Tsunami and Urban Development •••••••
Topics 1. General Information on Tsunami 2. Tsunami Mitigation Measures 3. Example of Tsunami Disaster and Rehabilitation
Mechanism of Earthquake Earth is covered with more than 10 plates. Earthquakes occurs at the boundary of the plates.
Mechanism of Tsunami Generation of Tsunami
Crustal Movement of the Sea Floor
Fault
Plates and Trough in Japan
Earthquakes in Japan with a scale of M8 or more (1885 – 1995)
Historical•Major•Tsunami in Japan Year
Name of Earthquake
Max Wave Height (m) -
Dead and Missing
684
Nankai
Many
1896
Meiji Sanriku
38.2
22,000
1933
Sanriku
28.7
3,064
1944
Tonankai
9
1,223
1946
Nankai
6.5
1,432
1960
Chile
8.1
142
1964
Niigata
4.9
26
1983
Nihonkai Chubu
13
104
1993
Hokkaido Nansei-oki
31.7
230
••Tsumani Mitigation Measures (1) Construction of facilities (2) Tsunami Forecast and Communication (3) Public Relations
•••Mitigation of Tsunami Disasters • • • Construction of Coastal•Embankment •••••
Taro Town Taro Town Sanriku
Tokyo
Population 5,000 Area 100km2
Tsunami Disaster in Taro Town
Before Tsunami Attack
After Tsumani Attack ( March,1933)
• • Meiji Sanriku Tsumani in 1896
1,859 dead
• • Sanriku Tsunami in 1933 911 dead Rehabilitation measures :• • Community Relocation is not accepted. • • • Coastal Embankment, started in 1934 •
• • Land Readjustment implemented
• • • Construction of Coastal•Embankment •
Taro Town Embankment L: 2,433m H: 10m
embankment
• Construction of Tide Gate
Numazu city
Tokyo Numazu City
H : 6.8m above sea level W: 15m 2004 completed
Sea Wall Taro Town
Kamaishi City Sanriku
Population 44,670 Area
441km2
Kamaishi Ohunato City
Tokyo Ohunato
Population 45,160 Area
323km2
Sea Wall (Ohunato) L=740m Construction 1963 started 1967 completed
Tsunami Protection Sea Wall
••••
•••• ••••
•• ••
Sea Wall
kamaishi
under construction
Construction 1978 to 2006 L=2000m Depth=63m (Max)
• •Provision
of Refuge and Evacuation Routes
Sign of Evacuation Routes
•Provision of Tsunami•proof
Transportation infrastructures or Heliports
Urban Planning and Urban development •
Land Readjustment Project, etc.
• Relocation of houses from tsunami
• prone areas •
Prohibit the construction of houses in tsunami prone areas
• Land Reclamation
• Designation of Tsunami Evacuation Building
••Disaster
Mitigation Center
Disaster Mitigation Center (Remote Control of Watergate)
Tsunami Watching Camera
(2) Provisions for Tsunami Forecast and Information Transmission ••Improvement of Tsunami Forecast System ••••••(Observation,
Analysis, Communication, Facilities) ••Improvement of Tsunami Information •••••••••Transmission System including Communication •••Facilities
•3•Public Relations • Call
Attention to
the danger of Tsunami • among Citizens and Diffuse Evacuation Method
••Designation of Refuge and Evacuation Routes • ••••Provision of Guide Board
3. Example of Tsunami Disaster and Rehabilitation
Hokkaido Nankai-oki Tsunami Disaster Ju•• 12, 1993 Earthquake occurred at at 10:17 pm,
Tsunami Computer Simulation of Hokkaido Nanto-oki
Earthquake occurred very close to the island. Tsunami hit the Island only 2 or 3 minutes after the earthquake. The tsunami was higher than 10 m. There was no time for the residents to escape. The number of death and missing was 219 persons.
Aonae District
Tsunami destroyed whole village
Fire occurred after Tsunami attack
Community Improvement (landfill 3m) Road Improvement Tide Protection Wall Relocation of Residents
Tide Protection Wall
Community Improvement (landfill 3m) Road Improvement Tide Protection Wall Relocation of Residents
Rehabilitated community
Community Improvement (landfill 3m) Road Improvement Tide Protection Wall Relocation of Residents
Rehabilitated community
Community Improvement (landfill 3m) Road Improvement Tide Protection Wall Relocation of Residents
Relocation of 80 houses to newly developed area on a hill.
Community Improvement (landfill 3m) Road Improvement Tide Protection Wall Relocation of Residents
Construction of Memorial Park Area 4.5 ha. 80 houses are relocated. This area also received a damage from tsunami 10 years ago.
Memorial Park
Memorial Object Memorial Museum
Tide Gate
Land fill
Evacuation Road
Piloti
Artificial Ground at Aoine Fishing Port as Tsunami Evacuation spot Height is 6.6m
Recovery from the Tsunami Disaster July 12, 1993 Tsunami Disaster happened. Oct. 19, 1993 Okushiri Town proposed two reconstruction plans to the residents. The residents selected the reconstruction plan. Dec. 20, 1993 Okushiri Town Assembly approved the plan Mar. 17, 1998 Completion of Tsunami Recovery Work
Tsunami Disaster in Sanriku ••Meiji Sanriku Tsunami in 1896 ••Chile Tsunami in 1960
3,064 Dead and Missing 142 Dead and Missing
Sanriku
Ohunato 0
50km
Tsunami Flooded Area Escape spot
Tsunami Flooded Area
Akasaki
Escape spot
Akasaki
Tsunami•Disaster Rehabilitation Land Readjustment Project•• A=86.7 ha
Shimo Hunato
• Relocate houses to
Shimo Hunato
heigher land • Landfill low lying areas
Memorials
Thank you very much
hinoyuji@asianet.co.th