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* ”π—°√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“ °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§, °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ®—ßÀ«—¥ππ∑∫ÿ√’

598

Vol. 3 No. 4 Oct.-Dec. 2009

Journal of Health Systems Research

Abstract

Epidemiology of Injuries and Deaths Caused by Road Traffic Accidents in Thailand Sangchom Siripanich, Kanjanee Dumnakeaw, Auyporn Kumwongsa Bureau of Epidemiology, Ministry of Public Health Road traffic injuries are a significant problem in developed and developing countries. The trend of mortality owing to traffic accidents is increasing in Thailand. The objective of this descriptive study is to describe the trend and characteristics of risky behavior related to road traffic injuries in Thailand during the period 1998-2007. The study was conducted by using and analyzing data from the national injury surveillance database within 28 sentinels, these were reported during the period 1998-2007.

The results show that the proportion of road traffic injuries was the highest of all injuries (51.6%).

The percentage of injuries in the age groups between 15 and 24 years was the highest (33.29%). Most of the injuries occurred among laborers and student groups (35.0% and 20.1%); 75.7 percent of them were motorcycle injuries and tended to increase. The highest incidence of injury occurred during the evening between 6 and 8 o’clock (37.7-40.2%). The most severely traumatized parts of the body were the head and neck (29.3%). The percentage of alcohol use while driving was 36.4 percent and it was highly used in the age group 20-29 years (40.1%). The high-risk behavior occurred over the New Year holidays and during the Thai new year (Songkhran festival) during the months of December-January and April. Further, the drivers and riders had not used seatbelts and helmets while driving and riding . Only 13 percent used helmets and 18.6 percent used seatbelts. Those injured were referred by a relative or others in 56.2 of the cases; only 10.4 percent were referred by EMS, although the tendency is increasing.

This study identified the problem of injuries, especially motorcycle injury in younger persons, which tends to increase every year. The higher fatality rate may relate to risk behavior involving alcohol use, not wearing a helmet, or using seatbelts and driving at high speed. Traffic accident prevention requires that drivers be educated and that the laws be enforced in the high-risk group (mainly younger men).

Key words: injuries, road traffic accidents

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∑’Ë¡“: ”π—°√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢

√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò §à“√âÕ¬≈–¢Õß°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫√ÿπ·√ß·≈–‡ ’¬™’«‘μ®“° “‡Àμÿμà“ß Ê ı Õ—π¥—∫·√° æ.». ÚıÙÒ - Úıı

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อบุตัเหตุ ิ การขนสง อ.พลัด ตก หกลม อ.แรงเชิงกลวัตถสุงของ ่ิ ถูกทําราย ทํารายตัวเอง อน่ื ๆ

Vol. 3 No. 4 Oct.-Dec. 2009

Journal of Health Systems Research

Ÿß ÿ¥‡ªìπºŸ¢â ∫— ¢’Ë ·≈–¡’·π«‚πâ¡ Ÿß¢÷πÈ ‡√◊ÕË ¬Ê ®“°√âÕ¬≈– ˆı.˘Ù „π æ.». ÚıÙÚ ∂÷ß√âÕ¬≈– ˜Ú.¯ˆ „π æ.». Úıı ·μà ·π«‚πâ¡°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫„π°≈ÿ¡à ºŸâ‚¥¬ “√≈¥≈߇≈Á°πâÕ¬ (√Ÿª∑’Ë Û). ª√–‡¿∑¬“πæ“Àπ–∑’Ë ‡ °‘ ¥ Õÿ ∫— μ‘ ‡ Àμÿ ¡ “°∑’Ë ÿ ¥ ‰¥â · °à ®—°√¬“π¬πμå√âÕ¬≈– ˜ı.ˆ˜ ¢Õß°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫®“°Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ ¢π àß∑—ÈßÀ¡¥∑ÿ°°≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ. À“°æ‘®“√≥“μ“¡≈—°…≥–°“√„™â ¬“πæ“Àπ– æ∫«à “ ºŸâ ¢— ∫ ¢’Ë ‰ ¥â √— ∫ Õÿ ∫— μ‘ ‡ Àμÿ ® “°°“√¢— ∫ ¢’Ë √ ∂

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®—°√¬“π¬πμå Ÿß ÿ¥ √âÕ¬≈– ¯¯.ˆÚ, √Õß≈ß¡“ §◊Õ °“√¢—∫¢’Ë √∂®—°√¬“π ·≈– “¡≈âÕ√âÕ¬≈– Ù.Û˜ ·≈–√∂°√–∫–À√◊Õ√∂μŸâ √âÕ¬≈– Û.Ò. ºŸâ‚¥¬ “√∑’ˉ¥â√—∫Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ®“°‚¥¬ “√√∂ ®—°√¬“π¬πμå√âÕ¬≈– ˆÒ.˘ı ·≈–°“√‚¥¬ “√√∂°√–∫– À√◊Õ √∂μŸâ √âÕ¬≈– Ú.ıÚ.

‡«≈“∑’ˇ°‘¥Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ ‡«≈“ Ò¯. - ÚÛ.ı˘ π. ‡ªìπ™à«ß∑’ˇ°‘¥Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ Ÿß ÿ¥ ∑ÿ°ªï §◊Õ√âÕ¬≈– Û˜.˜Û - Ù.Òˆ ·≈– √–À«à“߇«≈“ ÒÚ. - Ò˜.ı˘ π.√âÕ¬≈– Ú¯.¯ - Û.Ò˜ (√Ÿª∑’Ë Ù). „π·μà≈– —ª¥“Àå¡’Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ·≈–‡°‘¥°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫„π«—π ‡ “√å·≈–«—πÕ“∑‘μ¬å√âÕ¬≈– Òˆ.ÙÚ ·≈– Òˆ.ÛÚ. «—π∑’Ë¡’°“√ ∫“¥‡®Á∫μË” ÿ¥§◊Õ«—πæÿ∏√âÕ¬≈– ÒÚ.ˆ˘ ·≈–‡¥◊Õπ∏—𫓧¡ ¡’ Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ·≈–∫“¥‡®Á∫√âÕ¬≈– ˘.ÛÒ. ºŸâ‡ ’¬™’«‘μ Ÿß ÿ¥„π‡¥◊Õπ ‡¡…“¬π√âÕ¬≈– Ò.¯Ú ‚¥¬Õÿ∫μ— ‡‘ Àμÿ ®”·π°μ“¡≈—°…≥– Ÿß ÿ¥ §◊Õ °“√™π√âÕ¬≈– ıı.˜Û, ≈â¡ §«Ë” μ°∂ππ√âÕ¬≈– ÙÚ.ÚÚ.

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Õ«—¬«–∑’ˉ¥â√—∫∫“¥‡®Á∫®“°Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ¢π àß §◊Õ »’√…–√âÕ≈– Ú˘.Û, °“√∫“¥‡®Á∫À≈“¬ à«π¢Õß√à“ß°“¬√âÕ¬≈– Ò˜.Úı, ‡¢à“·≈–™à«ß¢“√âÕ¬≈– Ò.Ù˜. ”À√—∫°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫∑’˧Õæ∫ √âÕ¬≈– Ò.˜Ú ´÷Ëß¡’·π«‚πâ¡°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫∑’Ë Ÿß¢÷Èπ‡√◊ËÕ¬Ê ∑ÿ°ªï

∑’Ë¡“: ”π—°√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢

∑’Ë¡“: ”π—°√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢

√Ÿª∑’Ë Û √âÕ¬≈–¢ÕߺŸ∫â “¥‡®Á∫√ÿπ·√ß ®”·π°μ“¡ª√–‡¿∑ºŸ∫â “¥‡®Á∫ æ.». ÚıÙÒ - Úıı

√Ÿª∑’Ë Ù √âÕ¬≈–°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫√ÿπ·√ß®“°Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ°“√¢π àß ®”·π° μ“¡‡«≈“‡°‘¥‡Àμÿ æ.». ÚıÙÒ - Úıı

∑’Ë¡“: ”π—°√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢

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√âÕ¬≈– ∑’Ë¡“: ”π—°√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢

√âÕ¬≈–

√Ÿª∑’Ë ı √âÕ¬≈–¢ÕßÕ«—¬«–∑’‰Ë ¥â√∫— ∫“¥‡®Á∫√ÿπ·√ß®“°Õÿ∫μ— ‡‘ Àμÿ¢π àß æ.». ÚıÙÒ -Úıı

√âÕ¬≈– ∑’Ë¡“: ”π—°√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢

√Ÿª∑’Ë ˆ √âÕ¬≈–¢ÕßÕ«—¬«–∑’‰Ë ¥â√∫— ∫“¥‡®Á∫√ÿπ·√ß®“°Õÿ∫μ— ‡‘ Àμÿ¢π àß ¢ÕߺŸâ¢—∫¢’Ë®—°√¬“π¬πμå æ.». ÚıÙÒ -Úıı รอยละ จํานวน $40,000 $35,000 ๒๐.๖๕ $30,000 $25,000 ๑๔.๒๕ $20,000 $15,000 $10,000 ๐.๕๘ $5,000 $0

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μ“¡·π«‚πâ¡¢Õß°“√¢—∫¢’Ë®—°√¬“π¬πμå∑’Ë Ÿß¢÷Èπ (√Ÿª∑’Ë ı). ºŸâ¢—∫¢’Ë®—°√¬“π¬πμå∑’ˉ¥â√—∫∫“¥‡®Á∫√ÿπ·√ß√âÕ¬≈– ı. ‡°‘¥°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫∑’Ë»’√…– ·≈–√âÕ¬≈– ˜.˜ ‰¥â√—∫∫“¥‡®Á∫∑’ˇ¢à“ ·≈–¢“ à«π≈à“ß. “‡Àμÿ∑’Ë¡’°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫„πºŸâ¢—∫¢’Ë®—°√¬“π¬πμå §“¥«à“πà“®–¡’ªí®®—¬‡ √‘¡∑’Ë ”§—≠ §◊Õ °“√¢—∫¢’Ë√∂®—°√¬“π¬πμå ‚¥¬‰¡à «¡À¡«°°—π°√–·∑° (√Ÿª∑’Ë ˆ).

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∑’Ë¡“: ”π—°√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢

Ò. °“√„™â‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å·≈–¢—∫¢’ˬ“π¬πμå ºŸâ¥◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å¢≥–¢—∫¢’ˬ“π¬πμå Ò˜˜,¯Ûˆ √“‡ ’¬™’«‘μ ¯,ıÚ¯ √“¬ §‘¥‡ªìπÕ—μ√“ªÉ«¬μ“¬√âÕ¬≈– Ù.¯,

√Ÿª∑’Ë ˜ ®”π«π·≈–§à“√âÕ¬≈–ºŸâ¢—∫¢’Ë∑’Ë¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å ®”·π°μ“¡°≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ æ.». ÚıÙÒ-Úıı

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Vol. 3 No. 4 Oct.-Dec. 2009

Journal of Health Systems Research

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๒.๐๐ ม.ค. ก.พ. มี.ค. เม.ย. พ.ค. มิ.ย. ก.ค. ส.ค. ก.ย. ต.ค. พ.ย. ธ.ค. จํานวน

รอยละ

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„π™à«ß‡∑»°“≈ªï„À¡à·≈– ß°√“πμå. Õ¬à“߉√°Áμ“¡ —¥ à«π °“√¥◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å ·≈–∫“¥‡®Á∫≈¥≈ß„π™à«ß‡¢â“æ√√…“‡¥◊Õπ °√°Æ“§¡ ∂÷ßμâπ‡¥◊Õπμÿ≈“§¡ ´÷ßË Õ“®‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥â«“à ™à«ß‡¢â“æ√√…“ ¡’°“√≈¥/‡«âπ°“√¥◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å μ“¡ª√–‡æ≥’¥—È߇¥‘¡¢Õß°“√ ªØ‘∫—μ‘μπμ“¡æÿ∑∏»“ π“„π™à«ß‡∑»°“≈¥—ß°≈à“«. °“√¢—∫¢’Ë√∂ “∏“√≥– √∂√—∫®â“ß √∂°√–∫– √∂μŸâ √à«¡°—∫ °“√¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å √âÕ¬≈– Û˘.¯ ‡ªì𠓇Àμÿ„Àâ ‡°‘¥Õÿ∫—쑇ÀμÿÀ¡Ÿà À√◊Õ°“√‡ ’¬™’«‘μ¢Õߧπ®”π«π¡“° ‚¥‡©æ“–√∂°√–∫– √∂μŸâÀ√◊Õ√∂‚¥¬ “√¢π“¥„À≠à. ®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ °“√ Õ∫ «π‡°‘¥Õÿ∫—쑇ÀμÿÀ¡Ÿà æ.». ÚıÙ˘ æ∫«à“¡’ºŸâ∫“¥‡®Á∫ ®“°Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ‡ ’¬™’«‘μ ˆˆˆ √“¬ ‡ ’¬™’«‘μ Ò˜Û √“¬ ‡ªìπ√∂ ‚¥¬ “√√âÕ¬≈– Ù¯., √∂°√–∫–√âÕ¬≈– ÚÙ., √∂‰ø™π √∂¬πμå√âÕ¬≈– Òˆ.Ò ‚¥¬°“√‡ ’¬™’«‘μ Ÿß ÿ¥ §◊Õ Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ ®“°√∂°√–∫–√âÕ¬≈– ÙÒ.ˆ Õ—μ√“ªÉ«¬μ“¬√âÕ¬≈– Ùı ‚¥¬¡’ “‡Àμÿ®“°°“√¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å√âÕ¬≈– Òˆ(Ò) ¥—ßπ—Èπ °“√°”Àπ¥¡“μ√°“√‡¢â¡ß«¥°ÆÀ¡“¬ °—∫ºŸâ¢—∫¢’ËÀ√◊ÕºŸâ∫√‘°“√ √∂ “∏“√≥– §«√¥”‡π‘π°“√Õ¬à“ß®√‘ß®—ß¡“°¢÷Èπ. ®“°º≈°“√»÷°…“· ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ ·π«‚πâ¡°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫·≈– ‡ ’¬™’«‘μ®“°Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ∑“ß∂ππ∑’ˬ—ß¡’·π«‚πâ¡ Ÿß¢÷Èπ ‚¥¬‡©æ“– °“√¢—∫¢’Ë√∂®—°√¬“π¬πμå„π°≈ÿࡇ¥Á°π—°‡√’¬π·≈–«—¬√ÿàπ∑’ˉ¡à‰¥â ªØ‘ ∫— μ‘ μ “¡°Æ®√“®√ ·≈–¡’ æ ƒμ‘ ° √√¡‡ ’Ë ¬ ßμà Õ °“√‡°‘ ¥ Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ Ÿß. °“√°”Àπ¥¡“μ√°“√‡™‘ß√ÿ° ·≈–°“√°”°—∫¥â“π °ÆÀ¡“¬ μ≈Õ¥®π°“√„À⧫“¡√Ÿâ ‡æ◊ÕË §«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬„π°“√¢—∫¢’Ë ¬— ß §ßμâ Õ ß¥”‡π‘ π °“√Õ¬à “ ߇¢â ¡ ß«¥·≈–μà Õ ‡π◊Ë Õ ß¡“°¢÷È π ®–™à«¬≈¥‚Õ°“ ‡ ’ˬßμàÕ°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫·≈–‡ ’¬™’«‘μ∫π∑âÕß∂π𠉥â.

°‘μμ‘°√√¡ª√–°“» ‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬‡ΩÑ“√–«—ß°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫ Ú¯ ‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬®—ßÀ«—¥, ”π—°ß“π°Õß∑ÿπ π—∫ πÿπ°“√ √â“߇ √‘¡ ÿ¢¿“æ ( .) ·≈– ¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢·Ààß™“μ‘ (¡ ™.) ·≈–‡®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë°≈ÿà¡ß“π √–∫“¥«‘∑¬“‚√§‰¡àμ‘¥μàÕ ”π—°√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“ ‰¥â„Àâ‚Õ°“ ·≈–§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√¥”‡π‘π«‘®—¬§√—Èßπ’È®π·≈⫇ √Á®.

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Vol. 3 No. 4 Oct.-Dec. 2009

Journal of Health Systems Research

‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß

and Safety Promotion. Bangalore 560029. ˜. Shinji N, Witaya C, Masao I. Temporal distribution of motorcyclist injuries and risk of fatalities in relation to age, helmet use, and riding while intoxicated in Khon Kaen, Thailand. Accident Analysis and Prevention 2005;37:833-42. Available from: URL: http//www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal. Accessed August 3, 2008. ¯. ‰æ∫Ÿ≈¬å ÿ√‘¬æß»å‰æ»“≈, ¡™—¬ °“≠®π ÿμ. Injuries in Thailand: trend, selected, underlying determinants and status of intervention.

Injury Control and Safety Promotion 2003;10:95-104. Available from: URL: http//www.stroke.chop.uk./journal/17457300. Accessed August 3, 2008. ˘. Vira K, Tamu V, The role of alcohol in Thailand motorcycle crashed. Accident Analysis and Prevention 2005;37:357-60. Available from:URL: http//www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal. Accessed July 22,2008. Ò. ¬Õ¥æ≈ ∏π“∫√‘∫Ÿ√≥å, ∏‡πμ√ ‡ ∂’¬√π“¡. Traffic Accident in Thailand. J Eastern Asia Soc Transport Res 2005;20:88-100.

Ò. °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§ ”π—°√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“. √“¬ß“π ‡ΩÑ“√–«—ß°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫·Ààß™“μ‘ : √ÿª√“¬ß“π°“√‡ΩÑ“√–«—ß‚√§ª√–®”ªï ÚıÙ˘. Ú. °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§ ”π—°√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“. √“¬ß“π ‡ΩÑ“√–«—ß°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫·Ààß™“μ‘ : √ÿª√“¬ß“π°“√‡ΩÑ“√–«—ß‚√§ª√–®”ªï Úıı. Û. °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§ ”π—°√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“. §Ÿà¡◊Õ°“√ „™â·∫∫∫—π∑÷°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡ΩÑ“√–«—ß°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫·Ààß™“μ‘. °√ÿ߇∑æ: ÚıÙˆ. Ù. °“≠®π’¬å ¥”𓧷°â«. √–∫“¥«‘∑¬“°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫√ÿπ·√ß®“°Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ ¢π àß „πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ÚıÙÚ-ÚıÙ˜. «“√ “√°√¡°“√·æ∑¬å ÚıÙ˜;˜:ÙÒÒ-ÚÒ. ı. ¬Õ¥æ≈ ∏π“∫√‘∫Ÿ√≥å. ªí®®—¬‡ ’ˬßμàÕÕÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ∑“ß∂ππ. ∂“π°“√≥å ÿ¢¿“æ‰∑¬ ”π—°ß“πæ—≤π“√–∫∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢à“« “√, «√ ªï∑’Ë Ú ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ò, ¡’π“§¡ ÚıÙ˘. ˆ. Guraraj G. Road traffic deaths, injuries and disabilities Intervention systems, data availabilities, needs and application. Department of Epidemiology, WHO Collaboration Center of Injury Prevention

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