Lima, Peru
RENACIMIENTO (n): revival, renaissance
Center for Water Research + Education
Elias Agia Bachelor of Architecture Thesis Drexel University 2018-2019 Advisor: Bob Nalls
POOR WATER QUALITY CONTRIBUTORS
THESIS STATEMENT
Through specific, curated design and research, can Lima’s main water sources be studied and improved upon while creating a desirable public amenity?
Climate + geography « Rapid expansion of mining « Poor + fragmented governmental regulation « Inadequate purification capabilities « Over-extraction of natural aquifers « Improper waste disposal + illegal dumping «
MISSON
The Center for Water Research and Education will be an independent research and education organization committed to the betterment of water access and quality for the residents of Lima, Peru.
CHILLÓN RIVER
GOALS + VISION 1
Collect data and assess overall condition of water sources serving Lima and surrounding areas 2 Mobilize into local waterways to test new and cutting edge techniques that have been prototyped in the lab 3 Provide resources and workshops for local communities on ways they can make a difference 4 Engage professionals and students to collaborate and get involved 5 Assist local government in efforts to improve and stabilize water quality
1
Proximity to significant water source Strong pedestrian connection potential 3 Easily accessible by public, students, staff, + researchers 4 Previously developed site in need of upgrades 5 In alignment with master plan goals [PLAM 2035] for the area 2
LURÍN RIVER
FAST FACTS
CRITERIA FOR SELECTION
SITE
RÍMAC RIVER
3 million people lack access to safe water. 5 million lack access to improved sanitation. Though 1/3 of Peru’s population lives in Lima, only 2.2% of its water resources are found there. Lima has 3 ‘major’ rivers, and therefore 3 distinct watersheds: Chillón, Rímac, and Lurín.
BACKGROUND
0-14
24.3%
15-29 45-59 60+
ETHNIC GROUPS
27.2%
30-44
Lima has one of the country’s highest high school enrollment levels
60% 26% Asian + Afro-Peruvians 8% European Peruvians 6% Mestizo Indigenous Peoples
22.5% 15.4% 10.6%
15%
32%
33%
>6k soles >$1,840
2k-6k soles $612-$1,840
840-2k soles 420-840 soles $257-$612 $128-$257
18%
6,242 Private Elementary + High Schools
1,805 Public Elementary + High Schools
Average 100-130 students each
Average 400-500 students each
60
40
20
0
HIGHER EDUCATION PARTICIPATION
74% of higher education students are in universities and 26% in technical vocational institutions.
<420 soles <$128
30 mm [1 inch]
81°F
25 mm
80°F
20 mm 15 mm
79°F
PRECIPITATION
TEMPERATURE
2016 2000
80
Combined, over 1.5+ million students educated
LIMA AVG MONTHLY TEMPS + PRECIPITATION
82°F
100
NUMBER OF INSTITUTIONS
AVG MONTHLY FAMILY INCOME 4%
The Pontifical Catholic University of Peru is the oldest private university in Lima, established in 1917.
Lima’s climate is subtropical desert, but it’s unusually arid and mild, due to the cold Homboldt ocean current. This combination gives it distinctly unique weather patterns from the rest of the country.
[.5 inch] 78°F
10 mm
77°F
5 mm
76°F
0 mm
RESEARCH
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
TEMPERATURE
Jul
Aug
23%
AGE DISTRIBUTION
Lima is home to the oldest continuously operating higher learning institution in the New World Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos.
Compare to US average rate of 60%
86.1%
31,770,000
Home to universities, institutions, and schools, Lima has the highest concentration of higher learning institutions on the South American continent.
37%
PERU
9,752,000
29% of
Sep
RAINFALL
Oct
Nov
Dec
FAST FACTS
LIMA
FAST FACTS
POPULATION
The warmest and fairest weather in Lima with clear and sunny skies - occurs generally from December to April. The mildest yet most humid weather in Lima - with gray, misty skies - occurs generally from May to October. Lima’s wet season generally occurs from November through April, while dry season is May through October.
HURTADO
DE MEND
OZA ST.
PEDESTRIAN ACCESS JULIAN PINEIRO DR.
CASTANETA ST.
GARCIA
. YOC ST HUALGA
The Parque de la Muralla is located in a culturally rich and historic part of the CAJAMARCA ST. city, right in the action and excitement of a well-preserved district. EQUE ST.
TRUJILLO ST.
CHICLAYO ST.
PAITA ST.
AYABAC A ST.
POINTS OF INTEREST
PLAZA DE TOROS DE ACHO
ON
RAN
MA
CASMA ST. The site is considerably pedestrian-friendly with various points of access, despite being spread between two levels. A significant challenge to overcome is the existing rail line bisecting the site, only circumvented by adding new pedestrian bridges.
ST.
EVITAMIENTO DR.
CASMA ST.
LAMBAY
PLAZA DE ARMAS DE RÍMAC
RÍMAC RIVER
JULIAN PINEIRO DR.
SITE
EVITAMIENTO DR.
ST
.
RÍMAC RIVER
PARQUE DE LA MURALLA
SH
ST.
ST.
YLAS AND AHUA
CA
CA
PA
AN
AY AC UC HO
YA
VE .
S ST.
LA M
ANCAS CONGRESO H ST. DE LA REPUBLICA DEL PERU
PLAZA BOLIVAR
AMAZONA
ST.
. ST HUA
HUA
NTA
NUC O ST
.
ST.
ST. RO PA RU
AV AB
ST.
CONSULTARIO MEDICO SAN CAMILO
CA RA BA YA
ST. AHUA
MUSEO NACIONAL AFROPERUANA
CA Y
N
GA
AND
SU
.
LA
AY AC UC HO
DE
T.
CATEDRALPERDE UN DA LIMA ST
IO UN
AL
AN GALERIA ARTESENAL CA SH SAN FRANSISCO S E.
ST
.
DE
YLAS
ST.
RA
BA
YA
ST. Y CONVENTO BASÍLICA DE SAN FRANSISCO
CA
PLAZA DE ARMAS CON HU
AMAZONAS ST.
AMAZONAS
AB AN
PALACIO DE GOBIERNO
.
ST
.
PALACIO MUNICIPAL
ST
CASA DE LITERATURA PERUANA
AN
CA
M AN
A
SITE
CAJAMARCA ST.
DE MEND
OZA ST.
EQUE
JULIAN PINEIRO DR.
CASTANETA ST.
ST. AYOC
HURTADO
HUALG
GARCIA ST.
TRUJILLO ST.
CHICLAYO ST.
PAITA ST.
AYABAC A
ST.
CASMA ST.
ON
RAN
MA
ST.
EVITAMIENTO DR.
LAMBAY
CASMA ST.
RÍMAC RIVER
JULIAN PINEIRO DR.
SITE
EVITAMIENTO DR.
ST
.
RÍMAC RIVER
CA
ST. HO UC
AY
AC
The site is generally surround by narrow, one way streets. Any two way AN Ccarry street does more traffic at a higher speed, but Amazonas St. to the AS HS south does a good T. job of keeping traffic slow. Parking has been kept to the west of the site, a ramp taking cars down to the lower level. CA
.
ST
PA
M
YA
VE
.
RA NUC
HUA
CA
O ST .
ST. NTA
ST. RO
RU
VEHICULAR ACCESS
AHUA YLAS
YA
S ST.
BA
ST. AHUA
AC AY
Sitting along the banks of the Rímac River, there’s inherently a ST. potential for flooding, shown above. The risk is elevated during the ANCAS H ST. rainy season from November through April, exacerbated by the fact that the river is at the same elevation as the surrounding landscape.
DA
PA
UN
AND
ER
AMAZONA
LA
ST.
UP
HUA
GA
ES
YLAS
ST.
LA
AV E.
.
ST
N
UN IO
AL
ST.
NC AY
ED
FLOODING RISK HU
SH
AB A
ND
CA
UC HO
CA
CO
AN
AND
ST .
. ST A BA Y RA
ST.
ST.
PARKING
AMAZONAS ST.
AMAZONAS
AB AN
M
AN A
SITE
SITE
PROGRAM
theSTAFF theSTUDENT
theRESEARCHER theVISITORS
PROJECT USERS
NET BUILDING SQUARE FOOTAGE
1 Research Laboratory: 5,030 SF 2 Production + Testing Facility: 3,550 SF 3 Environmental Education Exhibit: 3,550 SF TOTAL BUILDING 4 Demo Lab: 1,500 SF 51,500 SF 5 Multipurpose Space: 3,700 SF 6 Seminar Space: 1,540 SF 7 Specialty + Lab Support: 1,400 SF 8 Administrative Offices: 840 SF 9 Researcher & Staff Offices: 600 SF 10 Outdoor Classroom 900 SF 11 Reception // Lobby // Atrium: 1,300 SF 12 Mechanical: 1,620 SF 13 Toilet Rooms: 550 SF 14 General + Exhibit Storage: 400 SF 15 Electrical + I.T. Closets: 120 SF 16 Janitorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Closet: 60 SF SUPPORT & CIRCULATION Total: 26,600 SF 17 Circulation + Walls: 24,900 SF
SECONDARY FUNCTION
SIZE:
PRIMARY FUNCTION
PACHACAMAC SITE MUSEUM design influences: scale + regionalism
OLYMPIC SCULPTURE PARK design influences: context + siting
PASSIVE HOUSE PAVILION design influences: sustainable/site strategies
architect: Llosa Cortegana Arquitectos client: Sanctuary of Pachacamac location: Lurin, Peru size: 32,600 sq ft design: contemporary take on prehispanic architecture
architect: Weiss/Manfredi client: Seattle Art Museum location: Seattle, Washington size: 392,000 sq ft design: new experience for modern and contemporary art outside the museum walls, redefining urban sculpture parks
architect: SUP Atelier client: Longfor Real Estate Orient Sundar Windows location: Hebei, China size: 12,900 sq ft design: function|landscape|circulation
CASE STUDIES
CASMA ST.
JULIAN PINEIRO DR.
EVITAMIENTO DR.
SH
ST. CASMA ST.
ST.
ST. HO UC
PARTI OPTION AC
CA
AY
AN
AB AN CA YA VE .
LA M
PA
ST
.
S ST.
YLAS
CA RA BA YA
AMAZONA
AND AHUA
ST
.
RÍMAC RIVER
1
JULIAN PINEIRO DR.
EVITAMIENTO DR.
HO UC
ST.
PARTI OPTION AND
AY
ST. CASMA ST.
AC
YA CA
SH
AN
CA
AB
AN
LA
M
PA
ST
.
CA
VE
.
ST.
S ST.
YLAS
RA BA YA
AMAZONA
AHUA
ST
.
RÍMAC RIVER
2
JULIAN PINEIRO DR.
EVITAMIENTO DR.
ST. CASMA ST.
T. OS CH CU
PARTI OPTION AND
SH
AY A
YA CA
CA
AB AN
AN
LA
M
PA
ST .
CA
VE .
RA BA Y
S ST.
AS ST .
A
AMAZONA
AHUA YL
ST
.
RÍMAC RIVER
3
JULIAN PINEIRO DR.
EVITAMIENTO DR.
ST.
ST. YLAS
OS T. CH AC U
PARTI OPTION AY
YA SH
CA
CA
AN
AN
AB
LA
M
PA
ST
.
CA
VE .
RA
BA Y
S ST.
AHUA
A
AMAZONA
AND
ST .
RÍMAC RIVER
4
PROCESS DRAWINGS + MODELS
C
EVITAMIENTO DR.
LA B
SU PP
OR T
A
MECHANICAL 2700 SF
RESEARCH LAB 1100 SF
OFFICES & LAB SUPPORT
MEN
WOMEN
OF
FIC ES &
B
D
LOBBY 1300 SF
RESEARCH LAB 3600 SF
SPECIALTY LAB
A
PRODUCTION & TESTING FACILITY 4200 SF
UP
C
YA
VE
.
B
AB
AN
CA
LOBBY & RECEPTION 2700 SF
AMAZON
.
PLAZA LEVEL PLAN 1/16”=1’-0”
C
0’
16’
32’
64’
A
SITE PLAN
UP BS
RESEARCH LAB 1100 SF
OFFICES & LAB SUPPORT
PRODUCTION & TESTING FACILITY 4200 SF
INNOVATION LAB 1300 SF
UP
MULTIPURPOSE 2700 SF
ADMIN 900 SF DN
DEMO LAB 1700 SF
SEMINAR 2000 SF
C
VIEW 1
DEMO LAB 1700 SF
B
MEN
LOBBY 1300 SF
RESEARCH LAB 3600 SF
SPECIALTY LAB
D
A
WOMEN
MEN
WOMEN
MECHANICAL 2700 SF
PLAZA LEVEL PLAN
LA
B
D
&
360’
ES
120’
OF
60’
FIC
STREET LEVEL PLAN
PO
RT
1”=60” 0’
AC
PA
ST
AY
SITE PLAN
D
M
SH
UC
.
AS ST.
ST
CA
LA
AN
HO
ST.
UP
B
B ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION EXHIBIT 6000 SF
VIEW 2
DN
LOBBY & RECEPTION 2700 SF UP
UPPER LEVEL PLAN
PLAZA LEVEL PLAN
1/16”=1’-0”
1/16”=1’-0” 0’
16’
32’
FALL REVIEW DRAWINGS
D
D
64’
0’
16’
32’
64’
0’
60’
120’
VIEW 1
360’
VIEW
SECTION AA
AN
0’
8’
16’
CA
AN
32’
SH
CA
SH
ST
.
ST
.
AMAZONA
S ST.
AMAZONA
S ST.
VIEW 1 AY
32’
1/8”=1’-0”
AB
SECTION AA
8’ 16’ SECTION AA
LA M LAM PA P ST A ST . .
1/8”=1’-0” 0’
VIEW
AC AYA UC CUC HO H ST. O ST .
AN ABA CA NC Y A AY V E AV E. .
VIEW 1
SITE PLAN
VIEW
VIEW 3
1”=60”
SITE PLAN
1”=60” 0’ 60’
120’
360’
0’
120’
360’
60’
VIEW
SECTION BB
VIEW 3
1/8”=1’-0”
SECTION BB
0’SECTION 8’ 16’ BB 1/8”=1’-0”
32’
0’
32’
8’
16’
VIEW 2
VIEW 1 VIEW 1
VIEW 2 VIEW 2
SECTION CC 1/8”=1’-0”
SECTION CC
0’SECTION 8’ 16’ CC 1/8”=1’-0”
32’
0’
32’
8’
16’
VIEW 3 VIEW 4 VIEW 3
VIEW 4
VIEW 3
SECTION DD
SECTION DD 1/8”=1’-0”
0’ 8’ 16’ SECTION DD 1/8”=1’-0”
32’
0’
32’
FALL REVIEW DRAWINGS 8’
16’
VIEW 4
1
INTERACTION WITH SITE
Connection to existing site amenities and river’s edge can be strengthened, while still allowing circulation to flow through.
2
Roof shape + configuration doesn’t leverage natural resources or highlight didactic educational component.
Design Response: Shift building to align w/ primary pedestrian park entry. 3
BUILDING DESIGN
Aesthetic + form too closely resembles lab / big pharma. Design would benefit from less formal arrangement.
Design Response: Break down scale + focus on regional style.
ROOF PROFILES
Design Response: Optimize rainwater collecting potential. 4
PROGRAM DISTRIBUTION
Layout is too rigid and doesn’t reflect vision of open and transparent research + education center.
Design Response: Create separate nodes that allow for open circulation.
FALL REVIEW RESPONSE TO FEEDBACK
EXTERIOR MATERIALS + DETAILING EPDM ROOFING MEMBRANE 1/2” COVERBOARD OVER RIGID INSULATION
Strong, long-lasting, and resistant to rot and decay. Sourced heavily from eco-consciously managed forests in Peru, it is a more sustainable alternative than over-harvested wood products.
CUMARU WOOD GLULAM BEAM
CUMARU WOOD
Extremely durable, recylable, and environmentally-friendly, it is abundantly sourced from local areas of Peru, making it a sustainable, attractive exterior cladding material.
2x8 WD STUDS W/ BATT INSULATION ZINC / CUMARU WD RAINSCREEN CLADDING
ZINC CLADDING
CUMARU WOOD GLULAM COLUMN CURTAINWALL GLAZING SYSTEM
Highly efficient and energy-reducing, multiple pane glazing units separated by a gas filled space and low-e coating are critical in hot climates for reducing heat transfer.
CUMARU WOOD DOWEL LAMINATED TIMBER
LOW-E COATED INSULATED GLAZING UNIT
RIGID INSULATION BREAK AT SLAB EDGE
6" MIN
SLAB-ON-GRADE CONCRETE FLOOR + FOOTING
4' - 0"
WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE
TECHNICAL REVIEW DRAWINGS
WEATHER
THERMAL
STRUCTURAL
ENVELOPE STRATEGY
TECHNICAL REVIEW DRAWINGS
1
22’-6”
GLULAM GLULAM
26’-0”
GLULAM
GLULAM
2
20’-0”
10.5”x24.75”
10.5”x16.5”
9’-6”
GLULAM
10.5”x24.75”
22’-6”
34’-6”
20’-0”
TYPICAL STRUCTURAL BAY 9’-6” 10’-6”
TYPICAL STRUCTURAL BAY
10.5”x16.5”
GLULAM
10.5”x24.75”
10.5”x24.75” 10.5”x9.625” GLULAM COLUMN
STRUCTURAL STRATEGY
MECHANICAL STRATEGY
MECHANICAL CONDITIONING + VENTILATION PASSIVE CONDITIONING + VENTILATION
MECH PE
NTHOUSE
MECH
TECHNICAL REVIEW DRAWINGS
MARAN
ON ST.
LORETO ST.
N. PAN-AMERICAN AVE.
AB AN
CA Y
AV
E.
RĺMAC RIVER
PLAZA LEVEL
ST
.
OS T. CH
AS ST.
CU
SH
AMAZON
AY A
M
CA
LA
AN
PA
ST
.
STREET LEVEL
SITE PLAN
FINAL REVIEW DRAWINGS
LANDSCAPED BIO-SWALE + BUFFER
ABOVEGROUND RAINWATER CISTERN + LIVING MACHINE
UNDERGROUND WATER STORAGE CISTERNS
GREEN ROOFS FOR STORMWATER MANAGEMENT
SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS DIAGRAM
NEW STREET LEVEL ENTRY
WATER CANAL FOR RESEARCH + FLOOD MITIGATION
SECTION AA
FINAL REVIEW DRAWINGS
RIMAC RIVER
NEW ELEVATED RIVER WALK
NEW UNDERGROUND CISTERNS
RAILROAD TRACKS
NEW PLAZA LEVEL ENTRY
CITY WALL RUINS
GREEN SPACE
AMAZONAS STREET
EXISTING CONTEXT
NEW TERRACED LANDSCAPE
STREET LEVEL PLAN
C
DEMO LAB 1500 SF
RESEARCH LAB 3550 SF
DN
SEMINAR 1500 SF
OUTDOOR CLASSROOM 900 SF
B
A
DN
DN
MECH
M
DN
W
SPECIALTY + LAB SUPPORT 700 SF
ADMIN 840 SF
B
C
DN DN
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION EXHIBIT 3550 SF
A
FINAL REVIEW DRAWINGS
PLAZA LEVEL PLAN
C UP
MULTIPURPOSE 3700 SF
A B RESEARCH LAB 1480 SF UP
PRODUCTION + TESTING FACILITY 3550 SF
UP
MECHANICAL 1200 SF MECH
SPECIALTY + LAB SUPPORT 700 SF
B
UP
LOWER LOBBY 1300 SF UP
UP
A
FINAL REVIEW DRAWINGS
UP
C
SECTION BB
FINAL REVIEW DRAWINGS
SECTION CC
FINAL REVIEW DRAWINGS
FINAL REVIEW DRAWINGS
FINAL REVIEW DRAWINGS