Food works by DK urbandesign

FOOD WORKS_ work journal

s3231534 Wendy Qi Han s3238443 Luke Henry Jenkins s3120706 Areta Kristi Linaya s3221564 Dohyung Kwon

Environments 4

TIMELINE

week1 week2 week3

â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;FOOD WORKSâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; design competition week4

Researches_What is bee keeping? week5

Existing plants map at RMIT city campus_research existing nectar resources week6

Precedent, concept and site study_ proposal site and design week7

Nectar with honey study week8

Prototype design_vertical garden with hive week9

Design process_ microclimate for bee hive week10 week11

Specification & 1:1 Fabrication

AQUAPONIC FARMING

â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;FOOD WORKSâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; design competition

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Basil

Capsicum

Onion

Tomato

Cucumber

Afternoon

SITE ANALYSIS Elevation A

Elevation B

Green Space

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Areta & Wendy Photomontage

Green Capsule

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Precedents

Gathering rain water

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Gutter system

Natural rainfall

5 Rainy Day Water tanks with purifying coal

Via water pipe

19 Planter Pods

Recycling the water of air conditioner

Greenhouse effect

Water runoff existing drainage systems

Dry Day

Plan 1:400

La Trobe St

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Section 1:40

Design system

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Dohyung

STOLEN FROM

RMIT

ROYAL MELBOURNE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

A GLOBAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND DESIGN

GREEN THUMB THIEVERY

Site: Chaplaincy Centre - Bowen Courtyard/Alley

Precendents

Theft Process: Step 1. An assortment of plastic bottles are collected from around Rmit in recyle bins. Step 2. The Bottles are cleaned. The bottoms are cut off and the caps are punctured for drainage. Step 3. Soil and seeds are placed inside. Recycled coffee grounds from the RMIT cafe are also used in a portion of the bottles for growing mushrooms. Step 4. They are placed in a rubber grommit which helps to hold various sized bottles in place. Lettuce, cherry tomatoes and a varierty of herbs are then grown for students to take home (steal from the premises) when they want to.

Sectional Detail of Cladding System

The drawing above describes movement of people and the directions of traffic within the courtyard/walled area. .Note : Circled area as Cul de Sac ideal hidden vertical graden.

Irregular shapes are used for the cladding. And the plants are spread across the walls where they grow at different heights, and are stolen at varying ages of maturity.

Sectional drawing: B Scale: 1: 50

Cladding Design Process

Note the overlap/irregular shape of the facade of each brick.

Cladding Surface/Materials

The uniquness of each brick forms a textural facade.

Using the premise of a single brick unit..

Bluestone unit

Connecting these units together to create a basis for cladding.

Holder B

Bottle Holder- Rusted steel material with hollow middle to hold bottle secure

Distorting this by using the uneven surface of the bricks as a precedent.

Luke

Bottles imposed on cladding Steel

Scale: 1:10

Single bottle with seedling

Rusted Steel Cladding

Site: Chaplaincy Centre - Bowen Courtyard/Alley

‘RIMT Honey LAP’ -winning design-

RMIT Honeylab forms the heart of the City of Melbourne’s Green Cities program, as our bees provide vital pollination services to all other urban food crops in the inner-urban area. The health of these crops is directly evident in the health of the bee colony, which will be closely monitored by RMIT staff and students, world leaders in honeybee research and innovation. In turn, by-products of honey and wax provide valuable income.

Week 4

Researches_What is bee keeping?

Site condition of bee keeping_Dohyung Climate/ Melbourne,Beehive_Areta,Luke Nectar resources_Wendy

- Melbourne’s Climate Obsevation

Site information Site name: MELBOURNE REGIONAL OFFICE Site number: 086071 Latitude: 37.81 °S Longitude: 144.97 °E Elevation: 31 m Commenced: 1908 Status: Open Latest available data: 15 Mar 2012

9am- Conditions

3pm- Conditions

Monthly Climate

Daily Climate_ March 2012 Temperature, humidity, pressure, cloud and rainfall observations are from Melbourne Regional Office. Wind, evaporation and sunshine observations are from Melbourne Airport.

http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/dwo/IDCJDW3050.latest.shtml http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_086071.shtml

- Climate of Beehive

A bee colony needs to maintain a constant brood nest temperature between 34°C and 35°C - also in winter, otherwise the brood won’t develop properly. Scientists have discovered that a subtle change of 1.2°C for the developing pupae determines what kind of honey bee it will become. Those kept at 35°C turn into forager bees that leave the nest searching for nectar and pollen. Those kept at 34°C emerge as “house keeper” bees that never leave the nest, conducting chores such as feeding the larvae and cleaning the nest. Bees heat their hive by generating heat with their body, by so called “heater bees”. Heater bees can generate a body temperature of over 43°C with their wing muscles whilst disengaging their wings to heat the brood cells they press their immobilised body onto the brood comb for up to 30 minutes, transferring their body heat onto the comb. The energy for heating is obtained from honey. Bees cool their hive by fanning air through the hive with their wings and evaporating water. A bee colony not only controls the temperature inside the brood nest but also the humidity, maintaining it between 40% and 60% - in other words a beehive is fully climate-controlled by the bees. The hive is located in the vegie garden at the back of the block, facing north east. It gets the sun in the morning and then is shaded by the back fence in the afternoon. The hive has a queen excluder between the second and third super.

- Environment of Bee keeping

open space

E grass

wind

barrier

Criteria of bee keeping site 1. Open space at East and North (keep sunlight a whole day) 2. Lower or high barriers surrounding West and South (block wind) 3. Avoid any moisture production (it causes any diseases) 4. The site should be surrounded by 2~2.5m of deciduous trees and covered by grasses (to avoid radiant heat during hot days) 5. No sweet productions surrounding site. (factory, shop) 6. Avoid disaster places (flood) 7. Avoid any disturbances surrounding site (road, railway, crowd) 8. Enough major and minor nectar resources (most important factor)_this decides the number of bee colonies

sunlight

- Bee behaviour Alexandra park Flagstaff garden

Royal park

Carlton garden

Fitzroy garden

Major activity zone of Bee : inner 2km

0.2 ha

A bee colony needs 0.2ha (2km^2) of nectar resource A bee colony: a queen bee, thousands of female bees(worker) and male bees

http://www.hyosunbee.co.kr/ http://www.korapis.or.kr/

- Bee work spaces at RMIT city campus

= 1 BEE COLONY 0.2ha of nectar resource

- Nectar resources for honey production EUCALYPTUS Eucalyptus honey comes from one of the larger plant genera, containing over 500 distinct species and many hybrids. Its country of origin is Australia but is also produced largely in California. Widely available, it varies greatly in color and flavor but tends to have a special herbal flavor carrying a hint of menthol that may not be most pleasing to children’s palate. This honey is traditionally by many people as a protection against colds and headaches. As a tea lover, I would also recommend it as an ingredient to liven up your morning or afternoon tea.

Red Gum is a common Eucalypt found in Australia that produces one of the darker premium varieties of honey. Having a relatively higher level of antioxidants compared to the rest, red gum honey has a thick constituency, a bold taste (like buckwheat honey) and a distinctive aroma which I believe fans of strong honey varieties would find it appealing. It’s also a favourite ingredient in bread baking and meat marinades.

IRON BARK (trees are too high) The tree is long-lived, straight in form and commonly grows between 15 and 30 metres in height. The lance-shaped leaves are bluish green with a distinctive midrib and scarlet red tones on the petiole attachment. Most ironbarks flower during late winter or spring, though some flower in the summer to autumn period. Whilst E. tricarpa is indigenous to central parts of the region, E. sideroxylon is widely planted and both species can be found in landscapes of varying soil type, aspect and climate. Ironbark is a popular tree in urban areas, along roadsides and as a woodlot or shelterbelt species in rural districts. Site preference : Ironbarks are versatile trees with excellent drought tolerance and resistance to damage from frost and fire. Ironbark grows best on the deeper clay loams but can adapt to a wide range of soils and will tolerate saline and moderately waterlogged conditions. Iron bark is a highly favored, premium Eucalyptus floral variety (Eucalyptus crebra) which blossoms throughout the year in eastern Australia. Amber in colour and dense, this honey is a favorite flavor enhancer in baking. Its slight nutty aroma makes a delicious addition to a smoothie and a good glaze for barbecued meats.

Leatherwood Leatherwood honey comes from the leatherwood blossom -- a native eucalypt found in the south-west of Tasmania, Australia and is the source for 70% of the country’s honey. Established worldwide as a distinct honey type and a fine gourmet product, Leatherwood honey has a unique taste and strong floral flavour. Its distinctive spicy flavour makes it an excellent spread on wheat toast, and an ideal ingredient in recipes as it not only sweetens but adds a fantastic aroma to cakes, muffins, coffee and tea. In fact, this is one of my favourite honey varieties that I find it great-tasting even when it’s just mixed with water alone. A fair-sized tree of the rainforest, and a source of nectar for the famous Leatherwood Honey, flowers in December to January. It has been used successfully in gardens and as a container plant in a cool, dapple-shaded environment.

CHAMELAUCIUM ( wax flower ) The wax flower is a perennial shrub reaching 2-3 m in heights. it has small narriw needle-shaped leaves 10-40 mm long in colour ranging from light to dark green. It has small 5 pettaled flowers which range in size from 10-25 mm in diametre. Flower branches reaching from 40-100 cm. The flower branches can produce 50-500 flower buds. flower colours range from white, pink, purple tp variegated. The flowers bloom from autumn through winter to spring. Wax flowers grow in moist soil but prefers acid and well drained soil with the optimum pH 6-6.5. it prefers dry condition and has low water and fertilizer requirments. It can grow in range temperature of 15-35 C but can tolerate lower temperature. Low night temperature can influence induction and bud formation. Wax flower can also be grown as flowering pot plants or garden plants.

- Bees common in Victoria

1. Reed Bees (Exoneura and Braunsapis) (Over 80 Australian species) Reed bees are slender black bees less than 8 mm long. Some species have a red abdomen. They nest inside dry pithy twigs in plants such as raspberries and blackberries or in the dead fronds of tree ferns. Today many nests can also be found in dead canes of the weed Lantana

2. Blue Banded Bees (Amegilla) (About 25 Australian species) These bees (mostly 8-13 mm long), with glittering stripes of blue or whitish hair across their black abdomens, are often seen darting around the flowers of lavenders and abelias. The females build nests in shallow burrows in the ground but they may also nest in mudbrick houses or in soft mortar. Each female builds her own nest burrow but many bees often nest together in the one place. Recent research has shown that blue banded bees could be valuable pollinators of greenhouse tomatoes.

3. Teddy Bear Bees (Amegilla (Asaropoda)) (About 25 Australian species) Most species of these rotund furry brown bees are 7 to 15 mm long. They build shallow nest burrows in soft soil and sometimes nest underneath houses. Each female builds her own nest burrow but many bees may nest together in the one location In Western Australia there is a very large related species (nearly 20 mm long) called the Dawson’s Burrowing Bee (Amegilla dawsoni). It nests in groups of up to 10,000 in arid clay pans and mud flats 4. Leafcutter Bees (Megachile) (Over 40 Australian species) Beewatchers often first discover these amazing 6 to 15 mm long bees when they notice rows of neat circular cuts on the edges of some leaves in their garden. Leafcutters use the disks of leaf as a nest building material. They particularly like the soft leaves of roses, Bauhinia and Buddleja.

5. Resin Bees (Megachile, formerly in genus Chalicodoma) (About 100 Australian species) Resin bees come in many colours and sizes. For example there are large black 14 mm bees with white tufts of hair, and small 8 mm black bees with bright orange abdomens. They nest in pre-existing holes or gaps in timber or stonework. They are called resin bees because they collect resins and gums to build partitions between their brood cells and to seal their nest holes. Beekeepers sometimes notice resin bees hanging around stingless bee hives, trying to ‘borrow’ a little resin for their nests.

6. Homalictus Bees (Homalictus) (44 Australian species) Although very small (most less than 8 mm long), the glittering Homalictus bees come in a dazzling array of colours. ‘Golden blue’, ‘coppery red’ and ‘green tinged with purple, red or gold’ are just a few of the colours listed by scientists. Homalictus bees dig intricate branching nests in the ground. Many females may live together in each nest, taking turns to guard the narrow nest entrance. One nest was found to be occupied by over 160 females!

7. Masked Bees (Amphylaeus, Hylaeus and Meroglossa) (About 200 Australian species) These slender black bees (most less than 10 mm long) are called ‘masked bees’ because they have pale markings on their faces. Many species also have a distinctive yellow spot on the thorax. Masked bees have very little hair and carry pollen to their nests by swallowing it. The nests are usually in pithy stems or pre existing holes in wood. Masked bees weave their brood cells from an amazing cellophane-like secretion

Week5

Existing plants map at RMIT city campus_research existing nectar resources

Areta

Wendy

Dohyung

1. Eucalyptus dalrympleana _ mountain gum, broad leaved kindling bark height : 33m (110ft) shape: broadly columnar evergreen pollinated : insect leaf shape : juvenile leaves rounded, mature leaves lanceolate. The mature leaves are lanceolate and up to 18cm long. Bronze when young turning blue-green as they mature. The bark is smooth, darkening to salmon pink or light brown before flaking off to reveal new pure white bark. The flowers are white, in umbels of three and are a good source of honey in summer.

Old Melbourne Gaol

2. Platanus x hispanica _ london plane 2

Russel

5 6

height : 40m/130ft shape: broadly columnar deciduous pollinated : insect leaf shape : palmate lobed the leaves are glossy bright green above and paler green beneath, with conspicuous yellow leaf veins and are coverd with rust-coloured down when young. they are 20cm long and up to 25cm broad, with three to five large toothed lobes.

3. Canna x generalis _ Canna Lily

Erect, glabrous herb to 2 m high, rhizomatous. Leaves elliptic, up to 45 cm long and 25 cm wide, apex acute to acuminate, margins entire, narrowing to a sheath at the base; bracts c. 12 mm long. Flowers either single or in pairs. Corolla tube less than 15 mm long (often only 5 mm long), lobes 4–5 cm long, margins incurved. Staminodes 4; outer staminodes 3, to 10 cm long and 5.5 cm wide, usually unequal, white to yellow to red to pink (sometimes with markings in other colours); inner staminode to 8 cm long and 3 cm wide, recurved from apex; single petaloid filament c. 1.5 cm wide; anther c. 12 mm long. Capsule 2–3 cm long.

4. Stenocarpus sinuatus _ Firewheel tree 2

La trobe

Existing Planting Plants in RMIT

Trees and plants that produce nectar

a medium-sized or tall tree with a cylindrical, sometimes flanged trunk to 45 cm diameter. Bark : grey to brown, wrinkled with short vertical fissures and sometimes corky. Leaves : alternate, variable from lanceolate with wavy margins, 15-30cm long and 2-5cm wide, to deeply lobed. they are leathery, glossy dark green above, dull and paler below with raised veins, on stalks 10-mm long. Flowers: bright red or orange, tubular, 25mm long with a globular tip, splitting open to release a long, slender style. they are grouped like the spokes of wheel, 5-10cm diameter, in clusters of 6-20 flowers at the ends of the branches. they arise from the leaf axils or leaf scars, on stalks 4-8cm long. Fruits : grey- brown, boat-shaped follicles, 5-10 cm long, containing numerous flattened, triangular, overlapping seeds. each seed is about 25 mm long.

5. Strelitzia reginae _ bird of paradise The plant grows to 2 m (6.6 ft) tall, with large, strong leaves 25–70 cm (9.8–28 in) long and 10–30 cm (3.9–12 in) broad, produced on petioles up to 1 m (39 in) long. The leaves are evergreen and arranged in two ranks, making a fan-shaped crown. The flowers stand above the foliage at the tips of long stalks. The hard, beak-like sheath from which the flower emerges is termed the spathe. This is placed perpendicular to the stem, which gives it the appearance of a bird’s head and beak; it makes a durable perch for holding the sunbirds which pollinate the flowers. The flowers, which emerge one at a time from the spathe, consist of three brilliant orange sepals and three purplish-blue petals. Two of the blue petals are joined together to form an arrow-like nectary. When the sunbirds sit to drink the nectar, the petals open to cover their feet in pollen.

7. Acer pectinatum _ forrest’s Maple

6. Annona reticulata _ custard-apple

Height growing to 10 – 45 meters (30 – 145 ft). Leaves: palmate veined and lobed, with 3 to 9 (rarely to 13) veins each leading to a lobe, one of which is central or apical. Flowers : regular, pentamerous, and borne in racemes, corymbs, or umbels. They have four or five sepals, four or five petals about 1 – 6 mm long (absent in some species), four to ten stamens about 6 – 10 mm long, and two pistils or a pistil with two styles. The ovary is superior and has two carpels, whose wings elongate the flowers, making it easy to tell which flowers are female. Maples flower in late winter or early spring, in most species with or just after the appearance of the leaves, but in some before the trees leaf out. Maple flowers are green, yellow, orange or red. Though individually small, the effect of an entire tree in flower can be striking in several species. Some maples are an early spring source of pollen and nectar for bees. As they are a major source of pollen in early spring before many other plants have flowered, maples are important to the survival of honeybees that play a commercially important role later in the spring and summer.

height : 6m (20ft) shape: spreading semi-deciduous pollinated: beetles leaf shape : lanceolate to oblong the leaves which are fragnant when crushed, vary in shape and maybe 9-15cm long. they are dull, pale green and smooth with minute dots on both surfaces and may drop in dry spells. the pleasently scented flowers occur all year round. they have 3 fleshly petals 5cm long, as greenish yellow and found singly or in small clusters. the fruit occurs with the flowers. they are greenish yellow but with a bluish green surface bloom. each fruit is 5-13 cm long, round or heart shaped and made up of prominent lumps, when ripe, maybe pulled apart. the white flesh has a smooth tecture and is sweet.

1. Eucalyptus crenulata _ Buxton Gum 1

A small, crooked tree, 4-8 m tall, with spreading branches from near ground level and blue-green foliage. Bark persistent, fibrous and fissured on trunk, smooth on branches. Leaves: All of one type. Opposite (or almost so), sessile or with very short petioles, ovate to heart-shaped, 3-6 x 1.5-2.5 cm, symmetric; margins with fine, rounded teeth (crenulate); upper surface paler than lower. Buds: In leaf axils 7-14 per cluster, club-shaped, 5-8 mm long, covered by raised oil glands; pedicel short but distinct; operculum rounded with fine, pointed tip; peduncle smooth, rounded, 4-8 mm long. Fruit: Wineglass-shaped, 3-5 mm across, on distinct, slender pedicels 2-3 mm long; valves 3-4, opening just below rim.

2. wallangarra white gum_White Silky Oak 7 15 m high. Bark smooth throughout, powdery, white or grey. Juvenile leaves disjunct, linear, glossy green, sessile, to 10 cm long, 6 mm wide. Adult leaves disjunct, linear to narrow-lanceolate, glossy green, concolorous, to 15 cm long, 1 cm wide. Inflorescence simple, axillary, 7-flowered; peduncles 5–10 mm long. Buds ovoid or cylindrical, 4–5 mm long, 1.5–2 mm diam. Calyptra conical, shedding early, as long as hypanthium, as wide as hypanthium; smooth. Flowers white, or cream. Fruits ovoid, 5–7 mm long, 5–8 mm diam. Disc raised. Valves exserted.

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3. Eucalyptus angophoroides _ Apple-topped Box 7

General Appearance: Growing to 40 metres tall, with a rough flaky, fibrous bark. Leaves: Leaves narrow-lanceolate or lanceolate in shape, around 10 to 20 cm long, 1.5 to 2.5 cm wide. Adult leaves alternate on the stem. Dull green or almost shiny, paler below the leaf. Juvenile leaves round and opposite on the stem.

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4. Hibbertia scandens_ Climbing Guinea Flower 3 5

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Hibbertia scandens is a vigorous climber commonly found on sandy coastal areas through to inland forests. It prefers sunny positions on good soil. It has thick fleshy stems trailing 3m up tree trunks or along the ground, often twining around each other. The name “scandens” refers to its climbing habit. Leaves: Leaves are alternate, large, up to 8 cm long, shiny above and hairy beneath. Some are toothed. The flowers are larger than Hibbertia dentata, to 9cm across. The seeds are bright red and shiny, clustering on the old sepals. Hibbertia scandens mainly flowers in Spring and Summer.

5. Trachycarpus fortunei _ Chusan Palm, Windmill Palm 3

General Appearance: ;Trachycarpus fortunei grows to 12–20 m (39–66 ft) tall on a single stem up to 15–30 cm diameter. The trunk is very rough with the persistent leaf bases clasping the stem as layers of coarse fibrous material. It is a fan palm with the leaves with the long petiole bare except for two rows of small spines, terminating in a rounded fan of numerous leaflets. Leaves: Each leaf is 140–190 cm long, with the petiole 60–100 cm long, and the leaflets up to 90 cm long. Flowers:The flowers are yellow (male) and greenish (female), about 2–4 mm across, borne in large branched panicles up to 1 m long in spring. The fruit is a yellow to blue-black, reniform (kidney-shaped) drupe 10–12 mm long, ripening in mid autumn.

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6. Parthenocissus tricuspidata _ Japanese creeper, Boston ivy, Grape ivy, Japanese ivy Tree Features: It is a deciduous woody vine growing to 30 m tall or more given suitable support, attaching itself by means of numerous small branched tendrils tipped with sticky disks. Leaves: The leaves are simple, palmately lobed with three lobes, occasionally unlobed or with five lobes, or sufficiently deeply lobed to be palmately compound with (usually) three leaflets; the leaves range from 5–22 cm across. The flowers are inconspicuous, greenish, in clusters; the fruit is a small dark blue grape 5–10 mm diameter.

7.Platanus X Hispanica (acerifolia) _ London Plane Tree Features: Low Fruit Fall,Large Leaves,Lobed leaves This tree is about 7 feet (2 meters) wide at the base and over 120 feet (35 meters) tall. These fruits grow in groups of 1-4 and they stay on the tree into the winter until they disintegrate and drop their seeds.

4. Correa alba_ White Correa

Erect shrub to 1.5 m high; young stems rusty-tomentose. Leaves ovate to ± circular or obovate, 1.5–3.5 cm long, 10–27 mm wide, apex rounded, base rounded to cuneate, upper surface glabrous to sparsely hairy, lower surface tomentose. Flowers solitary or in clusters on short axillary branches; pedicel 2.5–5 mm long; bracteoles 1.5–5 mm long, caducous. Calyx cup-shaped or hemispherical, 2–4 mm long, ± 4-toothed. Corolla 11–13 mm long, white or rarely pale pink, petals becoming ± free and spreading outwards. Anthers 1–2 mm long, not or slightly exserted. Fruit 5–7 mm long, ± truncate, green.

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5. Banksia marginata _ Silver Banksia

Shrub or small tree to 12 m high; ± tesselated, not friable, grey; branchlets hirsute with straight hairs and ± tomentose with curled hairs. Leaves alternate, linear, oblong to cuneate, mostly 2–6 cm long and 3–10 mm wide, apex usually mucronate, base attenuate, margins generally entire but sometimes juveniles toothed and persisting to flowering, lower surface white-tomentose, reticulate veins usually conspicuous; petiole 2–5 mm long. Conflorescences 5–10 cm long. Perianth 16–24 mm long, pale yellow, persistent. Style straight, persistent. Follicles 7–17 mm long, mostly opening within a year of flowering

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6. Correa glabra _ Rock Correa

Erect shrub to 2.7 m high; stems tomentose to ± glabrous. Leaves narrow- to broad-elliptic or occasionally obovate, 1–4 cm long, 5–17 mm wide, apex obtuse to rounded, base rounded to cuneate, upper surface ± smooth and sparsely stellate-hairy, lower surface densely stellate-hairy. Flowers solitary, terminal on short axillary shoots; pedicel 2–4 mm long; bracteoles 4–7 mm long. Calyx cup-shaped, 3–10 mm long, ± truncate, becoming flattened and closed. Corolla 15–30 mm long, pale green. Anthers 1.5–4 mm long, exserted to about a quarter to half the length of the corolla. Fruit 5–8 mm long, white to green

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Tufted, glabrous herbaceous perennial; rhizome branched; roots clustered, ± fleshyfibrous or narrow-tuberous. Leaves to 40 cm long, 1–8 mm wide; sheath ± scarious. Inflorescence 10–55 cm high; axis slender, few-branched; lower bracts to 20 cm long; flowers in clusters of 2–6, the lowest subtended by short subulate bracts to 1 cm long; upper bracts subulate, down to 1.8 mm long; pedicels slender, 3–10 mm long. Tepals narrow-elliptic, 3–8.5 mm long, greenish white to blue. Stamens to 4.5 mm long; anthers 0.5–2.1 mm long; filaments fusiform. Capsule strongly 3-lobed, to 5 mm diam.; seeds 1.3–2.3 mm diam., granulate, sparsely tuberculate, dull

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7.1. Caesia parviflora_Pale Grass-lily

1. wallangarra white gum_White Silky Oak

7.2.Dipodium roseum_Pale Grass-lily

15 m high. Bark smooth throughout, powdery, white or grey. Juvenile leaves disjunct, linear, glossy green, sessile, to 10 cm long, 6 mm wide. Adult leaves disjunct, linear to narrow-lanceolate, glossy green, concolorous, to 15 cm long, 1 cm wide. Inflorescence simple, axillary, 7-flowered; peduncles 5–10 mm long. Buds ovoid or cylindrical, 4–5 mm long, 1.5–2 mm diam. Calyptra conical, shedding early, as long as hypanthium, as wide as hypanthium; smooth. Flowers white, or cream. Fruits ovoid, 5–7 mm long, 5–8 mm diam. Disc raised. Valves exserted.

2. Waterhousea floribunda_ Weeping Lilly Pilly, Weeping Myrtle

Terrestrial, reduced leaves subtending inflorescence ovate to broad-ovate, 0.5–3 cm long. Inflorescence 30–80 cm long, 15–40-flowered; pedicel plus ovary 14–22 mm long, cream to pink to reddish brown, unspotted. Sepals and lateral petals strongly recurved towards the tips, light pink with fine, darker spots. Sepals 10–20 mm long, 3–6 mm wide. Labellum 9–15 mm long, pink with darker pink longitudinal lines; callus keels parallel; central band of hairs mauve, narrow basally but widening to cover most of the apical half of the midlobe; midlobe about twice as long as broad. 7.3. Pteridium esculentum_Austral Bracken

Rhizome very long-creeping, 2–10 mm diam., densely covered with dark, red-brown simple hairs. Fronds erect, stiff, mostly 0.6–1.5 m high; stipe brown; minor rachises with wing-like lobes between segments; lamina dark green above but paler below, older fronds glabrous above with fine hairs below, broad-triangular in outline, 3–4-pinnate; ultimate segments narrow, entire or with a few basal lobes. Sori ± continuous beneath margins; indusium 2-lipped, outer lip green, inner lip pale brown.

Small to large tree; bark dark grey, ± fissured, somewhat flaky. Leaves lanceolate to narrow-elliptic, 5.5–16 cm long, 1.5–5 cm wide, apex acuminate, base cuneate, margins undulate, glabrous, upper surface dark green and glossy, lower surface dull and paler; lateral and intramarginal veins distinct; oil glands numerous, fine; petiole 2–7 mm long. Panicles many-flowered; pedicels to 3 mm long. Sepals inconspicuous. Petals cohering, shed together, 1.5–2 mm long, white. Stamens 3–7 mm long. Fruit ± globose, 15–20 mm diam., green but developing a reddish tinge at maturity, crowned by persistent hypanthium 1–2 mm long 3. Eucalyptus scoparia Maiden_ Wallangarra White Gum

8. Phoenix canariensis_Canary Island Date Palm

Tree to 15 m high. Bark smooth throughout, powdery, white or grey. Juvenile leaves disjunct, linear, glossy green, sessile, to 10 cm long, 6 mm wide. Adult leaves disjunct, linear to narrow-lanceolate, glossy green, concolorous, to 15 cm long, 1 cm wide. Inflorescence simple, axillary, 7-flowered; peduncles 5–10 mm long. Buds ovoid or cylindrical, 4–5 mm long, 1.5–2 mm diam. Calyptra conical, shedding early, as long as hypanthium, as wide as hypanthium; smooth. Flowers white, or cream. Fruits ovoid, 5–7 mm long, 5–8 mm diam. Disc raised. Valves exserted.

Palm-tree to 15(-20) m high; trunk single, erect, stout, to at least 1 m diam. Leaves spreading, to c. 6 m long, 50 cm wide, broadest in the middle one-third; petiole very short; pinnae stiff, deeply channelled, to c. 40 cm long, 3 cm wide (when flattened), basal pinnae short, thick and extremely sharp-pointed. Inflorescence a panicle to c. 80 cm long or more. Flowers yellowish; perianth segments obtuse, inner and outer whorls subequal, 4–5 mm long. Fruit ellipsoid, yellow to reddish, 1.5–2.3 cm long, fleshy layer rather thin.

11. Ficus rubiginosa_ Port Jackson Fig, Rusty Fig

Small to large spreading tree, often buttressed; young stems rusty-pubescent. Leaves obovate, ovate or elliptic, mostly 7–10 cm long, 5–6 cm wide, rarely to 20 cm long and 10 cm wide; upper surface glabrous, lower surface mostly hairy and rustycoloured; petiole usually 1–3 cm long; stipules 1.5–3 cm long, finely hairy or rarely glabrous. Figs ± globose, 10–20 mm diam., yellow turning red, usually prominently warted; stalk 2–5 mm long; usually paired; ripe Jan.-July

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12.1. Euphorbia characias_ Mediterranean spurge is a shrubby, non-succulent euphorb with upright purplish-green stems that are smooth and woody at their bases and covered with fine, wooly hairs farther out. Broken stems exude a white milky latex sap. The leaves are blue green, linear, 4-6 in (10.2-15.2 cm) long and arranged spirally along the stems. The leaves are dense and crowded near the tips of the stems but are sparse or absent near the bases. Insignificant little flowers (they don’t even have petals) are arranged in dense clusters of showy yellowish green bracts (modified leaves). These rounded clusters are held proudly above the foliage from early spring through early summer. Each individual bract has a purplish brown gland (nectary) that produces nectar to attract pollinating insects. Mediterranean spurge forms a dome-shaped bush 3-5 ft (0.9-1.5 m) tall with a spread of 2-3 ft (0.6-0.9 m).

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12.2 Euphorbia peplus_ Petty Spurge

Erect or ascending annual to c. 40 cm high, glabrous, often with a main stem and 2 or more stems from the base. Fertile branches usually 3 at the top of each stem and in upper axils, each branch dichotomously divided 3–5 times. Stem leaves alternate, lamina obovate, mostly 10–15 mm long, petiole to 8 mm long. Leaves of fertile branches opposite, those towards base similar to main stem leaves, those towards top ovate or triangular to rhombic, shortly petiolate. Cyathia solitary; involucre c. 1 mm long; glands with 2 horns. Capsule c. 2 mm long, 2 mm diam., ± smooth; seeds c. 1.2 mm long, reddish orange with a whitish bloom, carunculate

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a large deciduous tree growing to 20–35 m (exceptionally over 40 m) tall, with a trunk up to 3 m or more in circumference. The bark is usually pale grey-green, smooth and exfoliating, or buffbrown and not exfoliating. The leaves are thick and stiff-textured, broad, palmately lobed, superficially maple-like, the leaf blade 10–20 cm long and 12–25 cm broad, with a petiole 3–10 cm long. The young leaves in spring are coated with minute, fine, stiff hairs at first, but these wear off and by late summer the leaves are hairless or nearly so. The flowers are borne in one to three (most often two) dense spherical inflorescences on a pendulous stem, with male and female flowers on separate stems. The fruit matures in about 6 months, to 2–3 cm diameter, and comprises a dense spherical cluster of achenes with numerous stiff hairs which aid wind dispersal; the cluster breaks up slowly over the winter to release the numerous 2–3 mm seeds.

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13. Platanus × acerifolia_ London plane, London planetree

14. Solanum nigrum_ Black nightshade

8. banksia spinulosa cunninghamii_ Hill Banksia

Herb or short-lived perennial shrub, sometimes purple-green, hairy with glandular and simple, non-glandular hairs; prickles absent. Leaves ovate, mostly 4–7 cm long and 2–5 cm wide, margins entire or shallowly lobed; ± concolorous, both surfaces green and ± hairy; petiole usually 1–3 cm long, ± winged in upper portion. Inflorescences 4–12-flowered; peduncle 10–20 mm long; pedicels to 10 mm long. Calyx 1.5–2.2 mm long; lobes c. 1 mm long. Corolla stellate, 8–12 mm diam., white. Berry mostly 6–8 mm diam., dull black or purple-black.

Shrub to 5 m high, lignotuber absent, single-stemmed at base; branchlets usually hirsute. Leaves alternate, scattered, linear to ± oblanceolate, 2–7 cm long, 2–5 mm wide, apex mucronate, base attenuate, margins recurved to revolute, mostly entire except for a few teeth towards apex, lower surface pale brownish tomentose, lateral venation obscure. Conflorescences 6–15 cm long. Perianth 20–30 mm long, yellow or golden, persistent. Style hooked below apex, yellow throughout or dark red to purple-black in upper part, falling within a year. Follicles up to 100, very crowded, 10–24 mm long, opening either with fire or spontaneously

9. Ficus coronata_ Sandpaper Fig, Creek Sandpaper Fig, Sandpaper Fig

Shrub or small tree, branches densely hairy, scabrous. Leaves with lamina ovate to oblong, 5–10 cm long, 2–5 cm wide, larger and often lobed on young growth, margins entire or toothed, upper surface strongly scabrous, lower surface often pubescent; petiole bristly, 0.3–1 cm long; stipules to 1 cm long, hairy. Figs ellipsoid to globose, to 20 mm long, pubescent, purple-black when mature, edible; stalk c. 5–12 mm long; axillary or cauliflorous, solitary or in small clusters; ripe Jan.-June

15. Prostanthera melissifolia_Balm Mint-bush

Erect shrub 1–2 m high, aromatic; branches 4-ridged, moderately covered with short, curled hairs and ± sessile glands. Leaves with lamina ovate, 15–30 mm long, 10–15 mm wide; apex obtuse; base cuneate; sometimes broadly so, margins ± finely and regularly toothed, often slightly irregular; surfaces with short antrorse hairs restricted to midrib and veins. Flowers in terminal leafy to bracteose botryoids; bracteoles not persistent, 1–2.2 mm long. Calyx 4–5 mm long; tube 1.5–2.5 mm long; upper lobe 2–3 mm long, slightly enlarged in fruit. Corolla 8–12 mm long, mauve to purple or pink. Anthers appendage absent. 16. Nandina domestica_ nandina, heavenly bamboo, sacred bamboo

10. Acacia dealbata_ Silver Wattle

Erect shrub or tree to 30 m high; bark smooth, deeply fissured with age, grey, greygreen or brown to almost black; branchlets angled towards apices, with ridges, hairy, pruinose. Leaves bluish grey to silvery or sometimes green; petiole 0.1–1.5 cm long, hairy, mostly with a gland; rachis 1–12 cm long (rarely to 17 cm long), hairy, ± circular jugary glands present (sometimes missing from basal pair of pinnae), interjugary glands absent; pinnae 6–30 pairs, 0.5–5.5 cm long; pinnules 10–68 pairs, ± narrowly oblong to linear, 0.7–6 mm long, 0.4–1 mm wide, hairy mainly on margins and lower surface.

Evergreen to semi-deciduous shrub to 2 m high; stems erect, slender, woody, scarred or sheathed by leaf bases. Leaves 2- to 3-pinnate, to 20 cm long, clustered towards summit of stems and held horizontally; leaflets to 7 cm long, elliptic, lanceolate to narrow-rhombic, glabrous, lime green becoming red to purple in autumn, midvein conspicuous. Inflorescences to 40 cm long. Flowers to 7.5 mm diam., white. Fruit c. 10 mm diam., bright red

Week 6

Precedent, concept and site study_ proposal site and design

Bee keeping _ Luke Sunlight study/ proposal site _ Dohyung Precedent and concept drawing _ Areta Hydroponic diagram _ Wendy

- Pure Peninsula Honey... Hives located in Mooroduc (Mornington Peninsula) ‘meeting with mentor’

Photos from the glass display hive … these images show the collection of pollen throught the entrance of the hive (below). the pollen collected by different bees is from different plants in the colouring. orange and white in this case. The pollen that is collected is used by the bees as a food source along with the nectar, but both are completely different food sources and come from different plants and trees as well. It is ideal to have a range of plants and trees as food source for the bees. other wise it could be possible for the bees to pick up diseases, which could come from lack of food. By having a range of plants that are high in nectar as well as high in pollen (for all seasons of the year) this would reduce the chance of disease to the hive. Using the garden, where are surrounding RMIT city campus like the botanical gardens, as a food source would be very beneficial as there have been hives in that area before however they had to be killed out as a disease got into the area and in order to prevent further spread the hives in the area were exterminated. (this disease wasn’t from lack of food)

John and Felicity Winkels Pure Peninsula Honey Farm Shop Ph: (03) 5978 8413 M: 0417 779 998 1. what is the most popular pollen resource in Melbourne? (with plants name) - lots every month for example September Capeweed, October Salvation Jane ..... 2. what is the benefit if the pollen source is close to bee hive? - benefit for decide taste of honey, like types, ex) Manuka or Banksia honey. 3. is it possible to make cooling or heating system in the hive for suitable temperature(35degree) of beekeeping? (the bees do most of this right?) - would be possible but not beneficial because bees are better off in the hive if outside temp is not ideal. 4. what are the important factors for each season. for example, what we have to do during spring, summer, auturm and winter. - Spring swarm control, re queen or split hives. Summer take honey and give room to breed. Autumn re queen and insure adequate honey stores. Winter take a break and prepare hives and frames 5. is it wise for the bees to have a wide range of flora for different sources of pollen and nectar - right 6. Pollen and nectar plants arenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t the same right - can be but also could yield both

- Seasonal preparation for beekeeping _ winter

cover

polystyrene - keeping warm

sugar cake - feeding bees

brood box

Sugar cake put on the top of brood box to feed bees during winter It makes bee get energy for heating hive

Polystyrene lid is good for keeping warm from top of brood box. It is a kind of thermal jacket Also the sunshine in early morning is important. It makes bee wake up earlier to heat their hive

- Seasonal preparation for beekeeping _ summer

Hot weather makes bee hot and painful, so it is better taking rest both queen and worker bee. Feeding sufficient water has to be concerned. Creating light water spot is benefit to bees for cooling their hive.

Surrounding vegetation blocks radiant heat from ground

- Self temperature system in hive

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Relevant data: 7KH HQHUJ\ FRVW RI D IRUDJHU DPRXQWV WR - SHU NLORPHWHU Ã&#x20AC;RZQ ,W IROORZV WKDW IRU DQ DYHUDJH Ã&#x20AC;LJKW VKH ZLOO QHHG - 6KH EULQJV WLPHV DV PXFK HQHUJ\ EDFN WR WKH QHVW DV WKH Ã&#x20AC;LJKW FRVWV 'XULQJ DQ DYHUDJH OLIH VSDQ D IRUDJHU FDUULHV N- EDFN WR WKH QHVW 7KH IRUDJLQJ IRUFH RI D FRORQ\ LQYROYLQJ PRUH WKDQ LQGLYLGXDOV GXULQJ VXPPHU XQGHUWDNHV VHYHUDO PLOOLRQ IRUDJH Ã&#x20AC;LJKWV DQG FDUULHV DERXW PLOOLRQ N- RI HQHUJ\ EDFN WR WKH KLYH $ PLOOLJUDP RI KRQH\ FRQWDLQV - RI FKHPLFDO HQHUJ\ ERXQG WR VXJDU 7KH FRPEXVWLRQ RI D NLORJUDP RI KRQH\ SURGXFHV N- $ EHH XVHV P- SHU VHFRQG WR DFKLHYH WKH KHDWLQJ SHUIRUPDQFH QHHGHG IRU KHU WKRUD[ WHPSHUDWXUH to be raised to and maintained at a summer ambient level of 40oC. - The heat energy for the control of the brood nest temperature is equivalent to a continuous power XVDJH RI : ZDWW ,I EHHV ZHUH DEOH WR FKDQQHO WKLV HQHUJ\ LQWR D OLJKW EXOE WKH\ FRXOG EULJKWO\ LOOXPLQDWH WKH QHVW 7DXW] S

Bee Cluster (http://www.beebehavior.com)

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Bees clustering at entrance during a pirate bee attack (http://www.sonomabees.org)

- Honey production & forage journey

BEE FORAGE CAPACITY The foraging ability of a single bee depends on a range of variables. A simple approach is to describe WKH \HDUO\ IRUDJLQJ SHUIRUPDQFH RI D FRORQ\ ZKLFK LV ODUJHO\ GHSHQGDQW RQ LWV VL]H The approximate quantities of nectar harvested by a typical colony can be estimated as follows: - a single forager transports between 20 and 40mg of nectar in her crop. D VLQJOH IRUDJHU FRPSOHWHV EHWZHHQ DQG Ă&#x20AC;LJKWV SHU GD\ D VLQJOH IRUDJHU FROOHFWV RYHU D SHULRG RI GD\V D VLQJOH FRORQ\ GHSOR\V EHWZHHQ DQG IRUDJHV SHU \HDU )URP WKH DERYH \RX FDQ FDOFXODWH WKH PLQLPXP DQG PD[LPXP YDOXHV RI H[SHFWHG QHFWDU FROOHFWLRQ 0LQLPXP YDOXH PJ [ Ă&#x20AC;LJKWV GD\ IRU GD\V [ EHHV ZRXOG SURGXFH NJ RI QHFWDU 0D[LPXP YDOXH PJ [ WHQ Ă&#x20AC;LJKWV GD\ IRU GD\V [ EHHV ZRXOG SURGXFH NJ RI QHFWDU &RQYHUVLRQ LQWR D VLQJOH XQLW RI QHFWDU LQWR KRQH\ UHGXFHV WKH DPRXQW WR DERXW KDOI VR RQH FRXOG H[SHFW EHWZHHQ DQG NJ RI KRQH\ SHU FRORQ\ SHU \HDU 7KH PLQLPXP YDOXH VKRZQ KHUH LV SUREDEO\ WRR ORZ DQG WKH PD[LPXP WRR KLJK EXW WKH YDOXHV VKRZ WKH range in which the real levels of nectar collection and honey production must lie. A medium- sized colony collects about 30kg of pollen each year - considering the relatively â&#x20AC;&#x153;weightlessâ&#x20AC;? QDWXUH RI SROOHQ WKLV LV DQ DVWDQGLQJ TXDQWLW\ The amount of resin that a bee colony brings into the hive lies at several hundred grams. 7DXW] S

%HHV WUDQVSRUW QHFWDU LQ D FURS D VSHFLDO SDUW RI WKH JXW DQG FDUU\ SROOHQ LQ WKH VPDOO ÂłEDVNHWVÂ´ RQ WKLHU KLQG OHJV 7DXW] S (honeybee.matatelinga.net)

benefit of nectar resource being closed to hive

- Proposal site _ Old Melbourne gaol backyard

original proposal

There are three existing water systems, which are rain water from rooftop, air conditional and the irrigation system for garden. These can be major water resource for bees and plants, which we are going to plant at there.

- Attraction to bee _ Old Melbourne gaol backyard

15. Prostanthera melissifolia_Balm Mint-bush Erect shrub 1–2 m high, aromatic; branches 4-ridged, moderately covered with short, curled hairs and ± sessile glands. Leaves with lamina ovate, 15–30 mm long, 10–15 mm wide; apex obtuse; base cuneate; sometimes broadly so, margins ± finely and regularly toothed, often slightly irregular; surfaces with short antrorse hairs restricted to midrib and veins. Flowers in terminal leafy to bracteose botryoids; bracteoles not persistent, 1–2.2 mm long. Calyx 4–5 mm long; tube 1.5–2.5 mm long; upper lobe 2–3 mm long, slightly enlarged in fruit. Corolla 8–12 mm long, mauve to purple or pink. Anthers appendage absent.

This is the site, where the largest number of bees can be found at RMIT city campus. Balm Mintbush is the most attractive nectar resource in the plant species at RMIT. Empty wall of OMG and existing garden space can be potential of nectar resource area. Moreover, the space satisfies a less noisy place, which is one of requirements of beekeeping place.

- Sunlight study_Old Melbourne gaol, Compare with original site

The amount of sunlight the place is exposed in a day is 3hours longer than original site. This is advantage to bee get the light longer in low temperature, such as winter. Moreover, this can be cause plants to facilitate easier. It is the most important requirement of beekeeping.

9AM

12PM

3PM

6PM Direction of sunlight

original site

proposal site

- Precedent projects_ hydroponic system Patrick Blanc The plants are rooted into a thick hydroponics membrane through which a nutrient enriched solution trickles, pumped up from a reservoir at the base of the wall which keeps the plants fed and watered. Plants have found a home on walls for centuries, but are sometimes incongruous with architecture, often breaking down the structural integrity of a building’s facade. Patrick Blanc’s Vertical Garden System, known as Le Mur Vegetal in French, allows both plants and buildings to live in harmony with one another. The botanist cum vertical landscape designer is probably best know for his gorgeous living wall on the Musée du Quai Branly in Paris (shown above). But Blanc’s Vertical Garden System can be implemented anywhere: indoors or out and in any climatic environment. The Vertical Garden can be used as an impressive outdoor system, or can be used indoors, with the help of artificial lighting. The natural benefits of the Vertical Garden are many: improved air quality, lower energy consumption, providing a natural shield between weather and inhabitants. No matter where you live, urban or suburban, cold or hot, indoors or out, the Vertical Garden brings a little bit of green to all.

The vertical garden on the wall of the Musée des Arts Premiers Quai Branly in Paris.

Fytowall The Fytowall vertical garden system consists of a series of modular panels containing a light weight, soil-less growing media in which a wide variety of plant species grow and thrive. A fully integrated hydroponic watering system supports the vegetated panels, which can be attached to any structural vertical surface including a wall, fence or balcony. At the time of installation, plants have been pre-grown in our nursery and trained for vertical orientation, to create an instant, well-established visual display.

August 2008: Spotlight Centre, South Melbourne. 20m2. An indoor wall for a new office construction with the plant array consisting of Ferns such as Staghorn, Pteris Umbrosa, Rainbow, Maidenhair and Boston, along with Black Mondo, Tall Green Mondo, Heuchera Purple Palace, Liriope Variegated, Liriope Muscari, Liriope Evergreen Giant, Liriope Spicta, Babys Tears, Spider Plant, Vresias and Brazilian Walking Iris.

May 2009: Marriott Hotel, Sydney. 22m2. Designer: Fytogreen. Project Manager: Intermain. Forecourt of Marriott Hotel in Sydney Hyde Park. Curved facade with a selection of grasses and indoor plants and ferns.

May 2009: Assumption College, Kilmore. 17.6m2 Architects: Y2 Architects. Designer: Fytogreen. Client: Assumption College. North facing wall at a lecture room entrance. Using indoor plants and ferns and some native grasses.

Week 7

Nectar with honey study

Luke & Areta_research

manuka honey / tea tree honey

banksia honey

Family: Myrtle (Myrtaceae) Scientific Name: Leptospermum laevigatum Other Common Name: Coastal Tea-tree

Scientific Name: Banksia integrifolia

Status: Native to South Australia, New South Wales, Tasmania and Victoria. Introduced to Western

Other Common Names: Honeysuckle, White Banksia, White Bottlebrush, White Honeysuckle, Honeysuckle Oak. Australia.

Plant Description: A grey-green shrub to small tree, growing from 2-8 m tall. Stems are fissured and the bark flakes in thin pale strips. Leaves are broad and blunt-tipped, to 3 cm long, stiff and flat. Flowers are white and about 20 mm diameter. The flower-cup (calyx) is hairless. Fruit are non-woody and flat-topped capsules with 6-11 cells. Habitat: Common on coastal sands from Port Phillip and eastwards. Good tolerance of salt-spray conditions. Comments: There are about 83 species of Tea-tree in Australia and 17 species in Victoria. Many grow in wet conditions but are usually associated with saline soils. Widely planted in gardens, Coast Tea-tree can become weedy where it escapes and invades local indigenous habitat, such as in western Victoria, northern New South Wales and South Africa.

Manuka is the aboriginal name for Tea-Tree*, which is commonly found through out Victoria. The honey produced from the Tea-Tree plant is said to contain many anti-bacterial properties. It may set like jelly or crystallize. It is a “full flavoured” honey.

Status: Native to Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria. Plant Description: A tree that can grow to 15 m tall but generally of less than 3 m wide and to 6 m tall to exposed coastal habitats. With a single stout trunk and rough grey bark, the species is often twisted and gnarled. Leaves are dark green with a white underside, growing in whorls of 3-5. Leaves are 4-20 cm long and 6-35 mm wide, with dentate margins when young but entire margins as adults. Flowers are cylindrical spikes, 10-12 cm high and 5 cm wide, consisting of several hundred flowers densely packed in a spiral around the main axis. Flowers are greenish or pinkish in bud, and yellow when mature. Fruit consists of ‘follicles’ attached to the maturing ‘cone’; each follicle containing 1-2 black seeds, 6-10 mm long. Habitat: Scattered along the coastline east of Queenscliff with isolated inland occurrences along the Glenelg River and on high spots in the Grampians.

The honey flavour is smooth, consistent and unique to Australia.

yellow box / yellow box honey

red gum honey

Form The Yellow Box is a tall, majestic tree which grows to a height of 30 metres and has narrow, grey-green leaves. The characteristics of the tree contributed to its name. It has a bright yellow inner layer of bark and early Australian settlers thought its durable wood similar to English Boxwood.

Family: Myrtaceae Genus: Eucalyptus- c. 800 species, with all but three or four endemic to Australia. Subgenus: Symphyomyrtus Scientific name: Eucalyptus camaldulensis

Flowering The Yellow Box has perfumed, cream coloured blossoms which are an excellent source of honey, hence its botanical name Melliodora which means honey-scented. It flowers from September to March.

Eucalyptus camaldulensis is a common and widespread tree along watercourses over much of mainland Australia. It is frequently a dominant component of riparian communities, and is an iconic and important species of the MurrayDarling catchment, both ecologically and economically.

Seeds The seed capsules develop after the Yellow Box has flowered and can last until the following spring.

Pollination Pollination is mainly by insects but also by birds and small mammals (CAB International, 2000).

Shade tolerance Yellow Box prefers full sun.

Flowering Eucalyptus flowers in most years from late spring to mid-summer (July to February according to Brooker and Kleinig, 1999, December to February according to Boland, 1984). Flowering intensity is variable and unpredictable from year to year. About 45% of flowers fail to mature (Dexter, 1978).

Garden use The Yellow Box is an attractive tree and is suited to large gardens and parklands. It requires a well drained soil and is drought tolerant. It can be used as an ornamental or amenity plant. Local distribution Eucalyptus leucoxylon is a food source and nesting site for birds. It also produces an abundance of nectar which will attract bees to your garden.

Eucalyptus melliodora, commonly known as Yellow Box is considered to be the best native tree for honey production, the honey produced has a delightful golden colour and an excellent taste. Smooth flavoured, very dense with a characteristic pleasant aroma.

Fruit/seed Fruit development and maturation time can be as short as four months (CAB International, 2000). Number of viable seeds per unit weight of a seedlot : mean 698,000/kg Eucalyptus species store little or none of their seed in the soil.

Medium amber in colour, has a slightly richer flavour than Yellow Box and is a very dense honey. Soft and delicate with hints of butter and almonds.

orange blossom honey

organic honey

Scientific name: Choisya ternata Common names: Sundance, Mexican orange blossom Choisya ternata is a bushy fully hardy perennial evergreen shrub with white flowers in early Summer and early Autumn. It grows well in direct sun, and prefers medium levels of water. The flowers are stellate shaped. It has high drought tolerance. Soil Choisya ternata â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Sundanceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; grows in soils ranging from a pH of 5 (extremely acidic ranges from 0 to 5.1) to 8.5 (alkaline ranges from 8.1 to 8.5). It is adapted to chalk, clay, clay loam, loam, loamy sand, peat, sandy clay, sandy clay loam and sandy loam soils. Growth This is a rounded shrub has an ultimate height of 2.5m / 8.2ft and spread of 2.5m / 8.2ft. It can take 11-15 years to reach its ultimate height. Exposure The plant prefers a sheltered situation. Scent A moderate pleasant scent is emitted from the flower. Uses Attractive foliage, borders, city courtyard garden, cottage informal garden, flowering shrub and wall side.

The aroma is fruity and rich and the texture is smooth with lots of body.

Our hives are placed in the middle of a large forest where the trees are free from chemicals and insecticides. Bees fly a maximum of 5km radius from their hive, which ensures that the honey produced here is organic. The honey is cold extracted and certified with Biological Farmers Australia. Also known as raw honey.

banksia honey _ popular species

Banksia Ericifolia, the Heath-leaved Banksia (also known as the Lantern Banksia, Heath Banksia or Red Cob Banksia), is a species of woody shrub of the Proteaceae family native to Australia. It grows as a large shrub up to 6 metres (20 ft) in height, though often smaller, around 1â&#x20AC;&#x201C;2 metres (3â&#x20AC;&#x201C;6 ft), in exposed places such as coastal or mountain heathlands. It flowers from June to August and may produce large qualities of honey and rich brick-red coloured pollen. The pollen of red cob banksia is of very high quality with a crude protein of 30% to 32% (Table 1) The problem with this banksia is that it burns very easily and takes several years to recover after fire. However, a stand of red cob banksia five years and older with good ground moisture may yield great rewards. Red cob banksia does not produce pollen on a regular basis, but most years it produces nectar. It produces large quantities of nectar and hives often produce a surplus of a light coloured, malt flavoured honey. Crops of 30 to 40 kg of honey per hive have been produced from the Broadwater heath. Due to the good quality pollen produced from red cob banksia the chances of nosema problems are reasonably low. However, a caution needs to be given, as sometimes this banksia does not yield pollen. The bees may be collecting fireweed pollen, which is bright orange and looks very much like banksia pollen. However it is low in protein. This may result in nosema disease in the bees, as they are collecting honey, it is winter, and the stress on the hive is high. If Banksia ericifolia does not produce pollen then the chances of hive population collapse is high. In such circumstances, supplementary feeding of the hives will be essential.

Banksia Ericifolia close up

Banksia Ericifolia, Banksia ericifolia inflorescences attract a variety of birds to the garden.Tough enough to be used as a street plant in parts of Sydney, B. ericifolia is a fairly easy plant to grow in the conditions it likes, namely a sandy, well drained soil and a sunny aspect. It requires extra water over dryer periods until established, which may take up to two years, as it comes from an area with rainfall in predominantly warmer months. It is resistant to Phytophthora cinnamomi dieback, like most eastern banksias. As it grows naturally on acid soils, Banksia ericifolia is particularly sensitive to iron deficiency. Known as chlorosis, this problem manifests as yellowing of new leaves with preservation of green veins; it can occur on plants grown in soils of high pH. This can happen especially where soil contains quantities of cement, either as landfill or building foundations, and can be treated with iron chelate or sulfate.Flowering may take some years from seed; a minimum of four years is average. Buying an advanced plant may hasten this process, as will getting a cutting-grown plant. Banksia ericifolia can be propagated easily by seed, and is one of the (relatively) easier banksias to propagate by cutting. Regular pruning is important to give the plant an attractive habit and prevent it from becoming leggy. Hard-pruning below green growth is not advisable with this banksia; since it lacks a lignotuber, it does not have dormant buds below the bark that respond to pruning or fire and therefore is unable to sprout from old wood as readily as commonly cultivated lignotuberous species, such as B. spinulosa and B. robur.

Table 1

Banksia Ericifolia full

Flowers Flower colour: orange Flowering season: winter Plant size Maximum height: 2 metres Minimum height: 1.5 metres Maximum width: 1 metres Minimum width: 1 metres Sunlight, frost & salt tolerance This plant will tolerate full or partial sunlight. Light frost tolerance. Plant is salt tolerant. Climate This plant species will grow in the following climates: temperate, subtropical. Soil types & conditions Loam: dry, moist, well-drained. Clay: dry, moist, well-drained. Sand: dry, moist, well-drained.

Banksia integrifolia (known as bottlebush or white honeysuckle) is mainly a small tree of coastal sand dunes where it is often one of the earliest trees to colonize the sand. It grows in moist soils, as long as waterlogging is not longterm. B. integrifolia grows best in full sun; in shady locations, it will grow towards the brightest area, giving it a leaning appearance. This is not the showiest banksia, but the best for urban use. The foliage is extremely thick and leathery, dark green on the upper surface and bright silver below. The flowers appear on 2-year-old growth and are up to 12cm long, and pale yellow. The seed heads are dark brown, and hold on the tree for many years (quite ornamental). B. integrifolia is an excellent upright tree that should be considered in many sites, especially where a narrow plant is required. It will grow well in any non-compacted, sandy soil, and will tolerate full coastal exposure well. The species occurs also to a limited extent away from coastal dunes such specimens often have leaves with distinctly toothed margins. Its cream flowers are group densely in a rigid bottlebrush. B. integrifolia produces a dark amber-coloured honey of middling quality and therefore low commercial value. Despite this, the species is highly valued by beekeepers because it produces large amounts of pollen and nectar during autumn and winter, thus helping support hives at a time when little else is flowering. The flowers supply good quantities of pollen and nectar and although the honey is of poor quality the species is useful supporting hives during autumn and early winter when flowering, in general , is sparse. Climate parameters Mean annual rainfall: 850-1200 mm Rainfall distribution pattern: summer, uniform or winter Mean annual temperature: 6-27 °C Mean max. temperature of the hottest month: 27-32 °C Mean min. temperature of the coldest month: 3-13 °C Frosts (approx. no. per year): frost free or more or less frost free or up to 20 Frost intensity: light to moderate (0 to -5°C) Altitude: 0-200 metres Soil factors Texture: clay loam, loam, sandy loam, sandy clay loam or sand Frost: tolerates frosts in the 0° to -5°C range Extremes in texture: sand Salinity: nil - sensitive to saline soils or slight tolerance (2-4 dS m-1)

Banksia sessilis, commonly known as Parrot Bush or dryandra sessilis (known until 2007), is a species of shrub or tree in the plant genus Banksia in the Proteaceae family. The species is spread throughout southwest Western Australia, it is found on sandy soils over laterite or limestone, often as an understorey plant in open forest, woodland or shrubland. Encountered as a shrub or small tree up to 6 m (20 ft) in height, it has prickly dark green leaves and dome-shaped cream-yellow flowerheads. It is a hardy plant that tolerates a wide range of soils and conditions, including drought and moderate frost. It flowers heavily, and produces an abundance of honey. Flowering from winter through to late spring, it provides a key source of food—both the nectar and the insects it attracts—for honeyeaters in the cooler months, and species diversity is reduced in areas where there is little or no parrot bush occurring. Several species of honeyeater, some species of native bee, and the European Honey Bee seek out and consume the nectar, while the Long-billed Black Cockatoo and Australian Ringneck eat the seed. The life cycle of Banksia sessilis is adapted to regular bushfires. Killed by fire and regenerating by seed afterwards, each shrub generally produces many flowerheads and a massive amount of seed. It can recolonise disturbed areas, and may grow in thickets. Honey that comes from this bush is mild honey that is well suited to “darker” baking.

Mature Height of B.Integrifolia

B.Integrifolia full

Close up

Banksia Sessilis full

Close up

Acacia pycnantha is also known as Golden Wattle. The species grows to between 2 and 8 metres in height with generally smooth, dark brown to grey bark. The mature trees do not have true leaves but have long, sickle-shaped phyllodes. These are shiny and dark green and are between 8 and 20 cm long and 0.5 to 3.5 cm wide. The rounded inflorescences are bright yellow and occur in axillary racemes or terminal panicles in groupings of between 4 and 23. These are followed by flattish, straight or slightly curved pods which are 5 to 14 cm long and 0.5 to 0.8 cm wide. Acacia Honey is made from nectar collected from Acacia tree blossoms which produce a honey that is remarkably clear and pure. honey that labeled under the term Acacia honey is type of honey that produced by bees from false acacia known as black locust, it is one of the most popular and sweetest honey varieties because of its mild delicate floral taste. It can remain in a liquid state for a long period of time due to its high concentration of fructose. Because of its low sucrose content, it is a great choice for diabetics. Known for its therapeutic action, Acacia cleanses the liver, regulates the intestine, and is anti-inflammatory for the respiratory system. This honey is excellent for sweetening without altering the taste or the aroma of beverages.

Climate parameters Mean annual rainfall: 200-850 mm Rainfall distribution pattern uniform or winter Mean annual temperature: 8-20 °C Mean max. temperature of the hottest month: 22-34 °C Mean min. temperature of the coldest month: -2-9 °C Frosts per year: frost free or more or less frost free or up to 20 Frost intensity: light to moderate (0 to -5°C) Altitude: 5-1100 metres Tolerance of climate extremes Drought: known to be moderately drought tolerant Fire: killed by damaging fire does not regenerate foliage Frost: tolerates frosts in the 0° to -5°C range Soil factors Texture clay loam, duplex texture contrast soils, heavy clay (greater than 50% clay), light to medium clay (35-50% clay), loam, sandy loam, sandy clay loam or sand Soil pH reaction: acidic (less than 6.5), neutral (6.5-7.5) or alkaline (greater than 7.5) Soil depth: skeletal to shallow (less than 30 cm) Drainage: well-drained Salinity: slightly to moderately saline or non-saline Tolerance of adverse soils Extremes in pH: acidity Extremes in texture: clayey or sand Salinity: nil - sensitive to saline soils or slight (2-4 dS m-1) Soil waterlogging tolerance: nil - sensitive to waterlogged soils Biological traits under cultivation Habit: evergreen shrub less than 2 m tall or shrub or small tree less than 5 m tall, can be multi-stemmed from or near ground level Longevity: short-lived less than 15 years Growth rate: fast Coppicing ability: nil or negligible Root system: shallow and spreading, fixes nitrogen via root symbiot Erosion control potential: excellent for clayey sites or excellent for sandy sites Wood density: mod. to high (greater than 600 kg/cubic metre) Carbon sequestration potential: low-moderate Uses Potential farm use: good ornamental attributes Specialty products: pollen has value for apiculture, high tannin content in bark, seeds are edible (used traditionally by Aborigines) Traditional Aboriginal uses: gum or resin (eaten or for adhesives) or seeds/fruits eaten Urban use: good as an ornamental or amenity plant Wildlife value: a critical food source for at least one species Wood products: high quality fuelwood Potentially undesirable attributes Fire sensitivity: killed by severe fires (seeder) Growth habit: shallow roots may outcompete adjacent plants Weediness: listed at least once as a declared weed species or high potential based on its biology Left: Acacia Pycnantha (Golden Wattle) Right : Close up image of Acacia

Creamed Honey

Capeweed

Canola (Rapeseed)

Clover

The nectar source for creamed honey is selected from the many nectar sources flowering in spring amongst the pasture and food crops on Kangaroo Island. These plants rely upon pollination by bees to set seeds and they yield a generous supply of nectar. Pollination by bees increases crop yield by up to 30% with larger and heavier seeds resulting. Spring flora honey is produced from various spring flowering species such as clover, lucerne, canola, capeweed and other pasture plants. Spring flora honey is a light colour honey with good density and a distinctive, mild flavour. Creamed honey is a controlled candying where a percentage of finely granulated candied honey is added to a suitable honey. This is stirred at 12 hourly intervals for several minutes to thoroughly mix the honey and to break the crystal formations into small even grain size, ensuring a spreadable honey. The process takes between 2 - 7 days depending on honey type. When the honey has reached the correct viscosity it is bottled and left to set into a firm texture. It will then remain as a smooth paste indefinitely, unless heated. Creamed honey should be stored at room temperature and out of direct sunlight. The best creamed honeys are derived from plants such as clover and other annual flowering species.

reference

creamed honey

Mild pure honey is whipped. This gives a creamy smooth paste consistency. It will not alter over time. Contains no additives.

http://www.metrotrees.com.au/treehandbook/page-listings/banksia-integrifolia.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banksia_integrifolia http://www.honeybee.com.au/Library/pollen/ericifolia.html http://www.gardeningwithangus.com.au/plant-description.php?botanic-name=Banksia%20 ericifolia&cultivar=Little%20Eric&plant-id=56 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banksia_ericifolia http://www.metrotrees.com.au/treehandbook/page-listings/banksia-integrifolia.html http://www.florabank.org.au/lucid/key/species%20navigator/media/html/Banksia_integrifolia.htm http://www.florabank.org.au/lucid/key/species%20navigator/media/html/Acacia_pycnantha.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacia_pycnantha http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banksia_sessilis http://www.itsnature.org/plant_life/trees-plants/parrot-bush/ http://www.users.on.net/~hogbay/hogbay6.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacia_pycnantha

Week 8

Prototype design_vertical garden with hive

Together

- Idea sketch_ vertical garden WHY, HOW? Vertical garden can cause decrease temperature on wall and it will be natural cooling system during summer. Moreover, it will absorb radiant heat from sunlight as well With sufficient plants surrounding hive, it is benefit to product maximum amount of honey in a day. These nectar resources will decide type of honey products, which we researched in week 7.

tempurature comparision with different surface

Hydroponic system

microclimate from vertical garden deal with nectar resource

vertical garden structure and planting design

- Vertical garden and green roof_ system research

Energy Efficiency and Environmental Benefits of Rooftop Gardens By Karen Liu Vegetation, primarily forests, has been identified as an important component of any strategy to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, through the sequestration of carbon in the woody biomass of trees. Given the limited space available for additional trees in many North American metropolitan cities, new adaptation strategies such as placing the vegetation directly on building roofs (rooftop gardens) become especially attractive. Rooftop gardens or green roofs are found throughout Europe. Germany, in particular, has carried out a significant amount of technical research to improve the various roofing components. Here at home, Canada has agreed to reduce GHG emissions by six per cent relative to 1990 levels by 2008-2012. Rooftop gardens may be a part of the solution. Rooftop gardens offer many benefits to an urban area. They can reduce energy demand on space conditioning, and hence GHG emissions, through direct shading of the roof, evapotranspiration and improved insulation values. If widely adopted, rooftop gardens could reduce the urban heat island, which would decrease smog episodes, problems associated with heat stress and further lower energy consumption. They could also help to improve storm water management if sufficiently implemented in an urban area. Part of the rain is stored in the growing medium temporarily, and will be taken up by the plants and returned to the atmosphere through evapotranspiration. Rooftop gardens delay run-off into the sewage system, thus helping to reduce the frequency of combined sewage overflow events, which is a significant problem for many major cities in North America. The plants and the growing medium can also filter out airborne pollutants washed off in the rain, thus improving the quality of the run-off. In addition, rooftop gardens can increase membrane durability, provide additional green space in urban areas, and increase property values. Even though rooftop gardens represent an inexpensive adaptation strategy, technical information on their thermal performance and environmental benefits, in a Canadian context, is not available. The National Research Council of Canada (NRC), in collaboration with Environment Canada, the Climate Change Action Fund and members of the Canadian roofing industry, is leading a research project to study the various benefits of this technology. The objectives of this project are to identify sensitivities to climate

Heat flow measurement showed that the average daily energy demand due to the heat flow through the rooftop garden was less than that of the reference roof in the spring and summer

The components and instrumentation of the rooftop garden and the reference roof.

Temperature profile within the roofing systems on a hot, sunny summer day indicated that the rooftop garden reduced the temperature fluctuations within the roofing system.

Reference http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/obj/irc/doc/pubs/nrcc45345/nrcc45345.pdf

- Vertical garden_ structure [mentor suggestion]

Vertical Garden Design Ideas Create large vertical gardens

Wall Fixing

Gro-Wall™ can be easily fixed to masonry, sheet metal, timber and other surfaces using appropriate fasteners. 20 mm

225 mm

for adding fertiliser or repotting if required. Liquid fertiliser and nutrients can also be fed through the drip irrigation system.

Reusable R eusable bl m moisture e retaining ba bags

205 mm

on the top row of the Gro-Wall™ vertical garden.

SIDE VIEW SI

Easily create double sided vertical gardens

system is irrigated with water dripping vertically

Fertliser F

from plant to plant. P Potting ttii Mi Mix

Drip System

Typical Irrigation Setup

Moisture Retention

Drip System

Moisture Retention

Gro-Wall™ modules

SIDE VIEW SID

FRO FRONT O VIEW

205 mm

Conventional drip irrigation system is installed With the aid of gravity the remainder of the

410 mm

of the system allows access to individual plants

Fences, single or double sided

1. Gro-Wall™ module 2. Wall Fastner 3. Wall Structure

205 mm

easy to maintain and irrigate. The modular nature

CLOS SED

OPE O PEN

Atlantis Gro-Wall™ vertical garden system is

165 mm

Easy Maintenance & Irrigation

- Vertical garden_Hydroponic System Diagram

Melbourne Old Gaol alley Vertical Garden Concept Elevation

300 mm from the bottom of the wall. In most cases the walls are flat at a true 90 degrees. The angle however will prevent the irrigation water from dripping of the leaves allowing it to follow the angle of roots media

- Soil type & production_ utilzing in vertical garden

The ideal potting soil is solid enough to anchor roots, but loose enough to allow quick root growth, good drainage, and the free flow of air. It also retains moisture without getting soggy. The traditional houseplant potting soil contains equal parts black loam (good garden soil), peat moss, and perlite. The garden soil is quite heavy and provides a solid base of earth for the plant. Its finer particles (mainly clay) retain nutrients. Peat moss is light and absorbs lots of water, keeping the growing medium moist. The perlite acts as a spacer so that roots can grow freely. It also keeps the soil from compacting and becoming waterlogged. Tip: Dry peat moss sheds cool water. When moistening peat for the first time, use hot water. Many other materials can replace these three. Coarse sand and vermiculite are two of the most common. Shredded bark and charcoal are used in special instances, as for growing orchids and bromeliads. To replace peat moss, some gardeners use compost, leaf mold (decomposed leaves), or rotted horse manure.

equal parts black loam

peat moss

perlite Whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Perlite? Perlite is a volcanic effusive rock whose colour varies between gray and pink, and chemical composition is the same as rhyolites and dacites. Perlite has the capacity to expand its own volume until 20 times since the original when heated at high temperatures, nearly to its softening point. The expansion is due to water confined in the pores of the rock because of the sudden cooling while magma gets out of the volcano.

POTTING SOIL

- Planter box materials

01.01 TOP SOIL

01.02 ORGANIC MATTER

Contains organic matter; Supports plant life; A pH in the range of 5 - 8. Is free from unwanted matter such as: – stones over 25 mm diameter; – clay lumps; – weeds and tree roots; – sticks and rubbish; – material toxic to plants; – is approved by the Superintendent for reuse on site as topsoil;

The organic matter must be of a stable, particulate (high porosity) and well composted type such as pine bark, peat, coir, or well-composted sawdust. Organic layer must not consist of matter such as Fresh green waste; Mushroom compost; Manures (fresh stable or freshly composted); Fine soil components. Must not be over 250mm as outlined in documented drawings 01.03

DRAINAGE LAYER

Drainage Material shall consist of the following: Drainage layer material is to be clean,

Table 1 Topsoil Properties Schedule Property

Type

Amount

Nutrient levels

Phosphorus (P) (mg/L)

0.7 - 4

crushed rock / scoria / coarse sand, of 20 mm particle size. Fine Mesh (<5mm) layer at bottom to hold shape and prevent material loss

Potassium (K) (mg/L)

35 - 250

Sulfur (S) (mg/L)

greater than 40

Installation of the coarse sand transition layer and soil filter media is to be undertaken carefully to avoid displacement of the layers. On the placement of each layer a light compaction (e.g. with a light tapper) is to be undertaken to minimise subsidence and prevent uneven drainage.

Calcium (Ca) (mg/L)

50 - 350

Must not be over 50mm as outlined in documented drawings.

Nitrogen (N) (mg/L)

100 or less

Manganese (Mn) (mg/L)

1 - 15

Additives

Gypsum (% by volume)

Compost Other properties Organic matter (% by mass) 20 Soil reaction

pH 6.7

Soluble salts (% by mass)

0.1

Moisture content (% by mass) Toxicity index to AS 3743

Must not be more than 200mm as outlined in documented drawings.

01.03 VEGETATION All vegetation brought to site must be: Free of disease; Standard size for age and species of plant; In healthy condition; At sizes shown on documented drawings. All vegetation must be planted correctly into top soil: Vertically Roots teased (depending on root structure of plant); Limit top soil coverage that comes in contact with plants stem (prevent rotting of the stem of plant); Well watered once in the ground. Vegetation being used: Banksia integrifolia Banksia ericifolia … 01.04 WATERING As mentioned above, plants must be watered immediately after planting, apply water to each plant. Apply water in a moderate stream to the planting hole until the material around the roots is completely saturated. Water will from then on mostly be supplied from roof top. However in drier times of the year the client will have to make sure plants are in a healthy state and getting enough water

- Initial sketch_ plants schedule

From planting schedule, we deal with the most attractive plants for bees in RMIT city campus. this is positive proof be able to growth these plants in that area.

water system

- Idea sketch_ first design of hive, what is the most efficient way of honey production?

Due to the close operation of hives, front slide honey chamber is inevitable. It seems to a drawer.

drawer type of honey chamber

- Prototype site model_ the operation of hives on the wall of Old Melbouren Gaol water tank collect rain water

rooftop garden

balcony garden

vertical & rooftop garden

Week 9

Design process_ microclimate for bee hive

Together

- Fabrication research_ build a bee hive

Using finger joint to build each box of hive and this is fixed by nails due to permeability of exterior area. reference http://www.bees-and-beekeeping.com/build-a-bee-hive.html

- Material research_ major material

Plywood is a manufactured wood panel made from thin sheets of wood veneer. It is one of the most widely used wood products. It is flexible, inexpensive, workable, re-usable, and can usually be locally manufactured. Plywood is used instead of plain wood because of its resistance to cracking, shrinkage, splitting, and twisting/warping, and its general high degree of strength. Plywood layers (called veneers) are glued together with adjacent plies having their grain at right angles to each other. Cross-graining has several important benefits: it reduces the tendency of wood to split when nailed at the edges, it reduces expansion and shrinkage equating to improved dimensional stability, and it makes the strength of the panel consistent across both directions. There are usually an odd number of plies so that the sheet is balanced—this reduces warping. Because of the way plywood is bonded (with grains running against one another and with an odd number of composite parts) it is very hard to bend it perpendicular to the grain direction Softwood plywood Softwood panel is usually made either of cedar, Douglas fir or spruce, pine, and fir (collectively known as spruce-pine-fir or SPF) or redwood and is typically used for construction and industrial purposes.[1] The most common dimension is 1.2 m × 2.4 m or the slightly larger imperial dimension of 4 feet × 8 feet. Plies vary in thickness from 1.4mm to 4.3mm. The amount of plies depends on the thickness and grade of the sheet but atleast 3. Roofing can use the thinner 5/8” (15mm) plywood. Subfloors are at least 3/4” (18mm) thick, the thickness depending on the distance between floor joists. Plywood for flooring applications is often tongue and groove; This prevents one board from moving up or down relative to its neighbor, so providing a solid feeling floor when the joints do not lie over joists. T&G plywood is usually found in the 1/2” to 1” (12-21mm) range

reference en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plywood http://free-ed.net/free-ed/Resources/Trades/carpentry/Building01/ default.asp?iNum=0202

- Fabrication research_ joint

Finger Joint This joint is a positive permanent strong joint when fixed using adhesive. The long length of glued area is very beneficial to the resulting strength. The in-line version is often used to produce a long length of timber / glued laminate from shorter lengths. The corner version is used for producing strong drawers boxes etc. The joint if made even stronger if the fingers are made using dovetail form..see below.

Types of nails

reference http://www.constructionwork.com/resources_details_1389nails_types.html http://www.jklqd.cn/En-MyProduct.aspx?proid=19

- Material research_ major material of water system

Nonwoven fabric Nonwoven fabric is a fabric-like material made from long fibres, bonded together by chemical, mechanical, heat or solvent treatment. The term is used in the textile manufacturing industry to denote fabrics, such as felt, which are neither woven nor knitted. Nonwoven materials typically lack strength unless densified or reinforced by a backing. In recent years, nonwovens have become an alternative to polyurethane foam. Applications Nonwoven fabrics are broadly defined as sheet or web structures bonded together by entangling fibre or filaments (and by perforating films) mechanically, thermally or chemically. They are flat, porous sheets that are made directly from separate fibres or from molten plastic or plastic film. They are not made by weaving or knitting and do not require converting the fibres to yarn. Typically, a certain percentage of recycled fabrics and oil-based materials are used in nonwoven fabrics. The percentage of recycled fabrics vary based upon the strength of material needed for the specific use. Conversely, some nonwoven fabrics can be recycled after use, given the proper treatment and facilities. For this reason, some consider nonwovens a more ecological fabric for certain applications, especially in fields and industries where disposable or single use products are important, such as hospitals, schools, nursing homes and luxury accommodations. Nonwoven fabrics are engineered fabrics that may be a limited life, single-use fabric or a very durable fabric. Nonwoven fabrics provide specific functions such as absorbency, liquid repellence, resilience, stretch, softness, strength, flame retardancy, washability, cushioning, filtering, use as a bacterial barrier and sterility. These properties are often combined to create fabrics suited for specific jobs, while achieving a good balance between product use-life and cost. They can mimic the appearance, texture and strength of a woven fabric and can be as bulky as the thickest paddings. In combination with other materials they provide a spectrum of products with diverse properties, and are used alone or as components of apparel, home furnishings, health care, engineering, industrial and consumer goods.

Planter bag Strong weather resistant woven polypropylene bags. Can be used as a general purpose carry bag for rubbish, firewood etc or used as a planting bag for potatoes, other produce or ornamental plants. Ideal where there is limited garden space or as temporary â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;accommodationâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; for plants on the move. Can be re-used over several years. It provides extra strength and life expectancy, built in handles for easy carrying, and made from woven UV treated polypropylene.

Fibrous cement Fibro, the shortened form of “Fibrous Cement” - or “Fibrous Asbestos Cement”, FAC, is a building material made of compressed fibres cemented into rigid sheets. While “Fibro” has been used in a number of countries, it is in Australia where its use was the most widespread. Manufactured and sold by James Hardie until the mid 1980s “Fibro” in all its forms was a very popular building material. The fibres involved were almost always Asbestos based. The use of “Fibro” has since been banned in several countries, including Australia itself, due to its high asbestos content. Asbestos is directly related to a number of deadly disease including, asbestosis, pleural mesothelioma (lung) and peritoneal mesothelioma (abdomen). Specifications Sheet sizes vary slightly from manufacturer to manufacturer but generally they range between 2400 – 3000 mm in length and 900 –1200mm in width (600 & 450 mm increments). This manufactured size minimizes on-site wastage as residential floor, wall and roof structures lay structural members at 450 or 600 centres. Fibre cement thicknesses vary between 4.5-18mm and also vary in density – the lower density resulting in a fibrous rough edge when cut and the higher density having a cleaner smoother edge when cut. Thermal resistance and sound transmission vary greatly between fiber cement products. Fiber cement sheet products rate poorly in thermal resistance and sound transmission and separate wall insulation is highly recommended. Generally the thicker and denser the product the better resistance it will have to temperature and sound transmission.

fibrous cement cutter

- Material research_ polystyrene

Isolite® RMAX Isolite® expanded polystyrene

TECHNICAL DATA

Design thermal properties As Australian Standard 1366 Part 3 is a minimum conformance standard, the thermal resistances quoted will be achieved, as a minimum, in 97.5% of cases in a statistical sample, when tested at a mean sample temperature of 23ºC. Thermal resistance varies with mean insulation temperature, where mean insulation temperature is the average of the temperature on either side of the insulation. For design purposes the average thermal resistance is a better guide than the minimum thermal resistance. A full listing of design thermal conductivity values for each class of EPS at differing mean temperatures is shown on Table 8.

W/mk

0.04

0.03

100 3 kg/m

Fig. 7: Thermal conductivity at 10ºC v density

Concrete Brick Glass EPS Concrete Wood Compressed Wood Fibreglass EPS – Class SL EPS – Class VH

0.04 0.043 0.048 0.12 0.35 0.83 1.0 1.13 1.28

Low temperature operation Isolite® does not become brittle at sub-zero temperatures. The testing of specimens at –75ºC for 48 hours demonstrates no loss of impact resistance compared with specimens tested at +23ºC. It is able to withstand temperature cycling and thereby assure long term performance without the loss of structural integrity of physical properties; core specimens taken from 20 year old freezer rooms show no deterioration. Unlike some other insulating materials, the K value of Isolite® decreases at lower average mean temperatures (See Fig.9).

Fig. 8: Typical R Values, various insulating materials 50mm thick

W/mk

0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 -200

-150

-100

-50

Fig. 9: Indicative thermal conductivity v temperature

% +40

+30

High temperature operation

+20 +10

The effect of elevated temperatures on the mechanical properties is an accelerating decline in the values shown in (Fig.1 to 5) until at approximately 85ºC the so-called zero strength is reached. (See Fig.10). Isolite® should not be continuously exposed to temperatures in excess of 80ºC as expansion and blistering may occur.

30 -20 -10

20 -30

60 o

-20 -10 -40

Fig. 10: Change in stress at 10% deformation, relative to K value at 20ºC, v temperature

- Process of design [hive]_ problem & answer empty space

Answer1: keep current rectangular shape of bee hive rather than fit into hexagon shape. This creates the abandoned space, which are both sides of hive. Problem1: Efficient honey chamber with hexagon shape

keep 2 layers

Answer2: preserve current bee hive system and apply the seasonal module to deal with seasonal preparation of bee keeping. Problem 2: Have not though about the system of hive

Answer3: the abandoned space from answer1 can apply the space for planting. It causes natural cooling during summer, which we research last week. planting planting area HIVE HIVE

Problem 3: withouth deal with microclimate in design

planting area

- Process of design [hive]_ seasonal module system

Sun cap has design on the top front of hive to avoid from direct sunlight. But it makes hive heavy, so it will not hive anchor into wall. Light material should be concerned, such as plastic sheet.

summer module

super

sun cap

winter module

Follow the winter preparation of beekeeping, keeping warm in the hive is the most important to survive bees in the winter. So, polystyrene install into a whole of side space. The main function of polystyrene is not the increase of temperature. It maintains current temperature a long time. In other word, it possesses superb insulating quality. Thus, after bee increasing the heat in the hive, this module will keep that temperature.

super

broodbox broodbox

ploystyrene sugar cake

What is the best method of cooling system in summer? We have already got answer. It is â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;plantingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. From rooftop garden research, it effects to reduce of cooling energy in summer up to 20%. Thus, the installation of minor planting module in summer could be the suitable for cooling system of hive during high temperature.

- Process of design [planting module]_ meeting discussion with mentor FIRST MEETING

700

Drip watering Fibrous concrete Vegetation support layer Non-woven system filter

Mentor’s suggestion: Have a look of drip watering system, understand how it works in the real system. Mentor’s suggestion: how big is the support layer? how to make it strong enough in vertical way?

Drainage element

SECOND MEETING

250 10

Drip watering Chipping covering Fibrous-reinforced concrete

Planting

Question: Could’t find shop or factory sells fibrous-reinforced concrete.

Mentor’s suggestion: Choose material instead, have a look of fibrous cement sheet, same quality and function.

480

605

Vegetation support layer 1/8 according to FLL approx 175mm

Polythene drainage elements filled with bulk mineral material

Non-woven system filter 100 g, filter system FF35

Wood, with waterproof surface 195 Moisture retention

Drip watering & liquid fertiliser and nutrients

Fibrous cement sheet w=5mm Vegetation support layer 1/8 according to FLL approx 180mm

FINAL FORM Enables localised moisture retention and access to individual plants, creating optimum conditions for a successful vertical garden. Conventional drip irrigation system is installed on the top row of the vertical garden. With the aid of gravity the remainder of the system is irrigated with water dripping vertically from plant to plant. Liquid fertiliser and nutrients can also be fed through the drip irrigation system.

562

Non-woven filter layer 10mm

Mentor’s suggestion: what’s this elements? is it drainage system? then how it works?

Planting

Ease utilising natural soil mixes to retain nutrients

Atlantis Water Management Victoria

15 20 250

JOHN JOSH 30 Venture Drive, Sunshine, VIC 3020 Australia PHONE: 1300 38 28 38

Week 10/11

Specification & 1:1 Fabrication

350

570

5 1

606

329

째 30

PLANTING FRAME CONSTRUCTION Section

1:5

Wendy_planting module specification Dohyung_hive specification [specification is not inculded in this journal] Together_ fabrication of 1:1moduler

- Development plan of vertical garden_ potential of vertical garden area in the future

Beginning

Years Later Potential development of vertical garden

- Effect of vertical & rooftop garden

green roof, vertical garden and horizontal landscape improve microclimate conditions.

light reaching the ground floor has been filtered and scateered by the plants. only a small proportion of the incoming radiation reaches the ground and building surface directly. so, the plants becomes a natural canopy fot bees and beehives to reduce temporature and balance living conditions in this certain functional space.

Micro-climate system

- Water system [rainy day]

the plants catch the rainwater sormwater tank catchs the rainwater at the same time, and recycling the waster from roof garden system to reuse.

the plants catch the rainwater

as the plants catch enough water, the waster water will go through the whole surface of honey-garden as a natural water flow system immediately

at the same time, the water tank will also provide watering demand

Rainning water

Water tank water

Water system coorporate with rainwater

- Water system [dry day]

stormwater tank installed on the top of the building to support both of roof garden and vertical honey garden, by recycling the daily waste water and rain water. in order to serve for a large planting idea, and bigger idea in the future.

Stormwater tank

- Fabrication_ planting module [frame]

BC Premium plywood

Join each face with 120degree flat make brackets

Hold each faces with masking tape

Join back and side faces with nails

Fit into back face and side faces

- Fabrication_ planting module [hydroponic system]

install fibrous cement sheet

dig a hole for plants growth

install mesh & planter bag

install water filter

install water pipe

nail a whole system

- Fabrication_ hive

cut the joints of faces

trim the edge of joint with file

repeat to the other faces

hold the joints with nails

fold certain lenth of mesh

join to frame with scraw

repeat this to the other componets of hive

trim certain degree of angle at the end of edge

cut triangle shape and draw anchor hole

drill up to make anchor hole

- Fabrication_ hive

assemble each layer of hive

make the cradle to hold each components

anchor each components with cradle

complete

insert seasonal moudule system

- 1:1 Moduler_ planting module

- 1:1 Moduler_ hive