Malik Basnight by Drexel Architecture Program

THE BRONX IS BLOOMING: CAPPING THE CROSS BRONX EXPRESSWAY Malik Basnight

Advisor: John Defazio

SITE DESCRIPTION

ALEXANDER HAMILTON BRIDGE

THROGS NECK BRIDGE

1940s:

1960s:

Robert Moses comes to power and begins to design NYC to accept the automobile. Hundreds of miles of roads for expressways and parkways are paved North/ South through the Bronx Borough.

Construction of the Cross Bronx Expressway successfully split the Bronx borough into two, the North and South Bronx. During this time ‘white flight’ ensues and the South Bronx demographics quickly shift from majority non-Hispanic whites to Blacks and Puerto Ricans.

Rate of Asthma 5% - 10% Rate of Asthma 10% - 20%

Areas of Revitilization Rate of Asthma 5% - 10%

0-20%

20-40% 40-60% 60-80% 80-100%

Rate of Asthma 10% - 20%

1970s:

2020s:

Landlords begin to burn down their own apartment buildings in order to collect the insurance money. Over 90% of the housing in the South Bronx was destroyed, leaving thousands homeless. The term ‘Decade of Fire’ is coined by the end of the 1980’s.

Today the South Bronx has the highest rate of pediatric asthma in the United States, with approximately 25%+ of children suffering. Not until recent years has the government started working on projects to help a community that was severed and abandoned.

RESEARCH BOILER ROOM 625 SF

EQUIPMENT STORAGE 500 SF

FAN PLENUM 500 SF

FAN ACCESS 885 SF

OUSIN

BASKETBALL COURT 4250 SF

HANDBALL COURT 800 SF

BATTERY ROOM 825 SF

FAN CONTROL ROOM 1500 SF

SUPPLY AIR FAN ROOM 2600 SF

COMMUNITY GARDEN 4000 SF

SWING SET PLAYGROUND 2600 SF

DIRECT AIR CAPTURE FAN CONTROL ROOM 5,000 SF

SCA D N

GREENHOUSE 2000 SF

OUSIN

FAN UNITS 192 SF

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT STORAGE 2600 SF

OPEN FIELD SPACE 4500 SF

RESTROOMS 500 SF

JUNGLE GYM PLAYGROUND 4500 SF

STORAGE 500 SF

Program Abstract:

T I L AT I

are housing, landscape, and ventilation. The housing aims to replace the 5,000+ apartment units destroyed during the CBE construction. New areas of vegetated landscape will provide the community with softscaped amenities and relief from the hardscaped urban environment. The ventilation program uses existing and new technology in order to provide carbon free air for the South Bronx.

SCA USIN D O N The three programmatic elements that are being added to the community

RESEARCH

LANDSCAPE

Rose Kennedy Fitzgerald Greenway aka Big Dig

VENTILATION Holland Tunnel

Precedents:

CARBON CAPTURE Orca Plant

The case studies shown focus on the landscape and ventilation program areas. Each case study, singularly, is/was able to transform the way we think about urban planning and the environment. My thesis aims to knit these systems together in a way that can increase the quality of city mobility for both the pedestrian and automobile, reduce carbon output, and shape the future of urban planning.

PROCESS DRAWINGS

PRELIMINARY REVIEW

Design Review: The Preliminary Review allowed me to generate two primary schematic options for the master plan. Each option had a different driving design concept, one focused on creating a linear grand park and the other focused on designing interventions between each city block. These design options have a common theme of providing as much outdoor vegetated landscape as possible. This is a design concept that is continued through this project.

FAIRMOUNT PLACE

176TH STREET

FAIRMOUNT PLACE

CBX SERVICE ROAD

176TH STREET

FAIRMOUNT PLACE

ELSMERE PLACE

FAIRMOUNT PLACE

175TH STREET

176TH STREET

ELSMERE PLACE

FAIRMOUNT PLAACE

175TH STREET

CB EXPRESSWAY

PRELIMINARY REVIEW

FAIRMOUNT PLACE

CBX SERVICE ROAD

FAIRMOUNT PLACE

176TH STREET

ELSMERE PLACE

FAIRMOUNT PLACE

175TH STREET

CB EXPRESSWAY

FAIRMOUNT PLACE

176TH STREET

ELSMERE PLACE

FAIRMOUNT PLAACE

175TH STREET

TECHNICAL REVIEW 1

6 Electric Room 2500 SF Electric Room 2500 SF

A B C D

1 A B C D E

6 Fan Supply 2600 SF Supply Fan 2600 SF

Fan Plenum / Fan Access 6000 SF Fan Plenum / Fan Access 6000 SF Electric Fan Plenum / FanFan Access Plenum / Fan Access Room 6000 SF 6000 SF 2500 SF Electric A Room 2500 SF Battery Storage Boiler Battery Storage800 SF Boiler 500 SF B Room Room 500 SF500 SF 800 SF 500 SF Battery Battery Storage StorageBoiler Boiler Room500 SF 800 SF Room 500 SF 800 SF C 500 SF 500 SF

Fan Plenum / Fan Access 6000 SF Fan Plenum / Fan Access 1 6000 SF2 Fan Plenum / FanFan Access Plenum / Fan Access Supply Fan 6000 SF 6000 SF 2600 SF

5 Supply Fan 2600 SF Supply Fan 2600 SF

Fan Plenum / Fan Access 6000 SF Fan Plenum / Fan Access 6000 SF Supply FanFan Plenum / FanFan Access Plenum / Fan Access 2600 SF 6000 SF 6000 SF Supply Fan 2600 SF Storage 1000 SF Storage 1000 SF

Electric Room Storage 800 SF 1000 SF Electric Storage Room 1000 SF 800 SF

Fan Plenum / Fan Access 6000 SF Fan Plenum / Fan Access 6000 SF Fan Plenum / FanFan Access Plenum / Fan Access 6000 SF 6000 SF

Supply Fan 2600 SFA Fan Control Room Fan Control Room 1500 SF 1500 SF B Fan Control Room Fan Control Room 1500 SF 1500 SF

Structural Systems: C

Electric Room 800 SF Electric Room 800 SF

Fan Control Room Fan Control Room (Direct Air Capture) 5,000 SF (Direct Air Capture) 5,000 SFRoom Fan Control Room Fan Control (Direct Air Capture) (Direct Air Capture) 5,000 SF 5,000 SF

By the point of the Technical Review I had realized that this E had two realms, above grade and below grade. project Above-grade I decided on a two-way waffle slab concrete structural system, this would be sufficient to hold the weight of the building’s mechanical program. Below grade I had to begin to understand how tunnels are constructed, ventilated, and manage storm-water. Another portion of the below-grade technical analysis is focused on how the building interacts with the tunnel.

TECHNICAL REVIEW DIRECT AIR CAPTURE UNIT

ALUMINUM COPING

ROOF SYSTEM WALKABLE STONE PADS EDPM MEMBRANE 3/4” EXTERIOR SHEATING 2” RIGID INSULATION

GALV. STL CONNECTION

INSULATED METAL PANEL SLAB COVER

ALUMINIUM SHADING SYSTEM

2-WAY REINFORCED CONC. FLAT PLATE

WINDOW WALL GLAZING SYSTEM

MECH. DUCTS

40' - 0" 20' - 0"

WALL ASSEMBLY 2” STONE VENEER AIR SPACE VAPOR BARRIER 1/2” SHEATHING 4” RIGID INSULATION 8” CMU

40' - 0"

8' - 0"

REINFORCED CONC. COLUMN AND CAP

SLAB ASSEMBLY 6” CONCRETE SLAB 2” SAND 4” GRAVEL 2” RIGID INSULATION

5' - 0" CONC. FOUNDATION WALL AND PILE CAP DRAIN TILE CONCRETE PILE

12' - 0"

12' - 0" 108' - 0"

12' - 0"

5' - 0"

10'

C T TI

G N HI

MA N CE

A N VISIBILIT Y

RI DE N

G N I N I STA

175 T H S T R E E T

STREE T

PL.

176 T H

E L SMERE

G N I IV

PE FA I R M O U N T

P L AC E

176 T H

STREE T

T C THE SO L AR C A OMM U NIT Y ORI ENT AT I O

M G A N XIMIZ I T E I VA

THE COM MUN IT Y

9 5 10

10 7

6 9

1. SUBSIDIZED HOUSING 2. RETAIL 3. PARK 4. TUNNEL VENTILATION 5. SOLAR CANOPY 6. GREENHOUSE 7. COMMUNITY CENTER 8. EXPRESSWAY CANOPY 9. CARBON DEPOSIT 10. EXISTING PARK

G ET

H X E

A TI

CO M

O N

MUN

INHALE

175 T H S T R E E T

THE VE

E L A 176 T H S T R E E T

P L AC E

STREE T

Y T I UN

176 T H

FA I R M O U N T

M M O

THE

R EB UIL G N I D

S E R V I C E R OA D

P L AC E

T I ST

CH G N I IL

E L SMERE

IT Y 175 T H S T R E E T

FINAL REVIEW

Building Materials: The exterior skin uses materiality to distinguish the different user groups and program elements. Curtain wall glazing is used at the pedestrian areas for visibility and connection. Channel glazing provides privacy and security for the machinery while having strong expression.

FINAL REVIEW WALTER GLADWIN PARK

RESIDENTIAL 32,000 SF 60 UNITS

CLINTON AVENUE

At the center of each street block is a connection between the below and above. Each of these interventions is dictated by the surrounding program and needs of the community. Between Southern Boulevard and Marmion Ave is a light well that allows pedestrians, during the day, to view the stream of vehicles below while the well provides ambient lighting for the complex at night.

FAIRMOUNT PLACE

ARTHUR AVENUE

Public Spaces:

RETAIL 1.5 FLOORS 20,000 SF

176TH STREET VENTILATION 3 FLOORS 53,200 SF SOLAR CANOPY 88,350 SF

ADMIRAL FARRAGUT PLAYGROUND

PEDESTRIAN ONLY PATH

CLINTON AVEN

CROTONA AVEN

REFLECTING POOL

175TH STREET

MIXED USE 140,000 SF 168 UNITS

ESLMERE PL.

DECK PARK ASSEMBLY

RAIN GARDEN CISTERN

MIXED USE

CARBON DESORPTION PIPE ACCESS

MIXED USE

252,900 SF 412 UNITS

260,600 SF 430 UNITS

FAIRMOUNT PL.

V ULE

EXISTING UTILITY LINES

THE

U SO

OTO

EXHAUST AIR SHAFT

LIGHT WELL

REINFORCED CONCRETE TUNNEL W/ CERAMIC TILE FINISH

PEDESTRIAN ONLY PATH

12' - 0"

11' - 0"

20' - 0"

CONCRETE FINS SPACED @ 40’-0”

13' - 0"

12' - 0"

PL.

FRESH AIR SUPPLY DUCTS EARTH

TRAFALGAR PL.

12' - 0"

SERVICE ACCESS WALKWAY WATERLOO

13' - 0"

MOHEGAN AVE.

40' - 0"

MARMION AVEN

176TH STREET

12' - 0"

CONCRETE CAP PILES

CONCEALED AIR JETS

RESIDENTIAL 96,000 SF 120 UNITS

175TH STREET

MIXED USE

140,000 SF 168 UNITS

ESLMERE PL.

CARBON DEPOSIT

GREENHOUSE

140,000 SF 168 UNITS

40,000 SF ADDITION TO EXIST. SANITATION BUILDING

GREENHOUSE

32,000 SF 1 FLOORS

40,000 SF ADDITION TO EXIST. SANITATION BUILDING

ESLMERE PL.

MIXED USE

P.S. 6 WEST FARMS

184,000 SF 325 FLOORS

NUE DALE AVE

VYSE STRE

AD N

REFLECTING POOL

O ET VYSE STRE

AD RO O N BO ST VENTILATION 3 FLOORS 53,200 SF

96,000 SF 120 UNITS

MOHEGAN AVE.

UE RESIDENTIAL

MARMION AVEN

PL.

MARMION AVEN

NUE

V ULE

DALE AVE

ERN

MTA 2/5 TRAIN LINE

SERVICE ROAD

TRAFALGAR

WATERLOO

PL.

MOHEGAN AVE.

MARMION AVEN

E PROSPECT AVENU

Y WA RK

OTO

UTH

XXX SF XX UN

PEDESTRIAN ONLY PATH

176TH STREET

P.S. 6 WEST FARMS

184,000 SF 325 FLOORS

RESIDENTIAL

NA OTO CR

MIXED USE

REFLECTING POOL

MTA 2/5 TRAIN LINE

SERVICE ROAD

REFLECTING POOL

176TH STREET

32,000 SF 1 FLOORS

EXPRESSWAY

A LEV

40,000 SF ADDITION TO EXIST. SANITATION BUILDING

CARBON DEPOSIT

B ERN

PEDESTRIAN ONLY PATH

176TH STREET

GREENHOUSE

EXPRESSWAY

LIGHT WELL

PEDESTRIAN ONLY PATH

176TH STREET

UTH SO

A LEV

LIGHT WELL

PEDESTRIAN ONLY PATH Y WA AY RK W PA RK NA PA OTO TONA CR O CR

Y WA RK

B ERN

RD VA RD ULE VA BO ULE ERN N BO UTH ER SO UTH SO

NA OTO CR

UTH SO

SEATING WITH LIGHT WELL

KIPP FREEDOM MIDDLE SCHOOL

PEDESTRIAN ONLY PATH

FAIRMOUNT PL.

AMPITHEATER

184, 325 F

260,600 SF 430 UNITS

FAIRMOUNT PL. FAIRMOUNT PL.

PROSPECT PLAYGROUND

MIXE

MIXED USE

252,900 SF 412 UNITS

260,600 SF 312,000 SF 430 UNITS 297 UNITS

NUE

PEDESTRIAN ONLY PATH

MIXED USE

PL.

36,000 SF 3 FLOORS

MIXED USE MIXED USE

TRAFALGAR

252,900 SF 412 UNITS

PL.

COMMUNITY CENTER

DALE AVE

MIXED USE

WATERLOO

I.S. 318 MIDDLE/HIGH SCHOOL

PROS

MARM

175TH STREET

MIXED USE

RESIDENTIAL 96,000 SF 120 UNITS

176TH STREET RESIDENTIAL XXX SF XX UN

VENTILATION 3 FLOORS 53,200 SF

176TH STREET RESIDENTIAL XXX SF XX UN

FINAL REVIEW LAUNDRY

RESIDENTIAL LOBBY

GROCERY STORE

RETAIL

EXPRESSWAY SERVICE ROAD

FAN PLENUM 1

CROSS BRONX EXPRESSWAY

MUSEUM LOBBY WH

BO STO N

EXHIBIT 1

FAN SERVICE ACCESS

FAN PLENUM 2 BOILER ROOM

EXPRESSWAY SERVICE ROAD SUPPLY AIR FAN ROOM

EMR

176TH STREET

EXISITING RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

EMPLOYEE ENTRANCE

FINAL REVIEW

EXHIBIT 2

EXHIBIT 3 UP

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT ROOM

CLASSROOM

MUSEUM ADMIN OFFICES

WATER PUMP ROOM

STORAGE 15 '-

CORRIDOR BATTERY ROOM

TER

CO M

TER

CLASSROOM

CO M

EQUIPMENT STORAGE

SECURITY STATION

CORRIDOR UP

RADIO CONTROL ROOM

AIR CAPTURE CONTROL ROOM MENS LOCKER ROOM WOMENS LOCKER ROOM

SUPPLY FAN CONTROL ROOM

OFFICES

CO MP UT

CORRIDOR

UTILITY

EMPLOYEE BREAK ROOM

Building Design: There are (3) primary user groups for the Ventilation Building; tourists, maintenance, and employees all have access to various parts of the building. Tourists are able to view the employees from a variety of classrooms and corridors without intruding on the employee’s path of travel. This carbon capture ventilation building is able to process 6,000 tons of C02 and prevent further respiratory health issues in the surrounding communities.

FINAL REVIEW EXHAUST SHAFT GREEN ROOF CONCRETE FINS SUPPORTING BUILDING SPACED @ 25’-0”

FRESH AIR SUPPLY INTAKE

WATER FOUNTAIN PLAZA

DECK PARK

CONCRETE FINS SUPPORTING DECK PARK SPACED @ 40’-0”

PILE CAP FOOTING

CROSS BRONX EXPRESSWAY TUNNEL

Building Design: The exhaust shafts and fresh air supply dictated the shape the building, since these two system must have direct contact with the proposed tunnel below. To support the weight of the deck park and building, concrete fins are used to direct the load down. The spacing of these fins varies depending on the program above.

FINAL REVIEW NATIVE VEGETATION; TREES, BUSHES, AND GRASS

PRIMARY GROWING MEDIUM

176TH STREET

EXPRESSWAY SERVICE ROAD

PEDESTRIAN PAVING SYSTEM

ENGINEERED STRUCTURAL FILL TOP SLAB W/ WATER MEMBRANE

SUPPLY AIR FAN ROOM

HPDE STRUCTURAL FILL DROP SLAB INSERTS FOR TREES, UTILITIES, AND STORMWATER PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BOX BEAM SYSTEM

Deck Design:

AIR CAPTURE CONTROL ROOM

CLASSROOM

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT ROOM

BATTERY ROOM

BOSTON ROAD

MUSEUM LOBBY

FAN SERVICE ACCESS

FAN PLENUM 2

The Deck Park is an assembly that sits on the concrete supporting fins. The base of the assembly uses a pre-stressed box beam system that allows for large native trees and wildflowers to be planted, utility lines to run through it, and allows for new pedestrian-only pathways to increase city circulation and accessibility.

FEEDBACK

Due to the scale of this thesis project there were concerns about the ability to focus on both the urban scale and the human scale in the provided time frame. While I was able to provide in-depth programmatic intent for each area of the community, more time would have allowed me the opportunity to further develop each type of streetscape. I would have highlighted the differences between the large avenues and boulevards that shape New York to the smaller residential roads that create these community.