DOUBLEtruck Magazine Issue 11 October - December 2007

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ZREPORTAGE

P R E S E N T S

The True Peace

BP H OAC K S TO R Y : TO G R A P H E R N I C K U T Girl in the Picture

PHOTO MAGAZINE OF THE YEAR

PICTURES THAT NEED TO BE SEEN

world’s best news pictures

11 U.S. $15/U.K. £7/Euro €12

www.oc-redcross.org

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Feb. 10, 2008 - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil – Lightning strikes the Christ the Redeemer statue atop Corcovado Mountain during a violent thunderstorm. At 130 feet high, it’s the world’s tallest statue of Christ. Construction of Christ the Redeemer was completed on Oct. 12, 1931. On July 7, 2007, the statue was named one of the new seven wonders of the world. The statue inspires millions of visits from tourists and religious pilgrims each year.

Picture by Custodio Coimbra/GDA/ZUMA

Oh My God!

Welcome to DOUBLEtruck Magazine –

SPRING 2008-Issue ELEVEN This issue contains images taken between dec. 13, 2007, and Mar. 14, 2008 doubletruck: n. An ad or editorial project that covers two facing pages. The term originates from the days when heavy forms for newspaper pages, largely filled with lead type, were rolled around the composing room floor on heavy carts called trucks. Two pages for one project meant a doubletruck.

—- The Detroit Free Press

T

hough humans inhabit just a small portion of the earth’s surface, it seems at times that we are overcrowded, with people fighting over the same turf.

At times, it feels like the world is out of control.

As we go to print, China’s growing footprint in world news is gathering momentum around the upcoming Olympics, while at the same time putting a harsh spotlight on the world’s greatest polluter, its infrastructure and human-rights issues. Many seek freedom for Tibet, which is 25% of China. As the Tibet issue boils, the world watches.

Will they do something or just watch?

DOUBLEtruck shows you the struggle up close and personal.

The images on these pages hold no punches. We’re not trying to shock you, but shake you and open your eyes.

There are 60 two-page spreads in this issue, with over 26 countries and six continents represented.

This issue is our best issue yet. The major (and many not as talked about) historical events of the last 90 days are well-covered in this issue.

We lead off with an in-depth look at a century-old turf battle between the poorest of the poor, the Lakota Sioux tribe, and the U.S. government. Another special is Nick Ut’s Backstory about his iconic Vietnam War picture of Kim Phuc, the girl burned by napalm. She is all grown up now and making a difference. Nick’s image is one of the handful of true all-time visual icons, and at same time, it’s one the rare times an image changes the world. Kim has taken this tragedy and turned it into a powerful agent of peace , traveling the world to tell her story and impacting all she touches. Bravo, Kim and Nick! You are my heroes.

Thank you for your support.

Scott Mc Kiernan

DOUBLEtruck

PIC TURES THAT NEED TO BE SEEN

World’s best news pictures from Dec. 13, 2007, to Mar. 14, 2008

Volume V, Issue ELEVEN SPRING 2008

Scott Mc Kiernan, Publisher, Editor in Chief & Art Director Kelly Mc Kiernan, Managing Editor Scott Mc Kiernan, Picture Editor Ruaridh Stewart, Associate Picture Editor Gretchen Murray, Associate Art Director Amy Cherry, Assistant to the Publisher

CONTRIBUTING PHOTOJOURNALISTS Antonello Nusca • Barry Sweet • Bob Leverone • Carlos Ortega Custodio Coimbra • David de La Paz • Eddie Mulholland • Eric Engman Evens Lee • Fady Adwan • Fang Xinwu • Francis Demange Grant Triplow • Hans Gutknecht • Ivan Franco • Jean Marmeisse Jefri Aries • Jiang Chun • Jim Baird • Jim Gehrz John Stillwell • José Jácome • K.C. Alfred • Konstantin Zavrazhin Leonard Ortiz • Liang Zhen • Luiz Vasconcelos • Manuel Lérida Marianna Day Massey • Mario Guzmán • Matthew Williams Michael Owen Baker • Nancee E. Lewis • Nassar Wissam • Nick Cobbing Nick Ut • Nikos Pilos • Olivier Chouchana • Ron Pozzer Sajjad Ali Qureshi • Salinger • Scott Mc Kiernan • Stephen Digges Syamsul Bahri Muhammad • Tan Chao • Tian Li • Tom Dulat • Xiang Long

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DOUBLEtruck Magazine (ISBN# 1932-0906) is a quarterly publication published in January, April, August and October.

The contents of DOUBLEtruck Magazine are copyrighted.

They may not be reproduced or transmitted, either in whole or in part, in any matter, including photocopy, recording or any information-storage or retrieval system known or to be invented, without written permission from the publisher.

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Anatomy in Grey Picture by Michael Owen Baker/Los Angeles Daily News/ZUMA Jan. 27, 2008 - Hollywood, California, U.S. - Actress Ellen Pompeo makes a grand entrance at the Screen Actors Guild Awards.

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MAGAZINE SPRING 2008

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REPORTAGE

P R E S E N T S

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TRUE PEACE

Pictures by Scott Mc Kiernan/zReportage.com Text by Cameron Stewart and Scott Mc Kiernan

Pine Ridge Reservation

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ec. 20, 2007 - Washington, DC - Lakota Sioux Indian representatives declared sovereign nation status following withdrawal from all previously signed treaties with the U.S.. The withdrawal immediately and irrevocably ends all agreements between the Lakota Sioux Nation of Indians and the U.S. government outlined in the 1851 and 1868 Treaties at Fort Laramie Wyoming. Indian activist Russell Means declared, “This is an historic day for our Lakota people. United States colonial rule is at its end!” This is the birth of the Republic of Lakotah.

How did it get to this point? On Aug. 15, Docket 74 was filed to address the Lakota lands designated as the Unceded Indian country that was lost under the 1868 Treaty and under the 1887 Black Hills Act. Then in 1973, AIM (the American Indian Movement), including Russell Means, seized the church at Wounded Knee in the middle of the Lakota lands at Pine Ridge Reservation to begin a 67-day stand that highlights local and national Indian treaty grievances against the U.S. Shortly afterward in 1974, the Lakota renewed the Black Hills Claim before the Indian Claims Commission and won a preliminary decision of entitling the Lakota with $17.5 million for the taking of the Black Hills and an additional 5% interest because the U.S. violated the 5th amendment rights of the Lakota. As a follow-up in 1982, the U.S. government through Docket 74A offered over $39 million to the Lakota Sioux.

The interest grows daily as the Sioux nation has refused to touch the huge compensation payout for their sacred Black Hills, taken from them by the U.S. government in the last century. With poverty, disease, infant mortality and alcoholism rampant, how long can Sitting Bull’s descendants hold out? Now they have declared independence. Will that solve their issues or make them worse?

Today, in the heart of the Black Hills, Saloon No. 10, Kevin Costner’s favorite bar in South Dakota’s Deadwood, four men in cowboy hats, blue jeans and boots are playing cards. Outside, snow is falling in the main street, but inside, tourists are crowding the bar. Saloon No. 10 is humming.

The party goes on, oblivious to the black-andwhite photograph which hangs on the back wall, near the chair on which Wild Bill Hickock

was shot while playing poker. The picture is of dead Sioux Indians, mostly women and children, their bodies frozen in grotesque shapes by the snow. Standing over the bodies are the cavalrymen who killed more than 200 of the defenseless Sioux as they huddled near a creek called Wounded Knee on Dec. 29, 1890.

Costner’s 1990 movie Dances With Wolves, about a U.S. cavalry officer who is befriended by the Sioux, sparked a tourist boom for this region of the Black Hills of South Dakota where it was filmed. At one point, it seemed like a happy ending for the Sioux. After all, Dances With Wolves painted an intelligent and sympathetic portrait of the Sioux, completing Hollywood’s recent transformation of the portrayal of the Native American from grunting savage to noble warrior. The movie had raised hopes that Washington would pay more attention to Native American issues. “When Dances With Wolves came out, the (Indian Affairs Committee in Congress) became the most popular committee,” Senator John McCain told the Washington Post. “We went from nobody wanting to be on the committee to everybody wanting to be on the committee.” But for the Sioux, and for the 2 million other Native Americans in more than 500 tribes around the U.S., the hope proved as illusory as Hollywood. In Washington, the passage of time has once again caused Indian Affairs to fall off the political map. “These days,” said McCain, “we get a very poor turnout (in the committee).”

Native Americans earn barely half the wage of the average American with almost one-third of them living below the poverty line. They are twice as likely to die of diabetes and three times more likely to die from alcoholism.

“Any objective observer would say that our treatment of Native Americans is a national disgrace,” said McCain.

The Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota, where most of the Sioux extras who appeared in Costner’s movie live, is as poor and as desperate as America gets. It is only two hours’ drive from booming Deadwood, but no tourists come here. There is no public transport, no industry and no street names on this sprawling reservation, the eighth largest one and the size of the state of Delaware and Rhode Island combined. It’s home to America’s 21,000 Sioux, the descendants of the great Sioux warriors, Chief Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse.

One-third of homes here have no plumbing

and no electricity, the infant mortality rate is three times the national average and unemployment is a crippling 80%.

Each winter, people die from the cold inside their makeshift mobile homes, which are scattered across this bleak prairie. The rusted bodies of old cars litter the reservation, where chronic alcoholism has lifted the fatal car accident rate to four times the national average. Many of these cars have never been moved from where they ran off the potholed roads. Plastic flowers mark the spots where their occupants died.

The first sign you see when you walk into Pine Ridge Hospital is for “Burial Insurance.” The funeral home sits meters from the hospital. There are virtually no shops.

The only fast-food shop in Pine Ridge, called Taco John’s, is blackened and boarded up with a sign reading, “We are burnt out.”

Groups of Sioux men stand on street corners, drinking the hours away. Crime is high, suicide is common, and life expectancy for men is 56 and for women is 66, easily the lowest in America. “We cannot live a good life here,” says Leonard Little Finger. “For us, there is no escape from poverty, and our language—Lakota—is dying.”

Little Finger, 58, knows the dangers of living and dying early on Pine Ridge better than most. His four brothers and sisters died of illness or accident in early childhood, leaving him one of America’s last direct descendants of Chief Big Foot, whose death at nearby Wounded Knee marked the end of the Sioux nation and the white man’s final conquest of the frontier.

Today, Little Finger, a former hospital administrator and now a teacher, lives in one of a line of rusting mobile homes on Pine Ridge. Little Finger, a quietly spoken man with a graying ponytail, is sitting on the couch in the cluttered lounge room wearing a blue-striped shirt, jeans and brown boots.

“I live on a land that has been part of us for thousands of years,” says Little Finger, “but our people are poor and have many problems. We are struggling to maintain our heritage and understand who we are. We (tribal elders) are trying to tell our people, especially young ones, that you have to know your past—spiritually and culturally—in order to meet the challenges of the future. We must reconnect our people spiritually.”

The Sioux are a proud people whose way of life has been systematically crushed ever

since their triumph against General Custer at the Battle of Little Big Horn in 1876. Little Finger, who teaches the local Sioux language, Lakota, is collecting oral histories of his people and has established a Lakota Sioux cultural research center on Pine Ridge with support from German rock star Peter Maffay. The spiritual regeneration is, in part, a way to provide solace to a desperate people isolated and struggling to assimilate into mainstream American society. There are signs that many Sioux are taking up the traditional Native American religions which they say allowed their ancestors to be at one with the sun and the stars. The Sun Dance, an ancient religious ritual of fasting and dancing has become popular again after being banned for decades by Christian missionaries. “It is the most intense prayer mankind can have,” Little Finger says.

The Sioux of the new millennium also display pride about their ancestors’ courage. Many cars on the reservation carry stickers such as “Lakota Valor & Courage—Little Big Horn.”

T-shirts commemorating Sitting Bull’s victory over Custer can be bought at Pine Ridge’s tribal offices. The Sioux are also reaching out to other indigenous people to discuss their shared experiences and to explore ways to tackle common problems.

Up until the ’70s, thousands of Native American parents suffered the agony of their children being removed by force and places in nonNative American homes or in institutions.

Prior to 1978, the U.S. Congress estimates that up to 35% of all Native American children were taken by adoption agencies, which believed children would have better opportunities if they were raised by whites. The local name for them is Lost Bird. The grave of the original Lost Bird lies on a snow-covered hilltop overlooking Wounded Knee. Lost Bird was a Sioux baby who was found alive under her dead mother four days after the Wounded Knee massacre in 1890. She was adopted by a white army general, Leonard Colby, who described her as a “living curio of the massacre.”

Lost Bird lived a tragic life, being sexually abused by Colby before becoming a vaudeville act on the Barbary Coast, eventually dying at 29 of syphilis given to her by another white man. She has become a symbol for the Sioux of the pain of interracial adoption.

This issue is foreshadowed by a larger issue, the survival and future of the tribe. The issue directly pits the tribe’s heritage and principles and the blood-sacrifice of their forebears against the needs of a new generation of

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DTzine.com 17 Native American children growing up in poverty. And it involves the ownership of the Black Hills; the same issue over which Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse battled the U.S. cavalry more than a century ago. In 1980, the Sioux went to the U.S. Supreme Court to demand return of the Black Hills from the U.S. on the grounds that the U.S. had breached the 1868 Fort Laramie Treaty, which gave them the Black Hills. The Supreme Court hearing was the culmination of a decades-long struggle by the Sioux to win a ruling on the matter in U.S. courts. It ruled that the government.’s breach of treaty was a “ripe and rank cause of dishonorable dealing” and awarded the Sioux $122 million in compensation.

But the Sioux didn’t want money, they wanted their spiritual home. So, in an amazing stand of principle from America’s poorest people, they refused to touch the money which sits in a bank and, after 28 years of accumulated interest, now exceeds $600 million. However, for the first time, a new generation of Sioux on Pine Ridge is questioning the decision not to take the money.

“When you have 21,000 people and you have to feed them, do you stand on principle?” asks Wendell Yellow Bull. “No, you can’t. They are cutting back on (welfare) programs. Most people here still don’t want to take the money, but the reality is that they may have to within the next five to six years. I have five children, and they are going to have a harsh life here unless things change.” Yellow Bull, a large man with coal-dark eyes and pockmarked skin, is a policeman in Pine Ridge, a job which gives him a front-row view of the social problems which afflict his people. “Alcoholism, domestic violence, assault, children being left alone and car accidents,” he says when asked what his job entails. He pauses briefly. “Also suicide and drugs.” His mother, Millie Horn Cloud, butts in. “Just lately, my best friend’s son hung himself from his house. He was drunk, we don’t know why. Maybe drugs.”

Yellow Bull, the great, great, great grandson of the famous Sioux chief Red Cloud, lost his own father, who shot himself playing Russian roulette while drunk. A white cross on top of a hill behind Millie’s house marks his grave and

DTzine.com 19 that of her other son, who died in 1996 of a heart ailment at 29. “We are trying to go back to their old way of life, our culture and values, but it is very hard to break what has been done our people.”

But the calls of Yellow Bull and others to use the money from the Black Hills Supreme Court decision to wipe out poverty on Pine Ridge are bitterly opposed by the older Sioux who see it as betrayal of everything their tribe stands for. “No amount of money can ever be accepted for the Black Hills,” says tribal president John Yellow-Bird Steele. “Our ancestors not only shed their blood but that of their families and their children for the Black Hills.

My ancestors made a decision to starve rather than sell the Black Hills. We would rather live in poverty than sell them.” Little Finger is even more blunt. “To accept the money would be the culmination of the process to destroy us as a people. It is that significant.”

The Black Hills are a tree-covered mountain range in western South Dakota. To the Sioux, it is their spiritual home, and their efforts to keep the white man out led to the destruction of the Sioux nation.

In the acclaimed book Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee, Dee Brown wrote: “Paha Sapa, the Black Hills, was the center of the world, the place of God and holy mountains, where warriors went to speak with the Great Spirits and await visions... Chief Sitting Bull said, ‘We want no white men here. The Black Hills belong to me.

If the white men here. The Black Hills belong to me. If the whites try to take them, I will fight.’”

In 1868, it seemed as if the Sioux might indeed keep their sacred hills from white settlers heading west in droves. Warriors led by Crazy Horse had employed guerrilla tactics to force the U.S. government to evacuate its forts in the region and give up the Bozeman trail which cut through Sioux country.

The government, wanting peace and believing that the Black Hills were largely worthless, signed the Fort Laramie Treaty with the Sioux in return for safe passage for wagon trains passing through. The treaty granted the Sioux the Black Hills as well as the region now called the Dakotas, Nebraska and parts of Montana and Wyoming “for the absolute and undisturbed use and occupation of the Indians.”

But barely six years later, gold was discovered in the Black Hills and prospectors poured in, establishing frontier towns like Deadwood.

In clear breach of the 1868 treaty, the U.S. government sent in the Seventh Cavalry under General George Armstrong Custer to protect prospectors. The expedition ended with the death of Custer and all of his 266 men at the Battle of Little Big Horn in 1876. It was a stunning victory for the Sioux but one which sealed their fate.

Washington deployed far larger expeditions over the next decade, beating the Sioux back.

Crazy Horse was murdered in 1877. Sitting Bull was killed in 1890 while resisting arrest.

Following Sitting Bull’s death, one of last Sioux chiefs, Big Foot, fled with 300 of his people, mainly women and children, to Pine Ridge.

There, at Wounded Knee creek, the U.S. Seventh Cavalry ran them to the ground, ordering the Sioux to give up their weapons.

They all did, except one. A shot rang out (It is still disputed who fired it), and within seconds the soldiers had opened fire. Within minutes, Big Foot and more than 200 of his people lay dead in the snow. Their graves lie in a windswept cemetery on a hilltop overlooking the desolate landscape of Wounded Knee.

Little Finger visits often. He lost 16 members of his family that day, including Big Foot.

Yellow Bull and Horn Cloud lost eight. Little Finger heard about Wounded Knee from his grandfather John Little Finger, then 16, who was wounded there. “I knew him until I was 15,” says Little Finger. “We rode horseback and fished together. He taught me a lot. He said that (Wounded Knee) was over and that we move on and not be bitter.”

Little Finger says he did not give the tragedy much thought until one day in the late ’70s when he saw the famous picture of Big Foot’s contorted body lying in the snow. “I was in Santa Fe and saw an exhibition of photographs of the massacre. I saw the picture of Big Foot, and I saw my grandfather’s face. I just broke down. All of a sudden it became personal.”

By the time Little Finger was born, the government had already sold off two-thirds of the reservations which were originally set aside for Native Americans. Over the years, Little Finger has watched Washington while it embraced and then abandoned a range of policies. Old buzzwords such as “termination,” “removal” and “relocation” have been replaced by a strategy which calls for greater “self-determination” for Native Americans.

To promote this, Congress gave permission to Native Americans to run casinos on their reservations. Revenue from Native American gambling has jumped from $121 million in 1988 to billions last year. But gambling, heralded as the “new buffalo,” has had an uneven impact on America’s tribes.

Some tribes have become wealthy, like the Mashantucket Pequots of Connecticut who own the lucrative Foxwoods Casino. This has created a backlash from Congress, which has been considering ways to place clearer limits on the sovereignty of Native Americans. But most tribes, especially those in remote locations like the Sioux, have barely benefited from gambling.

To make matters worse, the Clinton administration’s 1996 welfare-reform package sharply cut federal programs to all Native Americans.

There is no conceivable way for this generation of Sioux on Pine Ridge to escape their poverty except to take the growing daily $600+ million in compensation for the Black Hills. In the current political climate, the Sioux would almost certainly get nowhere by pressing Washington to reexamine the issue of who owns the Black Hills. In any case, the Hills have long been settled and developed by non-Native Americans, so any legal claim to their ownership could only be symbolic.

But feelings on the issue still run deep. Despite all that happened to the Sioux in the past 125 years, from the heady days of Sitting Bull to their current predicament, the tribe has never abandoned the philosophy of Crazy Horse, who said, “one does not sell the earth upon which the people walk.”

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But as new generation of Sioux grows up in poverty, this principle is being sorely tested.

Their desire to continue to honor their ancestors’ beliefs will require no less courage than Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse showed on the battlefield over a century ago.

For latest chapter of this ongoing saga, go to Russell Means’ Website on the Republic of Lakotah: RepublicofLakotah.com.

Deck the Halls

Picture by Jim Baird/San Diego Union-Tribune/ZUMA

Dec. 14, 2007 - San Diego, California, U.S. - The destroyer USS Higgins gets rigged with red and green lights for the holidays while at Naval Base San Diego.

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Goose Games

Picture by Jim Gehrz/Minneapolis Star Tribune/ZUMA

Dec. 14, 2007 - Hancock, Minnesota, U.S. - A pair of wild Canadian geese named Apollo (closest to window) and Kennedy fly alongside Mary Jo Brown as she drives her Lincoln Town Car down her half-mile-long grass airstrip at Brown’s Airport near Hancock.The geese have wintered with Mary Jo and her husband Marvin for several years.

The Browns use their car as a prompt to encourage Apollo and Kennedy to come play “goose games” and fly alongside their car.

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Brotherly Love

Picture by Color China Photos/ZUMA

Dec. 15, 2007 - Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, China - Two brothers Xianchen Meng (left) and Xianyou Meng pose in front of the symbol for hope. The brothers were trapped in a collapsed coal mine for more than 130 hours in the Fangshan District in Beijing. The tragedy started when the mine collapsed on Aug. 18, 2007. To survive, the brothers were forced to eat coal and drink urine. They became minor celebrities after they recounted how they clawed their way to the surface.

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Outback Outsiders

Picture by Marianna Day Massey/zReportage.com

Dec. 19, 2007 - Alice Springs, Australia - Australia’s 460,000 Aborigines make up about 2% of the country’s 20 million population. Aborigines are consistently the country’s most disadvantaged group. There are high rates of alcohol abuse, child abuse and domestic violence among the 3,000 Aborigines living in the 18 communities surrounding the town of Alice Springs. Aborigines continue to live in Third World conditions in a First World country despite a government drive to improve their lives. Every 38 hours, an Aborigine dies an alcohol-related death. In August, Alice Springs became a dry town in an effort to stunt the abuse of alcohol, but little has changed in the wake of the

DTzine.com 33 ban. The government has also started quarantining the welfare funds of the Aboriginal population, so that the money can be spent only on food and necessities. For now, what many call home is a littered patch of dirt on the outskirts of town, where feral dogs wander through thousands of empty beer cans. Hope for change seems as distant as a mirage. Newly elected Australian leader Kevin Rudd renewed a commitment to apologize to indigenous Aborigines for past indignities.

Sunburn

Picture by Liang Zhen/ChinaFotoPress/ZUMA

Dec. 21, 2007 - Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China - The staff of an aquatic processing factory in Renhe Town sun herrings on shelves.

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Balancing Act

Picture by Fang Xinwu/Color China Photos/ZUMA

Dec. 25, 2007 - Changchun, Jilin, China - A pupil of the Changchun acrobatic troupe practices her skills. These pupils practice and learn acrobatic skills from 6 a.m. to 9 p.m. every day with the hope of becoming formal performers with the troupe. Acrobatics, which date back more than 2,000 years, are one of China’s oldest art forms.

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Baskethead

Picture by Han Gutknecht/Los Angeles Daily News/ZUMA

Dec. 25, 2007 - Los Angeles, California, U.S. – The Phoenix Suns’ Grant Hill fouls the Los Angeles Lakers’ Kobe Bryant during the first half of action at the Staples Center.

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Lady Drivers

Picture by Tan Chao/Gamma/ZUMA

Dec. 27, 2007 - Beijing, China - Twenty-nine female students complete basic training at the Chinese Air Force’s Aviation University and begin flight training.

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Bloody Thursday

Picture by Saliad Ali Qureshi/Gamma/ZUMA

Dec. 27, 2007 - Rawalpindi, Pakistan - Injured supporters of Pakistan’s former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto wander about dazed after her assassination during an election rally. Bhutto died after she was shot in the neck and chest while getting into her vehicle. The gunman then blew himself up. At least 20 others were also killed in the blast that took place as Bhutto left the rally.

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Here She Comes...Miss Kosovo

Picture by Nikos Pilos/ZUMA

Dec. 28, 2007 - Pristina, Kosovo - Yllka Berisha, 18, wins the first Miss Kosovo title. The event caps a long year for the new republic Kosovo. In February 2007, United Nations envoy Martti Ahtisaari revealed a plan to put Kosovo on a path to independence, an outcome that was rejected by Serbia and welcomed by Kosovo Albanians. U.S. President George W. Bush has come out in favor of Kosovan independence, but Russia has threatened to veto any UN resolution that endorses the Ahtisaari plan. At the

DTzine.com 45 same time, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon warned the parties against any further delay in determining the future of Kosovo. He had wanted a UN Security Council vote back in June. In November, the ethnic Albanian, former guerrilla leader Hasim Thaci won the parliamentary elections in Kosovo. Thaci said he intends to declare independence in December once international mediation with the Serb minority ends.

Operation Smile

Picture by Olivier Chouchana/Gamma/ZUMA

Jan. 1, 2008 - Beijing, China - Chinese candidates to work as volunteers at the 2008 Summer Olympic Games in Beijing attend an etiquette training school. The teaching program includes skills training, such as setting a table, making cocktails and tea ceremony, and also standing, walking and greeting drills. The students are even taught how to provide the perfect smile by biting on a chopstick to get used to showing only eight teeth when smiling. Five ‘’Olympic classes’’ of 180 students between the ages of 16

DTzine.com 47 and 18, half of them girls, have been selected from more than 500 candidates. It’s estimated that about 100,000 volunteers would be required for the Games. The event will be seen more than 4 billion viewers around the world next August.

Eat Sand, Live Longer

Picture by Jiang Chun/ChinaFotoPress/ZUMA

Jan. 1, 2008 - Shangrao, China - Sixty-year-old Sheng Shoudong says that he cured his stomach ulcers and liposarcoma, a malignancy of fat cells, by eating four spoonfuls of sand a day for 18 years. Sheng began eating sand in 1988 after reading a newspaper article about a man who ate sand and recovered from cancer. Two years after Sheng began eating sand, tests confirmed that his tumors had shrunk.

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Mice and men

Picture by Nancee E. Lewis/San Diego Union-Tribune/ZUMA

Jan. 3, 2008 - San Diego, California, U.S. - San Diego County vector-control agents Brandon Stidum and Dana Guthridge check a trap for wild mice at Torrey Pines State Reserve. The agents are testing the mice for hantavirus. Mice trapped at the reserve last week tested positive for the deadly virus, so the agents targeted other areas to see if it was an isolated incident or something more widespread.

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Burn, Baby, Burn

Picture by Eric Engman/Fairbanks Daily News-Miner/ZUMA

Jan. 3, 2008 - Fox, Alaska, U.S. - Ace and Cat Callaway stand by helpless as their log cabin burns to the ground near Fairbanks. Fire trucks from the Steese Area Volunteer Fire Department arrived at the fire within minutes, followed by units from the Fort Wainwright Fire Department and the North Star Volunteer Fire Department. However, all three fire departments refused to put out the blaze when it was determined that the structure fell just outside the fire-service-area boundary. ‘’They could have saved

DTzine.com 53 the structure,’’ says Ace, adding that the fire was limited to smoke coming from the eves of an attached garage at the time that the trucks arrived. ‘’They got here in plenty of time to do something, but they just went on by.’’

Hillary’s Foot Soldiers

Picture by Matthew Williams/ZUMA

Jan. 5, 2008 - Manchester, New Hampshire, U.S. - One of Hillary Clinton’s supporters braves the cold to back his favorite candidate during the ABC News/ABC affiliate WMUR/Facebook Democratic presidential debate at St. Anselm College.

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Pay The Piper

Picture by Barry Sweet/ZUMA

Jan. 6, 2008 - Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S. - After Bill Gates’ last Consumer Electronics Show keynote speech, former Guns N’ Roses guitarist Slash wows the crowd by performing “Welcome to the Jungle” during a Guitar Hero III battle between Gates and Microsoft Entertainment and Devices President Robbie Bach. Gates and Bach were each allowed to bring in a ringer; Bach got a Guitar Hero champion who shredded the introduction to “Welcome to the Jungle,” while Gates brought in Slash to play the real thing on his Les Paul guitar.

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Chaos in Kenya

Picture by Stephen Digges/WIR/ZUMA

Jan. 9, 2008 - Nairobi, Kenya - Supporters of Kenyan opposition leader Raila Odinga’s Orange Democratic Movement (ODM) riot after President Mwai Kibaki was re-elected on Dec. 27. Odinga has accused President Mwai Kibaki of rigging the presidential election. On New Year’s Eve, violence rocked the nation’s capital, with demonstrators causing havoc countrywide. With casualties topping 400, the military has been set up around the city to deter ODM supporters.

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New Gang on the Block

Picture by Nasar Wissam/Gamma/ZUMA

Jan. 9, 2008 - Khan Younis, Gaza, Palestine - Masked gunmen from the Islamist group Jaish al-Umma (Army of the Nation) parade through town after threatening to kill U.S. President George W. Bush during his visit to Israel. Bush will not be visiting the Hamas-run Gaza Strip on this trip.

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Black Gold

Picture by Tian Li/Gamma/ZUMA

Jan. 14, 2008 - Liaoning, China - Workers produce charcoal near the famous Changbai Mountain in northwestern China, across the border from North Korea. Traditional charcoal production causes deforestation and environmental pollution from the release of tars and poisonous gases, but the fuel remains in high demand for winter heating. Coal is a double-edged sword for China, for the booming economy it’s “black gold,” yet it’s also a dark stain on the world’s fragile environment. Unless China finds

DTzine.com 63 a way to clean up its coal plants and the thousands of factories that burn coal, pollution will increase both at home and abroad. Over the next 25 years, the increase in greenhouse gases from China’s coal use will likely surpass that produced by all industrialized countries combined.

Horse Face

Picture by Francis Demange/Gamma/zReportage.com

Jan. 15, 2008 - Paris, France - A racehorse says hello from his stable. The Prix d’Amérique at the Vincennes hippodrome is the most prestigious event of the European harness racing year. The race began in 1920 and has a top prize of 2 million euros. The world-famous training center at the nearby Château de Grosbois is home to more than 1,500 horses, and with 40 km of bridle path, it’s the largest harness training center in the world. Annually, up to 6,000 horses practice on three special racetracks, and with only a few lucky “trotters” selected to go in search of gold at premier international events each year, the competition is fierce.

DTzine.com 65

Frozen Judgment

Picture by Jim Gehrz/Minneapolis Star Tribune/ZUMA

Jan. 19, 2008 - Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S. - Ice covers the face mask of referee Bill Breeden during the U.S. Pond Hockey Championships at Lake Nokomis.

DTzine.com 67

Mr. Clean

Picture by Syamsul Bahri Muhammad/ZUMA

Jan. 23, 2008 - Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia - A Hindu performs a ritual bath during the Thaipusam festival. Thaipusam is a Hindu festival celebrated by the Tamil community worldwide on the full moon in the Tamil month of Thai. Devotees get ready for the event by cleansing themselves through fasting and prayer.

DTzine.com 69

Tiger on the Green

Picture by K.C. Alfred/San Diego Union-Tribune/ZUMA

Jan. 24, 2008 - La Jolla, California, U.S. - Tiger Woods approaches the sixth hole of the South Course at the Torrey Pines Golf Course on day one of the Buick Invitational Golf Tournament.

DTzine.com 71

Red-Tag Tractor Sale

Picture by Mario Guzmรกn/EFE/ZUMA

Jan. 31, 2008 - Mexico City, Mexico - Mexican farmers set a tractor on fire to protest the importation of cheap corn from Canada and the U.S. The farmers complained that during the 14-year phase-out under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) they did not receive government incentives, technology or equipment to compete with the United States and Canada, two countries who set aside millions of dollars each year in aid for their agricultural communities.

DTzine.com 73

A Nation Mourns

Picture by Nikos Pilos/ZUMA

Jan. 31, 2008 - Athens, Greece - The body of Greece’s Orthodox Church leader, Archbishop Christodoulos, is carried in a coffin during his funeral at Athens’ First Cemetery.

Thousands of mourners flocked to the capital to pay their respects, and schools, courts and public services were closed to honor the outspoken church leader.

Christodoulos was even honored with a 21-gun salute, a gesture that reflects the power of the church that represents the majority of Greece’s native population.

DTzine.com 75

Boulevard of Dreams

Picture by Hans Gutknecht/Los Angeles Daily News/ZUMA

Jan. 31, 2008 - Hollywood, California, U.S. - Joe McQueen gets some curious looks in his Hulk costume as he walks along Hollywood’s Walk of Fame. The Walk of Fame is a stretch of sidewalk located along Hollywood Boulevard and Vine Street. The sidewalk is embedded with over 2,000 five-pointed stars dedicated to both human celebrities and fictional characters honored by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce.

DTzine.com 77

Corn Man

Picture by El Universal/ZUMA

Feb. 2, 2008 - Mexico City, Mexico - Hundreds of thousands of farmers inundate central Mexico City to protest the entry of cheap imported corn from the United States and Canada. On Jan. 1, the final provisions of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) were implemented, resulting in the elimination of all agricultural tariffs between Mexico and the United States. The farmers say their livelihoods are in danger and want the government to renegotiate the 1994 free trade agreement.

DTzine.com 79

Snow Dance

Picture by Xiang Long/Color China Photos/ZUMA

Feb. 2, 2008 - Guangzhou, Guangdong, China - Paramilitary soldiers stand guard as stranded passengers rush to get inside the Guangzhou Railway Station. Over 200,000 passengers were stranded in Guangzhou after heavy snow in provinces to the north created havoc with transport networks.

DTzine.com 81

Trashed

Picture by Ben Rusnak/Food for the Poor/zReportage.com

Feb. 6, 2008 - Quezaltenango, Guatemala - A young girl cries after another child stole a toy she found in the garbage dump outside Quezaltenango. Desperate people travel every day for hours on foot to scrounge through the garbage to find scrap metal or bottles they can sell to recyclers or garments and toys they can repair and sell in a market. Often they eat what they find in the trash, carrying it home to share with their hungry families. In the developing world, this is an all-too-common way for the poor to survive.

DTzine.com 83

The Longest Dance

Picture by Ivan Franco/EFE/ZUMA

Feb. 9, 2008 - Montevideo, Uruguay - Members of one comparsa (group) perform candombé in las Llamadas, Montevideo’s traditional Mardi Gras carnival and parade.

Candombé is a traditional Afro-Uruguayan music form based on Bantu African drumming.

DTzine.com 85

True Love

Picture by K.C. Alfred/San Diego Union-Tribune/ZUMA

Feb. 14, 2008 - San Diego, California, U.S. - Katie and Lenny Gotfield of Chula Vista, who have been together for 60 years, share a room at Sharp Memorial Hospital on Valentine’s Day.

DTzine.com 87

Rumble in The Balkans

Picture by Salinger/ZUMA

Feb. 21, 2008 - Belgrade, Serbia - Serbs protest Kosovo’s independence under a “Kosovo is Serbia” slogan.

DTzine.com 89

Harry of Afghanistan

Picture by John Stillwell/Royal Pool/ZUMA

Feb. 21, 2008 - Garmisir, Helmand, Afghanistan - Prince Harry, 23, and his Fijian tank driver Max try to push start an abandoned motorcycle in the desert. On Feb. 29, 2008, Prince Harry will be flown back to the U.K., after serving 10 weeks of a 14-week tour of duty in the Helmand Province as a member of the Household Cavalry. The move was brought about by concerns for his safety following the collapse of a news blackout deal struck between the Ministry of Defense and the news media over his tour of duty. An Australian publication broke the deal in January, followed by the U.S. Website the Drudge Report.

DTzine.com 91

A Bridge for Sale

Picture by Eddie Mulholland/Telegraph UK/ZUMA

Feb. 22, 2008 - London, England, U.K. - Claude Monet’s ‘’Le Pont du chemin de fer à Argenteuil’’ is expected to break the current record for a Monet sold at auction, which stands at £19.8 million. It is to go under the hammer at Christie’s in New York on May 6.

DTzine.com 93

The Last Virgin, Kanun-Style

Picture by Antonello Nusca/Gamma/ZUMA

Feb. 23, 2008 - Zogaj,Albania - Fatime Nimo Xhediaj (right) is one of the last Albanian sworn virgins.According to the Kanun—unwritten customary laws practiced by tribes in northern Albania—a woman is ethically permitted to become a man if she chooses not to marry her prearranged husband. In return, the woman must remain celibate for the rest of her life and dress and act as a man. There is one other condition under which a woman may become a sworn virgin. In Albania, only men may be heads of the household and inherit family wealth. The family’s home and land are in danger of being taken by the family of a daughter’s husband or some other non-blood relative if there are no sons. Occasionally, a family designates a daughter to become a sworn virgin to prevent this from happening.

DTzine.com 95

Now What, Bro?

Picture by Manuel LĂŠrida/EFE/ZUMA

Feb. 24, 2008 - Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain - Fifty-eight illegal African immigrants are apprehended as they land at the Canary Islands.

DTzine.com 97

Eye on You

Picture by Evens Lee/Color China Photos/ZUMA

Feb. 27, 2008 - Guangzhou, Guangdong, China - Daniel Habesohn of Austria serves to Ma Long of China in the men’s team event in 2008 World Team Table Tennis Championships.

DTzine.com 99

In With the New King, out with the Old

Picture by Konstantin Zavrazhin/Gamma/ZUMA

Feb. 28, 2008 - Moscow, Russia - Russian President Vladimir Putin (right) and Presidential candidate Dmitry Medvedev meet with Hungarian Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsรกny.

DTzine.com 101

Mother’s Day

Picture by Tom Dulat/UPPA/ZUMA

Feb. 28, 2008 - London, England, U.K. - A nude pregnant woman urges shoppers to shun factory-farmed meat on Mother’s Day as part of a PETA protest against farrowing-crate confinement, a technique used in factory farming.

DTzine.com 103

Crater City

Picture by Fady Adwan/ZUMA

Mar. 1, 2008 - Gaza City, Gaza Strip - Palestinians gather around a large crater in the ground from an Israeli missile strike on a farm in Jabaliya refugee camp. At least 54 Palestinians were killed in Gaza today, the deadliest day in more than seven years of violence.

DTzine.com 105

Seat-Cushion Day

Picture by David de la Paz/EFE/ZUMA

Mar. 1, 2008 - Acapulco, Mexico - Spanish tennis player Nicolas Almagro celebrates his win over Argentinean David Nalbandian at the Mexican Open. Underdog Almagro defeated Nalbandian in straight sets 6-1 and 7-6. Fans celebrated by throwing their seat cushions onto the court.

DTzine.com 107

Live by the Sword...

Picture by José Jácome/EFE/ZUMA

Mar. 2, 2008 - Angostura, Ecuador - Ecuadorian Army soldiers pass by Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) guerrilla fighters who were killed during an air strike. The Colombian Air Force’s air strike killed Raúl Reyes, FARC’s deputy commander, along with 16 other guerrilla fighters.

DTzine.com 109

Smoking

Picture by Solo/ZUMA

Mar. 6, 2008 - Hollywood, California, U.S. - Dirty Dancing actor Patrick Swayze, 55, is diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. According to his doctor, George Fisher, ‘’Patrick has a very limited amount of disease and he appears to be responding well to treatment thus far.” Swayze is undergoing treatment while he continues with his film schedule.

DTzine.com 111

Lower Your Price

Picture by Jefri Aries/ZUMA

Mar. 8, 2008 - Jakarta, Indonesia - A female activist holds a picture of former president Sukarno while protesting rising prices of food, fuel and basic household goods during a demonstration to mark International Women’s Day.

DTzine.com 113

France IS Up in Arms

Picture by Jean Marmeisse/ZUMA

Mar. 8, 2008 - Paris, France - Paris is the scene of massive nonviolent protests against Israeli attacks in the Gaza Strip and Israeli President Shimon Peres’ visit to France as part of his European tour.

DTzine.com 115

Table with a View

Picture by Grant Triplow/Daily Mail/ZUMA

Mar. 11, 2008 - London, England, U.K. - People dine at a table suspended at a height of 50 meters. Dinner in the Sky accommodates 22 people, can be held anywhere and is available for an eight-hour session for just a few thousand dollars. A team of professionals operates the crane that supports the table while a staff of three serves, entertains and cooks for the diners.

DTzine.com 117

Land Grab

Picture by Luiz Vasconcelos/Agencia Estado/ZUMA

Mar. 11, 2008 - Lagoa Azul 2, Amazonas, Brazil - An Amazonian Indian tribe called Saterê-Maué battles local police over a land dispute. With her 1-year-old on her hip, Mani Saterê, 21, tries to stop troops from evicting her people. Her husband and 400 other tribe members are squatting on a rural sector between the cities of Itacoatiara and greater Manaus. The Saterê, a group of local natives, took over the property illegally. The rightful owner of the land asked the police to intervene in removing the natives from his property.

DTzine.com 119

Eeny, Meeny, Miny, Moe

Picture by Carlos Ortega/EFE/ZUMA

Mar. 11, 2008 - Cali, Colombia - Members of the Colombian military and the Department of Security (DAS) seize 7 tons of marijuana during an operative against the 4th squadron of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) in the town of Corinto in southwestern Colombia.

DTzine.com 121

Let’s Tango

Picture by Bob Leverone/Sporting News/ZUMA

Mar 14, 2008 - Charlotte, North Carolina, U.S. - Duke’s Greg Paulus battles Georgia Tech’s Maurice Miller during the quarterfinals of the Atlantic Coast Conference tournament.

DTzine.com 123

Arctic Voyage

Picture by Nick Cobbing/eyevine/ZUMA

Mar. 14, 2008 - Blosseville Coast, Greenland - Captain Gert walks the deck of the Noorderlicht, the Dutch schooner he built with his business partner, Captain Ted.Together they sail the ship around the Svalbard (Spitsbergen) archipelago. The ship was recently home to artists, scientists and broadcasters who joined an expedition organized

by Cape Farewell, an organization that provokes debate, research and discussion about climate change in the Arctic. The Arctic is one of the most remote and fascinating

DTzine.com 125 regions of the world. Few people have explored its remote seas and coastal areas by ship. Cape Farewell’s art and science voyage attempted to sail across the 78th parallel to eastern Greenland, a passage only made possible due to the melting sea ice. The expedition crossed the northern Atlantic to the frontline of climate change, then sailed south to explore East Greenland’s Blosseville Coast.

DTzine.com 127 DT: When did you get into photojournalism?

Nick Ut: I was 14 when introduced to the Associated Press office in Saigon by my mother. My older brother, Huynh Thanh My, had been killed a few weeks earlier while photographing combat action in the Mekong Delta on Oct. 10, 1965. He was on assignment for the Associated Press as a photographer. Horst Faas hired me shortly afterward. I started in the AP by mixing photo-processing chemicals and keeping the photo darkroom tidy. I loved the darkroom. I could print the picture by myself and see how the photographer had taken it. I never took a class in photography, so I learned by seeing the photographers’ work and what everyday war looked like.

By 1967, I was working as a news photographer and saw a lot of action taken during the Communist Tet Offensive. Horst had misgivings. He was afraid I would get killed, too.

1973 SPOT NEWS PULITZER PRIZE WINNING PHOTOGRAPHER NICK UT

DT: Tell us about that day in the summer of 1972?

NU: We passed hundreds of refugees fleeing the village. They cooked and slept outside the village, hoping to return when the fighting stopped. It was the third day of fighting in the area. When we (journalists) moved closer to the village, we saw the first people running. I thought, Oh my God, when I suddenly saw a woman with her left leg badly burned by napalm. Then came a woman carrying a baby, who died, then another woman carrying a small child with its skin coming off. When I took a picture of them, I heard a child screaming and saw that young girl who had pulled off all her burning clothes. She yelled to her brother on her left. Just before the napalm was dropped, soldiers (of the South Vietnamese Army) had yelled to the children to run, but there wasn’t enough time.

The girl was running with her arms out.

She was crying, “Nong qua! Nong qua!”

(Too hot! Too hot!) She had torn off all her clothes. When I saw she was burned, I dropped my camera beside the road. I knew I had a good picture. I got her into my mini van and took her and the family to the Cu Chi hospital.

Only when Kim Phuc was on the operating table did I leave the hospital and head toward Saigon to bring my film to the office.

Picture by Nick Ut/AP

Nick and Kim catch up.

Picture by Mark Harris

DT:You still shoot for AP, but you’ve been in L.A. for last 30 years. How did you get to America?

DT: Give us the tech info on that day...

NU: I shot eight rolls of Kodak black and white ASA 400 film and used two cameras that day to photograph the scenes in front of me. I had my Leica M2 with a 35mm Summicron and a Nikon F body with a 200mm, 300mm and a wide-angle lens.

DT: Describe the picture and what happen...

NU: The picture shows Kim, when her skin is burned so badly. Behind Kim, you see all the South Vietnamese armies running with her, together.And next to Kim are her older brother and one younger brother looking back to the black smoke and another two [members of] her family.

She looked ever so bad; I thought that she would die. You know, I had been outside the village that morning and I took a lot of pictures. I was almost leaving the village when I saw two airplanes.The first dropped four bombs, and the second plane dropped another four napalm [bombs].

And five minutes later, I saw people running, calling, “Help! Please help!”

As soon as she saw me, she said, “I want some water. I’m too hot, too hot”. And she wanted something to drink. I got her some water. She drank it, and I told her I would help her. I picked up Kim and took her to my vehicle. I drove up about 10 miles to Cu Chi hospital to try to save her life. I heard her saying to her older brother Phan

Thanh Tam, “I think I am going to die.” (Tam is seen running alongside her, at left.)

We got in the vehicle and went to the hospital. Kim cried, “I am thirsty, I am thirsty, I need water.” When the vehicle moved, Kim screamed out loud, obviously in great pain and then passed out. I tried to console her, saying, “Don’t worry, we will reach hospital very soon.”

At the hospital, there were so many Vietnamese people—soldiers were dying there.

They didn’t care about the children. Then I told them, “I am a media reporter. Please help her, I don’t want her to die.” And the people helped her right away.

I have never had a picture like it, all my life. All my foreign editors decided they wanted to send the picture to America. At first, they didn’t like the picture because the girl had no clothes. Then I told them about the napalm erupting in the village.

The pictures were shown in America, they were shown everywhere. They were shown in all the Communist countries— in China and in Vietnam. They still use the photo. Even though pictures [are taken] in every war, they still show the picture of Kim. They don’t want it to happen again— not napalm.

After I took the picture of Kim, I took to her very well. I always went to visit, to see her family. She called me Uncle Nick.

DT: Have you been back to the village of Trang Bang?

NU: I always feel very sad when I come back here. I feel sad for Kim Phuc, her family and the other people who got hurt.

DT:What has happened to “the girl in the picture”? Are you still in contact with her?

NU: I used to stop by and ask how Kim was doing. The family was living in a smaller house. I met Kim again. It was 17 years after the dramatic day in Trang Bang and 14 years since I saw her last, a few weeks, before the end of the war. The Los Angeles Times Magazine wanted to do a story about Kim and me, and I told them that Kim is in Cuba, studying Spanish and being trained as a pharmacist. So, we went to Cuba, and I saw Kim again. She introduced me to her fiancée, a student from North Vietnam. She married Bui Huy Toan in Cuba. A Korean friend of the couple paid for a honeymoon vacation out of Cuba in Moscow in 1992.

On the return flight from Moscow to Havana, both Kim and her husband defected.

After they had walked off the plane in Gander, Newfoundland, Canada, they talked to me on the phone. She was so happy!

I talk to her all the time, and I am like family.

Kim calls me her Uncle Ut. Even now I call her once a week. She lives in Canada. We are like a family now..

D T

For more information go to: kimfoundation.com

NU: I was evacuated on Apr. 22, 1975, during the last week of the Vietnam War, in a plane headed for the Philippines. A few days earlier, I had tried to get through to Kim again, but the roads had already been overrun by the North Vietnamese Army. I was 24. I went to my house and picked up some of my camera gear, my sister-in-law Arlette (widow of his late brother Huynh Thanh My) and her then 10-year-old daughter and we got out right away. My mother stayed behind. She cried. I also left some camera gear and all my personal negatives and pictures. A month latter, I was working at AP’s Tokyo bureau. Two years later, 1977, I arrived in Los Angeles became an American citizen. I continue to work and live as an AP photographer on general assignment work.

DTzine.com 129

Nov. 21, 2003 - Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Kim Phuc, the girl in the picture, speaks about her foundation at the Peace Medal Breakfast.

Picture by Ron Pozzer/Hamilton Spectator/ZUMA

Photograph: Š Tian Li/Gamma/Eyedea/ZUMA

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Information: +1 347 853 7447 newyorkphotofestival.com

Fragile X

Picture by Leonard Ortiz/The Orange County Register/ZUMA

Mar. 14, 2008 - Newport Coast, California, U.S. - Elisabeth Shelly, 11, has Fragile X syndrome, an inherited genetic permutation that causes mental impairment. Elisabeth is considered high functioning after extensive intervention. Her mother Andrea Shelly started and heads up the West Coast chapter of FRAXA Research Foundation, an organization that supports research for a cure and raises awareness about Fragile X.

TO S U B S C R I B E , G O TO D T z i n e . c o m .

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