JUNE 2020
FROM EGYPT YO THE WORLD
DIVENTURES
Contributors
Tamer Mostafa CMAS diving instructor, and his diving passion
started since 2011. He participated in the Guinness World Records with Captain Ahmed
Yehia Shalash Egyptian Writer, and The author of (Heroes of Eilat Operations) a book about Heroic operations of Egyptian Navy.
Gabr and Captain Walaa Hafez. He also has many contributions to the environment.
Coro Ornat
Kim Hoffnagle
A Spanish artist, who has many unique artworks,
An American artist residing in Athens, Greece,
gifted us the cover image of the English version
with many artistic creations and big clients such
with the assistant of the Spanish Foundation of
as Pepsi and Fox Company. Gifted us the Cover of
Science & Technology
the Arabic edition
EDITOR NOTE Dear Readers ...
It’s June ... I like to call it the ocean or nature month, and it is full of important events related to the ocean and the environment. In June, the French explorer Jacques Cousteau, the inventor of scuba diving, was born. There are also two important events in that month, the first is World Environment Day on June 5, and the second is World Ocean Day on June 8. So in this special issue we will talk about Jacques Cousteau which is the subject of the cover, we would like to thank the Spanish artist Coro Onat and the Spanish Foundation for Science and Technology for his dedication of the cover, we thank the American artist Kim Hoffnagel for giving them the inner work art of Jacques Cousteau. We will address the fourteenth goal of the Sustainable Development Goals. We will also learn about Egyptian naval championships during the 1969 attrition war and
one of the operations of the occupied Eilat port. Finally ... We hope you enjoy June Edition, and we hope that you will receive your constructive opinions to develop the magazine, and support us on Patreon platform.
Mohsen Nabil Founder
Magazine Cover
Jacques Cousteau Illustrated By
Coro Onat WEARBEARD
SUPPORT US
PATREON
SCUBA NEWS
COAST CLEAN-UP Several professional divers
in the
Arab
countries have carried out clean-up campaigns to the beaches in preparation for the return of the activity again after the lockdown imposed by the new Corona virus on the Arab world and the world at large. Groups of divers carried out in cooperation
with a number of diving centers in Egypt in
5
Sharm El Sheikh, Dahab, and Hurghada, with the sponsorship of the Chamber of Diving Tourism and Maritime Activities, the Future National Party, the Divers Syndicate under construction, and the Union of divers under
construction. Our brothers in occupied Palestine carried out clean-up operations on the shores of the Red Sea. The Egyptian Ministry of Tourism announced that all tourist facilities are in a state of
complete readiness to receive guests, whether it is domestic tourism or foreign tourism Diventures Magazine
6
SCUBA NEWS
7
CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) SCUBA DIVING STATUS MAP The coronavirus (COVID-19)
dive center to provide you
has disrupted travel and scuba
with
diving operations around the
status right from the source.
world in an unprecedented
Just click on any country to see
way. As the impact of the virus
what scuba diving restrictions
spreading and receding from
apply. To see an overview of
each country evolves, local
the status of each dive center
regulations adapt, creating a
in that country, click the red
patchwork of situations that is
button offering that option in
hard to stay up to date with.
the country information box.
Is
my
For the latest status for a
country? What’s open, what’s
particular dive shop, click on
closed? Are dive shops near
the pin for that dive center on
me open in coronavirus times?
the map or select the dive
With this PADI interactive map,
shop from the input box above
we have collected the latest
the map.
diving
allowed
in
the
most
up-to-date
information from each PADI DIVENTURES MAGAZINE
June 2020
8
6th ISSUE
DIVENTURES MAGAZINE
9
COVER TOPIC
DIVENTURES MAGAZINE
June 2020
Jacques-Yves Cousteau Jacques-Yves
Cousteau,
nicknamed
“Captain Cousteau”, “JYC” or “Le Pacha”
is an officer of the French Navy and French oceanographic explorer. He is director of the documentary ”
The
World of Silence ” of 1955, he won the
Palme d’Or at the Cannes Film Festival in 1956. Cousteau and Émile Gagnan worked together on the perfection of the
scuba.
Multiple
documentaries underwater
were
films
made
explorations,
on
and his
broadcasts
that met with great success.
6th ISSUE
DIVENTURES MAGAZINE
10
the commander of the Calypso and also
COVER TOPIC Passionate childhood
Cousteau was promoted
May 1946.
Jacques-Yves
to gunner officer and at
Discovery
Cousteau discovered
the age of 23 joined the
Also, following his road
himself at a young age
crew of the Navy training
accident
a passion for the sea,
ship, Jeanne d’Arc. The
Cousteau was assigned
where his family settled.
young man followed a
aboard the Condorcet ,
But his career began
pilot training at the same
where he met for the
nevertheless
1936,
in
the
time, but his career as an
first time Philippe Tailliez,
fact,
the
aviator
was
who
young man then twenty
stopped
by
years
his
accident in 1935. From
invention
examination
1930 to 1957, Cousteau
Fernez in 1920. Cousteau
at the Naval School of
was mainly invested in
realizes the extent and
Brest , where he will be
his military career, he
richness of underwater
accepted (promotion of
was commander of the
life, an experience that
1930).
base
from
marks a turning point in
Shanghai, participated in
the life of the young man
the
the
since he subsequently
battleship Graf von Spee
decides to devote his life
aboard the Dupleix, the
to exploring the big blue.
military,
entrance
11
in
in
prepares
quickly a
naval
search
for
road
lent
him
underwater
his
glasses, of
Maurice
bombing of Genoa and entered the Resistance. For his war,
Cousteau
received the Croix de Guerre 1939-1945, and also the title of Knight of the Legion of Honor, in
DIVENTURES MAGAZINE
June 2020
Les Mousquemers
gas,
The two who become
developed an improved
The story of the Aqua-
friends and meet two
prototype of the diving
Lung goes back to World
years
suit. In 1943, he filed the
War II. In June, 1943, on a
modern
small beach of the Riviera,
later
Dumas,
Frédéric
expert
in
with
whom
scuba
he
patent.
Aqua Lung
underwater
archeology,
Three years later, they
Jacques-Yves
the
passionate
created
wearing
three
the
company
about the sea will form a
Spirotechnique,
trio
and
allowed
“Les
commercialization
of
friends
researchers
which
shouldered
the
completely
of
diving gear.
Cousteau,
rubber
fins,
the
new
autonomous
diving equipment, and the
Musketeers,
Les
first modern holder, the
It was inspired by the
Mousquemers
will
CG45 (Cousteau -Gagnan-
discoveries that preceded
actually form a group of
1945).
company’s
it, particularly that of
four men, the last to join
momentum gives access
Captain Yves Le Prieur,
the group is named Leon
to diving to the general
pioneer of autonomous
Veche (Engineer Arts and
public, both as a leisure
diving
Crafts and Naval School)
activity
perfected an open-circuit,
and is assured of logistics.
professional activity
The
and
as
a
who,
in
1925,
compressed-air device.
Together, in 1942, they
Cousteau
made the first French
regulator, adapted it and
submarine film, “Eighteen
made it the crowning
meters deep”
piece of his Self-Contained
Diving Suit
Underwater
In 1942, Cousteau met
Apparatus (SCUBA), the
Émile Gagnan, a French
Aqua-Lung.
modified
the
Breathing
engineer specializing in
6th ISSUE
DIVENTURES MAGAZINE
12
Mousquemers”. As for The
by the World.
Cousteau Foundation In his struggle for the preservation of
marine
life, he created in the United States in 1973 the Cousteau
Foundation
which had nearly 250,000
members
in
the
90s,
before withering through legacy wars
after his
death . In 1983, JacquesYves
Cousteau
joined
13
forces with several NGOs including
against
Greenpeace
the
Wellington
Convention and managed to
have
Antarctica
classified as a protected area by intervening with the UN.
Death Cousteau died on June 25, 1997 in Paris and left behind about 150 films and
60
remains
works, one
of
and the
personalities remembered
DIVENTURES MAGAZINE
June 2020
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17
ENVIRONMENT
DIVENTURES MAGAZINE
June 2020
18
6th ISSUE
DIVENTURES MAGAZINE
ENVIRONMENT The Sustainable Development Goals
Among the seventeen goals, the
(SDGs),
as
fourteenth goal is to conserve the
(2030
oceans, seas and marine resources
Sustainable
and use them in a sustainable
formally
Transforming
Our
Agenda
19
known World
for
Development), are a set of 17 goals
manner
set by the United Nations, and they
development.
were mentioned in the United
It is the oceans of the world - their
Nations
Assembly
temperature, their chemistry, their
Resolution on 25 September 2015
currents and life - that stand behind
and
the global systems that make the
1
General
January
2016,
the
17
to
Sustainable Development Goals are
planet
included in the 2030 Agenda for
humankind.
achieve
Earth
sustainable
habitable
Sustainable Development. These
broad
goals
are
interconnected, although each has its own specific small goals, totaling 169
goals.
The
sustainable
development goals cover a wide
range
of
social
development
and
issues
economic (poverty
-
hunger - health - education - climate change - gender equality - water sanitation - energy - environment social justice). DIVENTURES MAGAZINE
June 2020
for
COVER TOPIC
21
CALYPSO
DIVENTURES MAGAZINE
June 2020
On board Calypso, life is harsh. This is not a
pleasure cruise. Night and day, calm seas or raging storm, the ship must be tended, cleaned, piloted, maintained‌ From the hold to the helm, the crew works for the success of the expedition. A quick visit to the ship is called for.
In Malta, Jacques-Yves Cousteau discovered a former Royal Navy mine-sweeper that had been converted to a ferry and named
her first prosaic name, J-826, belied the exceptional life she would lead. To Cousteau, she was the ideal ship for his plan to explore the seas. Thanks to the financial help of LoĂŤl Guinness, the sale contract was signed on July 19, 1950. Much of the equipment was donated by the
private sector, including many companies, and the French Navy. Jacques Cousteau and his wife Simone also devoted a major part of their personal resources to the ship. 6th ISSUE
DIVENTURES MAGAZINE
22
Calypso. The ship was christened in 1942 but
23
COVER TOPIC
For 40 years, Calypso carried Captain
old lady who had traveled through so
Cousteau and his teams to explore all the
many challenges heeled over and sank.
riches and the fragility of the oceans. At
The hearts of all her crew members over
once a vessel, an operations base and a
the years sank with her. It took 17 days to
home, the ship sailed from the warm
get the ship out of the water. Forever
waters of the Indian Ocean to the ice of
wounded, proud Calypso was now headed
Antarctica.
Conshelf
for one last mission: to bear witness for
structures, sailed up the Amazon River,
future generations of the extraordinary life
housed film teams and became the symbol
of Captain Cousteau. Born of war, Calypso
of a world to be explored and cared for.
has become the messenger of peace and
Breakdowns, hurricanes, storms, ice, sand
of protecting the water planet for future
banks—through them all, Calypso was the
generations. Expeditions continued with
leading actress of the ” Undersea World of
her younger sister, Alcyone, daughter of
Jacques Cousteau “. She surmounted many
the wind, launched in 1985.
an adventure and challenge. In the Suez
Calypso has been awarded the label Boat
Canal, she was almost sunk by mistake
of
during the 1956 Egypt-Israel conflict.
Maritime and River Heritage Foundation.
A Second Life
The certification awarded for 5 years since
It was three o’clock in the afternoon, in the
January 2012, has just been officially
port of Singapore, January 8, 1996, when a
announced by the Foundation. It is a great
barge, in the process of being moved,
recognition for this floating legend which
seriously damaged Calypso just as she was
have sailed the world’s oceans. It is also an
about to depart for a Yellow River
opportunity for a reminder on Calypso’s
expedition. Her hull perforated, the grand
situation
She
towed
the
DIVENTURES MAGAZINE
Heritage
Interest
by
the
French
June 2020
24
DIVE TRIP
27
BENEFITS OF LIVEABOARD DIVE VACATION
Tamer Mostafa DIVENTURES MAGAZINE
June 2020
6th ISSUE
DIVENTURES MAGAZINE
28
There are some reasons why experienced divers prefer to dive from a diving boat rather than staying at a landbased accommodation. Let’s Start
29
DIVE TRIP
Unique dive destinations:
can usually do a maximum of 3 dives a
Some of the world’s best dive locations
day (4 with some rare exceptions).
are far from the coast and can only be
When you dive from a dive safari,
reached by Liveaboard. For example all
usually the minimum number of dives
the
per day is 3, but often you’ll be diving 5
Historical,
Geological
and
big
times each day.
Thistlegorm, Abu Nuhas Reef, Daedalus
More convenient:
reef, Rocky Island And Zabargad.
On most of the liveaboards, you prepare
The best sites:
your equipment on the first day and
Even when you can go to a resort, you’re
disassemble it on the last one. There’s
quite limited by the range local dive
no need to prepare your BCD for each
boats
dive and no need to carry your
can
travel.
This
fact
can
dramatically diminish the number of
equipment around.
accessible dive sites. With a liveaboard,
Meet new people:
you’ll explore a much bigger area and
As the PADI motto states, “Go Places,
you’ll be diving in the best dive sites the
Meet People, Do Things.” Diving is not
whole area has to offer, not just the
only about diving, but it’s also about
ones you can reach from shore.
meeting people and exploring new
More diving:
places. Dive safaris occur in quite
With a land-based dive operator, you
confined areas where it is very easy to meet new people and make new friends.
6th ISSUE
DIVENTURES MAGAZINE
30
shark destinations in the Red Sea: SS
MILITARY DIVING
EGPYTIAN FROGMEN STORIES 31
The Fifth Attack on Eilat Port
Yehia Shalash DIVENTURES MAGAZINE
June 2020
32
6th ISSUE
DIVENTURES MAGAZINE
MILITARY DIVING This is the fifth attack to the Israeli port of Eilat by Egyptian Army Frogmen, and before this operstion there are two successful
operations.
The
Israeli
Minister of Defense Moshe Dayan was called by the Israeli Knesset after the success of the second operation to
interrogate him about the failure to take
33
the necessary measures to protect the port and pledged before them to double
Amman, were First Lieutenant Omar Izz
protection measures So that - he said -
al-Din with Sergeant Abu Risha and First
"Egyptian cockroach" will not be able to
Lieutenant Nabil Abdel Wahab with
enter the port again.
Sergeant Fuad Ramzi and with them the
The goal of the operation is to sink the
commander of the operation Lt. Col.
vehicles carrier "Pat Shefaa", so two
Reda Helmy.
groups moved to the Jordanian capital,
The Israeli naval units was leaving the port every day at sunset and remains mobile throughout the night so that the Egyptian Frogmen could not chase them and then return with the early morning hours to the port, whose entrance was secured by a half-inch iron net, and the rate of dropping anti-frogmen bombs on throughout the whole day and night, and
finally
illuminated
the at
port's night
water
with
strong
searchlights.
DIVENTURES MAGAZINE
is
June 2020
every minute or two, and what they
group of frogmen a mine weighing 150
feared happened. One of the bombs
kilograms of highly explosive hexane and
exploded near the two groups, causing
mine the pier in the military port of Eilat
all of their ears to be severely hurt.
and set the timing of the explosion to be
More seriously, the intensity of the
in the hour Twelve o'clock in the
explosive wave led to the four men
afternoon, after the naval units return
tossing over the surface of the water
and dock on the pavement, the force of
and they all became Exposed for many
the explosion ensures the destruction of
seconds, had it not been for the leader
the pier and any piece of marine
of the Israeli launcher to look forward,
anchored on it.
he did not see any of them, and if he
At 10:30 p.m. on Thursday, May 14, 1970
had turned his head for a moment, he
the night celebration of the anniversary
would have seen them all clear before
of the founding of the State of Israel -
him on the surface of the water, but they
the two groups were swimming on the
were in Allah’s care and protection.
shore of Aqaba, in the direction to Eilat
The sergeant complained to Abu Risha
military port, which is about five
after that from severe pain in his ear to
kilometers away, and at two in the
his proximity to the site of the explosion,
morning, Friday, May 15, they became in
hen First Lieutenant Omar Izz al-Din
the field of bomb patrols, and the rate of
ordered him to return to complete the
explosions was increasing about once
34
The operation plan was to carry each
MILITARY DIVING operation alone and carry the mine alone (150 kg) .. And indeed The three heroes complete their path, and for the third time one of the groups is made up of only one individual in violation of the instructions.
35
The heroes approached and began to
dive, but they failed to cut the steel rings
had affected the balance of the mines,
in the nets surrounding the port. They
so it was Omar Izz al-Din’s life except
dived to the bottom and crossed from
that he referred to his colleague Nabil
under the nets, with the risk that they
Abdel Wahab to take off the lead belt he
might be exposed to oxygen poisoning,
wore around Amid it and fixed it around
but they crossed safely until they
the mine .
reached the port pier and when they
The attempt succeeded and the mines
tried to install The mines were surprised
settled on its site.
by it floating and not settling on the
The heroes took the way back, and
bottom and discovered that the violent
because they did not wear a belt of
vibrations of the explosive devices
bullets they had to make an additional
around them, and particularly those that
effort to resist the buoyancy forces so
threw them on the surface of the water
they had to swim at an angle tilted down so that the result of the movement was to
remain
at
the
same
required
horizontal level .. After about 500 meters they had gone far enough to secure Themselves went up to the surface of the water and continued their way swimming.
DIVENTURES MAGAZINE
June 2020
The heroes returned safely to the
the morning, so it came on an additional
Jordanian shore, where the hero Omar
part of the port pier, as it caused A
Ezz Al-Din arrived in the fifty-four
number of human frogs have been
minutes of the morning of Friday, May
killed, as several ambulances were seen
15 and the second group followed in the
transporting the wounded and dead
fifth and a half and surrendered to the
(Israeli sources indicated that only one
Jordanian authorities who transported
human frog was killed).
them to the military hospital to treat
These were the last operations of the
their ears injuries and in particular
Marine Special Units brigade during the
Sergeant Ali Abu Risha Who was injured
War of Attrition, during which they
in the ear.
succeeded
It appears that the damage to the
penetrating the port of Eilat five times,
balance of mines also affected the
during which three operations were
timing devices. Instead of the mines
carried out in addition to the famous
exploding at twelve noon as planned,
operation to destroy the Israeli rig in the
the first mine exploded at thirty-five and
port of Abidjan, Ivory Coast on March 8,
thirty minutes in the morning, before
1970 in conjunction with the General
entering the ships and docking on the
Intelligence.
within
six
months
of
course, the state of emergency was declared, and the ships did not enter the port, and the Israelis waited for more than an hour in anticipation of any other explosions. Then, the Israeli human frogmen descended into the water to inspect the damages, and here the second mine exploded at about nine in
6th ISSUE
DIVENTURES MAGAZINE
36
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COVER TOPIC
39
ALYCON
DIVENTURES MAGAZINE
June 2020
Since 1985, Alcyone has been The Cousteau
Society’s expedition ship. Caen, France, is her home port. Alcyone’s success celebrates not just the wedding of hydrodynamics and aerodynamics, it also marks the entry of electronics and computers into the maritime world.
Beginning in 1980, Captain Cousteau’s teams, in
of economical propulsion for ships using the wind as a supplementary energy source. This revolutionary system, the Turbosail™ allows for fossil-fuel savings of up to 35 percent. The
ship’s designers sought a compromise between a monohull and a catamaran, which would be perfectly adapted to the mixed propulsion system.
6th ISSUE
DIVENTURES MAGAZINE
40
France and in the US, began refining a concept
41
COVER TOPIC
Captain Jacques-Yves Cousteau realized
Caspian Sea; it was the first time in forty
his dream of capturing the wind to
years
propel a ship when, in 1985, from La
authorized to enter the sea. She traveled
Rochelle, France, Alcyone, called the ”
to her US home in Virginia for much-
Daughter of the Wind “, crossed the
needed maintenance on her Turbosails,
Atlantic and arrived triumphantly in the
then left for the St. Lawrence River in
port of New York.
2000 to observe conditions of marine
Her missions have taken her all the way
mammal exploitation. In 2001, Alcyone
down the Americas to Cape Horn, then
returned to her home port, La Rochelle,
along the Pacific coast to the Sea of
for a complete overhaul, including new
Cortez (Mexico) in 1986, where the crew
engines. The Alcyone home port is now
watched a school of fin whales feeding,
Concarneau, Brittany, France.
that
a
foreign
vessel
was
Channel Islands (California) in 1987 and, in 1988, attempted to follow the migration of humpback whales from the Hawaiian islands to Alaska. In 1989, Alcyone arrived in Papua New Guinea. In 1990, she studied Australia’s great white sharks, explored Madagascar in 1994, and met more white sharks off Namibia
in
1996.
In
1998,
she
documented the status of the enclosed
6th ISSUE
DIVENTURES MAGAZINE
42
then elephant seals being tagged in the
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