CARNATION HOUSING BLIGHT TO DELIGHT
KELSEY LOUISE GIBSON | DREXEL UNIVERSITY | 2021 | ADVISOR: JEFFREY KRIEGER
P E N N SY LVA N I A
2 HOUR DRIV E 104 MILE S
PROJECT LOCATION: 120 N. RICHLAND AVE. YORK, PA 17404
N E W J E RS E Y PHILADELPHIA
this thesis project is located in my hometown, york, pa. the blighted instrustrial site was once an agricultural grain elevator. but its delapidated condition has become a point of contention in my neighborhood. york was once known for its industry and manufacturing of goods. now these once bustling factories face the danger of being demolished.
M A RY L A N D
this thesis explores HOW NEW AND ADAPTIVE REUSE HOUSING can REVITALIZE A BLIGHTED INDUSTRIAL SITE AND SURROUNDING NEIGHBORHOOD. 1765
THE YORK FAIR WAS ESTABLISHED IN OLD YORK TOWN
1741
YORK CITY WAS LAID OUT, BECAME FIRST TOWN WEST OF THE SUSQUEHANNA RIVER
site history
1974
1853
RED ROSE FEED WAS SOLD TO CARNATION COMPANY
THE YORK COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY WAS FOUNDED
1842
JOHN ESHELMAN BEGAN SELLING GRIST MILL PRODUCTS TO FRIENDS AND FAMILY IN LANCASTER CO.
1888
THE FAIR OUTGROWN ITS GROUNDS AND RELOCATED TO A 73-ACRE SITE
1862
JOHN ESHELMAN SOLD THE COMPANY TO HIS SON, WHOM STEERED THE COMPANY INTO ANIMAL FEED AND GROWTH
1926
2020
THE NEW GRANDSTAND WAS CONSTRUCTED, BECAME A 5-DAY EVENT
2000
FORMER MANNA PRO GRAIN ELEVATOR IS BEING DEMOLISHED FOR NEW DEVELOPEMENTS
NEW BUILDINGS HAVE BEEN CONSTRUCTED FOR DIFFERENT EVENTS MANNA PRO GRAIN ELEVATOR CLOSED ITS YORK CITY LOCATION
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vehicular path
pedestrian path & landmarks
YORK COUNTY FAIRGROUNDS
VACANT BUSINESS
FORMER MANNA PRO GRAIN ELEVATOR SITE: 91,620 SF BUILDING: 67,500 +/[ADAPTIVE REUSE]
EXISTING CELLULAR TOWER
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PROJECT SITE
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YORK FAIRGROUNDS
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site analysis 10
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existing street conditions
york fair old memorial hall
adjacent rowhomes
york fair grand stand
united calvery church adjacent single family homes, rr xing
york fair expo gate
manna pro grain elevator
vacant storefront and parking lot
saint rose of lima church
definition: A grain elevator is an agrarian facility complex designed to stockpile or store grain. In grain trade, the term "grain elevator" also describes a tower containing a bucket elevator or a pneumatic conveyor, which scoops up grain from a lower level and deposits it in a silo or other storage facility.
BONDY SOCIAL HOUSING Guérin & Pedroza architectes PREVIOUS TO ITS RENOVATION, THIS WAS BUILDING A POST-WORLD WAR II HOUSING. THE OBJECTIVE FOR ITS RENOVATION TO IMPROVE THE LIVING ENVIRONMENT AND DE-DENSIFICATION.
GOUDA CHEESE WAREHOUSE LOFTS MEI ARCHITECTS AND PLANNERS ORIGINALLY A CHEESE WAREHOUSE, THE TRANSFORMATION IS VISIBLE ON THE INTERIOR WHERE ONCE A DARK ALLEY BETWEEN THE TWO BUILDINGS, NOW TRANSFORMED INTO A LIGHT ATRIUM.
casestudIES
process sketches
in early schematic design, I envisioned adding some sort of surround to one of the existing grain elevators. i experimented with exposing the existing steel structure at main areas of circulation, i didn’t know exactly what i wanted for my design in order to tie new and old together since there are so many different components to this structure.
initial massings
1
2
3
Original grain elevator built in the early 1900’s, with multiple additions.
demolish rear pole barn structure with adjacent masonry structure to allow for new construction and site work. Demolish outer core of grain elevator.
New mass to align with street front and surround rowhomes. New infill tower to be added to maximize circulation and program for users.
4
5
6
cut back tower infill to allow for roof gardens and better lighting to apartments. void through the existing tower for views of fair grounds and social areas for tenants. cut back fourth floor of new housing structure to be similar to existing rowhomes.
Increase height of tower infill, Possiblity of this area being a clubhouse for residents or additional housing units. Gabled roof represents grain tower typology.
Next moves....consider increasing tower height, begin manipulating facade, further develop site.
design review 16 january 2021 TOTAL PROGRAM SF: 62,350 SF SITE ACREAGE: 1.89 SITE SF: 82,328SF
STORAGE 2,500 SF 2-BEDROOM loft- 9 UNITS @ 1,200 SF =
MECH/CIRCULATION 12,400 SF
TOTAL = 41 UNITS
1-BEDROOM - 22 UNITS @ 750 SF = 9,000 SF
COMMUNITY CENTER/ CHILDCARE 3,000 SF 2-BEDROOM - 10 UNITS @ 1,250 SF = 5,000
3-BEDROOM - 2 UNITS @ 1,250 SF = 5,000 SF
work CORE 8,000 SF WORK SPACE SUPPORT SERVICES MENTORING COUNSELING SOCIAL AREAS computer access
GREEN SPACE/ PLAYGROUND 2,000 SF
massings * REMOVAL OF rear POLE BARN BUILDING IN REAR TO ALLOW new construction * GREEN ROOF ON TOWERS * PROGRAMS FOR EVENING USER ACTIVITY
KEY mad ison
APARTMENT UNITS 5
GREEN SPACE
6
CORNER CAFE
7
RESTAURANT/BAR COMMUNITY PANTRY
8
RETAIL
5
7
e
5
2
5
nu
NEW CONSTRUCTION 2-3 BEDROOM UNITS
2
av e
4
1
3
pa r
8
ki
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nd
COMMUNITY SUPPORT WORK AREAS COMPUTER ACCESS COUNSELING MENTORING COMMONS CIRCULATION
la
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2
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2
DAYCARE/COMMUNITY CENTER
n.
1
6
lind
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n ave
ave n
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aven u
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93’-0” STUDIO 600 SF
NEW CONSTRUCTION BEYOND
EXISTING TOWERS BEYOND
81’-0”
2-BR 1,200 SF
STUDIO 600 SF
65’-5”
2-BR 1,200 SF
STUDIO 600 SF
50’-5”
2-BR 1,200 SF
STUDIO 600 SF
93’-0” 81’-0” 65’-5” 50’-5”
NEW CONSTRUCTION BEYOND
34’-5”
34’-5”
18’-8” PLAY!
RESIDENTS’ COMMONS
PARKING
BUILDING SECTION A
18’-8” RAIL ROAD
PARKING
BUILDING SECTION B
YORK FAIRGROUNDS
VIEWS
e enu d av hlan n. ric
community pantry 1,200 SF retail 1,200 SF
2-BR/3-BR RESIDENTIAL UNITS
YORK FAIRGROUNDS A
RETAIL 1,700 SF
PLAY!
2-BR 2-BR 1,200 SF 1,200 SF B
stair
stair
STAIR
STAIR E
e daycare/community center 4,200 SF
community services 4,750 SF
corner cafe 1,500 SF
ROOF BELOW
1-BR 750 SF
STUDIO 600 SF
e enu d av hlan n. ric
YORK FAIRGROUNDS
community watering hole 4,000 SF
kitchen
RAIL ROAD
VIE WS
FORMER GRAIN STORAGE
YORK CITY
enue linden av ROOF BELOW
WESTERN MARYLAND FREIGHT LINE
plan development
WEST YORK
lan d av enu e
A
VIEWS
ich
B
n. r
n. r
ich
286’-0” +/-
lan d av enu e
BELOW
technical review 15 march 2021 my design took a step back in order to organize my concept prior to the technical review.
SURROUND
i created a parti based on my previous massing iterations and original goals for the affordable housing design. in order to delinate between the two grain elevators, I named them fred and ginger.
CONNECT
CONTAIN
revised parti GRAIN ELEVATOR 1: “FRED”
GRAIN ELEVATOR 2: “GINGER”
* REMOVAL OF rear POLE BARN BUILDING IN REAR TO ALLOW new construction * GREEN ROOF ON TOWERS * PROGRAMS FOR EVENING USER ACTIVITY
5
KEY 1
2 3
DAYCARE/COMMUNITY CENTER
2
2
APARTMENT UNITS COMMUNITY SUPPORT WORK AREAS COMPUTERS COUNSELING MENTORING COMMONS CIRCULATION
4
NEW CONSTRUCTION 2-3 BEDROOM UNITS
5
GREEN SPACE
6
CORNER CAFE
1
5 par kin g
5
3
6
hland n. ric
e avenu
NEW
2 15' - 0"
3 11' - 8"
4 13' - 6"
5
7
6
13' - 6"
13' - 6"
10' - 3"
8
NEW ROOF 80' - 9"
12' - 0"
1
10' - 3"
EXISTING
ROOF MEMBRANE SYSTEM
A 21' - 0"
9' - 0"
spandrel beam
glulam column
B
WOOD BLOCKING R-7.5 RIGID INSULATION LGM FRAMING W/ BATT INSULATION STRUCTURAL CLT ROOF 1 FLOOR SYSTEM CLADDING 71' - 9" CERAMIC SYSTEM
20' - 6"
composite clt interior beam
R-7.5 RIGID INSULATION
20' - 6"
11' - 4"
C existing concrete structure
open to below
18' - 2 3/4"
LGM FRAMING W/ BATT INSULATION CERAMIC CLADDING SYSTEM R-7.5 RIGID INSULATION
12' - 1"
line indicates new construction tbd
D
TAPERED RIGID INSULATION 1/4" MIN. SLOPE FOURTH FLOOR NEW INFILL METAL COPING 47' - 8"
AIR BARRIER STRUCTURAL CLT WALL SYSTEM THIRD FLOOR 36' - 4" LGM FRAMING W/ BATT INSULATION
E
STRUCTURAL CLT FLOOR SYSTEM FIFTH FLOOR 59' - 8"
12' - 0"
16' - 2 1/2"
existing steel structure floor infills to be concrete over metal deck
NEW STRUCTURAL TIMBER AND CLT SYSTEM
LGM FRAMING W/ BATT INSULATION CERAMIC CLADDING SYSTEM R-7.5 RIGID INSULATION STRUCTURAL CLT FOURTH FLOOR FLOOR SYSTEM NEW INFILL 47' - 8" SECOND FLOOR 20' - 1 1/2" R-7.5 RIGID INSULATION
STRUCTURAL CLT FLOOR SYSTEM
11' - 4"
NEW STRUCTURAL TIMBER AND CLT SYSTEM
6.9
7.8
8.8
9.8
11
12
13
14
15
16
LGM FRAMING W/ BATT INSULATION LGM FRAMING W/ BATT INSULATION STRUCTURAL CLT CERAMIC CLADDING WALL SYSTEM SYSTEM R-7.5 RIGID R-7.5 INSULATION
A
EXISTING CONCRETE STRUCTURE
AIR BARRIER 20' - 1 1/2"
EXISTING CONCRETE STRUCTURE
DAYCARE - MEZZ 10' - 0" FLOOR THIRD 36' - 4"
B STRUCTURAL CLT FLOOR SYSTEM
C 1
2
3
4
5
ALUM CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM
B.9 6
7
8
9
10
C.7
EXPANSION JOINT
D D.3
E F
16' - 2 1/2"
UP
EXISTING MASONRY, STEEL, WD TRUSS STRUCTURE
G
EXISTING STEEL STRUCTURE
EXISTING MASONRY, STEEL, WD TRUSS STRUCTURE
CRUSHED STONE
FIRST FLOOR 0' - 0" R-10 FOUNDATION INSULATION 2'-0" LGM FRAMING W/ VERT. AND HORIZ. BATT INSULATION STRUCTURAL CERAMIC CONCRETE CLADDING SYSTEM FOUNDATION R-7.5 RIGID INSULATION
structural parti
STRUCTURAL CLT FLOOR SYSTEM
SECOND FLOOR 20' - 1 1/2"
CONCRETE SLAB ON GRADE
EXISTING FOUNDATION
final review
e
u ven on a
isi mad YORK FAIRGROUNDS
1 2
11
VEHICLE ENTRANCE
2
tenant PARKING
3
DAYCARE DROPOFF/PICKUP
4
PLAYGROUND
5
VISITOR PARKING
6
OUTDOOR cafe SEATING
7
fred
8
ginger
9
the “bar”
10
DELIVERIES/MAINT.
11
FUTURE ROWHOMES
12
VEHICLE EXIT
e enu d av n a l h . ric
2
1
n
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5
4
venue linden a
10 6
3 7
12
n. r
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ich lan d av enu
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9
western maryland rail line
site PLAN
final review
stair b
2-br unit
2-br unit commons 2-br unit
playground
mech. mentoring stair a
e stor. kit.
lobby
kit.
mailroom
breakrm
lobby group
classrm
classrm
classrm
bike stor
cafe
office
reception
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
work services
final review stair b
2-br unit
2-br unit
1-br unit
1-br unit
1-br unit circulation 1-br unit
1-br unit 1-br unit
stair a
e
1-br unit
1-br unit roof below 2-br unit
typical upper floor plan
stair b
3-br loft
3-br loft
2-br loft
2-br loft
2-br loft
commons/ circulation
2-br loft
2-br loft
stair a
future daycare expansion
laundry
2-br loft
e
rooftop garden
lounge/ breakout space
open to below open office
communal dining
PLAN axon
second floor plan
open office
final review
east elevation
north elevation
2
1
3
4
west elevation
south elevation
final review
southeast approach
as you approach this beautiful monster, your eyes are drawn to the many masses and materials of this affordable housing. the new construction built on fred acts as a beacon with its orange and white terracotta cladding. pockets of space for gathering are evident throughout the adaptive reuse housing, from roof top gardens to streetside cafes.
connective rooftop view
atrium (ginger)
bar entry
commons (ginger)
final review the final design for this adaptive reuse affordable housing connects new and old. the use of wood cladding on ginger creates a sense of warmth against the existing concrete structure. the plug and play units are integral to the facade. expansive windows overlook the fairgrounds and york city. the bar acts as an visible connection to the its industrial past. new materials wrap fred to highlight new and old. connective tissue cushions the meeting of both fred and ginger. northeast approach
northwest approach
northwest entrance + daycare
PROBLEM
SOLUTION
HOW CAN NEW AND ADAPTIVE REUSE REVITALIZE A BLIGHTED INDUSTRIAL SITE AND SURROUNDING NEIGHBORHOOD?
DESIGN THAT BENEFITS AND MEETS NEEDS THE SURROUNDING COMMUNITY, IN THIS CASE, ITS AFFORDABLE HOUSING WITH MENTORING AND SUPPORT SERVICES, AND DAYCARE FOR ITS RESIDENTS AND COMMUNITY. BY REUSING BLIGHTED BUILDING IT WILL CREATE ACTIVITY THAT WILL OVERFLOW THE SURROUNDING COMMUNITY. BY BLENDING OLD AND NEW ELEMENTS IT CREATES A LINK TO THE PAST AND BRINGS A SENSE OF HOPE FOR THE FUTURE.
final review feedback * * * * *
the organization of this design has really come together with the naming of the two grain elevators, fred and ginger. site could be developed more. (i agree) the parti is evident throughout the design there is some chaos with the material selections (I disagree - orange terracotta was meant to be beacon on fred) green roofs are lacking in drawings (i agree, due to time)
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the final two comparison views of before/after are very compelling and sell the project. a ton of these types of comparative views could have been made. leaves you wanting more. in the end, despite some loose ends, the project has come together.