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cfof]usf] sfo{If]q M ca aGg] pRr lzIff cfof]usf] sfo{If]q lgwf{/0f ubf{ ;+ 3 Lotfleq lzIffsf /fli6« o p2]Zox¿sf] :ki6 ls6fgL / p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu pko'Qm lzIff gLlt, sfo{gLlt / /0fgLlt lgdf{0fdf a9L Wofg lbg'kg]{ b]lvG5 . afn ljsf; s]Gb|b]lv pRr lzIff;Dd s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/n] s] lhDdf lng] , k| b ] z ;/sf/n] s'g–s'g sfd lhDdf lng] / :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] e"ldsf s] x'g] eGg] s'/fsf] klg lgSof{]n x'g' h?/L 5 . ljBfno ;~rfngdf :yfgLo hg;d'bfosf] e"ldsf s] /xg] eGg] k|Zg klg pl7/xsf] cj:yf 5 . o;}sf] ;]/f]km]/f]df lgDg k|dv ' r'gf}tLsf] hjfkm cfof]usf] k|ltj]bgn] ;d]6\g ;Sg' k 5{ .

– ;fd'bflos ljBfnox¿sf] :t/f]Gglt ub}{ s;/L u'0f:t/Lo agfpg] / ;fd'bflos tyf lghL, cfjf;Lo ljBfnoaLrsf] ljBdfg u'0f:t/ b"/L s;/L 36fpFb} n}hfg] .

– lxdfn, kxf8 / t/fO{sf k|fs[lts ;| f ] t –;fwgb] l v ;fdflhs / ;f+ : s[ l ts hghLjgnfO{ ;d] 6 \ b } ;fdflhs ;b\ e fj a9fpg] , g}ltstfsf] 1fg lbg] / /fi6«k|]dL gful/s pTkfbg ug] { ;dfj] z L kf7\ o qmd lgdf{ 0 f . ‘ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt tyf SofDk; ;~rfns÷Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] cWoIf rogdf kfOPsf] ckljq xf]8afhL / /fhgLlts/0fsf] cGTo tyf k|fl1s dof{bf sfod u/fpg] .

– xfnsf] a]/f]huf/Lsf] l:yltnfO{ 36fpFb} cfkm\g} Joj;fodf lge{/ x'g;Sg], cWoogkZrft\ :jb]zdf dfq geO{ ljb]zdf ;d]t sfd kfpg;Sg] k|fljlws / Jofj;flos lzIffnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg] .

– xfn u0fgf ul/Psf !^÷!& k|sf/sf lzIfs ;]jfnfO{ s/f/, c:yfoL / :yfoLh:tf kf/bzL{ ;+/rgfleq /fv]/ lzIfs ;]jfnfO{ s;/L ;'ljwf;DkGg, dof{lbt / k|fl1s st{Jolgi7 agfpg] eGg] s'/fdf Wofg lbg'k5{ .

– lzIffsf] hu afnljsf; s]Gb|nfO{ k| e fjsf/L agfpF b } ;fwf/0f, k|fljlws / Jofj;flos lzIffsf ;Gbe{ d f ljBfnob] l v pRr lzIff;Ddsf kf7\oqmdnfO{ dlxnf, afnaflnsf, cGwf, ckf·d}qL Pj+ u'0f:t/sf lx;fan] kl/dflh{t / ;do;fk]If agfpg] .

– ljBfno txb]lv pRr lzIffsf] ;~rfngdf s]Gb|Lo / k|fb]lzs ;/sf/ Pj+ :yfgLo lgsfo, gful/s ;dfh / Joj:yfkg ;ldltnfO{ hjfkmb]xL agfpg] .

– cfh;Dd dxTj glbPsf] cg';Gwfgsf] af6f]nfO{ k|fyldstf lbP/ cufl8 a9fpg] / cg' ; Gwfgaf6 k| f Kt lgis{ z / pknlAwnfO{ kf7\oqmd leq s;/L ;dfj]z ug]{ <

– ;dodf g} b]zsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfnodf kf7\ok':ts pknAw u/fpg]af/] hgs lzIff ;fdu| L s] G b| n fO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] jf cGo pkfo ckgfpg] .

– cfh;Ddsf] cg'ejdf sdhf]/ /x]sf z}lIfs sfo{qmdx¿sf] cg'udgsf] kIfnfO{ pkof] u L / k| e fjsf/L agfpg] .

– d'n'ssf] ;du| z}lIfs cj:yfsf] cWoog–cg';Gwfg / ;do;fk]If gLlt lgdf{0fdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] tyf ;do;dodf lzIff If] q sf] lrGtgdgg\ ug{ dxTjk"0f{ ‘/fli6«o lzIff ;ldlt’ :yfoL ¿k lbg] u/L u7g ug]{ . ;j{ k IfLo lj1 cfof] u M s] x L lbgclw ;~rf/dfWodx¿df pRr:t/Lo lzIff cfof]u u7gsf] ;dfrf/n] v';Lsf] nx/ NofPsf] eP klg cfof]usf] k|:tfljt pkfWoIf lqe' j g ljZjljBfnosf k" j { pks'nklt s]bf/eQm dfy]dfn] cfkm" cs}{ sfddf cyf{t\ ;/sf/n] u7g u/]sf] :jf:Yo gLlt agfpg] ;ldltdf ePsfn] pQm cfof]udf sfd ug{ g;Sg] atfpg' eof] . pxfF s f] hjfkmn] pRr:t/Lo lzIff cfof]u u7gdf 7]; nfu]sf] / af6}df cNdlng k'u]sf] dxz'; ePsf] 5 . To:t} sf7df08f}F ljZjljBfnosf k" j { pks' n klt ;' / ] z /fh zdf{ / k| f =8f= pk] G b| sf]O/fnf ;d]tn] pQm cfof]udf sfd gug] { eGg] cfzosf cleJolQm ahf/df 5tf5'Nn x'gk'Uof] . Toltdfq geO{ lzIff dGqLsf] cWoIftfdf u7g x'gnfu]sf] !& ;b:oLo cfof]uk|lt ul/Psf] l6sfl6Kk0fLn] cfof] u ;j{kIfLo gx'g,] cfof]usf] nflu rflxg] lj1x¿sf] cefj x'g] xf] ls eGg] lrGtfn] 7fpF kfPsf] 5 . d'n's ;+3Lo eO;s]kl5 lzIff gLlt klg ;f] x L cg' ¿ k aGg'k5{ . d'n'ssf] z}lIfs ;'wf/sf nflu s:tf] gLlt k|ltkfbg ug]{ / sfof{Gjogdf s:tf] /0fgLlt ckgfpg] eGg] ljifodf aGg nfu]sf] cfof]u ;j{kIfLo ePg eg] To;sf] k|ltjb]g kSs} klg cw'/f] / ck'/f] x'g]5 .

To;}n] cndndf k/]sf] k|:tfljt cfof]u lgdf{0fdf gofF–k'/fgf k':tfsf lzIffljb\, cleefjs, ;fd'bflos Pj+ lghL tyf cfjf;Lo ljBfno, k|fWofks Pj+ lzIfs ;+ 3–;+ u7g, ljBfno Joj:yfkg / ljBfyL{ ;+u7g / gful/s ;dfhsf] k|ltlglwTjaf/] uDeL/¿kdf ;f]Rg h?/L 5 . dxTjk"0f{ ljifo eg]s} o'jf / k'/fgf k':tfsf lj1 JolQmx¿sf] 5gf}6 jf rog cfjZos 5 . k| : tfljt cfof] u n] k" 0 f{ t f kfPkl5 b'u{d If]qb]lv ;'ud If]q / lxdfnb] l v kxf8 / t/fO{ ; Ddsf z}lIfs If]qsf ;/f]sf/jfnf;Fu a[xt\ cGtlqm{ofdfkm{t\ ;'emfj ;+sng u/L k|ltj]bg tof/ ug{;s]df g} Tof] ;j{:jLsfo{ x'g]5 . To:tf] k|ltj]bg g} d'n'ssf] nflu pkof]uL x'g;S5 .

cfly{s jif{ @)&!/&@ sf] ^ va{ !* ca{ /fli6«o vr{dWo] b]zsf] lzIff Joj:yfsf nflu *^ ca{ ?k}ofF ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 . olt 7"nf] /sd kfpg] Psdfq efUozfnL lzIff dGqfno g} xf] . x'g t pRr lzIff / pRr dfWolds lzIffsf /sdx¿ klg o;} l eq kb{ 5 g\ t/ ltgsf tfn'sbf/ c8\8f eg]sf] klg lzIff dGqfno g} xf] . ah]6 ;fj{hlgs x'g' sl/a Ps dlxgfcl3 ePsf] dfWolds txsf] /fli6«o k/LIffsf] ;/sf/L pTkfbg / of] ch+usf] cfsf/ ePsf] ah] 6 x] b f{ st} ;/sf/L pTkfbgn] hgtfsf] s/af6 hf]xf] ul/Psf] olt 7"nf] ah]6 k|ltJo+Uo t ul//x] s f] 5} g < eGg] efg hf] sf]xLnfO{ x'g' c:jfefljs b]lvFb}g . ah]6sf] a'Fbf g+= !*& b]lv !(( ;Dd ul/Psf] lzIff;DaGwL Joj:yfnfO{ x]g{] xf] eg] ;/sf/nfO{ bf]if lbg] 7fpF sxfF 5 t < klg eGg ;lsPnf . ;a} s f nflu lzIffnfO{ pRr k|fyldstfdf /flvPsf] s'/f 7Ls dfGg ;lsPnf t/ o;n] sIff % ;Dddfq ;Daf]wg u5{ hals lzIff ljefusf] km\n]; k|ltj]bgn] w]/} yf] / } -$ k| l tzteGbf sd_ afnaflnsf dfq ljBfno hfg afFsL b]vfPsf] cj:yfdf km]l/ klg ToxL txnfO{ dfq x]g{] ls Hofb} yf]/} ljBfyL{ egf{ ePsf sIff ^ b]lv dflysf txnfO{ klg k|fyldstfdf /fVg] eGg] k| Z g 68\ s f/f] ¿kdf b] v fk5{ . csf]{tkm{ egf{ ul/Psf ljBfyL{sf] u'0f:t/, l;sfO / pknlAwdf k6Ss} Wofg guPsf] jt{ d fg cj:yfdf k| f ylds txsf nfludfq egL 5'6\ofOPsf] em08} @( ca{ ?k}ofF km]l/ klg afn'jfdf kfgLdfq x'g]df z+sf 5}g . lgDgdfWolds / dfWoldssf nflu em08} ;f9] !% ca{sf] nufgL b]lvG5 . pRr lzIffdf eg] hDdf ;f9] ^ ca{dfq 5'6\ofOPsf] 5 . sl/a @ ca{ #) s/f]8 ah]6 kfPsf] pRr dfWolds lzIffsf ;+:yfx¿ ;a}h;f] lghL Joj:yfkgd} ;~rfng ePsf sf/0f kl/ifb\s \ f] clwsf+z /sd cfGtl/s k| z f:fgdf vr{ x' g ] b] l vG5 . ljBfno lzIff, pRr dfWolds lzIff / pRr lzIfftkm{sf] pknlAw b/ $) k| l tztsf] xf/fxf/Ldf dfq 5 . o;sf] cy{ xfd|f] lzIffdf ul/Psf] nufgLsf] ^) k|ltzt cyf{t\ cfufdL cfly{s jif{sf] em08} %@ ca{ ?k}ofF 8'Ag] lglZrt 5 . u'0f:t/ t stf xf] stf csf]{ dgg of]Uo s'/f s] 5 eg] k|fylds txb]lv pRr lzIff;Dds} ah]6 s]jn rfn" vr{sf] nfludfq 5'6\ofOPsf] 5 t/ k'h F Lut vr{df z"Go nufgL /x]sf] s'/f /ftf] lstfaaf6 b]Vg ;lsG5 . o;n] s] b] v fpF 5 eg] oL txdf ;/sf/n] tna / k| z f;lgs vr{afx]s c¿ vr{ ug{ ;Sb}g . *^ ca{sf] lzIff ah]6df hDdf !& s/f]8 k'FhLut vr{ x'g'n] klg of] s'/fsf] k'li6 ug{ d2t u5{ . x'g t cg'bfgsf] /sd ;a} g} rfn" vr{df ;dfj] z ePsf] jt{ d fg kl/k| ] I o Psflt/ xf]nf, t/ To;nfO{ uf]nd6f]n u/] / ah] 6 k| : t' t ul/g' n ] klg ljsf;sf nflu b]vfpg nfos ah]6 gePsf] ;+s]t u5{ . ;/sf/ lzIffdf nufgL a9fpgeGbf 36fpg pBt /x]sf] s'/f o; jif{sf] ah]6 efif0fsf s]xL a'bF fx¿n] yk :ki6 kf/]sf 5g\ . h:tf] sDtLdf @)) ljBfno ufEg] s'/f ul/Psf] 5, eg] csf]{tkm{ s;}n] rnfOlbP s'g} klg ljBfnon] kfpg] /sd rnfpg] JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ ;' D kg] ; Ddsf nHhf:kb Joj:yf

;/sf/n] u/]sf] 5 . a'Fbf g+= !() df elgPsf] 5– ‘pknAw k"jf{wf/ / ;| f ] t df g} ;fem] b f/Ldf ljBfno ;~rfng u/]df ;fd'bflos ljBfnon] kfP;/x ;'ljwf pknAw u/fOg]5 .’ efiffdf lghL tyf ;/sf/L ;fem]bf/L elgP tfklg k] 6 af] n Ln] ljBfno ;~rfngdf ;/sf/ c;Ifd /x]sf] / kf6L{ cfP x:tfGt/0f ug]{ d'8df b] l vG5 . ljutdf a' e mfOPsfn] af]/]6/L :s'n / b/af/ xfO{:s'nsf] km/skm/s k|;+u / cj:yfn] g} of] 5n{· kfl/;s]sf] 5 . o;af6 csf]{ vt/f s] 5 eg] ;/sf/L ljBfnox¿ qmdzM lghLs/0f x'bF } hfg]5g\ / ul/a lgd'vfsf] lzIffk|ltsf] clwsf/ w"nf]df kl/0ft x'g]5 . o;sf] ;§f a? rf6{/ ljBfnosf] cjwf/0ff NofP/ ;/sf/L nufgLdf lghL Joj:yfkg ;'lglZrt ug{ ;lsPsf] eP u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf] p2]Zo ;kmn kfg{ d2t k'Ug] lyof] xf]nf . ha;Dd u'0f:t/sf nflu ;/sf/ k| l ta4 b] l vF b } g , ta;Dd lzIffdf hlt nufgL b]vfP tfklg To;sf] s'g} cy{ /xGg . o; sfdsf nflu tNnf] txb]lv g} Wofg lbg' h?/L 5 . ;du|df lzIff ah]6sf] &) k|ltzt tnaL k|of]hgdf vr{ x'g] b]lvP tfklg ljBfno k'Ug] /sdsf] sl/a ;a} g} tnadfq xf] . To;}n] o:tf] ah] 6 nfO{ lzIffdf ul/Psf] nufgL elgxfNg ;'xfpg] s'/} ePg .

To:t} xfn !)) j6f dfWolds ljBfnodf ;~rfng ul/Psf] k| f ljlws wf/0fftkm{ s f] lzIffnfO{ @$) j6} lgjf{rg If]qdf lj:tf/ ug]{ pb\\3f]if ul/Psf] 5 . g t tL !)) j6f ljBfnon] Ps r/0f kf/ ug{ kfPsf 5g\, g t ltgsf ;K7\of/f / cK7\of/fx¿sf] cWoog cg';Gwfg g} ePsf 5g\ . s]sf cfwf/df ;/sf/n] oqf] 7"nf] vt/f df]ln/x]5 < csf]{tkm{ k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tflnd kl/ifb\ -;L6LO{ e L6L_ n] ;~rfng u/] s f] P;Pn;Lkl5sf] # jif]{ l8Knf]df / clxn] ;/sf/n] k/LIf0f ul//x]sf] / ;a} lgjf{rg If]qdf nfu" ug]{ elgPsf] P;Pn;Lkl5sf] @ jif]{ k9fOsf] aLr s] cGt/ xf]nf < s] otfkl§ ;/sf/sf] Wofg uPsf] 5 < ls ;L6LO{eL6Ln] ;~rfng u/] s f] # jif] { l8Knf] d f sdhf]/ sfo{qmd xf] < cfwf/e"t ;jfnsf] Vofn g} gu/L k|fljlws tyf Jofj;flos lzIffsf] ;:tf] k|rf/afhLn] xfdLnfO{ sxfF k'¥ofpFnf t < t/ x]/f}+ t, oqf] cfF6 ug]{ ;/sf/n] k|fljlws lzIffdf slt /sd 5'6\ofPsf] 5 t < lzIff ah]6leqsf] hDdf 8] 9 k| l tzt . Psftkm{

‘;fwf/0f lzIffnfO{ qmdzM k|fljlws / Jofj;flos lzIfftkm{ kl/nlIft ul/g]5’ eGg] p2]Zo /fVg] / csf]t{ km{ vr{ s f] Joj:yfkg b] l vg' n ] klg o;nfO{ ;:tf] nf]slk|otf dfGg s/ nfU5 . @)&)÷)&! df *! ca{ ?k}ofF kfPsf] lzIffn] o; jif{ *^ ca{ kfpg' /sdsf b[li6sf]0fn] 7"n} b]lvPsf] 5 . lx;fa} ug]{ xf] eg] klg o; jif{ ul/Psf] lkmN8 eQf j[l4, :yfgLo eQfdf ePsf] j[l4, u|]8df ul/Psf] ;dfof]hg / tnadf ul/Psf] !) k|ltzt j[l4 ;a} hf]8\bf kf]xf]/sf] t'ngfdf sl/a * ca{sf] yk nfut ef/ b]lvG5 . t/ o;\ jif{ hDdf % ca{dfq a9]sf] b]lvg'n] lzIff dGqfno ;d:ofdf kg]{ k|:6} 5 . km] l / s' n /fli6« o ah] 6 sf] k|ltztsf lx;fan] @)^(/&) df !&=@, @)&)÷&! df !%=^% / @)&!/&@ df hDdf !#=(@ k|ltztdfq lzIffdf nufgL x'g'n] lzIffk|lt ;/sf/ uDeL/ g/x]sf] k| d fl0ft x' G 5 . s' n ufx{ : Yo pTkfbgdf lzIffsf] k|ltzt klg @)&)/&! df $=% k|ltzt ePsf]df @)&!/&@ df of] $=$ k|ltztdf em/]sf] 5 . Psftkm{ s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbg a9\g' / csf]{tkm{ lzIffsf] ah]6 36\g'nfO{ lzIff lj1 dfq x}g, cy{lj1x¿n] klg cgf}7f] ¿kdf lng yfn]sf 5g\ . ;g\ @)@) ;Dd lzIffsf] nufgL @) k| l tzt k' ¥ ofpg] cGt/f{ l i6« o cleofgnfO{ la;{ + b } lzIffsf] nufgLdf s~h':ofOF ug{' / ;g\ @)@@ ;Dd g]kfnnfO{ ‘clt sd ljsl;t /fi6«af6 :t/f]Gglt ug]{’ nIo /fVg' cfkm} + d f lj/f] w fef; b]lvG5g\ . dfgj ;|f]t pTkfbgdf nufgL gu/L cfly{s j[l4b/ gx'g] / cfly{s j[l4b/ lg/Gt/ * k|ltzt gk'uL sd ljsl;t d'n'ssf] gftfn] g]kfnsf] :t/f]Gglt ;Dej gx'g] kl/k|]Iodf lzIffdf ul/Psf] nufgL s6f}tLn] ;/sf/n] cfkm\gf] 3'F8fdf cfkm}+ a~r/f] k|xf/ u/]sf] k|tLt x' G 5 .

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