Karlene Raines

SPRINGFIELD’S BIOPHILIC

H

I

KARLENE RAINES

G

|

H

DREXEL UNIVERSITY

S

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C

ADV. KATIE BROH

H

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O

O

PEARSON FINALIST

L

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2019

BIOPHILIA:

“the urge to affiliate with other forms of life�

W hen Bi op hi lia is in c o r po r at e d in t o a r c h it ect ur e i t cr ea t es s p a ces t ha t fi t s t he hum a n d es i r e t o co nnect - Edward Wilson wi th other for ms o f lif e by c r e a t in g o r mimic k i ng exp er i ences fo und i n na t ur e. I t s p r es ence ha s num er o us b enefi ci al i mp a c t s o n t h o s e w h o ar e e x po s ed t o i t , es p eci a l l y s t ud ent s . S t ud i es ha v e s ho w n t ha t B i o p hi l ic desi gn has i nc r e a s e d s t u d e n t s ’ a c ad e mic pe r fo r m a nce, hea l t h a nd w el l b ei ng . S p r i ng fi el d ’ s B i o p hi l i c H i gh Schoo l e xp lo re s a B io philic de sign ap p roach that creates a u n iq u e a c ad e mic an d pu blic a t m o s p her e fo r i t s s t ud ent s , t ea cher s , a nd a l s o s ur r o und i n g co mmunit y . B y incorp o rating B io p hilia into the school ’ s c u r r ic u lu m s t u d e n t s ar e pr o v id ed w i t h a b r o a d er r a ng e o f a ca d em i c o p p o r t uni t i es a nd l earning e nviro nme nts t hat e nrich t he stude nt s’ educati on and a ls o lif e .

CONCEPTION OF THESIS PROJECT

- T owns hi p h a s b e e n w o r k i n g o n r e d e s i g n i n g a n e w h i g h s ch o o l fo r a b o u t t he pa s t 1 0 y e a r s - O pport unit y t o r e d e s i g n t h e h i g h s ch o o l my o w n w a y t o fi t w i t h i n t h e c ont e xt a nd n e e d s o f t h e t o w n - E xpl ore ho w B i o p h i l i a ca n b e i n co r p o r a t e d i n t o a ca d e mi c p r o g r a m t o c re a t e a uni q u e l e a r n i n g e n v i r o n me n t t h a t a l s o t i e s i n t o o p p o r t u n i t i e s fo r t he c om m unit y t o e n g a g e / a ct i v a t e t h e s ch o o l s i t e

HISTORY OF SPRINGFIELD HIGH SCHOOL - B ui l t i n 1 9 31 - 8 3 y e a rs o l d , t y p i ca l h i g h s ch o o l i n U S i s 42 y e a r s o l d - C urre nt l y s e r v e s a b o u t 1300 s t u d e n t s

EXISTING SITE PLAN VIEW

EXISTING FRONT ENTRANCE

EXISTING SITE CONDITIONS / ANALYSIS

1. .$1"

" 1/

1

0$+$ . + 9

/0$.!7 0 . + 0

/1" + 0

7 " + 00 ."/

PROJECT INTRODUCTION & SITE ANALYSIS

ZONING MAP A

PROPOSED PROGRAM BREAKDOWN

B

PERFORMING ARTS ATHLETICS 22,275 FT2 | 16%

ADMIN.

22,170 FT2 | 16%

NURSE

FOOD

LEARNING CM.

BUS./COMP.

ART

FOOD SC.

5,400 FT2 | 4% 1,800 FT2 | 1% 12,150 FT2 | 9%

8,100 FT2 | 6%

B AR RE

8’

’ 20

DE

SI

CLASSROOMS

27,000 FT2 | 19.4% T ON FR

DE SI

SCIENCE

GROUP INST.

SCIENCE PREP

SPECIAL ED.

13,500 FT2 | 9.7%

3,600 FT2 | 2.6%

2,700 FT2 | 1.9%

5,400 FT2 | 3.9%

1,350 FT2 | 0.97%

’ 15

’ 30

B

C 100% site area = 1,073,311 ft2

900 FT2 | 0.65%

40% site area = 429,324.4 ft2

3,150 FT2 | 2.27%

TECHNOLOGY

8,550 FT2 | 6.15%

PRESCHOOL

900 FT2 | 0.65%

Pro gram are as b roke n do wn acco rding t o siz e ne e de d for e ach sp ace .

A re as have b e e n b ase d off o f t he e xist ing H .S. co ndit ions b ut have b e e n adjust e d t o fit with the ne e ds of a B io p hilic de sign.

SITE PATHWAYS

GATHERING ZONES

ATRIUMS

AQUAPONICS LAB

BUILDING AND SITE AMENITIES

COVERED BLEACHERS

Si te i s l oca t e d in Z o n e B o f S pr in g f iel d Townshi p , D e law a r e C o u n t y

In addi ti on t o t ypic al h ig h s c h o o l bu ild in g a nd s i t e r eq ui r em ent s , a d d i t i o na l a m eni t i es w er e i nco r p o r a te d int o t he de sign t o e mp hasiz e B iop hilic de sign p ri nci p l es t h at pr o v id e d n u me r o u s u s e s a nd b enefi t s t o t he s t ud ent s , t ea cher s a nd co m m uni t y .

PROGRAMMING

2

UMWELTBUNDESAMT

LOCATION: DESSAU, GERMANY ARCH: SAUERBRUCH HUTTON

NINE BRIDGES COUNTRY CLUB

LOCATION: SOUTH KOREA ARCH: SHIGERU BAN ARCHITECTS

CAL. ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

LOCATION: SAN FRANCISCO, CA ARCH: RENZO PIANO

IMPACT ON PROJECT

IMPACT ON PROJECT

IMPACT ON PROJECT

- I was l ucky e n o u g h t o t a k e a t o u r o f t h is b ui l di ng duri ng my Be r lin s t u d y a br o ad t r ip i n J une 2018 a n d w as imme d iat e ly blo w n away b y ev e r y a s pe c t o f t h is bu ild in g , mostl y i ts’ i nd o o r /o u t d o o r r e la t io n s h ip

- T he m a i n i ns p i r a t i o n t ha t I t o o k a w a y fr o m a na l y z i ng t hi s b ui l d i ng w a s t he co l um ns a nd cei l i ng s t r uct ur e

- W he n I visite d t his muse um a fe w summe rs ago I was thrille d to visit t he roo f and se e first hand how it was int e grat e d wit h the e ntire b uilding b e ne at h it , I was also imp re sse d with it s nume rous functions and p urp ose s for the o ve rall b uilding de sign and want e d t o inco rp o rate a similar ide a with my own ro o f

- T he atri um s pac e c r e at e d a n a ma zin g op p ortuni ty t o le t lig h t in , allo w pla n t s t o grow and crea t e o ppo r t u n it ie s f o r pe o ple t o gather, s omet h in g I w a n t e d t o in c o r po r at e i nto my own p r o je c t - The use of w o o d w alls a n d pe bble d f lo o r s i nfl uenced my ma t e r ial s e le c t io n , t h e n at u r al materi al s enh an c e d o n e ’ s e x pe r ie n c e o f feel i ng outsi de

3

CASE STUDIES

T he t r ee i ns p i r ed co l um ns s ea m l es s l y b l end ed i nt o t he g eo m et r i c p a t t er ened cei l i ng w hi ch m i m i ck ed a t r ee ca no p y - I a l s o s t ud i ed t he p r o p o r t i o ns o f t he t r ee co l um ns i n r el a t i o n t o t he b ui l d i ng ’ s m a s s a nd fl o o r el ev a t i o ns w hi ch a l s o i nfl uenced m y p r o j ect

- Similar to this b uillding’s ro o f, I also inco rp o rate d gre e n roo fs, so lar p ane ls, undulating surface s to mimic a landscap e , nat ural ve ntilat ion co mp o ne nt s and also cre ate d a strong re lat ionship b e t we e n it se lf and what was b e ne ath it to e nhance the p ro gram of t hat are a

BIOPHILIC DESIGN PATTERNS NATURE IN THE SPACE

-

Visual con n ection w ith nature Non -visu al connection w ith nature Non -rh th mic sensory stimu li Th ermal an d airflow variability P r esence of w ater D yn amic and Diffuse ligh t Co nnection w ith natural systems

N AT U R E A N A LO G U E S

-

NATURE OF THE S PAC E

Biom orphic form s and patterns Material connection with nature Complexity and order

-

Pros p e c t Re fu ge M y s t e ry Ri s k/ Pe ri l

BIOPHILIC BENEFITS

D A Y LIG H T IN G

P LANTS

I n 1 9 9 6 s t u d y , d a y l i g h t i n g s h ow n t o r e d u c e n u m ber o f s t ud e nt a b s e nc e s b y ab o ut 3 . 2 - 3 . 9 d a y s p er s t ud e nt , t h u s r e d u c i n g a m ou n t o f t a x m o n e y w as t e d

Trials have found that plants in c l a s s r o o m s c a n l e a d t o im p r ov e d p e r f o r m a n c e in s p e llin g , m a t h e m a t ic s a n d s c ie n c e of 1 0 - 1 4 %

C h i l d r e n pro g r e s s e d t h r o ug h s c h o o l c ur r i c ul a 2 0 2 6 % f a s t er wh e n l e a r n i n g i n d a y l i t e n v i r o n m e n t s

A s t u d y h a s s h o w n a 1 3 % in c r e a s e in s t u d e n t a t t e n t ion a l f u n c t ion in r oo m s wit h v ie ws of n a t u r e a s o p p o s e d t o views of built space and windowless rooms

Day l i g h t i ng h a s b e e n p r ov e n t o i nc r e a s e te s t s c o re s b et we e n 5 - 1 4 % , h i g h e r p e r c e n t a g e w a s w he n s t u d e n t s w e r e e x p o s e d t o d a y l i g h t i n g a n d di r e c t vi e w s of n a t u r e

W E LL BE ING A s t u d y s howe d tha t the r e wa s a s ig n if ic an tly le s s amo u n t o f s t r e s s in c hild r e n w ith hig h le v e ls o f n atu r e n e ar by compa r e d t o t h o s e with compa r itiv e ly low le v e ls of na tur e ne a r by N a t u r e s u pplie s s o c ial s u ppo r t for child r e n a s the y inte r a ct w i t h o t h e r s in s ha r e d na tur a l s pa ce s W h e n child r e n be come e ng a g e d in na tur e , the ir n e u r al m e c h a n i s ms ar e allo w e d to r e s t an d r e c o v e r . A tte ntiona l r e s t o r a t ion is cr itica l for child r e n. W ithout it, child r e n will i n c r e a s i n g ly r e s pond to d is tr a cting s timuli, e x pe r ie nce g r e a te r l o s s o f f ocus , a nd ha v e d ifficulty ma na g ing d a ily ta s ks .

BIOPHILIC RESEARCH

4

L ESUSTAINABILITY ED V4 leed v4

BIOPHILIA

COMMUNITY

EDUCATION

Encourages maximizing daylight which has multiple positive influences on users

Encourages providing opportunities for community involvement and advocacy via open spaces

Incorporating sustainable systems presents multiple learning opportunities

Values open space which encourages more opportunities to be directly connected with nature Reducing heat island affect via green roofs which also promotes more exposure to nature on site

5

SUSTAINABILITY STATEMENT

Reduced energy needs reduces community’s taxes to support school’s energy, may be able to outsource energy created on-site to nearby homes

Natural systems allows for a wide range of learning: science, art, physical education, language arts, etc.

biophilic

“a connection to experiences found in nature within a built environment”

harmony

organic

“the quality of forming a pleasing and

“relating to or derived from living matter”

node

“a point at which lines or pathways intersect or branch; a central or connecting point” “the part of a plant stem from which one or more leaves emerge, often forming a slight swelling or knob”

wayfinding

“refers to information systems that guide people through a physical environment and enhance their understanding and experience of the space”

colony

“a community of animals or plants of one kind living close together or forming a physically connected structure”

refuge

“shelter or protection from danger or distress”

spirited illuminate

“light up, help to clarify or explain ”

entwine

“wind or twist together; interweave”

“full of energy, enthusiasm, and determination”

nurturing

“care for and encourage the growth or development of”

THESIS NARRATIVE 10 FOCUS WORDS

6

LINEAR CONDENSED

TIERED COURTYARDS

O

O

R XE SA E AV

roof columns 100’ 200’

400’

800’

N

roof columns

atrium space

MASSING SKETCH

SITE PLAN

100’ 200’

400’

800’

N

atrium space

MASSING SKETCH

1”=200’

32’

64’

128’

256’

circulation figure ground

1st FLOOR PLAN

N

1st FLOOR PLAN 1”=64’

32’

64’

128’

256’

N

figure ground

circulation

gathering zones

1”=200’

gathering zones

SITE PLAN

1”=64’

1”=64’

7

FALL QUARTER REVIEW

Pedestrian Street Rendering

Nine Bridges Club, South Korea

2nd FLOOR PLAN 1”=64’

Westfield London Mall, England

Glass Pavilion, Spain

ROOF CONCEPT INSPIRATION

2nd FLOOR PLAN

ROOF CONCEPT INSPIRATION

Shigeru Ban, France

SCATTERED MASSES S

roof columns

SITE PLAN

100’ 200’

400’

800’

N

atrium space

MASSING SKETCH

1st FLOOR PLAN

32’

64’

128’

256’

N

figure ground + circulation + gathering zones

1”=200’

1”=64’

2nd FLOOR PLAN 1”=64’

Shigeru Ban, France

ROOF CONCEPT INSPIRATION

Stuttgart Terminal, Germany

FALL QUARTER REVIEW

8

CRITIQUE 3:

Analyze different kinds of trees and see how they can potentially relate to your site/design

crown/leaves

roof

trunk

column

roots

foundation

absorb carbon dioxide, produce food and expel oxygen, absorbs light

water and nutrients travel from roots through trunk to leaves, strongest part of tree, main support

soak up water/nutrients and bring it up through the trunk and leaves

tree anatomy

9

FALL QUARTER CRITIQUE / TAKEAWAYS

absorbs light via solar panels, produces food via green roof garden, collects water and filters down to plants on column and to be stored in foundation

main support, allows water to travel to plants growing on column and down from water collection on roof

soaks up and stores water from column and ground, brings up to water plants growing on column

column anatomy

CRITIQUE 5:

Try to explore how Biophilia influences a typical school typology

FALL QUARTER CRITQUE / TAKEAWAYS

10

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM SUMMARY - S t r uct ur e g r i d i s s et a t 1 5 ’ i ncre me nt s from 15’-120’ sp ans, longe r sp ans l o ng er t ha n 4 5 ’ us ed t r us s es i ns te ad o f b e ams - C a t w a l k ha l l w a y s a r e s up p o r t ed with cantile ve re d - T r ee co l um ns co ns i s t o f ( 4 ) 1 ’ diame te r ste e l t ub e s wrap p e d with woo d ve ne e r - T es s el l a t ed t r i a ng l e r o o f s t r ucture is made up of glulam and co nsist s of m ul t i p l e t y p es o f fr a m es t o ei t her hold glass, so lar p ane l or gre e n roo f

MECHANICAL SYSTEM SUMMARY

tria ng l

ed solar pan hap el es

ced ar

tria ng l

of ro

s

panels lass eg

gre en

STRUCTURE GRID PLAN

- E a ch m a s s i s co nd i t i o ned w i t h its’ own H V A C sy st e m locate d in the b ase me nt - T he a t r i um s p a ces a r e s em i - c o ndit ione d fo r e xtre me cold and ho t we at he r co nd i t i o ns - T he d eci s i o n t o no t co nd i t i o n the at rium sp ace s was so that use rs would have a m o r e d i r ect r el a t i o ns hi p w i t h nat ure whe n the y are inside so the y fe e l t hat t hey a r e o ut s i d e - T he j ur y eno ur a g ed m e t o t hink ab o ut way s to re duce the amo unt of dire ct hea t w o ul d co m e i nt o t he a t r i um glass ro o f wit h diffe re nt le ve ls of op aque glass p a nel s

ing sid

WALL SECTION CUT

11

WINTER QUARTER REVIEW

IPE SIDING

PEBBLES

GLASS

USE ON PROJECT

USE ON PROJECT

USE ON PROJECT

- Al l wal l s o f mas s e s f a c in g e x t e r io r and i nteri or of a t r iu ms - Interi or w a lls o f h a llw a ys - Veneer t o w r ap a r o u n d t r e e c o lu mn s

R o ug h p eb b l e co ncr et e co ng r eg a t e us ed i n a l l a t r i um s , fi r s t fl o o r ha l l w a y s a nd ext er i o r p a t hs S m o o t h p o l i s hed p eb b l e co ncr et e co ng r eg a t e us ed fo r p a t hw a y s i n a t r i um a nd cl a s s r o o m s

- A ll curt ain walls - D iffe re nt le ve ls of op acity glass are on t he atrium ce iling - Sky lights - D o o r p ane ls of acco rdio n do o rs

REASON FOR MATERIAL SELECTION

REASON FOR MATERIAL SELECTION

REASON FOR MATERIAL SELECTION

- N atural m a t e r ial t h at e mbr a c e s a mbiance of b ei ng su r r o u n d e d by a f o r e s t - Very durable w o o d t h at w ill t a k e lo n g er to change co lo r o v e r t ime

R o ug h p eb b l es m i m i c g r o und t ext ur e w hen w a l k i ng t hr o ug h na t ur e a nd a l s o p r o v i d e g r i p fo r w et s ur fa ces o ut s i d e Smooth p o l i s hed p eb b l e co ncr et e co ng r eg a t e r ep r es ent a v a r i ed v er s i o n o f t he r o ug h p eb b l es t ha t m a i nt a i n t he s a m e a es t het i c b ut d i ffer ent funct i o n.

T he s m o o t hnes s o f t he g r o und a l l o w s fo r a cces s i b i l i t y a nd b et t er s er v es t he funct i o na l need s o f cl a s s r o o m s .

- A llo ws fo r natural day light to e nt e r the b uilding Pro vide s a cle ar vie w into surrounding nat ural sp ace s and also at riums

MATERIALS

12

GREEN CONNECTIONS

SITE PROGRAMMING

MASSING CONCEPTION

13

STARTING POINT MASS

DISPERSE VIA PROGRAM

ROTATE FOR SOUTHERN ORIENTATION

CONDENSE TO FIT ON SITE & CREATE PROGRAM ADJACENCIES

DISPERSE MASSES TO CREATE ATRIUMS

UNDULATING ROOF TO EXTEND FOREST

FINAL REVIEW

MASSING MODEL

FINAL REVIEW

14

FIRST FLOOR PLAN CL

CL

ART

ARCH. / ENG.

ST

CL

ST

ART STAGE

BAND / ORCHESTRA

WOODSHOP

CL

SPECIAL ED.

CL

SPECIAL ED.

CHORUS CL AUDITORIUM ST

MUSIC LAB GYM

SPECIAL ED.

CL

CL

ST

CL

CL

CL

GUIDANCE C.

LOCKERS

LOCKERS

GYM

LOCKERS KITCHEN CAFETERIA

STG.

FOOD SC.

PRIMARY ATRIUM WITH SITTING STAIR

LOCKERS OF

STG.

SCHOOL ST.

NURSE

PRE-K

CL

CL

SC.

OF

ADMIN

CL

LAB

SC.

SC.

LAB

SC.

CL

BIOPHILIC DIAGRAMS tree platforms triangle tree platforms connected via catwalk walkway

furniture

triangle desks mimic roof and hall pattern, also allow for multiple room configurations for flexible learning styles

hallway

triangle hallway mimics roof pattern, extends experience of roof when not directly beneath it

PROSPECT

15

FINAL REVIEW

RISK

undulating roof

triangle shape mimics tesselated pattern of sun shining through tree canopies

skylights

triangle skylights match roof and mimic areas where light comes through in the middle of tree canopies

COMPLEXITY PATTERNS