Masters Portfolio

2019 - 2021

ORTFOLIO

P

Architecture

Sustainability

Engineering

By: Divya Naik M.Sc Sustainable Architecture, NTNU

Hei, Jeg er Divya Naik !

CONTENT Masters Academic project

Design brief Concept development Design Analysis Design drawings Structural Analysis Photograph/renders -

An Interactive journey of my selected work ……………………………………

Summer Workshop

Professional projects

Note – 1. Click on the ICON to see the work in the

Portfolio.

2. Click on the DOT to open the respective page.

3. Click on the project name to open link to the detail project portfolio.

THE M!ND

THE M!ND ZEB O-EQ

Design brief : The M!nd is a commercial office building with ZEB OEQ ambition, having built up area of 11000 sq.m across seven floor and basement accommodating service facilities and car and bicycle parking.

The design is paid attention to deliver high architecture quality, low maintenance, variation of spacial distribution and sustainable approach, craving a connection to green recreation areas, friendly lanes for pedestrian and bikes, promoting public transport and accommodating neighborhood that are active throughout the day and night.

Building operations

As the structure is placed in the prime location of the ZEN pilot project, the southern facade is detailed to attract the visitors and participate efficiently in solar energy production to achieve the ZEB O-EQ ambition

On-site production

Net delivered energy W/Eq = 23,2KWH/M2

Net delivered energy 47KWH/M2

Equipments 18,8KWH/M2

The design focuses on flexibility by providing area for both temporary and permanent tenants. The vertical circulation is designed in the two core, accommodating services, circulation and other functions. The horizontal circulation is dependable on the area design, function, accessibility and zone segregation.

Energy KWH PV export = 12,5KWH/M2 PV used = 16,9KWH/M2

Concept development The Mind

PV Location

ROOF

SFACADE

EFACADE

WFACADE

Coverage %

90

90

45

45

(sqm)Area effective

1465

355

405

500

Orientation

196

195

123

286

Slope

20

75

90

90

Design Analysis PV panels surface

The Mind The structural system

1

Wooden Superstructure above the Podium floors

2

Concrete Podium + Basement

Building Integrated Photovoltaic Panels

3

PVs on the roof and the south facade (90% coverage) and remaining are distributed along the East and West facades (45%).

The PVs are considered for an efficiency of 22% mono-crystalline panels with a 25yrs lifetime which can also extend with proper maintenance.

FINAL MODEL

Structural Anaylsis The Mind Energy system + project overview 1. There can be multiple solutions to the same problem 2. every solution needs to achieve the energy balance, and hence needs to go through a rigorous process of optimizing PV surface, floor areas without compromising on architectural and practical concerns 3. Super-insulated or superior performing buildings come with unique challenges that need to be addressed, in terms of design integration as well as functional characteristics

Ventilation Stratergy Design follows TEK17, minimum of 26 m3/h per person. Furthermore, the average supply of fresh air must be at least 2,5 m3/hm2 when the rooms are in use. This can be reduced to 0,7 m3/hm2 when the rooms are not in use.

Air intake Exhaust air extraction Fresh air supply

Planning : The proposed design has around 2400m2 footprint considering the outer plot line.

Design Drawings The Mind

The site can be accessed at the first level at the North-west corner, South-west corner and the Southern end. Due to a level difference the ground floor is closed by a retaining wall at the eastern end. The building can however be accessed directly from the North-east corner on the first level, which is the closest entry to the Bus-stop. The provision for a ramp has been provided at the southern end. This has been placed away from the building edge to preserve a walkable building edge.

The little distance along with the lowering contours helps reduce the ramp length as can been seen in the N-S section. Car access is stopped where the paved surface starts. Bollards temporarily limit car access into the site thus making it pedestrian and cycle friendly. The parking of this building, may in future, relate to the remaining plot to make this as a single entry, thus ensuring the main access road to be car-free.

Vehicle access Cycle access Pedestrain

Site plan (N.T.S)

Design Analysis The Mind

Basement floor plan (N.T.S)

Second floor plan (N.T.S)

Typical office floor plan (N.T.S)

SMART ISLAND

Step 1:

Placement of building block

SMART ISLAND Temperate climate zone

Step 2:

Lift ground floor by 6m to have transparency in design and easy public movement.

Design brief : The design process is driven by an intent to achieve an enveloping sustainability in and around the structure.

Primarily it is implemented by reducing cooling and heating loads, by provision of natural ventilation strategies, designing internal spaces to optimize its daylight potential.

Step 3:

Extrude the overall height as per program requirement.

The project (Commercial high-rise structure) is sited in a temperate climate zone on a plot 100mm X 100mm which is surrounded by mid rise building in an urban context.

The structure stretches along east-west direction with 17m from north boundary and 11m from east edge of the site.

The placement achieves two-fold solution as it ensures its harmonious positioning in the surrounding fabric, by not overshadowing the surrounding mid-rise structure.

Step 4:

Design faacde for efficient use of sunlight.

“Increasing the size of a building over a certain measure does not only have structural implications but also environmental and functional ones” — Myron Goldsmith, 1986

Step 5:

Tapper the edges to create pressure for air circulation and use geothermal property.

Structural Analysis 13%

Passive Solar heating

28%

Evaporative cooling

28%

Internal heat gain

6%

High thermal mass

The main structural system that transfers the load and keep the building stable are the central core and diagrid system. The diagrid system also supports the double skin façade and helps in ventilation. The glazing is made up of low U-value and high transmittance for provide sufficient daylight in the indoor space and maintain good thermal comfort.

The green roof also act as high thermal mass surface, that absorbs heat in the day and transmit to the spaces below at night.

Service Core

Waterfall Diagrid system Access ramp and staircase for basement floor

Smart Island

Design Analysis Smart Island Daylight Summer section (N.T.S)

Showroom floor plan

Winter section (N.T.S)

In summer the air flowing through the atrium is cooled by the waterbody around. This air enters through opening in the lower part of the space and the heated air is extracted out through opening in upper zones. This hot air rises up and it thrown out of the structure through roof opening.

On winter the air is heated with the atrium property to trap the sun heat. This air is then supplied to the space by inlet in lower zones and the contaminated air is extracted out of the space and the atrium through opening at upper zones. ´

Office floor plan – Type A

Office floor plan – Type B

Residential floor plan

Summer section (N.T.S)

Design Analysis Smart Island WINTER -Radiation analysis

SUMMER -Radiation analysis

Illuminance Radiation : Design on a linear pattern by introducing all the passive strategies, the heating load was reduced to 13 kWh/m3 and cooling loads also to 13 kWh/m3. It holds an impeccable promise of reducing the loads efficiently thus reducing the impacts on the environment. The radiation data clearly indicate that the maximum radiation are received by south facing façade in the winter months, which can help retain thermal comfort reducing the internal heat load.

Showroom floor plan

Office floor plan – Type A

Winter section (N.T.S)

Office floor plan – Type B

Residential floor plan

Planning : The structure is elongated In east-west direction in ratio 1 : 1.7, with water body covering the remaining site area. The trees are planted on east for passive shading. The structure had 2-main entrance on north and south side, with service vehicle access on east side.

Design Analysis

The core is placed centrally and both the entrance at directed towards the core, that support structure by transferring all the loads to earth also accommodates services zone for vertical connectivity.

Smart Island

One of the primary ideas is to use water geothermal energy as well as moist winds from the source in the structure, so as to regulate internal climate. This is achieved in the design by introducing a water element on site which the structure is seen as the floating element

Showroom Workstations Bathroom Wardrobe

Movement Foyer Workstations Entrance seating Meeting + Cabins

Cafeteria

Pedestrain Cycle access Vehicle access

Ground floor plan (N.T.S)

Office floor plan – type B

Residential floor plan (N.T.S)

Structural Analysis Smart Island

Showroom floor plan (N.T.S)

Office floor plan – type A (N.T.S)

Program zoning The structure is planned in three distinct zones namely – Public zone, Exhibition zone, Office / retail zone and residential zone.

The floor plates of the design follow a very simple rectangular form, the ground floor is designed with 6 floor high plaza to attract the visitors which primarily directs them to the basement.

Color

Space

Area

Core

Color

Space

Area

4750 m2

Garden

2870 m2

Residential

4700 m2

Circulation

3372 m2

Show room

1750 m2

Lobby

1660 m2

Office

23800 m2

Theatre

400 m2

Service

3260 m2

Food court

400 m2

GRØNN LINK

GRØNN LINK Renovation - Redesigning

Design brief The built environment demands around 40% of the world’s extracted materials and wastes from demolition. Sustainable design is a trending construction approach where all the design decision focus on minimizing the impact that the building operation and construction have on the environment.

In the initial stage of the design, a comparison of emission from materials was done before including them in the project. The study hypothesizes that the existing structural elements of the building, like steel columns, slabs, retaining wall are in good conditions to be used over for next 60 years.

Incase of L&S building, to calculate the GHG emission from existing structure and New construction the Online tool OneClickLCA was used, referring to European Standards EN 15978. The parameter that LCA is being used to find is the Global Warming Potential (GWP) measured in CO2eq.

The project focuses on adaptive reuse of the structure. Mix-use functions are proposed in the structure to serve the existing community and support upcoming development.

PHASE 1 - 1963

PHASE 4 - 1980

PHASE 2 - 1966

PHASE 5 - 1996

PHASE 3 - 1978

PHASE 6 - 1998

Concept development Grønn Link

Step 1 Retain major structural elements

Energy zoning The segregation of climatized and Semi-climatized zone will reduce the heating load of the structure and will also create a safe indoor space in winters

Step 2 Improve solar access and internal heat gain

Access zoning

Step 3 Only necessary additions to repurpose as per the brief

The separation of access zone is designed vertically and horizontally to maintain public distribution. This also give design flexibility for multiple entries as per the requirement of the respective zone

Step 4 Reuse maximum existing components

Step 5 Low emissions materials and offset with on-site generation

Structure zoning Greenhouse Zones, that brings a large amount of daylight into the structure, maintain internal comfort temperature and creates an active space throughout the year.

Design Analysis Grønn link

Material Inventory

Insulated windows

What is included in the LCA calculations for this project is only the new components added to the building. The existing building is thought to have lived its’ lifetime of 60 years and therefore the emissions from the initial building should not be accounted for again.

Atrium with ETFE roof

For the new components, a full life cycle assessment has been made (stages A to C/D). The parameter that LCA is being used to find is the Global Warming Potential (GWP) measured in CO2eq.

Roof

Third floor

System + other

Walls Ceiling Floors Finishes Doors Furniture

Interior

• • • • • •

Foundation Beams Column

Structure

• • •

Exterior

Atrium with glass panels walls

*EXCLUDED

• • • • • •

• • • • • • •

Wall Roof Windows Glazing Doors Landscaping

Mechanical Electrical Plumbing Speciality Staircase Elevator Others

Second floor

CLT deck and connecting bridge Insulated timber frames walls

First floor

Better insulated windows

Design Analysis PV panels

Grønn Link

Energy concept

PV Analysis

Energy Simulation with ETFE

To offset the operational emissions, PV panels have been added to the roof. The PV energy analysis made in Revit show coverage 74% building’s energy need. This is obtained from 1460m2 PV panels installation over the roof.

Multiple choices have been made in order to minimize the final operational energy need of the building. Initial temperature and energy analysis were made in the concept stage to find out the potential benefit of glazed atriums in reducing the heating needs of the building.

The PV-panels both decrease the emissions by generating local renewable energy, also contribute with material emissions. The results show an almost 2,5 times increase of the total GHG emissions, hence can be concluede that the biggest contributor from material GHG emissions comes from PV-panels.

PV panels

kWh/yr

kgCO2e/kWh

kgCO2e/yr

Energy generation capacity

228643

-0.13

-29724

Total energy need

308727

0.13

40135

Need from grid

80084

0.13

10411

Atriums functionally, they act as greenhouses which not only helps maintain the greens but also heats up much quicker during the days and this heat can help reduce the heating needs of the adjacent areas. Most of the materials which have been removed to introduce the atriums have been reused back into the project as wall claddings or internal partitions.

Energy simulation results with ETFE and insulations on exterior walls

Design Analysis Grønn link The biggest contributors to GHG emissions are the internal walls and non-bearing structures. This is due to the large glass walls that are added to the atrium. Glass provides a glazed surface that is translucent, gives daylight to the inside of the building while thermally separating the semi-conditioned atrium space from the conditioned areas.

Generally the materials with the lowest greenhouse gas emissions were chosen for the added materials to the project. In this way, all the major parts that add to the material emissions of the project have had a preliminary material comparison analysis, on the previous page.

Total embodied emissions by building component

Total embodied emissions by resource type

Insulation comparison : Woodfibre V/S Glasswool (U-value is calculated with 200mm of concrete masonry and the insulation) S.no

Insulation Type

Unit

Thickness (mm)

λ –value (W/Mk)

U –value (W/m2K)

U -value requirement

GWP (khCO2e/m2)

1

Woodfibre

1 m2

198

0.0038

0.18

< 0.22

3.10

2

Glasswool economy

1 m2

198

0.0038

0.18

< 0.22

1.90

3

Glava extern 31

1 m2

148

0.0031

0.2

< 0.22

0.85

Glazing comparison : Glass V/S ETFE (Achieved U-value for 4 layer ETFE glazing as opposed to the more normal 3-layer ETFE) U-value

Solar heat gain

Solar admittance

area

Area unit

Lifespan

GWP (A-C Stage)

GWP (A-D stage)

NorDan

1.2

52%

72%

1.00

M2

40 years

125.49

124.83

ETFE

1.9

75%

90%

1.00

M2

50 years

62.78

15.47

Design analysis Grønn Link

Benchmark results for the renovation scenario of the Old structure

Benchmark result for the scenario of the existing building being built today

The reason for this high emission in the existing building can possibly be due to limitation of technology (as parts of the building are quite old), lack of a sustainable approach to design as well as carbon-intensive construction materials such as steel and concrete that have been used extensively for heavy construction.

Energy demand

The proposed design tries to minimizing emissions as a core criteria for choice of design interventions and materials. Another major factor is reuse of the existing structure, which helps significantly reduce emissions.

Renovating the building would lead to only 7% of the emissions compared to the new construction scenario.

That is an incredible 93% decrease of emissions.

Supply system

Delivered energy

Emissions

End use kWh/m2

Thermal energy need

Electric energy need TOTAL

70

24

m2

4381

5227

kWh/yr

306670

125448

Name

Coverag

Efficiency

kWh/yr

khCO2/kWh

kgCO2/y

year

Heat pump (air to air)

80%

2.16

113581

0.130

14766

60

885936

Electric boiler

20%

0.88

69698

0.130

9061

60

543642

Direct electric

100%

1.00

125448

0.130

16308

60

978494

40135

60

2408072

308727

kgCO2/60yr

1, 4 Site entrance & exit

2 Indoor plaza

3

4

Outdoor plaza

3

5 Amphitheatre

6

2

Event space

1 5

Design renders

6

Grønn link Site plan (N.T.S)

Planning : Langeland & Schei (L&S) building is located very close to Lademoen and lies along the bicycling and jogging tracks. Taking advantage of that, the pedestrian and cycle paths have been kept central to the site plan to have maximum intersection and footfall.

The amenities also provide initiative for the general public as restaurants, OAT, library, cafes etc. The back of the building has a shared surface giving access to the unloading vehicles for the workshop and direct access to the co-working spaces.

The first floor has been designed along the landscape connectivity to give maximum access into the building. The organic lines cut across the rectangular geometry of the existing structure, separating the existing and the new. Towards the west are the public areas with plazas and space for temporary activities in the atrium. Retail shops are on either side while the deck with cafes and balcony is in the first level.

Design drawings Grønn Link

First floor plan (N.T.S)

Second floor plan (N.T.S)

TRESTYKKER Workshop

Photographs Trestykker

DESIGNSMITH Professional work

Renders + Photographs Designsmith

THANK YOU Divyanaik1096@gmail.com

Divyanai@stud.ntnu.no

+47 40997658