ARCHITECTURAL SSL • Chronicling the Advancement of LEDs in the Built Environment
Strategies for SSL Adoption. To convince clients to adopt
LED, a more analytical, albeit arduous, process is required, as opposed to sticking with assumptions that applied to lighting technology clearly still in transition. [ Page 12]
SHAD SHA DOWS OF
AT THE FRONT Exteriors continue to evolve based on new facade product offerings; lighting efforts are growing part and parcel with these creative advances.
SSL BUZZ An East Coast professor and lighting designer, with a little funding support, takes her class on the road to great success.
SSL PROJECTS Harmony and cooperation can exist in the nation’s capital, as proven by the offices of the Nuclear Energy Institute.
NUMBER 34 • OCTOBER 2014 www.architecturalssl.com
B Cost Saving Priority Is the area being illuminated a high-end or back-of-the-house space?
Energy Saving Priority Is it a project requirement in context of the lighting system?
A
JUST THE WAY IT’S ALWAYS BEEN DONE...
SSL Buzz: DOE Snapshot on Area Lighting and Outdoor Luminaires Project Profile: Manhattan’s Tavern on the Green gets new life
ARCHITECTURAL SSL • 519 BRIARCLIFF ROAD, BOLINGBROOK, IL 60440 1410SSLCVR02.indd 1
White Pages: Retrofit considerations; AC vs. DC LEDs and Flicker
10/8/14 12:26 PM
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The Moon doesn’t own the night. We do. At Amerlux, we push the boundaries of exterior lighting solutions and innovation, from architectural and landscape lighting to sophisticated, integrated luminaire, security, and data collecting systems. Find out how we light up the night at amerlux.com/exterior.
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Passion. Power. Performance.
9/11/14 4:47 10/27/14 3:28 PM PM
OCT.14
34
24
07
BUZZ
PERSPECTIVES
10 In Brief: LED and daylighting make a connection in Indian Airport.
07 DOE on Outdoor Lighting
05 LED Insights
A Lighting Facts review shows performance is improving.
31 Project Profile: New York's Tavern on the Green is seen in a whole new light.
11 Meizhou Dongpo
Is the lighting market finally tipping to LED? Signs seem positive, but over-assumptions can leave you dead in the water. By Jim Crockett
The Chinese restaurant's lighting is as colorful as a New Year's parade.
08 Exciting the Next Gen Cindy Limauro uses Nuckolls Fund grant to inspire students to consider lighting careers.
02 • 10.14 • ARCHITECTURAL SSL
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48 SSL Observed The birth of SSL has created strange bedfellows. But those once disparate relationships are finally beginning to gel. By Kevin Willmorth
"More people are spending their evening hours in downtown areas. They are looking for excitement, and illuminated architecture gives shape to a cityscape and supplies it with the verve and personality that supports its urban message and invites use."
www.architecturalssl.com
10/1/14 4:22 PM
31
FEATURES
DESIGN & PRODUCTS
12 Market Setting Feature: Backing Off Assumptions
40 White Pages AC vs. DC LED; factors to consider in different kinds of retrofits.
Architectural SSL, Vol. 8, No. 4 (ISSN# 1941-8388) is published five times per year by Construction Business Media.
42 Advances Downlights, area lighting, flood lighting and SSL components.
Publication Office: Construction Business Media, 579 First Bank Drive, Suite 220, Palatine, IL 60067; 847 359 6493; www.architecturalssl.com. (Copyright © 2014 by Construction Business Media)
SSL is a disruption to the traditional lighting world not only in terms of technology, but overcoming decades of accumulated assumptions. Such change requires constant reconsideration of both objective and subjective decision making. by Kevin Willmorth
18 At the Front: Illuminating Exteriors The combination of versatile and discreet lighting technology, as well as novel façade and skin materials available today, are changing the way buildings are viewed at night. by Vilma Barr
POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Architectural SSL Magazine, 519 East Briarcliff Road, Bolingbrook, IL 60440.
24 Featured Project: Nuclear Energy Institute Desiring an energy efficient but inspiring office environment, the managers of NEI take an unusual tack to develop a plan for a new office. Appropriate illumination was on the agenda. by Vilma Barr
www.architecturalssl.com
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ARCHITECTURAL SSL • 10.14 • 03
10/1/14 4:22 PM
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Coµµ§∑T±R∞
NUMBER 34 • OCTOBER 2014 www.architecturalssl.com Gary Redmond
Managing Partner Director Publishing Operations gary@architecturalssl.com
Tim Shea
Managing Partner Director Business Development tim@architecturalssl.com
Cool is the Rule, But Functionality First operation. While touring the facility—a classic
Dave Pape
EDITORIAL Jim Crockett 847 359 6493 Kevin Willmorth Megan Mazzocco 847 359 6493
Vice President Director, Art & Production dave@architecturalssl.com Editorial Director jimc@architecturalssl.com Editor kevin@architecturalssl.com Senior Editor megan@architecturalssl.com
CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Vilma Barr Barbara Horwitz-Bennett Ellen Lampert-Greaux Chuck Ross
vilma@architecturalssl.com barbara@architecturalssl.com ellen@architecturalssl.com chuck@architecturalssl.com
Jan Bottiglieri
Copy Editor
DESIGN & PRODUCTION Dave Pape Art Director dave@architecturalssl.com Lauren Lenkowski Alex Mastera
Associate Art Director lauren@architecturalssl.com Graphic Designer alex@architecturalssl.com
ADVERTISING SALES Gary Redmond 847 359 6493 gary@architecturalssl.com
Tim Shea 847 359 6493 tim@architecturalssl.com
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Jim Führer 503 679 5409 jimf@architecturalssl.com
Bob Fox 203 356 9694 bob@architecturalssl.com
SUBSCRIPTION INQUIRIES There is no charge for subscriptions to qualified requestors in the U.S. All other annual subscriptions will be charged $39 for standard delivery or $55 for air mail delivery. For subscriptions, inquiries or address changes, call 630 739 0900 ext. 100. A Publication of Construction Business Media
the fluorescent fixtures in the ceiling, noted they “just” switched over to T8s, as the local utility made them an offer they couldn’t refuse. were the exception or the norm. When I first
Our annual call for entries for the SSL Product
started writing about lighting, I spent a lot of
Innovation awards is coming due right about now,
time talking about T8 retrofits with new-fangled
and it has me thinking about the state of SSL—
electronic ballasts. And then, when T5HOs came
specifically the gap between the technology’s
along, the buzz switched to how this newest light
advancement as a whole and what’s actually
source would become the be-all, end-all for high-
being adopted. There’s always a lag between
bay applications because they loved heat. That
the former and the latter, but I’ve been seeing
was nearly 20 years ago; will we have to wait that
signs that perhaps some kind of tipping point is
long to see LED become so ubiquitous?
in motion. For example, on a recent visit to an
Not all is so gloomy; I did tell my would-be
adaptive re-use of a former hotel tower, I found
marketers that there is notable LED retrofit
out the developer—completely independent
activity, but at least for now, it tends to be
of any LEED or net-zero-like objectives—is
slanted toward LED versions of form factors
installing LED throughout the luxury apartment
people are comfortable with, such as the 2x4
project. Similarly, Walgreens has revealed all of
troffer. While a lot of cool fixtures are coming
its new stores will exclusively use LED.
to bear, as witnessed by a number of the PIA
Elsewhere, there’s California’s new Title 24
submissions I’ve seen, it seems the allure of
dimming requirements, which mandate that
legitimate owner/operator interest in opera-
fluorescent fixtures now be dimmed; one West
tional efficiencies—meaning there’s a real
Coast lighting consultant told me that in this
near-term possibility of finally turning a profit
scenario, based on cost and complexity, it makes
after having put so much equity into the LED
more sense to simply switch to LED.
development process—has many manufacturers
Then there’s the steady stream of white light case studies we continue to receive over the transom, and the great projects our reporters
targeting forms their would-be clients are ready to embrace. Of course, that’s a pretty bold assumption, and
continue to find, such as the Tavern on the Green
as Kevin Willmorth points out in the Market
retrofit featured this issue.
Setting feature, making such generic assumptions
That said, another conversation caused me to put down my LED Kool Aid for a moment to make
about the market and the technology can lead to much more serious business blunders. Hmmm, despite being a “light bulb geek,” it
lighting agency folks looking to get into
looks like this observer—and I’m assuming many
representing players in the market, made me
of you, the readership—still have a lot to learn.
realize there’s quite a gap between “light bulb
One thing we can’t assume is who will pay such
geeks,” as my son classifies me, and the general
wisdom forward, for there are still many that
population, which includes more lighting decision
need the ABCs of LEDs before they can remotely
makers than I care to admit.
matriculate to SSL.•
I stand by my assertion: the signs indicate that the market is close to tipping, but I must admit that the wall of inertia is still formidable. Take, for example, a lighting discovery I made on another visit, in this case to a product manufacturing
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high bay space—my guide, seeing me point out
The remark made me wonder if such scenarios
a reality check. The discussion, with some non-
Mark Wiebusch 503 679 5409 mark@architecturalssl.com
Member:
LED adoption is bit of a contradiction in that plenty of cool products are coming to bear, yet are dwarfed by installations of a more familiar form.
Jim Crockett, editorial director
ARCHITECTURAL SSL • 10.14 • 05
10/1/14 4:36 PM
©2014 OSRAM. OSRAM is a registered trademark.
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Area Lighting Efficacy Trends 180 160
Luminous Efficacy (lm/W)
DOE SNAPSHOT REPORT EXAMINES OUTDOOR LEDS: RISING QUICKLY
Efficacy Performance by Quarter Maximum 75th Percentile Mean Median 25th Percentile Minimum
140 120
Outdoor area-lighting is becoming an increasingly
100
important market for LED fixture manufacturers, 80
according to the latest Snapshot report on the category from the U.S. Dept. of Energy. In fact, as
60
of July 1, 2014, DOE notes area/roadway products alone comprised 23% of the total LED
40
Lighting Facts database, with the other three
20 0
product categories included in the lighting report—parking garage luminaires, canopy Q3 Q4 Q1 2009 |
Q2 Q3 2010
Q4
Q1 |
Q2 Q3 2011
Q4
Q1 |
Q2 Q3 2012
Quarter of Initial Listing
Q4
Q1 |
Q2 Q3 2013
Q4
Q1 Q2 | 2014
luminaires and outdoor directional luminaires— making up a combined 7% of listed offerings. Unlike DOE’s CALiPER reports, in which a
Source: Lighting Facts Snapshot, July 2014
small subset of LED products are put through ABOVE: After some potential stagnation, maximum efficacy appears to be continuing on an upward trend. In the past quarter, more than 700 newly listed products had an efficacy greater than 100 lm/W, with 22 above 130 lm./W.
rigorous testing to determine actual performance, the Lighting Facts Snapshot reports are based strictly on data manufacturers report on their own products. LED Lighting Facts is a
Outdoor Area Luminaires: CCT Trends
voluntary program, but its database is the largest of its kind and is considered to reflect market trends. Its Snapshot reports focus on five core metrics: lumen output, input power, luminous
Correlated Color Temperature (CCT, K)
efficacy, color rendering index and correlated 6500
Correlated Color Temperature Trends
color temperature. The overall Snapshot report finding is that outdoor-fixture performance is rising almost as
6000
quickly as their importance in the overall LED
5500
market, with several listed products now offering
5000
light output comparable to a 400W high-pressure sodium (HPS) streetlight. Similarly, mean efficacy
4500
of these fixtures has climbed to
4000
between 80 lumens/watt (lm/w) and 90 lm/w, with the most efficacious reaching into the 120
3500 3000 2500
Canopy
Directional
lm/w to 150 lm/w range. At the same time, corre-
Area & Roadway
All Active Products
lated color temperatures (CCTs) are improving,
Parking Garage
Q3 Q4 Q1 2009 |
Q2 Q3 2010
Q4
Q1 |
Q2 Q3 2011
Q4
Q1 |
Quarter of Initial Listing
Q2 Q3 2012
Q4
Q1 |
Q2 Q3 2013
as well, with 4000K and 5000K being the most Q4 |
Q1 Q2 2014
Source: Lighting Facts Snapshot, July 2014
common, down from 6500K just a year ago. Efficacy has followed similar improvement trends across all four categories covered in this Snapshot since the Lighting Facts program
ABOVE: In reverse of the efficacy improvements, the mean CCT of many exterior luminaires has been decreasing. For example, in the 3rd quarter of 2009, the listed area luminaires had a mean CCT of 5318K, but a 4568K mean in 2014. Z
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CONTINUED ON PAGE 08
ARCHITECTURAL SSL • 10.14 • 07
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EDUCATION: A UNIVERSITY LIGHTING ROADSHOW CONTINUED FROM PAGE 07
Architecture Students See the Light
Y
began in 2009, with mean efficacy
When lighting designer
the quantity of students who wished to partici-
figures for currently listed road-
and educator Cindy
pate. At the University of Texas, where the first
way, garage and directional fixtures
Limauro was awarded a
workshop was staged, 85 students signed up.
running between 81 and 83 lm/w,
$20,000 grant by the
“Normally, I limit the class size to 24,” she says.
and canopy fixtures now at a mean
Nuckolls Fund for Lighting
For the second workshop at Northeastern
figure of 91 lm/w. However, the report
Education last spring, she felt sure there would
University in Boston, 90 students participated.
authors note that, when only the best-
be a positive response to her idea of a condensed
At Cal Poly, host of the third workshop, the fac-
performing products are considered,
specialized lighting design workshop program
ulty teaching all the third year architecture stu-
the four categories are much closer
to present to architecture students. Limauro, a
dios set aside their class time for this workshop
together.
professor of lighting design at Carnegie Mellon
for all 130 students to attend. A final workshop
University’s School of Architecture and School of
was conducted at Cal Berkeley. While these class
than 42% of the LED Lighting Facts
Drama, described in her proposal a plan to create
sizes are much too large in her opinion, she’s
listed products had a color rendering
and lead the program at four universities over
pleased with the turnout—an indicator, perhaps,
index in the 70s, with the remainder
three days, combining hands-on lab demonstra-
of a greater need for lighting education. Manu-
fairly evenly split between those with
tions and illustrated lectures.
facturers can be—and are—part of the process.
In each of the four categories, more
CRIs in either the 60s or 80s. The
She applied for the grant so that she could
“I have been very fortunate that Color Kinetics
majority (88%) of those with a CRI
inspire and excite design students about lighting.
was founded by Carnegie Mellon alumni. And as
in the 80s also had a nominal CCT of
Her philosophy is that designers who are involved
the company retires old technology, they send
3500K or less, indicating a negative
with spatial relationships need to think about
me this equipment for my teaching lighting
correlation between these two factors.
lighting from the beginning. ”In my experience,
mock-ups.”
Canopy fixtures had the highest mean
it is a struggle for a design student trying to
CCT, at 4823K.
understand lighting concepts without a light
with Phillips Color Kinetics, based in nearby Bur-
lab—the result is only theories,” says Limauro.
lington, Mass., to discuss possible educational
Counter to what one might think, area/roadway fixtures had the lowest
The transition to the real world comes when
In fact, during her Northeastern visit, she met
partnerships. “One idea is for an organization to
mean CCT, at 4568K—down significant-
they can touch and feel light. With a well-
establish a system of loaner kits of equipment
ly from 5318K in the third quarter of
equipped light lab, she says students can begin
that could be sent to schools around the country
2009—and 60% of these products had a
to comprehend form, intensity, and movement.
for 2-3 weeks for workshops that would include
CCT of 4500K or less.
“Then they can experiment with these qualities
lighting mock-ups for student use,” she suggests.
Data from this report also show that facility owners seeking utility rebates
of light, and begin to apply them to virtually anything they design,” says Limauro.
for their outdoor-lighting installa-
There was no issue getting top architecture
tions have an increasing number of
schools to host her visit, but she underestimated
In the interim, one strategy that’s sure to work is the idea of introducing theater to architecture. The reason is pretty practical: “Theater programs have lights that can be borrowed.” •
options to choose from. Approximately 75% of currently listed area/roadway luminaires exceed the criteria of the DesignLights Consortium Qualified Product List, required by many electric utility rebate programs. Similarly, 78% of parking garage luminaires and 77% of canopy fixtures met the minimum efficacy and output criteria of this important rating system.
08 • 10.14 • ARCHITECTURAL SSL
1410SSLBUZ.indd 8
HANDS ON As part of one of Limauro’s workshops, a fabric sculpture was created using materials of different densities and textures. Students could arrange overhead lighting fixtures and a floor-mount fixture to achieve specific visual objectives.
www.architecturalssl.com
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AREA LIGHTING: HEALTHCARE
LED Area Lighting Delivers Healthier Bottom Line
Today’s healthcare facilities operate with tight margins and a close eye on operating expenses, and Wisconsin’s ThedaCare network of hospitals and medical centers has found upgrading its area lighting can help with both of these metrics. The group recently replaced a total of 84 existing HPS and MH fixtures at two of its five campuses with 60 D-Series luminaires from Lithonia Lighting and anticipates annual energy savings will top $40,000. The project also helped improve employee and visitor health and safety by providing improved lighting quality, eliminating dark spots and enhancing security-camera visibility.•
AREA LIGHTING: ENVIRONMENTAL LIGHTING
Lighting Even a Turtle Could Love Outdoor area lighting in coastal areas can raise a risk of disrupting the journey of young hatchling turtles, including those of a number of endangered species. Fernandina Beach, a small town on Florida’s Amelia Island, is home to a number of these species and wanted to ensure a recent area-lighting upgrade didn’t affect hatchling migration. The solution, shoebox-style luminaires from LEDtronics, met the requirements of Florida’s Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission by directing light downward, for minimal intrusion into nesting beaches. The fixtures also will help protect the community’s budget, by using 65% less energy than traditional incandescent products and requiring less maintenance.•
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RETROFITS: HALOGEN REPLACEMENTS
A Solution That Rocks The Wombi Rock is a landmark for visitors to
A recent upgrade, to Endura PAR 38 and PAR
Connecticut’s Mohegan Sun Casino—it’s a glowing
20 lamps from Philips Lighting, has made a big
fabrication of glass laminate and onyx stone that
difference. The new lamps are rated for 45,000
stands 3-1/2 stories high. Keeping that internal
hours and pack a stronger punch than the
light shining was challenging with the original
originals. Seeing these benefits, the casino went
halogen lamps, especially because maneuvering
on to relamp other casino areas, with annual
within the structure to replace burned-out units is
energy savings of $69,700 for the rock installation
difficult for all but the nimblest employees.
and an additional $416,700 in the further effort.•
V IS TA 15 0 0 S E R I E S S T E P L IG H T S
YOU DECIDE
IF YOUR DESIGNS NEED
POP
DAYLIGHTING: BALANCED DESIGN
It Goes for Miles
Here’s the challenge lighting designers faced in their plans
VISTA 1500 Series Step Lights with a Performance Optics Package (POP):
for the new Terminal 2 at the Chhatrapati Shivaji International
» Sharp cut-off optics deliver precise light placement without glare
Airport in Mumbai, India: uniformly illuminate
» Optics can be hot aimed while installed to achieve your envisioned effect
a wall that was 18 ft. high and almost 3 miles
» 30˚ adjustment with the maximum candela from 25˚ to 55˚ below horizontal » Multiple door options and face treatments: borders, louvers and sheer glass; customizable options and silk screening available » Extension rings to correct the positioning of optics and doors when housings are placed too deep in walls during installation
long—and do it while still meeting LEED Gold HOT A I M I NG R A NGE
» LEDs from three up to larger nine up configurations
EXPERIENCE THE VISTA DIFFERENCE. Explore the possibilities right here: vistapro.com/1500series
power-density restrictions. Among the fixtures tested during mock-up trials, only those in Cooper Lighting’s io series 2.0 met both aesthetic and performance requirements. They now are installed behind a stainless steel perforated panel that helps tie the massive space together visually.•
ABOVE: The spirit of the design was to bathe the corridors in as much natural light as possible. LED lighting, discreetly placed behind the metal interior screen, helped provide electric illumination when needed. 800-766-8478 | www.vistapro.com
Circle 06 VISTA PRO: 1/2 Pg. Island–Architectural Step Lights: Final 1/16/14 PUB: Architectural SSL; March/April 2014 SIZE:104-color; 1/2 page Island Size= 5.125" x 7" tall, No Bleed 1410SSLBUZ.indd Swanson Russell JOB # V800-33277-13_ArchSSL_SizeA
www.architecturalssl.com
10/1/14 4:58 PM
RGB: HOSPITALITY
Chinese Food with Flair The Meizhou Dongpo restaurant chain has been a familiar stop with Chinese diners since 1996, but when opening its first United States outlet at the Westfield Shopping Mall in Century City, Calif., owners knew they had to make a splash to stand out among the competition. The resulting lighting design from LED Source Los Angeles helps highlight the restaurant’s futuristic play on Asian design traditions. One signature touch can be seen in the glass-walled, illuminated cubbyholes now housing a total of 475 handcrafted glass vases. The restaurant owners wanted to be able to control the color of each cubbyhole independently through the larger lighting system. LED Tape Light from Nora Lighting, in both RGB and 3000K, versions helped them meet lighting and control requirements while still complying with California’s Title 24 efficiency demands.•
RIGHT: Just one of many color schemes the restaurant is able to employ thanks to the use of controllable LED light sources. That said, the restaurant also wished the light sources to be discreet, thus they turned to Nora Lighting’s flexible LED Tape Light.
Refreshing. The Verbatim Contour Series – a line of elegantly efficient LED lamps that echo the beauty found in nature.
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UL Wet-Rated, ideal for exterior use. Contour Series PAR38. Available in 2700K, 3000K, and 4000K. (UL Wet-Rated PAR30 also available)
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10/1/14 4:58 PM
Energy Saving Priority?
First Cost Savings Priority?
Energy use is a key consideration in lighting design, but saving energy alone does not itself produce anything useful.
One must have a product selected and a need to be filled before cost becomes determined. Further, cost may not even be an issue.
Universal Market Priority? Total Cost of Ownership Priority?
No universal value exists—each customer is different and has different needs.
Costs must also be balanced against visual performance, controls integration and appearance of the product in use.
People Priority? More than light levels and color preferences.
JUST THE WAY IT’S ALWAYS BEEN DONE...
Over time, with a stable technology like lighting, assumptions arise and shortcuts ensue as an easier means of evaluating a client’s needs. But in the face of technology disruption, the fabric of preconceived assumptions unravels, and a more analytical, if arduous, lighting evaluation process is in order.
12 • 07.14 • ARCHITECTURAL SSL
1410SSLMSF.indd 12
www.architecturalssl.com
10/8/14 4:21 PM
SHADOWS OF 14
By Kevin Willmorth, editor
Proper lighting decision making involves a blend of objective
making and re-evaluation of preconceptions, to avoid irrelevant
and subjective decision making. Objective measures include
or inaccurate results when applied to current technologies.
energy use and finances; subjective influences include aesthetic,
Unfortunately, the first hurdle—recognizing the need to redress
personal preference and fitness to surroundings. Evaluating
past practices—is high.
every impact, influence and metric in detail, however, is time-
those who introduced solid-state to lighting are equally guilty
the habit of making assumptions as a shortcut. These presuppo-
of bringing their own set of assumptions to the mix, founded
sitions are formed through direct experience and conventional
on over-simplification of the lighting market. For example, the
wisdom, particularly following a long period of relative stability.
early focus on efficacy over color quality came from the idea that
The result is rote decision making. In time, even questionable
energy savings was the greatest priority. This premise proved
assumptions remain, as familiarity with the inaccuracies
poisonous to early adoption, as color quality, product quality,
become part of the weave of acceptable variations. However,
uniformity, and durability issues overshadowed energy perfor-
when technology changes significantly, the fabric of these pre-
mance. Ironically, those who brought solid-state technology to
conceived assumptions unravels.
lighting were required to redress their own assumptions about
Solid-state lighting technology, of course, represents a
the market before general illumination could be bothered to
significant disruption to the stability of several decades of
redress its own. This process is ongoing and will continue until
accumulated lighting assumptions. Change requires conscious
the industry reaches a new state of balance. Following is a look
reconsideration of both objective and subjective decision
at the major “assumptions” that must be re-evaluated.
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1410SSLMSF.indd 13
Further hindering the emergence of SSL is the fact that
consuming and, historically, industry decision-makers fall into
ARCHITECTURAL SSL • 07.14 • 13
10/8/14 4:22 PM
The Energy Saving Priority Assumption Without doubt, energy use is a consideration in lighting decision making. However, the assumption that energy efficiency is the highest priority is an over-simplification. Saving energy alone does not itself produce anything useful. One could argue that energy efficiency is not a priority at all—unless it is established as a requirement within the context of the lighting system. For example, a restaurant owner seeking to deliver a welcoming environment for customers will place concerns of color, aesthetic presentation, physical appearance, uniformity, dimmability and cost as top priorities. With those needs satisfied, compliance with energy use requirements are approached in tuning the final design. For street lighting, utilities may consider the financial impact of reduced maintenance and enhanced reliabil-
UNDERSTAND THE CLIENT’S GOALS —ENERGY
UNDERSTAND THE CLIENT’S GOALS—AESTHETIC
The Tops Friendly grocery store, employing Cree’s CS18 linear luminaire, is a case where 70% energy savings was among the top concerns.
This bar, featuring 3M’s stylish AIR luminaire, is an example in which energy savings was not the primary driver in illuminating the space.
ity of solid-state higher priorities than energy saving. Large retailers may first consider presenta-
restaurant may not consider cost when it comes
tion of product, delivery of an attractive shop-
to the customer interaction spaces, reserving
ping experience, security camera performance,
cost-conscious decisions to back-of-house.
and maintenance disruptions as priorities. For
Commercial and institutional spaces generally
this reason, the early LED lighting fixtures that
include presentation, conference, executive and
delivered high efficiency at the cost of visual
public areas where value is different than that
comfort, aesthetic appearance, color quality, and
applied to private spaces. This applies to the
longevity has evolved into an emerging trend
application of SSL as it does any other product—
of quality solid-state lighting products that are
with a twist.
high performing, visually attractive and cost ef-
In spaces where lighting levels are minimal,
fective, while also delivering exceptional energy
and the cost of maintenance and risk of failure
performance.
are low, the additional cost of solid-state prod-
Price itself delivers nothing. One must first have a product selected and a need to be filled before the cost of filling that need or delivering that product can be considered.
ucts that deliver long service life and ultimate
The First-Cost Priority Assumption
efficiency may be considered too high. Another
Like energy efficiency, it might appear that first-
factor influencing cost appraisals is the prolif-
cost can be assumed as the highest priority in
eration of low-cost products that fail to deliver.
decision making. However, this ignores a core
This simultaneously erodes price expectations of
premise: Price itself delivers nothing. One must
the market while destroying customer confi-
first have a product selected and a need to be
dence in low-price competition. Being the lowest
filled before the cost of filling that need or deliv-
price in these conditions may be less successful
ering that product can be considered. Only when
than being nearer the middle of the market.
all factors and goals of the decision-making
Only when considering all other variables before
process are included can cost be placed in proper
price, can the difference in price of products be
context. For example, the owner of the high-end
considered a significant factor.
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Universal Market Assumptions Of all assumptions made by product providers and marketers, the idea that there exists a universal set of values is the most insidious. Not only is there a great deal of difference between customers in the multitude of general illumination application markets; within these markets, variations in competitive environment, legislativedemands and subtle personal preferences paint a rainbow of issues that cannot be bundled. Not all restaurant owners consider lighting a priority. Not every municipality is interested in spending precious capital saving energy or reducing maintenance—no matter how absurd that may sound. Commercial offices and factories are built every day by design-build processes that use formulaic lighting approaches that ignore best practices, delivering poor lighting
PUZZLE PIECES
Dell’s Childrens’ Medical Center of Central Texas sought a rare prize: LEED Platinum certification. LED VT Series fixtures and controls from Acuity helped them achieve that goal.
performance. Conversely, other building owners spend a great deal more than necessary to realize the highest quality lighting available. While energy codes dictate control of lighting energy, there are virtually no considerations of lighting quality pursued with equal vigor. The only safe
TECHNOLOGY DRIVEN
The Pencil & Monk Design Studio in Chennai, India, designed by Amardeep Dugar, is an example where the client desired a swanky space that reflected the company’s involvement in film and other media experiences. SSL helped deliver a space that enhanced creativity and energy efficiency.
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Total Cost of Ownership Assumptions
assumption one can make about any customer or
When a lighting system uses low-cost
market is that there are no universally appli-
products with fragile sources requiring replace-
cable assumptions. SSL may be the hottest and
ment continually, short payback periods may be
most desirable new technology to emerge in the
appropriate—since the costs of operation are
last century, but this alone may not be relevant
ongoing for the life of the system. However, with
to the myriad of decision makers involved. For
solid-state lighting requiring no lifetime mainte-
SSL to reach its full potential, solid-state
nance, the initial cost of product represents both
providers must avoid universal thinking to apply
initial and maintained cost over the system life-
the technology’s inherent plasticity to gain ad-
time. For this reason, the premise of comparing
vantage—to entice customers to turn away from
solid-state products on a supposed one-for-one
old formulas.
basis with high-maintenance conventional
Another misconception is that money flows
systems creates non-sequitur results. Further,
from a single source, accounted for under a
financial spreadsheet evaluations fail to include
single rational umbrella. In most operations of
consideration of the values added of visual per-
scale, capital investments are managed separate
formance, human factors, controls integration,
of operational expenses. Lighting requires
or even appearance of products in use. Com-
capital investment that must pass qualifiers in-
paring a high-efficiency fluorescent product to
volving real value and capital available, against
a performance enhanced solid-state product
other non-lighting priorities. This is particu-
is overly reductive. With solid-state poised to
larly pointed when the space being addressed
deliver far more in both subjective and objective
is to be leased or operated separately from the
value than can be reflected in a spreadsheet,
developer. Maintenance is frequently a discrete
new appraisal processes with greater fidelity the
line item managed independent of either capital
industry needs to present accurate appraisals.
investment or energy expense. Payback analysis
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supporting a capital expense, funded by savings in maintenance and/or energy, includes the incorrect supposition that these are appreciated universally. Decision makers frequently struggle to gain consensus between disparate layers of organizations, short circuiting the process.
Assumptions that Fail to Consider Human Factors as Priority One Artificial lighting exists for only one purpose: to enable and enhance human vision when available natural light is inadequate. This humancentric approach is not a New Age trend, it is the core purpose of artificial illumination. However, addressing human factors has been boiled down to assumptions of light levels, brightness patterns and color preferences. These objectively defined factors are applied under the accepted conjecture that lighting is a quantitative func-
DAYLIGHT DRIVEN
tion of satisfying metrics that define lighting
Cooper LIghting’s training and design center outside of Denver was created to showcase their new LED and Greengate control products, but also to show the technology in action. For example, during the day, the office area and design studio can be dimmed to their lowest settings to work in conjunction with daylighting efforts.
performance. This is a cart-before-the horse issue that uses metric performance as a crutch to avoid the specifics of designing to enhance human health and high visual performance. The IES Lighting Handbook provides guidance for selecting and defining lighting needs, in objective terms, reflecting the current state of
of performance between scotopic and photopic
understanding. Digging deeper, lighting design-
visual response (the S/P ratio), coupled with
ers need insight into how human vision works,
pupil function, that is proven to increases visual
and how artificial lighting enables it to function
performance beyond simple illuminance levels.
at its best. Unfortunately, in the age of instant
The document also challenges assumptions of
gratification, most of this important detail is
lighting color preference, supported by new
ignored in favor of quick answers and rote
research indicating that much higher CCTs than
formulas. This systematic laziness creates a bar-
previously assumed are preferred in many task
rier to adopting new technologies such as solid-
applications. This directly challenges acceptance
state. With no understanding of the benefits of
of the 3000K to 4000K standard in commercial
human-centered design, it is impossible to make
and educational spaces, with research indicating
decisions that enhance performance.
that 5000K, even 7500K and beyond, is preferred
Current understanding of human response
to the current warm-light bias. The application
to light is expanding rapidly, leading to fantas-
of higher CCTs delivers greater visual perfor-
tic new opportunities for applying solid-state
mance than warmer CCTs, reducing the required
to push lighting beyond its current state of
minimum light levels (and subsequent energy
footcandles, lumens and watts. For example, the
demand) in kind. This is well supported by
ability to tune and dynamically adjust spectral
research demonstrating improved performance
power densities to enable greater visual perfor-
and accuracy in visually demanding tasks, along
mance, increase comfort, and deliver a sense of
with reducing the number of complaints of
well-being is a very real potential. The IES publi-
light-related physiological reactions, such as eye
cation TM-24-13 describes factors in the balance
strain and headache.
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Addressing human factors has been boiled down to assumptions of light levels, brightness patterns and color preference. In other words, metrics are used as a crutch to avoid the specifics of designing to enhance human health and visual performance.
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CONTRAST, LAYERING & CONTROL
Werkraum Bregenzerwald in Vorarlberg is a facility designed to showcase Austrian craftsmanship. Daylighting dominates the space and the Zumtobel LED lighting is carefully layered to complement natural lighting and place accent on the exhibits. The lighting system is not static, and can be adjusted based on events or weather conditions.
systems by lumen depreciation over operating
nologies to deliver the variable color/illuminance
hours. To overcome this debility, the practice of
performance that natural light provides—while
over-lighting is applied to SSL, in anticipation of
saving energy and elevating visual performance
degradation of performance down to the desired
to new highs.
illuminance levels at some point in the future. SSL is capable of reversing this—to place lumen
Growing Pains
output as the steady state product, with energy
This is hardly a complete summary of the mass
use adjusted over time to maintain the desired
of assumptions that have become engrained
light output. This places the emphasis more ap-
into lighting practice over decades of stability.
propriately on visual performance first. Raising
However, it does show how the comfortable and
expectations and reversing assumptions is the
lazy reliance on assumptions acts as a barrier
key to unlocking this potential.
to adopting new technologies, and why early
Other areas of technical limitation inherited
versions of promising new light sources, such as
Technical Limitation Assumptions
from conventional technology includes fixed col-
LEDs and OLEDs, are suffering through a period
Conventional lighting products are degrad-
or output and fixed spectral power distribution.
where they’re simply mimicking the technologies
ing lumen output devices, with no mechanism
Solid-state technology is capable of delivering
they hope one day to displace. As technology pro-
to maintain light output. This results in fixed
color tuning separate of light output. Further,
gresses and becomes more familiar, the assump-
power consumption systems that degrade in
within any given CCT, subtle tuning of spectral
tions working against it will be broken down and
performance of their primary task of enabling
balance, from blue light to red enhanced, can be
displaced with new thinking. Between now and
human vision over time. In this early stage of
included. With expanded controls capability, new
then, a great deal of hard work will be neces-
solid-state technology, this assumed behavior
lighting systems can break the assumed steady
sary to redress past practices and overcome the
remains in place, defining the life of solid-state
illuminance and color state of conventional tech-
unavoidable resistance to change.•
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E V O LV I N G
E X T E R I O R S
By Vilma Barr, contributing writer
Façades occupy a unique place in
three-dimensional construction
Façades and the environment
Façade lighting as marketing
the built environment. They are the
with only empty space behind it
Apart from street lighting to make
The technological ability to com-
canvas upon which the designer
that assumes dramatic sculptural
traffic routes safe in towns and
municate with light has evolved
has given a face for us to recognize,
proportions when illuminated.
cities, urban areas and districts
into shaping architectural façades
develop their own character when
rather than simply embellishing
for the structure to assume an
The revolutionary development
image, or a personality. When it
of LEDs has offered designers fresh
it is dark and their illuminated
them. Light patterns and colors
comes to a evaluating a façade,
new approaches for façade lighting.
façades are responsible for their
inject fresh character into basic
we are all users. Lighting makes a
By controlling the brightness and
identifiable character.
architectural forms at night. For
façade user-centric.
color of LED light sources, and by
purveyors of products or services,
taking advantage of LEDs’ diverse
Façade styles and materials
they present the brand’s messages
lighting solutions for building
optical characteristics, innovative
The construction style and
to convey information that visually
façades can create added value for
technical solutions are transforming
materials of a structure determine
supports the organization’s appeal
the structure itself or economic
the approach to façade lighting.
the approach to its illumination.
to its target market.
merit by making a location more
Designers balance these solutions
International suppliers point out
beautiful, safer, or inviting recre-
with the need to be sustainable,
that whether the structure is
Presented here are eight projects
ational uses. Today, the definition
save resources, and prevent unnec-
historical or modern, its façade
from around the world that reflect
of a façade applies not only to
essary light pollution.
lighting should communicate the
these trends and illustrate the
same architectural message as it
dynamic relationship of the façade
does during daylight hours.
to its environment.
Contemporary architectural
buildings or occupied structures, but can be expanded to include a
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In this context, some basic trends emerge:
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TOPICS AT THE FRONT
URBAN ART
When Mexico City extended it subway system, a new station opened on
Liverpool Department Store
Wrapped in a new sculptural façade of illuminated interlocking hexagons, Liverpool Department Store, Insurgentes is a dimensional billboard to enliven a busy Mexico City intersection. A previously completed new façade and roof garden at Liverpool’s Interlomas store reports a 30% revenue increase.
Avenida de los Insurgentes. Occupying one corner is a branch of the Liverpool
Mexico City
Department Store chain. However, the façade it presented was a blank stucco wall, unsupportive of the contemporary fashion image of the stylish
Lighting Design:
merchandise the store was known for. “The store was desperately in need
Ideas y Proyectos en Luz
of an identity that would engage the street,” says Michel Rojkind. With his
Architect:
design team, their solution was wrapping the exterior in a 10-ft.-deep illu-
Rojkind Arquitectos
minated geometric screen that not only increased the store’s usable square footage, but created a visual icon, day and evening, that has significantly
Photos:
boosted customer traffic.
Courtesy, Rojkind Arquitectos
LIGHT COMMUNICATION
The Scale Lane Footbridge is a multi-use urban facility that offers residents
Scale Lane Bridge
When the Scale Lane Bridge is due to swing open, pedestrians are alerted to the sound of rhythmic bells that begin to chime, and pulsating lights from the roof light fin and LEDs embedded in the bridge path. They are synchronized to continue during the movement cycle.
of the city a graceful elevated wooden walkway from the city’s Old Town
Hull, U.K.
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Conservation Area to a planned development on the other side of the river. A line of red LEDs along the roof emphasizes the shape of the enclosure on
Lighting Design:
the bridge. The glazed triangle with the restaurant inside is internally lit
Sutton Vane Assocs.
to glow red. White glareless lights built into the balustrade illuminate the decking and reflect into the water. When the bridge moves, a synchronized
Photos: Timothy Soar; Courtesty
bird song and pulsating lights signal the start and finish of the opening.
McDowell+ Benedetti Architects
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TOPICS AT THE FRONT
Geolog Stadium Retrofit
Originally constructed in 1983, the Geolog Stadium, about 1,000 mi. east of
Tyumen, Russia
Moscow in Siberia, has been refitted with an illuminated skin to draw activity to the soccer stadium even on the days without matches. CB 90 fixtures by
Lighting Design:
Siteco, an Osram company, were installed in front of the stadium’s façade to
Osram Turkey
highlight the ground level’s architectural details. Customized Traxon Wall Washer Shield XB-36 RGB fixtures were double-mounted on poles, aimed to
Photos:
evenly cover the whole front façade. The fixture utilizes AC line voltage and
Courtesy, Traxon
can function up to 325 yards from its power source.
Marriott Broadway Tower
Extending 750 ft. into the skyline near Columbus Circle
New York City
is the 68-story Marriott’s Courtyard/Residence Inn
SIBERIAN RICHES
Tyumen, the first major Russian settlement in Siberia, has grown to a population of 600,000. Its growth is linked to the discovery in the region of oil and natural gas, wih the city serving as the transportation hub.
Central Park. The tower actually houses the two brands Architects:
separately. Lighting brings the exterior to life with
Nobutaka Ashihara
bands of blue light denoting each shift in the building’s form while an illuminated elevator shaft captures
Lighting Design:
attention at street level and surroundings. Changing
Focus Lighting
shades of blue accent the 75-ft.-tall crown. Vertical runs of blue LED nodes are spaced five in. on center, with
Photos:
eight runs per side, spaced about 5 ft. apart horizontally.
Ryan Fischer, Joshua Spitzig
For the tower façade, horizontal runs of smaller blue LEDs spaced 2 in. on center are mounted at the breaks between building sections. A transparent elevator shaft running partially up one side of the building extends the blue theme with LED accents mounted within the shaft, and above and below the elevator cab. “It gives the impression of a white elevator cab floating on a bed of blue air,” say Paul Gregory, Focus’ principal.
STANDING OUT
The Manhattan skyline is a multi-layered panoply of projected colored light. A more restrained approach characterizes the single blue light selected to distinguish the 68-floor-high Marriott at 1717 Broadway from nighttime competition, generating its image as “The Blue Hotel.”
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TOPICS AT THE FRONT
FABULOUS FACELIFT
One of the sites where the James Bond installment Quantum of Solace was
Casino Bregenz
To present the casino to optimum effect at night, its operators opted for a dynamic media façade that would help create the right backdrop for a highly atmospheric evening at the casino.
filmed, the casino was in dire need of a look suited to Hollywood. New metal
Bregenz, Austria
sheeting gives new shape to the renovated façade, which was also fitted with 1140 meters of Zumtobel’s CAPIX evolution LED media facade luminaire
Lighting Design:
that sticks to the framework like a second skin. Thus, when night falls, the
Zumtobel
casino is transformed into a shining interplay of colors. Beyond colors and effects, a sequence of moving pictures can be projected.
Photos: Marcel A. Mayer
The Endless Stair is a public art installation that was
The Endless Stair
constructed outside the Tate Modern museum as part
London, UK
of the 2013 London Design Festival. Inspired by the drawings of M.C. Escher, it combines 15 interlocking
Architecture
staircases with a total of 187 steps to form a series of
dRMM Architects
reconfigurable walkways leading to a dramatic viewing platform. Designed by London-based dRMM Architects
Lighting:
and engineered by Arup, the structure’s striking night
SEAM Design
time appearance was created by the lighting design firm SEAM Design. “Lighting art and architectural
Photos:
sculptures has many challenges, particularly those that
James Newton
require interactivity,” said SEAM Director Marci Song. For Endless Stair, SEAM used Lumenpulse’s Lumenbeam and Lumenfacade fixtures. The combination of the linear grazers and narrow beam spotlights accentuates architectural juxtapositions, creating a play between the physical structure and the nature of light. Sequencing visually recomposes the sculpture.
INTERACTIVE ART
Visitors can move through the sculpture. The lighting design had to address not only how the piece looks from distant and close up views, but also how the light creates compartments of atmospheres. SEAM used 2700K color temperature to enhance the warmth of the wood, and narrow 10 degree optics to limit glare.
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TOPICS AT THE FRONT
Former Bethlehem Steel Plant
When it opened in 1890, the Bethlehem Steel plant was the world’s largest
Philadelphia, Pa.
industrial complex in continuous use until it ceased operations in 1995. It got new life in 2009 when the Las Vegas Sands created a casino complex
Lighting Design:
on the site illuminating the blast furnace, high house and ore crane to a
Speirs + Major
prominentplace on the city’s skyline as part of the project. To bring new life to the vintage industrial sculptures, Speirs + Major employed a system of
Photos:
approximately 250 ColorReach Powercore LED floodlights and more than
Alysha Eve Csuk
100 ColorBlast Powercore LED wash lights from Philips Color Kinetics.
Agua Luces
Spanish for “water lights,” Agua Luces was the theme
Tampa, Fla.
for a 2012 undertaking to permanently light nine
NEW LIFE FOR STEEL PLANT
Speirs + Major’s concept for the site recalls the steel production process. The original furnaces glow red, alternately deepening and fading in color to represent periods of heating and cooling, while areas of blue light highlight the final cooling phases.
landmark bridges across the Hillsborough River, and Lighting Design: Tracey Dear
over train tracks and roadways. The lighting contract for the first five bridges was awarded to event lighting specialist and architectural lighting designer Tracey
Photos:
Dear to complete the design so the lighting could be
Courtesy of Luminart
installed prior to the Republican National Convention. British-born Dear says that the vistas of water, with the addition of the element of light, produces “a powerful mix.” In his experience, the light source, the color, direction and the timing of the color changes draw different reactions from the viewer. ”Much like the river’s changing currents, the bridges will constantly change color and appearance that will be reflected on the river’s surface and become part of its beauty.”
VISTA OF WATER AND LIGHT
Agua Luces, “Water Lights,” is part of LIghts On Tampa, a public/private partnership between the city’s Art Program and the Friends of Tampa Public Art. Some of these commissioned projects are temporary, others, such as the bridge illumination program, remain permanent contributions to the city’s downtown. Lighting designer Tracey Dear used Illuminarc Lumipanel 901P, Lumiline 301P and Illumnispal 401P fixtures to light the structures.
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www.architecturalssl.com
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Circle 08
9/30/14 4:11 PM
F§±TUR§D PRoj§Ct
Offices of the Nuclear Energy Institute, Washington, D.C. Architect, Interior and Lighting Design: FOX Architects, LLC General Contractor: James G. Davis Construction Text: Vilma Barr Photos: Ron Blunt Photography The Challenge: Office space that had been occupied as the headquarters for the Nuclear Energy Institute in Washington, D.C. wasn’t suitable to be adapted to a new layout that would encourage interaction between staff members. As an organization that supports clean air energy, upgraded building systems were a priority as part of the requirements for a new office location. Another objective was a visual theme that expressed an innovative, contemporary outlook. The Solution: NEI leased a three-level, 50,000-sq.-ft. space in a downtown Washington, D.C. building and retained FOX Architects to create a handsome, energy-efficient space. The designers carved out a central core that connects all three floors, highlighted by an open tread staircase with a transparent handrail to extend the volume of the floating stair. In this opening hangs the SSL jewel of the space: a free-form LED-illuminated fixture. LED is also prominently featured in a full-height wall covered with a lacy organic screen that creates afanciful decorative contrast to NEI’s minimal office environment.
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Agreement by consensus in
“There was a committee of 25
rate culture and how it would be
Washington, D.C. isn’t reported
staff members who attended the
as an everyday occurrence in our
initial project visioning sessions,
perceived to visitors,” Robins says.
nation’s capital these days. One
and they all got a chance to have
do a good job of sharing daylight
notable, non-governmental excep-
their say,” reports designer Melanie
beyond the perimeter, so employ-
tion, however, occurred as part
Robins of FOX Architects. “They
ees and the management were
of the planning to help determine
were encouraged to share their
both ready for something different,
the function and design for the
ideas about public spaces, how
according to Robins.
50,000-sq.-ft., multi-floor space for
each group worked, and what they
the offices of the Nuclear Energy
wanted the design of the office to
roadmap of the proceedings, a
Institute (NEI) at 1201 F Street N.W.
communicate about their corpo-
graphic facilitator was enlisted
NEI’s former headquarters didn’t
To give the participants a visual
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Expressing an Energy Image
to capture the ideas of the group
executive director/chief informa-
members during the visioning
tion officer—who led NEI’s office de-
session. “He took key words and
velopment team—also had energy
drew cartoon-like representations
efficiency goals in mind, specifically
of what he heard so that everyone
LEED Silver Certification. “We com-
came away with a visual refer-
pletely gutted and rebuilt the space
ence as to what was said and the
so we could incorporate resource-
direction the design wanted to go,”
efficient heating and lighting
Robins explains.
technologies, along with utilizing
Beyond a crisper and more open environment, John McIntire, NEI’s
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A LIGHT TOUCH A mix of sources illuminate NEI’s new space. LED was used primarily for accent purposes, such as to backlight the reception desk and create the signature blue that runs throughout the space. Fluorescent sources account for more general illumination, including the crisscrossed ceiling pendents.
recycled interior finishing products wherever possible,” says McIntire.
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FOX Architects’ approach to the client’s objectives for a sustainable, collaborative work setting was a
and reception area take up a large
accent in the corridors. Crisp white
percentage of the 11th floor.
LEDs illuminate the NEI logo and
To create a unifying element
also the reception desk.
layout that created smaller private
throughout the space, a rich sky
offices while assigning reclaimed
blue hue—NEI’s signature color—
combination of LED and more
square footage to other areas to
permeates various areas, appearing
traditional sources throughout the
accommodate group work sessions
as upholstery, column coverings,
space, but LED, as a whole, was
and encourage collaboration out-
area rugs, backlit graphics, and
selected to bring about subtle
side of the private office.
LED lighting behind the metal
effects. These include under-
mesh screen wall.
cabinet lighting, illumination for
Glass walls provide a feeling of openness and transparency that
Blue LED strip fixtures from
Robins employed a balanced
the reception desk, LED tape for
encourages communication
Prolume create the feature lighting
the stair plinths and knife-edge
between staffers. A majority of
in the central three-floor-spanning
ceilings, accent downlights over
offices are on the 10th and 12th
stairway, behind the full-height
serving credenzas, wall grazing for
floors; the conference center, café
metal mesh screen wall, and as
the organic screen panels adjacent
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The color blue, often created with LED, permeates the office to create a unifying element in the 3-level space.
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to the stair, as well as the signature
two arm lengths alternating for
fluorescent fixtures suspended
SSL SIGNATURE
suspended fixture located in the
the entire length of each fixture.
below free-form recesses in the
stair well between the floors.
Individual arms had to be arranged
drywall ceiling. The fixtures are the
by hand in the field, which Robins
Tori by Birchwood Lighting, with
notable fixture (pictured upper
says was no easy task in a three-
28W, 3500K T5 lamps. This lamp
right) went beyond researching
story stair opening.
is also used as the recessed linear
A highlight of the project is the LEDilluminated helix-like luminaire that hangs suspended from the 12th floor. It’s made up of longer and shorter arms that alternate the entire length of the sculptural fixture. The long arms have 20 6.4W LEDs, and the short arms have 20 3.2W LEDs to illuminate the entire 30-ft. length.
Robins’ involvement with this
and specifying it. She also directed
Each of the three fixtures have
its installation and helped to angle
20 6.4W LEDs in the long arms, and
fluorescent fixture above the
the placement of each of the off-
20, 3.2W LEDs in the short arms.
reception desk from Alight.
white matte lacquer-finished arms
The built-in LEDs use a total of 576
on site. “It was delivered in a huge
watts to illuminate the entire 30-ft.
flat box from the importer/manu-
length.
facturer [Interlux/Vibia Lighting],” she recalls. The fixtures, says Robins, had
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Robins also created visual interest
fluorescent in the 4-ft. recessed
In the elevator lobby, a large 40-ft.-long recessed plaster in panel luminaire from Whitegoods was used to create a consistent bright
in the reception area and café, by
light. For the typical corridor ceiling
crisscrossing 8-ft.-long linear
illumination, Robins selected 6-in.
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HEIGHT OF CONSIDERATION A particular challenge of the space was dealing with the various equipment housed in the ceiling as well as the varying slab-to-slab heights. Robins countered the horizontality of the conference rooms with custom square overhead fixtures from Whitegoods.
round aperture horizontal one-
in such areas as the conference
Whitegoods, containing four 28W
lamp triple tube fluorescent down-
rooms required special treatment.
T5 fluorescent lamps.
lights from Pathway Lighting.
“As per usual for D.C., we were
To give the community table in
NEI’s office design was ultimately
working with some pretty compli-
rated LEED Gold, higher than its
the café its own lighting identity,
cated existing conditions and tight
goal of Silver certification. It also
a custom pendant fixture from
slab-to-slab heights,” Robins says.
earned top honors in the 2014
3-Form-Light Art has a woven
Post-tension beams were every-
Design Award program sponsored
3-Form Shade, fitted inside with
where along with large ducts and
by the International Interior Design
two 14W, E26 CFL globe lamps. The
the sprinkler and AV systems.
Assn.’s Mid-Atlantic Chapter. Total
crisscross linear fluorescents and
Robins countered the designed
energy used for lighting the entire
freeform recesses in the drywall
horizontality of the conference
occupied space was tallied at just
ceilings link back to the same aes-
rooms and tables with custom
under the 0.9 watts per sq. ft.
thetic in the reception space.
square, overhead surface-mounted
allowable in D.C.•
Lighting for low ceiling heights
28 • 10.14 • ARCHITECTURAL SSL
1410SSLFEA.indd 28
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ACCENT LED HELPS CREATE A LANDSCAPE OF MAGIC & ROMANCE Tavern on the Green, New York City
As the sun sets over New York City’s Central Park, the iconic restaurant, Tavern on the Green, twinkles under a new exterior lighting scheme illuminated almost exclusively with LEDs. Shuttered since 2009, this classic Manhattan eatery has been newly renovated, reopened in April with stylish interiors and a visual focus on the garden, where crystal LED chandeliers provide a sparkling canopy at night. To understand the renovation, you have to understand the restaurant’s history: It first opened in 1934 in a former sheepfold designed in 1870 by Calvert Vaux as a home to the animals commonly seen grazing in the park’s meadow. It quickly became one of the most popular destination restaurants in New York, with its trees wrapped in lights and its famous Crystal Room overlooking the garden. Over its life, it has undergone two other renovations before closing five years ago. “For the fourth iteration, we wanted to honor the building’s history while acknowledging the new architectural elements,” says Paul Gregory, principal at Focus Lighting, the architectural lighting firm brought onto the project by lighting designer Ken Billington, principal of KBA Lighting Design. A Tony Award-winning Broadway designer, Billington had worked on the lighting of the restaurant in the past and was brought back as part of the team with architect Richard H. Lewis and landscape architect Robin Key. One of the most dramatic changes in this latest recreation was the removal of the aforementioned Crystal Room. This process, however, revealed great architectural bones from the
ABOVE: The project was really split into two parts: the courtyard above, with its signature canopy of lights
created by low-wattage custom LED pendants; and the re-created restaurant, which now feels like an over-sized country cottage illuminated with a mix of LED accents and MR16s. Photos: Ryan Fischer
19th century sheepfold. The new design recalls the Crystal Room with glass walls that overlook the courtyard garden, which is the feature most spectacularly illuminated. “Drapes of light and crystal float over the courtyard, enveloping visitors in warm light as they enjoy views of
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SSLProfile:
Tavern on the Green, New York City
THE CHALLENGE: Recreate the iconic design of Tavern on the Green, while exposing the original 1870s architectural structure and reducing energy levels as well as any negative impact on the environment, while maintaining a strong visual aesthetic and meeting the needs of the Central Park Conservancy and Landmarks Commission. THE SOLUTION: The use of SSL almost exclusively in the garden courtyard, with custom-designed LED crystal chandelier pendants, creates visual excitement outside, while the interiors are accented with linear LEDs, blended with traditional sources to light the dining tables. The lighting pays homage to the architectural history of the building. PROJECT CREDITS:
BEAUTIFUL AND EFFICIENT LED has come a long way in a few short years, as very warm CCTs are delivered inside and out of the restaurant, but at a fraction of the wattage—31 million annually to be exact.
Owner: New York City, Dept. of Parks and Recreation Architect: Richard H. Lewis Landscape Architect: Robin Key Lighting Design: Focus Lighting: Paul Gregory; Brett Andersen, Christine Hope, Valentina Doro, Hilary
In addition, LED bullets by BK Lighting high-
while Boca Flasher line-voltage LED light strips
Manners, Andrew Balmer, Dan Nichols
light architectural features along the restored
accent the coves in the main dining room. “The
Lighting Consultant: Ken Billington, KBA
façade. Stake-mounted bullets were also placed
linear LEDs along the banquettes and the wall
Lighting Design
under the trees, as the city would not allow
paneling create a warm glow at the guest level
lights on the trees themselves. These fixtures all
that wraps patrons in a romantic light to em-
have 8W LED MR16-style sources.
brace the dining experience,” says Gregory.
Text: Ellen Lampert-Gréaux Photos: Ryan Fischer
Courtyard planters have custom, variable-
In looking back, Gregory says the biggest chal-
height points of light from Vision Quest Lighting,
lenge on the project was meeting the needs of
with LED fiber-optic illuminators from Visual
the Central Park Conservancy and the Land-
Lighting Technologies. HK Lighting’s exterior-
marks Commission as the building is almost 150
rated 70W, 4200K metal halide pattern projectors
years old. But beyond creating a great looking
Central Park and the Manhattan skyline,”
add texture to the roof to evoke the look of
space, Gregory is equally proud of the energy
explains Gregory.
dappled moonlight with blossom templates.
efficiency it will deliver. Despite being a simple
The effect is created via 500 custom-designed
Inside, the restored dining rooms have the
source replacement, in total, the switch to LED
LED chandelier pendants, made by Canopy
feel of an oversized country cottage, with
means 10,750 fewer watts per hour will be con-
Designs in Brooklyn. The pendants float on
exposed beams, parquet floors, and a fireplace
sumed; multiply that figure by an average of 8
airplane cable and electrical wire with sockets
as elements of an upscale, yet rustic, ambiance.
hours per day x 365 days, and he says you end up
spaced every 3 to 5 ft. on 14 bronze poles. These
Hanging over the main bar is a mobile of gilded
with a savings of 31,390,000 watts per year. “31
supports are adorned with large blown-glass
horses, and carved sheep heads on the mantel-
million watts,” exclaims Gregory. He calculates
decorative sconces custom-designed by Focus.
piece echo the building’s original purpose.
that’s a savings of $8,146 per year based on New
Gregory explains the poles are also used as the
Interior lighting blends LED accents with 50W
York City’s $0.26 kWh rate.
pick points and power feeds for the chandeliers.
MR16 lamps in a variety of fixtures. The entry
The end result in the garden is entrancing,
Each of the small chandeliers is fitted with
arch has Juno mini-LED recessed accents, and
whether dining below the canopy or looking out
one 3.5W-LED medium screw-base replacement
Boca Flasher line-voltage LED light strips run
from the dining rooms onto the garden. “By using
lamp with a 240-lumen output—actually about 20
along the ceiling beams.
careful accents, and the suspended miniature
lumens more than the 25W incandescent lamp
Tokistar linear, low-voltage flexible LED light
chandeliers, we have created a landscape of
the design firm would have primarily used just a
strips accent the bar fascia, banquettes and
magic and romance,” concludes Christine Hope, a
few years ago.
liquor riser, and serve as wall-panel uplights,
senior designer at Focus Lighting.•
32 • 10.14 • ARCHITECTURAL SSL
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More info: http://www.aal.net/products/spectra_large_scale/ Circle 11
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LEDReplacements PRODUCTS
LED FOR LIBERACE
PIN-BASE REPLACEMENT
IT'S A SNAP
These Civilight Diamond B11 Candelabra lamps offer a
New 5W and 7W PL Retrofit Lamps from MaxLite are
The Soraa SNAP System adds a magnet to the center of
striking design and significant energy savings, providing
designed to replace GU24, GX23 and G24q pin-base
PAR30-, PAR 38- and AR111-sized LED lamps to allow users
the equivalent illumination of a 40W incandescent lamp
compact-fluorescent products. The lamps are constructed
to attach a variety of magnetic accessories that can adjust
(330 lumens), while drawing only 6 watts. The lamps
with a lamp holder that rotates 270 degrees and feature a
color and shape—and soon, the direction—of the light beam.
are available in silver and gold finishes, both with a color
simple ballast bypass. Available output ranges from 450 to
Visit www.soraa.com or Circle 291.
temperature of 2700K.
750 lumens, in color temperatures from 2700K to 5000K.
Visit www.civilight-na.com or Circle 289.
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DOE RESEARCH
Familiar Form Still a Factor in the Lighting Market Many of LED lighting’s most ardent advocates
In fact, researchers behind the CALiPER Retail
proved retail-lamp market since their last report
(including, yes, this magazine’s editor) argue
Replacement Lamps Study say, many LED A-style
on retail lamps in late 2011. For example, earlier
this new technology should be leading us to new
lamps now on the market match the lumen output
products struggled to reach lumen equivalence
ways of looking at how illumination is distributed,
of the much-beloved (though no longer available)
for a standard 60W A lamp. This time around,
rather than forcing it into outdated form factors—
60W incandescent, with some comparable to
researchers evaluated a total of 46 lamps listed
namely, A19 and MR16 lamps and classic
75W and 100W products. Just as important,
as equivalents to incandescent A lamps and
fluorescent-style linear tubes. But old habits die
luminous-intensity distribution also is lining up
halogen MR16 lamps in several wattages each,
hard, and a century’s worth of table lamps, track
with incandescents, with color quality suitable
along with products intended to replace 75W
fixtures and ceiling troffers aren’t headed to
for most applications. And, when matched with
halogen PAR30 lamps. They purchased the lamps
the scrap heap anytime soon, so the market for
rapidly falling costs, these LED performance
from the same retail outlets today’s consumers
LED replacement versions of traditional lamps
benefits can give new lamps an advantage over
might use, including major hardware and big box
is huge. The good news, according to a recent
other energy-efficient options (such as CFLs) in
chains, aiming for products labeled with a
DOE CALiPER testing report, is that today’s LED
consumers’ buying decisions.
correlated color temperature (CCT) of 3000K, or
makers are stepping up to the challenge, with
the closest alternative.
products equivalent, or close to, what consumers
Setting Parameters
have come to expect from the lamps they’ve
CALiPER researchers did their shopping for
by manufacturers also shows much improvement
known for years.
test products in fall 2013, and found a much-im-
since 2011’s report, with hundreds of additional
34 • 10.14 • ARCHITECTURAL SSL
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A review of LED Lighting Facts data supplied
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LEDReplacements
TUBING IT
NEVER TOO SLIM
YOUR BEST REFLECTION
ZAC T8 tubes are available from Zenaro in 2- and 4-ft.
The Philips SlimStyle BR30 lamp replaces traditional 65W
New R and BR reflector lamps from Litetronics are
lengths. The 10W, 2-ft. tubes offer a luminous flux of 1100
interior incandescent floodlights, delivering 650 lumens on
designed as instant replacements in both appearance
lumens, while the 4-ft. lamps can be ordered as 18W and
just 9.5W. Similar to the SlimStyle A19, this lamp uses its
and performance for incandescent and CFL medium-base
22W models, producing 1900 or 2300 lumens, respectively.
flat surface to conduct heat away from LEDs, eliminating
reflector lamps, for use in cans and track fixtures. All are
Both lengths are available with color temperatures of
need for a heavy heat sink.
available in 2700K, 3000k and 4000k color temperatures.
4000K and 5000K.
Visit www.philips.com or Circle 293.
Visit www.litetronics.com or Circle 294.
Visit www.america.zenaro-led.com or Circle 292.
products, an increase in mean efficacy by 7-9
performance factors for those traditional
lumens/Watt (lm/W), and an increase in mean
products as well, so they purchased and tested a
output of more than 100 lm. Also, mean CCT
selection of 15 A lamps (including incandescent,
dropped as well, which translates into illumination
halogen and CFL), seven MR16s and three PAR30
that more closely resembles conventional lamps.
products to better understand the output,
And, for A lamps, many more products now offer
efficacy and CCT buyers would be expecting from
omnidirectional illumination—in fact, all the A
LED offerings.
CALiPER researchers did their replacement lamp shopping last fall, finding a much improved retail lamp market since their previous report.
lamps chosen for this report are designed to produce light in all directions, and they do it with a form factor meeting ANSI’s definition for A19 or A 21 lamps. Because retail LED lamps are intended to replace products with which consumers already are familiar, such as incandescent and CFL household bulbs and the MR16 and PAR30 lamps home and business owners might have in track and can fixtures, researchers wanted to benchmark
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LEDReplacements PRODUCTS
SLEEP TIGHT
FULLY DIMMABLE
LED OPTION FOR CERAMIC METAL HALIDE-LAMPS
The “Good Night” bulb from Lighting Science Group saves
The Contour Series PAR 30 and PAR 38 lamps from
Ultra Pro and Ultra Pro HD PAR lamps from Osram Sylvania
both energy and Z’s. The 12W LED replaces standard 60W
Verbatim are fully dimmable and feature non-glare optics
can replace traditional PAR20, PAR30 and PAR38 products
incandescent lamps and is color tuned to produce less
to reduce eyestrain. UL-wet rated, the lamps are ideal for
and offer high center-beam candlepower to put the focus
blue light. This illumination is intended to support natural
use in outdoor fixtures. The lamps are available in two
on merchandise and artwork. The lamps are available in
melatonin production to promote better sleep.
finishes and a variety of color temperatures and luminosities.
four color temperatures, with a color rendering index of 82
Visit www.lsgc.com or Circle 295.
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for the standard lamps and 92 for the HD versions. Visit www.sylvania.com or Circle 297.
DO§ r§s§±rCH
Familiar Form Still a Factor (Cont.) Output, Efficacy Distribution
included a lamp with an efficacy of 105 lm/W—
A-lamp replacements now are topping CFLs in
higher than its own claim, and the highest for
equivalency claims did not live up to their stated
efficacy, with the top performer exceeding 100
any medium-screw-base lamp CALiPER had
ouputs, and as a whole, this group rarely met the
lm/W and six others reaching above 80 lm/W.
tested to date. All in all, the researchers were
output of the halogen MR16 benchmarks—many
This also puts LED energy performance signifi-
encouraged at the number of higher-output
were more than 25% lower. Also, at the same
cantly ahead of halogen and incandescents. Of
options now available.
beam angle—an important characteristic in this
the 15 tested 60W replacements, 14 produced
In selecting PAR30 lamps for the study, the
Six of the tested MR16 LED lamps making
category—LED offerings simply didn’t match
at least 90% of their claimed lumen output (and
researchers searched out those lamps claiming
the center beam intensity of 50W, 12V halogen
two actually exceeded 110% of claimed value).
equivalent output to 75W halogen product and
lamps, and only a few reached the level of a 35W,
The LEDs labeled as replacements for 75W and
ended up with a group with listed lumen outputs
12V halogen. The LED contenders averaged 363
100W household bulbs faced a bigger challenge—
ranging from 740 and 900 lm.—a range which
lm, with an efficacy of 57 lm/W, with a substantial
in fact, two of the products were simply wrong
tested out to be 660 to 959 lm. This output fell
range in performance. The MR16 form factor
in stating this level of lumen output, and one of
slightly lower than the tested halogen benchmark
poses challenges for LED manufacturers, the re-
these wouldn’t even meet Energy Star’s standard
products; however with an average 61 lm/W ef-
searchers note, because of the mass and volume
for a 60W equivalent. However, the group also
ficacy rating, the LED lamps were more efficient.
LEDs require for thermal management.
36 • 10.14 • ARCHITECTURAL SSL
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THE NEXT GENERATION
I N L E D ACC E N T L I G H T I N G
A NEW FAMILY OF RECESSED MULTIPLES & TRACK LUMINAIRES The new, feature rich MX family of track and recessed multiple luminaires is perfect for the retail environment or any environment where versatility is paramount. MX track consists of two models, the MX with a vertical driver housing and the MXH with a horizontal driver housing. MX recessed multiples are offered with a new construction frame, featuring a slim 4” wide aperture in 1, 2, 3, 4 head configurations and a 10”x10” square. The MX family offers a new set of custom optics designed for performance and efficiency. At 14W per head, MX delivers more than 1000lm, making it an ideal alternative to 20W ceramic metal halide.
Scan the QR Code to view MX Product Video!
MX
MXH
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LEDReplacements PRODUCTS
SWITCH THE LAMP, NOT THE SOCKET
HEAD ON A SWIVEL
TOUGH CUSTOMER
The Helen Lamp by Lunera fits standard 4-pin G24 series
The 12W Swivel LED PAR 38 from Samsung produces 950
Designed for demanding environments, Kenall's T8-LED
CFLs as well as 2-pin G24d-series sockets, and can be
lumens at a warm 3000K color temperature at 80 CRI. Of
is the first replacement kit to offer a five-year combined
powered by the fixture's existing ballast. The 13W Helen,
course, the namesake swivel head makes for a significant
lamp/driver warranty based on 24×7 operation in an IP
however, has five times the lifespan of a typical CFL and cuts
impact when it comes to creating flexible spot lighting. The
rated, Wet Location listed sealed enclosure. The LED retro-
energy usage by more than 50% compared to a 26W CFL.
lamp is 5-in. long and 4.7-in. wide.
fit kit is ideal for parking garages, platforms, warehouses,
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gymnasiums, natatoriums—anywhere optimal lighting and energy savings are demanded. Visit www.kenall.com or Circle 300.
DO§ r§s§±rCH
Familiar Form Still a Factor (Cont.) Adding it up
photometric performance are somewhat more
intensity distributions – with the widespread
Finding multiple, high-quality products now
accurate than two years ago, but they remain
availability of A lamps with omnidirectional
available for less than $10, the researchers see
a concern in the retail market. Overall 43% of
distribution serving as just one example. No
potential for a significant uptick in the LED retail
products in this round made an equivalency
single “best” solution has been found yet, and
market—especially given the growth in avail-
claim that was not entirely accurate.
innovation is continuing, so lamps on tomorrow’s
ability of superior products, versus the last study
Performance has improved since the 2011
store shelves could look substantially different
on the topic in 2011. Looking at the hypotheses
study—though, in large part this was due to
in a few years.
they had set out to test with the 46 selected
more stringent selection criteria. But many of
In a final note of caution, the report’s authors
retail LED lamps, the researchers concluded:
the products in this study exceeded even the
note that price and performance weren’t found to
Compared to the previous study, new products
best-performing products tested in 2011.
correlate in this most recent study. So consumers,
are available that push the boundaries of lumen
While price per product was found to be about
contractors and other specifiers need to educate
output equivalency. For all three product types
the same as in 2011, performance is very differ-
themselves more than ever to ensure the products
considered—A19, PAR30 and MR16—multiple
ent, so price per lumen has continued to decline.
they buy meet their expectations.•
products were available exceeding performance
There have been a range of physical changes
of those from 2011.
to manufacturers’ lamp designs, with new
Manufacturer and retailer claims for
optical systems resulting in different luminous
38 • 10.14 • ARCHITECTURAL SSL
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There is X... and then there’s everything else.
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Circle 14
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By Kevin Willmorth, editor
Retrofit Strategies Explored Retrofit options offer many benefits; but it’s a case of buyer beware so make sure you get the ‘facts.’
Regardless of the availability and improved performance of many new
range of tests to qualify and carry the Energy Star label. Certainly, the
products specifically designed for solid-state, there is a portion of the
best strategy is to take advantage of products that have been verified
market that will choose, instead, to apply retrofit components into ex-
over products that haven’t.
isting conventional products. There are several logical reasons for this: Simplicity, and minimal disruption to existing operations and lighting
Review Retrofit Kits as New Products with Liabilities
systems, is the most obvious; re-lamping an existing fluorescent or
While the use of retrofit kits for outdoor and downlight products have
incandescent lamp with an LED sourced retrofit of similar shape and
grown, evaluating performance and realizing gains is not always
light delivery can also be done quickly and readily. The results can be
straightforward. For older outdoor products, failures in gasketing, loss
dramatic, with energy savings, in some cases, as great as 90%.
of clarity in glass lenses, and degradation of paint finishes can lead to
Reaping the benefits of low initial cost, ease of application, and fa-
failures beyond the lighting system; thus they require careful consid-
miliarity in maintaining a lighting system’s appearance and effect, will
eration. For example, installing a new light source, expected to survive
lead many end users to adopt such retrofit strategies as the primary
10 more years without attention, into a 20-year-old, pole-mounted
approach to solid-state lighting integration. Adding to the attractive-
luminaire on a pole of questionable integrity, is risky. However, installing
ness of this approach is a growing number of integrated products that
an LED retrofit kit into an indoor down-light to upgrade the light
include wireless control and sensors that transform a simple, “dumb”
source and optic makes perfect sense and avoids having to dig deeper
socket holder luminaire into a modern light source addressable with
into the building to install new.
modern controls, without the pain of re-wiring, or adding wires for control networks. The question is less about why retrofit, than it is about doing the best job of selecting the appropriate product to apply.
Read the Labels At the top of the list of issues to address is reliability of information
There are several reasons to opt for retrofitting existing fixtures with SSL components: simplicity, minimal disruption to operations, and form familiarity.
provided by the product manufacturer. With the retrofit lamp business running white hot, the number of entries into the market has exploded. Not all of these are reliable. Take advantage of DOE’s LED Lighting
Don’t Dismiss the Outright Replacement Option Too Quickly
Facts program, which verifies product test data from qualified labora-
When evaluating approaches for upgrading a lighting system to solid-
tories and matches marketing claims. Products displaying the Lighting
state, it makes a good deal of sense to include a review and consideration
Facts label have had their test and specification data reviewed, while
of replacement products, as well as lighting system redesign as well.
the manufacturer’s presence on the DOE Lighting Facts website backs
Frequently, the savings that results from converting from conven-
up their position as a reputable vendor. Be aware, there is another
tional sources to LED can be amplified by taking advantage of the most
Lighting Facts label mandated by the FTC, with similar information,
current, fully integrated new luminaires available. In many instances
but without the requisite pre-qualification. For solid-state product
the gains in energy savings, coupled with the opportunity to include
selection, look for the DOE LED Lighting Facts products.
advanced controls, update light levels, and freshen a space’s appearance can be of greater value than taking the easier route of re-lamping.
Look for Other Verification Sources
This is particularly true when existing lighting systems are very
An excellent resource for finding pre-qualified products is the Design-
old, or are poor performers, as these less-than-optimal options cause
Lights Consortium, which maintains a listing of products that have
losses in efficiency that reduce the effectiveness of even the best LED
been verified by independent laboratories to deliver what is represented
retrofit product available.
in product specifications and literature. This searchable resource is on the organization’s website. While no labeling is mandated, product providers invested in this effort include
More often than not, probably the most robust strategy would include a combination of new and retrofit options to put the best products to use in all areas, but also areas where they make the most sense.•
mention of their participation in the program. Retrofit lamps also fall into Energy Star categories, which must pass a thorough and stringent
40 • 10.14 • ARCHITECTURAL SSL
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By Vivian Wu, engineer, American Bright Optoelectronics Corp.
AC vs. DC LEDs: The Current War Revisited Flicker can be an issue with AC LEDs, but proper design can mitigate the issue while improving efficiency and dropping the bottom line.
One of the core basics in understanding solid state lighting systems
for traditional fixtures. Nearly the entire installed base of traditional
is that conventional LED light sources require a driver to provide
line-voltage (phase-cut) dimming controls was designed for incandes-
regulated constant voltage or current to the light engine. But is this
cent sources. There can be compatibility issues between these controls
the case? Alternatively, by generating the voltage or current directly to
and an LED light source’s driver. That said, well-designed SSL products
the LED module from AC mains, it can be argued that the LED lighting
will work with existing dimming control systems without adding
system will be more reliable offer greater design flexibility and lessen
unwanted flickering. Additionally, there are also many dimmers
failure rate.
designed specifically for LED products and are currently on the market.
Why? The necessary AC-to-DC converter circuit required of standard drivers not only increases costs but also shortens the lifespan of the
Flicker Can be an Issue
LED lights. In fact, according to a DOE/ Next Generation Lighting
On the subject of flicker, it’s one of the main drawbacks of AC LEDs, but
Industry Alliance report, “Solid-State Lighting Product Quality Initiative,”
it doesn’t have to be. Because such modules are directly driven by AC
drivers are responsible for a 52% failure rate of the luminaires tested.
line voltage, which oscillates at 60Hz (or 50Hz), the AC LED produces
What if the driver was eliminated? This is possible with AC-powered LEDs, as they can be connected directly to 120V or 230V line voltage without using any capacitors, coils or resistors, meaning fixture manufacturers don’t have to give up anything but cost and complexity. In fact, with the introduction of LED modules with a driver IC
flicker at twice the frequency of the AC line frequency (e.g., 120Hz in North America). Studies have linked flicker to health problems. So, even though flicker at these frequencies may not be visible to the naked eye, there is evidence that the human brain can detect flicker frequencies as high
integrated for current control that is designed to be used in any 24V
as 200Hz. Potential problems include headaches, eye strain, impaired
system—and AC LED modules that allow LEDs to be driven from direct
visual performance or, in extreme cases, epileptic seizure. Even the
120V AC—the system will greatly simplify the application programs,
perception of flicker, according to research, is undesirable in lighting
making the system reach 90% efficiency. How? The sinusoidal wave-
applications.
form circuit means that at each particular time half the LEDs are off
New ENERGY STAR requirements for lamps, due to go into effect
while the other half are on. This stage is reversed and repeated con-
Sept. 30, 2014, in fact, specify that the highest percent flicker and highest
tinually, producing a constant stream of light. In other words, power is
flicker index must be reported. Unfortunately the revision does not
transmitted and used much more efficiently, as putting LEDs directly
specify a maximum allowable limit for either.
on the end without having to include complex electronics to convert
That said, in a lighting system, a good solution can reduce flicker
AC back to DC, power is distributed efficiently and delivered more
without sacrificing power factor and efficiency. But what is a good
effectively without intervening electronics.
solution? One is to add components that will shorten the “off” time of the cycle. Another is to engineer a circuit board that uses a separate
Consider Dimming Challenges
AC power and control signal. Unfortunately, it’s difficult to define the
An important benefit of AC LEDs is the ability to dim. Such systems are
“safe” amount of flicker to the overall population because it’s perceived
compatible with phase-cut dimmers. However, LED systems sometimes
as a matter of human recognition.
have issues lowering light output without sacrificing color accuracy. For example, a dimming rate of 2% is ideal, however, it is not easily
Ready for Prime Time? Yes
achieved, as the resulting CCT often drops from 4000K to 2000K. A
There is no longer the need to sacrifice power factor, luminous
more realistic dimming rate is 5% to 10%. However, while dimming
efficiency, or light quality to gain the benefits of using AC LED lighting
performance varies significantly across many types of commercially
technology. These lights are a compelling platform for retrofit lamps,
available LED sources, less-than-ideal behavior shows up most fre-
architectural and landscape lighting and other general lighting
quently when integral LED replacement lamps are installed on circuits
applications. The bottom line is the ability to bypass costly AC-to-DC
controlled by phase-cut dimmers.
LED drivers, reduce systems size and cost—all while still providing the
It’s important to remember that dimming problems are not caused by any shortcomings of SSL technology. Rather, they’re due to the fact
highest light quality—is an attractive proposition worth investigating for luminaire manufacturers, lighting designers and specifiers.•
that almost all of the existing dimmers in this country were designed
www.architecturalssl.com
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Product Introductions
Put it on Display The Times Square Lighting TX20 spot luminaire is designed for use in museums and retail settings, where low-wattage, high-output illumination is required. Fixtures come with three field-changeable reflectors, and in any of four color temperatures, ranging from 2700K to 4000K. Specifiers can choose from three standard finishes, with custom colors also available. Visit www.tslight.com or Circle 301.
Lighting involves a blend of objective and subjective decision making. Retailers, for example, may consider atmosphere and presentation of product top priorities.
1 Ring Me Up The AFX ORA pendant fixtures feature a 12-in.diameter ring seemingly lined with light. Suspended from a junction box by a single cord, they can be displayed individually or grouped for visual impact while only drawing only 12W per luminaire. Visit www.afxinc.com or Circle 292.
IMAGINE WHAT YOU CAN DO WITH OVER 15,000 LUMENS 2 For Retail that Pops
Luxeon CoB modules from Philips Lumileds are designed to produce both the warm saturated colors expected with a CRI of 90, while still delivering the natural, crisp whiteness needed to highlight retail merchandise. Visit www.philipslumileds.com or Circle 293.
Introducing the ALL-NEW 100W ZC Series COB (Chip-On-Board) LED Arrays Unmatched Quality & Efficacy
3 Higher Power
Seoul Semiconductor's new ZC Series COB (Chip-On-Board) The LouisLED Poulsen Kipp family of outdoor lighting Arrays offer high lumen density and efficacy in a single, easy-to-use fixtures now features a post luminaire, a 104W LED component family consisting of seven different devices – fixture producing over 7,000 lumens at a color including two new additions of high-power 60W and temperature 100W COBs. of 4000K (a 3000K version also is The LED arrays range from 6 to 100 watts delivering available), system level for an efficacy of 69 lumens/watt. The fixtures vandal-resistant and easy to maintain, performance from 700 lumens to 15,000 lumens enabling a are wide uniform and broad light distribution. range of general lighting applications for both indoorproviding and outdoor Visit www.louispoulsen.com or Circle 294. use including downlights, highbays and outdoor arealighting.
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Product Introductions
Multiple Possibilities The MX family of recessed multiple and track luminaires from Intense Lighting incorporates up to four lamp heads into a single fixture. The line includes two track-light models and several recessed multiple options, all available in any of three beam options, in four color temperatures and offering a color rendering index up to 92. Visit www.intenselighting.com or Circle 302.
Commercial and institutional spaces generally include conference or executive areas where value is different than that applied to private spaces.
4 Up and Down Situation Available with down or up/down-combined light distribution, the 8-in. Integrated LED Cylinders from ConTech Lighting also can be specified for indoor or outdoor applications.Three color temperatures are available, along with four finish options. Visit www.contechlighting.com or Circle 296.
5 That’s a Wrap Utility Wrap luminaires from MaxLite are designed to replace wrap-around style fluorescent fixtures in apartment buildings, parking garages, stairwells and other utility applications. Visit www.maxlite.com or Circle 297.
6 Curvalicious With its graceful profile well-suited for upscale exterior area applications, the HessAmerica Parco luminaire is available in 10-, 12- and 14-ft. heights, and can be specified with either standard- or highoutput light engines and in in warm or neutralwhite color temperatures. luminaires meet Dark Sky requirements. Complementary bollard and wall-mount fixtures are available. Visit www.hessamerica.com or Circle 298.
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www.seoulsemicon.com ARCHITECTURAL SSL • 10.14 • 00
10/2/14 10:14 AM
Product Introductions
Hitting the Road Already available in ceiling and wall-mount versions from EYE Lighting, the Aphos family of luminaires now includes a roadway model, which also can be used in parking and area-lighting applications. The new addition is available with Type II, III and V optics. An optional programmable motion sensor works with a user-set foot-candle level that takes advantage of the fixtures’ dimming capabilities. Visit www.eyelighting.com or Circle 303.
For street lighting, utilities may consider the financial impact of reduced maintenance and enhanced reliability of SSL as a higher priority than energy savings.
1 Slim Solution Samsung M-Series LED modules are specially designed for use in flat lighting applications, such as troffers and linear luminaires. The series includes three models, all with the same dimensions, but with varying light output options. Visit www.samsung.com or Circle 304.
2 A Dim View The EcoSense EcoSpec Linear Dimming Control Modules are designed to convert 0-10V dimming signals and fixed line-voltage inputs to an ELV dimmed output—up to 1000W with a 277V load, and 450W on a 120V load. A single module can be used per run, up to the maximum wattage. Visit www.ecosense.com or Circle 305.
3 Room-Saver The S Series LED Retrofit kit from Terralux lies nearly flat against a wall—with less than 1-in. depth—to ease replacement of bulkier pin-based CFLs in sconce and other surface-mount applications. The kits directly connect to either 120V or 277V systems and are rated for 24×7 installations. Visit www.terraluxillumination.com or Circle 306.
44 • 10.14 • ARCHITECTURAL SSL
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GETTING TO
J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA Photo Credit: Stephen Whalen Photography
zero NATIONAL FORUM
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Fairmont Hotel • Washington D.C. Are you ready for the future of buildings? New Buildings Institute and the National Association of State Energy Officials are bringing together 350 policymakers, luminaries in the architecture, engineering and construction fields, vendors and students, all ready to create the change needed to make ZNE buildings mainstream. We’ll dig into critical design and technology applications, share perspectives on value, examine policy drivers, and learn how operations and occupants impact ZNE performance.
Learn. Share. Collaborate. Register today: www.gettingtozeroforum.org
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www.aal.net
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B-K LIGHTING
www.bklighting.com
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BODINE / PHILIPS
www.bodine.com
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INSIGHT LIGHTING
www.insightlighting.com
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INTENSE LIGHTING
www.intenselighting.com
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IOTA ENGINEERING
www.iotaengineering.com
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KIM LIGHTING / HUBBELL
www.kimlighting.com
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MARK ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING
www.marklighting.com
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NATIONAL BUILDINGS INSTITUTE
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NORA LIGHTING
www.noralighting.com
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OSRAM SYLVANIA
www.sylvania.com/led
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SEOUL SEMICONDUCTOR
www.seoulsemicon.com
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STERNBERG VINTAGE LIGHTING
www.sternberglighting.com
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TERRALUX
www.terralux.com
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THE CONTINUING ARCHITECT
www.thecontinuingarchitect.com
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VERBATIM LIGHTING
www.verbatimlighting.com
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VISIONAIRE LIGHTING
www.visionairelighting.com
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VISTA ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING
www.vistapro.com
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ZEGA LED
www.zegaled.com
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Les Bebes Cupcakery Taipei, Taiwan
NEXT ISSUE: Retail, appropriately enough, is the theme of the December issue as holiday shoppers perhaps make the retail year. Vilma Barr takes a look at how good illumination can help move merchandise and keep things fresh to get shoppers to return. Also reflecting on all things SSL in 2014, Kevin Willmorth pulls out his Carnac hat and examines what’s on the mind of the market in assessing where LED has been and where it’s going. Kevin also begins his product lifetime series to help readers better understand how products should be expected to perform. On the project front, besides a couple of great stores, we’ll also take a look at an unusual kindergarten. Circle 16
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10/1/14 7:33 PM
THE MOST INTERESTING AIA APPROVED COURSES ON THE WEB. THECONTINUINGARCHITECT.
Better Content Better Learning
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SSLObserved:
By Kevin Willmorth
The Transformation of Lighting From Organic to Viral humans converting raw materials to lighting
has now grown in the last nine years across its
hardware. I personally relate to these folks—
entire face. Lightfair 2005 had virtually no LED
being of third generation small-scale entrepreneur
products on display, save a few color changing
boot-strap stock. My first jobs were hard, sweaty
gadgets. 2014 was completely infected by the
work, from paper routes and small engine repair
solid-state bug. The transformation is amazing,
to roofing trailers, cutting scrap steel into bits,
even when viewed from inside. Conversely, the
and setting irrigation pipes in the sun. I then
electronics intruders are changing slowly into
found art, and my soul. It’s why I do what I do.
lighting people. That’s the problem with bugs,
The infusion of electronics-based solid-state
Lighting has always been a mix of the work of
everyone is eventually infected.
technology into lighting has brought with it
making something, and applying light in ways
In the early stages of the SSL revolution/
many new members into the community with
that make people see. That’s the art of lighting
evolution/intrusion, the PhDs and their armies
more master’s degrees and PhDs in this or that
to me. Not just seeing—as in adequate foot-
of marketers, engineers and accountants acted
than ever before. This is in stark contrast to
candles applied to a surface to support photopic/
like we organic lighting folk were banging stones
lighting’s origins. Consider the man who got it all
scotopic visual response appropriate for the
together to make a living. The arrogance was
rolling: Thomas Edison, a self-taught inventor
task requirement—but, “seeing” as in feeling the
palpable. That’s not as much the case today.
with no formal higher level education. Then
space; seeing the work at hand with comfort and
While some of the sillier ones still think they
there’s a group of outstanding manufacturers like
interest and not necessarily knowing why. That’s
hold the golden key to the universe, most are
Elliptipar, LAM, Lightolier, Boyd, Visa, Winona,
organic, and it’s very real, even today… although
beginning to make products we organic lighting
Kim, et. al.—three of which I worked for at some
perhaps a bit in the shadows at the moment.
people can put to use. Soon, they won’t be “they”
In SSL’s early days, the differences between those of an electronic disposition, and those of a more organic nature, were palable. Today, it’s a mellower, fruitful blend.
time—which were all founded by people without
The new form of lighting—the one founded by
massive degrees, staffs of engineers, angel
massive budgets, boards of directors, doctoral
investors or venture capitalists.
thesis, teams of engineers, and patent portfolios—
These individuals also became brand names
at all, as the transformation changes “them” to a part of “us.” Nine years of softer than promised-to-the-
is not organic. Instead it relies on pounding
board sales has taught many important lessons.
before making a single PowerPoint presentation
the market with press releases, blogs, and con-
Viruses are spreading, even to those of us of
at any conference—they did business the old
ference presentations. It’s about being viral and
organic roots. It feels like solid-state has become
fashioned way, organically, from the earth. In
feeding this beast a constant stream of elec-
lighting at last—with more white papers, press
other words, they found a place in the market,
tronic plasma. In other words, it’s about forcing
releases, and technical documents. While there
dug into the ground and planted their ideas;
technology to grow at all costs to build another
are many battles still to be fought, organic and
watered them with late nights and solid work
step toward some promised, board-supported
viral alike, there is a sense of fertility to this
of creating new value. Simple, straightforward
future where everyone cashes out rich. In the
market that has been absent far too long.•
hard work.
last several years, I have seen companies burn
Few of them bothered with patents; many existed before the Internet was even a government secret, at a time when machines on the manufacturing floor were operated by
48 • 10.14 • ARCHITECTURAL SSL
1410SSLOBS.indd 48
more money in a single month than many of the
ABOUT THE AUTHOR:
companies I’ve worked with have spent all year.
Kevin Willmorth, a lighting expert and fixture designer,
Once a small specimen in the opportunity-rich petri dish of the lighting universe, solid-state
has been instrumental in helping create a vision and mission statement for Architectural SSL.
www.architecturalssl.com
10/2/14 12:54 PM
P ART O F T HE S OLUTION
MASQUE LED
PILOT
DRIVE
MEDLEY VIEW
I n s i g ht L i g ht i n g c r e ate s f u n c t i o n a l, ae s t h et i c a n d e n er g y c o n s c i o u s l i g ht i n g p r o d u c t s. We r e m a i n c o m m i t te d to e n h a n c e t h e a p p e ar a n c e a n d p e r fo r m a n c e o f t h e c o m m er c i a l e nv ir o n m e nt . M A S Q U E L E D - A R C H IT ECT U R A L L ED FACA D E & FLO O D LI G H TI N G P I LO T - LOW PR O FI L E LI N E A R L ED LI G H TI N G FO R C OV E A N D AC C EN T LI G H TI N G D R I V E - H I G H PER FO R M A N C E L ED FACA D E & FLO O D LI G H TI N G M E D L E Y V I E W - E X T ER I O R LI N E A R LED LI G H TI N G FO R WA L LWAS H A PPLI CATI O N S •
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I NNOVATIVE A RCHITECTURAL L IGHTING S OLUTIONS
9/30/14 4:11 PM
Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina This is The Next Revolution in LED Outdoor Lighting. This is Kim Lighting.
www.kimlighting.com/products/altitude Circle 18
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