HISTORY ASIAN ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM
ARCH1332 / SEMESTER 01 2019 DONG WOO KWAK S3278341 JOSHUA JIAN MIN KHONG S3500814 TUTOR: HELEN DUONG
ASSESSMENT TASK 1: The Analysis of Precedent
ASSESSMENT TASK 3: Design Strategy
Globalisation: Dongdaemun Design Plaza, Zaha Hadid Non-Western Modernity: Setia Corporate Headquaters, Shatotto Changing Urban Typologies: Insadong Ssamzigil, Ga. A. Architects Urban Village: Xiafu Farmer’s Market, Bengo Studio Sustainability: Cheonggyecheon SMG City Types and Tropes: ScoBeans, iSM Architects Contemporary Vernacular: AHSA Farmstay / Housing, Creative Crews Globalisation 2: Shanghai World Financil Centre, Kohn Pedersen Fox
Brick Cave, by H&P Architects: Topic / Issue / Phenomena Context Mapping Cave House Composition Site Plan Mapping Cave House Program Overall Analysis Membrane Sunlight Rain Ventilation Filter Living Cell Materiality Vegetation Hem Section analysis Kit of Parts Section 01 A: Inviting Sunlight Section 01 B: Structural Section 02 A: Materiality Section 02 B: Porosity Section 03 A: Staircase Section 03 B: Skylight Section 04 A: Privacy / Open Plan Section 04 B: Zoning Key Moments Hem Space 01 Hem Space 02 Ground Floor Hit-And-Miss Brick façade 01 Hit-And-Miss Brick façade 01 Scale Critique Bibliography
Appendix: Non-Western Modernity: Non-Western Modernity: Changing Urban Typologies: City Types and Tropes:
WHBC House, WHBC Studio Marina City, Bertrad Goldberg China Town Kuala Lumpur Starfield COEX Mall, Gensler
ASSESSMENT TASK 2: Mapping the City Taman Connaught Night Market: Mapping Technique: Architecture Site Analysis: Plan Mapping: Case Study Location: Axonometric Analysis: Bibliography
Topic / Issue / Phenomena Expanded Field, Urban Environments, Emergent Night Market Setup Process Ordinary Activation & Circulation of Site vs Night Market Activation & Circulation of Site Composition of site Relationship Diagramming
Appendix: Malaysia Mapping: 1:20000000 Kuala Lumpur Mapping: 1:1000000 Taman Connaught Mapping: 1:3500 Additional Plan Mapping
CONTENTS
ASSESSMENT TASK 1: The Analysis of Precedent Globalisation: Amended Text Non-Western Modernity: Amended Work - Redo Changing Urban Typologies: Amended Text Urban Village: Amended Work Sustainability: Amended Work City Types and Tropes: Amended Work - Redo Contemporary Vernacular: Amended Work Globalisation 2: Same ASSESSMENT TASK 2: Mapping the City Bibliography added ASSESSMENT TASK 3: Design Strategy Site Plan Mapping added
SUMMARY LIST
Joshua Khong Jian Min - S3500814
Dong Woo Kwak - S3278341
During this course I had the pleasure to work with my
Asian Architecture and Urbanism has allowed me to explore variety
partner Danny Kwak. Our partnership was great and I felt
of exemplar precedents, architects and concepts from the east side
I’ve learned so much from him. We both mainly worked
of the globe. The assignments were beneficial as I had to spend time
in uni together spending our nights trying to complete
to study, unpack and examine the architecture and compare to the
assignment 2 and 3. Assignment 2 Taman Connaught
lectures. It does seem the scope of lecture series were limited as less
Night Market was one of our challenges. Foreign to
than 10 countries were explored within the large context of Asia. As a
him but familiar to me, we worked ultimately well in
Korean, I have tried to find precedents from Korea that can be added
completing the project. We did not manage to get many
into the course but perhaps, the course can be structured around
references pictures for when the market was on, so I
architectural era as history western architecture 20th century is taught.
had to get into contact with my dad to assist in getting
The first assignment was difficult to manage in group due to inevitable
them. Mapping the whole project was a long and tedious
interruption from other subjects, which I understand was done in
process but we pulled through. Assignment 3 was the
group to study more variety of projects. On the other hand second
toughest in my opinion. A precedent that we chose were
and third assignment was more successful working in group of two, to
both unfamiliar to us. It was extremely hard to find an
unpack and understand a site / project in depth. Working with Josh,
address for the project to get a site plan, however there
I gained architecture cultural knowledge as he is Malaysian and the
were other drawings and pictures for us to derive from.
environment was different compared to Korea or Australia. Lastly in
We both put our outmost effort in trying to 3d model the
the future, it would be beneficial if the course can provide students
project with the given plans and section. Fortunately
with exemplar precedents / architects that practice specific concepts
we managed and took advantage of the 3d model to
so students can know what kind of architecture to analyse. This is not
cut quick sections and plans to diagram analytically. In
to spoon feed the students but act as a guideline to compare their
conclusion, I felt that our partnership was an effective one
choice of precedents to the lecture series, because it is difficult to
and we worked well together as a partnership.
find examples from Asia that does not provide English translation.
STUDENT REFLECTION
ASSESSMENT TASK 1: THE ANALYSIS OF PRECEDENT
Globalisation
Non-Western Modernity
Dongdaemun Design Plaza, Zaha Hadid Cultural Hub
Setia Corporate Headquarters Shatotto
The “Metonymic Landscape” design of DDP, the competition winning proposal
Setia Corporate Headquarters is a perfect example of a contemporary
by Zaha Hadid, became the icon of Korea’s design industry but at what cost
take on concrete pilotis. This is in reference to iconic features set by
did the world’s ‘biggest atypical building’ achieve this? The enormous amount
Le Corbusier which were to include concrete pilotis, elegant structural
of steel and concrete takes control over the atmosphere. Strict ramped path
columns that resonate with the poise and classicism of the Parthenon and
internally disregards any congregational space, which allows public to loiter
Villa Rotonda. The architect used it in the building to showcase both the
and wander the space. The lack of conventional, mediocre walled museum
practical and aesthetic characteristics of the columns, large pilotis that hold
restricts the flexibility and the whole space being one giant slope.
weight of the roof create an open public space while smaller columns are
281 Eulji-rp, Euljiro 7-ga, Jung-gu, Seoul, South Korea
Setia Alam, Shah Alam, Malaysia
placed sparsely through the interiors. In the controversial competition, other entries such as MVRDV did incorporate historic value and used it as a leverage. They retained much of
Furthermore, the building was designed throughout according to state-
the old stadium but transformed it into public space and used the leftover
of-the-art green building standards while incorporating high performance
space to fit the new exhibition halls. The location of the older historical wall
features of green architecture to reflect SP Setia’s ability to provide a
was excavated to reveal the footprint of the destroyed landmark unlike Zaha,
positive response to the environment. A unique feature was the opening in
who has simply replicated the historical wall as if it was never destroyed.
the extended roof to collect rainwater while also honouring the importance
MVRDV’s idea was to invite people to a familiar yet modified through design
of rain in this part of the world.
atmosphere to generate a new culture.
Seoul’s icon of design, a gift from Zaha Hadid
Interior view
Original location of archeological findings, which is moved to historical garden zone
Exterior view
Exterior view 2
Existing stadium light retained as heritage gesture 40m concrete pilotis
Replicating the historical wall onto the site as reviving the heritage object
AL RIC
DEN
GAR
TO
IGN
DES
HIS
ZA
PLA
zaha’s non-contextural landmark on top of historically rich area
Front diagrammatic prespective view
Reviving the footprint of the old wall location
interior and exterior columns providing support and decreasing the use of internal walls
Using the exisitng discontinued stadium as landscape park
Allow most of the space for congregation
Using the leftover as the exhibition hall
MVRDV’s contextual landmark, using exisitng condition, hinting the history and using the leftover space for their main program
https://failedarchitecture.com/on-zaha-hadids-dongdaemun-design-plaza/ https://junmichaelpark.com/deconstructing-dongdaemun-design-plaza/ http://www.zaha-hadid.com/architecture/dongdaemun-design-park-plaza/ https://www.engineering.com/BIM/ArticleID/12405/Dongdaemun-Design-Plaza-A-BIM-Proof-of-Concept.aspx https://www.architectural-review.com/essays/reputations-pen-portraits-/zaha-hadid-1950-2016/10028600.article
Ground floor plan
1. ArchDaily. (2019). SP Setia Headquarter / Shatotto. [online] Available at: https://www.archdaily.com/531842/sp-setia-headquarter-shatotto [Accessed 17 Jun. 2019]. 2. Zambonato, J. (2019). Setia Corporate Headquarters. [online] Architizer. Available at: https://architizer.com/projects/setia-corporate-headquarters/ [Accessed 17 Jun. 2019].
Changing Urban Typologies
Urban Village
Insadong Ssamzigil, Ga. A. Architects Retail Shop development
Xiafu Farmer’s Market, Bengo Studio Community Center
Ssamzigil is an amalgamated word combining Ssamzi, company’s name, and gil, Korean word meaning street. The name shows the importance of streetlike design feature. The concept was to combine street shopping and shopping centre together in order to create a new typology. This simple ramped shopping building thrives with different audiences every day because of its location and how it fits into the site.
Rapid Urbanisation has left many rural villages in China to lose its cultural heritage/value, without sustainable development, it is at a bigger risk. Architecture can play an important role in the rejuvenation of these rural communities.
44 Insadong-gil, Gwanhun-dong, Seoul, South Korea
Street shopping requires large horizontal space which costs astronomical price in dense urban Seoul. On the other hand, shopping centres are urban island where people come in cars and gets trapped in a box until their business is completed. Ssamzigil taps into existing movement network and create a shopping that is designed with ‘people scale’ in mind. The simple technique of transforming horizontal circulation into vertical shows seamless boundary from the outside yet radical from the inside. This project is successful because of its study of the context, capitalising on the strength of the site surrounding and contributing to the identity of the neighbourhood. The building became a landmark yet the form and aesthetic looks like it has aged with the surrounding.
Series of access points into central courtyard
Use of void is essential in ssamzigil
Xiafu Village, Zhuji, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
This is achieved through a renovation of Xiafu Village largest farmers market, the markets was a starting point for the villager’s daily life of gatherings, trades of livestock and the exchanges of goods. It holds an up-most important value towards the locals who lives in the area. Specifically, in Zhejiang Province, many younger tradies have moved into the city due to the failing system of trade. Hence this project aims to re-design the civic by creating a more welcoming and practical layout to solve this issue. The re-design only took two changes from the original. Firstly, to break the typical linear layout and provided a roof form of non-direction to welcome locals to enter from any point entry. Secondly, the layout change to a square enclosed form to make a clear division between the sellers and buyers zone. The result was the return of many local stores back to the improved designed market place.
Xiafu Village, Zhuji, Shaoxing
Xiafu farmer’s market
Before
Linear structure that was unreceptive Street shopping typology After
Height adjustment that makes the structure more appealing and welcoming
Exposed virtical shopping street typology
Department store typology
Before
Site plan bringing in street language into design
Entrances / Circulation
After
? unknown ownership / lack of security
enclosed area / improved security and ownership status
Before
After
Government spatial arrangement approach towards the farmer’s market
ew spatial arrangement approach towards the farmer’s market - provides tradies a sense of ownership, providing more security and view for tech tradies.
Street typlogy stacked ontop
From far the building is depicgted as department store but the void exposure breaks the barrior between street and the building
https://seoulistic.com/shopping/shopping-malls/ssamzigil/ https://worldarchitecture.org/architecture-projects/fhzn/ssamziegil-project-pages.html https://theforeignarchitect.com/seoul-architecture-food-guide/#Ssamziegil_Mall_GaA_Architects http://seoulvillage.blogspot.com/2009/05/ssamziegil.html#.XIYh6Nr7QuU http://archur.co.kr/40122239517
1. aasarchitecture. (2019). Renovation of the Xiafu Village Farmers’ Market by Bengo Studio. [online] Available at: https://aasarchitecture. com/2019/03/renovation-of-the-xiafu-village-farmers-market-by-bengo-studio.html [Accessed 28 Mar. 2019]. 2. Crawford.anu.edu.au. (2019). [online] Available at: https://crawford.anu.edu.au/files/uploads/crawford01_cap_anu_edu_au/2013-09/cp20133_special_feature.pdf [Accessed 28 Mar. 2019].
Sustainability
City Types and Tropes
Cheonggyecheon Restoration Project, SMG Large scale urban regeneration
ScoBeans, iSM Architects Maximising from regulation constraints
The restoration of Cheonggyecheon stream seemed like modern urban designer’s dream come true, by taking the 10-lane freeway and 4-lane overpass, and reconnect the landscape with people. Despite the political issue, failing to deliver pretty much everything besides aesthetics, this urban regeneration if done as planned would be perfect urban renewal precedent. The project’s aim was to change the city’s identity from machine into organism, City 3.0 by Charles Landry. Korea was one of the fastest growing countries and the backbone of the growth was industrial power. Thus it was natural to emphasise on hard infrastructure then. Cheonggyecheon revitalisation project states that Korea realise the value in people skill and the need of soft infrastructure. The 11km stream is now where people gather for social congregation, exercise and flourishing with greenery. City blocks adjacent to the stream benefits greatly because of circulation and it acts as a web connecting cultural and historical sites along the stream.
ScoBeans Café is a design response to construction rules and regulations of South Korea. iSM had to a small and long acute triangular 120m2 corner site that had tight setback regulation. As a result, the max floor area achievable was 24m2. Thus iSM capitalised on non-tangible space via exposing stairs and full height curtain wall that allows exterior space to be perceived as part of the café. There is a 12m height restriction and the client wanted 4 story café, thus the lowest floor is underground yet had exposure to sky by creating a sunken garden profile with diagonal bonding brick retaining wall technique. The exposed staircase was made from folded steel and stabilised with thin steel rods to minimise the visual profile assisting in enlarging spatial atmosphere. On the main curtain wall glass panels, fritting pattern was painted in the shape of vertical triangulation to reduce acrophobia effect. However, it acquired transparency at eye-level. Lastly the rooftop terrace was made to mimic extra floor. By removing roof system to this level, north side oblique line can be achieved to provide sunlight to the public realm.
Cheonggyecheon-ro, Yongsin-dong, Seoul, South Korea
Cheonggyecheon project has failed to deliver the ecological sustainability but managed to grasp onto the social sustainability. It drains billions of tax money to pump the water up but shows the value of such space. Dong Dae Mun
Cheonggycheon Plaza HISTORY
ScoBeans Café shows how regulation can be a design tool not a restriction to architects. The building respects the surrounding while creating visual impact of the architecture at the same time.
ECOLOGY
E CULTUR
Banchado of king Jeongjo City blocks affected by the redevelopment
7 Munjeong-ro, Seohyeon 1 dong, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
Historic Laundry site Wall of Culture
DDP
Rhythm Wall & Wall of Hope
Jonchigyogak & Tunnel Fountain
11km From creek to infrastructure back to creek
Transparency on facade allows the interior space to be perceived larger than floor area
30m
2
North side Oblique line Regulation Height Regulation
60m2 37m2
Road Historic laundry site pre modern era
Covering the creek to build infrastructure
Setback regulation removes the acute corner
Exposed Rooftop as 5th floor + Angled form
LV3: 9.0m LV2: 6.0m LV1: 3.0m GF: 0.0m B1: -3.3m Sunken floor to achieve 4 floors + rooftop
Hard infrastructure for production city
Koelreuteria elegans (Twaiwan Golden Rain Tree) to be planted to mitigate flooding
New Sewer system to mitigate flooding
Exposed verticle circulation
Transparency to increase visual floor area
Rooftop exposed
Sunlight angle
Fritting pattern to avoid acrophobia
Folded Steel Staircase
Light penetration
Thin steel rods
Site setback
Sunken Floor
Transforming the focus back to people
Existing Highway Demolished
New landscaped cannel designed for the people
Existing street trees, protected and retained
Existing Road and Pathway to be retained
Section perspective showing before and after urban renewal project
Regulation as design element instead of restricting element
https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/may/25/story-cities-reclaimed-stream-heart-seoul-cheonggyecheon https://sustainabilitywriter.wordpress.com/2012/07/04/the-cheonggyecheon-river-restoration-project-seoul-south-korea/ https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/17/world/asia/17daylight.html https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10630732.2013.855511?src=recsys&journalCode=cjut20 http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2686192
https://www.archdaily.com/521881/yul-dong-cafe-ism-architects http://ism-architects.com/projects/scobeans/ https://blog.naver.com/designwhoswho/221411519132 http://www.designwhos.com/bbs/board.php?bo_table=architecture&wr_id=823 https://blog.naver.com/a-platform/221508238226
Contemporary Vernacular
Globalisation
AHSA Farmstay / Housing Creative Crews
Shanghai World Financial Center Kohn Pedersen Fox
As people livelihoods changed, traditional homes are becoming less relevant,
Western influence in China is an example of the late 21th century
resulting in an increasingly popular trend of replacing vernacular homes for
globalisation / soft power spurring into the Chinese economy and building
generic concrete houses.
markets. Japan, Hong Kong, European and American investors were seen.
Maechan, Chiang Rai, Thailand
Location: No.100, Century Avenue, Pudong New Area
Specifically in this case, A represented shape circle in any element of Chinese AHSA Farmstay house was designed by Creative crews in order to address
buildings could potentially mean The Rising Sun flag, a representation of the
this issue. With the implementation of Cultural Tourism they were able to
Japanese war flag.
conserve Vernacular Architecture for future generations through traditional design. Re-claimed timber from dismantled homes were selected as building
American Architecture company Kohn Pedersen Fox lead the design for
materials. This was to preserve the original buildings in parts rather than
the symbolic Shanghai World Financial Center. Problem faced were the
restoring it as a whole. Some materials had distinctive forms, which were
distraught mayor of shanghai and several Chinese critics who considered
preserved and celebrated. Details were designed to mimic local vernacular
the observatory deck design similar to the Japanese Flag “The rising sun”.
method, Specifically the Joinery and structures made out of timber. Hierarchy
Major changes could be seen made by William Pedersen to full-fill them.
of buildings placement were followed to create the local relationship between
The proposal change of the deck from Circle to a square was to based it of a
each building and its authority. Climatically, the architects uses same
cultural que for the element “square” was representation “gate to heaven”.
constructional method of traditional ventilation to keep the building cool to counter the hot climate in Thailand.
AHSA Farmstay
Ventilation
Shanghai
Restroom
Dining Kitchen Spatial arrangement / Hierachy 1. Ref: IWAMURA, K. (2019). The Vernacular and our current Built-Environment: Part-I. [online] Iwamura-atelier.com. Available at: http://iwamura-atelier.com/wpat/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/The-Vernacular-Part-I.pdf [Accessed 31 Mar. 2019]. 2. http://www.siamese-heritage.org/jsspdf/2011/JSS_101_0e_PratimaWalliman_DevelopmentofTraditionalHouseFormsInRiparianCommunities. pdf 3. Ahsa Farm Stay. (2019). Home - Ahsa Farm Stay. [online] Available at: https://www.ahsafarmstay.com/ [Accessed 31 Mar. 2019].
Globalisation / Polticial change
Original design
New design
1. Weisenthal, J. (2019). Shanghai: 1990 vs. 2010. [online] Business Insider Australia. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com.au/ shanghai-1990-vs-2010-2010-6?r=US&IR=T [Accessed 12 Mar. 2019]. 2. ArchiTravel | Online Architecture Guide. (2019). Shanghai World Financial Center | ArchiTravel. [online] Available at: https://www.architravel. com/architravel/building/shanghai-world-financial-center/ [Accessed 12 Mar. 2019].
APPENDIX
Non-Western Modernity
WHBC House, Langkawi Island Langkawi Island Kedah, Malaysia
Marina City in Dubai? Figuration
Architects to showcase Malaysia’s local modernity scene.
Marina City / Bertrand Goldberg Mix-used Residential Commercial Complex Chicago,IL,USA
The concept of bringing back the old system used in Malay traditional houses and applying
“Is it a process or figure plonking?”- Leon Van Schaik
A house located in the depths of Langkawi for the client was an example of great efforts by WHS
them to newer buildings was the idea to improve and rejuvenate the system. The house was built upon a hilltop, materials used were recycled wooden poles and structural steel that protect the timber from termites with added glass windows to provide a more distinct look. Traditional scarf joints were used to join sections of the recycled pole together, creating beams that were sufficient length for the use of the framework that supports the roof. Being compared to with the traditional house, this newly design house takes an approach to improve and preserve Malay traditional house by tackling the problems of termites whilst maintaining the traditional strategy of sun-shading and ventilation.
A design that went through Nemisis? or a plonking process “figuration”? The Marina City by Bertrand Goldberg completed in 1964 were one of the tallest residential projects in the world. An experiment of allocating diversified programs in the building “a city within the city”. A similar approach taken by Donna towers in Dubai with the form of the building seeing almost identical. The Mix used Residential building under construction has taken the form of the “Corn Cob” form and façade aesthetics. Floor plan can be seen taking a similar placement and approach. Is this an intendent duplication of the original ? A plonk and earn mentality? Or genuinely a Nemisis influence design by Seasid developers Dubai?
Two seperate identitical Towers
WHBC house1
scraf joints
natural ventilation Donnie Towers - Dubai
Marina City - Chicago, USA
structural steel traditional malay house Comparison of Floor plans and Facade
natural ventilation structural steel
langkawi house
1. Rashid, M. and Rahat Ara, D. (2019). Modernity in tradition: Reflections on building design and technology in the Asian vernacular. [online] ScienceDirect. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095263514000715 [Accessed 30 Mar. 2019]. 2. Griffiths, A. (2019). WHBC designs a house in Malaysia made from reclaimed telegraph poles. [online] Dezeen. Available at: https://www.dezeen.com/2014/09/10/whbc-house-malaysia-reclaimed-telegraph-poles/ [Accessed 30 Mar. 2019].
1. WikiArquitectura. (2019). Marina City - Data, Photos & Plans - WikiArquitectura. [online] Available at: https:// en.wikiarquitectura.com/building/marina-city/#marina-city-bertrand-goldberg-28329 [Accessed 19 Mar. 2019]. 2. Donna-towers.com. (2019). Donna Towers | A leading Dubai real estate project. [online] Available at: https://donnatowers.com/ [Accessed 19 Mar. 2019].
KLC’s Urbanisation
City Types and Tropes
China Town Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur City Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Due to the rapid urbanization rate in Kuala Lumpur, (figure1) the traditional urban environment has been constantly replaced by modern structures with standardized images. The urban landscape (KLC) Kuala Lumpur’s China town demonstrates a similar pattern, which, arguably, may disrupt the continuity in cultural meaning embedded in people’s association with the places. Prewar shophouse unpreserved, due to urbanisation and economy pressure. KLC being one of the most visited tourist sports is slowly being taken over by commercialisation overriding the heritage elements in KLC buildings. Heritage Buildings being one of the first targets, for land redevelopment
Starfield COEX Mall, Gensler World’s largest underground shopping mall
513 Yeongdong-daero, Samseong il-dong, Seoul, South Korea Coex was initially developed as an exhibition centre, displaying Korean manufactures. Then transformed into trading industry, adding public transportations, accommodations and trades. In the 21st century, Coex added cultural programs such as G20 Summit hall, casino, cinema, aquarium and the biggest underground shopping mall in the world, to target general public rather than just trading personals. The shopping mall was however, nicknamed the labyrinth as the circulation was complex and narrow, corridors after corridors with adjacent shops, blocked from natural light and lack of loitering spaces. In 2014, Gensler had 2key ideas for renovation. Treat it as urban infrastructure rather than architecture and identity for the district. Gensler designed one large void space for congregation that is visually and physically accessible directly from any entrance points. This became the landmark within this subterranean world and gave sense of direction. Secondly transforming the columns into interactive advertisement, constantly feeding information of locations and entertainment, evolving a structural necessity into artwork. Therefore the complex underground corridors were now equipped with a system, it still is chaotic but now is used to attract people than neglect it.
and a new MRT station. This can be also be seen in the reduction of prewar shophouse, deterioration (figure2) by lack of maintenance and huge signboards taking over the significant valued façade on the buildings. (figure 1)
Kuala Lumpur 1990
starfield library acting as a gathering square, and a landmark in the commercial Labyrinth pocket square
public pathway
Millennium pavilion & Asem Pavilion
starfield library
escalators
1 2
3
MP
4 AP
before the renovation, series of small gathering pockets confusing people
Kuala Lumpur 2019
deterioration (figure 2)
SF
MP
LP AP
after renovation, big void areas visible from all entrances and escalators
BEFORE URBANISATION
BUTIK BUTIK BUTIK RANTING GUEST HOUSE WWW.KLGUESTHOUSE.COM.MY
GALLERY SENI
ZERO DEGREE BUTIK
AFTER URBANISATION
1. Ujang, N. (2014). PLACE MEANING AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE TRADITIONAL SHOPPING DISTRICT IN THE CITY CENTRE OF KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA. [online] researchgate. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Norsidah_Ujang2/publication/283509368_Place_ meaning_and_significance_of_the_traditional_shopping_district_in_the_city_centre_of_kuala_lumpur_malaysia/links/563c798608aec6f17dd70476/ Place-meaning-and-significance-of-the-traditional-shopping-district-in-the-city-centre-of-kuala-lumpur-malaysia.pdf [Accessed 26 Mar. 2019]. 2. Irep.iium.edu.my. (2014). URBANIZATION AND HOUSING IN KUALA LUMPUR CITY CENTRE : ISSUES AND FUTURE CHALLENGES. [online] Available at: http://irep.iium.edu.my/4159/1/earoph2004.pdf [Accessed 26 Mar. 2019].
every column acts as wayfinding instrament
interactive columns
https://www.fmkorea.com/876172272 http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20170531001002 https://www.afar.com/places/coex-convention-and-exhibition-center-seoul https://architizer.com/projects/coex/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starfield_COEX_Mall
ASSESSMENT TASK 2: MAPPING THE CITY TAMAN CONNAUGHT NIGHT MARKET
TAMAN CONNAUGHT NIGHT MARKET:
ur ump
Ku ala Lu m
pu r
la L Kua
The banking and finance concentrated zone of Taman Connaught is active during business hours and abandoned in the evening. The former illegal night market activated this site for decades creating a new culture in Taman Connaught, giving opportunities for many vendors to make their living and the site became congregating hub for pedestrians. The Malaysian government acknowledged this temporary event as cultural asset and through legalisation, it shows their focus on value of people and soft infrastructure rather than automobile and hard infrastructure. Car parks and roads are essential to modern-day urban cities. However, it requires large portion of the land which still cause heavy traffic during peak hours and is abandoned during night. This is a phenomenon architects and urban planners have been trying to solve ever since humanities became automobile dependant. Taman Connaught tackles this issue by hosting weekly night markets to utilise the empty space, giving a new program to hard infrastructure. Another unique aspect of this night market is the interaction between shop houses on the edge of the market space. The three types of businesses, bank, retail and restaurant, all have different relationship with the night market but all trying to benefit from each other, creating synergy effect to invite visitors.
TAMAN CONNAUGHT
Taman Connaught Night Market was an existing condition before government’s intervention. It was grown out of necessity and opportunities by the people, thus the system is organic and fluid compared to other markets organised by the government such as Camberwell Market. Our hunch was to analyse this organic market and uncover the hidden relationship between market vendors and visitors. How the narrow pedestrian passage is formed meandering through market stalls, and how the system allows for visitors to enjoy the market and still have enough room to pass through.
Night Market
By mapping the night market, we aim to investigate the relationship between shop houses and the night market, as well as circulations of people / automobiles.
Petaling Jaya
Kajang
Seri Ke an
mbang
TAMAN CONNAUGHT LOCATION MAP Scale 1:100000
Through observation of the site, when the market is on an off, we could identify different mode of circulations. The mono-programed car park requires constant flow of automobiles, prioritising the vehicle circulation and the pedestrian has to be cleared from the potential dangerous zone. This takes 180 degree turn when the market is on. The vendors want pedestrians to move through the site as slow as possible constantly attracting potential customers and that is why the markets are positioned in non-linear fashion, making the visitors to continuously turn and have limited view of the market. Zooming in scale, we were able to identify the relationship between the night market and existing businesses. The key factor was business hours, banks closing before market and retail close before restaurant but still shared operating hour with the market. The market occupied the empty space in front of the banks, activating the unused space. Retail shops require clearway in front of their shop so pedestrian can move in and out freely. The market and retail shops benefit by additional potential customers moving through the site. Lastly the restaurant is able to place outdoor seating area on the car park zone, expanding their business benefiting from pedestrian flow as potential customers. In conclusion, there are much to be learnt from analysing the Taman Connaught Night Market. The layout of the market stalls need to be in irregular form to slow down the pedestrian flow enough to invite into the market stalls but still have enough room to move through. There can be coexistence between adjacent business and the night market, in fact we can observe they benefit from each other, ultimately increasing in visitor numbers and cultural value in temporary events.
Expaned Field:
Urban Environments:
Emergent Architecture:
‘Expanded Field’ is about capturing the non-tangible element within a space then portraying it in graphic representation. With ‘Expanded Field’ lens, one needs to be able to identify and analyse the spatial ephemera data, such as change of pedestrian flow and how much of the space in front of market stall is owned by the vendor.
‘Urban Environment’ is capturing tangibles and analysing how each elements play in the broad site narrative. The conventional drawings requre spatial reading skill to transform the drawing into a map of specific topic, such as observing micro/macro scale of civic environment and connecting the effects back into the analysis.
‘Emergent Architecture’ is about learning the process of a phenomena, documenting how a certain effect is occurred. Which is done so it can be applied and reproduced to different sites, as long as the parameters are similar. Another key aspect of this technique is changing the scale of aforementioned parameter values which can produce different outcomes.
The benefit of this ‘Expanded Field’ is ability to add a layer of information onto conventional maps, transforming a map into specific diagrams.
The benefit of ‘Urban Environment’ is that it portrays quantitative data into graphic representation. There are less clarity of information as observations are tangible elements.
The benefit of ‘Emergent Architecture’ is ability to apply the studied methodology into different environment to generate different outcome. The rules can be analysed and change to suit the need.
The weakness of ‘Expanded Filed’ is subjectivy, as qualitative data can be interpreted differently by people. Therefore in order for to be accurate, it needs collaboration with many people with different perspectives, to direct the information as objective as possible.
The weakness of ‘Urban Environment’ is lack of cooperation with other disciplinary, observed and mapped by architects to be shown to architects. This might narrow the nontangible effects of the analysed site.
The weakness of ‘Emergent Architecture’ is complication of process. It relies on complex technology to capture and represent the observed phenomena.
Lateral Office’s mapping of arctic animal habitats
Camillo Sitte’s mapping of irregularity in the urban site
Harold N Fisk’s mapping of Mississippi river meanders
TAMAN CONNAUGHT NIGHT MARKET: The Taman Connaught Night Market, locally known as Cheras Pasar Malam, takes place in the Cheras neighbourhood every Wednesday evening, when you can find over 700 stalls set along a twokilometre road. The longest street market in Kuala Lumpur, exploring the entire marketplace can take up to two hours as there are plenty of inexpensive clothing, accessories, books, bags, handicrafts and household items to browse through.
CARPARK (Non-Market)
BANK (Non-Market)
RETAIL (Non-Market)
RESTAURANT (Non-Market)
One way car park both sides, 90 & 60 degree angle, maximum 2 hours available. Constant circulation requires no stopping in the middle section for this circulation to flow smoothly.
Major program in Taman Connaught, 9 different national and international banks operate in this sector. These programs activates the strip during business hours but close sharp at 5pm.
Variety of retail shops, programs that are not banks nor hospitality related, operate in this zone. They are still open when the night market activates benefiting from pedestrian circulation.
Restaurants are another major program within Taman Connaught. They are open later than other two types of program but close late, benefiting customers visiting the site for banking.
CARPARK (Market)
BANK (Market)
RETAIL (Market)
RESTAURANT (Market)
The large parking space becomes floor for majority of the night market to occur. Hard no set rules on program, everywhere becomes seating, selling, walking and loitering area.
The empty space in front of banks get occupied by market stalls and re-activates the space. There is a consistency to availability of the area due to banks closing at 5pm sharp.
There are retail markets stalls during market days bringing more variety of items to this sector. Different market program creates synergy effect to the activation of site.
Because restaurants and night market are activated at the same time, restaurants expand their service onto the adjacent car parking area and create inviting atmosphere for the visitors.
CAR PARK STRIP PLAN STRIP MAP
500m E37 Highway Seremban Expressway
T JUNCTION
OVERPASS
ENTRANCE
E37 Highway
Taman Connaught Night Market is very popular among the local community for its vast array of Malaysian hawker fare.
Seremban Expressway
Highway Divider and Easement
Located along Jalan Cerdas, the Taman Connaught Night Market is held from 17:30 until midnight, the market can get pretty hot and humid here as the stalls are set up very close to each other and attract large crowds during peak hours (between 19:00 and 21:00). Wear light clothes, keep yourself hydrated and be aware of your belongings as pickpocketing is a risk in crowded areas.
Highway Divider and Easement
LEGEND Market
End of Carpark
Illegal Food Stall
Illegalley parked Vehicles blocking road
Pedestrian Path & Open Drain
Illegalley parked Vehicles
60 Degree Car Park 2 Hrs Max
Illegal Food Stall
Remaining Street Trees
Parallel Car Park 2Hrs Max
Restaurant Furniture on Street
Motorbikes in front of fast food
Illegal Food Truck
Market Stall (Food)
Start of Car Park
Market Stall (Grocery) Market Stall (Clothes) Market Stall (Accessories)
NIGHT MARKET STRIP PLAN
Food Truck Delivery Truck
500m E37 Highway Seremban Expressway
T JUNCTION
OVERPASS
Generator
ENTRANCE
E37 Highway
Seremban Expressway Non-Market
Highway Divider and Easement
Parked Car
Highway Divider and Easement
_-HI
30-__
Parked Motorbike Unofficial Standing Stall Seating and Parasol Misc Street Tree Street Light Power Pylon and Line
End of Official NIght Market
Market Stall (Food)
Power Generator
Food Truck
Supposed space for Delivery Vehicles
Market Stall (Accessories)
Supposed space for Market Stalls
Market Stall (Grocery)
Retail stores open while market is on
Acivate space in front of closed Bank
Market Stall (Clothes)
Average 2m wide path for pedestrian circulation
Restaurant Taking over carpark in front of their store
Start of Official Night Market
Unofficial Night Market
Scale 1:2000
NIGHT MARKET SETUP PROCESS Step 01:
Step 02:
Car park entrance is closed. All cars has to leave when parking meter ends.
Delivery vans come into the car park parking in allocated spots.
Step 03:
Step 04:
Market Stalls are setup, Night Market becomes active.
Ownership realm and pedestrian circulation is formed.
Scale N.T.S.
I
__-H
30-___-HI
30-___-HI
30-___-HI
30-_
30-_ I
__-H
Hong Leong Bank
Am Bank
Wasabi
T JUNCTION (CAR PARK) Scale 1:200
Restoran Coffee & Tea
V9 Snooker, Pool, Soft Darts, Lounge
Klinik Dr. Pereira
Reliance Home
Oloiya
Hong Leong Bank
Am Bank
Wasabi
NIGHT MARKET PROGRAM MAP 01 Scale 1:200
LEGEND
LEGEND
Architecture Program
Car Park
Market
Market Realm Zone
Parked Car
Market Stall (Food)
Food
Retail
Parked Motorbike
Market Stall (Grocery)
Grocery
Restaurant
Unofficial Standing Stall
Market Stall (Clothes)
Clothes
Seating and Parasol
Market Stall (Accessories)
Accessories
Market Realm Zone
Food Truck
Food
Delivery Truck
Architecture Program
Generator
Restaurant
Bank _-HI
30-__
Restoran Coffee & Tea
V9 Snooker, Pool, Soft Darts, Lounge
Klinik Dr. Pereira
Reliance Home
I
__-H
30-___-HI
30-___-HI
30-___-HI
30-_
30-_ I
__-H
Hong Leong Bank
Am Bank
Wasabi
CAR PARK CIRCULATION MAP 01 Scale 1:200
Restoran Coffee & Tea
V9 Snooker, Pool, Soft Darts, Lounge
Klinik Dr. Pereira
Reliance Home
Oloiya
Hong Leong Bank
Am Bank
NIGHT MARKET CIRCULATION MAP 01 Scale 1:200
Circulation
Car Park
Market Program
Market
Parked Car
Pedestrian
Market Stall
Vehicle
Parked Motorbike
Misc
Food Truck
Market Realm Zone
Unofficial Standing Stall
Illegally Parked Cars
Delivery Truck
Food
Seating and Parasol
Pedestrian
Wasabi
_-HI
30-__
_-HI
Generator
30-__
_-HI
30-__
Restoran Coffee & Tea
V9 Snooker, Pool, Soft Darts, Lounge
Klinik Dr. Pereira
Reliance Home
Seremban Expressway
OVERPASS
OVERPASS
E37 Highway
E37 Highway
Seremban Expressway
Easement
Easement
__-H
__-H
I
I
30-_
30-_
I
__-H
30-_ -HI ___
30-
Oloiya
Dr. Pereira
Leaf & Bean
Urut Tahi
CAR PARK PROGRAM MAP 02 Scale 1:200 LEGEND
HSBC
Hoong Kong Letrik
First Nail
Seven Eleven
Public Bank
Cimb Bank
Oloiya Dr. Pereira
Leaf & Bean
Urut Tahi
NIGHT MARKET PROGRAM MAP 02 Scale 1:200 LEGEND
Architecture Program
Car Park
Market
Market Realm Zone
Parked Car
Market Stall (Food)
Food
Retail
Parked Motorbike
Market Stall (Grocery)
Grocery
Restaurant
Unofficial Standing Stall
Market Stall (Clothes)
Clothes
Seating and Parasol
Market Stall (Accessories)
Accessories
Market Realm Zone
Food Truck
Food
Delivery Truck
Architecture Program
Generator
Restaurant
Bank _-HI
30-__
HSBC
Hoong Kong Letrik
First Nail
Seven Eleven
Public Bank
Cimb Bank
Seremban Expressway
OVERPASS
OVERPASS
E37 Highway
E37 Highway
Seremban Expressway
Easement
Easement
__-H
__-H
I
I
30-_
30-_
I
__-H
30-_ -HI ___
30-
Oloiya
Dr. Pereira
Leaf & Bean
Urut Tahi
CAR PARK CIRCULATION MAP 02 Scale 1:200 LEGEND
HSBC
Hoong Kong Letrik
First Nail
Seven Eleven
Public Bank
Cimb Bank
Oloiya Dr. Pereira
Leaf & Bean
NIGHT MARKET CIRCULATION MAP 02 Scale 1:200 LEGEND
Circulation
Car Park
Market Program
Market
Parked Car
Pedestrian
Market Stall
Vehicle
Parked Motorbike
Misc
Food Truck
Market Realm Zone
Unofficial Standing Stall
Illegally Parked Cars
Delivery Truck
Food
Seating and Parasol
Pedestrian
Urut Tahi
_-HI
30-__
_-HI
Generator
30-__
_-HI
30-__
HSBC
Hoong Kong Letrik
First Nail
Seven Eleven
Public Bank
Cimb Bank
I
__-H
I
30-_
__-H
30-_
I
__-H
30-_ -HI
___
30-
Style Laser Audio
Public Bank
Cimb Bank
CAR PARK PROGRAM MAP 03 Scale 1:200
Terimee
Kedai Kopi Dan Makan Seong Kee
Pro-Ktv
Guardian
Klinik Lee
Style Laser Audio
Public Bank
Cimb Bank
NIGHT MARKET PROGRAM MAP 03 Scale 1:200
LEGEND
LEGEND
Architecture Program
Car Park
Market
Market Realm Zone
Parked Car
Market Stall (Food)
Food
Retail
Parked Motorbike
Market Stall (Grocery)
Grocery
Restaurant
Unofficial Standing Stall
Market Stall (Clothes)
Clothes
Seating and Parasol
Market Stall (Accessories)
Accessories
Market Realm Zone
Food Truck
Food
Delivery Truck
Architecture Program
Generator
Restaurant
Bank _-HI
30-__
Terimee
Kedai Kopi Dan Makan Seong Kee
Pro-Ktv
Guardian
Klinik Lee
I
__-H
I
30-_
__-H
30-_
I
__-H
30-_ -HI
___
30-
Style Laser Audio
Public Bank
Cimb Bank
CAR PARK CIRCULATION MAP 03 Scale 1:200
Terimee
Kedai Kopi Dan Makan Seong Kee
Pro-Ktv
Guardian
Klinik Lee
Style Laser Audio
Public Bank
Cimb Bank
NIGHT MARKET CIRCULATION MAP 03 Scale 1:200
LEGEND
LEGEND
Circulation
Car Park
Market Program
Market
Parked Car
Pedestrian
Market Stall
Vehicle
Parked Motorbike
Misc
Food Truck
Market Realm Zone
Unofficial Standing Stall
Illegally Parked Cars
Delivery Truck
Food
Seating and Parasol
Pedestrian _-HI
30-__
_-HI
Generator
30-__
_-HI
30-__
Terimee
Kedai Kopi Dan Makan Seong Kee
Pro-Ktv
Guardian
Klinik Lee
DETAIL ANALYSIS ZONE
HSBC
KEDAI MAKANAN WOH KEI
URUT THAI MASSAGE
DR. PEREIRA MEDICAL CLINIC
LEAF & BEAN CAFE
E37 Highway
OLOIYA
V9 SNOOKER, POOL, SOFT DARTS, LOUNGE
HONG LEONG BANK
WASABI
RESTORAN COFFEE & TEA
AM BANK
Seremban Expressway
VIVALEC ELECTRICAL
WING HEONG FOOD
FOOK WEI NOODLE
BUILDING TYPOLOGIES
24
18
6
Bank is open during daytime require temporary parking spaces for clients but the front deactivates when closed, which becomes activated by the night market.
12
OPERATING HOURS: 09:00-17:00
24
18
6
Retail is open during the night market time but close before the market finish. Require temporary car park for visitors to enter and leave. Internal light and clear pedestrian path helps during night market time.
12
OPERATING HOURS: 10:00-20:00
24
18
6
12
Restaurant is open in the afternoon and close when the night market closes, using the open space during the night market to expand the business. OPERATING HOURS: 12:00-24:00
IMAGE
AXONOMETRIC
CARPARK
NIGHT MARKET
VIVALEC ELECTRICAL
Scale 1:400
VIVALEC ELECTRICAL
Scale 1:400
HONG LEONG BANK
HONG LEONG BANK
AM BANK
AM BANK
WASABI
WASABI
RESTORAN COFFEE & TEA
RESTORAN COFFEE & TEA
V9 SNOOKER, POOL, SOFT DARTS, LOUNGE
V9 SNOOKER, POOL, SOFT DARTS, LOUNGE
OLOIYA
OLOIYA
DR. PEREIRA MEDICAL CLINIC
Constant circulation requires no stopping in the middle section for this circulation to flow smoothly.
LEGEND
DR. PEREIRA MEDICAL CLINIC
Hard no set rules on program, everywhere becomes seating, selling, walking and loitering area.
Zone Car Park
LEGEND
Architecture Program
One way car park both sides, 90 & 60 degree angle, maximum 2 hours available.
Bank
Bank
Retail
Retail
Restaurant
Restaurant
Non-Market _-HI
30-__
Architecture Program
Parked Car Parked Motorbike
Illegally parked cars due to lack of car park space in the area, pdestrians walking on edge of highway
Market _-HI
30-__
Market Stall Food Truck / Pickup Truck Seat & Parasol
Benefit: Restaurant & Market
Benefit: Restaurant
Benefit: Bank
Market setting up in front of closed bank and outdoor seating in front of restaurant create synergy effect, by extending the flow of pedestrian movement seamlessly.
Restaurant claiming the adjacent space as outdoor seating Corner bank has large open space in front used as private area, expanding the business, creating interactive people car park but is given to the night market to augment the scaled space instead of potentially dangerous car park. culture of pedestrian flow.
Clash: Retail
Clash: Restaurant
Clash: Accessibility
Space in front of retail stores blocked by pickup vans and generators, which may harm the retail stores, creating tension between owners and night market vendors.
Night market and pickup vans occupy the car park before the restaurant, removing the potential increase in sale of restaurant.
Due to lack of car parking space when the night market is on, people park their cars on the emergency stopping edge of highway and walking adjacent to heavy traffic.
Easement
Easement
Market
Outdoor Seating
Clearway
Retail
Clearway
Bank
Bank
Restaurant
Adaptability Diagram: N.T.S. Night Market occupying inactive space in front of Bank Restaurant taking over car parking space adjacent to store as outdoor seating area Clearway required on pedestrian pathway adjacent to retail store
Restaurant
Retail
Restaurant
Retail
BANK - NIGHT MARKET RELATIONSHIP: The occupancy of spaces during the night changes. The bank is closed and so the walkway becomes a sitting area for customers to eat, car park way is filled with delivery vans / market shops and the easement becomes the walkway.
24
18
Bank Opening Hours 6
Night Market Opening Hours
12
Diagrammatic Section NTS
The empty space in front of banks get occupied by market stalls and re-activates the space.
Variety of banks activates Taman Connaught during business hours but close sharp at 5pm.
Bank
Walkway
Car Park
Easement
Car Park
Bank
Seating
Delivery Van
Walkway
Market
Market Activating Empty Space Night Market Off
Night Market On
Ma
rke
Bank Axonometric 1:200
tA
cti
va
tin
gE
mp
ty
Sp
ac
e
RETAIL - NIGHT MARKET RELATIONSHIP: Shop co exists with the ongoing night market, the walkway is retained for customers to get into the shops. car parks and easement becomes a place for vendors to set up on.
24
18
Retail Opening Hours 6
Night Market Opening Hours
12
Diagrammatic Section NTS
There are retail markets stalls during market days bringing more variety of items to this sector.
Retail stores require view from car parking area. Clear accessability in front is required.
Retail
Walkway
Delivery Parking
Easement
Car Park
Retail
Retail Open
Market Van
Clearway
Walkway
Market
Market up to Pathway
ay
arw
Night Market Off
Cle
Night Market On
Retail Axonometric 1:200
RESTAURANT - NIGHT MARKET RELATIONSHIP: Restaurants operates when the night market is on. They take the opportunity to spur their sittings out to the road and carpark just before the easement. The Easement then becomes the walkway while the other side of the car park becomes the vendors stalls for night market.
24
18
Restaurant Opening Hours 6
Night Market Opening Hours
12
Diagrammatic Section NTS Restaurants expand their service onto the adjacent space, creating inviting atmosphere for the visitors.
Restaurants open late and close late, benefiting customers visiting the site for banking.
Restaurant
Extension
Delivery Bikes
Easement
Car Park
Restaurant
Extension
Walkway
Market
Restaurant Expanding Night Market Off
Re
sta
Night Market On
Restaurant Axonometric 1:200
ura
nt
Ex
pa
nd
ing
https://theculturetrip.com/asia/malaysia/articles/a-travellers-guide-to-taman-connaught-market-kuala-lumpur/ http://www.kuala-lumpur.ws/magazine/taman-connaught-night-market.htm https://theculturetrip.com/asia/malaysia/articles/the-best-street-food-to-try-at-kls-taman-connaught-market/ https://thesmartlocal.com/my/hawker-centres/2178-taman-connaught-night-market-pasar-malam https://www.timeout.com/kuala-lumpur/shops/taman-connaught-night-market http://www.malaysianflavours.com/2016/06/cheras-pasar-malam-taman-connaught-kl.html https://www.travelvui.com/malaysia/kuala-lumpur/taman-connaught-night-market/ Pictures taken by : YCKHONG & ASSOCIATES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
MALAYSIA 1:20000000 WATER BODY ROAD NETWORK PARKLAND
KUALA LUMPUR 1:1000000 WATER BODY ROAD NETWORK PARKLAND
TAMAN CONNAUGHT 1:3500 NIGHT MARKET ZONE
I
__-H
30-___-HI
30-___-HI
30-_
Alliance Bank
Nelly Curry House
Power Optics
Standard My Home Chartered Hotel
RHB Bank
CAR PARK PROGRAM MAP A1 Scale 1:200
Alliance Bank
Nelly Curry House
Power Optics
Standard My Home Chartered Hotel
RHB Bank
NIGHT MARKET PROGRAM MAP A1 Scale 1:200
LEGEND
LEGEND
Architecture Program
Non-Market
Market
Market Realm Zone
Parked Car
Market Stall (Food)
Food
Retail
Parked Motorbike
Market Stall (Grocery)
Grocery
Restaurant
Unofficial Standing Stall
Market Stall (Clothes)
Clothes
Seating and Parasol
Market Stall (Accessories)
Accessories
Bank _-HI
30-__
Food Truck Delivery Truck
Architecture Program
Generator
Restaurant
I
__-H
30-___-HI
30-___-HI
30-_
CAR PARK CIRCULATION MAP A1 Scale 1:200
NIGHT MARKET CIRCULATION MAP A1 Scale 1:200
LEGEND
LEGEND
Circulation
Car Park
Market Program
Market
Parked Car
Pedestrian
Market Stall
Vehicle
Parked Motorbike
Misc
Food Truck
Market Realm Zone
Unofficial Standing Stall
Illegally Parked Cars
Delivery Truck
Food
Seating and Parasol
Pedestrian _-HI
30-__
_-HI
Generator
30-__
_-HI
30-__
I
__-H
30-___-HI
30-___-HI
30-___-HI
30-___-HI
30-_
Style Laser Audio
My Home Hotel
Hong Leong Bank
Standard Chartered
CAR PARK PROGRAM MAP A2 Scale 1:200
Yin He Restaurant
30-___-HI
Klinik Pakar Wanita
Vacant
Fook Wei Noodle Enterprise
Vivalec Electrical Solution
Style Laser Audio
My Home Hotel
Hong Leong Bank
Standard Chartered
NIGHT MARKET PROGRAM MAP A2 Scale 1:200
LEGEND
LEGEND
Architecture Program
Car Park
Market
Market Realm Zone
Parked Car
Market Stall (Food)
Food
Retail
Parked Motorbike
Market Stall (Grocery)
Grocery
Restaurant
Unofficial Standing Stall
Market Stall (Clothes)
Clothes
Seating and Parasol
Market Stall (Accessories)
Accessories
Market Realm Zone
Food Truck
Food
Delivery Truck
Architecture Program
Generator
Restaurant
Bank _-HI
30-__
Yin He Restaurant
Klinik Pakar Wanita
Vacant
Fook Wei Noodle Enterprise
Vivalec Electrical Solution
I
__-H
30-___-HI
30-___-HI
30-___-HI
30-___-HI
30-_
Style Laser Audio
My Home Hotel
Hong Leong Bank
Standard Chartered
CAR PARK CIRCULATION MAP A2 Scale 1:200
Yin He Restaurant
30-___-HI
Klinik Pakar Wanita
Vacant
Fook Wei Noodle Enterprise
Vivalec Electrical Solution
Style Laser Audio
My Home Hotel
Hong Leong Bank
Standard Chartered
NIGHT MARKET CIRCULATION MAP A2 Scale 1:200
LEGEND
LEGEND
Circulation
Car Park
Market Program
Market
Parked Car
Pedestrian
Market Stall
Vehicle
Parked Motorbike
Misc
Food Truck
Market Realm Zone
Unofficial Standing Stall
Illegally Parked Cars
Delivery Truck
Food
Seating and Parasol
Pedestrian _-HI
30-__
_-HI
Generator
30-__
_-HI
30-__
Yin He Restaurant
Klinik Pakar Wanita
Vacant
Fook Wei Noodle Enterprise
Vivalec Electrical Solution
I
__-H
30-_
I
__-H
30-_
I
__-H
30-_
I
I
__-H
I
__-H
30-_
I
__-H
City Bank
Jireh Design
Papa John’s
30-_
__-H
30-_
30-_
Restoran Gui Lin
Farmasi Better Care
I Motel
CAR PARK PROGRAM MAP A3
Klinik Pakar Dialisis
KFC
Eu Yan Sang
City Bank
Jireh Design
Papa John’s
NIGHT MARKET PROGRAM MAP A3
Scale 1:200
Scale 1:200
LEGEND
LEGEND
Architecture Program
Car Park
Market
Market Realm Zone
Parked Car
Market Stall (Food)
Food
Retail
Parked Motorbike
Market Stall (Grocery)
Grocery
Restaurant
Unofficial Standing Stall
Market Stall (Clothes)
Clothes
Seating and Parasol
Market Stall (Accessories)
Accessories
Market Realm Zone
Food Truck
Bank _-HI
30-__
Food
I
__-H
30-_
Delivery Truck
Architecture Program
Generator
Restaurant
Restoran Gui Lin
Farmasi Better Care
I Motel
Klinik Pakar Dialisis
KFC
Eu Yan Sang
__-H
__-H
I
30-_
I
30-_
I
__-H
30-_
I
__-H
I
__-H
30-_
__-H
__-H
30-_
City Bank
Jireh Design
Papa John’s
I
I
30-_
30-_
Restoran Gui Lin
Farmasi Better Care
I Motel
CAR PARK CIRCULATION MAP A3
Klinik Pakar Dialisis
KFC
Eu Yan Sang
City Bank
Jireh Design
Papa John’s
NIGHT MARKET CIRCULATION MAP A3
Scale 1:200
Scale 1:200
LEGEND
LEGEND
Circulation
Car Park
Market Program
Market
Parked Car
Pedestrian
Market Stall
Vehicle
Parked Motorbike
Misc
Food Truck
Market Realm Zone
Unofficial Standing Stall
Illegally Parked Cars
Delivery Truck
Food
Seating and Parasol
Pedestrian _-HI
30-__
_-HI
Generator
30-__
I
__-H
30-_
_-HI
30-__
Restoran Gui Lin
Farmasi Better Care
I Motel
Klinik Pakar Dialisis
KFC
Eu Yan Sang
30-___-HI
Klinik Pakar Dialisis
Restoran Gafan
Le Sound Poliklinik Leong Dan Ho
CAR PARK PROGRAM MAP A4 Scale 1:200
V Lite Mini Mart
RHB Bank
May Bank
OCBC
Klinik Pakar Dialisis
Restoran Gafan
Le Sound Poliklinik Leong Dan Ho
NIGHT MARKET PROGRAM MAP A4 Scale 1:200
LEGEND
LEGEND
Architecture Program
Car Park
Market
Market Realm Zone
Parked Car
Market Stall (Food)
Food
Retail
Parked Motorbike
Market Stall (Grocery)
Grocery
Restaurant
Unofficial Standing Stall
Market Stall (Clothes)
Clothes
Seating and Parasol
Market Stall (Accessories)
Accessories
Market Realm Zone
Food Truck
Food
Delivery Truck
Architecture Program
Generator
Restaurant
Bank _-HI
30-__
V Lite Mini Mart
RHB Bank
May Bank
OCBC
30-___-HI
Klinik Pakar Dialisis
Restoran Gafan
Le Sound Poliklinik Leong Dan Ho
CAR PARK CIRCULATION MAP A4 Scale 1:200
V Lite Mini Mart
RHB Bank
May Bank
OCBC
Klinik Pakar Dialisis
Restoran Gafan
Le Sound Poliklinik Leong Dan Ho
NIGHT MARKET CIRCULATION MAP A4 Scale 1:200
LEGEND
LEGEND
Circulation
Car Park
Market Program
Market
Parked Car
Pedestrian
Market Stall
Vehicle
Parked Motorbike
Misc
Food Truck
Market Realm Zone
Unofficial Standing Stall
Illegally Parked Cars
Delivery Truck
Food
Seating and Parasol
Pedestrian _-HI
30-__
_-HI
Generator
30-__
_-HI
30-__
V Lite Mini Mart
RHB Bank
May Bank
OCBC
ASSESSMENT TASK 3: DESIGN STRATEGY
BRICK CAVE by H&P Architects
TITLE CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ISSUE IDENTIFICATION CONTEXT COMPOSITION VIEWS AND VENTILATION PATHS PROGRAM OVERALL DIAGRAM MEMBRANE NATURE BARRIER LIVING CELL VEGETATION MATERIAL HEM SECTION DIAGRAM SECTION CUTS KIT OF PARTS SECTION 01A: INVITING SUNLIGHT SECTION 01B: STRUCTURAL SECTION 02A: POROSITY / BARRIER SECTION 02B: POROSITY SECTION 03A: STAIRCASE SECTION 03B: SKYLIGHT SECTION 04A: PRIVACY / OPENPLAN SECTION 04B: ZONING KEY MOMENTS KEY MOMENT 01: HEM SPACE 01 KEY MOMENT 02: HEM SPACE 02 KEY MOMENT 03: GROUND FLOOR KEY MOMENT 04: HIT-AND-MISS BRICK 01 KEY MOMENT 05: HIT-AND-MISS BRICK 02 ASSESSMENT LINEAGE SCALE PROJECT REVIEW
CONTENTS
BRICK CAVE BY H&P ARCHITECTS, SHOWING THE FORMAL/MATERIAL CONTRAST WITH SURROUNDING BUILDINGS
INTRODUCTION
BRICK CAVE BY H&P ARCHITECTS The city of Hanoi’s rural area is urbanising rapidly from clusters of suburban villages into concrete towns. The Brick Cave stands as a protest against western modernity by becoming an exemplar precedent of contextualism. The power of design is shown by understanding the contextual elements and benefiting from the existing condition. The vernaculars contrast the surrounding stock development typologies, for example: • Brick, familiar material widely used throughout Vietnam with a simple manual construction method, instead of pre-cast concrete • Organic natural shape rather than standardised symmetrical form, western modernity’s characteristic • Alternating greens throughout the building instead of patch of garden outside the house • Bringing the Vietnamese street language of ‘Hems’ into the house and not only on ground floor
BRICK CAVE SHAPES A PLACE SIMILAR TO THE NATURAL ENVIRONEMTN IN AN ARTIFICIAL MANNER
The key design feature of this house is the two layered brick walls, acting like a filter membrane, denying the adverse aspects of the external environment (sunshine from the west, dust, noise etc.) and allowing penetration of desirable nature (light, rain, wind) into the space. This membrane is built at an angle to activate ‘users in various corners inside the house and sense time and weather though shadow and air.’ The hit-andmiss brick layering technique creates openings and closing in spectrum, which diversify the spatial relationship with the surroundings. This blurs the boundaries between in and out, houses and streets, human and nature. The project is not trying to reach for sustainability by replicating nature, the use of cave typology and incorporating vegetation into the design. Its philosophy is that Brick Cave shapes a place similar to the natural environment in an artificial manner. Ultimately, the Brick House fits into the context of typical tropical monsoon climate of North Vietnam, either raining or sunshine, mostly humid and hot climate. It portrays that there are different method of urbanising than typical concrete tube houses where nature is separated with dwelling and lack of ventilation which is critical in North Vietnamese climate.
ISSUE IDENTIFICATION
OPEN PLAN ON GROUNDFLOOR BENEFITING FROM THE POROUS FACADE SYSTEM
LONG ELEVATION SHOWING CONTRAST IN MATERIAL/FORM BETWEEN SURROUNDING BUILDING AND BRICK CAVE
CONTEXT MAPPING
5 5 6
6
7
7
2
3 2
1
1 3
1. Full Brick Band
N
N
4
2. Hit and Miss
CAVE HOUSE COMPOSITION
3. Trellis
4. Main Door
5. Staircase
6. Rooftop Garden
7. Skylight
N
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
0 1 2 3 4 5m
LEGEND VIEWS VENTILATION
VIEWS AND VENTILATION PATHS
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
THIRD FLOOR PLAN
ROOFTOP GARDEN FOR COMMUNAL SPACE
GROUND FLOOR AS OPENPLAN FOR POROUS TERRAIN
TRANSPARENT PANEL ON ROOF FOR SKYLIGHT
PRIVATE ROOMS
HEM SPACE IS CREATED BECAUSE OF DOUBLE LAYER OF WALLS
SERVICE CAVITY HIT AND MISS BRICK LAYERING TECHNIQUE TO ALLOW ELEMENTS TO PENETRATE THROUGH
ANGLED BRICK BAND FOLLOWING SURROUNDING CONDITION
HEM SPACE IS CREATED BECAUSE OF DOUBLE LAYER OF WALLS 0.5M
SEMI INTERNAL BALCONY
1.5M
REFLECTIVE MATERIAL NON-REFLECTIVE MATERIAL
2.8M
8.1M
N
0.5M 2.8M
EXPLODED AXO BY H&P ARCHITECTS
1:50 LEGEND
0.2M
MEMBRANE LAYER
10M
LIVING CELL
MATERIAL 3M
HEM
COMMUNAL
CAVE HOUSE PROGRAM
1M
OVERALL ANALYSIS
MEMBRANE Brick Cave is composed of two layers of faรงades, outer membrane and inner enclosed walls. Both are constructed with two types of bricks, sourced from local brick factory, and there are three wall types. The main construction technique used on the membrane is hit-and-miss brick wall. This creates holes where natural environment can penetrate trough. The humidity level in Vietnam is extreme and there needs to be continuous ventilation and this system allows cross ventilation to occur throughout the building. The inner living cell has similar amount of opening but it is sealed with glass, curtain wall or window.
3 TYPES OF WALL SYSTEM ACROSS THE WHOLE PROJECT
ONLY TWO TYPES OF BRICK ARE USED: 210 x 210 & 210 x 110
WALL TYPE 3
VERNACULAR CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM
OUTER LAYER PERMEABLE INNER LAYER ENCLOSED
Ultimately this system provides overall shelter yet be porous enough to bring good elements in and bad elements out. Shaun Lim
ANGLED BRICK BAND FOLLOWING SURROUNDING CONDITION HIT AND MISS BRICK FACADE FOR POROSITY
1:50 LEGEND MEMBRANE LAYER
MEMBRANE
SUNLIGHT Brick Cave minimise on artificial light inside the dwelling. To mitigate this, the project maximise on harnessing natural light into the building. The membrane’s hit-and-miss wall system provides enough openings for light to penetrate through the wall and into the house. These lights are reflected by glossy floor materials, polished stone to ground floor and laminated timber on level one, further illuminating the rooms. Brick Cave has transparent skylight to the roof, between membrane layer and living cell layer, it is narrow but it allows sunlight to penetrate through for most of the day time due to Vietnam’s latitude.
SUNLIGHT THROUGH SKYLIGHT POSSIBLE DUE TO VIETNAM’S LATITUDE
SUNLIGHT REFLECT FLOOR MATERIAL SUNLIGHT THROUGH HIT-AND-MISS BRICK
1:50 LEGEND MEMBRANE LAYER SUNLIGHT PENETRATION
NATURE
RAIN The extreme humidity level in Vietnam is due to amount of rain it gets throughout the year, especially during monsoon season. Vietnam’s western modernity has made this problem worse by following European attitude of simply not allowing water to seep into the dwelling.
GRADIENT GLASS CEILING ABOVE KITCHEN TO DRAIN WATER
RAINWATER FOR ROOFTOP GARDEN
Brick Cave also blocks the roof with the aforementioned transparent roof system but allows water to penetrate through the hit-andmiss brick façade. The living cell is enclosed and sealed thus water wouldn’t be seeping into the bedrooms but allowing rain inside the building envelope helps the dwelling to cool down from the hot summer, which Vietnamese vernacular does. RAINWATER THROUGH HIT-AND-MISS BRICK
GRADIANT FLOOR TO DRAIN WATER OUTSIDE
1:50 LEGEND MEMBRANE LAYER RAINWATER PENETRATION
NATURE
VENTILATION Like aforementioned, it is vital to ventilate the dwellings in Vietnam, and the western modernity’s emphasis on concrete boxes does not allow air to cross ventilate the house. As result, many concrete dwellings develop moss and bacteria. Brick Cave mitigate this again with the membrane façade layer. Everyone wants to have large window to allow wind to cross ventilate their dwelling but do not want to be exposed to the public. Brick Cave’s membrane layer visually shelters the living cell thus allowing it to incorporate large full height windows and openings. The ground floor maximises the cross ventilation and benefit the most because of kitchen area. There are no solid walls in ground floor thus any wind coming into this floor can cool the area and leave by any of the hit-and-miss brick holes. Private rooms on the level above has the full height windows in order to ventilate the room.
1:50 LEGEND MEMBRANE LAYER VENTILATION
NATURE
WINDOW ON KITCHEN WALL FOR DIRECT VENTILATION
CROSS VENTILATION ON GROUNDFLOOR
ENCLOSED ROOM CIRCULATING VENTILATION AIR PENETRATION THROUGH HIT-ANDMISS BRICK WALL
FILTER Other than allowing natural elements (sunlight/ wind/rain) inside, the membrane also acts as a filter blocking the undesirable elements out of the dwelling such as noise, dust and sunlight from the west. The rapid urbanisation of the town means there are constant construction occurring around the area. This activity might not occur during night time but throughout the day there are heavy machinery producing noise pollution which gets deflected by the membrane layer, and softened by the greenery. Bus and scooters are the main mode of transportation in Vietnam and these also produce much dust and noise pollution. The brick blocks the soundwave and the dust penetrated though the hit-and-miss wall can be ventilated out in the same manner and have no damage to the living cell if the doors are closed.
1:50 LEGEND MEMBRANE LAYER
DUST
BARRIER
NOISE WESTERN SUNLIGHT
BARRIOER
WEEKLY BASES: RAPID URBANISATION REQUIRE HEAVY MACHINES
HOURLY BASES: BUS CREATING NOISE AND DUST REGULARLY
LESS THAN HOURLY BASES: MOST COMMON MODE OF TRANSPORTATION.
NOISE DEFLICTION
DUST CLEANED WITH VENTILATION
OPENPLAN/PRIVACY/COMMUNAL The living cell lies behind the membrane layer. This area is where the dwellers live, differentiating private and public space. The way Brick Cave is laid out is that the ground floor is open planned, to suit the client’s need and flexible to retrofit the future. The key design in this level is the kitchen and dining area adjacent to the façade, in the Hem Zone mentioned later, it benefits from the direct sunlight above rather than having down lights and reflected lights. Level one is where all the private quarters are, thus there are many walls. However, there are no place where the two bedrooms share the same wall, isolating the noise made inside the room to remain. The private rooms and ground floor is connected through the Hem space via the balcony.
1:50 LEGEND LIVING CELL
LIVING CELL
LEVEL 01: PRIVATE ROOMS GROUND FLOOR: OPEN PLAN
REFLECTIVE/NON-REFLECTIVE The key material designed in Brick Cave are in floors. There are two typologies in floor materials, reflective and non-reflective, these are used to create contrasting atmospheres. The reflective, polished stones and laminated timbers, are used to reflect sunlight and illuminate the dwelling. It also creates private, almost luxurious atmosphere. The brick floor is used in the Hem zone. The same material as the faรงade gives the atmosphere of public to the space. The non-reflectiveness of the brick allows it to be more approachable.
POLISHED STONE
BRICK FLOOR
REFLECTIVE FLOOR: LAMINATED TIMBER TO SPREAD SUNLIGHT INSIDE REFLECTIVE FLOOR: POLISHED STONE TO SPREAD SUNLIGHT INSIDE BRICK FLOOR HOMONOGISING MATERIAL WITH FACADE
1:50 LEGEND REFLECTIVE MATERIAL NON-REFLECTIVE MATERIAL
MATERIAL
‘AGRETECTURE’ The difference between the concrete tube housing and Brick Cave is the ability to have large trees and vegetation inside and on top of the dwelling. All the porosity enables plants to grow instead of slowly dying. Brick Cave maximises on this phenomena and fills the interior space with vegetation which is not only for visual aesthetics but also functional. Rooftop garden is a small patch of raised planter that the client use to grow vegetables. The rooftop garden gets its water from the rain water and the interior plants is watered with the rain water that penetrate through the hitand-miss brick façade.
ROOFTOP GARDEN BENEFITING FROM RAINWATER VEGETABLE GARDEN ON ROOFTOP FOR COMMUNAL ACTIVITY INDOOR PLANTING IN PLANTING POTS, WHERE DEEP SOIL IS UNAVALIABLE INDOOR PLANTING IN DEEP SOIL BENEFITING FROM HIT-AND-MISS BRICK’S POROSITY
1:50 LEGEND ROOFTOP GARDEN INDOOR PLANTING
VEGETATION
BLURING THE BOUNDARY The space in between the membrane façade and the living cell is called Hem, which is common vague space used throughout Vietnam. The difference between common Hem space and Brick Cave’s Hem space is that this in between space is brought inside the building envelope. This means it is not to connect outside space and inside space but rather to create a street atmosphere within the building envelope. This space is made of brick floor which contrasts the polished materials inside. From the balconies, you can view the hem and parts of the living room downstairs. This hem typology allows vertical communication reducing the emphasis on stairs.
HEM SPACE BLURING THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN PRIVATE ROOMS AND COMMON ROOMS
SKYLIGHT FOR STREET ATMOSPHERE OUTDOOR BALCONY IN SEMI INTERIOR ZONE BLURING THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN INSIDE AND OUTSIDE IN-BETWEEN SPACE GENERATED BY LAYERED WALLS BRICK MATERIAL FOR STREET ATMOSPHERE
1:50 LEGEND IN BETWEEN SPACE
HEM
SECTION ANALYSIS
GROUND FLOOR 1
2 5
4
3
OPEN PLAN
HEM
INSIDE
OUT SIDE
OPEN PLAN
HEM
OUT SIDE
OPEN PLAN
HEM
OUT SIDE
OPEN PLAN
HEM
OUT SIDE
OPEN PLAN
OUT SIDE
HEM
OUTSIDE
1. STRUCTURAL
2. UTILITY (T.V)
3. POROSITY
4. ENTRY
5. SUNLIGHT
LEVEL 01
3 4
5
1
2
LEGEND SOLID WALL
PRIVATE ROOM
HEM
OUT SIDE
PRIVATE ROOM
HEM
OUT SIDE
PRIVATE ROOM
HEM
OUT SIDE
CORRIDOR
HEM
OUT SIDE
PRIVATE ROOM
CORRIDOR
PRIVATE ROOM
HIT-AND-MISS WALL TRELLIS OPENING
KIT OF PARTS
1. STRUCTURAL
2. POROSITY
3. DIM SUNLIGHT
4. COMMON OPEN SPACE
5. PRIVACY
3A
3A
2A
3B
4B
3A
2A
3B
2B 4B
4A
2B 4B
4A 1A
1B
2A
3B
2B
4A 1A
1B
1A
1B
PLAN DRAWINGS BY H&P ARCHITECTS
SECTION CUTS
N
INVITING SUNLIGHT The porous façade allows sunlight to penetrate through the building at multiple angles and the reflective floor materials, polished stone and laminated timber, spreads the light across the room. Due to Vietnam’s latitude, close to the equator, the sunlight shines from above more than in Australia thus the project benefits from narrow skylight on the roof. 1A
SKYLIGHT PENETRATION THROUGH TRANSPARENT CEILING
1A
1A
NO SKYLIGHT
HIT-AND-MISS BRICK FACADE FOR LIGHT PENETRATION
SUNLIGHT REFLECTING ON LAMINATED TIMBER TO ILLUMINATE ROOM
GLASS WALL TO ENCLOSE LIVING CELL
1:50
SECTION 01 A
LOAD BEARING WALLS
CURTAIN WALL TO ALLOW SUNLIGHT PENETRATION STAIRCASE FOR VERTICAL CIRCULATION HIDDEN AT THE BACK OF THE HOUSE
N
STRUCTURAL The outer membrane faรงade is not a load bearing wall thus it can be as porous as needed. However, in order to not incorporate any columns inside the private rooms, the boundary wall of the living sell needs to be reinforced. Staircase and kitchen space is located on the strongest wall towards back. Load from the blade wall on the first level is transported down to the column on ground floor.
1B
1B
1B
HIT-AND-MISS BRICK FACADE ON NONLOADBEARING WALL STAIRS ON STRUCTURAL WALL COLLUMN FOR MINIMALISING SOLID WALL ON GROUND FLOOR STRUCTURAL WALL
1:50
SECTION 01 B
The obvious material used throughout the project is brick. Simple, common and familiar building material for the Vietnamese is wrapped around the building creating homogenous atmosphere. The brick paving system in the Hem zone indicates it’s a public zone whereas the polished materials indicate more private realm. The reflectivity also is purposely used to illuminate the interior.
BRICK BAND TO FOLLOW ADJACENT BUILDING LANGUAGE HIT-AND-MISS BRICK FACADE FOR POROSITY
BRICK FLOOR AT HEM SPACE FOR STREET ATMOSPHERE
1:50
SECTION 02 A
N
MATERIALITY
2A
2A
2A
SUNLIGHT REFLECTING ON LAMINATED TIMBER TO ILLUMINATE ROOM BRICK FLOOR AT BALCONY FOR STREET ATMOSPHERE
SUNLIGHT REFLECTING ON POLISHED FLOOR TO ILLUMINATE ROOM
N
POROSITY The outer layer is composed of brick band and hit-and-miss system, creating extreme porosity though the faรงade. However, the living cell is enclosed by using glass on exposed walls. This creates the atmosphere of complete fluidity but it is actually regulated and filtered, allowing beneficial element to penetrate through and keeping the harm outside. 2B
SUNLIGHT REFLECTING ON LAMINATED TIMBER TO ILLUMINATE ROOM
2B
2B
SUNLIGHT REFLECTING ON LAMINATED TIMBER TO ILLUMINATE ROOM
GLASS CEILING TO PREVENT WATER SEEPAGE POROUS TERRAIN TO GROUND FLOOR BY LIMITING SOLID WALLS WINDOW FOR DIRECT VENTILATION
1:50
SECTION 02 B
SUNLIGHT THROUGH HIT-AND-MISS BRICK WALL TO ILLUMINATE GROUND FLOOR
N
STAIRCASE The vertical circulation is tucked away towards back because it is not vital design element in Brick Cave project. There are balconies in every private rooms thus there are always connection between upper floor and ground floor. The faรงade in front of the staircase is made of curtain wall system, thus it allows the most amount of natural light into the building.
3A
3A
3A
CURTAIN WALL BEHIND HIT-AND-MISS FACADE TO MAXIMISE ILLUMINATION STAIRCASE
VARANDA ACTING AS CEILING ABOVE KITCHEN TRELLIS ON GROUNDFLOOR FOR PRIVACY WITH POROSITY
1:50
SECTION 03 A
The strip of transparent layer at the rooftop, between membrane layer and living cell layer is all that is needed to provide light well into the living space. It is not the main natural lighting system in Brick Cave but assisting facility. This also encloses the roof protecting from heavy rainfall coming straight down. The heavy rain is directed away from the house by sloping the brick faรงade.
TRANSPARANT SKYLIGHT ILLUMINATING DINING AREA
N
SKYLIGHT
3B
3B
3B
TRANSPARANT SKYLIGHT ILLUMINATING HEM AREA
HIT-AND-MISS BRICK FACE PROVIDING LIGHT PENETRATION SUNLIGHT INTO PRIVATE ROOM
GLASS CEILING TO PREVENT WATER SEEPAGE
WINDOW FOR DIRECT VENTILATION
1:50
SECTION 03 B
STRUCTURAL WALL TO BE USED FOR TV
N
PRIVACY / OPEN PLAN The house is programmed to use the ground floor as living space and level one as private rooms. Therefore, ground floor minimises on walls and provide a large open space visually connected from the hem space. Cross ventilation is applied on ground level to maintain the kitchen and dining area. The rooms on first level do not share any wall, in order to isolate the noise, thus there is always a corridor between them. 4A
4A
4A
SUNLIGHT THROUGH HIT-AND-MISS BRICK WALL TO ILLUMINATE PRIVATE ROOM BALCONY TO BRIDGE HEM SPACE AND PRIVATE ROOM
SOLID WALL BETWEEN PRIVATE ROOM AND ACTIVE HEM ZONE
VISUAL POROSITY ON GROUND FLOOR BRICK FLOOR FOR STREET ATMOSPHERE
SUNLIGHT THROUGH HIT-AND-MISS BRICK WALL TO ILLUMINATE GROUND FLOOR
1:50
SECTION 04 A
KITCHEN SPACE AWAY FROM FRONT DOOR
N
ZONING The double layered faรงade provides obvious zone between the living cell and the outside. This zone is known to the Vietnamese as the Hem where it is not completely private nor public. The lack of walls on the ground floor creates a mix zone whereas the private rooms on level one has many thin walls creating pockets of private zones. 4B
CORRIDOR SPACE BETWEEN PRIVATE ROOMS FOR NOISE BARRIER
VOID SPACE AWAY FROM PRIVATE ROOM
VOID SPACE USED BY DINING AREA
1:50
SECTION 04 B
4B
4B
BALCONY BRIDGING HEM ZONE AND PRIVATE SPACE
BLURING THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN OUTSIE AND INSIDE ON GROUND FLOOR
KEY MOMENTS
HEM SPACE 01
HEM SPACE 02
GROUND FLOOR
HIT-AND-MISS BRICK FACADE 01
HIT-AND-MISS BRICK FACADE 02
ASSESSMENTS
Brick cave focuses on small scale ranging from building down to opening. The main theme is what a person perceives from the inside, observing light/rain/wind penetration and visual connection between the floors. Thus it is important to compose the design from the inside rather than what you can see from the outside.
BUILDING
ROOM
OPENING
Relationship between outside, inside and in between membrane
Open plan, private, communal all connected by the membrane and the void space produced because of it
Gradual change from open/public to close/private
SCALE
BRICK CAVE BY H&P ARCHITECTS The Brick Cave project successfully achieves homogenous architecture by using brick as overall arching material, which is locally sourced and familiar to the culture. The main design feature, membrane layer allows the architectural form to resemble a cave. Because of the above mentioned two effects, Brick Cave does create a contrast with its surrounding pre-cast concrete colonial architecture. Besides aesthetics, the membrane layer delivers functionality of bringing desirable elements in and keeping the unwanted elements out, acting as a filter. H&P architects capitalises on the hem space in between the membrane layer and living cell layer, which activates the void space instead of empty space. This semi-open space allows vegetation to grow and thrive in deep soil rather than in small pots. Narrow skylights is applicable on the site as the sun travels close to 90 degrees in Vietnam and reflective floor materials capitalise on this transferring the natural light into the living cells. The only issue with Brick Cave is of density. The surrounding architecture is built in such method for minimising the building cost to fit many dwellings in the site. H&P claims that brick building is as affordable is washed out as it is built only for one dwelling consisting of two bedrooms. Thus large living space and vague boundaries can be achieved. Therefore, this project does successfully portrays the sustainability aspect in rural dwelling by smart design and cheap materials, but fails in showing mass production in the future application.
CRITIQUE
Brick Cave by H&P Architects https://www.archdaily.com/892432/brick-cave-h-and-p-architects https://www.designboom.com/architecture/hp-architects-urban-brick-cave-hanoi-vietnam-04-12-2018/ http://www.hpa.vn/default.aspx https://www.dezeen.com/2018/09/28/hp-architects-brick-cave-house-hanoi-vietnam/ https://www.detail-online.com/blog-artikel/combinatorial-cavity-brick-cave-by-hp-architects-33779/ https://inhabitat.com/this-stunning-brick-cave-house-in-vietnam-is-open-to-the-elements/ https://www.habitusliving.com/architecture/hp-architects-brick-cave-house https://plainmagazine.com/vietnams-brick-cave-house-dominates-the-block/ https://www.domusweb.it/en/architecture/2018/09/04/vietnam-a-double-brick-shell-encloses-fragments-of-different-landscapes.html
Award Websites https://worldarchitecture.org/articles/cgeng/winners_announced_for_2a_asia_architecture_awards_2016.html https://worldarchitecture.org/article-links/epecp/winners_announced_for_2a_continental_architectural_awards_2018.html
BIBLIOGRAPHY