First Break February 2022 - Digitalization / Machine Learning by EAGE

VO L U M E 4 0 I I S S U E 2 I F E B R U A R Y 2 0 2 2

SPECIAL TOPIC

Digitalization / Machine Learning EAGE NEWS Full steam ahead for annual in Madrid TECHNICAL ARTICLE Monitoring using time-lapse Walkaway DAS-VSP data INDUSTRY NEWS Oil and gas finds hit historic low

IT’S NOT JUST WHERE YOU LOOK, IT’S HOW. cgg.com/satellite

FIRST BREAK® An EAGE Publication

CHAIR EDITORIAL BOARD Gwenola Michaud (Gwenola.Michaud@cognite.com) EDITOR Damian Arnold (editorfb@eage.org) MEMBERS, EDITORIAL BOARD • Paul Binns, consultant (pebinns@btinternet.com) • Lodve Berre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (lodve.berre@ntnu.no) • Satinder Chopra, SamiGeo (satinder.chopra@samigeo.com) • Anthony Day, PGS (anthony.day@pgs.com) • Peter Dromgoole, Retired Geophysicist (peterdromgoole@gmail.com) • Rutger Gras, Consultant (r.gras@gridadvice.nl) • Hamidreza Hamdi, University of Calgary (hhamdi@ucalgary.ca) • John Reynolds, Reynolds International (jmr@reynolds-international.co.uk) • James Rickett, Schlumberger (jrickett@slb.com) • Peter Rowbotham, Apache (Peter.Rowbotham@apachecorp.com) • Dave Stewart, Dave Stewart Geoconsulting Ltd (djstewart.dave@gmail.com) • Femke Vossepoel, Delft University of Technology (f.c.vossepoel@tudelft.nl) • Angelika-Maria Wulff, Kuwait Oil Company (AWulff@kockw.com) EAGE EDITOR EMERITUS Andrew McBarnet (andrew@andrewmcbarnet.com) MEDIA PRODUCTION Saskia Nota (firstbreakproduction@eage.org) PRODUCTION ASSISTANT Ivana Geurts (firstbreakproduction@eage.org) ADVERTISING INQUIRIES corporaterelations@eage.org EAGE EUROPE OFFICE PO Box 59 3990 DB Houten The Netherlands • +31 88 995 5055 • eage@eage.org • www.eage.org EAGE RUSSIA & CIS OFFICE EAGE Russia & CIS Office EAGE Geomodel LLC 19 Leninsky Prospekt 119071, Moscow, Russia • +7 495 640 2008 • moscow@eage.org • www.eage.ru EAGE MIDDLE EAST OFFICE EAGE Middle East FZ-LLC Dubai Knowledge Village Block 13 Office F-25 PO Box 501711 Dubai, United Arab Emirates • +971 4 369 3897 • middle_east@eage.org • www.eage.org EAGE ASIA PACIFIC OFFICE UOA Centre Office Suite 19-15-3A No. 19, Jalan Pinang 50450 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia • +60 3 272 201 40 • asiapacific@eage.org • www.eage.org EAGE AMERICAS SAS Calle 93 # 18-28 Oficina 704 Bogota, Colombia • +57 1 4232948 • americas@eage.org • www.eage.org EAGE MEMBERS CHANGE OF ADDRESS NOTIFICATION Send to: EAGE Membership Dept at EAGE Office (address above) FIRST BREAK ON THE WEB www.firstbreak.org

Making crewless offshore surveys a reality: a European case study.

Editorial Contents 3

EAGE News

Personal Record Interview

Monthly Update

Crosstalk

Industry News

Technical Articles 31 Monitoring dynamic changes in reservoir production using time-lapse Walkaway DAS-VSP data G. Yu, Z.H. Zhao, S.M. He, X.L. Zhang and Y.Z. Chen 41 Nordkapp TopSeis/node acquisition — Lessons from a modelling study Jan-Erik Lie, Vetle Vinje, Per Eivind Dhelie, Hao Jiang, Vidar Danielsen and Nicolas Salaun

Special Topic: Digitalization / Machine Learning 51 Efficient swell noise removal using a global deep neural network model Alejandro Valeciano, Olga Brusova and Cheng Cheng 57 Reconstructing seismic images and creating pseudo-3D volumes: a machine learning approach Paul de Groot, Arnaud Huck and Marieke van Hout 63 Digital gains from natural grains Ehsan Z. Naeini, Eirik Larsen, Dimitris Oikonomou and Behzad Alaei 67

Making crewless offshore surveys a reality: a European case study Martin Galavazi and Lex Veerhuis

73 A machine learning pipeline for document extraction Chin Hang Lun, Thomas Hewitt and Song Hou 79 Using artificial intelligence to capture tabular data in mining document at scale Henri Blondelle, Amit Juneja and Brian Hoffman 85 Centralization and empowerment – how new architecture is revolutionizing subsurface efficiencies Chris Hanton 89 From interpreter’s labels to probability for injectite sands: AI-assisted interpretation Erik Holtar

Feature 95 Heterogeneous HPC: Challenges, current and future trends Fabrice Dupros, Gaël Youinou, Saber Feki and Philippe Thierry 98

Calendar

cover: DUG’s supercomputing network.

ISSN 0263-5046 (print) / ISSN 1365-2397 (online) FIRST

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European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers

Board 2021-2022

Dirk Orlowsky President

Jean-Marc Rodriguez Vi c e-President

Near Surface Geoscience Division Alireza Malehmir Chair Esther Bloem Vice-Chair George Apostolopoulos Immediate Past Chair Micki Allen Contact Officer EEGS/North America Hongzhu Cai Liaison China Albert Casas Membership Officer Eric Cauquil Liaison Shallow Marine Geophysics Deyan Draganov Technical Programme Officer Hamdan Ali Hamdan Liaison Middle East Vladimir Ignatev Liaison Russia / CIS Andreas Kathage Liaison Officer First Break Musa Manzi Liaison Africa Myrto Papadopoulou Young Professional Liaison Koya Suto Liaison Asia Pacific Catherine Truffert Industry Liaison Panagiotis Tsourlos Editor-in-Chief Near Surface Geophysics Florina Tuluca Committee Member

Pascal Breton Secretary-Treasurer

Oil & Gas Geoscience Division

Caroline Le Turdu Membership and Cooperation Officer

Peter Rowbotham Publications Officer

Lucy Slater Chair Yohaney Gomez Galarza Vice-Chair Michael Peter Suess Immediate Past Chair; TPC Erica Angerer Member Wiebke Athmer Member Juliane Heiland TPC Tijmen Jan Moser Editor-in-Chief Geophysical Prospecting Francesco Perrone Member Matteo Ravasi YP Liaison Philip Ringrose Editor-in-Chief Petroleum Geoscience Giovanni Sosio DET SIC Liaison Aart-Jan van Wijngaarden Technical Programme Officer

Colin MacBeth Education Officer

SUBSCRIPTIONS First Break is published monthly. It is free to EAGE members. The membership fee of EAGE is € 80.00 a year (including First Break, EarthDoc (EAGE’s geoscience database), Learning Geoscience (EAGE’s Education website) and online access to a scientific journal. Companies can subscribe to First Break via an institutional subscription. Every subscription includes a monthly hard copy and online access to the full First Break archive for the requested number of online users. Aart-Jan van Wijngaarden Technical Programme Officer

Alireza Malehmir Chair Near Surface Geoscience Division

Orders for current subscriptions and back issues should be sent to EAGE Publications BV, Journal Subscriptions, PO Box 59, 3990 DB, Houten, The Netherlands. Tel: +31 (0)88 9955055, E-mail: subscriptions@eage.org, www.firstbreak.org.

Lucy Slater Chair Oil & Gas Geoscience Division

First Break is published by EAGE Publications BV, The Netherlands. However, responsibility for the opinions given and the statements made rests with the authors. COPYRIGHT & PHOTOCOPYING © 2022 EAGE All rights reserved. First Break or any part thereof may not be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transcribed in any form or by any means, electronically or mechanically, including photocopying and recording, without the prior written permission of the publisher. PAPER The publisher’s policy is to use acid-free permanent paper (TCF), to the draft standard ISO/DIS/9706, made from sustainable forests using chlorine-free pulp (Nordic-Swan standard).

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HIGHLIGHTS

Geological CO2 storage goes mainstream

East Mediterranean workshop highlights

Students take transition initiative

Full steam ahead for EAGE Annual in Madrid The Call for Abstracts is now closed and the process of reviewing and selecting papers out of the large pool of submissions is underway. We would like to extend a big thank you to everyone who submitted an abstract - your input is highly valuable and we are confident that we are heading for another high quality programme at the Annual Meeting in Madrid in June. The papers submitted cover a wide array of topics and disciplines and we are excited to see this reflected in the sessions that our Technical Programme Committee is working on. As ever we foresee an extensive programme delivering insights into the newest developments in the energy industry. Everyone registered for the event will be able to access the programme regardless of the travel situation at the time of the event. This is because the EAGE Annual will be organised in Madrid with hybrid elements. It means any accepted abstract and accompanying presentation at the conference can be viewed. More information about the format of the event will be made available on our website. We expect EAGE Annual 2022 will again include a series of plenary forum sessions in which energy leaders and top analysts will shed light on key topics impacting geoscience and engineering. In keeping with EAGE’s ongoing strategy we will also be featuring some sessions

dedicated to energy transition issues for our professional community as well as the increasing interest and application of digital solutions. The energy theme is being carried over to the planning of the Exhibition for the Madrid event. New projects, initiatives, and products will be introduced for the first time in a special area focused solely on Energy Transition. It will provide an

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opportunity for companies to showcase how their operations are reaching the net-zero emission targets by 2050 set by governments. If you’d like to attend this year’s event in Madrid, we invite you to register today on our website at EAGEANNUAL2022. ORG. If you sign up before 15 March, you will also benefit from the Early Bird registration fee.

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EAGE NEWS

Geological CO2 storage aims to bring topic into the mainstream

EAGE’s latest course entitled ‘Geological CO2 Storage’ is quite something. Launched in January it is part of our growing education offering on the Energy Transition, but more than that, it is also the largest training

programme to be made available on our Learning Geoscience platform. This extensive online course is a collaborative programme developed by five experts in carbon capture utilisation

and storage (CCUS) – Andreas Busch, Eric Mackay and Florian Doster from Heriot-Watt University, Martin Landro (NTNU) and Philip Ringrose (Equinor, NTNU). It consists of seven modules, each comprising video lectures and quizzes that participants can complete at their own pace, plus seven live Q&A webinars with the instructors. The course is intended to be a great starting point for those interested in the geoscience and engineering aspects of carbon capture and storage. It covers all the main challenges to gain a solid big-picture understanding, and goes into sufficient technical details to provide concrete elements to pursue work in this field: from project design, storage requirements, flow mechanics to monitoring, risk assessment and public perception. To learn more about the programme, visit www.LearningGeoscience.org and join the next edition starting on 3 May 2022.

ADDITIONS THIS MONTH Highlights of February additions to EarthDoc both demonstrate the changing technological landscape of geosciences. In February the Second EAGE Conference on Seismic Inversion will be on EarthDoc. It boasts 30 papers in the fast growing area of seismic inversion and quantitative interpretation methods. Contributions across industry and academia both demonstrate examples of current progress, recent breakthroughs and future trends in seismic inversion methodologies and their applications. The 2nd EAGE Digitalization Conference and Exhibition being held in March in Vienna features the latest technical developments regarding the use of digitization tools to ensure the future resiliency, safety and efficiency of the oil and gas and energy industries. Soon you will be able to browse over 80 abstracts related to key digital transformation themes such as: machine and deep learning applications, modelling, asset optimisation and management, cloud computing, as well as document/data management and information systems. In addition new issues of Near Surface Geophysics, Geophysical Prospecting, Basin Research and Petroleum Geoscience journals will be uploaded onto the database.

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THAT’S NOT AN EAR. THIS IS AN EAR!

There’s no need to pull a rabbit out of a hat when it comes to reflection FWI. DUG’s unique augmented acoustic wave equation isolates the “roo ears” for high-resolution velocity updates beyond the diving-wave limit. It also enables least-squares imaging using the entire wavefield providing high-frequency reflectivity volumes for quantitative interpretation. Simultaneous velocity model building and least-squares imaging directly from field data. A roo-volution in seismic imaging!

EAGE NEWS

Gravity and magnetics online education course open for business A new online training programme entitled ‘Non-Seismic Data Acquisition and Processing: Gravity & Magnetics’ is being introduced on our Learning Geoscience platform. It includes comprehensive course material and hands-on exercises that you can explore at your own pace, as well as six live sessions of two hours with the instructor Jaap Mondt, ex-Shell geoscientist and experienced educator. Gravity and magnetics are two of the most important methods for non-seismic data acquisition and processing. They often enable complementary information that is not provided by seismic methods alone. The new training programme may help to assist in unlocking more

An iron ore mining field.

value from your subsurface analysis by combining seismic with non-seismic techniques. The course is designed to provide an improved understanding of the use of gravity and magnetics data, but also the benefits of employing them in geophysical acquisition projects and how to define a budget for a non-seismic project. We are excited to introduce this course in 2022 as our education catalogue expands to more disciplines and their multidisciplinary connections. You can join one of the next editions, either on 7 March or 3 October 2022, and enjoy access to all course elements for a full month after the start. For more information about webinar times, visit www.LearningGeoscience.org.

EAGE Online Education Calendar VELOCITIES, IMAGING, AND WAVEFORM INVERSION - THE EVOLUTION OF CHARACTERIZING THE EARTH’S SUBSURFACE, BY I.F. JONES (ONLINE EET)

SELF PACED COURSE

6 CHAPTERS OF 1 HR

GEOSTATISTICAL RESERVOIR MODELING, BY D. GRANA

SELF PACED COURSE

8 CHAPTERS OF 1 HR

CARBONATE RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION, BY L. GALLUCCIO

SELF PACED COURSE

8 CHAPTERS OF 1 HR

1-4 FEB

INTRODUCTION TO WATERFLOOD MANAGEMENT, BY I. SAAD

SHORT COURSE

4 CHAPTERS OF 4 HRS

10-11 FEB

3D MODELING OF NATURALLY FRACTURED RESERVOIRS, BY T. WYNN

SHORT COURSE

2 CHAPTERS OF 4 HRS

15-16 FEB

GEOSTATISTICAL RESERVOIR MODELING AND UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION, BY D. GRANA

SHORT COURSE

2 CHAPTERS OF 4 HRS

15-17 FEB

SEISMIC DIFFRACTION – MODELING, IMAGING AND APPLICATIONS, BY T.J. MOSER

SHORT COURSE

3 CHAPTERS OF 4 HRS

21-22 FEB

INTEGRATED SEISMIC ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING, BY J. BOUSKA

SHORT COURSE

2 CHAPTERS OF 4 HRS

21 FEB 22 MAR

INTRODUCTION TO MACHINE LEARNING FOR GEOPHYSICAL APPLICATIONS, BY J. MONDT

EXTENSIVE COURSE*

5 CHAPTERS OF 1-2 HRS

1-4 MAR

CASE STUDIES AND PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN GEOPHYSICAL ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING METHODS, BY L. DE VINCENZI

SHORT COURSE

4 CHAPTERS OF 4 HRS

7 MAR 7 APR

NON-SEISMIC DATA ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING: GRAVITY AND MAGNETICS, BY J. MONDT

EXTENSIVE COURSE*

6 CHAPTERS OF 2 HRS

10-11 MAR

MIGRATION AND VELOCITY MODEL BUILDING, BY P. GERRITSMA

SHORT COURSE

2 CHAPTERS OF 4 HRS

15-18 MAR

MODERN SEISMIC RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION, BY L. THOMSEN

SHORT COURSE

4 CHAPTERS OF 4 HRS

22-25 MAR

3D PRINTING AS AN EMERGING TECHNOLOGY IN GEOSCIENCES, BY F. HASIUK & S. ISHUTOV

SHORT COURSE

4 CHAPTERS OF 4 HRS

28-29 MAR

THE BENEFIT OF BROADBAND TECHNOLOGY FOR RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION AND IMAGING – THE END-USER VALUE, BY C. REISER

SHORT COURSE

2 CHAPTERS OF 4 HRS

5 APR 5 MAY

DATA SCIENCE FOR GEOSCIENCE, BY J. CAERS

EXTENSIVE COURSE*

4 CHAPTERS OF 1-2 HRS

5-8 APR

MITIGATING BIAS, BLINDNESS AND ILLUSION IN E&P DECISION MAKING, BY M. BOND

SHORT COURSE

4 CHAPTERS OF 4 HRS

START AT ANY TIME

* EXTENSIVE SELF PACED MATERIALS AND INTERACTIVE SESSIONS WITH THE INSTRUCTORS: CHECK SCHEDULE OF EACH COURSE FOR DATES AND TIMES OF LIVE SESSIONS FOR THE FULL CALENDAR, MORE INFORMATION AND REGISTRATION PLEASE VISIT WWW.EAGE.ORG AND WWW.LEARNINGGEOSCIENCE.ORG.

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EAGE NEWS

Application call for Gustavo Sclocchi theses awards 2022

To reward outstanding university graduates specialising in areas related to the energy industry, EAGE is collaborating once again with SPE Italian Section (Society of Petroleum Engineers) and Assorisorse (Sustainable Natural Resources and Energy) in organising the 29th Gustavo Sclocchi Theses Awards. University graduates from Italian universities and Italian nationals graduated abroad who have completed their studies in the period from 1 October 2020 to 31 December 2021 (date reported on graduation certificate) are entitled to submit their published thesis for the award. The thesis must cover subjects related to energy, e.g., exploration, production and transport of hydrocarbons; geology & geophysics applied to geoenergy geothermal energy; green refinery feedstocks; renewa-

ble sources; energy transition; carbon management and neutrality; energy economics; hydrogen applications; circular economy; health, safety, and environment. Participation instructions are detailed on http://connect.spe.org/italy/home and www.eageseg.org. Questions can be addressed to: sclocchiaward@gmail. com. Candidates must fill the registration form https://bit.ly/sclocchiaward-application2021 with contact information, abstract and electronic copy of the thesis before 28 February 2022. Graduation certificate will need to be submitted before the award ceremony in June 2022. The Boards of Directors of the SPE Italian Section, the EAGE-SEG Italian Section, and Assorisorse will jointly appoint the Evaluation Committee, composed of experts in the above-mentioned areas. The Evaluation Committee decision is final and is not subject to appeal. The theses will be evaluated and awarded according to the following categories: A) Master of Science (Laurea Magistrale) theses and Doctor of Philos-

ophy (Dottorato di Ricerca) theses; B) 2nd Level Master Reports and Bachelor of Science (Laurea di I livello) theses. The prize for each thesis under category A will be €2400 and a certificate. The prize for each thesis under category B will be €1200 and a certificate. Optional awards for runners-up will consist of a ‘special mention’ certificate. Reference to award-winning theses will be published in the SPE Bulletin (Italian Section), First Break journal, and on Assorisorse website (www.assorisorse.org). Theses with multiple authors will be rewarded with a single prize or ‘special mention’ Certificate. The total and maximum amount of the prize for both categories is €10,800. A maximum of 20 ‘special mention’ certificates will be provided in total for both categories. The award ceremony will take place in June 2022 in the Aula Magna of Politecnico di Milano (Piazza Leonardo da Vinci) and via online streaming. Winners of categories A and B will deliver a short presentation of their theses.

Winners announced in LC Czech student thesis competition Student prizes have been awarded for the 10th year in a row in collaboration with Local Chapter Czech Republic. The honours, initiated and supported by Seismik since 2011, recognise the best Bachelor and Masters thesis in geophysics, and have been open

to international students from last year. The winner of the Masters thesis category was Galina Simeonova from the University of Vienna and Comenius University of Bratislava. An honorary mention in the Bachelor thesis category

MSc Galina Simeonova at the prize ceremony in Prague.

went to Jaroslav Jaroš from Charles University (Faculty of Mathematics and Physics). Both Seismik and G Impuls contributed to the cash prize and both winners were also offered a voucher to attend a course of their choice from EAGE’s Learning Geoscience platform.

BSc Jaroslav Jaroš at the prize ceremony in Prague.

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EAGE NEWS

Expect ambitious initiatives from WGE leadership A new team took over the lead of the EAGE Women in Geoscience & Engineering (WGE) Special Interest Group in November 2021 with plans to build on its successful growth and support for professional women. If you have been a member of the Association for some time, you probably know this is one of our oldest and largest special interest groups, with the mission of growing a collaborative network – across genders, ages and specializations – and supporting equity in the fields of geoscience and engineering. Motivational advice and mentoring, sharing career opportunities and discussing the challenges of women’s retention in the industry have been at the heart of the WGE activities since the start. Over time, the conversation has greatly expanded, touching upon issues such as diversity, inclusion and - more recently - work/life balance (especially in times of lockdown), dual careers and leadership. Being part of the WGE community and of the team enabling this discussion is truly inspiring and so are the team members. Anna Lim (Argeo, Norway), a new member of the team, explains what motivates her to serve on the WGE committee. ‘Personal experience of being a woman in a largely male-dominated branch of academia and industry - with both good and bad aspects - is of course one of the main reasons to reflect on the subject and

engage in the conversation. One of the driving motivations to join, however, is learning. I believe that we all can do better in recognising our own biases and improving our judgement, but we need to take responsibility in educating ourselves and navigating through the constantly changing world. I personally hope to learn from my fellow-committee members as well as from the wider discussions within the WGE network, and to provide the tools and space for others to do the same.’ For some, the WGE Committee is also a platform to share best practices and facilitate connections within the EAGE network. For example, Nawal de Freslon (Beicip-Franlab, France) has been involved in the EAGE for some time already, first as part of the EAGE Student Chapter IFP School, then, leading the EAGE Local Chapter Paris, which it won the prize for Best Local Chapter of the Year in 2021. ‘Now I wanted to take another direction in the EAGE’, she says. Chukwunonso Ikiliagwu (Shell, Nigeria) explains how she was inspired to get involved. ‘After the discussion in the WGE forum at the Annual Conference in Amsterdam,’ she says, ‘I found a unique opportunity to be a part of something I am deeply passionate about - inclusion - so I grabbed it. I was impressed by how we were able to discuss in detail the challenges that women face in the workplace, people shared their

‘Half a century of Dutch geological mapping personified’ by Michiel van der Meulen, EAGE/EFG Photo Contest 2021.

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‘Women geoscientists recording data in the field’ by Marlene Tielmann, EAGE/EFG Photo Contest 2021.

experience, and it was enlightening and refreshing. Working with a company that walks the talk on inclusion has been a huge fuel for my inclusion advocacy journey and I believe volunteering with the WGE committee is me following through with my commitment to be a part of the change I want to see in the world.’ For Hon Vai Yee (PETRONAS, Malaysia), being part of the WGE team is a wonderful way to serve the community. ‘My involvement has significantly enhanced my leadership skills. Above all, I enjoy the opportunity to meet and work with other members across the globe, getting insights on different perspectives.’ With the transition to a ‘new normal’, the WGE team is ready to start a new chapter, more international and even more motivated. If you would you like to follow their journey, then make sure to connect with the WGE LinkedIn group to learn about and get involved in its activities, including the Special Session scheduled for the 83rd EAGE Annual Conference in Madrid. Remember too that the International Day of Women and Girls in Science is on 11 February. By resolution of the UN General Assembly on 22 December 2015, the day recognises the critical role women and girls play in science and technology.

EAGE NEWS

EAGE LC Germany hears the Fraunhofer geoscience research story

Frank Strozyk.

To address the challenges of the energy transition and the need for future innovation, EAGE LC Germany invited Dr Frank Strozyk, head of transfer and communication, Fraunhofer Research Institution for Energy Infrastructures and Geothermal Systems (IEG) to discuss his institution’s current activities focused on geoscience topics. The Fraunhofer is Europe’s biggest society for application-oriented research with approximately 30,000 staff divided into 75 institutes and research units, both publicly and industry funded. IEG itself is scattered across seven locations in the inner belt of Germany, strongly associated with the looming phase-out of coal. Within IEG, energy R&D is clustered in six research units, covering inter-disciplinary topics requiring both geoscientists and engineers. As well as integrated energy infrastructures including hydrogen, technologies for thermodynamic conversion such as heating and cooling systems, grids, and heat pumps are researched. On the geoscience side, there is a strong focus on geothermal energy, plus carbon capture storage (CCS) and utilisation (CCU). With regards to the ongoing energy transition, Strozyk mentioned the ongoing project to assess the re-use of abandoned coal seams of underground mines in the Ruhr area for heat storage purposes. One of the biggest challenges in meeting Germa-

ny’s heat demand is the phase-out of coal, since these plants not only supply power but also waste heat which is commercialised for district heating. Quoting an unknown source, Strozyk said: ‘Heat is half the energy transition, and geothermal energy is a sustainable and climate-friendly heating technology that can help replacing fossil fuels.’ However, geothermal R&D is often limited in Germany due to a lack of data. Historically, most geophysical data such as wells and seismic data are legacy assets from the oil and gas industry, whose activities were focused on Northern and Southern Germany. Only sparse data are available for central Germany, so that IEG is acquiring both new seismic data and drilling wells. To illustrate Fraunhofer’s applied R&D approach, Strozyk highlight ed the Weisweiler geothermal project, related to the scheduled shutdown of a lignite plant in 2028, which is operated by RWE in Rhineland. Apart from power, it also provides around 85 MW of waste heat for district heating to nearby Aachen. However, Aachen, aka Aix-La-Chapelle, is well known for its hot sulphur springs since Roman times. Therefore, a joint project with industry partners was set up to explore the use of geothermal energy for district heating. Apart from a shallow exploration well, around 150 km² of 3D seismic data will be acquired. Afterwards, it is planned to drill a production and one injector well. In addition, a seismic monitoring system will be installed to record any seismicity since it is an active seismic region. The surface research power plant will be constructed by Fraunhofer IEG. Other initiatives mentioned by Strozyk included the European GECO project, which aims to lower emissions from geothermal power generation by capturing them for either reuse or storage. A pilot project is ongoing in Iceland, in which CO2 and H2S

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is captured, injected, and mineralised in the reservoir. Now, IEG is testing the technology in Bochum in an urban area to assess both technical and commercial viability. With regards to hydrogen, the storage potential of geological rock formations, covering geo-based evaluation criteria, rock-hydrogen interaction and integrity assessment of underground hydrogen storage facilities are being researched through the H2 sponge project. Another project covers micro turbines drilling (MTD) to improve reservoir connectivity, which has been already successfully tested.

Elias Khashfe.

In a second talk, Elias Khashfe covered the development of a heat demand map of North-West Europe. DGE-ROLLOUT - Roll-out of Deep Geothermal Energy in North-West Europe aims to establish economic use of deep geothermal reservoirs for energy generation. As a component of this project, a heat demand map is being developed to determine the spatial heat demand distribution of residential and commercial buildings in Northwest Europe. The map is being developed by merging regional heat demand data, partly obtained from heat consumption data and partly calculated. A recording of the talks is available on EAGE’s YouTube channel. EAGE LC Germany thanks Fraunhofer IEG, Frank Strozyk and Elias Khashfe for their insights.

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EAGE NEWS

Cyprus workshop highlights petroleum and energy transition activities in the Eastern Mediterranean

WORKSHOP

REPORT

John Underhill, professor of geoscience & energy transition, Heriot-Watt University, reports on EAGE’s 3rd Eastern Mediterranean Workshop held on 1-3 December in Larnaca, Cyprus. After months of planning, the much anticipated three-day EAGE Eastern Mediterranean workshop was held in Cyprus, the first two days of which took place at the Radisson Blu Hotel in Larnaca followed by a bespoke field trip to see the Troodos Ophiolite on the last day. The workshop went ahead as a hybrid event with 80 participants, 42 of whom were on site and a further 38 joining the event remotely. Despite the challenges presented by a combined in-person and online event, the workshop was a huge success and thanks go to the main sponsors, Chevron, Cyprus Hydrocarbons Company (CHC) and Emerson for their support of the event. The technical content of the workshop was rich and diverse with a number of the major operators presenting the results, new insights and the wider implications of their in-house studies for the first time. Whilst many of the themes and content continue to be preoccupied by the petroleum potential in the area, a notable and welcome addition

Participants had the opportunity to engage with more than 30 presentations by both on-site and online speakers.

to this workshop was the inclusion of talks focusing on decarbonisation, the energy transition and ambition to meet net zero emission targets. The tone of the meeting was set on the first morning with two excellent keynote presentations by Demetris Fessas (CHC), who gave an overview outlining the natural gas developments and the energy transition in Cyprus and by Jamie Collard (Westwood Global Energy Group), who provided the outlook for high impact exploration in the region. These talks were followed by Joanna Papoulia (Hellenic Centre for Marine Research), who provided the geophysical basis for understanding the crustal structure of the Eastern Mediterranean. The first session was rounded off by Rune Wold (Chevron), who outlined the history of exploration success and challenges with delineating reservoirs in the discoveries. The second session focused on regional geology and the impact of salt. Mark Hamilton (PGS) illustrated the variety and complexity of the Messinian evaporites

Networking during the event.

The workshop opened with a welcome speech by Co-Chair, Verity Agar, ION.

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and their impact for sub-salt imaging and prospectivity. He was followed by Nikos Lykakis (Hellenic Petroleum). Having studied the self-same field exposures as part of my PhD studies, it was great to see how the observations drawn from the onshore are aiding Hellenic’s offshore subsurface interpretations in Western Greece. Stefaan Van Simaeys (ExxonMobil) showed how the acquisition of a new 3D seismic survey and subsequent drilling of two exploration wells revealed several unique features within the Messinian evaporite section in offshore Cyprus. The first morning’s session was completed by Angelos Mousouliotis (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki), who introduced us to salt deformation patterns in the Herodotus Basin. The afternoon began with Lin Christianson’s keynote, which described how Chevron applied seismic inversion method in the Levant Basin to characterise the reservoir structure in the Leviathan Field. The talk was complimented by a further presentation by Megan Stearman (also from Chevron), who described the deep-water stratigraphic architecture and heterogeneity of Miocene reservoirs in the basin. The session was completed by Peter Shiner, who provided an overview of the full variety of carbonate sequences that characterise the Mediterranean and Stefano Patruno (University of Nicosia), who described fieldwork in a Miocene reef build-up at Cape Greco in Cyprus and its implications for the Zohr play. The final session of day one consisted of three talks. Ioulietta Mikellidou reported results from a combined study between the University of Nicosia and the National and Kopodistrian University, Athens which described transects undertaken across the Pre-Apulian Zone in Kefalonia and its implications for carbonate reservoirs in Western Greece. Her talk was followed by Yevgeny Kreisserman (Isramco Negev), who outlined the

EAGE NEWS

character of the Dakar Anticline, a giant anticline capped by a carbonate build up. Finally, Ioannis Alexandridis (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki) outlined the source rocks in the Ionian Basin and then did a deep dive into the potential of the Pantokrator Formation. Day two started with a keynote delivered by Paola Ronchi, who highlighted how Eni has used new technologies to unlock the petroleum potential in the basin. This was followed by Andrew Madof and Tyler Kent (both Chevron), who demonstrated how new methods were being deployed to evaluate and quantify Messinian reservoirs and to understand direct hydrocarbon indicators (DHIs) in the Levant Basin. The morning was completed by four talks. Aikaterini Stathopoulou (Hellenic Petroleum) described the prospectivity of block 10 in the Kyparissiakos area of Western Greece; Yannis Tsiantis (Energean) outlined the role of faulting and the crucial need to understand the role their seal capacity has in compartmentalising fields like Tamar; Ross Findlay (Emerson), outlined the role that thin beds in the Alan El Bueib Formation play in reservoir characterisation; and Yedidia Gellman (Institute of GeoEnergy Engineering, Heriot-Watt University) drew upon the results of a gas field in Israeli waters to describe aquifer flow dynamics in high permeability, heterogeneous reservoirs. The afternoon was dedicated to energy transition and emissions reduction. It kicked off with a keynote by Aristofanis Stefatos (Hellenic Hydrocarbon Resource Management, HHRM). He provided a thoughtful

Participants spent half a day on a field trip to the Troodos Ophiolite Complex with our Field Trip leaders, Nikolas Papadimitriou (Seismology & Geophysics) and Vasilis Symeou (Mapping Section), Geological Survey Cyprus.

overview of the role that hydrocarbons play in the energy transition. His talk was followed by another keynote from Constantinos Hadjistassou (University of Nicosia). He asked if gas monetisation could sustain the EU’s energy transition in the Eastern Mediterranean. Yaniv Marig (Tamar Petroleum) then described the efforts to reduce emissions on the Tamar platform. The session was completed by a return to technology with Sasha Barh (Emerson) discussing the use of neural network inversion techniques for resistivity property prediction and Efthymios Efthymiou (CHC) outlining the results of a quantitative interpretation of the Aphrodite gas field. The final session consisted of talks by Vasileios Korakas (Energean) on how important ultra-far angle stacks are for a successful AVO Inversion offshore Israel; by Daniele Sampietro (Geomatics Research & Development) on a 3D gravity inversion model for South Crete; and by Dominique Moulière-Reiser (Paradigm-Emerson) on

the effects of automated horizon picking in estimating rock properties. The content of the workshop showed how far understanding of the Eastern Mediterranean has come since the 2nd EAGE event in Athens two years ago. The insights provided and the addition of a dedicated field trip more than justified the running of the workshop, which provided a timely update of progress, a reminder of how far the region has come in a short time and also how stakeholders are looking to its role in an energy transition future. My thanks go to my co-convenor Verity Agar (ION Geophysical) and all of the members of the technical committee, the session chairs, speakers and workshop participants. I would particularly like to highlight the key role of CHC and Efthymios Efthymiou’s contribution to the success of the event and to acknowledge the efforts of the EAGE staff who went above and beyond to organise and deliver the workshop.

How our AI Community can work for you Question: are you up to date with what’s going on in the world of artificial intelligence (AI) and its impact on geoscience and engineering? One way of ensuring that you don’t miss anything is to join our AI Special Interest Community. It has developed a significant following since it was introduced a couple of years ago and is now providing regular accessible advice on its website. Artificial intelligence and machine learning have developed at an incredible pace in recent years. With the develop-

ment has come new algorithms, workflows, paradigm shifts, failures, open software, open data, tutorials and courses at a rate too fast for anyone to follow. For geoscientists getting started with AI the first steps can be intimidating, and those who wish to stay up to date often do not have the time to do so. As a group of EAGE members and volunteers, the AI Committee aims to identify items that are relevant for geoscientists. Over the past two years it has shared short articles about a diverse FIRST

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range of topics on the EAGE Digital Newsletter, the EAGE website and in its LinkedIn group. Based on the positive feedback received for this work and its workshop at the 2021 EAGE Annual Conference, it has now increased its efforts to produce periodic advice on the AI Community website to share with the wider community. Join the EAGE AI community on LinkedIn to be the first to know when a new item of advice is released. I

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EAGE NEWS

THIS MONTH

Data science event for Russia and CIS is coming

Geophysical Prospecting (GP) publishes primary research on the science of geophysics as it applies to the exploration, evaluation and extraction of earth resources. A new edition (Volume 70, Issue 2) will be published in February featuring eleven articles.

Conference chairs, Belozerov Boris, director, geological exploration development, Gazprom Neft, Science & Technology Centre and Kuvichko Alexander, head of digital technologies, Moscow Research and Development Centre, Schlumberger offer this welcome to the 3rd Data Science in Oil & Gas in Russia & CIS on 21-23 September 2022 in Novosibirsk, Russia.

OUR JOURNALS

Editor’s Choice article: • Elastic anisotropy of the Marcellus Shale – Colin M. Sayers Near Surface Geophysics (NSG) is an international journal for the publication of research and development in geophysics applied to the near surface. A new edition (Volume 20, Issue 1) will be published in February, featuring seven articles. Editor’s Choice article: • Resolution attributes for geophysical inversion models: Depth of investigation and novel measures – Niels B. Christensen Basin Research (BR) is an international journal which aims to publish original, high impact research papers on sedimentary basin systems. A new edition (Volume 34, Issue 1) will be published in February, featuring twenty articles. Editor’s Choice article: • Testing the applicability of zircon U-Pb dating as a provenance method in a highly altered river system, Mississippi-Missouri River, USA – Brittney Gregory et al. Petroleum Geoscience (PG) publishes a balanced mix of articles covering exploration, exploitation, appraisal, development and enhancement of sub-surface hydrocarbon resources and carbon repositories. A new edition (Volume 28, Issue 1) will be published in February, featuring ten articles. Editor’s Choice article: • Calibration of naturally fractured reservoir models using integrated well-test analysis – David Egya et al.

CHECK OUT THE LATEST JOURNALS

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Conference chairs, Belozerov Boris and Kuvichko Alexander.

In the previous two years we highlighted the intellectual data analysis and digital product development and deployment in oil and gas industry. This third hybrid conference will extend the boundaries of domain knowledge and consider data analysis as a science and technology approach. This will allow us to integrate siloed multi-disciplinary data yielded from cross-functional automation and robotic process automation. Currently, the added value from data analysis in the oil and gas industry is obtained from the digital transformation to a multi-domain environment, where different departments create and design together. Every specialist of such a multi-disciplinary team is involved in different aspects of a model creation, thus we face the competency transfer process. Every geologist, geophysicist, reservoir engineer becomes a data science or digital development specialist as well, and vise-versa. The implementation of digital operations, the use of robotics and IoT, in conjunction with the use of data analytics tools and modelling allows the industry to perform large steps in creation of digital twins of essential processes: from pore to scale, from a single well to the whole asset. Knowledge sharing in process management with predictive analytics, operations support with digital twins, creation of automated digital flows and adaptive self-learning systems for subsurface and surface operations in oil and gas promotes the evolution of the society and helps with establishing the correct future trends. All these factors make up the agenda for the conference.

EAGE NEWS

Students and YPs plan energy transition initiative in Sweden After two years of mainly meeting online or locally, our student chapters and local communities are moving back to the organisation of larger, international projects. A great example of this coming up is the ‘Energy transition: A change driven by young professionals’. It is being organised by students and young professionals at Uppsala University, Sweden on 3-4 May 2022. We spoke with two of the organisers, Magdalena Markovic Juhlin and Nini Tatiana Pertuz Puentes to learn more about the meeting and the ambitious goals they’ve set themselves. ‘The idea came to us during the EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition in Amsterdam last October.’ Markovic explains. ‘It was a key topic of the conference and I got inspired by the panel discussions taking place. My supervisor and I got the idea to host a student and young professional event on this topic, considering the fact it will be the new generation of scientists who will bring this transition to fruition.’ Pertuz agrees: ‘There’s a lot of research on the topic at universities, but not all students know about other departments and universities. We want to encourage young professionals and students to communicate their research with few barriers to get started.’ In order to make attendance easy, the meeting will be held at the university free of charge to attend. Participation in the meeting will, it is hoped, open the doors to other EAGE events such as the 83rd EAGE

Annual Conference & Exhibition and the GET 2022 conference. Taking place in Sweden, the gathering will have a regional emphasis and take potential travel restrictions in mind. According to Markovic, ‘Organising the event in Uppsala in May allows us to link our conference to the EAGE Board meeting also taking place here. We therefore hope we can present research not just to other students, but also to EAGE leadership. This really should give people considering submitting research a nice platform to showcase their research.’ In line with EAGE’s multi-disciplinary approach, the organisers are looking for a wide variety of papers related to the energy transition. Markovic says: ‘Our call for abstracts includes all topics which fits within energy management; carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS); geothermal and thermal energy;

raw materials and to cover environmental aspects and challenges during the energy transition.’ This potentially gives the conference a lot to cover in a short amount of time, so rapid fire-style presentation will be included. This means delegates can be exposed to a wider range of topics and research. It will challenge presenters to condense their contributions. Pertuz hopes the meeting will encourage others: ‘Hopefully, we can inspire them to develop their own events connect upcoming generations on the important topic of energy transition.’ If you are a student or young professional with an interest in the energy transition, consider getting involved. More information about the student and YP conference is available soon, so stay tuned! The organisers can be contacted at uppsala.student.chapter@gmail.com.

EAGE Student Calendar APR

STUDENT CHAPTERS GEOQUIZ

ONLINE

3-4 MAY

STUDENT AND YP CONFERENCE: ENERGY TRANSITION – A CHANGE DRIVEN BY YOUNG PROFESSIONALS

UPPSALA, SWEDEN

JUN

LAURIE DAKE CHALLENGE FINAL ROUND

MADRID, SPAIN

6-9 JUN

83RD EAGE ANNUAL CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION (STUDENT ACTIVITIES)

MADRID, SPAIN

18-22 SEP

NEAR SURFACE GEOSCIENCE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION 2022

BELGRADE, SERBIA

FOR MORE INFORMATION AND REGISTRATION PLEASE CHECK THE STUDENT SECTION AT WWW.EAGE.ORG

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Geophysical Prospecting plans a renewed mineral exploration and mining geophysics Special Issue

Preikestolen in Norway.

Geophysical Prospecting is returning to the topic of mineral exploration and mining geophysics with a third Special Issue due for publication in January 2023. Guest editors of the Special Issue say that after two well-received editions in 2015 and 2020 they have observed more research and industry activity in the mineral-mining sector is helping to accelerate the energy transition. This is evident as governments push enormously with subsidies and more research possibilities. The catch is that alternative sources of energies require access to raw materials for generation, storage, and transportation. The mineral exploration industry continues to chase deep-seated deposits while making sure intermediate ones are

also effectively explored using stateof-the-art technologies that are socially acceptable but also provide sufficient resolution for drilling programmes. As demand increases, the mining industry also faces increasing pressure to produce more raw materials in more difficult and challenging mining environments prone to seismicity and unknown geological structures. The proposed Special Issue aims to address these challenges and provide solutions for both sectors through new prototypes, case studies and algorithms but also added values geophysical methods provide to the mining sector. Articles are invited from all areas of geophysics with case studies from land and offshore.

Studies on physical properties, modelling and acquisition planning as well as the emerging solutions from machine learning domains are also especially welcome. All manuscripts will be peer-reviewed in accordance with the journal’s established policies and procedures. The final selection of papers will be based on the peer review process as well as reviews by guest editors and the editor-in-chief. It is worth noting that there are no publication fees, page limits, or charges for color figures. Moreover, Geophysical Prospecting offers various options for open access publication. Submission of interest in contributing a paper should be made by 15 February 2022 with a deadline of 30 May 2022 for submissions and acceptance by 30 November 2022. For specific questions, please contact the Special Issue editors: Alireza Malehmir (Uppsala University, alireza. malehmir@geo.uu.se); Gordon Cooper (University of Witwatersrand, Gordon. Cooper@wits.ac.za); Musa Manzi (University of Witwatersrand, Musa.Manzi@ wits.ac.za); Andrei Swidinsky (University of Toronto, andrei.swidinsky@utoronto. ca) and Umair bin Waheed (King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, ubinwaheed@gmail.com). For questions regarding the submission system and review process, contact the publications coordinator Harsha Ravi (hravi@wiley.com).

The EAGE Student Fund supports student activities that help students bridge the gap between university and professional environments. This is only possible with the support from the EAGE community. If you want to support the next generation of geoscientists and engineers, go to donate.eagestudentfund.org or simply scan the QR code. Many thanks for your donation in advance!

D O N AT E T O DAY ! 14

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PERSONAL RECORD INTERVIEW

Adriana Citlali Ramirez

Personal Record Interview

Challenging the distinction between art and science After a first degree in Mexico, Adriana Citlali Ramirez completed a physics PhD at University of Houston, since worked in the US and for the last 10 years in Europe, and is now chief geophysicist, Eastern Hemisphere, TGS with significant volunteer work for SEG and EAGE. Her professional career belies her parallel life as a recognized painter, photographer, and poet.

Your main childhood influences? Books – most genres and encyclopaedias. They provided knowledge and experiences beyond my time and space. In art, my dad was a big influence. He has always been working on a creative writing project. He was a tough and motivating critic of my writings. Moreover, he taught me how to paint and how to use a reflex camera. At times, he held Sunday painting workshops where other kids would join. I also took graphical design classes and went on summer school with a local painter.

What is your role at TGS? My team is responsible for geophysical advice, project management, and deliv ery to clients. As chief geophysicist and technology adviser, I provide technical leadership to TGS’s Eastern Hemisphere business, while facilitat ing the effective implementation of new technology into projects. My goal is to use technical expertise, business acumen, and intuition to address data-related challenges whose solutions have the most positive impact in the decisions that our clients take with the data and services we provide.

Your career choice was science not arts? I was truly passionate about literature and physics. Literature almost won. In my last high school year, I got a certificate in creative writing at Claustro de Sor Juana’s University. Some of my classmates were journalists and a published writer, who were there because they never got the chance to study the basics. They made me realise that a writer does not need to study literature. I studied physics with several extra credits in literature, plus extra-academic writing and painting lessons.

What inspires your visual art? It reflects a personal interpretation of the world, life experience and emotions. I allow myself the luxury of exploring different styles, techniques, and media. Through photography, I aim to create images that inspire. They either share some essence of the places I visit, the emotions and physical baggage evoked by people I encounter or provide a new poetic perspective of the real world. Through painting, I tell stories that transport my audience - from the celebration of Day of the Dead in Mexico to a mythic world, via a philosophical coloured abstraction.

Explain your career-long fascination with multiples? They are non-linear. The most interesting ones are tricky to catch with visual inspection but can determine the success of drilling a well. The math to uncover them is complex and beautiful. The theory holds. Associated methods work on real data even if some remain too costly in practice.

Your poetry seems personal and romantic? All art is personal but that does not mean autobiographical. Some is. Some is simply inspired by books, nightmares, or the flutter of a dragonfly. The Romantics focused on the individual self and experience, using art to convey emotion and did not abide by established rules from academia FIRST

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and the Enlightenment. They often used nature as an image of the inner person, evoking a foggy day when a character is confused or a storm when heartbroken. I work to create my own images, breaking with the obvious. The Romantics inspired the Avant Garde movement. This is the one I identify with more, though I understand why my poetry can be called romantic. How do science and arts combine for you? A scientist must demonstrate creative thinking: the ability to pose and answer a question that has not been asked or provide a new answer to a known question. While studying physics there is a moment when one touches the limits of humanity’s knowledge. Beyond relativity there is quantum mechanics. From there on, nothing is deterministic. Suddenly, no one has all the answers, the microscopic is disconnected from the macrocosms with no perfect unifying theory. Answers that we have are incomplete or a probability. We keep on questioning, trying to answer. This is when physics collides with philosophy, as art often does. Any advice for young geoscientists? Give, expect, and demand respect. If you ever witness or experience something drastic as discrimination or sexual harassment, seek help and speak out. Don’t shy away from the larger challenges. Be curious and follow your passions. Explore the idea of being paid for what could be your hobby. I

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5 February 2022 Early registration deadline Fourth EAGE WIPIC Workshop 1 March 2022 Early registration deadline Engineering and Mining Geophysics 2022 Conference 3 March 2022 Regular registration deadline EAGE Middle East Geomechanics Workshop 25 March 2022 Regular registration deadline Saint Petersburg 2022 Conference & Exhibition

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CROSSTALK BY AN D R E W M c BAR N E T

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No overcoming these demons The constant demonisation of the oil industry must on occasion Sparring with a US Congress hearing last October is a good vex geoscientists and engineers who work in the oil sector. What example of how the fight goes for the industry. The occasion was seems like open season for attacks on the integrity of the oil a somewhat below the belt assault by the Democrat-dominated business has to be disheartening for professionals on a personal Committee on Oversight and Reform looking into climate dislevel knowing that their work is often publicly disparaged or at information. The brief was to examine the ‘fossil fuel industry’s long-running, industry-wide campaign to spread disinformation best regarded as a necessary evil. In the public domain the barrage of negativity has become about the role of fossil fuels in causing global warming’. a huge threat and risk factor in the strategic thinking of the Four top executives from ExxonMobil, Chevron, Shell and big international oil companies. They are under pressure from BP America were teleconferenced into a meeting for a haranguing stakeholders, governments, environmental activists and public by committee members. It was said that the fossil fuel industry sentiment. Arguably like never before, the legitimacy of business had scientific evidence about the dangers of climate change since for profit providing what the consumer wants – keystone of free at least 1977. Yet for decades, the industry spread denial and enterprise economics in an open society – is doubt about the harm of its products—underbeing challenged. This is not entirely unique to mining the science and preventing meaningful ‘Oil companies the oil business. The other obvious example is action on climate change. The charge sheet are trapped in an continued: ‘More recently, some large fossil the apparently uncontrollable power exercised by Facebook, Amazon, Google, Microsoft et fuel companies took public stances in support unwinnable public al, and the resentment this engenders, e.g., of climate, actions while privately continuing relations contest’ to block reforms, invest overwhelmingly in gaming the tax system, invasion of privacy, abuse of free speech, etc. These are global fossil fuel extraction and support efforts to monopolies the likes of which we have not encountered before. extend the life of fossil fuel investments. The industry reportRight now, public awareness and/or experience of extreme edly spends billions to promote climate disinformation through weather events worldwide is helping to focus more than usual branding and lobbying. Moreover, they increasingly outsource opprobrium on the fossil fuel industry, notably oil and coal, seen lobbying to trade groups, obscuring their own roles in disinforas principal perpetrators of the global warming that is said to mation efforts.’ provoke these disasters. Fortunately no one so far has been able In a bit a grandstanding, California Democratic Rep. Katie to nail oil companies for causing the Covid-19 and Omicron panPorter poured a full and more or less empty jar of M&Ms to illusdemics. But incidents of erratic hydrocarbons supply (particularly trate the comparative amounts of money that Shell would spend natural gas in Western Europe), high prices at the petrol pumps on renewable energy ($2-3 billion,) compared with oil, gas and and increased oil company profits have been widely reported and chemical operations ($16-17 billion plus $3 billion marketing). castigated. Shell Oil Company president Gretchen Watkins responded that Oil companies are trapped in an unwinnable public relations there needs to be ‘both a demand and a supply of clean energy’ contest. To use a boxing analogy, only agile ring craft can keep and the company is working with customers to increase demand. them out of more trouble. They have to roll with the punches with Porter dismissed this as ‘greenwashing’. rare opportunities to score points let alone win a round. And let’s Viewed from a neutral corner, this kind of venting against the be honest they are caught with their guard down a lot. oil business – true or false – is not helpful when what is needed

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CROSSTALK

is constructive dialogue. It simply adds to a vilification process. BP ‘underperformed all its peers’. His conclusion: ‘companies As previously noted in Crosstalk, the absence of top executives basically cut their own throat’. The big European-based public oil companies such as BP, representing the oil industry at the COP26 international climate change gathering in Glasgow was a huge error of judgment TotalEnergies, Shell, Eni, Repsol and Equinor have all invested in implying that they had nothing to contribute. renewables. The complaint is that the amounts are still relatively small compared with continuing investment in oil and gas projects. To demand that oil companies spend more on renewables is essentially a moral argument. By any measure the oil industry has In addition, the companies are largely developing their renewable had a significant role in causing the heating of business in Europe, potentially widening the worldwide energy poverty gap. the planet. Exactly when they knew this is not ‘Oil business is IEA estimates less than 1% of the annual the point. Indeed the claims about awareness shrinking, ironically investment by oil and gas companies in emergin the early Seventies of impending climate ing and developing economies has gone into change was exactly the period of the world to the benefit of clean energy technologies. This is because of energy crisis in 1973. Then, the world economy shareholders’ the return on capital is not in the double-digit was put in jeopardy, and industry and governregion to which oil companies are accustomed. ments had more urgent issues to resolve. In any It is seen as a much riskier investment than oil and gas, crucially event, would anyone have listened? The newly released satirical because, unlike hydrocarbons, the product cannot be easily exportfilm Don’t Look Up about two scientists trying unsuccessfully to ed therefore restricting the size and profitability of the market. warn the world about a meteor heading towards the world with The options for those environmentalist activists who want to disastrous consequences is a perfect allegory about getting the accelerate green solutions are limited. For a start national oil commessage across to governments and the media (where it rated as a panies in Russia, China and the Middle East are not so amenable down-the-order item on a daytime TV show). to public pressure. It is therefore easy to identify where the noise is Back to the moral argument. The contention is that oil compacoming from. Major oil and gas companies in western democracies nies should deploy their money and resources to help mitigate, halt, are the accessible target, abetted by a media willing to repeat stories or reverse the impending climate catastrophe for our civilisation about the big bad oil industry. – even if it is not exactly their expertise. As an ethical issue this Relentless campaigning has reaped some rewards. Even Exxis hard to counter especially because outrage makes a powerful onMobil was forced by shareholders to take on three Board soundbite. It so easy to say ‘not enough’ to whatever practical members sympathetic to the climate mitigation cause. European initiative is offered. company commitments to net zero emissions and renewable Note that it is a separate issue to point out the hypocrisy of investments have undoubtedly been influenced by vocal minority society continuing to benefit from the fruits of hydrocarbons shareholders and other anti-oil propaganda. exploitation knowing the downside, just as we have basically Presumably good news for activists, the oil business is shrinkturned a blind eye to the death and deprivations associated with the ing, ironically to the immense benefit of shareholders. In 2022, operations of the coal industry or, for that matter, diamonds. European firms are set to return to investors a record $54 billion in An unsympathetic attitude to oil and gas business will remain dividends and share buybacks, according to analysis by Bernstein, embedded in the public discourse as long as free market principles quoted by Reuters, while Exxon and Chevron are set to pay more are in place. Accountable to shareholders, company spending than $30 billion combined. Meanwhile Rystad Energy reports that decisions are based on return on investment and even government 2021 would be its worst year for oil and gas discoveries since 1946. instruments cannot dictate investment strategy. A next stage may be a separation of oil and gas and alternative Rightly or wrongly, ExxonMobil and Chevron have both energy business, as recommended recently by former BP chairman concluded that renewables are not profitable enough. They have Lord Browne and the activist investor group Third Point in the case therefore taken little interest in the market. Instead they are of Shell. This would at least show just how viable the renewable focused more on the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions as their and related carbon emission-free can be. response to climate change. Calls for fossil fuel disinvestment also have had some impact. Harold Hamm, outspoken owner of Continental Oil, pioneer Anyone looking for a blueprint on how to go about this can look of the US shale oil revolution and major Republican Party funder, no further than an 81-page article in 2013 from the Stranded Asset goes further and in the US at least is not alone. In a recent inflamProgramme at the Smith School of Enterprise and Environment, matory interview in the Financial Times, he dismissed Wall Street’s University of Oxford which advises ‘Divestment campaigns will enthusiasm for ESG investing as a trend that will not last, and probably be at their most effective in triggering a process of stated climate change had ‘almost become a religion’. In his view stigmatisation of fossil fuel companies.’ No spoilers necessary to the intermittency of solar and wind made them unreliable sources know what to expect. of power. He noted that on announcing its net emissions strategy

Views expressed in Crosstalk are solely those of the author, who can be contacted at andrew@andrewmcbarnet.com.

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INDUSTRY NEWS

PGS shoots Niger Delta survey

Geoscientist studies African rifts break-up

Lundin and Aker BP set to merge

Oil and gas discoveries for 2021 hit historic low Global oil and gas discoveries in 2021 are on track to hit their lowest full-year level in 75 years, according to research from Rystad Energy. As of the end of November, total global discovered volumes for 2021 were calculated at 4.7 billion barrels of oil equivalent (boe) and, with no major finds announced in December at the time of writing the industry is on course for its worst discoveries toll since 1946. This would also represent a considerable drop from the 12.5 billion boe discovered in 2020. Liquids continue to dominate the hydrocarbon mix, making up 66% of total finds. Seven new discoveries were announced in November 2021, representing around 219 million boe of new volumes. The monthly average of discovered volumes this year now stands at 424 million boe. ‘Although some of the highly ranked prospects are scheduled to be drilled before the end of the year, even a substantial discovery may not be able

to contribute towards 2021 discovered volumes as these wells may not be completed in this calendar year. Therefore, the cumulative discovered volume for 2021 is on course to be its lowest in decades,’ said Palzor Shenga, vice-president of upstream research at Rystad Energy. The largest discovery in November 2021 was Lukoil’s Yoti West off the coast of Mexico, which is estimated to hold around 75 million boe of recoverable resources. However, these volumes are still insufficient for commercial development and would require further discoveries of a comparable scale before

a development concept could be drawn up. Several wells offshore Mexico are scheduled to be drilled in blocks offered in various bid rounds, many by leading international oil companies. Offshore Malaysia, Nangka-1 became the second successive exploration well drilled within Block SK 417. The wildcat well was drilled by Thai state operator PTTEP to a depth of 3758 m and discovered sweet gas within the Middle to Late Miocene Cycle VI clastic reservoirs. Rystad also noted that Norway continues to make small-to-medium discoveries. which can be tied to existing infrastructure.

Lukoil starts new drilling in the Gulf of Mexico.

PGS signs data management as a service deal PGS has signed a multi-year data management as a service (DMaaS) agreement that will give a big customer cloud-enabled multi-client subsurface data. The company will provide a cloudbased solution that allows the client to store, manage and access seismic subsur-

face data that it has licensed from PGS. Nathan Oliver EVP sales & services at PGS said: ‘Cloud-based DMaaS enables new workflows that will substantially reduce the timelines and resources traditionally required to access and act on seismic data. This is a landmark deal that FIRST

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marks the beginning of a new era for the seismic industry.’ Meanwhile, PGS has won a 3D exploration contract in West Africa. A Ramform Titan-class vessel is scheduled to start the project in early February 2022 and is expected to complete it in mid-March. I

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INDUSTRY NEWS

PGS carries out large 3D survey in the Niger Delta PGS has added 10,700 km2 of 3D multi-client data to its library coverage of the Niger Delta, kick-starting a major reprocessing project. This will be the cornerstone of a new regional-scale MegaSurveyPlus dataset for Nigeria. Final data will be ready Q4 2022. ‘Modern processing and imaging techniques, including optimized denoising algorithms and a full deghosting sequence, will improve data bandwidth and signalto-noise ratio, and the application of a multiple attenuation process will enable enhanced image integrity by eliminating complex multiples,’ said Joshua May, business development manager for Africa at PGS. The addition of 10,700 km2 of MegaSurveyPlus reprocessed 3D data will give an expanded and consistent regional geological perspective, said PGS. The resulting full-stack PSTM data can be used for regional interpretation to enable a greater understanding of plays and migration pathways across open acreage offshore Nigeria. Pre-stack PSTM products allow a thorough AVO analysis to be undertaken. The Nigeria MegaSurveyPlus covers two main structural provinces directly linked to the gravity-driven movement of the Akata Shale Formation. The eastern

10,700 km2 of reprocessed 3D data has been added to PGS’ Nigeria coverage.

part of the dataset is in the transitional detachment fold zone and contains subtle faulting along with low wavelength folding of Eocene to Quaternary stratigraphy. The western part, situated in the outer fold and thrust belt, is dominated by closely spaced thrust faults. The Niger Delta Basin formed during the Late Cretaceous period and contains up to 12 km of Late Cretaceous to Quaternary aged clastics deposited in an upward-coarsening regressive deltaic sequence. The main source rocks are the Akata Formation marine shales and Lower Agbada For-

mation paralic shales. Proven reservoirs in the basin are found in unconsolidated sandstones of the Agbada Formation deposited as stacked turbidite channel and fan complexes. The largest accumulations are trapped in roll-over anticlines in the hanging walls of growth faults. However, hydrocarbons may also be found in fault closures and subtle stratigraphic traps. Reprocessing to enhance imaging of targets will improve the illumination of complex structures associated with the diapiric movement of the Akata Shale Formation, said PGS.

TGS and WesternGeco extend Gulf of Mexico OBN survey TGS and WesternGeco have announced an extension of their ultra-long offset ocean-bottom node (OBN) acquisition in Green Canyon, US Gulf of Mexico. The 168 OCS block survey began in August 2021 and is now expected to be completed during the first quarter of

2022. Key to this project is the use of data for full-waveform inversion (FWI) velocity model building. The results from data processing are expected in mid2022. This project extends the engagement phase 1 survey acquired to the north in 2020.

Kristian Johansen, CEO at TGS, said: ‘Starting with Amendment Phase 1 in 2019, TGS and WesternGeco have been at the forefront of improved imaging in ultra-long offset OBN acquisition in a highly prospective area of the US Gulf of Mexico.’

Var Energi joins CO2 seismic data research project Var Energi has entered a joint industry project to develop a more environmentally friendly method for seismic data collection during oil and gas exploration and CO2 sequestration projects. Together with Equinor, Lundin and 22

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Shearwater GeoServices, Vår Energi has established Project BASS. Alexandre Bertrand, geophysical manager at Vår Energi, said that the project could revolutionise seismic surveys. ‘The goal of the project is to develop a new low-impact acoustic source. In

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addition to the environmental dimension, the project also seeks to produce a higher technological accuracy and improved seismic data quality for locating, quantifying and monitoring hydrocarbon resources, which will lead to improved recovery and value creation.’

INDUSTRY NEWS

Stryde breaks record for most nodes on a single project Stryde says it has broken records for the number of nodes used in one survey and for land seismic trace density while the company has increased its revenue by more than 1000% in 2021. The company deployed 166,000 nodes on a single project in Oman by Africa Geophysical Services and has reported density of 256 million traces per km2, with Explor and Carbon Management Canada. Overall, more than 365,000 Stryde nodes have been sold or leased in 2021 and in the past 15 months Stryde’s technology has been used on 58 projects in 25 countries. Mike Popham, CEO, Stryde, said: ‘We have been able to produce nodes at

Stryde has sold 365,000 nodes to Africa Geophysical Services.

scale, faster than ever before, with the 500,000th Stryde node coming off our production lines in November 2021, just 15 months after production commenced. Amazingly, given that we are only beginning to emerge from a relative ‘down market’ for land seismic, the challenge has been for production to keep up with client demand for our systems.’ He added that there was increased demand for applications in geothermal, mining and carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS), where previously seismic wasn’t cost effective. Popham added: ‘Seismic acquisition sits at the intersection of the energy transition and has a vital role to play in its success. High density, high definition seismic is critical to oil and gas, as operators seek to maximise returns from their existing reservoirs in the short term and seek to find new discoveries in parts of the world that remain in energy poverty. Equally, more affordable seismic has presented an opening for surveys to be undertaken that unlock new mining, geothermal and CCUS opportunities. Demand from these industries is increasing significantly – and faster than expected, with Stryde seeing over half of their projects to date coming from outside the oil and gas sector.’

CGG completes sale of Smart Data Solutions to Oasis and Access CGG has closed the sale of the physical storage assets and associated services of its Smart Data Solutions business to OASIS Group and Access Information Management Corporation. The transaction includes seven dedicated storage and service facilities, each holding client collections of records and subsurface rock and fluid samples. Access has acquired the three North American sites and OASIS the four European sites. Access and OASIS have a history of collaboration and, for global

clients, will work together to continue the global service delivery. Sophie Zurquiyah, CEO, CGG, said: ‘With their focus on records and information management, Access and OASIS will provide an excellent home for the physical asset storage and services business of Smart Data Solutions, ensuring it has the ability to continue to expand and advance its service offerings, to best support the needs of its clients well into the future.’

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INDUSTRY NEWS

Geoscientists study break-up of African rifts

Dr D. Sarah Stamps. Credit: Mike Lee.

Geoscientists have launched an investigation into how East Africa will eventually separate into several large and small tectonic blocks along the diverging East African Rift System. The study will focus on the region’s rich and deep intrusions of magma and also magma-poor continental rifts, known as dry rifts. Dr D. Sarah Stamps, an associate professor in the Department of Geosciences, part of the Virginia Tech College of Science, has been awarded a $3 million

National Science Foundation grant for the Dry Rifting In the Albertine-Rhino Graben (DRIFT) project. ‘You can think of the break-up of eastern Africa as the continuation of the break-up of Pangaea,’ said Stamps, leader of the Geodesy and Tectonophysics Laboratory. ‘Eastern Africa is actively breaking up, and if it continues, we’ll see new oceans forming. In the northern parts of East Africa, like in Ethiopia and the Afar region, it’s already extended to the point of forming baby oceanic areas. The spreading has already created new oceanic crust. The land is subsiding, and the first stages of new ocean basin formation is underway.’ Further south in the central East African Rift System, the break-up of the continent is less intense, she says. Stamps is being supported by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, the University of Kansas, Northwestern University, the University of California and Midwestern State University in Texas. Based in Uganda, the team is working with the Ugandan government’s Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development and with Makerere University in Uganda. The team will focus on the North Western Branch of the East African Rift System in Uganda, where magma-poor rifting is taking place. A wide range of geophysical, geological, and geochemical observations will be collected, and

numerical modelling of the region will be performed to understand how the magma-poor rifts form and evolve. ‘The team and I are very interested in understanding the physics of how a continent can break apart when there’s no surface expression of magma as volcanos,’ Stamps said. She is seeking to find out whether in magma-rich rifts, strain is accommodated through lithospheric weakening from melt. She will also explore whether in magma-poor rifts, melt is present below the surface, weakening the lithosphere such that strain is accommodated during upper crustal extension. Finally, she will explore what happens in magma-poor rifts if there is no melt at depth and strain is accommodated along fluid-filled faults or pre-existing structures such as inherited compositional, structural, and rheological lithospheric heterogeneities. Working with Stamps is a Ugandan PhD geoscience student Asenath Kwagalakwe, and two undergraduate students from the Virginia Tech College of Science Esha Islam and Crystal Lee. Stamps said that she hoped that the study would point to improving estimates of carbon dioxide transfer into the atmosphere that occurs during continental rifting, advancing rifting models used for exploring natural resources, and creating insights into seismic hazards associated with active faulting.

ION Geophysical wins two contracts for its Marlin technology ION Geophysical has won a contract with an exploration and production company in the Middle East and from a government in East Africa for its Marlin digital infrastructure. The awards are for the deployment and support of Marlin in multi-year contracts. First-year revenues from the contracts are expected to exceed more than $10 million in aggregate. Sheila Rodermund, executive vice-pres-

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ident, Operations Optimization, said: ‘This contract is a clear signal of the proven success has Marlin demonstrated in the region through its ability to handle simultaneous operations in what is a very complex maritime area with multiple platforms, shipping vessels, and fishing activity. Chris Usher, Ion CEO added: ‘Through our award of a Letter of Intent by an East African government ministry to support their maritime monitoring

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efforts, the Marlin platform demonstrates its flexibility in supporting various maritime-related operations. In this deployment, Marlin and its Marlin SmartPort module will offer our client a means to better understand and manage their maritime traffic, thereby increasing operational efficiencies, reducing emissions, securing their seas against illegal activity, as well as ultimately improving their profitability.’

INDUSTRY NEWS

OGA launches study of high pressure, high temperature fields offshore UK

Pressure vs depth plot showing all data points available to this study.

The UK Oil and Gas Authority is carrying out a HPHT (high pressure, high temperature) fields study in the Central North Sea (CNS). The study focuses on the Jurassic and Triassic stratigraphic intervals in the CNS with the aim of providing a regional understanding of overpressure distributions or pressure cells in the Central North Sea together with a supporting well pressure database.

This will support improved mapping of overpressure distributions for prospective plays, develop an understanding of the subsurface pressure regimes onto which the HPHT portfolio of leads and prospects can be mapped and distinguished from the NPNT (normal pressures and temperatures) portfolio, and provide a public dataset on which further research and analysis can be based without the barrier of high

data costs and complex data licensing arrangements. It is hoped that the study will also stimulate exploration activity around key producing infrastructure; support more accurate models for top seal integrity and column heights modelling, therefore reducing volumetric uncertainty; and provide a dataset that can be used to help realise the potential for carbon capture and storage (CCS) in Triassic-Jurassic reservoirs. This study combines well pressure data with historic and published structural interpretations to generate a pressure cell map for the pre-Cretaceous strata. ‘Successful exploitation of new HPHT structures in the UKCS can play a major role in maximising economic recovery and extending the asset life of existing infrastructure,’ said the OGA. While HPHT conditions are recorded in a number of UKCS basins, by far the largest resource attributable to HPHT-producing fields, discoveries, and mature prospects lies within the Central Graben of the CNS.’

Fons ten Kroode takes over as chief geophysicist of Magseis Fairfield Fons ten Kroode has joined Magseis Fairfield from Shell as chief geoscientist. ‘His primary role will be to advance the company’s geophysical offering and the new solutions we will offer to our customers through the Echova platform. As such, this role supports us in extending our leadership in the OBN market,’ said Carel Hooijkaas, CEO in Magseis Fairfield. During 30 years at Shell, ten Kroode held several senior positions, most recently as manager acquisition and signal processing R&D and head of the Shell-PDO Geophysical Strategic Alliance. Starting as a borehole geophysicist in 1991, he continued to work in the general research department as a mathematical geophysicist on full waveform inversion through the mid-Nineties. After this, he held positions as team lead signal processing R&D and

manager of Shell’s global seismic imaging R&D programme. He holds a PhD in mathematics and an MSc in theoretical physics from the University of Amsterdam, where he was assistant professor of mathematics before joining Shell. Meanwhile, Magseis Fairfield has won a 3D ocean bottom node (OBN) survey which will use the company’s MASS technology. Start-up is expected in Q2 2022, and the project will run for approx. three months. ‘This award further strengthens our backlog for H1 2022. This award means that we will have our full technology offering deployed during Q2 2022. We continue to see an increase in demand and now focus on opportunities for H2 2022.’ said Carel Hooijkaas, CEO of Magseis Fairfield. FIRST

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Finally, Magseis Fairfield has won an ocean bottom node (OBN) survey from a repeat customer. Start-up is expected in Q3 2022, and the project will run for approx. two months. ‘With this award we are exploring synergy potential with other opportunities for the 2022 season,’ added Hooijkass.

Magseis Fairfield has announced two OBN projects.

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INDUSTRY NEWS

Petrobras-led consortiums win rights to presalt fields offshore Brazil Petrobras has acquired the exploration and production rights in the Atapu and Sepia fields in the Santos basin offshore Brazil in the 2nd Bidding Round for the Transfer of Rights surplus. A Petrobras-led (30%) consortium including TotalEnergies (28%), Petronas (21%) and QP Brasil (21%) has won a production sharing contract in the presalt ultra-deepwater Sepia field. A Petrobras-led (52.5%) consortium has also won volumes in the ultra-deepwater presalt Atapu field in partnership with Shell (25%) and TotalEnergies (22.5%). ‘Atapu and Sépia are proven high-productivity assets, with good oil characteristics and significant potential to incorporate reserves. They have low lifting costs and

Atapu field started production in 2020. Credit: Elise Aldram/Pixabay.

are resilient to a low-price scenario,’ said Petrobras. The Atapu field in water depths of 2000 m started production in June 2020 and is expected to reach a capacity of around 350,000 b/d. It has the capacity to treat up to 6 million m³/d of gas. The Sépia field in 2000 m of water started production in August 2021 and is targeting production of 350,000 b/d. Petrobras will pay a signing bonus of $730 million. Patrick Pouyanné, chairman and CEO of TotalEnergies, said: ‘These assets benefit from world-leading well productivities to keep costs well below 20 $/boe. They also leverage technological innovations to limit greenhouse gas emissions to well below 20 kg/boe.’

UK Oil and gas to develop geothermal energy UK Oil and Gas has formed a joint venture with Ceraphi Energy to develop part of the company’s Horse Hill oil field into a geothermal energy hub. The GeoHub at the site in Surrey in the south of the UK is expected to generate and supply more than 200,000 megawatt hours per year of continuous baseload, primarily as heat energy. The GeoHub concept centres around six new deep geothermal boreholes uti-

lizing Ceraphi’s proprietary ‘closed-loop’ downhole heat exchanger technology, designed to transfer heat from the surrounding hot rocks via heat pumps to the surface. Unlike most conventional geothermal wells, the closed-loop system requires no injection or circulation of water within the rocks between boreholes, eliminating the possibility of induced seismic activity. Subject to necessary permissions, further wells and/or sites could be added

at any stage to supply a wider spectrum of end users. It is envisaged that current oil production at the site would continue to the end of its economic life and then boreholes would be repurposed to add further geothermal baseload, transitioning the site into 100% renewable energy provision. Conceptual engineering design and preparation of a planning application are planned to commence in the new year.

Seabird fights contract loss for Fulmar Explorer SeaBird Exploration is challenging a notice of termination regarding work for the vessel Fulmar Explorer. ‘SeaBird has not accepted the termination. The two parties are currently in discussions with the aim of finding a solution,’ the company said in a statement. The Fulmar Explorer is currently in Galveston, Texas where it has been outfitted as a high-end OBN source vessel for a forthcoming contract. 26

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‘The vessel represents the future generation of source vessels with DP2 redundant power and propulsion system, nine-gun string capability, high volume triple source capability and redundancy. The configuration of power plant and propulsion renders a highly fuel efficient and manoeuvrable vessel,’ said Seabird, adding that the vessel is ready to mobilize for operations on short notice.

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Fulmar Explorer. Photo by Paul Misje.

INDUSTRY NEWS

Lundin and AkerBP set to merge Lundin Energy and AkerBP have reached an agreement to merge. The combined company will hold more than 2.7 billion barrels of oil equivalent (boe) of reserves and resources; production in 2022 of more than 400 Mboepd with potential to grow to 500 Mboepd by 2028; and 31.6% ownership in the Johan Sverdrup field. Shareholders of Lundin Energy will hold 43% of the total number of shares and votes in AkerBP (based on a total of 360,113,509 shares and votes in AkerBP). The boards of both companies recommend that shareholders vote in favour of the proposal. Lundin Energy’s largest shareholder, the Lundin Family, representing 33.39% of shares, has signed an

More than 31.6% of the Johan Sverdrup field will be owned by the new company.

ModelVision

irrevocable undertaking to vote in favour of the proposal at the AGM 2022. In addition, Aker Capital AS and BP Exploration Operating Company Ltd, who control 64.99% of the shares and votes in AkerBP, have irrevocably undertaken to vote in support of the combination proposal at the general meeting of shareholders of AkerBP. Ian Lundin said: ‘This is a unique opportunity to create a future proof independent E&P company, exposing shareholders to a business with significant scale, production growth and strong free cashflow into the next decade. Coupled with this is a world-class asset base which will have one of the lowest cost and lowest CO2 emissions per barrel in our industry. As part of this transaction, Lundin’s renewable assets, representing a power generation of 600 GW hours per annum once built out, will remain as a standalone renewable energy business. The renewable business will be debt free and will have a cash balance of $130 million. AkerBP’s executive management team will run the combined company. All personnel of Lundin Energy’s oil and gas assets in Norway will remain employed by Aker BP upon completion, based in Oslo, Norway.’ It is hoped that the merger will be completed in late Q2/early Q3 2022.

Magnetic & Gravity Interpretation System All sensors Processing 3D modelling 3D inversion Visualisation Analysis Utilities

Minerals Petroleum Near Surface Government Contracting Consulting Education

Norway opens two petroleum research stations Two national petroleum centres are being created with state funding from the Research Council of Norway. The National Centre for Sustainable Utilisation of Energy Resources on the Norwegian Continental Shelf will be run by the University of Stavanger and the Centre for Sustainable Subsurface Resources will be operated by NORCE in Bergen. Both petro centres have a timeframe of eight years and will each receive $1.15 million a year in funding. The Research Council of Norway has also announced that both innovation

and demonstration projects linked to the petroleum portfolio will receive funding, totalling $7.7 million. Other projects to receive funding in this round relate to reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, energy efficiency and environment; understanding of the subsurface; drilling, completion, intervention and plugging of wells. Arvid Østhus, NPD technology coordinator and member of the Portfolio Board for Petroleum said: ‘Much remains to be done on the Norwegian shelf, which is why more research and innovation are needed.’ FIRST

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Tensor Research support@tensor-research.com.au www.tensor-research.com.au

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03/09/2021 08:18

INDUSTRY NEWS

Oil and gas round-up Equinor and Wellesley have discovered oil in the Troll- and Fram area in the Toppand prospect in the Norwegian North Sea. Preliminary calculations indicate around 21-33 million barrels of recoverable oil equivalent. Toppand is the fifth discovery in the area, and proven resources might exceed 300 million barrels of oil equivalent. The wells were drilled around 8 km west of the Fram field and 140 km northwest of Bergen. Well 35/10-7 S encountered an oil column of around 75 metres in the lower part of the Ness formation and in the Etive formation. ExxonMobil has made two oil discoveries at Fangtooth-1 and Lau Lau-1 in the Stabroek block offshore Guyana. The Fangtooth-1 well encountered 50 m of high-quality oil-bearing sandstone reservoirs. The well was drilled in 1838 m of water and is located 18 km north west of the Liza field. The Lau Lau-1 well encountered 96 m of high-quality hydrocarbon-bearing sandstone reservoirs. The well was drilled in 1461 m of water and is 68 km south east of the Liza field. Carnarvon Energy has s0pudded the Buffalo-10 well in an attempt to confirm high-quality light oil to support

economic development in the Timor Sea. Buffalo-10 well is being drilled offshore Timor-Leste within the TLSO T19-14 PSC to a target depth of 11,500 ft. Carnarvon is the operator of the licence in partnership with Advance Energy. Carnarvon’s mid-case recoverable volume estimate is 31 million barrels (gross, 2C contingent resource). Block Energy has announced that drilling has commenced at JKT-01Z in Georgia. The well is targeting c.8 MMbbls of oil-in-place and has been optimised by the recalibration of Block’s 3D seismic data acquired in 2019 with data gathered from recent wells. Aker BP has won a drilling permit for wells 25/2-23 S, 25/2-23 A and 25/223 B in production licence PL 873 in the North Sea offshore Norway. Equinor has won consent to drill a well in Block 34/4 in the North Sea in production licence PL 057 to test the Statfjord kile exploration prospect. Water depth is 360 m. Petronas has made a gas discovery at the Hadrah-1 wildcat exploration well of Block SK411, located in the shallow waters of Balingian Province about 170 km north west of Sarawak, Malaysia. The Hadrah-1 well was

drilled to a total depth of 1850 m in November 2021 and encountered gas within an approximately 200-m thick sequence of high-quality sandstone and carbonate reservoirs. Hadrah-1 is Petronas’ third gas discovery in this province in 2021, after Sirung-1 and Kulintang-1. In 2019, oil and gas were also discovered within the same play at the D18 field. United Oil & Gas has found oil in the Abu Sennan licence, onshore Egypt. The J-13 well encountered 17.5 m of net pay in the oil-bearing upper and lower Bahariya reservoir targets. The AJ-13 well reached a TD of 3840 m. United holds a 22% working interest in the licence, which is operated by Kuwait Energy Egypt. Drilling operations have commenced on the Equinor-operated Ginny exploration well 6407/9-13 in the Norwegian Sea. The well, in production licence PL1060, targets both an Upper Jurassic (Ginny) and a Middle Jurassic (Hermine) prospect located between the Galtvort and Hasselmus discoveries. Invictus Energy has confirmed it will drill two wells at its Cabora Bassa project in Zimbabwe in May.

UK carbon capture project moves forward

Source: Net Zero Teesside.

BP has awarded two contracts as part of its dual Front End Engineering Design (FEED) competition for the UK’s first full-scale integrated power and carbon 28

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capture project on its northeast coast – the Teeside Net Zero Power project and carbon storage infrastructure. Two groups will submit development plans for NZT Power’s power station and carbon capture plant, and Northern Endurance Partnership’s Teesside high pressure carbon dioxide (CO2) compression and export facilities. The Technip Energies-led consortium includes Shell as a subcontractor for the provision of the licensed Cansolv CO2 capture technology and Balfour Beatty as the nominated construction partner. The Aker Solutions-led consortium includes Aker Carbon Capture as a subcontractor for the provision of the licensed ‎CO2 capture technology.

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After completion of the FEED process, the two consortiums will submit engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) proposals. As part of the final investment decision expected in 2023, a single consortium will take the project forward. In October 2021, the UK government selected the Northern Endurance Partnership’s East Coast Cluster as one of the first two clusters be taken forward as part of its carbon capture and storage (CCUS) cluster sequencing process. The Northern Endurance partnership, which BP leads as operator, will provide the common infrastructure needed to transport CO2 from emitters across the Humber and Teesside to secure offshore storage in the Endurance aquifer in the Southern North Sea.

INDUSTRY NEWS

World oil price could rise to $380 by 2050, Lukoil predicts World oil prices could hit $380 per barrel in 2050 according to one scenario published in Lukoil’s Global Energy Perspectives to 2050 report.

The report, which considered Evolution, Equilibrium and Transformation scenarios, outlined that high carbon prices and inflation were projected to lead to $380 per barrel oil prices in the Transformation scenario, with prices in the Equilibrium and Evolution scenarios forecast at $197 per barrel and $128 per barrel, respectively. Lukoil’s report notes that the Evolution scenario assumes the development of global energy markets within the framework of the current international

BRIEFS TDI-Brooks has completed a geotechnical site investigation for Beacon Exploration & Production at the Shenandoah field development in deepwater Gulf of Mexico. The project consisted of geotechnical coring/ cone penetration testing (CPT) with TDIBrooks’ research vessel, R/V GYRE. The project included the acquisition of 20-m Jumbo Piston coring, 40-m CPT-Stinger samples and 40-m Shelby-tube Stinger samples.

energy policy and national programmes, considering existing technological capabilities. The Equilibrium scenario is said to be based on a balance between achieving climate goals and economic development and the Transformation scenario is said to assume a radical restructuring of global energy and industry as well as carbon neutrality of the leading economies by 2050. ‘In our outlook we estimate three possible decarbonization trajectories, including the Transformation scenario, which assumes aggressive phase out of hydrocarbons and the most efficient and rapid development of renewable energy and electric transport,’ president of Lukoil, V.U. Alekperov said. ‘At the same time, according to our estimates the development of global energy is currently going according to the Evolution scenario, which does not achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement,’ he added. ‘In this regard, it is necessary to focus even more on decarbonizing production, creating incentives for the development of renewable energy, other low-carbon technologies and energy efficiency. It is important to minimize the possible negative consequences of an accelerated energy transition, including a significant increase in the cost of energy resources,’ Alekperov added. Lukoil’s Global Energy Perspectives to 2050 report was presented in Moscow on December 17.

Petronas has awarded six of the 13 offshore exploration blocks offered in the Malaysia Bid Round (MBR) 2021. The six blocks, awarded to both existing and new players, are Blocks SB412, 2W, X, SK427, SK439 and SK440. These awards are subject to the signing of the production sharing contracts (PSCs) by the first quarter of 2022. MBR 2022 will be launched early next year. Petronas has agreed with Posco to jointly explore opportunities in carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies as well as carbon dioxide (CO2) storage solutions in Malaysia. Both parties will assess opportunities to unlock CCS potential and identify suitable technology within the scope of carbon capture, transportation of CO2 and storage for potential application. Norway’s Ministry of Petroleum and Energy has received applications from Shell, Equinor, Horisont Energi, Northern Lights and Vår Energi for two CO2 injection and storage projects on the NCS. Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) has awarded a $946 million engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) contract to the National Petroleum Construction Company (NPCC) for the development of its Umm Shaif field.

Ekofisk field produces three billionth barrel Oil production on the ConocoPhillips-operated Ekofisk field in the Norwegian North Sea has reached three billion barrels after 50 years of operation. Since production started in 1971, the Greater Ekofisk Area (GEA) has produced a total of six billion barrels of oil equivalent, said ConocoPhillips in a statement.

Equinor is reported to be planning to sell a stake in its Martin Linge oilfield in the North Sea for more than $1 billion.

The GEA is located in the southern part of the North Sea, 186 miles southwest of Stavanger. In addition to the Ekofisk field the area consists of the producing fields Eldfisk and Embla, both of which are part of production licence (PL) 018. The Ekofisk field was Norway’s first producing field and is one of the largest on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS). FIRST

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In a story in our October issue about 45-8 Energy, CVA and Avenia forming the Earth2 initiative to identify subsurface hydrogen projects, we referred to 45-8 Energy as 8-Energy. We are happy to put the record straight.

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INDUSTRY NEWS

US approves three solar projects in California The US Department of Interior has approved three solar projects on public lands in Riverside County, California. The projects will generate roughly one gigawatt of power and are the first approved under the Desert Renewable Energy Conservation Plan (DRECP) in the desert regions of seven California counties. The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) approved the Arica and Victory Pass solar projects, paving the way for construction of photovoltaic solar projects that will generate a total of up to 465 megawatts of electricity with up to 400 megawatts of battery storage. Together, these renewable energy projects will result in an estimated combined infrastructure investment of $689 million. It was also expected to approve the Oberon solar project, a 500-megawatt photovoltaic solar project on 2700 acres of public lands that could generate up to 500 megawatts of renewable energy and power nearly 142,000 homes. Finally, the BLM is soliciting interest in utility-scale solar energy development on nearly 90,000 acres of public land located across Colorado, Nevada,

and New Mexico. It is the agency’s largest project for solar development interest since it designated 17 solar energy zones in 201. The Arica, Victory Pass and Oberon solar projects are within areas identified as suitable for renewable energy development as part of the DRECP, which focuses on 10.8 million acres of public lands in the desert regions of seven California counties. The plan aims to streamline renewable energy development while conserving desert ecosystems and providing outdoor recreation opportunities. The BLM is currently processing 54 utility-scale onshore clean energy projects proposed on public lands in the western US. This includes 40 solar projects, 4 wind projects, 4 geothermal projects, and 6 interconnect gentie. The 54 projects have the potential to add more than 27,500 megawatts of renewable energy to the western electric grid. The BLM is also undertaking the preliminary review of 64 applications for solar and wind development, as well as 47 applications for wind and solar energy testing.

Engie and Equinor develop hydrogen production and carbon capture in Belgium Engie and Equinor have launched the H2BE project which aims to develop production of low-carbon hydrogen from natural gas in Belgium. The project aims at producing hydrogen from natural gas using autothermal reforming (ATR) technology combined with carbon capture and storage (CCS). ATR technology allows for decarbonization rates above 95% and for producing hydrogen at large (GW) scale at competitive cost levels. The cap-

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tured CO2 is planned to be transported in liquid form and to be permanently stored at a site in the sub-surface of the Norwegian North Sea. ENGIE and Equinor will now launch a feasibility study to assess the technical and economic suitability of a site in the Ghent area. ENGIE and Equinor have joined forces with Fluxys, the independent gas transmission system operator in Belgium.

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2022

Shell farms into Chevron block offshore Suriname Chevron and Shell have signed a farm-out agreement for Block 5, offshore Suriname. Chevron transferred to Shell a third of its 60% interest in Block 5 for which it has a production sharing agreement. National oil company Staatsolie signed a 30-year PSC with Chevron for the block last October. The 2235 km2 Block 5 is located in the shallow offshore area. The deal marked Staatsolie’s first participation in offshore activities as a partner. After Shell’s farm-in, Staatsolie’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Paradise Oil Company, has retained its 40% interest. Meanwhile, Chevron and a consortium of TotalEnergies and QatarEnergy have submitted winning bids for blocks offered in the Suriname Shallow Offshore Bid Round 2020/2021 which closed for bidding on April 30. Chevron has obtained a stake in Block 5 and agreed to pay a signing bonus of $30.88 million. It is expected to cover the block’s exploration costs in the first phase that will last six years. The joint venture between TotalEnergies and QatarEnergy acquired interests in Block 6 and Block 8. Exploration well 35/10-7 A encountered a 60 metre oil-filled sandstone-dominated interval in the lower part of the Ness formation and in the Etive formation. Well 35/10-7 S had a measured depth of 3563 metres below sea level and was completed in the Dunlin Group of early Jurassic rock. Well 30/10-7 A was drilled to a measured depth of 3574 metres below sea level and was completed in the upper part of the Dunlin Group.

Special Topic

DIGITALIZATION / MACHINE LEARNING Acquisition, monitoring, modelling, imaging and interpretation of seismic data are being trasnformed by machine learning techniques to produce results with far greater speed and render data that is more accessible and more integrated with other disciplines. Geoscientists are utilizing artificial intelligence to do the work that was once done by human minds. People are therefore freed up to focus on the bigger picture and the overall quality of the geoscience industry is greatly enhanced. Alejandro Valeciano et al describe implementing a global deep learning (DL) model for swell noise removal. Paul de Groot et al describe how machine learning can be used to solve a range of interpolation problems regularly encountered in post-stack seismic data. Ehsan Z. Naeini et al demonstrate two cases of digital transformation facilitating integration of disciplines, data and expertise. Martin Galavazi et al share insights on the key challenges that were encountered in the build-up to the first commercial uncrewed surface vessel (USV) survey and inspection project with Fugro’s Blue Essence USV. Chin Hang Lun et al discuss how machine learning can be used most effectively to classify documents Henri Blondelle et al demonstrate how it is possible to automate decision-making processes using analysis done by the geochemical laboratories. Chris Hanton demonstratess how operators are implementing data platforms to centralize information and promote accessibility. Erik Holtar demonstrates why utilizing deep learning for interpreting the seismic expression of injectites should have great potential, by delineating the complex features after training input on well-defined examples in the seismic cube.

Submit an article

Special Topic overview January

Land Seismic

First Break Special Topics are covered by a mix of original articles dealing with case studies and the latest technology. Contributions to a Special Topic in First Break can be sent directly to the editorial office (firstbreak@eage.org). Submissions will be considered for publication by the editor.

February

Digitalization / Machine Learning

March

Reservoir Monitoring

April

Unconventionals and Passive Seismic

May

Global Exploration Hotspots

June

Leading Geosciences in a New Era

It is also possible to submit a Technical Article to First Break. Technical Articles are subject to a peer review process and should be submitted via EAGE’s ScholarOne website: http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/fb

July

Modelling / Interpretation

August

Near Surface Geo & Mining

September

Reservoir Engineering & Geoscience

October

Energy Transition

November

Marine Acquisition

December

Data Management and Processing

You can find the First Break author guidelines online at www.firstbreak.org/guidelines.

More Special Topics may be added during the course of the year.

FIRST

BREAK

VOLUME

FEBRUARY

2022

CALENDAR

CALENDAR OF EVENTS DATE MARCH 2022 23-25

Second EAGE Digitalization Conference and Exhibition Vienna, Austra www.eage.org

March 2022 1‑3 Mar

EAGE Middle East Geomechanics Workshop Lessons Learned & New Frontiers www.eage.org

Online

15-16 Mar

EAGE Workshop on Naturally Fractured Reservoirs in Asia Pacific www.eage.org

Online

21‑23 Mar

Fourth EAGE Workshop on Well Injectivity/ Productivity and Reservoir Management in Carbonates www.eage.org

Doha

Qatar

23-25 Mar

Second EAGE Digitalization Conference and Exhibition Leadership, Technology and Business of Tomorrow www.eagedigital.org

Vienna

Austria

4‑6 Apr

EAGE GeoTech 2022 Second EAGE Geoscience Technologies and Applications Conference and Exhibition www.eage.org

London and online

United Kingdom

11-14 Apr

Saint Petersburg 2022 10 th International Geological and Geophysical Conference Geosciences: Time for Change, Time for Chance www.eage.ru

St. Petersburg and online

Russia

25-29 Apr

Engineering and Mining Geophysics 2022 Conference & Exhibition www.eage.org

Gelendzhik and online

Russia

25-29 Apr

Engineering and Mining Geology 2022 Conference www.eage.ru

Gelendzhik and online

Russia

28-29 Apr

First EAGE Workshop on Gas Exploration in Latin America www.eage.org

Online

4-5 May

Seismic 2022 and Beyond – The Continuing Role of Seismic in the Energy Industry www.spe-aberdeen.org

Online

19-20 May

Third EAGE Workshop on HPC in Americas www.eage.org

Salvador

Brazil

30 May 4 Jun

Joint Workshop Meeting APSLIM II and 19IWSA www.sw3d.cz

Želiv

Czech Republic

31 May 1 June

EAGE Workshop on Quantitative Geoscience as a Catalyst in a Carbon Neutral World www.eage.org

Kuala Lumpur

Malaysia

83 rd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition 2022 www.eageannual2022.org

Madrid

Spain

April 2022

May 2022

June 2022 6-9 Jun

EAGE Events

FIRST

BREAK

Non-EAGE Events

VOLUME

FEBRUARY

2022

CALENDAR

August 2022 4-5 Aug

Second EAGE Workshop on Advanced Seismic Solutions in the Gulf of Mexico www.eage.org

Mexico City

Mexico

8‑12 Aug

GeoBaikal 2022 www.eage.ru

Irkutsk and online

Russia

22‑24 Aug

Third EAGE Marine Acquisition Workshop www.eage.org

Oslo

Norway

23‑24 Aug

EAGE Asia Pacific Workshop on CO2 Geological Storage www.eage.org

Perth

Australia

24-26 Aug

Second EAGE Workshop on EOR in Latin America www.eage.org

Bogotá

Colombia

September 2022 5-7 Sep

ECMOR 2022 European Conference on Mathematics of Geological Reservoirs www.eage.org

The Hague and online

Netherlands

5-8 Sep

Geomodel 2022 24th Conference on Oil and Gas Geological Exploration and Development www.eage.org

Gelendzhik and online

Russia

5-9 Sep

Fifth EAGE Conference on Petroleum Geostatistics www.eage.org

Porto

Portugal

12-14 Sep

MEDiNA Technical Conference and Exhibition www.medinace.aapg.org

Tunis

Tunisia

13-15 Sep

EAGE Conference on Digital Innovation for a Sustainable Future www.eage.org

Bangkok

Thailand

18-22 Sep

Near Surface Geoscience Conference & Exhibition 2022 www.eage.org

Belgrade

Serbia

19-21 Sep

Sixth EAGE High Performance Computing for Upstream www.eage.org

Milan

Italy

21-23 Sep

Data Science 2022 www.eage.org

Russia

26-28 Sep

Sixth International Conference on Fault and Top Seals www.eage.org

Novosibirsk and online Vienna

28-30 Sep

First EAGE Guyana-Suriname Basin Conference Discoveries and Opportunities to Harness the Potential of a New Oil Patch www.eage.org

Georgetown

Guyana

Austria

October 2022 3-7 Oct

Horizontal Wells 2022 www.eage.org

Sochi and online

Russia

14-16 Oct

Fourth international conference on Geology of the Caspian Sea and Adjacent Areas www.eage.org

Baku

Azerbaijan

24-27 Oct

EAGE 5 th Asia Pacific Meeting on Near Surface Geoscience & Engineering www.eage.org

Taipei

Taiwan

26-27 Oct

Second EAGE Workshop on East Canada Offshore Exploration www.eage.org

Calgary

Canada

28-31 Oct

Second EAGE Subsurface Intelligence Workshop www.eage.org

Manama

Bahrain

November 2022 November

Second EAGE Workshop on Near Surface Geoscience & Mineral Exploration in Latin America www.eage.org

Bogota

Colombia

November

Asia Petroleum Geoscience Conference & Exhibition (APGCE) www.eage.org

Kuala Lumpur

Malaysia

1-3 Nov

Sixth EAGE Rock Physics Workshop www.eage.org

Riyadh

Saudi Arabia

7-8 Nov

Sixth EAGE Eastern Africa Petroleum Geoscience Forum www.eage.org

Cape Town

South Africa

10-11 Nov

First EAGE West Africa E&P Workshop www.eage.org

Cape Town

South Africa

21-25 Nov

First EAGE/ SBGf Workshop on Reservoir Monitoring/Third EAGE Conference on Pre-Salt Reservoir www.eage.org

Rio de Janeiro

Brazil

EAGE Events

Non-EAGE Events

FIRST

BREAK

VOLUME

FEBRUARY

2022

Advanced Acquisition Technologies

Shallow Water

Hybrid Acquisition

Deepwater

shearwatergeo.com/obs