{}üüÍÛm-zôh-Ám-¢¼-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-zl-Vhüü
Glossary of Standardised Terms
Serial 17
Tibetan Terminology Project, Department of Education/CTA 2023
{}üüÍÛm-zôh-Ám-¢¼-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-zl-Vhüü
hïz-yïP-zTß-zhÝm-qü
Glossary of Standardised Terms
Chief editor: Urgyen Tenzin,
Assistant editors: Tenzin Rapgyal,Ngawang Tenzin, Tsering Dhondup
Database consultant: Pema Zomkyi
Software consultants: ven. Lobsang Monlam, Gedun Dhonyoe
zl-Vh-hïz-yïP-zTß-zhÝm-qü
q¼-GŸÛ-hP-qôü 2023
Copy right DoE/CTA
TTP Serial 17
First edition 2023
500 copies
Printing & distribution
Sherig Parkhang Trust
email : shepardelhi@gmail.com
www.tibterminology.net
TibTerm
Supported by: Danish International Development Assistance (DANIDA) through Community for International Cooperation in Education and Development (CICED), Denmark.
Ç+zÅ-zTß-GTÛG-qºÛ-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-¿Ëm-±ôGÅü
hïz-yïP-hP-qôºÛ-Vïh-zXôhü
Prof. Ramesh Chandra Tiwari, Prof.
Krishna Nath, Prof. Suniti Kumar Pathak, Shri Jeet Sen Negi
Periodic table of elements
Carbon dioxide, Zinc chloride, Calcium nitrate
Abbreviations
acc. Accountancy ¯ÛÅ-qºÛ-¾Å-¼ÛGÅü
adm. Administration
aeron. Aeronautical
agric. Agriculture
alg. Algebra ±z-¯ÛÅü
anat. Anatomy
anthrop. Anthropology
archaeol. Archaeology
archit. Architecture
arv Archives
astrol. Astrology Ç+¼-¯ÛÅü
astron. Astronomy
arith. Arithmetic ÍP-¯ÛÅü
aviat. Aviation
bacteriol. Bacteriology
biochem. Biochemistry
biol. Biology
bind. Book Binding
bot. Botany ¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qü
ca. cultural anthropology
chem. Chemistry
cine. Cinematography
com Commerce ±ôP-¼ÛG
comn. Communication zl-ºyÛmü
compt. sc. Computer Science
dent. Dentistry
eco. Ecology
econ. Economics
edu. Education
electr. Electrical
embryol. Embryology
engn. Engineering
etymol. Etymology
entomol. Entomology
environ. Environment
fa. Fine arts
gene. Genetics
geog. Geography
geol. Geology
geom. Geometry
gym. Gymnastics ¯¾-¢ôP-¼ÛG-GmÅü
his. Historical
hort. Horticulture
ins Insurance ºGm-zTô¾ü
jrn. Journalism Gż-ºGôh-¾Å-¼ÛGÅü
law. Law
lib. Library
ling. Linguistics Ç+h-¼ÛGÅ-¼ÛG-GmÅü
lit. Literature
math. Mathematics ¯ÛÅ-ˆÛ-¼ÛG-GmÅü
mech. Mechanic(al)
med. Medicine Ǩm-hP-Ǩm-zTôÅü
metall. Metallurgy
meteor. Meteorology
mil. Military
mine. Mineralogy Gbï¼-hPôÅ-¼ÛG-qü
mus. Music
myth. Mythology
naut. Nautical
nav. Naval neurosci. Neuroscience hzP-¯ºÛ-±m-¼ÛG
numis. Numismatics
opt. Optical ornith. Ornithology ºhz-VGÅ-hrh-¼ÛG
paint. Painting palaeon. Paleontology
parl. Parliamentary
path. Pathology
phil. Philosophy
phon. Phonetics
photo. Photography
phys. Physics
physiol. Physiology
poet. Poetics
pol. Politics
prn. Printing q¼-Cæmü
psy-anal. Psychoanalysis
psycho. Psychology
pub. Publications q¼-Cæm-¾Å-¼ÛGÅü
rhet. Rhetorics
rel. Religion
rockt. Rocketry
sculpt. Sculpture @ôÅ-h=ô¾-¼ÛG-qü
seism Seismology
soc. Sociology uÛ-±ôGÅ-¼ÛG-qü
sport. Sports ¯ïh-¼ÛGÅü
stat. Statistics
surg. Surgery GÁG-zTôÅü
tech. Technical
technol. Technology
telecom. Telecommunications MP-ºyÛm-¾Å-¼ÛGÅü
theatr. Theatrical
theol. Theology
trans. Transportation
trig. Trigonometry
typo. Typography
vet. Veterinary
Weapn. Weaponry
zool. Zoology
xx +*
ÍÛm-zôh-Ám-¢¼-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-zl-Vhü
GLOSSARY OF STANDARDISED TERM
(DEPT. OF EDUCATION)
able-bodied abolition
movement
anat
abuse of right
access code
adm,pol adm compt.sc
accessory
apartment
accommodation center
xx adm
accommodationist
accommodationist
accredited representative acetylcholine
acromion process
act of kindness action group
adm adm neurosci med adm adm
actioner
active list
active service
actual price
acumen addictionology additional remuneration
cine mil mil econ adm med adm
administrative area
adoption leave adrenal cortex advance
commitment
advice column advocacy group
adwoman adm adm med adm jrn adm jrn
med
aeroballistics
edu,adm
aerobiology
aeron,biol
aerobridge
aeron,adm
aerography
aeron
pol
state
agelast
agender
agrarian economy
air defense
aviat
air display
aviat
airdrop
aviat
airfare
aviat
airfreight
aviat
airman
aviat
airway
alarmism
all motor vehicles prohibited allowance method
almsgiving
aviat adm trans com soc
amateur
analyst
angelology
animal
welfarist
anti-ballistic missile
anti-fatigue
antihistorical
antimilitarism
antirevolutionary
anti-slavery xx mil,rockt med his mil his his
anxiety
anxiety disorder
appellate jurisdiction
appellate power
applied science
appropriation bill
arbitrary arrest psycho law law adm law law
audio frequency
axle load limit
back issue
soc,ca
back pass
back stage
back-and-
forth
back-bencher
trans edu sport theatr adm adm
back-bencher
backchannel
backchannel
bar counter
beatboxing
behaviorism
behaviorist
soft bonnet (codonopsis
bench
strength
benzene
mus pscho adm med adm chem
bibulous
adm
bicentenary
adm,his
bicycle kick
sport
big pharma
med
bilateral agreement
adm,pol
bilateral negotiation
billing machine
bioinformatics
adm,pol mech technol
biosafety
biol,technol
biosatellite
technol
birth tourism
Bishop’s weed
blood circulation
blood sample
blue blood
bootlick
med biol
med soc adm adm
bootlicker adm
borderland
bothersome bounce house
breach of law breach of privilege
buck wheat
(fagopyrum
buddy scheme
buddy system
budget
adjustment
budget proposal
budget
provision med adm adm
com,acc
com,acc
com,acc
business model
business
statistics
Callanetics
calligraphy campaign
carbonate
chem
carcinomatosis
cardinal number
cardinal point
med math adm
cardinal vowel
cardioaccelerator
edu
cardiopulmonary bypass
med med
cardiospasm/achalasia
cardiospasm/ achalasia
cardioversion care dependency grant care label
med med adm adm
career path
careerism
careetist
caretaking
allowance
carjacking
carotid body
carotid sinus
med med med carnage
carotid sinus syndrome
casteism
catchword catecholamine
cautionary sign
censor board
adm
adm
censure
motion
central excise duty
com,adm
central revenue
com,adm
central sales
tax
com,adm
adm
approval
conformance service
adm adm adm adm med
biol competency
cervical cancer cervicitis
chaprasi
chartered bus
chief accounting
chief administra-
chief analytics
chief commercial
child care institution
com,adm
child molestation
adm adm,law
child of deaf
adult
child prodigy
child sexual abuse
med adm adm,law
choke point
chorus girl
Christmas
Christmas tree
cisgender
rel rel soc adm chisel
city council
chloroform
class feeling
soc
adm rel civilian population class
adm,soc
adm,soc
class structure clearance cleric
adm,soc
clericalism
clericalist
rel rel
clickjacking
compt.sc
clickstream
comp.sc
climate
criminal
environ
climate denial
environ
co-curricular activities
co-curricular activities
code of practice
co-dependent
edu
codevelopment
soc,adm
co-driver
soc soc adm adm
cold blooded
murder
cold peace
adm pol
collective behaviour
soc
collective capitalism
soc,adm
collective punishment
combat zone
command language commercial
common law
husband
common law
wife
common market
commu-
nity health
worker community
medicine community
nurse community of color community of interest community policing community property
commutator
compact camera comparative literature
comparative politics
comparativism
compass sense compensating wage
electr technol lit pol adm math adm
compensation order
compensation order
compensation package
compensa-
policy compensatory time
competent court
adm adm adm adm law
complementary agreement
complementary goods
complete
blood count
completion
bonding
compliance
department
compliance
legislation
adm adm med adm adm law
law
edu
archit
agric,hort compliance reporting complimentary close composite construction
compositor compost
edu
heap composter comprehensive school
compressed air
edu
compression chamber
phys
compression ratio
phys phys
phys trans adm adm adm trans compression wave compulsory ahead or turn right compulsory attendance compulsory keep left compulsory labour compulsory sound horn
55 compulsory sound horn
computer conferencing computer dating
compt.sc
computeraided design
compt.sc
compt.sc
computeraided engineering comrade-inarms conceal evidence concealer
compt.sc xx law adm
concept product concept statement
com adm
adm
adm xx concentration account concentration service
conceptual art
conceptualism
concert hall
concertgoer concierge
xx mus mus adm
adm edu adm adm bind conciliatory approach concinnity
concluding remarks concomittance concordance
concurrent resolution adm adm adm adm adm electr concurrent resolution condensed milk condition precedent condition subsequent conditions of contract conduit
interval
contract -
ity agreement
adm adm adm adm
congestive heart failure
congregationalism
consolidated invoice consortium agreement
constitutional crisis
constitutional debate
content writer contingency grant continuous service contract document contract of guarantee
adm controlled commodities controversial matter conventional weapons conveyance allowance conveyance deed conveyancer cooperative society
co-owner
co-pilot
co-president
adm
core memory
comp.sc
co-researcher
edu anat
coronary ligament
cruise missile
cryobiology
cryogen
cryogenics
cryometer
cryosphere
cryostat
cryostat
cryptanalysis
cryptorchid
cubeb/tailed
pepper(piper
cuisine
cultural agreement
cultural
cultural evolution
cultural exchange
cultural heritage
cultural integration
cultural materialism
cultural relativism
cupping glass
cutlery set
cyber scam
compt.sc
compt.sc
cybersmart
compt.sc
cycle prohibited
trans
cypher
ling,lang
dangerous
dip
trans
data analyst
data bank
compt.sc
data warehouse
database management system
compt.sc
compt.sc
datasheet
compt.sc
date of birth
law
datebook
blindness
shift
trip daylight lamp
decision
deglobalization
deglobalization
déjà vu
delivery time
deluxe bus
demisexual
dental laboratory technology
department of labour
deposit can depreciation allowance
dessert wine
diagram
digital actor
compt.sc
digital
digital mapping
digital platform
diving
platform doctor
shopping
telecom technol
telecom sport med digital addiction
compt.sc
dolomite
doomsayer
drag king
drilling machine
drink and drive
drone strike
dual citizen
dual currency
dumbbell
eating place
ecohazard
ecoliteracy
educational tour
egghead
elective
elective
elective
mutism electric
electronic information systems electronic publishing emergency cord emotional quotient employability employee association
aeron
employee employee satisfaction empowerment endnote endocrine system
adm adm xx xx anat
engagement ring
enology
enticement
entrust
environmen-
environmen-
tal footprint
environmen-
tal pollution
environmental sanitation
environ
e-parliament
parl,technol
epistaxis
med
equestrian
erotica
escalation
estrus
ethnocracy
exer-
cise ball exercise bike
exorbitant
expert system
external
audit
extranet
eyeliner
facelift
facial recognition
software
fact
mission
factoid
First World tracker
econ med med
fork formal assessment
formal presentation
founder member
frame of mind
free trial
game
gate-crasher gay marriage
gender accommodating
gender accommodating soc phys soc soc soc
gender action plan
gender analysis
gender balance
gender bender
gender
budgeting
gender disparity
soc
gender
expression
soc
gender inequality
soc
gender
mainstreaming
soc,ca
soc,ca
gender needs
gender pay gap
gender planning
gender relation
gender sensitivity
gender socialization
gender stereotype
gender training
gender violence
soc soc soc soc
gender wage gap
gender wage gap
gender based constraint
gender based violence
genderexpansive
soc soc soc soc soc
generalissimo
generic brand
generic drug
generic name
generic pharmaceuticals
generic product
geostrategy
ghost town
GI tag (Geographical
Indication
gladiator
Glisson’s
capsule anat global economy
global fund
global trade
global village
gluteal crease/gluteal fold goal area
goal line
goal-line technology
golf cart
gossip column
grand jury
grandfamily
groin
groin/inguinal hernia
hedonics
hegemonic
masculinity
heiress
hellscape
help screens
adm
he-man henpecked
heritage language
hermaphrodite hessian
heteronormative
heteropatriarchy heterosexism
soc soc
heterosexual
heyday
soc soc
high functioning
himalayan pear,wild pear(pyrus
Himalayan
Tibetia (gueldenstaedtia
historical record hit and run
home brew
homologous pair
human genome
human genome project human nature
human resources information systems
humane society hump or rough road
ice hockey
sport
immunologist
independent audit
independent auditor
Indian lycium, Indian barberry (ber-
125 Indian barberry (berberis lycium)
Indian mustard /chinese mustard (brassica IndoEuropean
info pollution
jrn,adm
informal assessment
informal presentation
edu
information
pollution
edu
informatory sign
jrn
infrared light
phys
interference pattern
interferometer
internal combustion engine xx mech mech
internal force
internal force
International Court of Justice
international criminal court
phys law law
interphase
interstellar space
interties
intrusion detection
intuition
investigation investigative journalist
jaw dislocation
job acceptance
job agency
job bank
join forces
journalese
juicer
keg party
keg party
layout design
left hair pin bend left hand curve left reverse bend left turn prohibited
legal estate
length limit lentil(lens
letter-size
leukocyte
level crossing
LGBT parenting
liberal democracy
lidar (light detection and
life scientist
trans soc soc phys sci
life-changing
lifelong learning light refreshment
limbic lobes
line manager
linear motion adm adm trans neurosci adm phys
linkage map
linkage map
lingzhi mushroom (ganoderma
love language
love seat
lovemaking
magistrates’
court magnesium
magnetic media
magnum
opus
main
sequence
major road ahead
manliness
man-made
disaster mapping
maritime
masculine
masculinist
masculinity
masher
masochism
mass murder
mass number
matinee
matrilineage
matrilineal
mausoleum
maximum temperature
mayday measuring cup
mechanical equilibrium
mechanoreceptor
mental disease
mental process
mental state
mental stress
mercenary
merit-based
addmission
psycho psycho psycho psycho mil adm
mermaid
merriment
microbrew-
mock meat
molar
molecular evolution
mononym
moonquake
motherlode
motor generator
motorist
motovlog
motovlogger
motovlogging
multi disciplinary
multifaceted
multilevel
marketing
multimeter
multitask
multitasking
multivitamin
national guard
negotiator
neighbourhood
neologism
Nepal saw-wort (saussurea
med,hort
nepo kid
nepotism baby nervous tissue
netbook
neural fold
neural plate
neurosci
neurochemistry
newlywed
newshound
newsmonger
newsreel
newswire
newswriting
night owl neurosci
no entry
no parking
no stopping or standing
no through road
no way both direction noble gas
nociceptor
non-resident nuclear membrane
nuclear power
numerical analysis
phys,weapn
nux vomica/poison
math
med,hort
nut(strychnos
nyctophobia
oat (A vena
occipital lobe
oeuvre xx med xx poet sport
olfaction
olfaction olfactory receptor
online publishing
open system
open-access
open-book examination
open-cry auction
open-handed
optic chiasm
optic tract
Optical Character Recognition
optical tele-
scope
oral cancer
oral contraceptive
oral contract
oral transmission
oratory
orbitofrontal
cortex
ordinal number
orienteering
outer space
ovum
package mortgage package mortgage
paedology
palaeontologist
palatability
paleethnology
paleoanthropology
paleobiogeography
palaeon
palaeon
palaeon
paleobotany
palaeon
paleoceanography
palaeon
paleoclimatology
palaeon
paleoecology
palaeon
paleoethnobotany
palaeon
paleogeography
173 paleogeography
palaeon
paleography
paleography
paleolith
paleopathology
paleozoology
panicmonger
paper and pencil
instrument
palaeon
palaeon
palaeon
paperback palaeon
paper-based
parent cell
parietal cell
parietal lobe
park both side parking brake parking light
patrilineage
peace camp
peace treaty
pedestrian crossing
pedestrian
subway pedometer
hormone
percussion
periaqueduc-
tal gray/central gray
periosteum
peritoneal cavity permanent health
permeability
permeable perpetual motion
perpetual motion machine person of colour personal ad
personal best personal database software
personal digital assistant
personal number
personalism
person-hour
person-toperson
phagocyte
phanerogam
pharmaceutical industry
pheromone
philology
phone booth
photocell photodetector
photojournalism photoreceptor phototransduction
phototrophs mech phys jrn
phys phys phys
phototropism
physical change
physical contact physical environment
physiol
physiol,eco
physical jerks
physiol,mech
pineal gland
plan sponsor
plane of incidence
planetology
planetwide plasma plasmolysis plastids xx physc astrol astrol med bot biol
pocketbook pocketknife
point
alphabet
point mass
point of contact
point of no return
polarity
motivated
ponytail
popular sovereignty pore
positive charge
positive eugenics
positive ion
postpartum period
193 postpartum period
posttrau-
matic stress disorder potentiation
poverty alleviation programmes
povertystricken power grid
powersharing
prayer wheel
precedence diagramming method
precession of the equinoxes
precipitate
premeditation
presidential system
press baron
jrn
press
secretary
pressure suit adm,pol jrn
jrn aeron
producer
product
progesterone
project coordinator
prokaryotes
proof
proper mass
protocol
protofascism
psychoanalyst
psychobabble
physc adm xx psycho psycho
psychosocial
Public
Provident Fund
public service broadcasting
public
speaker
public spending
public
telephone
public-
private
punchline pupa
purchase
price
pustule
control radio control radioactive radioactive decay radioactive tracer radioactive zone
receptor cells
receptor protein
rectus
femoris
card
regeneration
neurosci
remarriage
neurosci
remote wipe
renal capsule
renal medulla
renal tubule
resistance band respiration
response to stimulus
reversible change rhizome
right hair pin bend
right hair pin bend right hand curve right reverse bend
right turn prohibited rigid body road haulage
road widen ahead
roadhouse
robocall
rocking horse
roller coaster
root system
rope ladder trans technol sport sport
sarcopenia
sartorius
scavenger
scheduled
schizophrenia
school ahead
sclerenchyma
screen share
script consultant
scurvy trans bot comp.sc theatr med
secondary data
secretary general sedimentation seed formation
comp.sc
see-saw
adm geog bot sport
self-checkout
selfdependence
seminal vesicle
seperating funnel serotonin
sepal
shower cap
shower gel
sibling rivalry
side arm
side road left
side road
right
sieve plate
hort
sieve tube
hort
silver screen
cine
mil
med,hort
225 silver weed (potentilla anserine L)
Silver Star
silver weed (potentilla
single bond sit-down strike six-pack
skeletal chemical
equation
skeletal muscle
skeletal system
skyscape
sleep debt
social-
socioeconomic
solubility
sound energy
sound intensity
source of light
sovereign state
space shuttle
spatial memory
speech defect
speechlanguage pathologist
speechlanguage pathology
path path path
speed dating
speed limit
spermatorrhoea spherical mirror
sponge spore
stone
streetscape
student enrollment style subcommittee
subcutis
subgovernment
subgroup
subject matter
sublimation
submachine gun
superfood
superimpose
supershow
support force
swansong
symbiosis
synaptic
synaptic cleft
syntax
tacit knowledge
tag line neurosci neurosci ling edu xx
talent contest
talent contest
talentime
tank destroyer
taphonomy
taproom
tasting menu
teaching skills
team player
teensploitation
telesoftware
television station testosterone
thylakoid
thyroid gland
thyrotropic
hormone thyroxin
ticker tape
ticker-tape parade
ticker-tape parade
power
tidal power
tidal volume
tidal wave
time clock
timing
tion
tracheid
hort
econ
trade journal
econ,jrn
trade language
econ,lang
trade mission
econ,adm
trade reference
trade
traineeship
training
transport allowance
transport
tricolour
tricolour
trifurcation
tuberculosis
tunnel ahead
raspberry (ru-
two-factor authentication med trans med comn
two-seater
two-seater
typecast
uncharged body
undercover operation
undergarment
underwater camera
undesirable change
insurance
unguarded level
crossing union budget
Universal
Product Code
urination
valence electron
value for money valve
variable variation vascular bundle vegetarian restaurant vegetative reproduction ventromedial prefrontal cortex
venule
verbal warning
video technology
viewership
village villi neursci adm technol telecom xx anat
warhorse
warmhearted
warning letter
warpath
warrant
warrantor
water
Wernicke’s
area
wheelie bin
mech
wheelwoman whisper
challenge
white mustard (si-
med,bot
whiz kid white willow, huntingdon willow (salix
workers’ compensation
workplace harassment
wrap party
written communication
xanthophylls y-intersection
adm adm,soc cine telecom bot trans
y-intersection
yoga mat
youth academy
zonal marking zumba xx sport trans mus
PRINCIPLES FOR EVOLUTION OF TERMINOLOGY APPROVED BY THE COMMISSION FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TERMINOLOGY
MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
(Department of Education)
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
1. ‘International terms’ should be adopted in their current English forms, as far as possible, and transliterated in Hindi and other Indian Languages according to their genius. The following should be taken as examples of international terms:
a) Names of elements and compounds, e.g. Hydrogen, Carbondioxide etc.
b) Units of weights, measures and physical quantities e.g. dyne, calorie, ampere etc.
c) Terms based on proper names e.g. marxism (Karl Marx), braille (Braille), boycott (Capt. Boycott), guillotine (Dr. Guillotin), gerrymander (Mr. Gerry), ampere (Mr. Ampere), fahrenheit scale (Mr. Fahrenheit), etc.
d) Binomial nomenclature in such sciences as Botany, Zoology, Geology, etc.
e) Constants, e.g.; g etc.
f) Words like Radio, Petrol, Radar, Electron, Proton, Neutron, etc., which have gained practically world-wide usage
g) Numerals, symbols, signs and formulae used in mathematics and other sciences e.g., sin, cos, tan, log etc. (Letters used in mathematical operations should be in Roman or Greek alphabets)
2. The symbols will remain in international form written in Roman script, but abbreviations may be written in Nagari and standardised form, specially for common weights and measures, e.g. the symbol ‘cm’ for centimeter will be used as such in Hindi, but the abbreviation in Nagari may be ls-eh- This will apply to books for children and other popular works only, but in standard works of science and technology, the international symbols only, like cm., should be used.
4. Conceptual terms should generally be translated. Appendix
d, [k, x or v, c, l but only letters of Roman and Greek alphabets should be used in trignometrical relations e.g., sin A, cos B etc.
¸Þ¼-¢¼-hP-qôü Appendix I
5. In the selection of Hindi equivalents simplicity, precision of meaning and easy intelligibility should be born in mind. Obscurantism and purism may be avoided.
6. The aim should be to achieve maximum possible identity in all Indian languages by selecting terms: a) common to as many of the regional languages as possible, and b) based on Sanskrit roots.
7. Indigenous terms, which have come into vogue in our languages for certain technical words of common use, as rkj for telegraph/telegram, egk}hi for continent, Mkd for post etc., should be retained.
8. Such loan words from English, Portuguese, French etc., as have gained wide currency in Indian languages should be retained e.g., ticket, signal, pension, police, bureau, restaurant, deluxe etc.
9. Transliteration of International terms into Devanagari Script: The transliteration of English terms should not be made so complex as to necessitate the introduction of new signs and symbols in the present Devanagari characters. The Devanagari rendering of English terms should aim at maximum as prevalent amongst the educated circle in India.
10. Gender: The International terms adopted in Hindi should be used in the masculine gender, unless there are compelling reasons to the contrary.
11. Hybrid formation: Hybrid forms in technical terminologies e.g., xjafVr for ‘guaranteed’ Dykfldh for ‘classical’, dksM+dkj and natural linguistic phenomena and such forms may be adopted in practice keeping in view the requirements for technical terminology, viz., simplicity, utility and precision.
12. Sandhi and Samasa in technical terms: Complex forms of Sandhi may be avoided and in cases of compound words, hyphen may be placed in between the two terms, because this would enable the users to have an easier and quicker grasp of the word structure of new terms. As regards,vkfno`f} in Sanskrit-based words, it would be desirable to use vkfno`f} in prevalent Sanskrit tatsama words e.g., O;kogfjd, yk{kf.kd etc. but may be avoided in newly coined words.
13. Halanta: Newly adopted terms should be correctly rendered with the use of ‘hal’ wherever necessary.
14. Use of Pancham Varna: The use of vuqLokj may be preferred in place of iape o.kZ, but in words like ‘lens’, ‘patent’ etc., the transliteration should be ysUl] isVsUV and not ysal]isVsaV or isVs.V.
Appendix I ¸Þ¼-¢¼-hP-qôü
M-G¼-hzÞÅ-GŸÝP-GÛ-±m-¼ÛG-hP-ºyâ¾-¾Å-ˆÛ-zl-Vh-uÛ-Ez-DP-GÛ-
±m-¼ÛG-hP-ºyâ¾-¾Å-f-ljh-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-ˆÛ-¯-º²Ûm-DG
(zôh-zNå¼-¼GÅ-zÇkÝÅü)
hydrogen, carbon dioxide
dyne, calorie, ampere (km, kg) ÅôGÅü
marxism (Karl
Marx), braille (Braille), boycott (Capt. Boycott), guillotine (Dr. Gullotine), gerry-mander (Mr. Gerry), ampere (Mr. Ampere), fahrenheit scale (Mr. Fahrenheit), etc.
botany, zoology, geology.
g
radio, petrol, radar, electron, proton, neutron. sin, cos, tan, log Roman, Greek
cm
l eh
¸Þ¼-¢¼-hP-qôü Appendix I
cm
d, [k, x v, c, l
sin A, cos B
7ü
uÛ¼-zbP-z;ô¾-Ez-Vï-zºÛ-¼P-Ç+h-ˆÛ-zl-Vh-hqï¼-mü telegraph/telegram ¾- rkj
hP- continent ¾- egk}hi] post ¾- Mkd]
±ÛG-z;ô¾-Ez-Vï-z-hqï¼-mü ticket, signal, pension, police, bureau, restaurant, deluxe
xjafVr = guaranteed, Dykfldh = classical, dksM+dkj
MG-hGôÅü lens hP- patent ysal] isVsaV] isVs.V ysUl] isVsUV
GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR CREATING TECHNICAL TERMS
1. A term should have only one technical meaning, preferably precision of meaning.
2. A concept should have only one term to refer to it.
3. Related concepts should have related/similar terms
4. Similar concepts should have similar terms
5. A term should preferably have similar forms in related (major) languages especially Indian languages
7. Terms have greater derivational potentialities should be preferred
8. Terms should be simple and enphonious easy to understand and use.
9. A term should be transparent (self explanatory) to the extent possible
10. There should be consistency in terms of a given branch of knowledge
11. A term should be short ( precise) and incorporate the salient features of meaning; long compounds should be avoided
12. Colloquial and regional language sources may be explored and given due weight for coining terms
13. Classical sources may be exploited for coining terms
14. Existing words of the language must be tested the phonalogical and morphological structure of the language.
Antimony
Tellurium
Iodine
Xenon
Cesium
Barium
Lanthanum
Cerium
Praseodymium
Neodymium
Promethium
Samarium
Europium
Gadolinium
Terbium
Dysprosium
Holmium
Erbium
Thulium
Ytterbium
Lutetium
Hafnium
Tantalum
Tungsten
Rhenium
Osmium
Actinium
Thorium
Protactinium
Uranium
Neptunium
Plutonium
Americium
Curium
Berkelium
Californium
Einsteinium
Fermium
Mendelevium
Nobelium
Lawrencium
Rutherfordium
Dubnium
Seaborgium Bohrium
Meitnerium
Darmstadtium
Roentgenium
Ununbium
Ununtrium
Ununquadium
Ununpentium
Ununhexium