CAMPBELL

URBAN OUTPOST:

A R I Z O NA- S O N O R A

DESERT MUSEUM

CONTENTS 1

INTRODUCTION

2

EXISTING CONDITIONS

3

PROGRAM ABSTRACT

4-5 C A S E S T U D I E S & I N T E R V I E W S ?

FA L L R E V I E W

?

TECHNICAL REVIEW

?

FINAL REVIEW

URBAN OUTPOST: ARIZONA-SONORA DESERT MUSEUM Project By: Neil Campbell Advisor: Nancy Rogo-Trainer

THESIS STATEMENT

LOCATION

An urban outpost of the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum will enliven downtown Tucson and bring awareness of the ecological consequences of urban sprawl.

City: Tucson, AZ Intersection: SE of E Jackson St and S Stone Ave

SUMMARY

GOALS

The Urban Outpost has been designed to create a desert experience for the family. Its purpose will be to entertain and educate while displaying wildlife and the ongoing conservation efforts being undertaken by the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum and the University of Arizona. The Outpost will display flora and fauna indigenous to the Sonoran Desert in both indoor and outdoor habitats. It will also contain spaces for travelling exhibits and exhibits focusing on current research and conservation projects.

1. To integrate the wildlife of the Sonoran Desert into downtown Tucson’s existing life. This will require that relationships be developed between the learning center and the business, commercial and educational functions of the city.

A fifteen story building which shares the site will contain labs, education spaces and staff offices for the University of Arizona. The presence of this building on the site is intended to create a physical relationship between the Desert Museum and the university to mirror their cooperation in desert conservation.

2. To showcase the conservation efforts being undertaken by the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum.

3. To provide space for the rehabilitation and study of distressed animals.

4. To create an interesting zoological exhibit which will bring activity and business to the downtown Tucson area.

INTRODUCTION

1

BUILDING USES

SITE LOCATION

SITE

Medical / Treatment

Office Space

Govt. / Law Enforcement

Commercial / Mixed Use

Parking Garage

Museum / Arts

Cenvention Center

Public School

PROJECT SITE FROM SE

Residential

SITE DESCRIPTION SITE

The site for this project was chosen for three reasons. The first was the proximity to highway 10 and other major roads.

The second was that the site is adjacent to the Children’s Museum, the Convention Center, and several of Tucson’s other key attractions. The third reason is that the site lies on an edge between a large residential portion of the city and its dense urbn core.

PROJECT SITE FROM NW

EXISTING CONDITIONS

2

PROGRAM Space: University Tower Spaces Entrance/Elevator Lobby Faculty Office Space Public Area Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Open Computer Lab Sitting Area Roof Deck Research Labs Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Teaching Labs Type 2 Type 3 Classrooms Type 1 Type 2 Utility Stairs/ Elevators Basement Utility/ Storage Enclosed Mechanical Space Restrooms

ZONING Quantity

SF

1 1

2,905 5,585

2,905 5,585

4 4 4

6,700 5,340 3,140

6 1

1,675 1,335 785 235 270 1,410

3 3 3

1,530 1,735 2,230

4,590 5,205 6,690

4 1

1,735 2,230

6,940 2,230

9 5 12 12 1 1 24

1,530 1,735 100 1,010 3,000 6,500 165

13,770 8,675 1,200 12,120 3,000 6,500 3,960

1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4

6,555 2,625 1,325 1,705 550 2,165 990

6,555 2,625 5,300 1,705 550 2,165 990

2,040 350 520 290

2,040 350 2,080 1,160

Total SF Total Project SF

OCR-2

C-3

FAR = 10.5 Allowable SF = 181,158 sf Max Building Height = 300’ Perimeter Yard (Setback) = 0’

FAR = 2.0 Allowable SF = 51,759 sf Max Building Height = 75’ Perimeter Yard (Setback) = 0’

Allowable Uses High-Rise Mixed Use Commercial Residential

Allowable Uses Retail Commercial with Wholesale Nightclubs Bars Amusement Automotive Services Residential Limited Manufacturing

25,520

Total SF Outdoor Areas Zoo Entry Area Habitat 1 Habitat 2 Habitat 3 Secondary Holding /Habitat Transition Area Plant Life Exhibits Central viewing Area Circulation/Path Lower Seating Area Amphitheater Observation Deck/ Rooftop Circulation

1,620 1,410

101,580

Total SF Indoor Areas Burrowing/Nocturnal Animals Exhibit Travelling Exhibit Conservation/Research Exhibits Indoor Presentation Area/Grand Stair Theater Restaurant Kitchen Trash Disposal Loading Area / Storage Ticketing/Offices Stairs/Elevators Storage/ Utility

Total SF

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

2,950 3,250 3,800 4,600 1,695 1,975 1,105 4,880 1,250 3,350 3,445

2,950 3,250 3,800 4,600 1,695 1,975 1,105 4,880 1,250 3,350 3,445 32,300

BUILDING TYPE The project will consist of three parts. The first is a number of outdoor zoo and botanical exhibits. Adjacent to the outdoor spaces, the second portion of the project will be an indoor zoo containing themed exhibits. The third part of the project is a university building for the U of A which will contain research and teaching labs.

159,400

PROGRAM ABSTRACT

3

CASE STUDIES DESERT HOUSE

by Dunn & Hillam Architects This project employs many interesting and effective methods of passive cooling. These cooling methods are effective in an even hotter desert than the Sonoran desert of Arizona.

My study of this building focussed on methods of blocking direct solar gain and utilizing hot and cold air to create natural air flows.

ASSORTED BUILDINGS

by Rick Joy Architect

Rick Joy is a well known architects based in Tucson Arizona.

He is very creative in his use of desert materials. He uses these native materials to create a modern aesthetic tailored to the american deserts.

AUDUBON ZOO INSECTARIUM

by Various Architects

New Orleans is the home of the Audubon Zoo. It also contains two urban branches of the zoo within the city limits.

The Insectarium building is a great precedent study for the design of an urban zoological attraction. It was very instructive about designing animal exhibits within a site that has very limiting and defined boundaries.w

CASE STUDIES

4

INTERVIEWS

SITE VISIT: Elmwood Park Zoo Norristown, PA

1 Kenneth Woodson VP of Community and Government Affairs at the Philadelphia Zoo Nina Bisbee VP of Facilities at the Philadlphia Zoo

Kenneth and Nina were valuable sources of information about zoo design and the business functions of a zoo. They also shared sources of information about animal habitat requirements and current zoo design theories.

2 Joseph A. Nicholson AIA, NCARB, IDSA Principal at studioMUSarx, LLC Sherman Lai, Assoc. AIA Senior Architectural Designer at studioMUSarx, LLC

Early in the Fall quarter I visited the Elmwood Park Zoo. My goal was to spend an hour on a busy day observing one of the indoor exhibit spaces . I hoped to understand how people behave in spaces similar to the ones that I was planning to design. There were distinct and observable patterns to the behavior of the viewers which shaped my decision making throughout the design of the interior exhibit portion of my project.

Joseph and Sherman both professional museum and exhibit designers. Their knowledge and advice about the relationship between exhibits and viewers was invaluable. Joseph was also very helpful with information about travelling exhibits and professional organizations early in the design process.

3 Joseph Marra, AIA Campus Architect: Bryn Mawr College

Joseph has experience in university masterplanning and building design. He also has experience designing projects in the Sonoran desert of Arizona. He shared key advice about building materials and practices which benefitted the climatic design of the project. He also had vital information about the design of the U of A tower.

INTERVIEWS

5

FALL REVIEW ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CALICHE

ARROYOS (streams) Ephemeral The water table occurs below the stream bed. These streams only run when water flows along the surface of the ground.

Ephemeral streams are typical in the deserts of Tucson.

A layer of sediment which has been cemented into a solid mass by naturally deposited calcium carbonate. This layer is typical throughout the Tucson area and the greater Sonoran Desert. It is caused when evaporated rainwater leaves wet calcium behind after it evaporates. The calcium acts as a cementing agent and hardens around the native soil mixture.

Stream Bed

Water Table

HUMAN COMFORT

HUMAN COMFORT

AVERAGE DAILY TEMPERATURE

FALL REVIEW

6

SITE ANALYSIS & CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

Visual Connection

Parking Garage

Circulation

Street Parking

Restricted Access Area

Access from Parking Garage

Public Access Area

STREET WALL DIAGRAM (Showing Urban Context)

PRELIMINARY DESIGN

FALL REVIEW

7

TECHNICAL REVIEW WATER HARVESTING

GEOTHERMAL COOLING

TECHNICAL REVIEW

9

TOWER FACADE CONSTRUCTION

TECHNICAL REVIEW

10

ZOO BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

TECHNICAL REVIEW

11

FINAL REVIEW SITE OVERVIEW Project Site and Highway 10

The outdoor exhibit spaces and the visitor walkway experience a 15 foot decline from the entrance of the Outpost to the Zoological building. This decline is meant to prepare visitors for the underground experience that they will have as they enter the Zoological building. It also helps to separate the desert exhibits from the surrounding city which is predominantly flat in this area.

FINAL REVIEW

13

PATHWAY DESIGN

Wood slats are used as a shading device to protect the visitors from the sun. The slats also double as one layer of fencing between the animals and those walking along the path.

The pathway materials were chosen because they allow natural aging without compromising the effectiveness of the structure. This will give the appearance that the manmade structures are subject to natural processes, and demonstrate the effect that the desert has on architectural materials. The wood slats will be unfinished and allowed to dry and age over time in the extremely hot climate. The walkway supports at each viewing area will have a rusted finish and will be left to age in place.

FINAL REVIEW

14

TOWER FACADE CONSTRUCTION

Brise Soleil

The insulation purposes, the faรงade was designed to look modern without using a fully glazed wall system. The glazed panels are the full height of each floor and they alternate with insulated precast concrete panels. The glazed panels also protected from direct sunlight by exterior solar shades.

Structural Colummn Floor to Ceiling Glazed Panel Concrete Slab

Metal Stud Framing Precast Concrete Panels Steel Reinforcing Insulation

The west facade of the U of A tower has a large glazed opening which gives visibility to the common areas. These common areas have staggered openings at each floor level to unify the interior spaces.

KEYPLAN

A

D B

TOWER PASSIVE COOLING FEATURES

Sunlight

C

PLAN NORTH

Fly Roof Operable Louvers

Natural Breezes

Semi-Enclosed Mechanical

PLAN NOTES GENERAL NOTES

Enclosed Mechanical

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT GMP PRICING SET NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECT TITLE

MCAL ADDITION Architecture Engineering Planning Interiors

4 A1.1

West

1/32" = 1'-0"

TOWER FACADE DESIGN

SFCS Inc. 305 South Jefferson Street Roanoke, Virginia 24011.2003 540.344.6664 Fax 540.343.6925 www.sfcs.com

PROJECT DESIGNER PROJECT ARCHITECT PROJECT ENGINEER DRAWN BY CHECKED BY APPROVED BY

: : : : : :

xxx NEF Author Checker

DATE

REVISION DESCRIPTION

NO.

DRAWING TITLE

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

COMM. NO. Project Number

DATE

DRAWING

SHEET

JANUARY 28, 2012

A1.1

OF

VISITOR EXPERIENCE

5

6

4

1 2

3

The entrance to the wildlife exhibit area is beneath the northern portion of the tower. Passing under the tower will begin the visitor’s experience of passing beneath the surface of the desert.

1

2

Shaded walkways serve to protect visitors from the harsh desert sun as well as the animals in each exhibit space. The walkways only partially obscure views into the adjacent habitats., and will be sporadically broken by glazed viewing areas. The semi-enclosed walkway also gives the appearance of passing through the desert in a protected walkway instead of walking around enclosed habitats.

At the eastern end of the site, visitor’s will find an outdoor seating area and botanical exhibit. The botanical exhibit doubles as the barrier at the southeastern corner of the site.

3

Inside the zoological building visitors will view exhibits showcasing burrowing animals, nocturnal animals, insects and travelling exhibitions. They will also see themed exhibits which showcase the ASDM and U of A’s conservation projects

5

6

4

1 2

3

The zoological building exits onto the second floor above the animal care and storage spaces. The roof deck contains botanical exhibits and viewports into the large outdoor exhibit spaces below.

4 The rooftop viewports will give visitors a second vantage point from which to appreciate the wildlife in the outdoor exhibits.

5

(The exhibit shown is equipped with additional structure.

This structure is meant to hold mesh netting when large predators on dispay.)

At the western end of the rooftop deck there is an amphitheater for educational functions. It is partially shaded and will have an overview of the entire site.

6

VISITOR SEATING AREAS

PEDESTRIAN VIEW

The pathway through the exterior exhibit spaces widens in two locations to create open areas which will be used for seating and gathering. This gathering area contains a botanical exhibit and leads visitors into the Zoological building at the east end of the site.

At the northeast corner of the site there is an opening in the perimeter wall which will allow pedestrians a brief view of the site. Native cacti will serve as a barrier to trespassing.

ZOO PASSIVE COOLING FEATURES Operable Louvers

Warm Air Exhaust

Cool Air

Geothermal Wells

Operable Louvered Light Shelf

Brise Soleil Atrium

MOTORIST VIEW This is a View of the tower from W Broad Blvd. All motorists entering Tucson from Highway 10 will pass by this View.