SPRINGFIELD’S BIOPHILIC
H
I
KARLENE RAINES
G
|
H
DREXEL UNIVERSITY
S
|
C
ADV. KATIE BROH
H
|
O
O
PEARSON FINALIST
L
|
2019
BIOPHILIA:
“the urge to affiliate with other forms of life� W hen Bi op hi lia is in c o r po r at e d in t o a r c h it ect ur e i t cr ea t es s p a ces t ha t fi t s t he hum a n d es i r e t o co nnect - Edward Wilson wi th other for ms o f lif e by c r e a t in g o r mimic k i ng exp er i ences fo und i n na t ur e. I t s p r es ence ha s num er o us b enefi ci al i mp a c t s o n t h o s e w h o ar e e x po s ed t o i t , es p eci a l l y s t ud ent s . S t ud i es ha v e s ho w n t ha t B i o p hi l ic desi gn has i nc r e a s e d s t u d e n t s ’ a c ad e mic pe r fo r m a nce, hea l t h a nd w el l b ei ng . S p r i ng fi el d ’ s B i o p hi l i c H i gh Schoo l e xp lo re s a B io philic de sign ap p roach that creates a u n iq u e a c ad e mic an d pu blic a t m o s p her e fo r i t s s t ud ent s , t ea cher s , a nd a l s o s ur r o und i n g co mmunit y . B y incorp o rating B io p hilia into the school ’ s c u r r ic u lu m s t u d e n t s ar e pr o v id ed w i t h a b r o a d er r a ng e o f a ca d em i c o p p o r t uni t i es a nd l earning e nviro nme nts t hat e nrich t he stude nt s’ educati on and a ls o lif e .
CONCEPTION OF THESIS PROJECT
- T owns hi p h a s b e e n w o r k i n g o n r e d e s i g n i n g a n e w h i g h s ch o o l fo r a b o u t t he pa s t 1 0 y e a r s - O pport unit y t o r e d e s i g n t h e h i g h s ch o o l my o w n w a y t o fi t w i t h i n t h e c ont e xt a nd n e e d s o f t h e t o w n - E xpl ore ho w B i o p h i l i a ca n b e i n co r p o r a t e d i n t o a ca d e mi c p r o g r a m t o c re a t e a uni q u e l e a r n i n g e n v i r o n me n t t h a t a l s o t i e s i n t o o p p o r t u n i t i e s fo r t he c om m unit y t o e n g a g e / a ct i v a t e t h e s ch o o l s i t e
HISTORY OF SPRINGFIELD HIGH SCHOOL - B ui l t i n 1 9 31 - 8 3 y e a rs o l d , t y p i ca l h i g h s ch o o l i n U S i s 42 y e a r s o l d - C urre nt l y s e r v e s a b o u t 1300 s t u d e n t s
EXISTING SITE PLAN VIEW
EXISTING FRONT ENTRANCE
EXISTING SITE CONDITIONS / ANALYSIS
1. .$1"
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1
0$+$ . + 9
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7 " + 00 ."/
PROJECT INTRODUCTION & SITE ANALYSIS
ZONING MAP A
PROPOSED PROGRAM BREAKDOWN
B
PERFORMING ARTS ATHLETICS 22,275 FT2 | 16%
ADMIN.
22,170 FT2 | 16%
NURSE
FOOD
LEARNING CM.
BUS./COMP.
ART
FOOD SC.
5,400 FT2 | 4% 1,800 FT2 | 1% 12,150 FT2 | 9%
8,100 FT2 | 6%
B AR RE
8’
’ 20
DE
SI
CLASSROOMS
27,000 FT2 | 19.4% T ON FR
DE SI
SCIENCE
GROUP INST.
SCIENCE PREP
SPECIAL ED.
13,500 FT2 | 9.7%
3,600 FT2 | 2.6%
2,700 FT2 | 1.9%
5,400 FT2 | 3.9%
1,350 FT2 | 0.97%
’ 15
’ 30
B
C 100% site area = 1,073,311 ft2
900 FT2 | 0.65%
40% site area = 429,324.4 ft2
3,150 FT2 | 2.27%
TECHNOLOGY
8,550 FT2 | 6.15%
PRESCHOOL
900 FT2 | 0.65%
Pro gram are as b roke n do wn acco rding t o siz e ne e de d for e ach sp ace . A re as have b e e n b ase d off o f t he e xist ing H .S. co ndit ions b ut have b e e n adjust e d t o fit with the ne e ds of a B io p hilic de sign.
SITE PATHWAYS
GATHERING ZONES
ATRIUMS
AQUAPONICS LAB
BUILDING AND SITE AMENITIES
COVERED BLEACHERS
Si te i s l oca t e d in Z o n e B o f S pr in g f iel d Townshi p , D e law a r e C o u n t y
In addi ti on t o t ypic al h ig h s c h o o l bu ild in g a nd s i t e r eq ui r em ent s , a d d i t i o na l a m eni t i es w er e i nco r p o r a te d int o t he de sign t o e mp hasiz e B iop hilic de sign p ri nci p l es t h at pr o v id e d n u me r o u s u s e s a nd b enefi t s t o t he s t ud ent s , t ea cher s a nd co m m uni t y .
PROGRAMMING
2
UMWELTBUNDESAMT
LOCATION: DESSAU, GERMANY ARCH: SAUERBRUCH HUTTON
NINE BRIDGES COUNTRY CLUB
LOCATION: SOUTH KOREA ARCH: SHIGERU BAN ARCHITECTS
CAL. ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
LOCATION: SAN FRANCISCO, CA ARCH: RENZO PIANO
IMPACT ON PROJECT
IMPACT ON PROJECT
IMPACT ON PROJECT
- I was l ucky e n o u g h t o t a k e a t o u r o f t h is b ui l di ng duri ng my Be r lin s t u d y a br o ad t r ip i n J une 2018 a n d w as imme d iat e ly blo w n away b y ev e r y a s pe c t o f t h is bu ild in g , mostl y i ts’ i nd o o r /o u t d o o r r e la t io n s h ip
- T he m a i n i ns p i r a t i o n t ha t I t o o k a w a y fr o m a na l y z i ng t hi s b ui l d i ng w a s t he co l um ns a nd cei l i ng s t r uct ur e
- W he n I visite d t his muse um a fe w summe rs ago I was thrille d to visit t he roo f and se e first hand how it was int e grat e d wit h the e ntire b uilding b e ne at h it , I was also imp re sse d with it s nume rous functions and p urp ose s for the o ve rall b uilding de sign and want e d t o inco rp o rate a similar ide a with my own ro o f
- T he atri um s pac e c r e at e d a n a ma zin g op p ortuni ty t o le t lig h t in , allo w pla n t s t o grow and crea t e o ppo r t u n it ie s f o r pe o ple t o gather, s omet h in g I w a n t e d t o in c o r po r at e i nto my own p r o je c t - The use of w o o d w alls a n d pe bble d f lo o r s i nfl uenced my ma t e r ial s e le c t io n , t h e n at u r al materi al s enh an c e d o n e ’ s e x pe r ie n c e o f feel i ng outsi de
3
CASE STUDIES
T he t r ee i ns p i r ed co l um ns s ea m l es s l y b l end ed i nt o t he g eo m et r i c p a t t er ened cei l i ng w hi ch m i m i ck ed a t r ee ca no p y - I a l s o s t ud i ed t he p r o p o r t i o ns o f t he t r ee co l um ns i n r el a t i o n t o t he b ui l d i ng ’ s m a s s a nd fl o o r el ev a t i o ns w hi ch a l s o i nfl uenced m y p r o j ect
- Similar to this b uillding’s ro o f, I also inco rp o rate d gre e n roo fs, so lar p ane ls, undulating surface s to mimic a landscap e , nat ural ve ntilat ion co mp o ne nt s and also cre ate d a strong re lat ionship b e t we e n it se lf and what was b e ne ath it to e nhance the p ro gram of t hat are a
BIOPHILIC DESIGN PATTERNS NATURE IN THE SPACE
-
Visual con n ection w ith nature Non -visu al connection w ith nature Non -rh th mic sensory stimu li Th ermal an d airflow variability P r esence of w ater D yn amic and Diffuse ligh t Co nnection w ith natural systems
N AT U R E A N A LO G U E S
-
NATURE OF THE S PAC E
Biom orphic form s and patterns Material connection with nature Complexity and order
-
Pros p e c t Re fu ge M y s t e ry Ri s k/ Pe ri l
BIOPHILIC BENEFITS
D A Y LIG H T IN G
P LANTS
I n 1 9 9 6 s t u d y , d a y l i g h t i n g s h ow n t o r e d u c e n u m ber o f s t ud e nt a b s e nc e s b y ab o ut 3 . 2 - 3 . 9 d a y s p er s t ud e nt , t h u s r e d u c i n g a m ou n t o f t a x m o n e y w as t e d
Trials have found that plants in c l a s s r o o m s c a n l e a d t o im p r ov e d p e r f o r m a n c e in s p e llin g , m a t h e m a t ic s a n d s c ie n c e of 1 0 - 1 4 %
C h i l d r e n pro g r e s s e d t h r o ug h s c h o o l c ur r i c ul a 2 0 2 6 % f a s t er wh e n l e a r n i n g i n d a y l i t e n v i r o n m e n t s
A s t u d y h a s s h o w n a 1 3 % in c r e a s e in s t u d e n t a t t e n t ion a l f u n c t ion in r oo m s wit h v ie ws of n a t u r e a s o p p o s e d t o views of built space and windowless rooms
Day l i g h t i ng h a s b e e n p r ov e n t o i nc r e a s e te s t s c o re s b et we e n 5 - 1 4 % , h i g h e r p e r c e n t a g e w a s w he n s t u d e n t s w e r e e x p o s e d t o d a y l i g h t i n g a n d di r e c t vi e w s of n a t u r e
W E LL BE ING A s t u d y s howe d tha t the r e wa s a s ig n if ic an tly le s s amo u n t o f s t r e s s in c hild r e n w ith hig h le v e ls o f n atu r e n e ar by compa r e d t o t h o s e with compa r itiv e ly low le v e ls of na tur e ne a r by N a t u r e s u pplie s s o c ial s u ppo r t for child r e n a s the y inte r a ct w i t h o t h e r s in s ha r e d na tur a l s pa ce s W h e n child r e n be come e ng a g e d in na tur e , the ir n e u r al m e c h a n i s ms ar e allo w e d to r e s t an d r e c o v e r . A tte ntiona l r e s t o r a t ion is cr itica l for child r e n. W ithout it, child r e n will i n c r e a s i n g ly r e s pond to d is tr a cting s timuli, e x pe r ie nce g r e a te r l o s s o f f ocus , a nd ha v e d ifficulty ma na g ing d a ily ta s ks .
BIOPHILIC RESEARCH
4
L ESUSTAINABILITY ED V4 leed v4
BIOPHILIA
COMMUNITY
EDUCATION
Encourages maximizing daylight which has multiple positive influences on users
Encourages providing opportunities for community involvement and advocacy via open spaces
Incorporating sustainable systems presents multiple learning opportunities
Values open space which encourages more opportunities to be directly connected with nature Reducing heat island affect via green roofs which also promotes more exposure to nature on site
5
SUSTAINABILITY STATEMENT
Reduced energy needs reduces community’s taxes to support school’s energy, may be able to outsource energy created on-site to nearby homes
Natural systems allows for a wide range of learning: science, art, physical education, language arts, etc.
biophilic
“a connection to experiences found in nature within a built environment”
harmony
organic
“the quality of forming a pleasing and
“relating to or derived from living matter”
node
“a point at which lines or pathways intersect or branch; a central or connecting point” “the part of a plant stem from which one or more leaves emerge, often forming a slight swelling or knob”
wayfinding
“refers to information systems that guide people through a physical environment and enhance their understanding and experience of the space”
colony
“a community of animals or plants of one kind living close together or forming a physically connected structure”
refuge
“shelter or protection from danger or distress”
spirited illuminate
“light up, help to clarify or explain ”
entwine
“wind or twist together; interweave”
“full of energy, enthusiasm, and determination”
nurturing
“care for and encourage the growth or development of”
THESIS NARRATIVE 10 FOCUS WORDS
6
LINEAR CONDENSED
TIERED COURTYARDS
O
O
R XE SA E AV
roof columns 100’ 200’
400’
800’
N
roof columns
atrium space
MASSING SKETCH
SITE PLAN
100’ 200’
400’
800’
N
atrium space
MASSING SKETCH
1”=200’
32’
64’
128’
256’
circulation figure ground
1st FLOOR PLAN
N
1st FLOOR PLAN 1”=64’
32’
64’
128’
256’
N
figure ground
circulation
gathering zones
1”=200’
gathering zones
SITE PLAN
1”=64’
1”=64’
7
FALL QUARTER REVIEW
Pedestrian Street Rendering
Nine Bridges Club, South Korea
2nd FLOOR PLAN 1”=64’
Westfield London Mall, England
Glass Pavilion, Spain
ROOF CONCEPT INSPIRATION
2nd FLOOR PLAN
ROOF CONCEPT INSPIRATION
Shigeru Ban, France
SCATTERED MASSES S
roof columns
SITE PLAN
100’ 200’
400’
800’
N
atrium space
MASSING SKETCH
1st FLOOR PLAN
32’
64’
128’
256’
N
figure ground + circulation + gathering zones
1”=200’
1”=64’
2nd FLOOR PLAN 1”=64’
Shigeru Ban, France
ROOF CONCEPT INSPIRATION
Stuttgart Terminal, Germany
FALL QUARTER REVIEW
8
CRITIQUE 3:
Analyze different kinds of trees and see how they can potentially relate to your site/design
crown/leaves
roof
trunk
column
roots
foundation
absorb carbon dioxide, produce food and expel oxygen, absorbs light
water and nutrients travel from roots through trunk to leaves, strongest part of tree, main support
soak up water/nutrients and bring it up through the trunk and leaves
tree anatomy
9
FALL QUARTER CRITIQUE / TAKEAWAYS
absorbs light via solar panels, produces food via green roof garden, collects water and filters down to plants on column and to be stored in foundation
main support, allows water to travel to plants growing on column and down from water collection on roof
soaks up and stores water from column and ground, brings up to water plants growing on column
column anatomy
CRITIQUE 5:
Try to explore how Biophilia influences a typical school typology
FALL QUARTER CRITQUE / TAKEAWAYS
10
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM SUMMARY - S t r uct ur e g r i d i s s et a t 1 5 ’ i ncre me nt s from 15’-120’ sp ans, longe r sp ans l o ng er t ha n 4 5 ’ us ed t r us s es i ns te ad o f b e ams - C a t w a l k ha l l w a y s a r e s up p o r t ed with cantile ve re d - T r ee co l um ns co ns i s t o f ( 4 ) 1 ’ diame te r ste e l t ub e s wrap p e d with woo d ve ne e r - T es s el l a t ed t r i a ng l e r o o f s t r ucture is made up of glulam and co nsist s of m ul t i p l e t y p es o f fr a m es t o ei t her hold glass, so lar p ane l or gre e n roo f
MECHANICAL SYSTEM SUMMARY
tria ng l
ed solar pan hap el es
ced ar
tria ng l
of ro
s
panels lass eg
gre en
STRUCTURE GRID PLAN
- E a ch m a s s i s co nd i t i o ned w i t h its’ own H V A C sy st e m locate d in the b ase me nt - T he a t r i um s p a ces a r e s em i - c o ndit ione d fo r e xtre me cold and ho t we at he r co nd i t i o ns - T he d eci s i o n t o no t co nd i t i o n the at rium sp ace s was so that use rs would have a m o r e d i r ect r el a t i o ns hi p w i t h nat ure whe n the y are inside so the y fe e l t hat t hey a r e o ut s i d e - T he j ur y eno ur a g ed m e t o t hink ab o ut way s to re duce the amo unt of dire ct hea t w o ul d co m e i nt o t he a t r i um glass ro o f wit h diffe re nt le ve ls of op aque glass p a nel s
ing sid
WALL SECTION CUT
11
WINTER QUARTER REVIEW
IPE SIDING
PEBBLES
GLASS
USE ON PROJECT
USE ON PROJECT
USE ON PROJECT
- Al l wal l s o f mas s e s f a c in g e x t e r io r and i nteri or of a t r iu ms - Interi or w a lls o f h a llw a ys - Veneer t o w r ap a r o u n d t r e e c o lu mn s
R o ug h p eb b l e co ncr et e co ng r eg a t e us ed i n a l l a t r i um s , fi r s t fl o o r ha l l w a y s a nd ext er i o r p a t hs S m o o t h p o l i s hed p eb b l e co ncr et e co ng r eg a t e us ed fo r p a t hw a y s i n a t r i um a nd cl a s s r o o m s
- A ll curt ain walls - D iffe re nt le ve ls of op acity glass are on t he atrium ce iling - Sky lights - D o o r p ane ls of acco rdio n do o rs
REASON FOR MATERIAL SELECTION
REASON FOR MATERIAL SELECTION
REASON FOR MATERIAL SELECTION
- N atural m a t e r ial t h at e mbr a c e s a mbiance of b ei ng su r r o u n d e d by a f o r e s t - Very durable w o o d t h at w ill t a k e lo n g er to change co lo r o v e r t ime
R o ug h p eb b l es m i m i c g r o und t ext ur e w hen w a l k i ng t hr o ug h na t ur e a nd a l s o p r o v i d e g r i p fo r w et s ur fa ces o ut s i d e Smooth p o l i s hed p eb b l e co ncr et e co ng r eg a t e r ep r es ent a v a r i ed v er s i o n o f t he r o ug h p eb b l es t ha t m a i nt a i n t he s a m e a es t het i c b ut d i ffer ent funct i o n. T he s m o o t hnes s o f t he g r o und a l l o w s fo r a cces s i b i l i t y a nd b et t er s er v es t he funct i o na l need s o f cl a s s r o o m s .
- A llo ws fo r natural day light to e nt e r the b uilding Pro vide s a cle ar vie w into surrounding nat ural sp ace s and also at riums
MATERIALS
12
GREEN CONNECTIONS
SITE PROGRAMMING
MASSING CONCEPTION
13
STARTING POINT MASS
DISPERSE VIA PROGRAM
ROTATE FOR SOUTHERN ORIENTATION
CONDENSE TO FIT ON SITE & CREATE PROGRAM ADJACENCIES
DISPERSE MASSES TO CREATE ATRIUMS
UNDULATING ROOF TO EXTEND FOREST
FINAL REVIEW
MASSING MODEL
FINAL REVIEW
14
FIRST FLOOR PLAN CL
CL
ART
ARCH. / ENG.
ST
CL
ST
ART STAGE
BAND / ORCHESTRA
WOODSHOP
CL
SPECIAL ED.
CL
SPECIAL ED.
CHORUS CL AUDITORIUM ST
MUSIC LAB GYM
SPECIAL ED.
CL
CL
ST
CL
CL
CL
GUIDANCE C.
LOCKERS
LOCKERS
GYM
LOCKERS KITCHEN CAFETERIA
STG.
FOOD SC.
PRIMARY ATRIUM WITH SITTING STAIR
LOCKERS OF
STG.
SCHOOL ST.
NURSE
PRE-K
CL
CL
SC.
OF
ADMIN
CL
LAB
SC.
SC.
LAB
SC.
CL
BIOPHILIC DIAGRAMS tree platforms triangle tree platforms connected via catwalk walkway
furniture
triangle desks mimic roof and hall pattern, also allow for multiple room configurations for flexible learning styles
hallway
triangle hallway mimics roof pattern, extends experience of roof when not directly beneath it
PROSPECT
15
FINAL REVIEW
RISK
undulating roof
triangle shape mimics tesselated pattern of sun shining through tree canopies
skylights
triangle skylights match roof and mimic areas where light comes through in the middle of tree canopies
COMPLEXITY PATTERNS