Fist Break March 2022 - Reservoir Monitoring

VO L U M E 4 0 I I S S U E 3 I M A R C H 2 0 2 2

SPECIAL TOPIC

Reservoir Monitoring EAGE NEWS Join the energy future debate in Madrid TECHNICAL ARTICLE Digitising Svalbard’s geology INDUSTRY NEWS Norway APA work bonanza

IT’S NOT JUST WHERE YOU LOOK, IT’S HOW. cgg.com/satellite

FIRST BREAK® An EAGE Publication

CHAIR EDITORIAL BOARD Gwenola Michaud (Gwenola.Michaud@cognite.com) EDITOR Damian Arnold (editorfb@eage.org) MEMBERS, EDITORIAL BOARD • Paul Binns, consultant (pebinns@btinternet.com) • Lodve Berre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (lodve.berre@ntnu.no) • Satinder Chopra, SamiGeo (satinder.chopra@samigeo.com) • Anthony Day, PGS (anthony.day@pgs.com) • Peter Dromgoole, Retired Geophysicist (peterdromgoole@gmail.com) • Rutger Gras, Consultant (r.gras@gridadvice.nl) • Hamidreza Hamdi, University of Calgary (hhamdi@ucalgary.ca) • John Reynolds, Reynolds International (jmr@reynolds-international.co.uk) • James Rickett, Schlumberger (jrickett@slb.com) • Peter Rowbotham, Apache (Peter.Rowbotham@apachecorp.com) • Dave Stewart, Dave Stewart Geoconsulting Ltd (djstewart.dave@gmail.com) • Femke Vossepoel, Delft University of Technology (f.c.vossepoel@tudelft.nl) • Angelika-Maria Wulff, Kuwait Oil Company (AWulff@kockw.com) EAGE EDITOR EMERITUS Andrew McBarnet (andrew@andrewmcbarnet.com)

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Shear Wave Seismic Monitoring of a Carbonate Reservoir

Editorial Contents 3

EAGE News

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Personal Record Interview

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Monthly Update

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Crosstalk

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Industry News

Technical Articles

MEDIA PRODUCTION Saskia Nota (firstbreakproduction@eage.org) PRODUCTION ASSISTANT Ivana Geurts (firstbreakproduction@eage.org) ADVERTISING INQUIRIES corporaterelations@eage.org EAGE EUROPE OFFICE PO Box 59 3990 DB Houten The Netherlands • +31 88 995 5055 • eage@eage.org • www.eage.org EAGE RUSSIA & CIS OFFICE EAGE Russia & CIS Office EAGE Geomodel LLC 19 Leninsky Prospekt 119071, Moscow, Russia • +7 495 640 2008 • moscow@eage.org • www.eage.ru EAGE MIDDLE EAST OFFICE EAGE Middle East FZ-LLC Dubai Knowledge Village Block 13 Office F-25 PO Box 501711 Dubai, United Arab Emirates • +971 4 369 3897 • middle_east@eage.org • www.eage.org EAGE ASIA PACIFIC OFFICE UOA Centre Office Suite 19-15-3A No. 19, Jalan Pinang 50450 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia • +60 3 272 201 40 • asiapacific@eage.org • www.eage.org EAGE AMERICAS SAS Calle 93 # 18-28 Oficina 704 Bogota, Colombia • +57 1 4232948 • americas@eage.org • www.eage.org EAGE MEMBERS CHANGE OF ADDRESS NOTIFICATION Send to: EAGE Membership Dept at EAGE Office (address above) FIRST BREAK ON THE WEB www.firstbreak.org

39 Some improvements in intensely faulted geological setting interpretation by a multi-scale approach D. Krilov and M. Krylova 47 Digitising Svalbard’s geology: the Festningen digital outcrop model Kim Senger, Peter Betlem, Tom Birchall, Luiz Gonzaga Jr, Sten-Andreas Grundvåg, Rafael Kenji Horota, Andreas Laake, Lilith Kuckero, Atle Mørk, Sverre Planke, Nil Rodes and Aleksandra Smyrak-Sikora

Special Topic: Reservoir Monitoring 57 Shear wave seismic monitoring of a carbonate reservoir Thomas L Davis 65 Reservoir monitoring by inversion of reservoir pressure and saturation changes from time-lapse AVO differences and time-shifts Stefan Carpentier, Boris Boullenger and Eduardo Barros 75 Accurate measurements of seabed subsidence above Norwegian gas fields Ola Eiken, Torkjell Stenvold and Håvard Alnes 79 Magnitudes for induced seismicity from local arrays: a Dutch case study Leo Eisner, Ngoc-Tuyen Cao and Tijmen Jan Moser 83 Connecting elastic properties estimated from seismic inversion to reservoir properties and geologic interpretations Killian Ikwuakor 93 Monitoring the Snøhvit gas field using seabed gravimetry and subsidence Hugo Ruiz, Martha Lien, Martin Vatshelle, Håvard Alnes, Marco Haverl and Henrietta Sørensen

Feature: WhatsUp! 97 Looking forward to the EAGE Digital Workshop in Vienna and trust in digitalisation transformation for energy transition challenges Gwenola Michaud 98

Calendar

cover: Oil rig and vessel in the South China Sea.

ISSN 0263-5046 (print) / ISSN 1365-2397 (online) FIRST

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European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers

Board 2021-2022

Dirk Orlowsky President

Jean-Marc Rodriguez Vi c e-President

Pascal Breton Secretary-Treasurer

Near Surface Geoscience Division Alireza Malehmir Chair Esther Bloem Vice-Chair George Apostolopoulos Immediate Past Chair Micki Allen Contact Officer EEGS/North America Hongzhu Cai Liaison China Albert Casas Membership Officer Eric Cauquil Liaison Shallow Marine Geophysics Deyan Draganov Technical Programme Officer Hamdan Ali Hamdan Liaison Middle East Vladimir Ignatev Liaison Russia / CIS Andreas Kathage Liaison Officer First Break Musa Manzi Liaison Africa Myrto Papadopoulou Young Professional Liaison Koya Suto Liaison Asia Pacific Catherine Truffert Industry Liaison Panagiotis Tsourlos Editor-in-Chief Near Surface Geophysics Florina Tuluca Committee Member

Oil & Gas Geoscience Division

Caroline Le Turdu Membership and Cooperation Officer

Peter Rowbotham Publications Officer

Colin MacBeth Education Officer

Lucy Slater Chair Yohaney Gomez Galarza Vice-Chair Michael Peter Suess Immediate Past Chair; TPC Erica Angerer Member Wiebke Athmer Member Juliane Heiland TPC Tijmen Jan Moser Editor-in-Chief Geophysical Prospecting Francesco Perrone Member Matteo Ravasi YP Liaison Jonathan Redfern Editor-in-Chief Petroleum Geoscience Giovanni Sosio DET SIC Liaison Aart-Jan van Wijngaarden Technical Programme Officer

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Aart-Jan van Wijngaarden Technical Programme Officer

Alireza Malehmir Chair Near Surface Geoscience Division

Lucy Slater Chair Oil & Gas Geoscience Division

Orders for current subscriptions and back issues should be sent to EAGE Publications BV, Journal Subscriptions, PO Box 59, 3990 DB, Houten, The Netherlands. Tel: +31 (0)88 9955055, E-mail: subscriptions@eage.org, www.firstbreak.org.

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However, responsibility for the opinions given and the statements made rests with the authors.

COPYRIGHT & PHOTOCOPYING © 2022 EAGE All rights reserved. First Break or any part thereof may not be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transcribed in any form or by any means, electronically or mechanically, including photocopying and recording, ­without the prior written permission of the publisher.

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HIGHLIGHTS

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Far East hydrocarbons in the spotlight

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HPC in Americas event coming soon

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All your AI questions answered

Exhibition in Madrid offers something for everyone Heading to the EAGE Annual in Madrid this June, we once again hope to fulfil your expectations with a great earth science as impressive as any in the past few years. This year’s Exhibition will continue to explore state-of-the-art products and innovative services in the industry and offer opportunities for networking with thousands of geoscientists and engineers from around the globe.

This year we are highlighting special interest areas at the Exhibition for everyone to explore. The Energy Transition Area – a new feature this year – will have a theatre with a dedicated programme alongside the main EAGE technical agenda. This is where delegates can dive into the world of renewables and learn about solutions related to topics like

geothermal, CCS, wind farms, etc. Meantime, our Digital Transformation Area seeks to explore solutions around people, processes and technology in the digital energy arena, through a programme of presentations at another dedicated theatre.

The Start-up Area supports new initiatives and innovative ideas that may be evolving in the future. Last but not least, the University Area is where you can learn about the programmes and research focus of academic institutes in their next semesters.

The EAGE Community Hub will once again be the one-stop-shop for all things EAGE at the Exhibition. It is the best place to meet with our staff, ask questions about the Annual and the range of services that we provide, like membership,

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EarthDoc, Learning Geoscience and more.

Also organised in the EAGE Community Hub are a number of excellent student activities. More details will be announced soon on the website, so stay tuned!

As ever, the Exhibition offers free coffee points, wi-fi, working and seating areas. The Icebreaker Reception will kickoff the Exhibition immediately after the Opening Ceremony, to maximise your networking and socialising experience.

Elements of the technical programme will also be featured on the exhibition floor this year, offering an integrated experience where networking and following the technical programme becomes one.

Visit www.eageannual2022.org for more information on the Exhibition and all programmes on offer. And be sure to register as a delegate or exhibition visitor sooner rather than later. Remember you can benefit from the early bird registration rates until 15 March 2022.

For companies, universities and other relevant organisations, there is still room to participate in our Exhibition. We offer the opportunity for your company to showcase your services and technologies, launch new products and heighten brand awareness. Our account managers are always ready to walk you through the possibilities. You can reach our account management team on corporaterelations@eage.org.

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EAGE NEWS

Join the energy future conversation in Madrid Our Annual Meeting in Madrid in June provides a rare opportunity to meet in-person and discuss the global technology, business and human resource issues impacting geoscientists and engineers now and likely to affect the working lives of our professional commmunities in the future.

We plan to facilitate the conversation by presenting a series of four highly topical forums in the same format as last year in Amsterdtam. Starting with the Opening Session, each day will have a plenary forum in which a panel of industry leaders, top academics and analysts will provide their authoritative view on the topic under discussion. The timing of the forums does not clash with the Technical Programme schedule, thereby allowing all delegates the chance to attend.

Below is a brief description of what you can look forward to.

Adapting O&G exploration to the new energy era A huge responsibility has fallen on energy-related companies to adapt their subsurface resource businesses to the challenge of the Energy Transition. Balancing this transition while meeting the need for continuing hydrocarbons exploration presents complex decisions in investment and strategies. This impact is immediately felt within the exploration sector which stands at the forefront of the upstream oil and gas cycle. Potential for new hydrocarbon plays, frontier exploration, and focusing on existing and near field production are all options with benefits and drawbacks.

We will be asking our panel of energy industry experts how the geography and technology of hydrocarbon exploration are changing and where the evolving role of the exploration function will inevitably lead.

Plenary forum in session at EAGE Amsterdam last October.

Opening Session: How energy transition will unfold: the big picture The Energy Transition is gaining momentum. That was clear from the COP26 UN climate change meeting in Glasgow in November 2021. Governments are under pressure to act as extreme climate-related 4

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events fuel public anxiety and demands for change from environmental activists.

The energy resource industries themselves are being increasingly challenged by their stakeholders to provide a credible path to net zero emissions.

In our opening forum we are inviting our panel to plot the likely path of global energy transition. It should provide a compelling insight into how key actors involved in our energy future view the factors that will determine how – and how rapidly — energy transition will unfold.

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Subsurface low carbon solutions Decarbonization of the world’s energy and industrial activities requires significant advances across a broad range of technologies. However, much of the recent focus has been around solar, wind and electrification. But this is only a part of the climate change mitigation story.

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Carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) remains a critical component if we are to meet net zero goals. Recent political developments have revitalized interest in CCUS and are attracting new investment. Other subsurface solutions such as geothermal energy as well as underground storage of hydrogen are also attracting major interest, and who knows where increasing research and investment may lead. We do know that all these new industrial solutions raise important questions about environmental safety, regulation and social acceptance. These are factors that will affect a productive outcome.

The role of subsurface solutions in the push for decarbonisation is therefore the urgent topic for our panellists. Their conclusions will be of crucial interest to both today’s geoscience and engineering community and the upcoming generation of professionals seeking to identify the skill sets likely to be required in these rapidly changing energy scenarios.

Why minerals matter for geoscience community We are on the cusp of a huge global demand for minerals and metals to make energy transition a reality. The facts speak for themselves. Production of minerals, such as graphite, lithium (for batteries) and cobalt, could increase by nearly 500% by 2050, according to a World Bank report.

Of special interest is the mining code being considered for deepsea exploitation of minerals, currently being drafted by the International Seabed Authority, and moves to permit ocean bed mining in Norwegian territorial waters.

What these developments mean and the fresh opportunities that may be opening up for our geoscience and engineering professions will be discussed by our panel of leading experts.

85 Hz FWI IMAGE

FWI VELOCITY BEX MC3D data courtesy of Multi-Client Resources

SIMULTANEOUS MODEL-BUILDING AND LEAST-SQUARES IMAGING There’s no need to pull a rabbit out of a hat when it comes to reflection FWI. DUG’s unique augmented acoustic wave equation isolates the “roo ears” for high-resolution velocity updates beyond the diving-wave limit. It also enables least-squares imaging using the entire wavefield providing high-frequency reflectivity volumes for quantitative interpretation.

Simultaneous velocity model building and least-squares imaging directly from field data.

A roo-volution in seismic imaging!

EAGE NEWS

Workshop explores continuing promise of Russia’s Far East hydrocarbons

WORKSHOP

REPORT

Workshop committee leaders Alexey Khabarov and Aleksandr Darishchev report on the 6th EAGE Workshop on Far East Hydrocarbons 2021 held in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk last October.

All smiles during field trip.

Once again we were in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk for our sixth workshop on Far East Hydrocarbons at a venue provided by Sakhalin Energy attended by representatives of leading hydrocarbon producers and service companies from Sakhalin along with guests from Moscow, Saint-Petersburg, and Tyumen.

In their welcome Ruslan Oblekov and Alexey Khabarov, both from Sakhalin Energy, highlighted the importance of active participation of industry engineers and researchers from scientific, educational institutions and industrial centres.

The speakers also stated that hydrocarbon production in the Russian Far East relied on the synergy of domestic and foreign knowledge, experience, and approaches to solve the engineering

problems in a complex geological, climatic, and geographical conditions.

In his opening remarks Mikhail Novikov, director of the EAGE Regional Office for Russia and CIS, noted that 2021 marked the 70th anniversary of the Association’s first conference at Scheveningen in the Hague, in 1951.

Olga Timofeeva, chief geophysicist, Sakhalin Energy, followed with a review of how 4D seismic surveys can be used as a control tool for offshore production.

Seismic monitoring was first implemented

by Sakhalin Energy in 2010 at the Piltun-Astokhskoye oil and gas condensate field. Now all production targets of the company, including the Lunskoye oil and gas condensate field, are covered by regular seismic monitoring.

Photos from field trip to local sites of interest on day two of the event.

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The workshop itself was divided into three themed sessions: geophysics, geology, and offshore production. The first session on geophysical investigation of wells and formations included a presentation by Aleksandr Khomyakov (Dukhov Automatics Research Institute) on a new pulsed neutron gamma-ray logging system to identify rock composition and one

by Mariya Petrova (Sakhalin Energy) on the interpretation results of a 4D seismic data acquired over the Lunskoye field in 2018.

In the second themed session on field geology and hydrocarbon system modeling, Maksim Snachev (Gazpromneft STC) discussed new field geological data from the Nutovo formation of the Ayashsky licence block in offshore Sakhalin showing the development potential of the area in light of the recently discovered Neptun and Triton oil fields.

Evgeniya Leushina (Skoltech) talked about the nuances of composition and generation properties of organic matter from outcrops in central and southern Sakhalin (age equivalents of the Pilskaya suite). Alexey Levin (RN-SakhalinNIPImorneft) reported on various modelling aspects of hydrocarbon generation and accumulation in thick siliceous beds in the North Sakhalin sedimentary basin.

In the third session on offshore production Aleksandr Darishchev (Sakhalin Energy) used the example of Piltun-Astokhskoye Block II development to demonstrate how integrated oil production system modelling at the front-end

EAGE NEWS

Delegates in the frame.

engineering design stage ensured more stable production. Vladimir Borodkin (Ingeoservice) presented the indicators of hydrocarbon deposit formation in a fluid migration model in the context of the Barents and Kara Seas shelf according to 3D seismic data. Ivan Vasiliev (Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology), participating online, described the role of models of mechanical properties of seafloor sediments to ensure the stability

of self-elevating units against seismic loads.

Several key trends emerged from the workshop, namely: seismic monitoring (4D seismic surveys) for drilling optimization, production control, and safety of offshore operation; integration of various types of geophysical research and advantages of advanced methods and equipment; improvement of regional hydrocarbon system models; more accurate generation prediction and assessment of new production targets; and the application of advanced software suites and integrated modelling for optimization and improved safety and performance of offshore production. All these are made possible by inter-disciplinary cooperation.

Mikhail Novikov ended the day thanking Sakhalin Energy for assistance and support, appreciating that the company has been regular participant and supporter of the workshop since its inception in 2011.

Session in progress.

Attentive audience.

EAGE Online Education Calendar VELOCITIES, IMAGING, AND WAVEFORM INVERSION - THE EVOLUTION OF CHARACTERIZING THE EARTH’S SUBSURFACE, BY I.F. JONES (ONLINE EET)

SELF PACED COURSE

6 CHAPTERS OF 1 HR

GEOSTATISTICAL RESERVOIR MODELING, BY D. GRANA

SELF PACED COURSE

8 CHAPTERS OF 1 HR

CARBONATE RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION, BY L. GALLUCCIO

SELF PACED COURSE

8 CHAPTERS OF 1 HR

1-4 MAR

CASE STUDIES AND PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN GEOPHYSICAL ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING METHODS, BY L. DE VINCENZI

SHORT COURSE

4 CHAPTERS OF 4 HRS

7 MAR 7 APR

NON-SEISMIC DATA ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING: GRAVITY AND MAGNETICS, BY J. MONDT

EXTENSIVE COURSE*

6 CHAPTERS OF 2 HRS

10-11 MAR

MIGRATION AND VELOCITY MODEL BUILDING, BY P. GERRITSMA

SHORT COURSE

2 CHAPTERS OF 4 HRS

15-18 MAR

MODERN SEISMIC RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION, BY L. THOMSEN

SHORT COURSE

4 CHAPTERS OF 4 HRS

21-24 MAR

FULL-WAVEFORM INVERSION FOR HIGH-RESOLUTION RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION, BY D. GISOLF

SHORT COURSE

4 CHAPTERS OF 4 HRS

22-25 MAR

3D PRINTING AS AN EMERGING TECHNOLOGY IN GEOSCIENCES,

BY F. HASIUK & S. ISHUTOV

SHORT COURSE

4 CHAPTERS OF 4 HRS

28-29 MAR

THE BENEFIT OF BROADBAND TECHNOLOGY FOR RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION AND IMAGING – THE END-USER VALUE, BY C. REISER

SHORT COURSE

2 CHAPTERS OF 4 HRS

28-31 MAR

CONSTRUCTION OF FRACTURED RESERVOIR MODELS FOR FLOW SIMULATION INCORPORATING GEOLOGY, GEOPHYSICS AND GEOMECHANICS, BY R. MICHELENA, C. ZAHM & J. GILMAN

SHORT COURSE

4 CHAPTERS OF 4 HRS

5 APR 5 MAY

DATA SCIENCE FOR GEOSCIENCE, BY J. CAERS

EXTENSIVE COURSE*

4 CHAPTERS OF 1-2 HRS

5-8 APR

MITIGATING BIAS, BLINDNESS AND ILLUSION IN E&P DECISION MAKING,

BY M. BOND

SHORT COURSE

4 CHAPTERS OF 4 HRS

12-15 APR

GEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF GEOPHYSICAL DATA FOR MINERAL EXPLORATION, BY M. DENTITH

SHORT COURSE

4 CHAPTERS OF 4 HRS

21‑22 APR

MEDIUM AND LOW-GRADE GEOTHERMAL ENERGY: GEOSCIENCE AND GEOMECHANICS, BY G. WACH & M. DUSSEAULT (ONLINE EET)

SHORT COURSE

2 CHAPTERS OF 4 HRS

START AT ANY TIME

* EXTENSIVE SELF PACED MATERIALS AND INTERACTIVE SESSIONS WITH THE INSTRUCTORS: CHECK SCHEDULE OF EACH COURSE FOR DATES AND TIMES OF LIVE SESSIONS FOR THE FULL CALENDAR, MORE INFORMATION AND REGISTRATION PLEASE VISIT WWW.EAGE.ORG AND WWW.LEARNINGGEOSCIENCE.ORG.

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EAGE NEWS

Subsurface Intelligence Workshop to include GeoHack opportunity ‘Tools of the future to expose the past’ is the catchy theme for the Second EAGE Subsurface Intelligence Workshop, planned for 28-31 October 2022 in Manama, Bahrain. Co-chairs Mohamed Abdulla (Tatweer Petroleum) and Abdulmohsin Al Mansour (Saudi Aramco) provide a detailed introduction.

Subsurface intelligence (SI) captures the concept of meeting the aim of any E&P organisation, which is to maximize value from assets being explored, operated and developed by harnessing today’s technologies and advancements in data science.

That is what our workshop is all about.

these targets become scarce, we need to be equipped with unconventional and highly efficient tools to discover what couldn’t be found before.

Rapid advances in the AI realm have already penetrated the E&P industry in multiple domains. The geoscience appli-

Participants of the first EAGE Subsurface Intelligence Workshop, held in Bahrain in December 2019.

We plan to bring together bright minds from E&P Companies including NOCs, ICOs and service companies together with academia and young professionals to engage in discussions, exchange ideas and experiences to jointly discuss the state of progress and potential developments.

The pure conventional methods performed in the last century have been great in defining the obvious targets. However, as

cations are progressing and will require a workforce with a new skill set to be able to design and implement such solutions. We will be focusing on the need to optimize the use of data gathered, and understand the uncertainty each data type has to help us achieve different realizations of our current reservoirs. By coupling our latest understanding of subsurface geological processes and how they were physically

created with machine learning, we have a great chance to meet that demand and deliver robust solutions.

As part of the workshop, all attendees will have a chance to take part in the EAGE GeoHack: a two-day coding, problem solving and social hackathon where software developers, engineers and geoscientists will spend intensive hours to hack, test and experiment with the latest advancements in machine learning algorithms against open-source subsurface data. It is a great opportunity for companies to benchmark machine learning algorithms performance, expose the most promising technologies, and understand successes and pitfalls in machine learning.

The deadline to submit abstracts for the workshop technical programme is 15 May, and the technical committee welcomes submissions on a wide range of topics, such as: State of AI in the geosciences, AI in the seismic domain, Integration of physics and data-driven approaches in geoscience, Uncertainty in AI methods used for reservoir characterization, Data management for AI/ML, and Case Studies.

For more information, visit the event website.

Gas exploration in Latin America is topic for first regional online seminar The First EAGE Online Seminar on Gas Exploration in Latin America, taking place on 28-29 April 2022, should be a great opportunity to learn more about the potential that this region holds in terms of gas assets.

We are planning presentations on exploration and production of offshore 8

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and onshore gas fields in various countries including Brazil, Colombia, Peru, and Uruguay with contributors from regulators, governmental entities, operators and service companies. Of particular interest will be discussion topics such as ‘Unravelling Brazil’s natural gas potential’; ‘Technical and economic assessment of

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natural gas prospective resources offshore Uruguay’; and ‘Using offshore seeps to explore for gas fields’.

Visit the event website to learn more about the technical talks and how to register for this online event.

EAGE NEWS

Explore latest EAGE Education website features

At EAGE, education is at the heart of our mission to share knowledge. We are very proud that after one year from its launch, our Learning Geoscience platform has become a reference source of online learning for geoscientists and engineers at all phases of their career.

It is never too early or late to start planning your training schedule for the year.

You doubtless know that our education programmes have a lot to offer in various different formats, but did you notice that we have added some new features to our Education section, both on the EAGE website and Learning Geoscience platform?

Education calendar In an effort to provide you with a better experience in searching for training opportunities and advice through EAGE, we’re thrilled to introduce a new look to our education calendar. It will help you easier navigate all courses open for registration, in all formats on offer. This means our Interactive Online Short Courses and online EAGE Education Tours (EETs), Extensive Online Short Courses, Self Paced Courses, courses in collaboration with our partner organizations, as well as the rich EAGE free learning resources spanning all disciplines covered by the Association. You can also search for courses and learning materials in a particular category and sub-category, by month or by an instructor’s name. To explore the new style education calendar, go to www.eage.org/education or www.LearningGeoscience.org.

education services. It’s also a place for your input and much more.

Scan the QR codes below to discover more about the new features.

Explore our new education calendar

Read the latest education news updates

Short course and in-house training opportunities for you Interested in a course or topic that is not on the calendar? No problem! We invite you to check the EAGE Short Course Catalogue in which you will find an overview of over 100 short courses, delivered by a range of experienced instructors from industry and academia. We have carefully selected these short courses to be multi-disciplinary, in keeping with our Association’s ethos, and to keep abreast of the latest trends in geoscience and engineering. Most of the courses can be delivered as in-house training, and are available upon request. For personalized proposals and more information, contact us at CorporateRelations@eage.org.

Education news corner A new corner for education news updates is now available on our Learning Geoscience platform. Here you will find the latest education information, insights, announcements and developments from EAGE, our instructors and partner organizations. The page is frequently updated to cover our selection of new courses on hot industry topics and partnership

Wanted: Machine learning case studies for new education programme For the preparation of a planned EAGE education programme on machine learning and learning from machines, EAGE’s long-time collaborator Ehsan Naeini is appealing for case study examples. ‘I would like to invite all my colleagues across the industry and academia to help compiling a range of case studies

where you have successfully implemented a machine learning pipeline and, during the course of your work, you learned something from the data and/or had to deal with the data quality issues that you had not thought of before kicking off your project.’

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The aim is to generate examples for a new EAGE e-Lecture or possibly a course (format depending on the received content). For those who would like to contribute, submissions will be gratefully received and should be sent to communities@eage.org by 15 April 2022.

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EAGE NEWS

Latest workshop on HPC in Americas coming soon We are excited to be inviting the computer tech community to participate in the Third EAGE Workshop on High Performance Computing (HPC) in Americas on 17-18 May in Salvador Bahia, Brazil. Abstracts for the event can be submitted up to 8 April 2022.

conducting successful small-scale pilots and POC pilots, several operators and service companies are now leading the way. However, while many oil and gas companies are testing new digital ways of working, no one can claim to have ‘figured it out’ yet.

Server room with server tower.

A big reason for being part of this event is the the upstream oil and gas is still percieved to be lagging behind other industries when it comes to digital enablement. After a few years of

Over the past five years we have seen the industry hiring chief digital officers, designing digital strategies, establishing business units to promote them, partnering with technology companies,

and making an effort to adopt a culture that nurtures new ways of working. We are also witnessing a proliferation of technologies being implemented in the field, from the use of digital twins to optimize production to drones conducting inspections offshore. The industry is building a digital strategy from scratch, developing an analytics solution for operators, innovating with a technology partner, allowing the ‘connected worker’ in the field to transform activities into a data-driven culture.

During these last five years, the impact of the digital data revolution in geosciences is evident. Computing power has accelerated according to Moore’s Law, while data science accelerates the rate at which routine tasks are performed. In general, key digital applications integrate real-time data and advanced analytics for better decision-making, improved efficiency and sustainability, acceleration of the business cycle.

The workshop offers an excellent opportunity to review the advance of HPC and its impact on oil and gas E&P technology in the Americas. Make sure you check out the details for abstract submissions and event registration at the EAGE website.

EAGE Student Calendar 7 MAR

STUDENT WEBINAR: CONFRONTING THE CHALLENGES OF REAPPRAISING LEGACY ONLINE SEISMIC DATA, BY MICHAEL WESTGATE

31 MAR

2022 MINUS CO2 CHALLENGE APPLICATION OPENS

ONLINE

4 APRIL

STUDENT WEBINAR: QC OF SEISMIC WITH ROCK PHYSICS AND MACHINE LEARNING, BY ALEXANDRO VERA ARROYO

ONLINE

4-8 APR

STUDENT CHAPTERS GEOQUIZ

ONLINE

3-4 MAY

STUDENT AND YP CONFERENCE: ENERGY TRANSITION – A CHANGE DRIVEN BY YOUNG PROFESSIONALS

UPPSALA, SWEDEN

9 MAY

STUDENT WEBINAR: APPLICATION OF SEISMIC ATTRIBUTES AND PROBABILISTIC NEURAL NETWORKS, BY DIANA SALAZAR

ONLINE

5 JUN

LAURIE DAKE CHALLENGE FINAL ROUND

MADRID, SPAIN

6-9 JUN

83RD EAGE ANNUAL CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION (STUDENT ACTIVITIES)

MADRID, SPAIN

18-22 SEP

NEAR SURFACE GEOSCIENCE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION 2022

BELGRADE, SERBIA

FOR MORE INFORMATION AND REGISTRATION PLEASE CHECK THE STUDENT SECTION AT WWW.EAGE.ORG

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EAGE NEWS

EAGE Digital set to highlight the technology shaping the energy industry

OUR JOURNALS

THIS MONTH

The Second EAGE Digitalization Conference and Exhibition is finally here.

The event will take place between the 23-25 March at the Messe Wien Congress Center in Vienna, Austria. EAGE Digital is the association’s flagship event for discussing the latest technical developments as well as business opportunities and challenges brought on by the rapid digital transformation of the oil and gas and energy industries.

The innovative programme combines both technical and strategic elements to provide a comprehensive analysis of how digital transformation will contribute to improving safety, efficiency and resiliency of future operations.

This year’s technical programme offers a look into the many developments across the intersection of geoscience, engineering and data science.

Sessions will include oral and poster presentations across such topics as data management, modeling, digital twins,

Geophysical Prospecting (GP) publishes primary research on the science of geophysics as it applies to the exploration, evaluation and extraction of earth resources. Drawing heavily on contributions from researchers in the oil and mineral exploration industries, the journal has a very practical slant. A new edition (Volume 70, Issue 3) will be published in March, featuring eleven articles.

Editor’s Choice articles: • Simple formulas for pseudo-position for electrical resistivity and IP in vertical boreholes based on mean positions of the sensitivity (research note)– Samuel Leonard Butler • The dead volume effect on the elastic moduli measurements using the forced-oscillation method – Vassili Mikhaltsevitch • Signal-to-noise ratio computation for challenging land single-sensor seismic data (research note) – Maxim Protasov

Busy sessions expected.

machine learning applications, automation and much more. There will also be three dedicated sessions organized on ‘Open Source Tools and Collaboration’, ‘Productizing Machine Learning Applications’ and ‘Digital Tools for Energy Transition’.

Digital transformation has the potential to empower our industry to solve the biggest business, technological and environmental challenges. The strategic

CHECK OUT

THE LATEST GP

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programme brings together key thought leaders to discuss these opportunities across a series of keynotes, panels and roundtable discussions. Timely topics such as ‘The Future of Exploration’, ‘Innovation and Better Decision Making’, ‘Unleashing the Power of Partnerships’ and ‘Scaling from Ideas to Value’ will illustrate the vast ways in which digital initiatives are impacting across the entire value chain and shaping the evolution of work. Speakers will include senior executives from traditional oil and gas operators and service companies as well as leading consultants and prominent technology companies.

We would like to thank our main sponsors OMV and Schlumberger who have provided extensive support for the event. Other sponsors include Cognite, tNavigator, Emerson and AkerBP. Don’t miss the opportunity to take part in this extensive programme. You can still register to join in Vienna or

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participate online. Visit the website at eagedigital.org to sign up or learn more.

Registered delegates of the conference are welcomed to participate as a mentor or mentee in our Mentoring Programme starting on 2 March. This will be the chance to enrich your path through the event by getting to know another attendee and sharing a part of their journey. More information is available on the event website.

EAGE NEWS

Characterising basin-scale carbon reservoir target discussed at London LC webinar

Workflow presented by Christopher Lloyd in the webinar.

In the latest LC London webinar on 27 January, Christopher Lloyd gave a technical talk on integrated subsurface characterisation of a basin-scale carbon

reservoir target based upon his PhD work recently completed at The University of Manchester.

Lloyd explained that one of the challenges in upscaling carbon capture and storage to reduce anthropogenic emissions is to find and mature prospective CO2 storage sites. Many aquifers have been highlighted as potential candidates, but now more detailed geological characterisation is required to better constrain containment, capacity and injectivity.

Lloyd went through a workflow developed to identify the best and worst sealing areas, potential prospects and to calculate static and dynamic storage capacities. The workflow presented can be adapted and applied to any aquifer for regional characterisation. Dynamic simulations demonstrate the sensitivity

of migration routes and storage capacity to reservoir architecture and threshold pressure. Overall, the work demonstrates that it is fundamental to map and constrain geological heterogeneity in the reservoir, seal and overburden to identify and appraise suitable CO2 storage sites.

The presentation was followed by the Q&A session and interactive online communication between the speaker and the audience, where practical and technical aspects of the presented workflow were discussed. Recording of the talk is available on the EAGE’s YouTube channel.

EAGE Local Chapter London acknowledges Artem Kashubin of PetroTrace, Bingmu Xiao of CGG, Yulia Biryaltseva of Equinor, Azza Salem and, of course, Christopher Lloyd for arranging this event.

Reservoir management in carbonates workshop is back for fourth time The Fourth EAGE WIPIC (Well Injectivity and Productivity in Carbonate) Workshop: Reservoir Management in Carbonates is scheduled for 21-23 March 2022 in Doha, Qatar. Those unable to travel will have the opportunity this year to participate virtually.

The workshop previously focused on WIPIC, but now it has expanded its horizons to include the main technical challenges in the characterisation and production of carbonate reservoirs. It also encompasses discussions on well stimulation and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) projects moving towards a multi-disciplinary approach for problem solving in heterogeneous reservoirs such as carbonates.

This time the two days of technical presentations will extend across a wide range of topics including optimal field

development; injectivity and productivity of wells alongside such elements as geological modelling; reservoir simulation; reservoir management; history-matching; uncertainty assessment and enhanced recovery mechanisms. Various keynote presentations from QatarEnergy, TotalEnergies and QatarGas will also enhance the programme.

In each WIPIC there has also been a knowledge enriching one-day course as part of the conference and this year is no different. The workshop will begin with a course on ‘Reservoir Simulation Fundamentals’ presented by Dr Leonardo Patacchini, Stone Ridge Technology. This will cover a wide selection of reservoir simulation concepts needed to build and run a dynamic model in a programme suitable for early to middle career subsurface professionals, e.g., FIRST

The 2019 edition brought together specialists from multiple organisations.

reservoir geologists, reservoir engineers, petroleum engineers, petrophysicists and managers.

In summary, the workshop continues to provide an exceptional opportunity to share experiences. We believe that a multi- disciplinary approach is the next step forward to improve our work for better reservoir management.

Visit the website to register and learn more.

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As the 83rd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition is shaping up, we would like to give you an insight into what you can expect and already sign up for. Remember: if you register before 15 March 2022, you will benefit from the Early Bird fee. Join us today!

TECHNICAL PROGRAMME IS UNDERWAY! With almost 1000 submissions, our experts are now working hard to build the programme. After the successful Technical Programme Selection Meeting hosted last month, we are now getting closer to seeing the final programme live!

Dedicated Sessions  AI in Geoscience and Geophysics: Current Trends and Future Prospects  Energy Transition Technologies Powering Progress towards a Net Zero Future  Petroleum Systems of Mediterranean Sea

Meanwhile, did you see our Dedicated Sessions?

These will be offered to complement the technical  Present and Future in Seismic Interpretation  Current Trends in Mineral Exploration Geophysics programme, adding to its depth and variety.

WILL WE SEE YOU IN MADRID ON 6-9 JUNE? V ISI T E A GE A NNU A L 202 2 .ORG A ND RE GIS T ER T OD AY !

ENGAGING WORKSHOPS

CAPTIVATING FIELD TRIPS

The EAGE Annual offers interactive workshops, providing participants with the opportunity to gain new skills, new insights and the new knowledge that is key to developing your academic or professional profile. With a fascinating range of topical and relevant workshops to choose from, you are sure to find a programme that suits your needs.

Do you want some hands-on experience outside of the normal conference & exhibition days? Choose one of our field trips and explore your field as well as Madrid more in-depth.

WS01 Deep learning for seismic processing: Investigating the foundations WS02 Cycle skipping in full waveform inversion: Who? Where? When? What to do?

WS03 Future of Seismic Monitoring of injection and extraction of fluids: emergent technologies and instrumentation WS04 Geosciences in a new energy business landscape: still a matter for Geoscientists, or just a challenge for data and machines?

WS08 Mapping and Quantifying CO2 in the Subsurface - data, models, and uncertainty WS10 Towards a better characterisation of Natural Fractured Reservoirs (NFRs): from borehole to field scale WS11 Integrated multiphysics near-surface characterization: New technologies for emerging applications WS12 Survey Design for new technology and new applications

WS05 Innovation on geophysical exploration of Geothermal Reservoirs WS06 Multi-parameter imaging and inversion: applications, strategies, and outstanding questions WS07 Offshore mineral exploration/ Non-Oil & Gas related Geophysics

WS15 The diversity in evolution of deep-water margins and continent to ocean transitions WS16 Defining a roadmap to determine the feasibility of any underground gas storage (porous media and salt caverns) to store hydrogen

FT 1 Geothermal potential of the Madrid Basin FT 2 Site Visit to Las Loras UNESCO Global Geopark (Burgos/ Palencia)

FT 3 Molina-Alto Tajo Global UNESCO Geopark (Guadalajara province) FT 4 Site Visit to Underground Gas Storage (UGS) at Yela (Guadalajara)

NEW REGISTRATION SETUP The registration consists of both in-person as well as online attendance, all under one single fee.

The programme for this year’s event is focussed on organising a live conference and exhibition that will have online components matching the quality of the physical format.

The reason EAGE chose this registration setup is to offer the maximum amount of flexibility regarding your decision to attend the event in the context of today’s uncertain times. With this registration type you are able to switch the way you attend until the very last moment, depending on the travel situation at the time of the event.

Check out the website for the latest programme updates and registration

Are you (or your company) interested in the purchase of discounted group registrations (10+)?

To learn more about the details and advantages, please contact your EAGE account manager or send your request to corporaterelations@eage.org

EAGE NEWS

Contributors invited for NSG Special Issue on geophysics for infrastructure challenges Guest editors of Near Surface Geophysics (NSG) are inviting the submission of papers for a Special Issue on ‘Geophysics for Infrastructure Planning, Monitoring and Building Information Modelling (BIM)’ scheduled for publication in February 2023.

Roadside monitoring project.

The topic is of interest because geophysics and non-destructive testing (NDT) can play an essential role prior to, during, and after the construction of engi-

neered structures and in their long-term monitoring, evaluation and maintenance.

Detailed imaging of complex geology and quantification of physical properties of the soil-subsoil are among the significant roles that geophysics can play during the infrastructure planning phase. In addition to these characterisation tasks, geological risk assessment is a critical first step during the design of infrastructure projects. Meantime monitoring during and after construction are important control measures for hazards associated with infrastructure development.

Geophysical methods can also provide subsurface information at high resolution in space and time and may be used to detect subsurface objects and utilities, as well as to supplement NDT techniques to identify problem areas for targeted maintenance of ageing infrastructure. The development of new geophysical and NDT techniques and processing workflows will likely see a rise in applications in the infrastructure industry over the coming years.

In all these steps prior, during and after construction, geophysical information must be delivered in a meaningful way to geotechnical and civil engineers, planners and

asset owners. BIM tools are increasingly crucial for communicating geomodels to end-users, thus aiding decision making and overall understanding of the results.

The Special Issue will focus all these issues so as to address the challenges related to the infrastructure life cycle, including subsurface characterisation, geological risk assessment for infrastructure projects, monitoring, subsurface objects and utility detection, communication of geomodels to clients and application of new and emerging technologies for infrastructure design projects and monitoring.

The guest editors are requesting that an expression of interest in submitting an article (10-15 lines abstract) should be sent to them by 15 March 2022, with the deadline of May 2022 for a full manuscript. A final decision on accepted manuscripts will be 15 November 2022 with publication in February 2023.

Guest editors for this issue are Dr Beatriz Benjumea Moreno (Geological and Mining Institute of Spain) - b.benjumea@ igme.es, Prof Alireza Malehmir (Uppsala University, Sweden) - Alireza.Malehmir@geo.uu.se, and Dr Arre Verweerd (AECOM) - arre.verweerd@aecom.com.

ADDITIONS THIS MONTH In March proceedings of the International Petroleum Technology Conference (IPTC) will be available on EarthDoc. An impressive 4,200+ papers were submitted for IPTC, out of which 832 papers were selected for presentation in 107 technical sessions dedicated to industry trends, exchange expertise and experience, present state-of-the-art technology and innovation.

The EAGE Workshop on Naturally Fractured Reservoirs in Asia Pacific being held online in March includes approximately 20 abstracts foregrounding the fractured reservoir characterization, technology breakthroughs, and newly available technology to enhance naturally fractured reservoirs recovery, understanding of contemporary and emerging tools for reservoir modelling, geomechanics, drilling, and the completion challenges that come with it.

26 extended abstracts of the Fourth EAGE WIPIC Workshop: Reservoir Management in Carbonates covering a wide range of topics related to carbonate reservoirs including reservoir characterization, production optimization, CO2 sequestration, drilling and enhanced recovery will also be added on EarthDoc. This event is a follow-up to the very successful workshop held in November 2019 in Doha, Qatar.

In addition, a new issue of Geophysical Prospecting journal will be uploaded onto the database.

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EAGE NEWS

New editor appointed for Petroleum Geoscience journal EAGE and GSL (the Geological Society of London), as joint publishers, are pleased to announce Prof Jonathan Redfern, chair of petroleum geoscience, University of Manchester, as the new chief editor of Petroleum Geoscience (PG). He takes over from Philip Ringrose, currently adjunct professor in CO2 Storage at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) and specialist in geoscience at Equinor’s Research Centre, Trondheim.

Sincerest of thanks goes to Philip Ringrose for all the tremendous work he has contributed to PG over the years.

Welcoming the new editor, Lucy Slater, chair of EAGE Oil and Gas Geoscience Division (OGGD), said: ‘On behalf of the OGGD I would like to congratulate and welcome Prof Redfern on his appointment to chief editor of PG. We look forward to working with him to support early publication of peer reviewed papers that enhance our knowledge and understanding of the subsurface.’ GSL’s representative added:

‘Prof Redfern is a previous contributor to PG and brings with him experience across both academic and industrial sectors, as well as previous experience of editing for journals and books. With an impressive applied research profile and knowledge of ongoing developments in the field, he will provide strong leadership for the journal.’

Prof Redfern has over 30 years of industry and academic experience. He obtained his PhD at Bristol University on the Sedimentology of the Glaciogenic Permo-Carboniferous Grant Group of the Canning Basin, Western Australia. Prior to joining academia, he worked for 12 years with international oil companies Fina and Amerada Hess in exploration and new ventures across Europe, SE Asia and North Africa. He joined the Basins Group at the University of Manchester, where he leads the North Africa Research Group, sponsored by a consortium of energy companies. Focusing on integrated fieldbased and subsurface research projects in

Prof Jonathan Redfern, new chief editor of Petroleum Geoscience.

close collaboration with local academics and governments, the group undertakes regional basin analysis, developing new data and models to help unlock hydrocarbon and renewable resources across Africa.

EAGE links with SBGf for Rio de Janeiro reservoir monitoring workshop Preparations are underway for the first joint workshop on reservoir monitoring between EAGE and Sociedade Brasileira de Geofísica (SBGf) on 21-22 November 2022 in Rio de Janeiro with a call for abstracts already announced. The workshop takes as its premise that in order to maximise recovery of hydrocarbons from a reservoir today’s reservoir management needs to involve a multi-disciplinary aproach throughout the life of an asset rather than a sequential one.

The workshop intends to gather experts from reservoir monitoring, field management, and associated technologies to present and discuss the value of information provided by monitoring, current practices in operating companies, success stories and failures, economic and practical blockers, and will try to bridge the too-often existing gap between these different disciplines by

An exploration drilling rig anchored in Guanabara Bay, part of the Santos Basin.

demonstrating how they all fit together as a whole in the context of reservoir management.

Further to this broad multi-disciplinary endeavor, we hope to familiarize the audience with technologies that are critical to reservoir monitoring, from the well-centric scale to the larger reservoir scale, including in-well surveillance, 4D seismic monitoring, geomechanics, and data assimilation, both presently deployed and emerging new trends.

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One of the aims of the workshop is to prioritize a list of topics that could be used to define a follow-up workshop along the topics of greatest interest. Since any future event is expected to take place in the Brazilian offshore context, we expect to focus the event on deep-water reservoir monitoring.

We would like to encourage you to submit your abstracts for oral presentations on the following topics: reservoir monitoring in today businesswise, from well-centric to field scale monitoring, integration of monitoring information, and the role of reservoir monitoring in the energy transition. Deadline is 25 July 2022. For submission details, please refer to the event on EAGE website.

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EAGE NEWS

AI Community website offers answers to frequently asked questions Two years from its inauguration, the EAGE Artificial Intelligence (AI) community is going strong, led by a multi-disciplinary team of geoscientists that have found their way to data science. Recent initiatives include a brand new advice segment on the AI community website to be released periodically throughout 2022 and a dedicated session planned for the EAGE Annual in June.

You can also now access a new feature interview on the EAGE website in which a group of experts reflect on the recent changes brought about by artificial intelligence and the role of geoscientists in the digital transformation. Among the questions addressed were: In which applications of AI had they seen successful outcomes? What lessons had they learned since introducing AI in their work? How do they advise preparing geoscientists for the adoption of AI? See below for responses to one question which challenged the group.

What things about AI surprise you most?

Felix Herrmann (SLIM Group, Georgia Tech): Compared to the applied geosciences, the field of machine learning innovates at a much faster rate. Availability of open source platforms, such as PyTorch and TensorFlow, have and continue to play a pivotal role in this. While we had an initial surge in productivity back in the Eighties with CWP’s open source Seismic Unix, the rate of innovations stifled when academic codes became more proprietary (with the exception of RSF). Perhaps not surpris-

ingly, the machine learning community has in the meantime been able to make enormous progress. What astonishes me is that our industry is only slowly reaching the conclusion that innovations actually happen more quickly when results and code are shared openly.

Cedric John (Imperial College London): There is a feeling of openness in data science and machine learning that is unrivalled in our field. Code and ideas are exchanged before papers are being published, something that would never happen in geochemistry or traditional earth sciences. Also, the field of data science is so new that we are still living in an era where no matter what your background is, you can become a full fledged data scientist. I am not sure how long this will last, and when a ‘data science’ degree will be required to be a data scientist.

Ashley Russell (Equinor): I have been surprised by the degree of connectivity and complexity that we have to handle when working with AI. It may seem like magic what the AI-forward companies do, e.g., Tesla, Apple, etc., but I have been shocked to learn how much time and technology and people and skills and needs are required to make that magic work.

Ali Karagul (TotalEnergies): The willingness of people to help each other.

Oleg Ovcharenko (KAUST): AI doesn’t work out of the box. It requires creative thinking to design a proper objective, data pipeline and training scenario, followed by stacking architectural bricks, tweaking hyperparameters and making it all work

with available datasets. Although obvious, I was surprised that for supervised learning the key challenge is often the creation of a representative dataset for training rather than building a network architecture. Another eye-opening insight from my experience has been that the industry cares about quality and robustness rather than how fast the inference is.

Ruslan Miftakhov (Geoplat AI): The fascinating thing about AI is the code you don’t write. Conventional software development is based on predefined scenarios with a chain of conditional statements (if, else, then, etc.). Scenarios can always be explained, and results can always be reproduced. In contrast, AI/ML development is based on statistical methods that learn directly from data. Scenarios can hardly be understood, and results are probabilistic.

The full interview is published at www.eage.org in the AI Special Interest Community section.

The EAGE Student Fund supports student activities that help students bridge the gap between university and professional environments. This is only possible with the support from the EAGE community. If you want to support the next generation of geoscientists and engineers, go to donate.eagestudentfund.org or simply scan the QR code.

Many thanks for your donation in advance!

D O N AT E T O DAY !

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PERSONAL RECORD INTERVIEW

Ivan Lehocki

Personal Record Interview

Reaching for the stars Croatian Ivan Lehocki is a research geoscientist in Norway who would rather be a space traveller. His life exploits so far include mountain climbing, long distance cycling, running exotic marathons and appearing in reality shows. Yet, to explore the universe remains his ultimate ambition.

How was upbringing in war-torn Croatia?

Tough times! My family and I were refugees for seven years. During that period, I saw combat planes and ships in action, spent many nights in moist basements while the ground was shaking (‘bombquakes’), learned that my village was devastated, and a few of my neighbours brutally murdered. On the bright side and irrespective of the poverty and hard conditions we lived in, I met children who now, 30 years later, are still some of my dearest friends!

Your education path?

After the classical gymnasium in Osijek, I moved to Budapest to obtain my Master’s degree in geophysics at Eötvös Loránd University. Before completing it, I fell in love with a girl from Zagreb, so I arranged to have student-guest status at the Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, for one semester. Some years later, I pursued a space-related education in Würzburg, Kiruna and Paris. I was awarded a double Master’s degree from Universities in Luleå and Toulouse in space sciences and astrophysics.

What’s the fascination with space?

From my youngest years, I have been in love with stars. That love has never vanished; it has only changed in intensity. There is so much to explore out there, more than enough knowledge to quench the thirst even amongst the thirstiest of us. Out there lie the answers to the fundamental questions of our existence.

Story of space travel ambitions/applications?

I’ve been ‘hearing’ a deep call to explore space since I was a little boy. So last year, I applied for an advertised European Space Agency’s astronaut vacancy. My application was rejected, but I’ll find another way. In Elon I trust! And sooner or later, the atoms we all are comprised of will have a fantastic journey through our galaxy before they land into the ultimate information eraser called the black hole.

Your current work?

Together with my colleagues, I have just started a company in Oslo called Dig Technology. Our main goal is to build a tool for 3D subsurface modelling of multi-scenario rock physics and AVO signatures away from well control. I am truly honoured that one of the co-founders is Dr Per Avseth. His name shines in the world of rock physics as being one of the principal architects of the bridge connecting fields of geology and geophysics.

What about all those exploits?

It all began in 2012 with cycling around 2200 km from Norway to Croatia with two friends. There have been a few memorable 5000+ m climbs: Kilimanjaro (twice), Elbrus (unforgiving winter climb), volcanic Damavand, and Larke Pass (part of Manaslu trekking). In addition, I have participated in five marathons, the first of which I ran in Bucharest. Ten days before the event, it didn’t even cross my mind I would ever run a marathon. All that changed when a friend called me. So after a couple of training runs, I finished in under five hours.

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Since then, I have run marathons in Hamburg and Athens, as well as two more exotic events, namely, the Great Wall of China marathon and the Polar Bear Challenge in Greenland (a marathon followed by a half-marathon the next day).

In 2015, I walked approximately 1000 km from Switzerland to Croatia in 26 days.

The scorching sun made that challenge particularly difficult. Then in 2018, I sailed with my friends from my hometown Osijek to Danube delta, a trip that took three weeks in a ‘Fat Beaver’ boat.

What inspires your adventures?

Desire to explore and experience our beautiful world in as many aspects as possible. Also, the realization that by doing new things, I naturally stimulate my brain to increase the sampling rate of events, thus effortlessly creating long-lasting memories. These do not shrink, even after decades have flown by.

You really did Big Brother?

I deny everything! Actually, not only did I participate in Croatia Big Brother in the middle of a Thai jungle (full of free-roaming venomous snakes), but I also participated in The Farm. The essence of the show was to live like early 20th century peasants (thus deprived of all luxuries of modern life). We grew our food, made our bread, milked the cows, and sold products on the market that we were diligently producing with archaic tools.

What’s next?

Walking the Te Araroa trail in New Zealand. I think it is time once again to ‘slow down’ the accelerating currents of time.

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• Learning formats and titles • Categories and sub-categories • Months • Instructors

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8 April Third EAGE Workshop on HPC in Americas 10 April Second EAGE Conference on Renewable Energy in the Middle East & Africa 25 April Near Surface Geoscience Conference & Exhibition 2022 30 April EAGE Asia Pacific Workshop on CO2 Geological Storage 30 April 2nd EAGE/SEG Workshop on Geophysical Aspects of Smart Cities

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St. Petersburg Conference 2022

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2 April Third EAGE Marine Acquisition Workshop

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First EAGE Workshop on Gas Exploration in Latin America 28-29 APRIL • ONLINE

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CROSSTALK

BY AN D R E W M c BAR N E T

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Hydrogen is generating a reaction Lucky are those who can happily drop into conversation such According to Science Direct ‘hydrogen, as a clean energy concepts as non-fungible tokens, digital twins, or cryptic lineages carrier for heat and electricity, has many appealing characteristics, and know what they are talking about. There is now a danger that including a large storage capacity, high energy conversion, cleanthe spectrum of half a dozen or more colours used to characterise liness and environmental friendliness, renewable production, vast hydrogen power’s alternative energy credentials, real or potential, specific energy, zero emissions, wide sources, reliability, and easy storage and regeneration.’ are in danger of falling into this category of obtuseness. For example, hands up those who know what turquoise hydrogen is.

So what’s been taking so long? The simple answer is that up The good thing perhaps is that the hydrogen community has to now grey hydrogen has taken care of some 70% all the world already departed from the seven colours of the rainbow leaving use of hydrogen, confined principally to the refining and petrothemselves plenty of scope for christening new processes for chemical sector. It is created from natural gas, or methane, using producing hydrogen. To date the hydrogen kaleidoscope includes steam methane reformation (SMR) with significant CO2 emisgreen, blue, grey, black, brown, pink, purple, turquoise and white. sions. Much of the remaining global hydrogen production By contrast, naming of the seemingly endless variants of the balance has been sourced from black coal or lignite (brown coal) Covid virus may soon hit the buffers: the medical world obvioususing the same basic process which is even more environmentally ly believed that the Greek alphabet would suffice. The looming unfriendly. In 2019 the IEA put the total emission count from hydrogen production at around 830 Mtpa of CO2. problem is that researchers have already got to Omicron having skipped all the letters from Delta to Omicron Hydrogen has multiple uses although most and so now only have a few usable letters left. people probably only know about the limited ‘Confusion over use of hydrogen fuel cells to power cars and Any confusion over the hydrogen colour chart is by no means as frivolous as it may hydrogen colour is by buses and maybe are aware of the unfortunate seem. A paper prepared for the World Energy fate of the Hindenburg hydrogen-filled airship no means frivolous’ Council, in collaboration with Electric Power in 1937. In fact hydrogen is mainly produced Research Institute and PwC, calls for more in situ, i.e. not yet seriously transportable. In dialogue warning that ‘colour has been used to simplify the the chemical industry it is used to make ammonia for agricultural conversation about the carbon footprint of hydrogen production, fertiliser (the Haber process) and cyclohexane and methanol, but it has become more complex with no universally agreed which are intermediates in the production of plastics and pharmacolours for specific technologies and some disagreement as to ceuticals. It is also used to remove sulphur from fuels during the which colour matches which supply.’ oil-refining process; to hydrogenate oils to form fats, for example That this confusion should arise at all is especially ironic to make margarine; in the glass industry as a protective atmosgiven that hydrogen itself is an invisible gas, and should it phere for making flat glass sheets; in the electronics industry as achieve more familiar everyday usage will probably have to be a flushing gas during the manufacture of silicon chips, etc, etc. accorded a distinctive coloured flame like the blue flame on a These days the goal of course is to harness hydrogen withkitchen gas stove. More importantly, the debate about hydrogen out the impact on the atmosphere. Blue hydrogen derived from production nomenclature is emblematic of the slow development natural gas through the process of steam methane reforming of what arguably should be one of the key sources of energy with (SMR) has provided a partial solution. SMR mixes natural the potential to save the planet. gas with very hot steam, in the presence of a catalyst, where

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CROSSTALK

a chemical reaction creates hydrogen and carbon monoxide. improved at a 12% learning rate, photovoltaic technology (solar) Additional water is added to the mixture converting the carbon 24% and the expectation for electrolyser learning rate is 18%.

Alverà is of course an unashamed advocate for hydrogen monoxide to carbon dioxide and creating more hydrogen. The carbon dioxide emissions produced are then captured and stored as a major contributor to climate change mitigation. However, underground using carbon capture, utilisation and storage there is growing evidence that industry and investors are beginning to see things his way.

(CCUS) technology leaving nearly pure hydrogen. Believed to be the largest project of its kind, plans have been announced to The July 2021 updated Hydrogen Insights report prepared develop a blue energy complex worth $4.5 billion in Louisiana,

by McKinsey & Co for the Hydrogen Council identified 359 hydrogen projects underway worldwide with evidence of USA. It is expected to produce more than 750 million standard many other projects in early development. More than 80% of ft3/d of blue hydrogen. A portion of the blue hydrogen will be new projects are located in Europe. McKinsey estimates that compressed and supplied to production facilities. In Louisiana the total associated investment in hydrogen through 2030 will and Texas via a hydrogen pipeline network. Around 95% of amount to $500 billion, based on $130 billion investment directly the CO2 generated at the facility – expected to be operational associated with the announced projects, $120 billion needed to in 2026 – will be captured, compressed and transported by reach government targets, and $250 billion implied investment pipeline to multiple inland sequestration sites, with more than from OEMs and suppliers. Seventy per cent of the announced five million metric tonnes per year of CO2 permanently stored. production capacity comes from renewable energy sources, while The attraction of blue hydrogen is the cost of production. The the other 30% is low-carbon hydrogen generated by fossil fuels raw material is natural gas (and can be in abundant supply), and combined with CCS. the CCS technology is proven. But it is still Numerous recent studies argue that the reliant on fossil fuels. This is why all the focus ‘Most intriguing of all pivot to hydrogen will require government is turning towards green hydrogen, made by is white hydrogen’ support and incentives. This is beginning using clean electricity from surplus renewable to happen. In 2020, ten governments energy sources, such as solar or wind power, (Canada, Chile, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Norto electrolyse water. The electrolysers use an electrochemical way, Portugal, Russia, Spain and the European Union) had reaction to split water into its components of hydrogen and adopted hydrogen strategies. As of September 2021, Czech oxygen, emitting zero-carbon dioxide in the process.

Republic, Colombia, Hungary and the UK) had joined the club In his highly readable The Hydrogen Revolution: A blueprint so to speak. In addition, Poland and Italy have released stratefor the future of clean energy (a Financial Times Book of the gies for public consultation and more than 20 other countries Year in 2021) Marco Alverà agues that hydrogen is stuck in the have announced they are actively developing theirs, notably chicken and egg predicament where supply is awaiting demand Australia, Saudi Arabia and Chile. and vice versa. ‘If hydrogen is to realise its full potential it Meantime back to the colours. Pink hydrogen is generated needs to be ample, cheap, easy to transport, store and distribute through electrolysis powered by nuclear energy, sometimes – and we also need plenty of hydrogen trains, trucks, steel mills referred to as purple hydrogen or red hydrogen. Yellow and boilers that can make the most of its precious energy … hydrogen is said to mean hydrogen made through electrolysis To break out of this, hydrogen must become cheap enough to using solar power, and then there is turquoise hydrogen, compete with fossil fuels, at least in some applications.’ That requiring a yet to be proven process called methane pyrolysis clearly is a big ask. However, Alverà, CEO of the Italian energy to produce hydrogen and solid carbon, which can either be infrastructure company Snam, is convinced that the prospects of permanently stored or used. hydrogen can and will be transformed into reality by focusing Most intriguing of all is white hydrogen – natural or on bringing down the cost of production and distribution of native are other names. This is naturally-occurring geological green hydrogen. hydrogen found in underground deposits which may have According to Alverà, green hydrogen from electrolysis costs been overlooked in the past and could prove transformational. about $5/kg ($125MWh) in areas of the world where renewables In Earth Science Reviews (April 2020) Viacheslav Zgonnik (wind and solar) are abundant. Blue hydrogen comes in at $2.5/ concludes that hydrogen of geologic origin has the potential to kg ($60/MWh), while highly polluting grey hydrogen is cheapest become the renewable energy source of the future. His company at $2/kg ($50/MWh). Alverà believes the tipping point will Natural Hydrogen Energy claims that its 2019 well was the first be around $2/kg but realises that the cost and availability of throughout all of the Americas to purposely drill for natural renewable power and electrolysis remain a major investment hydrogen. deterrent along with the need for infrastructure to make hydrogen Hopefully consideration of white hydrogen’s potential is not available. He puts some faith in the learning rate that posits that just hot air. as production scales up, so costs come down. Wind turbines have

Views expressed in Crosstalk are solely those of the author, who can be contacted at andrew@andrewmcbarnet.com.

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CGG plans 3D North Sea survey

Shearwater announces three big R&D agreements to develop its seismic data

Massimo Virgilio, CTO of Shearwater GeoServices.

Shearwater Geoservices has announced three more geoscience technology collaborations to develop seismic data.

First it has signed a technology sale and transfer agreement with ConocoPhillips, involving seismic imaging technology that will be implemented in Shearwater’s Reveal software.

Second, Shearwater GeoServices and Equinor are extending their technology collaboration to include Var Energi and Lundin Energy. The project aims at commercialising a sustainable marine vibratory source technology to minimize environmental footprint and enhance data quality from seismic data acquisition.

Third, Shearwater has struck an agreement with Petrobras, under which the

Brazilian energy giant will license its Reveal geophysical software.

As part of the first agreement, Shearwater will incorporate ConocoPhillips’ Compressive Seismic Imaging, and other imaging-related algorithms into Reveal.

CSI enables geoscientists to reconstruct more accurate and higher-quality seismic images with less data, and has enabled ConocoPhillips to improve decision quality, reduce cost and improve efficiency when exploring new areas.

Simon Telfer, SVP seismic processing and imaging at Shearwater, said: ‘Partnering with clients on technology is a key element of our strategy, enabling them to increase value-add from their core activities by leveraging the Reveal seismic platform.’

As part of the collaboration, ConocoPhillips will use Shearwater’s Reveal seismic processing and imaging software while Shearwater has committed to supporting future development and use of the CSI technology, and to provide ConocoPhillips with potential future seismic acquisition design and imaging services. The agreement also involves high-performance computing infrastructure with more than 4500 compute nodes and 50 Petabytes of storage, which will be deployed throughout Shearwater’s seismic acquisition fleet.

CSI uses algorithms to optimize the process of selecting nonuniform data colFIRST

lection points instead of the traditional method of using uniform sampling, which involves collecting data on a regular grid.

It enables geoscientists to reconstruct higher-quality, more-accurate images with less data.

Shearwater Reveal provides time and depth processing and imaging for both land and marine environments from within a single user interface. Shearwater uses Reveal internally for all processing projects, ensuring continuous development. The software is licensed to oil and gas companies, contractors, consultants and is used by academia for both teaching and research.

Meanwhile, Shearwater GeoServices and Equinor are extending their technology collaboration to include Var Energi and Lundin Energy. The marine vibratory source project builds on the existing technology cooperation between Shearwater, Equinor and the Norwegian Research Council. Vår Energi and Lundin will add funding the multi-year development.

‘The joint ambition is to acquire better-quality seismic data, faster and with low sound energy by harvesting the untapped potential of marine vibratory sources,’ said Massimo Virgilio, CTO of Shearwater GeoServices. ‘We are investing in this technology as a solution for the energy transition enabling monitoring of carbon storage and efficient exploration and production of energy.’

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Geophysical subsurface imaging uses sound energy to generate reflections from geological formations below the ocean floor. By selecting only the necessary sound frequencies and emitting gradually over time and space, marine vibroseis potentially allows optimal signal strength and direction towards subsurface targets, enabling surveys to be shortened in duration and with low sound emissions.

This technology allows tuning of the signal direction and also the combination of several vibroseis sources to reduce the time a survey takes to acquire, ‘in other words, acquiring a seismic survey faster and more efficiently.’ said Shearwater. The new source may also be used in environmentally restricted areas, where the reduced sound emission levels are favoured.’

Nick Ashton, Equinor VP subsurface solutions technology development, said: ‘Equinor has supported this development for several years already, as we believe this new source technology has potential to reduce the environmental impact of marine seismic surveys further and to increase survey efficiency. With better control of the frequency, phase and amplitude of the emitted signal, the new source should also provide an improvement in data quality.’

R&D manager Gjertrud Halset at Vår Energi said: ‘This project fits our R&D strategy and falls into the top-priority technology gaps and challenges we have identified. Replacing traditional technology would revolutionize the seismic survey process and strengthen our sustainability performance.’

Finally, Shearwater has announced a big licensing contract for its Reveal geophysical software with Petrobras.

The agreement includes the provision of associated training and support services.

Petrobras’ geophysical processing team will have access to a range of geophysical processing tools, including time, depth, multicomponent, time-lapse 4D processing and advanced imaging offered by Reveal software.

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Global oil and gas spending set for big rise this year Global oil and gas investments will expand by $26 billion this year as the industry continues its recovery from the worst of the pandemic and the hurdles imposed by the Omicron variant, according to research from Rystad Energy.

Rystad projects overall oil and gas investments will rise by 4% to $628 billion this year from $602 billion in 2021.

A significant factor behind the increase is a 14% increase in upstream gas and LNG investments. These segments will be the fastest-growing this year, with a jump in investments from $131 billion in 2021 to around $149 billion in 2022. Although this falls short of pre-pandemic totals, investments in the sector are expected to surpass 2019 levels of $168 billion in just two years, reaching $171 billion in 2024.

Upstream oil investments are projected to rise from $287 billion in 2021 to $307 billion this year, a 7% increase, while midstream and downstream investments will fall by 6.7% to $172 billion this year.

‘The spread of the Omicron variant will lead to restrictions on movement in the first quarter of 2022, capping energy demand and recovery in the major crude-consuming sectors of road transport and aviation,’ said Audun Martinsen, head of energy service research at Rystad Energy. ‘But the outlook for the global oil and gas market is promising.’

Global shale investments are forecast to surge 18% in 2022, reaching $102 billion in 2022 compared with $86 billion in 2021. Offshore investments are set to increase 7%, from $145 billion to $155 billion, while conventional onshore will jump 8%, from $261 billion to $290 billion.

Australia is likely to see a jump in investments of 33%, thanks to greenfield gas developments. In the Middle East, investments will rise by an anticipated 22% this year as Saudi Arabia boosts its oil export capacity and Qatar expands production and export capacity of liquefied natural gas (LNG).

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projects sanctioned in 2021, up from $80 billion in 2020. Sanctioning in 2022 will closely match 2021 levels, with similar project spending to be unleashed over the short to medium term.

Sanctioning activity is set to rebound in North America, with more than $40 billion worth of projects in 2022. Six LNG projects are expected to receive the green light, five in the US and one in Canada. Offshore projects will also provide ample opportunities for contractors as TotalEnergies’ North Platte project enters the final stage of its tender process and LLOG Exploration’s Leon and Chevron’s Ballymore developments in the US Gulf of Mexico look to proceed to the development phase in 2022. For Africa, however, 2022 is expected to be another quiet year with expected sanctioned projects worth a comparatively small $5 billion.

When it comes to offshore field sanctioning, there are around 80 projects worth a total of $85 billion in the global approvals pipeline for 2022. Of these, 10 are floating production storage and offloading units (FPSO), 45 involve subsea tiebacks, and 35 are grounded platforms. Latin America and Europe will be responsible for around 24% each of the total offshore sanctioning values next year, with deepwater expansions expected in Guyana, Brazil and Norway following recent tax changes.

The number of sanctioned offshore projects is expected to rise year-overyear but will remain little changed when measured by capital commitments. An outstanding concern for 2022 is execution challenges related to the pandemic and increased inflationary costs for steel and other input factors, said Rystad.

Spending in the offshore wind sector reached almost $50 billion last year, double the 2019 levels. By 2025, Rystad expect offshore wind investments to rise to $70 billion. By contrast, the offshore oil and gas sector is set to face a challenging energy transition period with oil demand likely to peak in the next five years, capping offshore investment at about $180 billion in 2025.

INDUSTRY NEWS

TGS reprocesses data in the East Java Sea TGS has launched a big data reprocessing project in the East Java Sea that will improve exploration insights across the South Makassar and North East Java regions.

The East Java Sea 2D-cubed project will utilize 2D-cubed technology to integrate all existing seismic data across a 270,000 km2 area to create a one-stop tool for regional evaluation.

The dataset will combine more than 120,000 km of 2D seismic data from more than 80 legacy surveys into a single exploration tool and create a well data package comprising 88 wells. The final multi-client product, supported by Ditjen Migas, Pusdatin ESDM, SKK Migas and Pertamina, will comprise a single conformable seismic volume will allow customers to develop structural and geological models in their pre-study evaluation process, said TGS. This project covers significant acreage in the 2nd 2021 Indonesian Licensing round, including the Agung-I and AgungII blocks. Early project deliverables are expected from Q2 2022.

2D-cubed is a proprietary technology from TGS that generates a 3D seismic volume from a set of 2D lines. It uses an advanced structurally conformable interpolation algorithm to maximize the potential

of existing 2D multi-vintage and 3D data.

The resultant volume can be used for both regional interpretation and the optimization

offshore Sakhalin, Russia, and throughout the Norwegian and UK North Seas.

Kristian Johansen, CEO at TGS, said:

Map showing coverage of the TGS East Java Sea 2D-cubed project.

of subsequent 3D and 2D survey designs.

TGS has undertaken similar large-scale projects in other Asia Pacific basins in places such as Timor-Leste and Australia.

This technology has also been applied

‘This regional product will enable exploration companies to efficiently assess hydrocarbon prospectivity and initiate studies on vast volumes of data in unprecedented timeframes.’

PGS and ION integrate Trinidad datasets PGS and ION Geophysical have integrated datasets in Trinidad and Tobago ahead of the country’s deepwater licensing round later this year.

Integration of PGS and ION seismic datasets in Trinidad and Tobago aims at

PGS/ION data packages for Trinidad & Tobago 2020 licensing opportunities.

giving energy companies regional correlation of key data points across the area.

‘The complex geology of the region is becoming increasingly important to understand as petroleum play types evolve with continued exploration successes,’ said PGS. Six individual MC2D data packages are available targeting areas relevant for the Trinidad & Tobago round.

The first package is nearly 1966 km of long-offset broadband 2D data in the deepwater Atlantic area.

The second package is 2352 km of high-resolution 2D seismic data in the Patao High area.

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The third package is 2448 km of long offset broadband data in the Western Tobago Sub-Basin.

The fourth package is CaribeSPAN, approx. 700 km of long offset PSDM seismic data, supplemented by 5200 km of deeply imaged reprocessed data on a tight 4 km grid in the Trinidad Regional Line The fifth package is 4900 km of reprocessed, vintage data located over the ultradeep area east of Trinidad at Darien Ridge.

The sixth package is the reprocessing of the Caramaba area.

Trinidad and Tobago has set a deadline of 2 June for offers in its deepwater open bid round.

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Invictus receives seismic data for Zimbabwe project Invictus Energy has received post-stack migration seismic data for its 2D seismic survey at its Cabora Bassa project in Zimbabwe.

The company has received all hydrocarbon post-stack migrations of the CB21 survey data as well as the data from the reprocessing of $30 million legacy Mobil dataset. The delivery of the final comprehensive data set (pre-stack time migrated sections) was scheduled for early February 2022.

Wireless node technology used by Canadian seismic contractor Polaris allowed Invictus to lay parallel listening lines to the seismic lines being recorded at the time of survey. This swath recording technique provides a virtual 3D image of the deeper structures within the survey area.

Quality control of the post-stack migration data has been completed and is already showing significant improvements in the overall seismic data quality,

said Invictus. The CB21 Survey data has provided evidence of multiple trap geometry configurations which provides a target rich hydrocarbon environment for the upcoming drilling campaign. As

well as improved structural clarity of faults, there are multiple anomalies of interest that have been observed across the Muzurabani prospect.

These multiple anomalies are observed both across faults within the structure and at multiple levels under the prospect. Many additional seismic anomalies are also observed along the Basin Margin fault.

‘These will be subject to close scrutiny when additional products are delivered, which will be key for the analysis of the seismic amplitudes associated with these anomalies,’ said Invictus.

‘Seismic anomalies are difficult to calibrate in undrilled frontier areas as they could be lithological changes, processing challenges, geometric or velocity focusing. However, they can often be indicators for the presence of trapped hydrocarbons. The delineation will guide the optimal well locations for the drilling campaign.’

CGG expects higher revenues for fourth quarter 2021 CGG anticipates Q4 2021 segment revenue at around $301 million, up 15% sequentially and up 12% year-on-year.

Geoscience segment revenue is expected to be around $93 million, up 37% sequentially and up 50% year-onyear.

Multi-client segment sales are expected to be around $114 million,

up 24% sequentially and up 12% yearon-year. After-sales are expected to be around $55 million.

Equipment segment sales are expected to be around $94 million, down 7% sequentially and down 11% year-on-year.

CGG anticipates full year 2021 segment revenue at around $941 million.

A deal with Framena Investment and

Anacap for the sale and lease back of its headquarters, the Galileo building in Massy, France, is expected to be completed in the first half of the year.

CGG anticipates year-end 2021 net debt to be around $865 million. Group liquidity at the end of December 2021 is expected to be around $320 million excluding $100 million undrawn RCF.

TGS expects Q4 revenues of $119 million TGS expects net segment revenues for the fourth quarter of 2021 to be approx. $119 million, compared to $120 million in Q4 2020. Net IFRS revenues are expected to be approx. $105 million, compared to $143 million in Q4 2020.

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Kristian Johansen, CEO at TGS, said: ‘We experienced a stronger than normal seasonal uptick in sales in Q4, mainly driven by a solid performance by the US Gulf of Mexico portfolio. Together with the improved order inflow seen over

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the past few months, this serves as an indication of a slowly improving market.

Cash flow amounted to approximately $44 million in the quarter, resulting in a cash balance of approximately $215 million at year-end’.

INDUSTRY NEWS

PGS adds more than 18,700 m2 of seismic data offshore Egypt PGS has added five 3D seismic surveys to its data library offshore Egypt, to create new broadband 3D coverage of more than 18,700 km2 in recently awarded nearshore blocks. Time-migrated data is available, while final depth data will be ready in May 2022.

The five surveys were acquired in 2021 by PGS, in collaboration with EGAS, as part of an extensive 3D GeoStreamer data acquisition and imaging campaign in the Herodotus Basin, Egypt’s West Mediterranean Sea area.

The 3D data provides detailed insights into opportunities that complement the regional geology and structural foundation provided by multi-client 2D seismic data available for this region. This enables operators to identify prospects that are best aligned with their exploration goals.

The surveys cover several different geological domains. These include the shelf area, which is likely to rank highly as

a focus for initial targets as it is an extension of the onshore western desert plays.

Farther into the basin, there is the potential for shelf-edge structures and carbonate build-ups, some of which are sealed by Messinian evaporites. In the deeper water areas, plays relating to pre-Messinian salt structures and pinch-out features against the shelf edge are likely to be a focus for exploration. The variety of play types available and water depths will appeal to different company risk profiles, claimed PGS. Meanwhile, PGS has won a 4D contract in the Gulf of Mexico. A Ramform Titan-class vessel is scheduled to commence acquisition in late February and complete the project in late March.

‘We are very pleased with this 4D contract award in the US Gulf of Mexico, which historically has been a multi-client market,’ said PGS president and CEO, Rune Olav Pedersen.

Distributed Acoustic Sensing:

A SHIFT IN SEISMIC SENSING High resolution subsea seismic data recording with standard optical fibre OptoDAS interrogator provides: • dense spatial sampling (in-well and seabed) • very low noise (even with long lead-in fibres)

UK Oil and Gas completes 2D seismic survey offshore Turkey UK Oil and Gas has completed a 2D seismic survey of the proposed Basur3 mechanical sidetrack (B-3S) area in Turkey. Drilling of B-3S is scheduled to commence after interpretation of fasttrack seismic processing results, currently expected within the first quarter of 2022.

Together with its 50% partner and operator, Aladdin Middle East Ltd (AME), the company has prioritised 55 km of fasttrack acquisition and processing to better define and optimize the B-3S drilling trajectory, plus a proposed Resan-6 drilling location. Data processing of the first phase

by BGP in Abu Dhabi is underway.

Whilst the planned remainder of the survey, totalling up to a further six lines, will be important for the purposes of better defining the subsurface picture of the wider Basur-Resan geological structure and licence area, they are not envisaged to have a bearing on B-3S or Resan-6 drilling plans or operations. On this basis, FIRST

this second phase of seismic acquisition has thus been paused whilst focus and resources are directed firmly towards drilling and the establishment of an inaugural producing well on the licence.

B-3S is located within the north-western structural culmination of the 60 km² Basur-Resan geological anticline, with a surface location approximately 1.2 km north of the 1964 Basur-1 oil discovery well. UKOG holds a 50% non-operated interest in B-3 and the surrounding 305 km² Resan M47-b1, b2 licence.

Stephen Sanderson, UKOG’s chief executive said: ‘Concluding the first tranche of our seismic programme, specifically geared to optimise the drilling trajectories of both the B-3S and Resan-6 appraisal wells, marks an important milestone for our Turkish assets. We look forward to the receipt of new processed data and the resultant recommencement of drilling operations.’

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See more at: asn.com /activities /fiber sensing

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Norway offers 53 licences in predefined areas A raft of geoscience-related studies will be carried out after Norway offered 53 production licences on the Norwegian Continental Shelf in the licensing round Awards in Predefined Areas 2021.

Equinor won interests in 26 licences, 12 as operator and Aker BP won interests in 15 licences, seven as operator. Lundin won interests in 10 licences with five as operator, while Var Energi also won interests in 10 licences with five as operator. DNO won interests in 10 licences with three as operator. Winterhsall DEA won interests in seven licences, four as operator. Spirit Energy won interests in seven licences.

OKEA won interests in four licences, three as operator and Wellesley won interests in three licences, one as operator.

Norwegian plaform in the North Sea.

The 53 production licenses offered in this year’s round of the most mature areas of the Norwegian Continental Shelf are distributed over the North Sea (28), the Norwegian Sea (20) and the Barents Sea (5). A total of 28 different oil companies are offered shares. Fifteen companies are offered one or more operatorships.

The licensing round was announced on 9 June with the application deadline 8 September 2021. Applications from 31 companies were received.

Norwegian Sea The awards come with big geoscience-related work commitments. In the Norwegian Sea, on 263 G Equinor, Pandion and ONE-Dyas will carry out G&G studies; at 091F Equinor and Var will carry out G&G studies; at 941 Aker BP and PGNiG 30

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will carry out G&G studies; at 1154 Vår Energi, Aker BP and TotalEnergies will acquire and reprocess 2D seismic data and carry out G&G studies; at 1155 Wintershall Dea, Petoro, Equinor and Chrysaor will acquire and reprocess 3D seismic, and carry out G&G studies; at 1156 OKEA, M Vest Energy and Equinor will acquire 3D seismic data and carry out EM feasibility and G&G studies; at 1157 Lundin and Equinor will reprocess 3D seismic data and carry out G&G studies; at 1158 Aker BP, DNO and Spirit Energy will acquire modern 3D seismic data and carry out G&G studies; at 1159 OKEA and Equinor will acquire 3D seismic data and carry out G&G studies; at 1160 DNO and Spirit Energy will acquire 3D seismic data and carry out G&G studies; at 1161 OKEA and M Vest Energy will carry out G&G studies; at 1162 Lundin, Petoro and Chrysaor will acquire and reprocess modern 3D seismic and carry out G&G studies; at 1163 ConocoPhillips, Aker BP, Equinor Energy and Vår Energi will reprocess 3D seismic data and carry out G&G studies; at 1164 Lundin, OMV and Chrysaor will acquire and reprocess modern 3D seismic and carry out G&G studies; at 1165 Equinor and Aker BP will acquire and reprocess 3D seismic data and carry out G&G studies; at 1166 ConocoPhillips and Pandion Energy will carry out G&G studies; and at 1167 Equinor and Wintershall Dea will carry out G&G studies and on decision reprocess 3D seismic data before drilling reprocess 3D seismic data and carry out G&G studies.

North Sea In the North Sea, at 878 C Equinor, Wellesley Petroleum and Source Energy will carry out G&G studies; at 882 B Neptune, Idemitsu Petroleum, Petrolia NOCO and Concedo will carry out G&G studies; at 923 B Equinor, Petoro, Wellesley Petroleum and DNO will carry out G&G studies; at 1100 B OMV, Source Energy and Wintershall Dea will carry out G&G studies; at 1135 PGNiG and LOTOS will carry out G&G studies; at 1136 PGNiG and Equinor will carry out G&G studies; at 1137 Equinor and KUFPEC will reprocess 3D seismic data and carry out G&G studies; at 1138 Chrysaor, Sval Energi

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and Lundin will reprocess 3D seismic data and carry out G&G studies; at 1139 Lundin, Pandion Energy, Vår Energi and Sval Energi will reprocess 3D seismic data and carry out G&G studies; at 1140 Equinor and Aker BP will acquire and reprocess modern 3D seismic and G&G studies (ocean bottom node seismic); at 1142 Aker BP LOTOS and Lundin will reprocess 3D seismic data and carry out G&G studies; at 1143 Aker BP LOTOS and Lundin will reprocess 3D seismic data and G&G studies; at 1144 Aker BP, LOTOS and Equinor will reprocess 3D seismic, and carry out an EM feasibility study and G&G studies; at 1145 DNO and Aker BP will acquire 3D seismic and carry out G&G studies; at 1146 ConocoPhillips and DNO will carry out G&G studies and an EM feasibility study; at 1147 Spirit Energy, DNO, Equinor and Lundin Energy will carry out an EM feasibility study, reprocess 3D seismic (including a feasibility study for co-processing of modern 3D seismic with legacy 3D seismic and evaluate acquisition of new azimuth data), carry out G&G studies. On decision, it will acquire CSEM data or acquire new CSEM data or acquire new CSEM data and carry out G&G studies; at 1149 Wintershall Dea, Aker BP and ONEDyas will acquire and/or reprocess 3D seismic data and carry out G&G studies; at 1150 S Spirit Energy, Petrolia NOCO and OKEA will acquire and/or reprocess modern 3D seismic and G&G studies; at 1151 Wintershall Dea, Aker BP, DNO and ONE-Dyas will reprocess 3D seismic and carry out G&G studies; at 1152 Equinor and Lundin will acquire and reprocess 3D seismic and carry out G&G studies; and at 1153 Aker BP, Idemitsu and Wintershall Dea will reprocess 3D seismic data and carry out G&G studies.

Barents Sea In the Barents Sea at 229 H Equinor and Var will carry out G&G studies; at 1168 Var Energi and Concedo will carry out G&G studies; at 1169 Equinor, Petoro and Vår Energi will carry out G&G studies; and at 1170 Lundin, Idemitsu, Petoro and Equinor will acquire 3D seismic data, acquire EM data and carry out G&G studies (high-resolution seismic).

INDUSTRY NEWS

CCG joins Canadian CCUS research programme CGG has joined a CCUS research programme offered by Carbon Management Canada (CMC), a national, not-for-profit leader in developing and implementing technologies that capture, utilize, store and monitor greenhouse gases.

Surface installations at the CMC field research station.

‘The programme aims to evaluate the suitability of a range of monitoring technologies to detect and track the movement of CO2 stored in underground geological reservoirs,’ said Don Lawton, CMC’s Director of Science. ‘Our experience will add to CGG’s expertise and knowledge in reservoir modelling, engineering, monitoring and geoscience technologies.’

As part of its membership, CGG’s CCS and Energy Storage Group will have

access to extensive high-quality CCS monitoring data and information acquired at the CMC field research station located near Brooks, Alberta as well as first access to research results from CMC’s experts, researchers from the University of Calgary and other academia partners.

CGG will also collaborate with other partners and be able to prove the monitoring capabilities of its advanced integrated geoscience workflows and its Sercel sensors, acquisition and monitoring solutions.

Dave Priestley, VP, energy transition and environment, CGG, said: ‘With more than 15 years of experience in CCUS projects, CGG has a strong track record of helping operators evaluate and mitigate risk. Our support of the JIP programme, an important research-led initiative, underlines our commitment to collaborating with industry, governments and academia to share knowledge and advance the performance of CCUS monitoring technologies. Having access to the FRS monitoring data and information will also enable our CCS and Energy Storage group, with expertise in storage evaluation, reservoir modelling, engineering, instrumentation and monitoring, to build on our proprietary technology and workflows to bring the best subsurface insight and CCUS monitoring strategies.’

De-Risk Investment Opportunities with Suriname 3D The Suriname 3D project will be instrumental in revealing future prospectivity in this underexplored area.

TGS starts survey offshore Indonesia TGS has started a broadband 2D regional seismic data reprocessing project covering the offshore Natuna Basin, Indonesia.

The project encompasses both West and East Natuna, tying key wells to create a new regional framework, including coverage of Natuna D Alpha, the largest undeveloped gas field in Southeast Asia, and the Paus block in the current Indonesia Petroleum Bid Round 2021.

More than 6500 km of relevant regional 2D field data will be reprocessed in a sequence comprising Pre-Stack Time Migration and Pre-Stack Depth Migration with FWI, allowing customers to develop

structural and geological models in their pre-study evaluation process.

This project is complemented by TGS’ adjacent multi-client activity offshore Malaysia.

Kristian Johansen, CEO at TGS, said: ‘Through the Natuna 2D reprocessing project, the exploration industry will greatly benefit from access to a modern reprocessed seismic data framework with a regional overview designed to help reinvigorate exploration across the offshore Natuna Basin.’

Data is expected to be available in late Q4 2022.

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INDUSTRY NEWS

CGG plans third phase of 3D survey in Northern North Sea CGG has announced phase three of its dual-azimuth multi-client 3D survey in the Northern North Sea that will be conducted

by Shearwater GeoServices. Starting in early May 2022 and continuing throughout the North Sea season, phase three will expand on phases one and two of the programme conducted in 2020 and 2021. Initial data from the phase three acquisition are expected to be available in early 2023, and final processed data in early 2024. The multi-year survey adds a second azimuth over CGG’s existing Northern Viking Graben (NVG) multi-client 3D survey and extends coverage into the UKCS. Sophie Zurquiyah, CEO, CGG, said: ‘CGG continues to follow its strategic path of expanding and enhancing its data library in mature regions. This expansion draws on CGG’s extensive understanding of the Northern Viking Graben and builds

on our 47,000 km2 of existing coverage in the Northern North Sea. The larger enhanced NVG survey will further de-risk existing fields, discoveries, near-field potential and future carbon storage sites.’

The 2022 phase three acquisition will add approximately 9000 km2 of new data in an east-west direction. Similar to the phase one and phase two acquisitions, multi-component technology will be used for the acquisition, and this new data will be processed together with the existing north-south data, using CGG’s latest velocity modelling and imaging technology, to produce a dual-azimuth volume.

‘The additional azimuth has enabled CGG’s advanced proprietary imaging to address and improve the images of the multi-directional fault patterns prevalent in the region,’ said CGG. ‘The resulting improved resolution will help resolve complex and marginal reservoir stratigraphy.’

Seismic vessel SW Amundsen.

The five-month project is expected to start in the second quarter of 2022 and will be conducted by the Shearwater vessel SW Amundsen. Irene Waage Basili, CEO of Shearwater, said: ‘Our partner has found diverse applications for its data library of the area, including for the insight it can bring to growing industries, such as carbon storage, demonstrating that seismic is an important contributor to the energy transition.’

Golden Software improves its Surfer mapping software Golden Software has enhanced map-making functionality and data exporting capabilities in the latest version of its Surfer surface 2D and 3D mapping package.

‘In this version, we focused on making it easier and faster for Surfer users to create the maps they envision without time-consuming workarounds or using other software,’ said Kari Dickenson, Surfer product manager. ’Surfer makes it easier to export data and grid files to a GIS or CAD package.’

The Surfer surface mapping software is used by more than 100,000 people worldwide, many involved in oil and gas exploration, environmental consulting, mining, engineering, and geospatial projects to visualize and interpret complex data sets.

Enhancements in the latest Surfer version include scale bars and colour

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bars with frames, outlines and background fill colours to make them easier to read when placed on top of maps. Previously, this was a time-consuming multi-step process in which the user had to draw polygons and place them behind the scale and colour bars.

3D Surface Map in a 2D plot window will allow the user to fill the sides of the 3D surface layers down to a customized Z value. This is especially useful when overlaying surface maps to create a block model, so the user can fill the side down to any value, including zero, instead of the grid minimum.

Attribute data can now be exported as numeric data. In the past, Surfer converted numbers to text when saving the worksheet to a DBF or when exporting base layers to SHP/DBF or data files.

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Numeric values are now retained during both exporting functions.

Grid Files can be saved as GeoTIFFs, or Tagged Image File Format, which allows for easy data compatibility with other software packages such as ArcGIS, QGIS, Global Mapper, and USGS DEM File Reader.

Digitizing in the 3D View allows the user to click on spot locations on drillhole paths, surface layers and other features in the 3D View and capture the X, Y and Z coordinates of the locations clicked.

The Info Page in Properties for GridBased Layers has been updated to display commonly used information about the grid file used to create the layer, such as information about the file itself, the XY geometry, and Z statistics. This information previously could only be obtained through a multi-step reporting process.

INDUSTRY NEWS

Petronas launches Malaysia’s 2022 bid round Petronas is offering 14 exploration blocks, six clusters of Discovered Resource Opportunities (DRO) and one cluster of Late Life Assets (LLA) in its Malaysia Bid Round 2022 (MBR 2022).

The 14 exploration blocks on offer are located in prolific geological provinces within the Malay, Sabah and Sarawak basins. Most of these blocks contain existing oil and/or gas discoveries.

The six DRO clusters featured in the MBR 2022 are Meranti, Ubah, Baram Jr., A, C, and D, mostly in shallow water and are to existing production infrastructure. In addition, the single LLA, which includes a cluster of three fields named the Abu Cluster, provides opportunities to use existing facilities.

Petronas senior vice-president of Malaysia Petroleum Management (MPM), Mohamed Firouz Asnan said, ‘Through our basin study work, we believe there are many more prospects to be identified in the Malaysia basins, with the estimated remaining potential of about 21 billion barrels of oil equivalent (BBOE).’

Petronas is also offering technical study arrangements for two exploration areas in the southern Malay Basin and

northwest Sabah Basin. Through the study, investors will have an opportunity to better understand the potential of the acreages, prior to submitting a bid proposal.

While the attractive Enhanced Profitability Terms (EPT) and Production Sharing Contract (PSC) will continue to be applied to shallow water blocks, the newly introduced Small Field Asset (SFA) and LLA PSC terms will accompany the DRO and LLA on offer. Meanwhile, the three deepwater opportunities in the MBR 2022 will benefit from the Deepwater Revenue Over Cost (R/C) PSC terms.

At the same time, investors will continue to enjoy flexible bidding options such as merging two adjacent blocks under one PSC, transferable minimum work commitments between two adjacent PSCs, as well as a phased exploration period.

The platform Petronas myPROdata has also been launched to provide investors with insights into the full potential of Malaysia’s exploration and production resources.

Petronas is hosting a virtual data room until 30 June 2022.

Find out more on MBR 2022 www.petronas.com/mpm/.

PGS wins big CO2 storage data acquisition contracts offshore Norway PGS will acquire geophysical data in 2022 for two of the largest CO2 storage projects in the world.

The company is collaborating with Equinor on long-term monitoring of the Sleipner field in the North Sea. Meanwhile, PGS has won a seismic acquisition contract for CO2 storage offshore Norway from Equinor on behalf of Northern Lights JV. Acquisition is scheduled to start in Q2 2022 and has a duration of approx. 1 month.

Julien Oukili, geophysical support manager at PGS said, ‘In the early days of CO2 monitoring, it was claimed that the CO2 plume was “easy to see” but more recent investigations have revealed that FIRST

Julien Oukili, geophysical support manager at PGS.

may not be true – it seems high-quality broadband data is needed to deliver accurate CCS monitoring and measure plume and overburden evolution over time.’

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Merger and acquisitions bounced back in 2021, says Rystad Global upstream merger and acquisition (M&A) deals rebounded to pre-Covid-19 levels in 2021, reaching a total of $181 billion, a 70% increase over 2020, Rystad Energy research shows. The total deal value for 2021 was the highest in three years and almost reached the highs seen in 2017 and 2018 of $205 billion and $199 billion, respectively.

Sellers faced difficulty finding buyers during the downturn in 2020, but that ended last year as big deals made a comeback on high commodity prices and a strengthening market. Deals valued at more than $1 billion accounted for $126 billion, or 70%, of

emissions while simultaneously delivering profitable oil and gas production, and an average oil price of above $60 per barrel expected for 2022, the upstream M&A market is likely to stay active for the foreseeable future,’ said Ilka Haarmann, senior analyst at Rystad Energy.

Company acquisitions totalled $76 billion, around 42% of the global announced deal value in 2021, a drop in share compared with 2020 when purchases accounted for about 57% of the total deal values.

The largest company acquisition by deal value was the merger of Cimarex Energy with Cabot Oil & Gas, which was valued

the global total. The share of $1 billion-plus deals rose almost three-fold, with 35 such deals announced in 2021 compared with just 13 in 2020.

Out of the $1 billion-plus deals, 13 were company acquisitions together valued at around $65 billion. Two large Australia-focused mergers – one between Santos and Oil Search and another between Woodside Petroleum and BHP – contributed about $22 billion, while other $1 billion-plus company acquisitions were focused on North American assets.

The share of resources sold in deals shifted in 2021, with gas accounting for 56% of all traded resources, a sizeable jump from the 43% share it had in 2020. Oil accounted for 31%, and natural gas liquids came in at 9%.

‘With a strong potential deal pipeline, continuous pressure on companies to transform amid a global push to lower carbon

at about $17 billion. Cimarex and Cabot did not have overlapping asset positions.

The same applied for Appalachia-focused independent Southwestern Energy when it acquired Haynesville-focused Indigo Natural Resources for $2.7 billion and when Paloma Partners acquired Goodrich Petroleum for $480 million. Other US company acquisitions saw the merger consolidate the buyers’ existing portfolio positions.

The largest field acquisitions were Aker BP’s announcement to acquire Lundin Energy’s oil and gas portfolio, valued at about $14 billion, and ConocoPhillips’ acquisition of Shell’s Permian Basin position for $9.5 billion. Field acquisitions in the Permian totaled $19 billion in 2021, accounting for more than half of North American field and licence acquisitions, which totalled $35 billion. Russian acquisitions amounted to $12 billion, while in Europe, they clocked in at around $24 billion.

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The only peer group with positive net inorganic resource growth in 2021 was public companies, while private players and national oil companies (NOC) divested more resources than they acquired on a net basis. Public companies increased their net resources by about 12 billion barrels of oil equivalent (boe) through acquisitions last year. The top segment in terms of acquiring resources was public independents growing their positions mainly in North America.

Among them were Coterra Energy (formed by the merger of Cimarex Energy with Cabot Oil & Gas), Southwestern Energy, EQT Corporation, Chesapeake Energy and ConocoPhillips. In total, public independents acquired around 34 billion boe of resources in 2021 and sold approximately 21 billion boe.

Among public companies, the majors were the most aggressive in divesting resources in 2021, reducing their collective resources by about 5.5 billion boe on a net basis. The largest inorganic resource reduction among majors was made by Shell, which divested nearly 3 billion boe in North America, 500 million boe in Africa and 200 million boe in Asia. In total, Shell sold around 3.3 billion boe net for more than $11 billion in net proceeds in 2021. ExxonMobil – the major with the second-largest inorganic resource reduction in 2021 – divested net resources of nearly 1 billion boe for a net amount of about $3.8 billion, mainly through sales in Europe and Asia.

Public independents spent more than 75% of the segment’s acquisitions costs on acquiring assets from other public players, including majors, to which around 10% of the total amount spent on upstream acquisitions was paid. Public companies acquired assets worth $125 billion and sold assets for about $114 billion. Private companies in total acquired assets for $45 billion and sold assets for around $46 billion.

‘The deal pipeline is robust, and the upstream M&A market looks set to continue to strengthen, with deals in the US likely to remain a crucial driver of the global deal value,’ said Rystad. ‘Large sales in other regions may also materialize in 2022, particularly if majors continue to streamline their portfolios.’

INDUSTRY NEWS

Wintershall signs up for Ikon’s Curate software Wintershall Dea has selected Ikon Science’s Curate software to optimize its core data and gain efficiencies. Curate, Ikon’s scalable cloud-enabled subsurface knowledge management solution allows energy companies to contextualize disparate existing data and drive faster and more accurate decision making.

The global multi-year deal with Wintershall Dea includes Ikon’s data services to migrate and optimize all core data for

quality assurance and use of Curate to manage and visualize core data for more accurate geological insights and decisions in the field.

‘Wintershall Dea is introducing Curate as the new harmonized platform for core data to facilitate management, visualization and interpretation of our core data in one solution. It is important for us to free data from silos, to store it in one workspace and to make it readily

Ulrich Lorang, VP data governance at Wintershall Dea.

accessible to our experts, from anywhere and at any time,” said Ulrich Lorang, VP Data Governance of Wintershall Dea.

PGS reports Q4 net loss of $53 million PGS has reported a fourth quarter net loss of $53.5 million compared to a net loss of $60 million for the fourth quarter of 2020.

Q4 revenue of $210 million compared to $208 million in Q4 2020. EBIT loss of £26.5 million compared to $23 million loss in 2020.

Full year net loss was $179 million compared to a net loss of $321.5 million in 2020. Full year revenues of $704 million, compared to $512 million in 2020, which included $39 million of Covid-19-related government grants. Full year EBIT net loss of $66 million compared to an EBIT net loss of $188 million in 2020.

Cash flow from operations of $326.6 million, compared to $366.5 million in

2020. Cash flow before financing activities (interest payments and debt service) was $154.7 million for the full year Rune Olav Pederson, president and chief executive officer of PGS said: ‘The overall seismic market was weaker in 2021 than in 2020 and our peers generally reported lower revenues. However, the market started to recover, and we delivered higher revenues compared to 2020, when adjusting for Covid-19 related government grants received in 2020. The recovery is primarily driven by more activity and improving prices in the contract market. We achieved a 42% increase in our contract revenues.

‘Our clients are increasingly focusing on proven hydrocarbon areas and extract-

ing more resources from producing fields, which positively impacts demand for proprietary contract work. Development of the multi-client market has been more mixed. Total industry multi-client revenues and investments were down, compared to 2020. However, it is encouraging to report the highest multi-client revenues in the industry. Our multi-client pre-funding level was 105% and our late sales increased by more than 30%, compared to 2020.

‘The winter season has become more challenging than expected. However, going into the summer season the activity level and our booked position is healthy and we expect the market for contract work to continue improving.’

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INDUSTRY NEWS

Energy transition briefs

Cresta Fund Management has agreed to fund Lapis Energy’s carbon capture and storage (CCS) and clean hydrogen projects. Lapis Energy, a Dallas-based CCS company, brings together the strategic expertise of BluEnergy and Viridis Resources.

Petronas is collaborating with Japan Petroleum Exploration Co (JAPEX) on carbon capture and storage (CCS) opportunities, including suitable carbon dioxide (CO2) storage solutions in Malaysia.

The two companies will evaluate optimal

capture, storage and transportation methods, as well as estimation of emissions, capture volumes and monitoring methods of CO2 stored underground.

Tenaris, Saipem and SIAD have signed an agreement to start the design phase of a carbon dioxide capture and utilization (CCU) plant, to be built at the Tenaris plant in Dalmine, northern Italy. The project will capture 30 tonnes of CO2 per day produced by the thermoelectric power plant installed at the TenarisDalmine plant.

Aker Carbon Capture, Altera Infrastructure and Höegh LNG have signed an agreement to explore a full value chain offering for carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). The parties will collaborate on offering Carbon Capture as a Service to industrial emitters.

RWE has signed a concession agreement with the Danish Energy Agency (Energistyrelsen) to construct and operate the Thor offshore wind farm for 30 years. With a planned capacity of around 1000 megawatts, Thor will be Denmark’s largest offshore wind farm to date. The wind farm will be built off the Danish west coast and is scheduled to reach full operation in 2027.

BP has signed a deal to develop a multiple gigawatt renewable energy and green hydrogen development in Oman, by 2030. BP will capture and evaluate solar and wind data from 8000 km2 of land ahead of development projects.

Renewable energy could also supply renewable power for the development of green hydrogen, targeting both domestic and global export markets.

Oil and gas exploration briefs Wellesley Petroleum has drilled a well about 40 km west of Kristiansund and about 44 km north of the Gjøa field in the northern part of the North Sea. The objective of the well was to prove petroleum in Middle Jurassic reservoir rocks in the Krossfjord Formation. The well encountered water-bearing sandstone rocks at about 33 m, with poor to moderate reservoir quality. Water-bearing sandstone rocks were also encountered at about 33 m with poor to moderate reservoir quality, of unknown age, deeper in the well. The Krossfjord Formation has traces of petroleum. Data acquisition has been carried out. Well 36/1-4 S was drilled to a vertical depth of 3224 m below sea level and was terminated in basement rock. Water depth at the site is 211 m.

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Shell has made a significant oil and gas discovery at a closely-watched offshore well in Namibia after it drilled the Graff-1 well.

Equinor has won consent to drill exploration well 7220/8-2 in the Barents Sea. The well in production licence PL 532 will test the Snøfonn Nord prospect. Water depth is 350 m.

Shell has won consent for exploration drilling in Block 6305/5 in the Norwegian Sea. Well 6305/5-C-3 H will be drilled in production licence PL 209. Water depth is 925 m.

TotalEnergies has exercised an option to drill an additional well in Block 58 offshore Suriname. The work will commence in March 2022.

Equinor has won consent to drill a well to test the Kveikje Prospect in the North Sea.

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Wellesley Petroleum has drilled a well about 40 km west of Kristiansund and about 44 km north of the Gjøa field in the northern part of the North Sea.

INDUSTRY NEWS

CGG carries out research into capturing micropollutants

BRIEFS TotalEnergies is pulling out of Myanmar because of abuses and human rights violations since the coup of 1 February 2021.

The company has decided to initiate the contractual process of withdrawing from the Yadana field and from MGTC, both as operator and as shareholder, without financial compensation.

Magseis Fairfield has won a 4D Ocean Bottom Node (OBN) survey in the US Gulf of Mexico for a repeat customer, with an option for an additional project. The project is scheduled to start in Q2 2022 and run for two months. The company added that the conditional award of an ocean bottom node (OBN) survey in the North Sea for a repeat customer has been converted into a signed contract. The survey is expected to start in late Q2.

Adam Root, founder and CEO, Matter.

CGG has completed a project to characterize micropollutants and contaminants, including microplastics and synthetic fibres, captured by domestic and industrial filters.

Working with partners Matter, Brunel University London and Swansea University, the project has applied an integrated micropollution analysis workflow established by CGG at its geoscience laboratories in North Wales and the experimental techniques centre (ETC) at Brunel University London.

Samples included residue caught

by Matter’s filtration technology from clothes washing machines and multi-use industrial sites. A range of techniques, including CGG’s rapid mass screening method for micropollutant detection and ETC’s micro-FTIR and thermal analyses, were applied. The domestic appliance samples contained a mixture of polyester, rayon, nylon and cotton/synthetic fibre blends together with embedded fragments of acrylic, paints or resins. Industrial site samples were found to be heavily polluted, containing tyre particulates, paints, polypropylene and polyester with high levels of zinc, copper, chromium and lead.

The common goal of this partnership is to prevent micropollutants from enter-

Shell has announced fourth quarter 2021 adjusted earnings of $6.4 billion, supported by higher commodity prices.

Cash capex was $20 billion in 2021 and is expected to be at the lower end of the $23-27 billion range in 2022. Net debt reduced to $52.6 billion the end of 2021, a $23 billion reduction compared with 2020.

ing the environment, harming organisms and entering the food chain. The analysis workflow proved to be highly effective at identifying and characterizing materials within complex mixed samples, said CGG. This approach can be scaled to quantify micropollutants and contaminants in large volumes and contribute to the UK government’s 25-year environmental plan to achieve zero avoidable plastic waste by 2042, and zero avoidable waste by 2050, it added.

Adam Root, founder and CEO, Matter, said: ‘The micropollutant analysis of the material captured in our state-of-theart filtration technology provides a clear picture of the range and scale of contaminants that are washed into our drainage systems every day from domestic and commercial activities. These microparticles end up polluting our waterways and natural environment, causing health risks for us too. This excellent work by CGG, Brunel University London and Swansea University provides insightful scientific analysis that will support Matter on its mission to not only stop microplastic pollution but help find solutions for that material to be fed back into manufacturing and support a circular economy.’

FIRST

Exxon Mobil has launched the sale of shale gas properties stretching across 27,000 acres in the Appalachian basin of Ohio as part of a continuing divestiture of US assets.

The US Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) was due to hold a wind auction on 23 February for more than 480,000 acres offshore New York and New Jersey, in the area known as the New York Bight. Six lease areas could result in 5.6 to 7 gigawatts of offshore wind energy.

Shell and ScottishPower have secured rights to develop large-scale floating wind farms as part of Crown Estate Scotland’s ScotWind leasing. The partners have won two sites representing a total of 5 gigawatts (GW) off the east and northeast coast of Scotland.

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INDUSTRY NEWS

Kinetiko completes South Africa aeromagnetic survey

Aeromagnetic survey areas where the company has flown 32,204 km to date.

Perth-based energy exploration company Kinetiko Energy has completed interpretation of its third aeromagnetic survey over its permits in South Africa.

The latest survey flew 12,610 line km across the project bringing the total area of aeromagnetic flown to-date to 32,204 km since 2014 all with landowner approvals.

The survey used line spacing: 50m and tie line spacing of 500m at a flying height of 35 m.

Interpretation was based on magnetic intensity reduced to pole images. Resulting analysis indicates that a total of 42 new compartments, measuring collectively over 264 km2 and fit for investigation, have been discovered in the survey areas.

This adds to the existing 37 compartments already identified by previous aeromagnetic surveys and provides the company with 79 potentially viable sites.

‘This demonstrates that more than half of the total area flown comprising an enormous prospective area is suitable for gas hosting compartments and has a common surface geology to the gas-proven areas already under exploration and appraisal programmes,’ said Kinetiko in a statement.

Kinetiko is exploring the region for hydrocarbons in joint venture with Afro Energy.

TGS makes gender equality global list TGS has announced it is one of 418 companies across 11 sectors and 45 countries and regions included in the 2022 Bloomberg Gender-Equality Index (GEI).

TGS is one of two Norwegian companies and one of 18 energy companies in the 2022 GEI. The GEI is a modified market capitalization-weighted index that aims to track the performance of public companies committed to transparency in gender-data reporting. The GEI scoring methodology allows investors to assess company performance and compare across industry peer groups.

Whitney Eaton, EVP of people and sustainability at TGS, said, ‘We are extremely pleased to be included in the Bloomberg Gender-Equality Index for the second year in a row and to have improved our score from our first year. We recognize gender diversity is an ongoing challenge, but we are proud

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of the steps we have taken thus far.

TGS strives to create an inclusive work environment and to be transparent in our efforts and progress.’

The reference index measures gender equality across five pillars: female leadership and talent pipeline, equal pay and gender pay parity, inclusive culture, anti-sexual harassment policies, and pro-women brand.

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Peter T. Grauer, chairman of Bloomberg and founding chairman of the US 30% Club, said: “Even though the threshold for inclusion in the GEI has risen, the member list continues to grow. This is a testament that more companies are working to improve upon their gender-related metrics, fostering more opportunity for diverse talent to succeed in their organizations.’

Special Topic

RESERVOIR MONITORING Reservoir monitoring is playing an increasingly important role in an industry going through energy transition. Sustained cuts in exploration spending bring with them the need to get the most out of existing infrastructure and mature fields. As we shall see this month, there is also a growing sector of monitoring required for potential CO2 storage reservoirs. Ocean bottom seismic techniques are continuing to evolve.

Techniques include life of field seismic surveillance, distributed acoustic sensing, time lapse 4D monitoring and gravimetric monitoring.

Thomas L Davis describes how the monitoring and reservoir characterization effort at the Vacuum Field in New Mexico led to operational changes that created economic value.

Stefan Carpentier et al demonstrate strategies for improving monitoring and management of the poor pressure distribution in the CO2 storage reservoir.

Ola Eiken et al show how subsidence monitoring by water pressure has successfully been carried out over ten producing hydrocarbon fields offshore Norway to within a few mm of accuracy.

Leo Eisner et al compare Local and Moment Magnitudes of induced seismic events using the publicly available network in Groningen and show that Moment Magnitude can replace Local Magnitude using the surface stations.

Killian Ikwuaker presents a new body of knowledge in mathematical petrophysics that brings together practical petrophysics and geology, and avoids excessive theory and guess work.

Hugo Ruiz et al analyse the evolution of the noise level in three surveys at Snøhvit and present the results for the 2011-2019 time-lapse that help to reduce the uncertainty in key reservoir parameters.

Submit an article

Special Topic overview January

Land Seismic

First Break Special Topics are covered by a mix of original articles dealing with case studies and the latest technology. Contributions to a Special Topic in First Break can be sent directly to the editorial office (firstbreak@eage.org). Submissions will be considered for publication by the editor.

February

Digitalization / Machine Learning

March

Reservoir Monitoring

April

Unconventionals and Passive Seismic

May

Global Exploration Hotspots

June

Leading Geosciences in a New Era

It is also possible to submit a Technical Article to First Break. Technical Articles are subject to a peer review process and should be submitted via EAGE’s ScholarOne website: http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/fb

July

Modelling / Interpretation

August

Near Surface Geo & Mining

September

Reservoir Engineering & Geoscience

October

Energy Transition

November

Marine Acquisition

December

Data Management and Processing

You can find the First Break author guidelines online at www.firstbreak.org/guidelines.

More Special Topics may be added during the course of the year.

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FEATURE: WHATSUP!

Looking forward to the EAGE Digital Conference in Vienna and trust in digitalisation transformation for energy transition challenges Gwenola Michaud highlights the themes of data transformation and energy transition in a preview of the second EAGE Digital Conference.

March 2022 is particularly focused on digitalisation, with the Second EAGE Digital Conference in Vienna. Ironically, the First EAGE Digital Conference was planned in 2020, the same year that the Covid-19 pandemic invited itself into our lives and accelerated digitalisation worldwide. For the last two years we have developed new habits, and I am not talking about the fact that we now know how to queue across Europe, even in France and Italy! We have adopted new ways of living, working, and learning, thanks to the ‘digitalisation transformation’ across so many sectors. From the health and education sectors up to the collaborative working tools, more and better digitalisation tools and services are now available than ever before. From home schooling to home office, these two years have given us the trust and confidence that we can adapt well to new learning practices and be better and faster connected.

Increased insight with data democracy During our daily work in geoscience, we are craving for collaborative data management. We need to gain and generate value from improved communication, integration, and automation of data flows across teams within our organisations. We use technology and best practices to generate trust and confidence at each step of the data delivery workflow, from design to development and validation. The objective is to expand knowledge together and to provide solutions built for new value generation and data insight. Unlocking data silos and sharing common data views within teams create ideas and new knowledge. With data democracy, we can finally find the right expertise faster and in better conditions. Growing insights in a collaborative way is a powerful and efficient way of learning.

Collaborative teams add value Various teams are already working on developing solutions for, or on top of, data platforms to make data easily accessible and shareable across teams. Teams work not only together within the same company but also across institutions as a united task force; one leading example is the OSDU Data Platform, where cooperation and collaboration have been picking up fast. This created synergy is not only positive but extremely contagious — we are all now users of digital solutions, and our expectation of our daily solutions as geoscientists is also increasing. In addition, our sense of urgency to change and our flexibility to adopt new tools to get further insight on our data is clearly visible. This synergy is a drive that many teams experience and want to push further to get the necessary data insight now. This common and global digital

Cloud of words illustrating article content.

experience raises the trust and confidence in business growth, generating better solutions for users who are as engaged and as willing to get new added value.

Transitioning together in 2022 From the World Economic Forum held in Davos in January 2022, one theme resonates particularly with what is happening in our business: ‘No institution alone can address the economic, environmental, social and technological challenges of our interdependent world’. To overcome these challenges, as mentioned by Ursula von der Leyen, president of the European Commission, two main areas of investment are the European Green Deal and digitalisation, which require cooperation, trust and confidence. Another concern over this winter has been the European energy price crisis.

Compared to the first oil and gas crisis in the mid-1970s, we have more options to choose from as alternative sources of energy and more knowledge on how to move from only a fossil fuel-based system to include clean energy-based systems. After COP26, people and businesses trust that this transition has finally started.

Our challenges Within our EAGE community, we will see further significant contributions to the challenges of the energy transition and digitalisation transformation. Hence, I am looking forward to the outcome of the Second EAGE Digital Conference to learn about other experiences in overcoming data challenges and improving geoscientists’ data insights and decision-making through new digital solutions and technology.

Views expressed in this article are solely those of the author, who can be contacted at gwenola.michaud@cognite.com

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CALENDAR

CALENDAR OF EVENTS DATE APRIL 2022 11-14

Saint Petersburg 2022 St. Petersburg, Russia and online www.eage.ru

March 2022 1‑3 Mar

EAGE Middle East Geomechanics Workshop Lessons Learned & New Frontiers www.eage.org

Online

15-16 Mar

EAGE Workshop on Naturally Fractured Reservoirs in Asia Pacific www.eage.org

Online

21‑23 Mar

Fourth EAGE Workshop on Well Injectivity/ Productivity and Reservoir Management in Carbonates www.eage.org

Doha

Qatar

23-25 Mar

Second EAGE Digitalization Conference and Exhibition Leadership, Technology and Business of Tomorrow www.eagedigital.org

Vienna

Austria

4‑6 Apr

EAGE GeoTech 2022 Second EAGE Geoscience Technologies and Applications Conference and Exhibition www.eage.org

London and online

United Kingdom

11-14 Apr

Saint Petersburg 2022 10 th International Geological and Geophysical Conference Geosciences: Time for Change, Time for Chance www.eage.ru

St. Petersburg and online

Russia

25-29 Apr

Engineering and Mining Geophysics 2022 Conference & Exhibition www.eage.ru

Gelendzhik and online

Russia

25-29 Apr

Engineering and Mining Geology 2022 Conference www.eage.ru

Gelendzhik and online

Russia

28-29 Apr

First EAGE Workshop on Gas Exploration in Latin America www.eage.org

Online

4-5 May

Seismic 2022 and Beyond – The Continuing Role of Seismic in the Energy Industry www.spe-aberdeen.org

Online

19-20 May

Third EAGE Workshop on HPC in Americas www.eage.org

Salvador

Brazil

30 May 4 Jun

Joint Workshop Meeting APSLIM II and 19IWSA www.sw3d.cz

Želiv

Czech Republic

31 May 1 June

EAGE Workshop on Quantitative Geoscience as a Catalyst in a Carbon Neutral World www.eage.org

Kuala Lumpur

Malaysia

83 rd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition 2022 www.eageannual2022.org

Madrid

Spain

April 2022

May 2022

June 2022 6-9 Jun

EAGE Events

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August 2022 4-5 Aug

Second EAGE Workshop on Advanced Seismic Solutions in the Gulf of Mexico www.eage.org

Mexico City

Mexico

8‑12 Aug

GeoBaikal 2022 Seventh International Scientific-Practical conference www.eage.ru

Irkutsk and online

Russia

22‑24 Aug

Third EAGE Marine Acquisition Workshop www.eage.org

Oslo

Norway

23‑24 Aug

EAGE Asia Pacific Workshop on CO2 Geological Storage www.eage.org

Perth

Australia

24-26 Aug

Second EAGE Workshop on EOR in Latin America www.eage.org

Bogotá

Colombia

September 2022 5-7 Sep

ECMOR 2022 European Conference on Mathematics of Geological Reservoirs www.eage.org

The Hague and online

Netherlands

5-8 Sep

Geomodel 2022 24th Conference on Oil and Gas Geological Exploration and Development www.eage.ru

Gelendzhik and online

Russia

5-9 Sep

Fifth EAGE Conference on Petroleum Geostatistics www.eage.org

Porto

Portugal

12-14 Sep

MEDiNA Technical Conference and Exhibition www.medinace.aapg.org

Tunis

Tunisia

13-15 Sep

EAGE Conference on Digital Innovation for a Sustainable Future www.eage.org

Bangkok

Thailand

18-22 Sep

Near Surface Geoscience Conference & Exhibition 2022 www.eage.org

Belgrade

Serbia

19-21 Sep

Sixth EAGE High Performance Computing for Upstream www.eage.org

Milan

Italy

21-23 Sep

Data Science in Oil & Gas 2022 Third Scientific and Practical conference www.eage.ru

Novosibirsk and online

Russia

26-28 Sep

Sixth International Conference on Fault and Top Seals www.eage.org

Vienna

Austria

28-30 Sep

First EAGE Guyana-Suriname Basin Conference Discoveries and Opportunities to Harness the Potential of a New Oil Patch www.eage.org

Georgetown

Guyana

October 2022 3-7 Oct

Horizontal Wells 2022 5 th Scientific-Practical Conference www.eage.ru

Sochi and online

Russia

14-16 Oct

Baku 2022 Fourth international conference on Geology of the Caspian Sea and Adjacent Areas www.eage.ru

Baku

Azerbaijan

24-27 Oct

EAGE 5 th Asia Pacific Meeting on Near Surface Geoscience & Engineering www.eage.org

Taipei

Taiwan

26-27 Oct

Second EAGE Workshop on East Canada Offshore Exploration www.eage.org

Calgary

Canada

28-31 Oct

Second EAGE Subsurface Intelligence Workshop www.eage.org

Manama

Bahrain

November 2022 November

Second EAGE Workshop on Near Surface Geoscience & Mineral Exploration in Latin America www.eage.org

Bogota

Colombia

November

Asia Petroleum Geoscience Conference & Exhibition (APGCE) www.eage.org

Kuala Lumpur

Malaysia

1-3 Nov

Sixth EAGE Rock Physics Workshop www.eage.org

Riyadh

Saudi Arabia

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