Aaron WOOLVERTON

Aaron Woolverton Symbiosis | A Marine Eco-Sanctuary Thesis Advisor: Timothy Kearney

The Tun Sakaran Marine Park Sabah, Malaysia

BORNEO

Thesis Statement

semporna

“Architecture has the potential to align conservation efforts with local users and their values. This proposal will be at the intersection of marine life conservation, eco-tourism, and regional heritage revival; attempting to reduce a region’s growing scarcity in resources and subsequent increase in acculturation through the praxis of architectural design.”

SELECTED SITE

THE TUN SAKARAN MARINE PARK HISTORICAL TIMELINE AND FACTS

1933

TSMP WAS GAZETTED AS A NATIONAL FOREST RESERVE AND BIRD SANCTUARY

1963 - 1993

THE KAYA PEARL FARM WAS ESTABLISHED IN THE PARK, BRINGING A NEW FORM OF INDUSTRY INTO THE IMMEDIATE AREA

1970

TSMP WAS RECOGNIZED AS A GLOBAL TREASURE FOR MARINE BIODIVERSITY

2004

TSMP ESTABLISHED AS A MARINE PARK. THE FIRST WITH SETTLED INHABITANTS

2010

INTERNATIONAL SURVEYS AND STUDIES CONCLUDED THAT THE TSMP IS HOME TO OVER 600 SPECIES OF FISH, 300 VERTEBRATES, AND APPROXIMATELY 323 SPECIES OF CORAL (50% OF ALL KNOWN SPECIATION)

2016

NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ECOTOURIST SPOT, REACHING AN AVERAGE INFLUX OF 610 VISITORS A DAY THROUGHOUT THE YEAR.

“The preliminary results of the Semporna Marine Ecological Expedition (December 2010) indicate that Semporna may have the world’s highest - THE NETHERLANDS CENTRE FOR BIODIVERSITY marine biodiversity.”

SYMBIOSIS

A M A R I N E E C O - S A N C T U A RY

AARON WOOLVERTON

10

Project Programmatic Intent Stakeholder’s Point of View Throughout the research process, stakeholdership and programmatic intent were looked at through 3 major lenses. Locals, Eco-Tourists, and Marine Conservationists have footholds in the Tun Sakaran Marine Park. Symbiosis intends to blend these user groups to allow for a diverse and meaningful experience.

STAKEHOLDER PHYSICAL SPACE STAKEHOLDER PROVISIONS INTENT

LOCALS EXT ERN AL

RO DU C LTU RE P AQ UA CU

ED S NE RS TA ND IN G UN DE

MA

AL

NA GE ME NT

CU

OU RCE RES

FFICES

IONS

OB GL

ESS

EXHIBIT

NC E

EN AR AW AL

E

EPE ND E

ENC RG

LABS/O

MARINE RESEARCH

IND

ANTHROPOLOGY CONFERENCE

CULTURAL EXHIBITS

SOCIO-CULTURE

E EM

IC

MPA OFFICES/ADMIN MARINE RESEARCH LABS SCIENCE EXHIBITS

SYMBIOSIS VISITORS CENTER

RAL SCIENCES IO-CULTU SOC

S) RCE FO NT RE UR (C

L VA VI RE GE ITA

ER

LH

R LTU

NATURAL SCIENCES

CS

ES RA

OM

PAVILIONS

NATURE

U LT CU

RESTORE

EC ON

AQUACULTURE PARK

S

DY NA M I

OPEN COMMUNICATION

CONSERVATION EFFORTS

DY NA M IC

ALU &V

PAVILIONS

RE LTU

CU

TIO N

INT ERN AL

MONETARY SUSTAINABILITY

ECO-TOURISTS

3,000 SQ FT

N

S

N

S S N

N S N

S

Precedent Analysis Understanding Alternate Cases

P R E C E D E N T A N A LY S I S ALTERNATE APPROACHES CIRCULATION & POINTS OF INTEREST WORKING WITH NATURE

PRIMARY PROGRAM VERSUS SUPPORT SYMBIOTIC DEPENDENCIES

PUBLIC VERSUS PRIVATE EXCLUSIVITY

OUTLET/PRIMARY PROGRAM

RESOURCES/UTILITIES DESTINATION

RES OU RCE

OU

S/U T IL I T

TLET

IES

/PR

IMA RY P ROG RAM

JEAN MARIE TJIBAOU CULTURAL CENTER LOCATION: NOUMÉA, NEW CALEDONIA ARCHITECT: RENZO PIANO

DESTINATION OROKONUI ECOSANCTUARY VISITOR’S CENTER LOCATION: DUNEDIN, NEW ZEALAND ARCHITECT: TIM HEATH, ARCHITECTURE ECOLOGY

M

GRA

PRO

/PR

TLET

OU

RY IMA

DESTINATION

MALMO MARINE EDUCATION CENTER LOCATION: MALMO, SWEEDEN ARCHITECT: NORD

SYMBIOSIS

A M A R I N E E C O - S A N C T U A RY

RCE OU RES

T IL I T S/U

IES

AARON WOOLVERTON

20

TOURISTS TO THE TUN SAKARAN MARINE PARK

NTERNATIONAL PLACE FOR TRAVEL

REASONS FOR VISTING THE TSMP DOMESTIC VISITOR VISIT MARINE PARK

Visitor Data and Input Surveys

SNORKEL RURAL LIVLIHOODS / CULTURAL EMERGENCE HONEYMOON HOLIDAY / VACATION VISIT FRIENDS & FAMILY OTHER

DOMESTIC VISITOR INTERNATIONAL VISITOR

SCUBA DIVE

SNORKEL RURAL LIVLIHOODS / CULTURAL EMERGENCE HONEYMOON HOLIDAY / VACATION VISIT FRIENDS & FAMILY OTHER

ECO-TOURIST VISITING EXPERIENCE STATUS

AQUACULTURE

A M A R I N E E C O - S A N C T U A RY

SPECIES HARVESTING

CULTURAL WORKSHOPS

CULTURAL EMERGENCE

75%

FIRST-TIME EXPERIENCE

50%

STAY FOR ONLY ONE DAY

20th Visit

60th Visit

IMMEDIATE RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENT AFTER VISIT

AARON WOOLVERTON

50% YES 30% NO

70% YES 17% NO

60% YES 23% NO

70% YES 21% NO

20% UNSURE

13% UNSURE

17% UNSURE

9% UNSURE

NOT CONCERNED 15 | 6%

200 180 160 140 S TA K E H O L D E R S 120 TOURISTS TO THE TUN SAKARAN MARINE PARK INTERNATIONAL PLACE FOR TRAVEL 100 80 60 40 20 0 First Visit Second Visit Third Visit 4th to 9th Visit 10th to 19th Visit ALTERNATIVE ACTIVITY INTEREST SURVEY ADAPTING A PROGRAM TO SUIT LOCAL ECONOMIES SUSTAINABLY

CONCERNED 235 | 94%

SYMBIOSIS

INTERNATIONAL VISITOR VISIT MARINE PARK SCUBA DIVE

13

T U R ACritical L L ARegionalism NDSCAPES

CTION TOLocal THEValues NATURAL ENVIRONMENT and Practices

ADAPTIVE/BIOMIMIC LIFESTYLES

INTERIOR REEF (SHORELINE REEF)

IOSIS

PATCH REEF

FRINGING REEF

OUTER BARRIER REEF

LEPA BOAT FISH PINS SEAWEED HARVESTING

BARRIER ISLANDS rooted

BANKS growth (zooxanthellae)

DROP-OFF capture (polyp)

SULU SEA disperse (larvae)

(colony)

A N E C O - C U LT U R A L S A N C T U A RY

AARON WOOLVERTO

D EContextual S CONDITIONS I G N PInformation ROCESS EXISTING AT SITE Important Nodes and Areas

MANTABUAN REEFS

SIBUAN / CHURCH REEF

MANTABUAN REEFS

* LOCALS LIVE ON THE NORTHERN SIDE OF THE ISLAN DUE TO ACCES TO OPEN FISHING WATERS AND DEEPER PELAGIC FISH

PULAU BOHEY DULANG

PULAU BODGAYA

BOHEY DULANG REEF

ABONDONED AQUACULTURE ZONE ABONDONED PEARL FARM

RIBBON REEF

HIKING PATH TO OVERLOOK *THE SOUTHERN LAGOON IS HOME TO OVER 300 VERTEBRATES AND 600 FISH, INCLUDING HIHGLY ENDANGERED SPECIES.

(BAJAU)

N SEA

BOHEY DULANG REEF

(TOURISTS)

LAND

EXISTING JETTY & LANDING INTO THE PARK

CROSSING PATHS

SIMULTANEITY

SYSTEMATIC SUPPORT

PHYSICAL AND CULTURAL LANDSCAPES

ARCHITECTURAL TOOLS PROVIDE SUPPORT FOR GENERATIVE LANDSCAPES

N E C O -FOR C U L T U DEFINING R A L S AAND N CBLURRING T U A R YTHE LINE BETWEEN CREATING SYM B I OSPACES S I SAND ACIRCULATION NATURAL AND CULTURAL INTERSECTIONS

SYMBIOSIS

AARON WOOLVERTON

SYMBIOSIS Midreview Design MARINE RESEARCH & CONSERVATION THE TUN SAKARAN MARINE PARK

N

N

N

Plans and Sections 2 | MARINE RESEARCH

3 | MARINE RESEARCH

SCHEMATIC PLANS

SCALE 1/32” = 1’-0”

4 | MARINE PARK OPERATION

SCALE 1/32” = 1’-0”

SCALE 1/32” = 1’-0”

1 | SUB - MARINE FLOOR 4

5 4

4

3

1

2

1

3

6

2

5

3 4

GROWTH

2

4

1

1

1

1 | EXHIBIT SPACE 2 | MARINE EDUCATION 3 | NATURE EXHIBITS 4 | UNDERWATER EXPLORATORIUM 5 | CULTURAL SPACES

3 2

1 | MARINE RESEARCH HATCHERIES 2 | MARINE RESEARCH CLASSROOMS 3 | MARINE EDUCATION 4 | CONTROLLED ECOSYSTEM 5 | HATCHERIES 6 |RESEARCH CIRCULATION 1

SCHEMATIC SECTIONS

1 | VISITORS CENTER WITH CAFE/RECEPTION 2 | MECHANICAL SPACE 3 | PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH 4 | CONTROLLED ECOSYSTEM 5 | LOCAL AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION

LONGITUDINAL SECTION SCALE: 1/16” = 1’ - 0”

INDOOR HATCHERIES/ PARTICIPATORY LABS

1 | LODGING FOR RESEARCHERS AND STUDENTS 2 | MARINE RESEARCH OPERATIONS 3 | AUDITORIUM 4 | MARINE PARK OPERATIONS

RESEARCH OPERATIONS

BIO RESEARCH

MARINE PARK OPERATIONS AUDITORIUM

RESEARCH LABS

MARINE EDUCATION

BIO RESEARCH

NATURE EXHIBITS

DIVING UNDER

LODGING

RESEARCH LABS

CROSS SECTION SCALE: 1/16” = 1’ - 0”

ECO-TOURISTS

STAKEHOLDER PHYSICAL SPACE STAKEHOLDER PROVISIONS INTENT

MidreviewLOCALS Design

7

Axonometric Diagrams E LOCALS

6

F

6

3 H

F

F 5 A 3 RESEARCH TOURISM H

4 7

G

5 RESEARCH

7

F

E A

TOURISM

4

G

7

6

E

5

E

5

1

4

3

4

3

D

D

6

B

2 A

B

A

C

1

D

D

2

H

G

1

C

LEGEND H

G

1 | VISITORS CENTER & CAFE 2 | MARINE RESEARCH 3LEGEND | MARINE EDUCATION 4 | MARINE RESEARCH ADMIN 5 | OPEN ATRIUM AND NATURE EXHIBITS VISITORSPARK CENTER & CAFE 61 || MARINE OPERATIONS MARINE RESEARCH 72 || LODGING FOR STUDENTS & RESEARCHERS 3 | MARINE EDUCATION | HATCHERIES MARINE RESEARCH ADMIN A4 | AND SMALL NURSERIES OPEN ATRIUM AND/ NATURE EXHIBITS B5 || LARGE AQUARIUM CONTROLLED ECOSYSTEM 6 | MARINE PARK OPERATIONS C | UNDERWATER EXHIBITS (UNDERWATER) 7 | LODGING FOR STUDENTS & RESEARCHERS D | MARINE PARK NATURE/CULTURAL EXHIBITS

1

N

PLAN VIEW SCALE: 1” = 100’

CIRCULATION

E | CULTURAL WORKSHOPS/SMALL MARKET HATCHERIES AND SMALL NURSERIES FA||AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION | UNDERWATER LARGE AQUARIUM CONTROLLED ECOSYSTEM GB | REEF /OBSERVATORY UNDERWATER EXHIBITS (UNDERWATER) HC || ARTIFICIAL REEF / LIVE NURSERY GROUNDS D | MARINE PARK NATURE/CULTURAL EXHIBITS E | CULTURAL WORKSHOPS/SMALL MARKET F | AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION G | UNDERWATER REEF OBSERVATORY H | ARTIFICIAL REEF / LIVE NURSERY GROUNDS

LIVE CORAL NURSERY

LIVE CORAL NURSERY

N

PLAN VIEW SCALE: 1” = 100’

Eco-Tourists

LIVE CORAL NURSERY

Researchers N

PLAN VIEW SCALE: 1” = 100’

Locals

Midreview Design Original Concept Renderings

SITE PLAN SCALE” 1/64” = 1’-0”

Vernacular Systems Striving For Critical Regionalism Taking cues from local tradition and architecture while simultaneously adapting the design to site specific constraints including climatic forces, boundaries, and existing context.

BAMBOO STUDS WD OR NIPAH (COCONUT LEAF)

LOWLAND WD TIMBER

TWIN GIRDER SUPPORTS

CONTEMPORARY MALAY HOUSE

ADDITIVE & NUCLEAR ARCHITECTURE

BAJAU LAUT BOGGO BOAT - MEANS OF MOVEMENT

BANIG WEAVING

ARTISTRY

WOVEN FISH PINS

WOVEN SKINS

Passive Systems Designing In The Tropics

N

S SU

LE ANG

ROO

RD WA F TO

Y OP CAN

OF RO

O

ND WI

H NS SU N PE

AD

BURROWED THERMAL MASS

ES

R FO

NATURAL COOLING FROM WATER

TO E IN TION PAC TILA S T N IEN VE OR OSS R C

GENERAL FORM RULE-SETS

WIND DIRECTION IN RELATION TO DRY-BULB TEMPS

DEVELOP POCKETS FOR AIRFLOW

COASTLINE

COASTLINE

COASTLINE

AVERAGE WIND DIRECTION AT SITE

THERMAL MASS RULES

WIND DIRECTIONS WITH RELATIVE HUMIDITY

Environmental Systems Site Section and Analysis The existing site features several ecosystems that cooperate in order to establish equilibrium. However, the deforested mangrove tidal zone negatively impacts the Bohey Dulong reef.

IC

ECO

TEM SYS

L NA TIO SEC

S AT OT H S AP

TIDAL FOREST Supports aviaries, mollusks, and hundreds of invertebrates. Naturally, mangroves balance salinity levels, clean waters, and store the highest amount of carbon compared to other tree species.

ITE

SN

total tid shoral e

tro

lc

a

pic

d lou

es for

bac

t

e& dg

k re

affec ted a rea

ef

barr reefier

gle

jun

n tio eta eg n dv tio n la iza S ter low n VE e & RO sed ock r G & S e re AN ND on sho lz TM OU sta S R a G co LO

r ri pe up

RY SH SE BLI UR TA N S E AL RE IDE

LIT TO R

AL ZO N

E BL ILA

E (C

drop

off

la g o

EF RE

FO

SYM BIOME

R

AN PL NS A TR

TS

onal

reef

MANGROVE AND CORAL CONNECTION Tidal forests have a direct relationship to coastal corals. Mangrove Forests provide natural fisheries for fish that manage coral reef. Corals provide mangroves healthier, filtered waters.

flat

PHOTIC ZONE

NORTH

A AV

OA ST

EN

VIR ON M

EN TS)

DEFORESTED

Final Design Ecosystemic Solution One of the major interventions within symbiosis is utilizing the ecosystemic idea of the “Sym-biome”. Understanding the rich and supportive relationship between marine ecosystems in reference to vernacular architecture became the key to providing a sensible and sensitive solution.

INCOMING TIDAL / SURFACE FORCES

BAJAU LAUT BOGGO BOAT

SLOWER AND COOLER WATERS

EROSION REDUCER

LOW TIDE

HIGH TIDE

Final Design Phasing | Existing Conditions Removing abandoned constructs that are slowly decomposing on the existing site location.

LOFTED HOUSE

MAIN OPERATIONS

HOUSING/LODGING PEARL FARM FIELDS SUPPORT

DE

MO LIS

H

STORAGE/BOAT CHURCH REEF MANTABUAN

SIBUAN BODGAYA

POM POM MAIGA BOHEY DULANG SELAKAN

SEBANGKAT

TUN SAKARAN MARINE PARK

NG STI EXI

T JET

Y

IRC +C

T ULA

ION

Final Design Phasing | Ecosystem Rehabilitation Providing the new artificial fishery and hatchery system as well as outboard dive stations that support reef growth.

REPLANTED MANGROVE TIDAL FOREST

CHURCH REEF MANTABUAN

SIBUAN BODGAYA

POM POM MAIGA BOHEY DULANG SELAKAN

SEBANGKAT

TUN SAKARAN MARINE PARK

Wave Break System

Final Design Phasing | Program Establishment New built forms will be located where existing constructs touched the ground to limit disruption.

Export Transplants to Support Reef Health

Live Coral Nursery

Existing Reef for Grafting

CHURCH REEF

Aquacultural Field MANTABUAN

SIBUAN BODGAYA

POM POM MAIGA BOHEY DULANG SELAKAN

SEBANGKAT

TUN SAKARAN MARINE PARK

Final Design Design Components

Seaweed Drying Platform

Planters

Research Station

Walkway

Final Design Marine Research Station

Final Design Design Components

Dive Station

Visitor’s Center

Final Design Visitor’s Center