Aaron Woolverton Symbiosis | A Marine Eco-Sanctuary Thesis Advisor: Timothy Kearney
The Tun Sakaran Marine Park Sabah, Malaysia
BORNEO
Thesis Statement
semporna
“Architecture has the potential to align conservation efforts with local users and their values. This proposal will be at the intersection of marine life conservation, eco-tourism, and regional heritage revival; attempting to reduce a region’s growing scarcity in resources and subsequent increase in acculturation through the praxis of architectural design.”
SELECTED SITE
THE TUN SAKARAN MARINE PARK HISTORICAL TIMELINE AND FACTS
1933
TSMP WAS GAZETTED AS A NATIONAL FOREST RESERVE AND BIRD SANCTUARY
1963 - 1993
THE KAYA PEARL FARM WAS ESTABLISHED IN THE PARK, BRINGING A NEW FORM OF INDUSTRY INTO THE IMMEDIATE AREA
1970
TSMP WAS RECOGNIZED AS A GLOBAL TREASURE FOR MARINE BIODIVERSITY
2004
TSMP ESTABLISHED AS A MARINE PARK. THE FIRST WITH SETTLED INHABITANTS
2010
INTERNATIONAL SURVEYS AND STUDIES CONCLUDED THAT THE TSMP IS HOME TO OVER 600 SPECIES OF FISH, 300 VERTEBRATES, AND APPROXIMATELY 323 SPECIES OF CORAL (50% OF ALL KNOWN SPECIATION)
2016
NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ECOTOURIST SPOT, REACHING AN AVERAGE INFLUX OF 610 VISITORS A DAY THROUGHOUT THE YEAR.
“The preliminary results of the Semporna Marine Ecological Expedition (December 2010) indicate that Semporna may have the world’s highest - THE NETHERLANDS CENTRE FOR BIODIVERSITY marine biodiversity.” SYMBIOSIS
A M A R I N E E C O - S A N C T U A RY
AARON WOOLVERTON
10
Project Programmatic Intent Stakeholder’s Point of View Throughout the research process, stakeholdership and programmatic intent were looked at through 3 major lenses. Locals, Eco-Tourists, and Marine Conservationists have footholds in the Tun Sakaran Marine Park. Symbiosis intends to blend these user groups to allow for a diverse and meaningful experience.
STAKEHOLDER PHYSICAL SPACE STAKEHOLDER PROVISIONS INTENT
LOCALS EXT ERN AL
RO DU C LTU RE P AQ UA CU
ED S NE RS TA ND IN G UN DE
MA
AL
NA GE ME NT
CU
OU RCE RES
FFICES
IONS
OB GL
ESS
EXHIBIT
NC E
EN AR AW AL
E
EPE ND E
ENC RG
LABS/O
MARINE RESEARCH
IND
ANTHROPOLOGY CONFERENCE
CULTURAL EXHIBITS
SOCIO-CULTURE
E EM
IC
MPA OFFICES/ADMIN MARINE RESEARCH LABS SCIENCE EXHIBITS
SYMBIOSIS VISITORS CENTER
RAL SCIENCES IO-CULTU SOC
S) RCE FO NT RE UR (C
L VA VI RE GE ITA
ER
LH
R LTU
NATURAL SCIENCES
CS
ES RA
OM
PAVILIONS
NATURE
U LT CU
RESTORE
EC ON
AQUACULTURE PARK
S
DY NA M I
OPEN COMMUNICATION
CONSERVATION EFFORTS
DY NA M IC
ALU &V
PAVILIONS
RE LTU
CU
TIO N
INT ERN AL
MONETARY SUSTAINABILITY
ECO-TOURISTS
3,000 SQ FT
N
S
N
S S N
N S N
S
Precedent Analysis Understanding Alternate Cases
P R E C E D E N T A N A LY S I S ALTERNATE APPROACHES CIRCULATION & POINTS OF INTEREST WORKING WITH NATURE
PRIMARY PROGRAM VERSUS SUPPORT SYMBIOTIC DEPENDENCIES
PUBLIC VERSUS PRIVATE EXCLUSIVITY
OUTLET/PRIMARY PROGRAM
RESOURCES/UTILITIES DESTINATION
RES OU RCE
OU
S/U T IL I T
TLET
IES
/PR
IMA RY P ROG RAM
JEAN MARIE TJIBAOU CULTURAL CENTER LOCATION: NOUMÉA, NEW CALEDONIA ARCHITECT: RENZO PIANO
DESTINATION OROKONUI ECOSANCTUARY VISITOR’S CENTER LOCATION: DUNEDIN, NEW ZEALAND ARCHITECT: TIM HEATH, ARCHITECTURE ECOLOGY
M
GRA
PRO
/PR
TLET
OU
RY IMA
DESTINATION
MALMO MARINE EDUCATION CENTER LOCATION: MALMO, SWEEDEN ARCHITECT: NORD
SYMBIOSIS
A M A R I N E E C O - S A N C T U A RY
RCE OU RES
T IL I T S/U
IES
AARON WOOLVERTON
20
TOURISTS TO THE TUN SAKARAN MARINE PARK
NTERNATIONAL PLACE FOR TRAVEL
REASONS FOR VISTING THE TSMP DOMESTIC VISITOR VISIT MARINE PARK
Visitor Data and Input Surveys
SNORKEL RURAL LIVLIHOODS / CULTURAL EMERGENCE HONEYMOON HOLIDAY / VACATION VISIT FRIENDS & FAMILY OTHER
DOMESTIC VISITOR INTERNATIONAL VISITOR
SCUBA DIVE
SNORKEL RURAL LIVLIHOODS / CULTURAL EMERGENCE HONEYMOON HOLIDAY / VACATION VISIT FRIENDS & FAMILY OTHER
ECO-TOURIST VISITING EXPERIENCE STATUS
AQUACULTURE
A M A R I N E E C O - S A N C T U A RY
SPECIES HARVESTING
CULTURAL WORKSHOPS
CULTURAL EMERGENCE
75%
FIRST-TIME EXPERIENCE
50%
STAY FOR ONLY ONE DAY
20th Visit
60th Visit
IMMEDIATE RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENT AFTER VISIT
AARON WOOLVERTON
50% YES 30% NO
70% YES 17% NO
60% YES 23% NO
70% YES 21% NO
20% UNSURE
13% UNSURE
17% UNSURE
9% UNSURE
NOT CONCERNED 15 | 6%
200 180 160 140 S TA K E H O L D E R S 120 TOURISTS TO THE TUN SAKARAN MARINE PARK INTERNATIONAL PLACE FOR TRAVEL 100 80 60 40 20 0 First Visit Second Visit Third Visit 4th to 9th Visit 10th to 19th Visit ALTERNATIVE ACTIVITY INTEREST SURVEY ADAPTING A PROGRAM TO SUIT LOCAL ECONOMIES SUSTAINABLY
CONCERNED 235 | 94%
SYMBIOSIS
INTERNATIONAL VISITOR VISIT MARINE PARK SCUBA DIVE
13
T U R ACritical L L ARegionalism NDSCAPES
CTION TOLocal THEValues NATURAL ENVIRONMENT and Practices
ADAPTIVE/BIOMIMIC LIFESTYLES
INTERIOR REEF (SHORELINE REEF)
IOSIS
PATCH REEF
FRINGING REEF
OUTER BARRIER REEF
LEPA BOAT FISH PINS SEAWEED HARVESTING
BARRIER ISLANDS rooted
BANKS growth (zooxanthellae)
DROP-OFF capture (polyp)
SULU SEA disperse (larvae)
(colony)
A N E C O - C U LT U R A L S A N C T U A RY
AARON WOOLVERTO
D EContextual S CONDITIONS I G N PInformation ROCESS EXISTING AT SITE Important Nodes and Areas
MANTABUAN REEFS
SIBUAN / CHURCH REEF
MANTABUAN REEFS
* LOCALS LIVE ON THE NORTHERN SIDE OF THE ISLAN DUE TO ACCES TO OPEN FISHING WATERS AND DEEPER PELAGIC FISH
PULAU BOHEY DULANG
PULAU BODGAYA
BOHEY DULANG REEF
ABONDONED AQUACULTURE ZONE ABONDONED PEARL FARM
RIBBON REEF
HIKING PATH TO OVERLOOK *THE SOUTHERN LAGOON IS HOME TO OVER 300 VERTEBRATES AND 600 FISH, INCLUDING HIHGLY ENDANGERED SPECIES.
(BAJAU)
N SEA
BOHEY DULANG REEF
(TOURISTS)
LAND
EXISTING JETTY & LANDING INTO THE PARK
CROSSING PATHS
SIMULTANEITY
SYSTEMATIC SUPPORT
PHYSICAL AND CULTURAL LANDSCAPES
ARCHITECTURAL TOOLS PROVIDE SUPPORT FOR GENERATIVE LANDSCAPES
N E C O -FOR C U L T U DEFINING R A L S AAND N CBLURRING T U A R YTHE LINE BETWEEN CREATING SYM B I OSPACES S I SAND ACIRCULATION NATURAL AND CULTURAL INTERSECTIONS
SYMBIOSIS
AARON WOOLVERTON
SYMBIOSIS Midreview Design MARINE RESEARCH & CONSERVATION THE TUN SAKARAN MARINE PARK
N
N
N
Plans and Sections 2 | MARINE RESEARCH
3 | MARINE RESEARCH
SCHEMATIC PLANS
SCALE 1/32” = 1’-0”
4 | MARINE PARK OPERATION
SCALE 1/32” = 1’-0”
SCALE 1/32” = 1’-0”
1 | SUB - MARINE FLOOR 4
5 4
4
3
1
2
1
3
6
2
5
3 4
GROWTH
2
4
1
1
1
1 | EXHIBIT SPACE 2 | MARINE EDUCATION 3 | NATURE EXHIBITS 4 | UNDERWATER EXPLORATORIUM 5 | CULTURAL SPACES
3 2
1 | MARINE RESEARCH HATCHERIES 2 | MARINE RESEARCH CLASSROOMS 3 | MARINE EDUCATION 4 | CONTROLLED ECOSYSTEM 5 | HATCHERIES 6 |RESEARCH CIRCULATION 1
SCHEMATIC SECTIONS
1 | VISITORS CENTER WITH CAFE/RECEPTION 2 | MECHANICAL SPACE 3 | PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH 4 | CONTROLLED ECOSYSTEM 5 | LOCAL AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION
LONGITUDINAL SECTION SCALE: 1/16” = 1’ - 0”
INDOOR HATCHERIES/ PARTICIPATORY LABS
1 | LODGING FOR RESEARCHERS AND STUDENTS 2 | MARINE RESEARCH OPERATIONS 3 | AUDITORIUM 4 | MARINE PARK OPERATIONS
RESEARCH OPERATIONS
BIO RESEARCH
MARINE PARK OPERATIONS AUDITORIUM
RESEARCH LABS
MARINE EDUCATION
BIO RESEARCH
NATURE EXHIBITS
DIVING UNDER
LODGING
RESEARCH LABS
CROSS SECTION SCALE: 1/16” = 1’ - 0”
ECO-TOURISTS
STAKEHOLDER PHYSICAL SPACE STAKEHOLDER PROVISIONS INTENT
MidreviewLOCALS Design
7
Axonometric Diagrams E LOCALS
6
F
6
3 H
F
F 5 A 3 RESEARCH TOURISM H
4 7
G
5 RESEARCH
7
F
E A
TOURISM
4
G
7
6
E
5
E
5
1
4
3
4
3
D
D
6
B
2 A
B
A
C
1
D
D
2
H
G
1
C
LEGEND H
G
1 | VISITORS CENTER & CAFE 2 | MARINE RESEARCH 3LEGEND | MARINE EDUCATION 4 | MARINE RESEARCH ADMIN 5 | OPEN ATRIUM AND NATURE EXHIBITS VISITORSPARK CENTER & CAFE 61 || MARINE OPERATIONS MARINE RESEARCH 72 || LODGING FOR STUDENTS & RESEARCHERS 3 | MARINE EDUCATION | HATCHERIES MARINE RESEARCH ADMIN A4 | AND SMALL NURSERIES OPEN ATRIUM AND/ NATURE EXHIBITS B5 || LARGE AQUARIUM CONTROLLED ECOSYSTEM 6 | MARINE PARK OPERATIONS C | UNDERWATER EXHIBITS (UNDERWATER) 7 | LODGING FOR STUDENTS & RESEARCHERS D | MARINE PARK NATURE/CULTURAL EXHIBITS
1
N
PLAN VIEW SCALE: 1” = 100’
CIRCULATION
E | CULTURAL WORKSHOPS/SMALL MARKET HATCHERIES AND SMALL NURSERIES FA||AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION | UNDERWATER LARGE AQUARIUM CONTROLLED ECOSYSTEM GB | REEF /OBSERVATORY UNDERWATER EXHIBITS (UNDERWATER) HC || ARTIFICIAL REEF / LIVE NURSERY GROUNDS D | MARINE PARK NATURE/CULTURAL EXHIBITS E | CULTURAL WORKSHOPS/SMALL MARKET F | AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION G | UNDERWATER REEF OBSERVATORY H | ARTIFICIAL REEF / LIVE NURSERY GROUNDS
LIVE CORAL NURSERY
LIVE CORAL NURSERY
N
PLAN VIEW SCALE: 1” = 100’
Eco-Tourists
LIVE CORAL NURSERY
Researchers N
PLAN VIEW SCALE: 1” = 100’
Locals
Midreview Design Original Concept Renderings
SITE PLAN SCALE” 1/64” = 1’-0”
Vernacular Systems Striving For Critical Regionalism Taking cues from local tradition and architecture while simultaneously adapting the design to site specific constraints including climatic forces, boundaries, and existing context.
BAMBOO STUDS WD OR NIPAH (COCONUT LEAF)
LOWLAND WD TIMBER
TWIN GIRDER SUPPORTS
CONTEMPORARY MALAY HOUSE
ADDITIVE & NUCLEAR ARCHITECTURE
BAJAU LAUT BOGGO BOAT - MEANS OF MOVEMENT
BANIG WEAVING
ARTISTRY
WOVEN FISH PINS
WOVEN SKINS
Passive Systems Designing In The Tropics
N
S SU
LE ANG
ROO
RD WA F TO
Y OP CAN
OF RO
O
ND WI
H NS SU N PE
AD
BURROWED THERMAL MASS
ES
R FO
NATURAL COOLING FROM WATER
TO E IN TION PAC TILA S T N IEN VE OR OSS R C
GENERAL FORM RULE-SETS
WIND DIRECTION IN RELATION TO DRY-BULB TEMPS
DEVELOP POCKETS FOR AIRFLOW
COASTLINE
COASTLINE
COASTLINE
AVERAGE WIND DIRECTION AT SITE
THERMAL MASS RULES
WIND DIRECTIONS WITH RELATIVE HUMIDITY
Environmental Systems Site Section and Analysis The existing site features several ecosystems that cooperate in order to establish equilibrium. However, the deforested mangrove tidal zone negatively impacts the Bohey Dulong reef.
IC
ECO
TEM SYS
L NA TIO SEC
S AT OT H S AP
TIDAL FOREST Supports aviaries, mollusks, and hundreds of invertebrates. Naturally, mangroves balance salinity levels, clean waters, and store the highest amount of carbon compared to other tree species.
ITE
SN
total tid shoral e
tro
lc
a
pic
d lou
es for
bac
t
e& dg
k re
affec ted a rea
ef
barr reefier
gle
jun
n tio eta eg n dv tio n la iza S ter low n VE e & RO sed ock r G & S e re AN ND on sho lz TM OU sta S R a G co LO
r ri pe up
RY SH SE BLI UR TA N S E AL RE IDE
LIT TO R
AL ZO N
E BL ILA
E (C
drop
off
la g o
EF RE
FO
SYM BIOME
R
AN PL NS A TR
TS
onal
reef
MANGROVE AND CORAL CONNECTION Tidal forests have a direct relationship to coastal corals. Mangrove Forests provide natural fisheries for fish that manage coral reef. Corals provide mangroves healthier, filtered waters.
flat
PHOTIC ZONE
NORTH
A AV
OA ST
EN
VIR ON M
EN TS)
DEFORESTED
Final Design Ecosystemic Solution One of the major interventions within symbiosis is utilizing the ecosystemic idea of the “Sym-biome”. Understanding the rich and supportive relationship between marine ecosystems in reference to vernacular architecture became the key to providing a sensible and sensitive solution. INCOMING TIDAL / SURFACE FORCES
BAJAU LAUT BOGGO BOAT
SLOWER AND COOLER WATERS
EROSION REDUCER
LOW TIDE
HIGH TIDE
Final Design Phasing | Existing Conditions Removing abandoned constructs that are slowly decomposing on the existing site location.
LOFTED HOUSE
MAIN OPERATIONS
HOUSING/LODGING PEARL FARM FIELDS SUPPORT
DE
MO LIS
H
STORAGE/BOAT CHURCH REEF MANTABUAN
SIBUAN BODGAYA
POM POM MAIGA BOHEY DULANG SELAKAN
SEBANGKAT
TUN SAKARAN MARINE PARK
NG STI EXI
T JET
Y
IRC +C
T ULA
ION
Final Design Phasing | Ecosystem Rehabilitation Providing the new artificial fishery and hatchery system as well as outboard dive stations that support reef growth.
REPLANTED MANGROVE TIDAL FOREST
CHURCH REEF MANTABUAN
SIBUAN BODGAYA
POM POM MAIGA BOHEY DULANG SELAKAN
SEBANGKAT
TUN SAKARAN MARINE PARK
Wave Break System
Final Design Phasing | Program Establishment New built forms will be located where existing constructs touched the ground to limit disruption.
Export Transplants to Support Reef Health
Live Coral Nursery
Existing Reef for Grafting
CHURCH REEF
Aquacultural Field MANTABUAN
SIBUAN BODGAYA
POM POM MAIGA BOHEY DULANG SELAKAN
SEBANGKAT
TUN SAKARAN MARINE PARK
Final Design Design Components
Seaweed Drying Platform
Planters
Research Station
Walkway
Final Design Marine Research Station
Final Design Design Components
Dive Station
Visitor’s Center
Final Design Visitor’s Center