VIBRANCY COMES FROM
PEOPLE
ART
BRENNA MARCH
TRADIT
UTAMADUNI THESIS ADVISOR: MICHAEL MCCLOSKEY
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
IN A REGION IMMERSED IN ECONOMIC STRATIFICATION; CULTURE, ART AND HISTORY IS A COMMON VALUE THAT TIES PEOPLE OF ALL BACKGROUNDS TOGETHER. THIS PROJECT AIMS TO CREATE AN ATMOSPHERE THAT CELEBRATES THE VIBRANCY AND PASSION OF THE SWAHILI CULTURE IN ORDER TO PROMOTE INTERACTION, UNDERSTANDING, AND FACILITATE ECONOMIC GROWTH FOR LOWER INCOME SWAHILI PEOPLE IN DAR ES SALAAM, TANZANIA.
KAOLE RUINS, BAGAMOYO
CAPITALISM
SOCIALISM
1990
1967
1961
1919
GERMAN BRITISH RULE RULE 75,000 TREATY OF KILLED VERSAILLES FROM MILITARY AND LACK OF FOOD
1886
OMAN COLONIZATION OF ZANZIBAR. TURNS IN MAIN SLAVE TRADE LOCATION.
INDEPENDENCE
EARLIEST ISLAMIC RUNES, BEGAN TRADE WITH CHINA
16TH CENTURY
BANTU TRIBES BEGIN TRADE WITH ARABS, CREATING SWAHILI CULTURE. EARLIEST SETTLEMENT SHANGA
13TH CENTURY
8TH CENTURY
28,000 BC
FIRST REMINANTS OF STONE AGE ROCK ART FOUND AT MT. KILIMANJARO
DEMOGRAPHICS
AREA OF STUDY
IG
HT
T
H LIG
FL
RF
R
OU
OU
1H
2H
1.5 HOUR FLIG
HT
DAR ES SALAAM IS LOCATED ON THE EASTERN COAST OF TANZANIA ON THE INDIAN OCEAN. ALTHOUGH SWAHILI IS SPOKEN IN TRIBES ALONG THE ENTIRE EASTERN COAST OF AFRICA, TANZANIA IS THE ONLY COUNTRY THAT SWAHILI IS THE NATIONAL LANGUAGE.
20 MIN FLIGHT OR 2 HR FERRY
KEY: AMOUNT OF SWAHILI LEAST
GREATEST
ZANZIBAR ISLAND CAPITAL MT. KILIMANJARO MAIN SAFARIS/LAKE VICTORIA
TANZANIA HAS HAD ITS UPS AND DOWN. AS THE LEADER OF THE GOLD TRADE AND IVORY TRADE WITH CHINA AND INDIAN COUNTRIES, THE SWAHILI AND IN PARTICULAR THE SHANGA SETTLEMENT WERE AT THE FOREFRONT OF TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION DEVELOPING A UNIQUE CULTURE THAT WEAVED TRADITIONAL BANTU CUSTOMS WITH THE MUSLIM IDEALS OF ARAB COUNTRIES. THROUGH COLONIZATION AND THE SLAVE TRADE THEY LOST THE MAJORITY OF THEIR POWER AND THE UNWRITTEN HISTORY AND EDUCATION, BUT THE SWAHILI LANGUAGE AND TRADITION NEVER CEASED TO CONTINUE.
RELIGION
ECONOMY
TOURISM -17.5% of GDP Largest industry in Tanzania -25% of foreign currency earning -Employs 11% of countries labor force -12.9% increase in tourism from 2015-2016
-130 TRIBES - EVERY PERSON IN TANZANIA IS A MEMBER OF A TRIBE - 5.116 MILLION PEOPLE - 1/3 OF POPULATION IN AN URBAN SETTING - 2/3 OF RESIDENTS ARE UNDER 25 YEARS OLD
-64.1 % CHRISTIAN - 35.2 % MULSIM - 3.4% OTHER
- 47% SERVICE - 29% AGRICULTURE - 24% INDUSTRY - 47% OF THE POPULATION IS BELOW THE POVERTY LINE - 12 MILLION PEOPLE EARN LESS THAN US $.60 / DAY - LESS THAN 20% OF PEOPLE HAVE ACCESS TO BANKING
MICROFINANCE Microfinance: financial services to low income client Targets poor: collateral-free low interest microcredit and loans Urban activities: shopkeepers, service providers, artisans, street vendors 3 Categories: NGO - non-governmental organizations Most prominent in Tanzania: Pride TZ FINCA SEDA PTF Banking institutions Most Prominent: National Microfinance Bank (NMB) CRDB bank Akiba Commercial Bank Cooperative based Institutions - provide savings based services that are not regulated by the Bank of Tanzania Most Prominent: Small Industries Development Organization (SIDO) YOSEFO SELFFINA Tanzania Gatsby Trust Poverty Africa Zanzibar based Women Development Trust Fund
49%
30% SWAHILI HOUSE
EXISTING SITE CONDITIONS
70% COST $480 WEALTHY FAMILY 30% SWAHILI HOUSE 70%
WEALTHY FAMILY HOUSE SF $27,600
PEOPLE
$600,000
1 FAMILY
15,600 SQFT
$34,000
6 FAMILIES
970 SQFT 120 SQFT/FAMILY
51%
EXISTING SITE CONDITIONS RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL MAIN ROAD
1 WEALTHY FAMILY = 121 POOR FAMILIES
WATER
GOVERNMENT EDUCATION RELIGIOUS
WEALTH PER CAPITA WEALTH PER CAPITA PEOPLE WHO LIVE IN INFORMAL TANZANIA GLOBAL AVERAGE SETTLEMENTS
UNDER THE POVERTY LINE
INSTITUTIONAL
MASAKI
10.5 MILLION TANZANIA51% 49%
PEOPLE WHO LIVE IN INFORMAL RURAL SETTLEMENTS
2 MILLION
SWAHILI HOUSE WEALTHY FAMILY HOUSE COST WEALTHY FAMILY SWAHILI HOUSE
PEOPLE
$600,000
1 FAMILY COST
WEALTHY $600,000 $34,000 FAMILY SWAHILI HOUSE
$34,000
49%
SF
SWAHILI HOUSE
15,600 WEALTHY FAMILYSQFT HOUSE
PEOPLE 1 FAMILY
6 FAMILIES
6 FAMILIES
51%
MSASANI
URBAN AREAS
MIKOCHENI
250 THOUSAND
MWENGE
1 WEALTHY FAMILY = 121 POOR FAMILIES
KITJITONYAMA
SF 15,600 SQFT
1 WEALTHY FAMILY = 121 POOR FAMILIES
970 SQFT 120 SQFT/FAMILY
REGION
MASAKI PENINSULA
$480
TOURISM REGION PRICE
970 SQFT 120 SQFT/FAMILY
$$$
LIFESTYLE
TOURISM/ RENTALS FOR FOREIGN DIPLOMATS
KEY FEATURE
COST
PEOPLE
SF
WEALTHY FAMILY
$600,000
1 FAMILY
15,600 SQFT
SWAHILI HOUSE
$34,000
FEATURED:
1. MWANANYAMALA
2. TENDALE
6 FAMILIES
PRICE
$
LIFESTYLE
MIDDLE/
30%
$27,600
MWANAYAMALA
70%
OYSTER BAY KINONDONI
TANDALE RESORTS AND BEACHES
WEALTH PER CAPITA WEALTH PER CAPITA PEOPLE WHO LIVE IN INFORMAL TANZANIA GLOBAL AVERAGE SETTLEMENTS
49% 10.5 MILLION
SWAHILI REGION SWAHILI HOUSE REGION WEALTHY FAMILY HOUSE
RESIDENTIAL
DAR ES SALAAM
KEY FEATURE
~SWAHILI
1 LOWER WEALTHYCLASS FAMILY =HOUSES 121 POOR FAMILIES
~STRONG SENSE OF COMMUNITY
970 SQFT 120 SQFT/FAMILY
51%
HANNA NASSIF
COMMERCIAL DENSITY
UPANGA KIVUKONI
RURAL TANZANIA
2 MILLION
JANGWANI
URBAN AREAS
KARIAKOO
250 THOUSAND DAR ES SALAAM
KISUTU GREEN SPACE
30%
CITY CENTER REGION
PRICE
LIFESTYLE
KEY FEATURE
70%
PEOPLE WHO LIVE IN INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS
BUS STOP BUS ROUTE ROADS TRANSPORTATION
49% SWAHILI HOUSE
51%
SCHEMATIC DESIGN
SITE PLANNING
THE LIFESTYLE OF THE SWAHILI PEOPLE IS BASED OFF OF WORKING TOGETHER TO SUCCEED. THE SWAHILI HOUSE WHERE 6 FAMILIES SHARE A HOME WITH A COMMON VERANDA GENERATES THIS MENTALITY OF SHARING AND WORKING TOGETHER. IN THE INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS EVERYONE IS LOOKING OUT FOR EACH OTHER, SHARING MEALS AND MAKING SURE NO ONE GETS LEFT BEHIND. THE DESIGN AIMS TO CONTINUE THIS FEELING. WHEN CONSIDERING THE VERTICALITY OF THE SITE, I WAS INSPIRED BY ONE OF THE MAKONDE WOOD CARVINGS, UJAMMA, THE TREE OF LIFE. THIS SCULPTURE REPRESENTS THE FAMILY AND HOW YOU HAVE TO BUILD OFF OF YOUR FAMILY AND THEY PROVIDE THE STRENGTH TO HELP YOU SUCCEED. THE CONCEPT OF THE DESIGN IS TO INTEGRATE THE DIFFERENT CULTURE BASED PROGRAMS IN ORDER FOR VISITORS TO EXPERIENCE THE TRADITIONS AND VIBRANCY OF THE SWAHILI.
2=
CLAN 2
2 = CENTRAL ENCLOSURE CLAN 7
ILD
ING
4= SACRED FIG
DEME B CLAN 3
3 = QUE S MO
1 = E OF E TR D = PERFORMANCE
CLAN 5
CLAN 4 DEME C
E
LIF
7= PREFORM
5=FOOD
CLAN 6
6= TRADES
DEME D
BU
3= WOOD
CLAN 1
2= PAINTING
1= JEWELRY
DEME A 3 = OUTER ENCLOSURE
B = SPIRITUAL
A = WORKSHOP
3 = SITE C = MARKETS
SHANGA SETTLEMENT
MY SITE PLAN
2 = CENTRAL ENCLOSURE CLAN 7
3 = QUE S MO
CLAN 3
CIRCULATION IS CLAN 4 A DERIVED FROM TYPICAL TINGA TINGA C GIRAFFE DEME PAINTING. USING THE MULTIPLE LEGS TO FILTER SHANGA PEOPLESETTLEMENT INTO THE SITE.
CIRCULATION CIRCULATION
3= WOOD
ING
4= SACRED FIG
DEME B
CLAN 5
TINGA GIRAFFE TINGA TINGATINGA GIRAFFE
ILD
1 = E OF E TR
E
LIF
7= PREFORM
TINGA TINGA
5=FOOD
CLAN 6
BU
6= TRADES
DEME D
2=
CLAN 2
2= PAINTING
CLAN 1
D = PERFORMANCE
3 = OUTER ENCLOSURE
1= JEWELRY
DEME A
B = SPIRITUAL
A = WORKSHOP
3 = SITE C = MARKETS
MY SITE PLAN
THE OVERALL PROGRAMMATIC LAYOUT I BASED OFF OF THE HISTORIC SHANGA SETTLEMENT, THE PRINCIPLE LAYOUT WAS BASED AROUND THREE AREAS OF VARYING IMPORTANCE.
JEWELRY AND BEADING
-MOST COMMON PAINTING STYLE
-MOST COMMON JEWELRY IS BEADED
-BRUSH AND OIL COLORS CARTOON STYLE
-ALSO WORK WITH WOOD CARVING, STONE, BONES, AND METAL
-EACH PAINTING PORTRAYS A STORY. MOST OF THE STORIES ILLUSTRATE THE NATURAL BEAUTY OF TANZANIA AND EMPHASIZE THE IMPORTANCE OF PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT
WOOD CARVING
-MAKONDE AFRICAN WOOD CARVINGS
DANCE
-TANZANIA HAS RECENTLY HAD AN INFLUX IN CONTEMPORARY DANCE -INSPIRED BY TRIBAL MYTHS COMBINING MANY GENRES. AND FABLES -ALSO THERE ARE TRIBAL DANCES -ABOVE IS THE TREE OF LIFE, ACCUSTOMED TO OR UJAMAA, DEPICTS THE DIFFERENT TRIBES IN THE COUNTRY. HUMAN FIGURES CLIMBING AND HOLDING EACH OTHER TO SHOW THE SUPPORT OVER GENERATIONS.
PRECEDENT ANALYSIS
VERTICAL STUDIES
LIBRARY OF BIRMINGHAM
A VERTICAL FARM FOR SANDIEGO
VERTICAL STREET CITY
VERTICAL FISH MARKET
ARCHITECT: MECANOO
ARCHITECT: BRANDON MARTELLA
LOCATION: BIRMINGHAM UNITED KINGDOM
LOCATION: SAN DIEGO, USA
ARCHITECT: Sergiy Prokof`yev, Arsenii Kuznetsov, Oleksandr Garashchenko
ARCHITECT: Roman Agreiter and Andreas Perkmann Berger
YEAR: 2013
PROGRAM: 1. VERTICAL FARM 2. RESIDENTIAL TOWER
ARCHIVE
PROGRAM: 1. LIBRARY 2. EDUCATION 3. PERFORMANCE
ARCHIVE
ARCHIVE
KEY FEATURES: THE BUILDINGS PURPOSE IT TO PROVIDE A MONUMENTAL, CULTURAL AND ENTERTAINMENT BASED EXPERIENCE. IT IS SET TO CREATE CONNECTIONS IN THIS HISTORICAL SQUARE. THE EIGHT ROTUNDAS THROUGHOUT THE BUILDING FORCE CIRCULATION AND FORCE THE CONNECTION THROUGH DIFFERENT USES OF THE BUILDING
ARCHIVE
8TH FLOOR
7TH FLOOR
8TH FLOOR
6TH FLOOR
7TH FLOOR 5TH FLOOR
THEATER
GREEN SPACE MAINTANIENCE
PUBLIC
ARCHIVES EDUCATION
4TH FLOOR 6TH FLOOR
3RD FLOOR
5TH FLOOR 2ND FLOOR
1ST FLOOR
THEATER
GREEN SPACE
MAINTANIENCE
PUBLIC
ARCHIVES EDUCATION
4TH FLOOR
GROUND FLOOR
3RD FLOOR BASEMENT
2ND FLOOR
1ST FLOOR
LOCATION: ODESSA CITY, UKRAINE
PROGRAM: FISH MARKET RESTAURANTS RADIO STATION
MID REVIEW
MID REVIEW
PROGRAM
MASSING STUDIES
PERFORMANCE
EDUCATION
THEATER
1050 SF
OFFICES
REHEARSAL
600 SF
WORKSHOP
DRESSING ROOM
450 SF
STORAGE
100 SF
COLLABORATION SPACE
2000 SF
CLASSROOM
800 SF
600 SF
(1) WOOD (1) JEWELRY (1) PAINTING
1000 SF 1000 SF 1000 SF
MARKET
WORKSHOP
MARKETS
6000 SF
GALLERIES
900 SF
WOOD CARVING (2) WORKSHOP 3000 SF
STORAGE
1000 SF
(1) GALLERY STORAGE
600 SF 350 SF
JEWELRY SF
(1) BEAD WORKSHOP (1) STONE WORKSHOP
1500 SF 500
(1) WOOD WORKSHOP (3) STORAGE
500 SF 500 SF
PAINTING
TOTAL W/ SERVICE: 43,875 SF
(1) TINGA TINGA 1250 SF (1) KNIFE PAINTING 1250 SF (1) CONTEMPORARY 750 SF
MASSING
TRADES
PROGRAM
KEY:
MARKETS/GALLERIES WORKSHOPS EDUCATION PERFORMANCE SERVICE / CIRCULATION
CIRCULATION WORKER
CIRCULATION VISITOR
CIRCULATION OVERLAP
MID REVIEW
MOVING FORWARD
MASSING PROGRESS
REACTIONS TO MIDREVIEW: 1. INCLUDE MORE PRECEDENTS OF VERTICALITY - VERTICAL STREET CITY - VERTICAL FARM SAN DIEGO 2. RESEARCH ECONOMY - ECONOMY IN DAR ES SALAAM - TOURISM INDUSTRY - MICRO ECONOMY 3. FORM: - SHOULD THE CENTER BE EVEN MORE SYMBOLIC AND SCULPTURAL, USED LESS 4. PROGRAM - GRAPHICALLY REPRESENT THE WORK / MARKET BETTER - PERFORMANCE SPACE INCLUSION
THE DESIGN TRANSFORMED FROM A CENTRAL CIRCULATION “TREE” THAT CREATED VIEWS INTO DIFFERENT PROGRAMMATIC ELEMENTS AND THEN I INVERTED IT IN ORDER TO HAVE THE PROGRAM ON THE INTERIOR OF THE BUILDING WITH EXTERIOR RAMPING THAT LEISURELY LEADS YOU THROUGH THE SPACES. BY FACILITATING THIS FIGURE 8 OF RAMPING YOU ARE LEAD THROUGH DIFFERENT PERFORMANCE AREAS, MARKETS, GALLERY SPACES, WORKSHOPS IN ORDER TO GET FIRST HAND EXPERIENCES OF WHAT IS MADE AND EDUCATION AREAS.
CIRCULATION
N
W
S
CIRCULATION VS. PROGRAM
E
MODEL PROCESS
ANGLED PER SUNLIGHT
CORE WALL
MAIN ENTRY VS. FORM
FORM VS. CORE
FORM WITH RAMPING
BUILDING SYSTEMS
REINFORCED FLAT SLAB CONSTRUCTION
CONSIDERING THE COMPLEXITY OF THE EXTERIOR RAMPING, A LARGE PORTION OF THE FORM AND FENESTRATION IS CONTROLLED BY THE STRUCTURE. THE CORE OF THE STRUCTURE IS BASED OFF OF REINFORCED CONCRETE FLAT SLAB CONSTRUCTION WITH CONCRETE COLUMNS ON A 30 FOOT GRID. THE CORE SPACES SUCH AS ELEVATORS, STAIRWAYS, RESTROOMS, MECHANICAL SPACES, AND STORAGE ARE POURED CONCRETE THAT WILL HELP ENFORCE THE SHEAR STRENGTH. SEEING AS CONCRETE IS THE TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION TYPE IN THE AREA IT IS BOTH THE MOST ECONOMICAL AND ACCESSIBLE CONSTRUCTION FOR DESIGN. IN ORDER TO SUPPORT THE RAMPING, THE 6” CONCRETE SLABS WITH TURN DOWN BEAMS ON EITHER SIDE ARE SUPPORTED BY ANGLED GLULAM COLUMNS THAT CONNECT TO THE SLAB TWO STORIES BELOW. AT THE MAIN RAMPING FLOORS, THESE COLUMNS ARE HUGGED BY CONCRETE BEAMS ON EITHER SIDE WITH ANOTHER SECONDARY BEAM AT THE SLAB BELOW. THE DOUBLE CONCRETE BEAMS ALSO WORK TO SUPPORT THE EXTERIOR MARKETS AND SEATING AREAS. DUE TO THE CLIMATE IN THE AREA, WITH TEMPERATURES AVERAGING FROM THE 70S-80S YEAR ROUND WITH LOW RAINFALL THE BUILDING IS RELYING ON NATURAL VENTILATION. THE STAINLESS STEEL MESH FACADE SYSTEM ALLOWS FOR CROSS VENTILATION WITH HELP FROM INTERIOR SHAFTS AND LARGE CEILING FANS TO CIRCULATE AIR.
REINFORCED CONCRETE RAMP WITH TURN DOWN BEAMS EXTERIOR DECKING FRAMING FOR EXTERIOR DECK DOUBLE BEAMS INTERSECT COLUMNS ANGLED COLUMNS TO SUPPORT RAMPS
AVERAGE TEMPERATURES
(FARHENHEIT)
80
GLULAM DETAIL
70 60
DEC.
OCT.
DEC.
SEPT.
NOV.
AUG.
NOV.
SEPT.
OCT.
AUG.
JULY
JUNE
MAY
APR.
MAR.
FEB.
JAN.
RAINFALL
(INCHES)
6 5 4 3 2 1 JULY
JUNE
MAY
APR.
MAR.
FEB.
JAN.
VENTILATION
FRAMING DIAGRAM
WALL SECTION
SECTION PERSPECTIVE
FINAL DRAWINGS
PROGRAM INDOOR MARKET
WORKSHOP
FOOD VENDORS
OFFICES
PERFORMANCE
DN
DN
DN
S
UP
UP S
OUTDOOR MARKET
EDUCATION
GALLERY
SERVICE
CIRCULATION
6TH FLOOR
12TH FLOOR
UP
UP
UP
UP
DN DN
DN DN
S
S
5TH FLOOR
MWENGE WOODCARVERS DN
UP
UP
DN DN S
UP
UP
4TH FLOOR
10TH FLOOR UP
UP
UP
UP
DN DN
DN
S S
3RD FLOOR
9TH FLOOR
UP
UP
DN
DN DN
S S
UP
UP
2ND FLOOR
8TH FLOOR
UP
UP
UP
UP
DN DN
S S
KIVUKONI FISH MARKET
S
KARIAKOO MARKET
11TH FLOOR
DN
1ST FLOOR
7TH FLOOR
FINAL DRAWINGS
FINAL DRAWINGS
TYPICAL MARKET PLAN
TYPICAL FOOD MARKET PLAN
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
TYPICAL WORKSHOP AND EDUCATIONAL PLAN
PLANS
PLANS
FINAL PRESENTATION
FINAL DRAWINGS BAMBOO RAILING 6ft: 80%
6FT : 80% TRANSPARENCY
GLULAM ANGLED COLUMNS
3ft: 20%
6FT : 20% TRANSPARENCY
PERFORATED METAL SCREEN PERFORATED STEEL MESH WALL
RAILING
REINFORCED CONCRETE SLABS/RAMPS
MATERIALITY
PERFORATED METAL SCREEN
THROUGHOUT THE YEAR MY MAIN GOAL WAS TO TRY TO CREATE A SPACE WHERE BOTH TOURISTS AND LOCAL SWAHILI PEOPLE WOULD BOTH BE COMFORTABLE USING IT AND COULD HELP WITH THE ECONOMIC ISSUES IN THE AREA. THIS IDEA TURNED OUT TO BE MORE INVOLVED THAN I FIRST IMAGINED, FROM LOCATION TO PROGRAM MY INITIAL IDEAS CHANGED BASED OFF OF THE RESEARCH. MY DESIGN TRANSFORMED FROM A MARKET PLACE THAT SUPPORTED A SCHOOL INTO A CELEBRATION OF CUTURE. MY BIGGEST TAKE AWAY FROM THE FINAL PRESENTATION WAS TO CONSIDER INCLUDING DOUBLE HEIGHT SPACES IN ORDER TO CREATE MEETING PLACES THAT DRAWS PEOPLE IN WITH A PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON THE TOP FLOOR TO ENSURE THE THE ENTIRE BUILDING IS BEING USED.