First Break April 2021 - Unconventionals and Passive Seismic

VO L U M E 3 9 I I S S U E 4 I A P R I L 2 0 21

SPECIAL TOPIC

Unconventionals and Passive Seismic EAGE NEWS Geochemistry special interest group launched TECHNICAL ARTICLE North Sea through the energy transition PERSONAL RECORD New interview series

CORNERSTONE EVOLUTION Unprecedented detail in the Central North Sea Over 50,000 km2 of reprocessed data to de-risk your prospects.

Cameron Grant +44 1293 683 340 Cameron.Grant@CGG.com

cgg.com/cornerstone SEE THINGS DIFFERENTLY

Paul Godwin +44 1293 683 436 Paul.Godwin@CGG.com

FIRST BREAK® An EAGE Publication

CHAIRMAN EDITORIAL BOARD Peter Rowbotham (Peter.Rowbotham@apachecorp.com) EDITOR Damian Arnold (editorfb@eage.org) MEMBERS, EDITORIAL BOARD • Paul Binns, consultant (pebinns@btinternet.com) • Satinder Chopra, SamiGeo (satinder.chopra@samigeo.com) • Anthony Day, PGS (anthony.day@pgs.com) • Peter Dromgoole, Retired Geophysicist (peterdromgoole@gmail.com) • Rutger Gras, Consultant (r.gras@gridadvice.nl) • Hamidreza Hamdi, University of Calgary (hhamdi@ucalgary.ca) • John Reynolds, Reynolds International (jmr@reynolds-international.co.uk) • James Rickett, Schlumberger (jrickett@slb.com) • Dave Stewart, Dave Stewart Geoconsulting Ltd (djstewart.dave@gmail.com) • Femke Vossepoel, Delft University of Technology (f.c.vossepoel@tudelft.nl) • Angelika-Maria Wulff, Kuwait Oil Company (AWulff@kockw.com) EAGE EDITOR EMERITUS Andrew McBarnet (andrew@andrewmcbarnet.com)

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Indo-Norwegian research collaboration on artificial water reservoir-triggered seismicity

Editorial Contents 3

EAGE News

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Personal Record Interview

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Crosstalk

MEDIA PRODUCTION Saskia Nota (firstbreakproduction@eage.org)

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Industry News

PRODUCTION ASSISTANT Ivana Geurts (firstbreakproduction@eage.org)

Technical Article

ADVERTISING INQUIRIES corporaterelations@eage.org EAGE EUROPE OFFICE PO Box 59 3990 DB Houten The Netherlands • +31 88 995 5055 • eage@eage.org • www.eage.org EAGE RUSSIA & CIS OFFICE EAGE Russia & CIS Office EAGE Geomodel LLC 19 Leninsky Prospekt 119071, Moscow, Russia • +7 495 640 2008 • moscow@eage.org • www.eage.ru EAGE MIDDLE EAST OFFICE EAGE Middle East FZ-LLC Dubai Knowledge Village Block 13 Office F-25 PO Box 501711 Dubai, United Arab Emirates • +971 4 369 3897 • middle_east@eage.org • www.eage.org EAGE ASIA PACIFIC OFFICE UOA Centre Office Suite 19-15-3A No. 19, Jalan Pinang 50450 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia • +60 3 272 201 40 • asiapacific@eage.org • www.eage.org EAGE AMERICAS SAS Calle 93 # 18-28 Oficina 704 Bogota, Colombia • +57 1 4232948 • americas@eage.org • www.eage.org

31 The North Sea through the energy transition David G. Quirk, John R. Underhill, Jon G. Gluyas, Hamish A.M. Wilson, Matthew J. Howe and Sean Anderson

Special Topic: Unconventionals and Passive Seismic

45 Offshore field trial application of low-frequency passive microseismic technology in the North Sea for exploration, appraisal and development of hydrocarbon deposits Vasilii Ryzhov, Dmitrii Ryzhov, Ilshat Sharapov, Sergey Feofilov, Evgeny Smirnov, Ivan Starostin, Roy P. Bitrus and Ben Chichester 51 A neural network approach for classifying events and blasts in real-time mining seismicity

Joshua Richard Williams, Skyler Freeman and Doug Angus 57

Faults in the Denver Basin Thomas L. Davis

63 Indo-Norwegian research collaboration on artificial water reservoirtriggered seismicity D. Kühn, D. Shashidhar, I. Vera Rodriguez, K. Mallika, V. Oye and H.V.S. Satyanarayana 69

Enhanced oil recovery for heavy oil in Canada Majid Nasehi

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The giant, continuous Three Forks Play, Williston Basin Stephen A. Sonnenberg

86 Calendar

EAGE MEMBERS CHANGE OF ADDRESS NOTIFICATION Send to: EAGE Membership Dept at EAGE Office (address above) FIRST BREAK ON THE WEB www.firstbreak.org ISSN 0263-5046 (print) / ISSN 1365-2397 (online)

cover: Aerial view of a winding river in North Dakota. This month we feature the giant, continuous Three Forks Play in the US state.

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European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers

Board 2020-2021

Everhard Muijzert President

Dirk Orlowsky Vi c e-President

Near Surface Geoscience Division Alireza Malehmir Chair Esther Bloem Vice-Chair George Apostolopoulos Immediate Past Chair Micki Allen Contact Officer EEGS/North America Riyadh Al-Saad Oil & Gas Liaison Hongzhu Cai Liaison China Albert Casas Membership Officer Eric Cauquil Liaison Shallow Marine Geophysics Deyan Draganov Technical Programme Officer Ranajit Ghose Editor in Chief Near Surface Geophysics Hamdan Ali Hamdan Liaison Middle East Vladimir Ignatief Liaison North America / Russia Andreas Kathage Liaison Officer First Break Musa Manzi Liaison Africa Myrto Papadopoulou Young Professional Liaison Andreas Pfaffhuber Liaison Infrastructure & BIM Koya Suto Liaison Asia Pacific Catherine Truffert Industry Liaison

Pascal Breton Secretary-Treasurer

Oil & Gas Geoscience Division

Caroline Le Turdu Membership and Cooperation Officer

Michael Peter Suess Chair; TPC Lucy Slater Vice-Chair Caroline Jane Lowrey Immediate Past Chair; TPC Erica Angerer Member Wiebke Athmer Member Juliane Heiland TPC Tijmen-Jan Moser Editor-in-chief Geophysical Prospecting Francesco Perrone YP Liaison Philip Ringrose Editor-in-chief Petroleum Geoscience Conor Ryan REvC Liaison Martin Widmaier TPC Aart-Jan van Wijngaarden Technical Programme Officer

Colin MacBeth Education Officer

Ingrid Magnus Publications Officer

SUBSCRIPTIONS First Break is published monthly. It is free to EAGE members. The membership fee of EAGE is € 50.00 a year (including First Break, EarthDoc (EAGE’s geoscience database), Learning Geoscience (EAGE’s Education website) and online access to a scientific journal.

Companies can subscribe to First Break via an institutional subscription.

Every subscription includes a monthly hard copy and online access to the full First Break archive for the requested number of online users.

Aart-Jan van Wijngaarden Technical Programme Officer

Alireza Malehmir Chair Near Surface Geoscience Division

Orders for current subscriptions and back issues should be sent to EAGE Publications BV, Journal Subscriptions, PO Box 59, 3990 DB, Houten, The Netherlands. Tel: +31 (0)88 9955055, E-mail: subscriptions@eage.org, www.firstbreak.org.

Michael Peter Suess Chair Oil & Gas Geoscience Division

First Break is published by EAGE Publications BV, The Netherlands.

However, responsibility for the opinions given and the statements made rests with the authors.

COPYRIGHT & PHOTOCOPYING © 2021 EAGE All rights reserved. First Break or any part thereof may not be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transcribed in any form or by any means, electronically or mechanically, including photocopying and recording, ­without the prior written permission of the publisher.

PAPER The publisher’s policy is to use acid-free permanent paper (TCF), to the draft standard ISO/DIS/9706, made from sustainable ­forests using chlorine-free pulp (Nordic-Swan standard).

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HIGHLIGHTS

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Check out EAGE Education package

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First Take review of GET21

Berlin students on life during pandemic

Special interest community launched for geochemistry

Boiling mudpots in the geothermal area Hverir, Myvatn region, northern Iceland.

EAGE prides itself on being a uniquely multi-disciplinary professional network, and it is always growing. This is why we are excited to be launching a new special interest community on Geochemistry, in collaboration with EAG (the European Association of Geochemists).

Geochemistry is a key topic featured in many EAGE and EAG events, including Goldschmidt meetings, the EAGE Annual and the recent GET conference.

It is therefore no surprise that this group has been in the works for some time, but you will notice it is also the pilot for the first joint community with an associated society. We are happy to join forces on this project with EAG, a globally recog-

nized non-profit organization promoting excellence and knowledge exchange in geochemistry, and an associated society of EAGE since 2017.

This collaborative initiative will bring our cooperation with EAG one step further in facilitating connections between industry and academia, and exploring new opportunities in all areas of organic and inorganic geochemistry. What can members of each society (or both) expect?

A network dedicated not only to those whose main focus is geochemistry, but also for everyone interested in geochemical applications that may contribute to their work. We especially invite you to join if you’d like to explore new opportunities in FIRST

the field or if you are considering pursuing a career in geochemistry.

Just like our other special interest groups, the community will have a space on LinkedIn to connect, share news and ideas, participate in discussions, career development activities, etc. In addition, we will make sure to share opportunities offered by both societies to present or publish your work, tools to support your career progression and learning resources.

Join the community!

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EAGE NEWS

EAGE Asia Pacific Virtual Geoscience Week to focus on regional geology

Varied geology of Southeast Asia.

Here’s something to look forward to: a week-long online workshop exploring the highly complex geology of Southeast Asia and its combinations of regional tectonics, large structuring events and diverse depositional systems. What we are calling EAGE Asia Pacific Virtual Geoscience Week is intended to provide a dynamic platform to explore the many

frontier areas in the Southeast Asia region.

So save the dates - 19-23 April 2021.

The event offers an online gathering of petroleum geoscience experts to share and discuss their ideas and experiences.

We have key industry leaders on board – from companies such as Stratos Energy Advisors, Eliis, Sirius Exploration Geochemistry, JX Nippon Oil & Gas

Exploration Co, PETRONAS Carigali, Sedigon Consultants, Carigali Hess and Palynova - presenting on the geological challenges encountered in the exploitation of hydrocarbons in the region.

Learn more about the event and check out the latest updates via https://eage. eventsair.com/eage-asia-pacific-virtual-geoscience-week.

Workshop on quantifying uncertainties in depth imaging coming soon

Quantifying uncertainty in depth imaging: from rays to waves.

EAGE Workshop on Quantifying Uncertainty in Depth Imaging is just weeks away. The workshop on 12-14 April 2021 aims to explore how we should characterize depth imaging uncertainties at each stage of the exploration and development cycle. It also includes case studies exploring where uncertainty impacts decisions; uncertainty resulting from model building practices; comparisons of uncertainty

from the results of key algorithms; as well as the impact of using complimentary information to reduce uncertainty.

This virtual EAGE workshop will assess where we stand as an industry in calculating, providing and using information regarding the reliability of the relevant seismic applications. The workshop explores the impact of the methods we use throughout the life of a seismic project

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and how we use the results to make decisions. The technical sessions will cover the following topics: How should we characterize depth imaging uncertainties at each stage of the exploration and development cycle; Cases where uncertainty impacts decisions; Uncertainty resulting from model building practices; Comparing uncertainty from the results of key algorithms; and Impact of using complimentary information to reduce uncertainty.

Contributors will include leading experts from CGG, Schlumberger, PETRONAS, Earth Resource Management Services, BP, and Aramco Services Company. This workshop aspires to improve our shared understanding of what we can do today and where our ambition should be for the future in terms of reliability of the seismic applications.

Find more information via https:// eage.eventsair.com/quantifying-uncertainty-depth-imaging/.

NO MORE SEPARATION ANXIETY

DUG DEBLEND

Blended surveys provide a number of operational and technical advantages. In the OBN example pictured above, three triplesource vessels were firing within 15 km of each other. Such overlapping shots must first be separated to permit subsequent processing. DUG Deblend is our inversion-based solution which can reconstruct shots as if they had been acquired separately.

It generalises to a wide range of scenarios and can also simultaneously deblend seismic interference, which is simply an unintended form of blended acquisition. With DUG Deblend, there is no more separation anxiety.

(Data courtesy of AGS and TGS)

EAGE NEWS

EAGE Education: now’s the time to check out the full package

Participate in our education programmes from the comfort of your home.

EAGE recognizes the necessity for high-quality training and education throughout the lifetime of an industry professional. Indeed, we see educational tools as a key deliverable to our membership, especially relevant in our rapidly changing industry. In keeping with our Association’s ethos and to keep abreast of the latest trends in geoscience and engineering, we have developed a programme full of education offerings, engagement opportunities and unique experiences. Check them out.

Individuals can choose between packages of three, five or ten courses and save up to 45% on registration fees compared with individual courses. The packages are valid for a period of 12 months – at any time during this period you can select courses on offer for your package.

For corporates, we offer tailored solutions for groups starting already from 10 people.

Education packages Since May 2020, the EAGE Interactive Online Short Courses (IOSCs) have brought carefully selected courses from our catalogue online to give participants the possibility to follow the latest education in geoscience and engineering remotely.

The courses include also some of the most popular EAGE Education Tours (EETs).

Participants have the possibility to interact live with the instructor and ask questions.

We have seen a growing interest in our education offerings, with people attending multiple courses throughout the year. To help you save on registration fees and better organize your learning path, we are introducing education packages applicable to all IOSCs and Online EETs, for both individuals and corporates.

Customized in-house training Most of the short courses from our education catalogue are also available as in-house training, which can be organized online and customized to better fit with specific needs.

In-house courses are suited for groups of 10–20 participants, although sessions for larger audiences can be arranged as well.

In-house courses can be complemented with a consultation session, if needed. Many of our instructors are flexible in being able to customize the curriculum with individual preferences and training needs.

In-house training is a flexible and cost-effective option for the continuous professional development of your company.

Engaging in training as a group and undertaking activities and discussions together can also serve as a team-building exercise, strengthen the bonds between colleagues, refresh team skills and boost confidence.

Visit our Learning Geoscience platform!

Webinars EAGE offers two types of webinars: Distinguished Lecturer Programme (DLP) webinars are lectures from the best presentations delivered at the EAGE Annu-

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al Conference. The lecturers admitted to the programme remain available for two years and connect with hundreds of professionals worldwide. With this programme, EAGE aims at encouraging the exchange of knowledge in geosciences and the development of connections among professionals. A DLP webinar consists of a live online video connection of about one hour during which the lecturer delivers a talk to participants connected remotely in groups or individually, and a Q&A session afterwards in which participants can interact with the lecturer.

E-Lecture webinars contain some really fascinating material as well as core building-blocks for topics that span across the entire geoscience and engineering field. An E-Lecture webinar starts with an introduction by the lecturer, followed by a pre-recorded E-Lecture, and concludes with a live Q&A session with the lecturer.

Registration for all webinars is free for EAGE members!

Especially, DLP Webinars can also be requested by EAGE Local Chapters, our associated societies and individual EAGE members free of charge. Requesting members are expected to bring together an audience of a minimum 10 EAGE members. Beyond the required number of attendees, participation can be extended to other professionals interested in the webinar. To request a webinar, please contact us at webinar@eage.org.

Self-paced online courses Self-paced online courses are pre-recorded online courses that you can complete with your own schedule over a set period.

The current course available in this format is ‘Velocities, Imaging, and Waveform Inversion: The Evolution of Characterizing the Earth’s Subsurface’ by Dr Ian Jones (ION, UK), containing seven pre-recorded video lectures. The estimated time to go through the course is six hours. A certificate of attendance will be available upon completion of all course requirements.

The course addresses velocities, imaging and waveform inversion, thereby concentrating on the origin and nature of the geological complexities that give rise

EAGE NEWS

to imaging problems, as well as a physical (rather than mathematical) understanding of the principles behind subsurface parameter estimation techniques, and also look at some possible future directions. It is designed for practising geoscientists and geoscience students who wish to better understand the principles and limitations of both current and emerging technologies involved in subsurface parameter estimation and imaging.

Extensive Online Courses The EAGE Extensive Online Courses provide a deep-dive learning experience, with self-paced online materials complemented with regular interactive sessions with the instructor. Participants will have access to the course material for a period of one month after the start date of the course to complete all requirements for the achievement of a certificate.

The two extensive courses on offer at this moment are ‘Developing Deep Learning Applications for the Oilfield: From Theory to Real World Projects’ by Bernard Montaron and ‘Introduction to Machine Learning for Geophysical Applications’ by Jaap Mondt. Our first deliveries of both courses received positive feedback from participants. Look out for the release of the next courses.

Start planning your learning today! You can read more about the education packages, check all the courses and webinars on offer and find the right ones for you at www.LearningGeoscience.org.

If you have any questions about our education offerings, feel free to reach out to us at education@eage.org. For questions regarding corporate education packages and customized in-house training, contact us at corporaterelations@eage.org.

An extensive course in progress.

EAGE Online Education Calendar VELOCITIES, IMAGING, AND WAVEFORM INVERSION - THE EVOLUTION OF CHARACTERIZING THE EARTH’S SUBSURFACE, BY I. F. JONES (ONLINE EET)

SELF PACED COURSE

6 APR

RESOLUTION, RESOLUTION, RESOLUTION - AN ULTRA-HIGH RESOLUTION SEISMIC CASE STUDY FROM THE BARENTS SEA, BY M. GARDEN

WEBINAR

1 SESSION OF 1 HR

7 APR

MAKING THE TRANSITION FROM DISCRETE SHOT RECORDS TO CONTINUOUS WAVEFIELDS, BY T. KLUVER

WEBINAR

1 SESSION OF 1 HR

7-8 APR

SEISMIC SURVEILLANCE FOR RESERVOIR DELIVERY, BY O. I. BARKVED (ONLINE EET)

SHORT COURSE

2 SESSIONS OF 4 HRS

12-13 APR

A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW OF SEISMIC DATA PROCESSING STEPS,

BY P. GERRITSMA

SHORT COURSE

2 SESSIONS OF 4 HRS

15-16 APR

MICROSEISMICITY: A TOOL FOR RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION,

BY S.A. SHAPIRO

SHORT COURSE

2 SESSIONS OF 4 HRS

19‑22 APR

FUNDAMENTALS AND PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF SPE-PRMS FOR CONVENTIONAL AND UNCONVENTIONAL RESERVOIRS, BY A. HUERTA

SHORT COURSE

4 SESSIONS OF 4 HRS

22 APR

AUTOMATED TOP SALT INTERPRETATION USING A DEEP CONVOLUTIONAL NET

BY O. GRAMSTAD

WEBINAR

1 SESSION OF 1 HR

22-23 APR

THE USE OF SURFACE WAVES FOR NEAR SURFACE VELOCITY MODEL BUILDING,

BY L. V. SOCCO

SHORT COURSE

2 SESSIONS OF 2 HRS

17 MAY-17 JUN

DEVELOPING DEEP LEARNING APPLICATIONS FOR THE OILFIELD: FROM THEORY TO REAL WORLD PROJECTS, BY B. MONTARON

EXTENSIVE COURSE*

5 SESSIONS OF 1 HR

21 JUN-21 JUL

INTRODUCTION TO MACHINE LEARNING FOR GEOPHYSICAL APPLICATIONS,

BY J. MONDT

EXTENSIVE COURSE*

4 SESSIONS OF 1-2 HRS

OPEN

*EXTENSIVE SELF PACED MATERIALS COMPLEMENTED WITH REGULAR INTERACTIVE SESSIONS WITH THE INSTRUCTOR: PLEASE CHECK THE SCHEDULE OF EACH COURSE FOR THE DATES AND TIMES OF LIVE SESSIONS FOR MORE INFORMATION AND REGISTRATION PLEASE VISIT WWW.EAGE.ORG AND WWW.LEARNINGGEOSCIENCE.ORG.

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EAGE NEWS

EAGE near surface sessions featured at North American events

Mount Assiniboine in Banff National Park, Alberta, Canada.

The tradition of our professional societies exchanging some of the best presentations from their major events lives on. In March, eight papers previously presented at EAGE’s Near Surface Geoscience were presented in North America at the near surface SAGEEP 2021 annual conference and at the KEGS Symposium of the Canadian Exploration Geophysical Society.

Over the years our Near Surface Conference series have been able to attract participants and papers from a wide variety of countries, disciplines and institutions. Selecting some of the highy rated presentations to form ‘Best of’ sessions has provided a great currency to exchange with other societies. The cooperation helps provide a wider platform for excellent research, and also strengthens ties in the professional community.

The SAGEEP conference is home to the longest running ‘Best of’ exchange programme. One of the presenters this year was George Apostolopoulos from the National Technical University of Athens and former chairperson of the Near Surface Geoscience Division. ‘My contribution to the session focuses on geoarcheology, a topic well established in Europe. Subsurface research on anthropogenic activities is of great interest outside of Europe as well, so it’s great to connect to my peers outside ’ Myrto Papadopoulou (Politecnico di Milano) relates her SAGEEP expe8

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rience: ‘The presentations included in these sessions are a sample of the innovative research and technological achievements advancing in Europe in the field of near-surface geophysics, while topics such as mineral exploration, can be highly interesting for the North American community’.

Janaa Gustavson (Guideline Geo) was one of the presenters selected to also present her work at the KEGS Symposium. ‘My work focuses on the benefits of using modern non-destructive geophysical techniques compared to more traditional ways of investigation. Sound knowledge of efficient geophysical investigation techniques transcend borders, after all, so

it’s good to connect to like-minded people in Canada on this.’

Magdalena Markovic Juhlin (Uppsala University) agrees. ‘My contribution focused on reflection seismic methods for mineral exploration. Canada is well known for its advances in mineral exploration, so I’m hoping to get good questions and comments about my work. Having this platform with European and North American researchers can only benefit the development of new approaches in methodology and technology.’

The eight EAGE ‘Best Of’ presentations can all be accessed through EarthDoc as part of the Near Surface Geoscience proceedings.

Rings around the river rocks on the Bow River near Bearspaw dam in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

2021

HOW TO SECURE YOUR NODAL ACQUISITION?

WiNG IS THE ANSWER! Nantes, France sales.nantes@sercel.com

Houston, USA sales.houston@sercel.com

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EAGE NEWS

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How GET21 presents energy transition challenge to future of geoscience and engineering community

SERIES

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Welcome to our new First Take event preview series.

This is where we go behind the scenes to talk to organizers about their goals for upcoming EAGE meetings and what participants can expect. Here we feature the upcoming GET21 (Geoscience and Engineering for the Energy Transition) conference due to be held in Strasbourg on 23-25 November as a hybrid event (in person and virtual). We spoke to Esther Bloem (Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research – NIBIO), Karin de Borst (Shell) and Giovanni Sosio (Schlumberger).

Esther Bloem

How did the idea of the GET conference series come about?

Karin de Borst

de Borst: Energy transition has been on EAGE’s agenda for quite some time. The idea emerged to organize an event that would span across the Near Surface Geoscience and Oil and Gas divisions, and one that would address all subsurface components that have a relevance to energy transition and require input from geoscientists and engineers.

Bloem: We see the Near Surface community growing and introducing new topics at conferences. So there is a lot of discussion going on around energy transition. In addition, society is asking for new energy sources. The EAGE is listening, and so is the professional community working in this field.

What did you learn from organizing the first GET in 2020?

Giovanni Sosio

de Borst: It may sound simple, but it’s particularly important to reserve enough time for discussion and participant interaction. It was especially challenging for GET 2020 in a virtual setting. I was quite impressed by the level of engagement of the delegates and the very active discussions that we had during the technical sessions. In the closing sessions,

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delegates came together with the co-chairs and session chairs with highlights of the programme during the day. This is an element we intend to promote for GET2021.

Which topics were of most interest? And will there be any changes?

Sosio: The one that drew the largest audience was the plenary session on Solutions and Society. It was so successful that we’ve agreed to keep it this year. In order to add to these non-technical type of topics, we’ve decided to include a session on environmental sustainability.

Bloem: We hope to really engage participants in the society discussion, to see what this means for energy transition, what kind of impact it has on our ecosystem services, and the implications for the value chain related to near surface energy resources.

What are the specific changes being made to the scope of the conference? de Borst: As well as more on environment and sustainability, we are expanding the scope of the more technically focused programme,

EAGE NEWS

for example, with an offshore wind energy theme. Last time we focused on the more classical subsurface uses in the energy transition, such as geothermal, CO2 storage and energy storage. But it was always the intention to arrive at some point at a platform that would address all different subsurface uses. Wind energy seemed like an obvious choice, because you have quite some common topics with the more classical and deeper subsurface fields, be it related to subsurface characterization, monitoring, data interpretation, data integration, or data analytics. We hope that this gives a setting that will result in interaction between participants coming with a background in one of the fields. With luck, we will see some integration and cross fertilization arising from this initiative.

There are a lot of different topics that have to be put together to achieve some measure of integration. So how realistic is this goal?

Bloem: Well, what we see is that there are different approaches being taken, and lots of new initiatives ongoing. There are actually a lot of opportunities to optimize energy demands and availability and at the same time to reduce waste products. But to what extent it will really be integrated is difficult to predict. de Borst: We will start on a small scale, zooming in on the technical challenge of integrating different subsurface uses. This would be in response to having many claims to a limited resource like the subsurface and also hoping to get benefits from the combined use of the subsurface from an economic point of view.

For example, we can integrate CO2 storage and thermal energy production in the context of CO2 plume geothermal. There are also ‘dual play’ opportunities with regard to integrating elements of new energies into conventional oil and gas facilities. We hope to see a lot of contributions, plenty of ideas being presented and shared, as well as finding out how knowledge, workflows and metadata can be transferred across different subsurface applications and disciplines.

Does the choice of Strasbourg, home of the European Parliament, mean a European focus for the meeting. de Borst: We want to take the opportunity that we are very close to many European institutions. It may help to attract European officials to the conference, so that we can also have a discussion around legislative issues, policy issues, and also to share information about funding opportunities. We hope for integration in a different context, namely integration between technical experts and officials. Collaboration is key to make impactful changes.

Sosio: Strasbourg also has another significance. The area around Strasbourg has an association with the French petroleum industry. It is where the first wireline log was acquired nearly 100 years ago. Now one century later today, both the German and

French sides of the Rhine are becoming a centre of the European drive to transition to geothermal energy. So the technologies that were used for petroleum exploration are now being applied to the development of geothermal energy.

What about energy poverty, and the challenge of bringing transition to developing countries?

Is that included in the programme? de Borst: We definitely want to address this and have included equitable energy transition in our Society and Solutions theme.

Because this is a technical programme, our call for abstracts may not give the topic enough traction. But we will try to stimulate discussion and awareness through keynote speeches and panel sessions. This should generate a conversation around the technical and financial challenges and potentially how we best can transfer technologies or skills to developing countries to help them to be successful on their decarbonization journey.

Bloem: There are great opportunities here, because alternative energy sources offer more power generation options, so you’re not depending on just one single source. You can really look into what is the best solution for different regions, for example, some countries might not have such a good national grid and alternative sources may provide an option to solve this.

The really big question is how much of an opportunity does energy transition promise for geoscientists and engineers going forward? de Borst: It is probably difficult to put it in quantitative terms, but this is definitely an opportunity. The subsurface will play a key role in energy transition, for energy production and energy storage, and you also need a lot of minerals that come from the subsurface for batteries, and potentially for increased nuclear power. For the subsurface, we will always need geoscience and engineering skills to image the earth’s structure, but also to make sure that we operate in a safe and sustainable way.

Sosio: We need to adapt our skills to these new and different uses of the subsurface. In our call for abstracts, we are pushing the authors not to shy away from discussing which skills are relevant to embrace energy transition, and how much of a change there will be? This was a topic that in 2020 was perhaps a bit overlooked given the technical focus of the conference.

So for the EAGE as a professional society, how do you see the significance of the event? de Borst: It is very important that the Association embraces changes in the role of the members as they are encountering the energy transition and to offer events, information and training that address this changing professional working environment.

This First Take article has been edited for publication based on a live interview hosted

by Andrew McBarnet. The online video version can be accessed on the GET21 website.

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EAGE NEWS

International audience for LC Aberdeen near surface geoscience workshop Local chapter committee members Anna Fulop and Simona Caruso report on a successful near surface geoscience online workshop organized by the EAGE Local Chapter Aberdeen on 2 February 2021.

Fictional island of Windia (photo courtesy of RockWave and Minecraft).

Following the format of the 4D workshop organized by the LC Aberdeen in January 2018, the idea for the workshop evolved over the last couple of years, initially as an offshoot of the EAGE’s Near Surface Geoscience/Shallow Marine conference.

However, with the travel restrictions imposed on all of us over the past several months, it was decided to host this as a free online event instead. To everyone’s surprise - and delight - the workshop registration, capped at 200 delegates, was oversubscribed a few days ahead of the event, and attracted a global interest (something an in-person workshop could not have allowed).

The workshop opened with a brief introduction of the LC Aberdeen’s activities by our chair, Paul Mitchell, and was followed by five captivating and complementary talks related to shallow geoscientific data for marine engineering projects, delivered by a range of UK-based industry experts.

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The first talk on ‘UHR3D Seismic Data for Sub-seabed Boulder Detection’ presented by Scott Griffiths (Fugro) showed how, in the context of the glacially influenced Pleistocene deposits in NW Europe, an ultra-high resolution 3D seismic solution can be used to resolve buried boulders, thus constraining one of the main hazards likely to be encountered during the planning, design and installation of seabed infrastructure, such as fixed offshore wind turbines.

The talk illustrated examples of semi-automated mapping tools resulting in more informative distribution maps.

Next, Peter Cox (RockWave) took us on a journey to the fictional island of Windia and demonstrated the hidden potential of advanced and bespoke marine seismic data re-processing and ‘repurposing’, in his talk on ‘Improved Certainty in Ground-Modelling with Optimized Seismic Processing’. He showed how the near-surface information contained in both oil and gas

2021

exploration data and UHR seismic data, in particular mixed-phase sparker data, can be retrieved and exploited through optimized processing flows to support and refine ground models.

The third talk was jointly presented

by Simona Caruso and Lewis Cottee (Vysus Group) on ‘Extended Top-hole and Foundation Zone Interpretation Techniques’. As oil and gas exploration and offshore wind developments move into ever more complex environments, with increasing foundation challenges, our presenters highlighted the importance of comprehensive desktop studies and the need to appreciate data limitations as the way forward to understand localized variations and bring regional context to the results. Through case studies they presented some of the ways advanced techniques, such as seismic attribute analysis, seismic geomorphology, seismic inversion and semi-automated mapping can be used to improve the detection of shallow geohazards and overall interpretation reliability of marine near surface data, ultimately offering some insight or input to quantitative models.

Robert Mullen (RPS) delivered the penultimate talk on ‘Collaborative VSP Acquisition to Optimise Velocity Control and High Resolution Imaging’. He described the many challenges faced during a unique collaboration project for DTEK Oil and Gas in Ukraine, and how this approach provided high resolution imaging of the top carbonate structure, velocity control and assisted calibration of quantitative interpretation using the Amplitude Variation with Offset (AVO) response. The talk highlighted how an accurate velocity model from surface was key to generating the high-resolution images which informed the structural model. The acquisition of Vp/Vs veloc-

EAGE NEWS

ities up to surface by vertical seismic profile (VSP) was possible thanks to the adapted acquisition geometry and improvements introduced following experience from previous VSPs in the region. Bill Barry, Mullen’s former colleague and main man in the field on this project, took part in the questions.

Mark Finch (Ternan Energy) returned to the challenges of offshore wind development with the final presentation of the day entitled ‘It is what it is: managing

ground risk in offshore wind’. Drawing from his more than 30 years’ experience working in marine geotechnical engineering and more specifically his 15 years in offshore wind, Finch discussed ground conditions uncertainty and seabed risk management. He then offered a comprehensive overview of the relative value of the various components of wind farm development projects, including desk studies, ground models, synthetic CPTs, specific site investigations and

foundation concept selection, from an engineering perspective.

Attendance on the day peaked at 152 with over 60 attendees still present during the extended Q&A close-out session. Our special thanks to the EAGE, and to Francis Buckley and Kinga Wróblewska for initiating this workshop and helping us move it forward, and to the rest of the LC Aberdeen committee for its support in making this event a success.

Looking forward to the 23rd edition of Geomodel Anticipation is growing for EAGE’s 23rd Scientific and Practical Conference on Geological Exploration and Development of Oil and Gas Fields (Geomodel 2021) due to be held on 6-10 September in Gelendzhik, Russia.

Geomodel 2020 was held in a difficult environment, but we became one of the first events to successfully meet in real and virtual space. Over the course of the year we have become more technically competent and we are not afraid of the opportunity to take part in conferences from our office or home.

The conference format allows you to choose the form of participation: you can come to the conference and participate in all events in person, or connect to the conference remotely. In any case, we look forward to your participation and hope that your presentations, questions and participation in discussions will influence the collective

work of everyone who wants to improve the level of knowledge and achievements.

We like to think that Geomodel conferences differ from others as they offer more opportunities for professional communication and growth to everyone, regardless of experience and direction of work.

The organizing committee, chaired

by Alexey Shevchenko (PetroTrace) and Alexander Mityukov (RN Exploration), and EAGE will try their best to make your participation in the conference as rewarding as possible. Abstract submission is open until 20 May 2021.

In addition to traditional topics, such as general geology and regional sessions, geophysical research, processing and interpretation of geological and geophysical data, field geophysics and petrophysics, exploration, geomechanics, AI and machine learning, and unconventional resources, this year we are inviting

discussion on new and hot challenges for the geoscientists such as the technologies of remote work, digitalization of data processing in oil companies and government departments in the field of subsoil use, and decarbonization in the oil industry.

Registration with discounted registration fees is available until 15 June 2021, so be sure to book your spot.

Plenary sessions at Geomodel have always been provocative and inspiring.

EAGE Student Calendar 23 APR

STUDENT E-SUMMIT: DIGITALIZATION IN GEOSCIENCE

ONLINE

30 APR

EAGE GEO-QUIZ (STUDENT CHAPTERS ONLY)

ONLINE

19 MAY

STUDENT WEBINAR: GEO SKILLS FOR THE ENERGY TRANSITION,

BY SEAN MCQUAID

ONLINE

21 MAY

STUDENT WEBINAR: NOISE, BIAS AND GEOLOGY – HOW TO QUANTIFY UNCERTAINTIES FOR PROBABILISTIC SEISMIC INVERSION, BY PATRICK CONNOLLY

ONLINE

26 MAY

STUDENT E-SUMMIT: STUDENT CHAPTER COOPERATION

ONLINE

JUNE

LAURIE DAKE CHALLENGE 2021 FINAL ROUND

ONLINE

18-21 OCT

82ND EAGE ANNUAL CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION (STUDENT ACTIVITIES)

AMSTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS AND ONLINE

FOR MORE INFORMATION AND REGISTRATION PLEASE CHECK THE STUDENT SECTION AT WWW.EAGE.ORG

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EAGE NEWS

Berlin students reflect on chapter life during pandemic

Field trips are a welcome diversion.

EAGE Student Chapter Berlin from the Freie Universität Berlin consists of a multi-disciplinary group of undergraduate and postgraduate students. Having such a diverse cast of members helps us network and find common ground when working on an international scale with other student chapters. For example, a great event, despite the pandemic, was the field camp we organized and ran with Uppsala University in Sweden focused on ‘Mitigating landslide hazards: Characterization of quick clay deposits along Göta River, Sweden’.

More fun ...

Like many other chapters in the world, we are also limited in our possibilities due to the Covid-19 pandemic.

But we realized it is important to have regular meetings and plan projects for the future. A reframing of the situation was necessary and so we see the current state as an opportunity to try out new ideas.

We hope to take part in the online GeoQuiz again, as we do every year as well as host regular meetings where students can present their current Bachelor or Masters theses followed by a discussion. We want to give everyone the opportunity to improve their presentation skills and to discuss scientific topics.

To compensate for the lack of large projects, we will opt for one-day excursions that can be planned flexibly, such as to the German repository for low- to medium-level radioactive waste in the Konrad mine or the open-pit lignite mine of MIBRAG south of Leipzig. Here, we

will consider not just the purely geoscientific aspect but also the immense significance to society.

As we had an incredible and enriching experience last year through our field camp, we plan to pass on this concept to our future chapter members. We are currently in talks with the EAGE Student Chapter at the University of Rio de Janeiro for a joint field camp in Brazil in Summer 2022. The idea here is to try out and learn about the very environment-friendly exploration method deploying magnetotellurics in the field.

Every year in December there is a geophysics Christmas party at our university, which is co-organized by our student chapter. Last year it had to be

Networking via Zoom.

canceled but we hope that it can take place again this year and that we can all talk about our experiences together.

We continue to network and work on projects. Unfortunately, this also must take place online, but this does not detract from our meetings in the meantime and we still have a lot of fun.

The EAGE Student Fund supports student activities that help students bridge the gap between university and professional environments. This is only possible with the support from the EAGE community. If you want to support the next generation of geoscientists and engineers, go to donate.eagestudentfund.org or simply scan the QR code.

Many thanks for your donation in advance!

D O N AT E T O DAY !

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PERSONAL RECORD INTERVIEW

Nina Hernandez

Personal Record Interview

From under the volcano to high tech business and contemplating Mars Five years ago Nina Hernandez founded Kuala Lumpur-based Iraya Energies. The company harnesses AI techniques to extract extra value from unstructured document databases stored in oil and gas and energy sector companies. Hernandez has degrees in chemical engineering and petroleum engineering from the University of Philippines and Technical University of Denmark. In this first article in our new Personal Record interview series, she provides a glimpse into the life and times of a start-up entrepreneur.

Tell us a little about your background and how you got into geoscience?

I was born in a small village at a foot of a volcano and as a child used to watch the lava flow from our window. My first summer job as a student engineer was to repair corroding water pipes in a geothermal field close by. I thought it was very cool to wear a steel toe and be with nature at the same time, so I fell in love with the idea of measuring the earth as a profession.

for several years, which enabled us to develop the technology very fast, and we are deeply proud about that. Fast forward, Microsoft became a partner and Petronas in Malaysia came in as an institutional investor, and that changed many things for us. We were able to scale our infrastructures and professionalize our support functions so we can serve our customers better.

How did the idea for your company arise?

It was during the oil crisis of 2016 (we seem to have a lot these days). There was another round of reorganization in Schlumberger where I worked for almost 13 years, and I had to leave. The new-found time gave me an opportunity to study the latest trends in digital technology such as Netflix, Spotify, and understand how we could use those human-tech interaction principles in a very traditional industry such as oil and gas.

You are working with EAGE on EarthDoc. What would be the benefit to members?

ED2K is our very ambitious, and future-forward collaboration with EAGE. All of EarthDoc’s 70,000 articles are geotagged to 800+ basins. Natural language processing, auto-image recognition, and recommender systems are fully built-in into the ED2K system. The goal is to use decades of O&G subsurface knowledge to provide answers to some of the most pressing questions of our generation: energy sustainability, transition, and climate change. The benefits – now we can read the Earth better, and hopefully support the net zero agenda by 2050.

What were the main challenges in starting and financing your own company?

When we started in Singapore, it was already a very hip and happening place for B2C tech start-ups. However, there was a limited support system for a B2B energy deep tech like us. So Iraya bootstrapped

Your moonshot moment?

Perseverance, Nasa’s fifth rover and geologist landed on Mars on 18 February this year to seek signs of ancient life. In Iraya part of our work is using neural network techniques to detect fossils and understand biomarkers. My ‘Mars-shot’ moment is for Iraya’s technology to support space FIRST

exploration by doing what we do best – reading the earth.

Where do you see yourself in 10 years time?

I hope to see myself to be in a position where I can mentor young tech movers and be an angel investor myself, or maybe in government policymaking. I believe that the world is changing a lot these days; there are many great, benevolent tech ideas from our young people for an equitable world. We need to enable them because they will be the ones to inherit the planet that we will leave behind.

What would be your advice to young entrepreneurs?

Gain experience, do a job, work for a boss. From a practical perspective, not everyone can drop out of college and be Mark Zuckerberg, as we often have family and financial responsibilities that have to be balanced with entrepreneurship. Before founding Iraya, I learnt many things in my normal job – how to manage priorities, deal with people, sales, technique. Invest in your training and in yourself.

How do you spend your free time?

As much as possible I try to do long walks in my free time, and listen to music.

Ensuring that we take care of our physical and mental health is one of the best gifts that we can give to ourselves and families in this time.

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CROSSTALK

BY AN D R E W M c BAR N E T

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The soldier that never sleeps As long as the outcome is not calamitous, unexpected finding of Dealing with unexploded ordnance (UXO) has an obvious call unexploded Second World War bombs by hapless gardeners, espeupon the expertise of the near surface business community. The cially in the UK, always makes good local or even national media Munitions Response Meeting agenda mainly provided technology coverage. For example, a story that made it to the BBC News last updates and case studies in the US. Focus has been on the developyear told how Lulu Cirillo was digging in her garden in Weymouth, ment of ‘smart’ survey reconnaissance strategies for contaminated areas, notably increasingly sophisticated software using artificial Dorset when her spade struck a solid object. Assuming it to be a stone of some sort, she threw it across the lawn for her pet shih tzu intelligence prediction technology, the potential of drone capabilities dog to play with. Later she took it into the kitchen and scrubbed off and satellite imagery, especially to carry out larger-scale coverage the mud with a Brillo scouring pad to get a closer look. The curious more cost effectively.

Ms Cirillo then had the presence of mind to inquire on Facebook for Only one brief session was devoted to international demining ideas about what she had unearthed. She was apparently ‘absolutely and UXO. The topic undoubtedly deserves many forums of its own horrified’ to discover she may be hosting a bomb. By 9pm the same in terms of the human havoc that landmines continue to wreak on evening, army sappers had detonated the offending device under communities around the world. In 2019, at least 5554 casualties controlled conditions on a local beach. of mines/ERW were recorded: 2170 people were killed, 3357 Fortunately for Britain and most other developed countries, people were injured. The vast majority of recorded landmine/ERW casualties were civilians (80%), with children accounting for 43%. encounters with the detritus of past military conflict are few and most times, but not always, resolved without fatal results. That is not Reporting this grim roll-call, the Landmine Monitor 2020 pubthe case for the horrendous number of countries where munitions lished by the International Campaign to Ban Landmines notes the highest number of casualties was now being caused by improvised and explosives of concern (MEC), explosive remnants of war (ERW) and landmines present a real and present danger. explosive devices (IEDs), typically deployed by non-state armed How geoscience can help to mitigate this egregious subsurface groups. This is particularly problematic in terms of the international threat to so many communities around the world was touched efforts to curb the use of landmines. upon at last month’s online 1st Munitions Response Meeting in There are currently 164 signatories to the 1997 Ottawa Conconjunction with the SAGEEP meeting, co-organized by EAGE. vention, including all Nato countries apart from the US, on the Most of the programme was focused on technology and case studies prohibition of the use, stockpiling, production and transfer of in the US. Since 2001 there has been a Military Munitions Response anti-personnel mines and on their destruction. A separate treaty Programme (MMRP) within the US Department in 2010 on banning the use of cluster bombs, of Defence with the mission to protect the ‘The human aspect of which leave life-threatening debris, currently public from the potential hazards from military has 123 signatories. supervision remains a operations, both legacy and present.

Laudable as these might be, there is a crucial challenge.’

According to one US agency, in 2015, unexquestion about the value of these essentially ploded ordnance (UXO) and discarded military humanitarian conventions. Politically, critics munitions may be present at more than 5200 former ranges and argue that the mine and cluster munitions ban treaties can be seen former munitions facilities throughout the US. Nearly half of these as a challenge to the sovereignty of states and their right to defend sites require a munitions response, at an estimated cost of $14 billion themselves. This is because the agreements were largely driven by and a completion date many decades in the future. non-government organizations (NGOs) rather than working through

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CROSSTALK

the multilateral disarmament forum of the UN Conference on clearance organizations such as the UK-based Halo Trust, NorweDisarmament. Also, practically speaking, the mine ban treaty places gian People’s Aid, Swiss Foundation for Mine Action and Demira (Germany). Halo, began working in Afghanistan in 1988 after the no restriction on deeper buried anti-vehicle landmines that can, for example, blow up civilian trucks and school buses. withdrawal of Russian troops, and now has 8500 deminers active The US, China and Russia are among the 33 UN states that have in 26 programmes around the world with a turnover of £75 million in 2018-19. International funding of humanitarian mine clearance not ratified the mine ban treaty, mostly on the grounds of keeping their options open. Many of the abstaining countries actually comes primarily from United States, the European Union, Japan, comply with the provisions. The US is a case in point. In 2014 the Norway, and the Netherlands with Germany, the UK, and Denmark also significant donors.

Obama Administration said it would officially stop the production This effective outsourcing of responsibility and underfunding and acquisition of anti-personnel mines, accelerate the destruction means slow advance in anti-personnel mine clearance technology of stockpiles, and ban use of such weapons except on the Korean still reliant on decades-old geoscience, based on metal detection Peninsula. At that point US had not actually laid anti-personnel and GPR searching for difficult to detect non-metallic modern mines anywhere since 1991 and had not exported any since 1992. mines. The problem is that clearance for civilian use of land has to The US is also the world’s largest individual contributor to mine be nothing less than 100%. That makes for extremely painstaking clearance efforts. work fraught with danger and liable to time consuming false alarms.

To ensure ‘our forces are able to defend against any and all As one commentator put it, ‘mine detection boils down to rows threats’, President Trump ordered a change of policy in 2020. It perof nervous people wearing blast-resistant clothing and creeping mitted the US to develop, produce and use landmines anywhere in laboriously across a field, prodding the ground ahead to check for the world as long as they are ‘non-persistent’, that is, equipped with buried objects’. self-destruct and self-deactivation features, thereby abandoning the That’s not how it should be according to arms control and previous constraints. US landmines are said to self-destruct in two peacekeeping specialist Walter Dorn, professor days or less, in most cases four hours. of defence studies at the Royal Military College The Landmine Monitor believes 11 states ‘When it comes to of Canada (RMC) and the Canadian Forces can be classified as producers of anti-personnel mines, namely China, Cuba, India, Iran, Myan- demining contaminated College (CFC). In his 2019 paper ‘Eliminating Hidden Killers: How Can Technology Help mar, North Korea, Pakistan, Russia, Singapore, areas there is a Humanitarian Demining?’ published in StaSouth Korea, and Vietnam. Most of these counclear divide.’ bility: International Journal of Security and tries are not believed to be actively producing Development, he states: ‘Each phase of the mines but reserve the right to do so. physical demining process (i.e., vegetation clearance, mine detecThe scale of the problem and the cost of remediation are daunttion, and removal) can benefit from the development of demining ing. The estimated number of landmines per country is: Egypt (23 technologies. However, even with the prospect of ‘smart’ demining million, mostly in border regions); Angola (9-15 million); Iran (16 technology, the human aspect of supervision remains a crucial million); Afghanistan (about 10 million); Iraq (10 million); China challenge … The prioritization of military operations, a lack of (10 million); Cambodia (up to 10 million); Mozambique (about 2 coordination between governments and humanitarian actors, a million); Bosnia (2-3 million); Croatia (2 million); Somalia (up to tendency towards secrecy, and an underlying lack of funding are just 2 million in the north); Eritrea (1 million); and Sudan (1 million). some of the roadblocks’.

About 100,000 mines are removed, while two million more are Wikipedia reminds us that a great variety of methods for planted each year. Mines cost between $3 and $30, but the price of detecting landmines have already been studied. These include ‘elecremoving them is $300-1000 (this latter figure could be an underestromagnetic methods, one of which (ground penetrating radar) has timate if all factors in the demining process are taken into account. been employed in tandem with metal detectors. Acoustic methods When it comes to demining contaminated areas there is a can sense the cavity created by mine casings. Sensors have been clear divide. For military operations, an 80% area clearance developed to detect vapour leaking from landmines. Animals such (called breaching) can be acceptable. Armies have the budget and as rats and mongooses can safely move over a minefield and detect resources to deploy large armoured vehicles, usually built on a mines, and animals can also be used to screen air samples over tank-type chassis to create safe pathways through mined areas under potential minefields. Bees, plants and bacteria are also potentially combat conditions. The machines can include ploughs, flails, mine useful. Explosives in landmines can also be detected directly using clearing line charge (rocket launched) equipment and magnetic field nuclear quadrupole resonance and neutron probes’. generation.

Meanwhile as Paul Jefferson, reputedly one of the earliest The military do not have to deal with the post-combat need to humanitarian deminers, said: ‘a landmine is the perfect soldier: Ever reinstate territory impacted by ground hostilities or military defence. courageous, never sleeps, never misses’.

All too often that becomes a humanitarian mission, led by mine

Views expressed in Crosstalk are solely those of the author, who can be contacted at andrew@andrewmcbarnet.com.

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INDUSTRY NEWS

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Shearwater wins large OBN contract offshore Brazil

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Barents Sea to dominate APA 2021

PGS and Shearwater sign long-term framework agreements with Equinor for 4D surveys

Amazon Conquerer is among the vessels expected to be deployed.

Equinor has awarded PGS and Shearwater GeoServices framework agreements for a range of seismic services in a move that is expected to be copied throughout the industry.

The agreements, which have an estimated value of around $83 million, will cover 4D towed-streamer seismic acquisition on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS) for an initial two years.

‘This is a new way of working with seismic suppliers. We are moving away from annual tenders towards a more long-term collaboration model. This will ensure improved predictability and more sustainable rates for suppliers in the seismic industry that is traditionally exposed to significant cyclicity,’ said Peggy Krantz-Underland, Equinor’s chief procurement officer.

The two-year agreements — which will give the heavily leveraged seismic contractors important visibility of future earnings

in what is predicted to be a continuing uncertain market — include additional two two-year options and can also be applied for the UK continental shelf.

‘4D seismic gives us better data to map remaining oil and gas resources as the reservoirs are being produced. These contracts will help us to optimize the reservoir drainage and place new wells, and thereby achieve our ambition of recovering 60% of oil and 85% of gas on the NCS,’ said Charlotte Bøe Tjølsen, vice-president of petroleum technology operations in Equinor.

As part of the agreement, PGS is scheduled to acquire two 4D GeoStreamer monitoring surveys in 2021 over Fram and Tordis/Vigdis fields. The first survey is scheduled to start in June 2021, and the total duration for the two 2021 projects is estimated at around two and a half months.

PGS has also been awarded a specific framework agreement for 4D seismic services at the Gullfaks field in the Norwegian FIRST

North Sea. The agreement comprises an exclusive right to acquire up to three surveys prior to 2031.

Rune Olav Pedersen, president and CEO of PGS, said: ‘We operate in a cyclical industry with low visibility, and longer-term contracts improve our order book and financial predictability in a challenging seismic market. An important part of our strategy is to maintain leadership in the production 4D segment.

‘The confidence Equinor shows by awarding us these frame agreements confirms our strong position in the 4D market, the reliability of our Ramform vessels and the data quality provided by our GeoStreamer technology.’

Shearwater has been awarded an initial survey over the Heidrun Field in the Norwegian North Sea. It will allocate one of its Isometrix vessels for the one-month survey, which is expected to start in Q2.

‘Shearwater’s established leading 4D technology positions us well to deliver high-quality time-lapse measurements for Equinor. This new framework agreement provides us with increased visibility and the opportunity to optimize utilization and efficiency into the future,’ said Irene Waage Basili, CEO of Shearwater.

Equinor said: ‘PGS and Shearwater are Norwegian seismic suppliers with strong technical solutions, modern and well-equipped vessels and a good track record for Equinor.’

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INDUSTRY NEWS

Rystad predicts surge in deepwater offshore projects in next five years Offshore project commitments are expected to reach a new record of almost 600 projects in the period to 2025, according to new research from Rystad Energy that will be music to the ears of struggling seismic and oilfield contractors.

Deepwater commitments will enjoy the largest growth as their cost has now become much more competitive against greenfield continental shelf reserves.

more economically viable after day rates for drilling rigs and offshore supply vessels fell in the wake of the oil price crash in 2014 and 2015. This offers significant support for companies interested in deepwater,’ said Rajiv Chandrasekhar, energy service analyst at Rystad Energy.

Rystad Energy’s latest Offshore Cost Benchmarking Report shows that the difference in the cost of greenfield shelf

Total offshore project commitments (25% of overall capex awarded through contracts) declined in the period 20162020 to 355 projects, from 478 in 20112015. From the beginning of 2021 to the end of 2025, Rystad has forecasted 592 commitments, with growth across all water depth levels.

Although shallow water commitments will take the largest share of the total offshore project pie, rising to 356 from just 206 in the last five years, the increase is more modest, about 10%, compared to the 2011-2015 count of 323 projects. The most impressive growth is that of deepwater commitments with the number of projects rising to 181 from 106 in 2016-2020 and 115 in the five years before that, said Rystad.

Ultra-deepwater commitments will also tick up but not by similar margins, as costs still bite. Rystad is expecting about 55 projects from this year until 2025, up from 43 in the previous five years.

‘The search for large new fields in deep and remote waters became much

reserves compared to deepwater has fallen dramatically from the highs seen in 2014 – from more than $5 per barrel of oil equivalent to only around $1/boe in 2020.

In terms of greenfield expenditure, Rystad expects offshore project commitments in 2021-25 to be worth more than $480 billion, eclipsing the 2016-20 tally of around $320 billion by 50%. However, this is still well below $673 billion worth of commitments made in 2011-15.

‘We expect ultra-deepwater activity to be primarily concentrated in South America, with over 50% of the total committed value, while the Middle East is likely to lead shelf developments with 40% of the total value,’ said Rystad.

‘Deepwater investments are forecast to be less dependent on any particular region, with a quarter of greenfield expenditure expected in Europe.’

Meanwhile, Rystad research has shown that the number of offshore wildcat wells will rise over the next two years despite the fact that in 2020 the success

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rate of wildcat wells plummeted to an alltime-low of 10.6%, marking an annual decline for a fourth year in a row.

During the first half of the last decade, operators enjoyed high success rates in their wildcat drilling campaigns, of 40-60% for onshore and 30-40% for offshore.

The 2020 score ended at 24.8%, down from 28.6% in 2019 but slightly higher than the 24.1% score recorded in 2018.

‘The lack of availability of easily exploitable prospects, combined with dying exploration activity in once rich onshore areas such as the Middle East, has led to the decline in the onshore success ratio. Most of the easily mappable structural prospects with shallow reservoirs have already been thoroughly explored, leaving wildcatters to struggle primarily with technically challenging prospects,’ said Palzor Shenga, vice-president at Rystad Energy’s upstream team.

Rystad Energy said that it does not foresee a significant improvement in the onshore success ratio soon and much more activity will be focused on offshore areas. ‘Deep and ultra-deepwater areas have delivered decent success over the past couple of years,’ it said.

Although new volumes found in 2020 exceeded 10 billion barrels, only 12% of the wildcats had a volume potential greater than 250 million barrels of oil equivalent (boe). Of these, 66% targeted reservoirs in deep and ultra-deep waters, 20% were in onshore basins and the remaining 14% were in shallow waters, said Rystad.

‘In 2021, Rystad expects around 70% of the high-impact wildcats to target deepwater and ultra-deepwater plays, while 17% will be in offshore shelf areas and the remaining 13% onshore.

From about 474 onshore wildcats in 2020, Rystad Energy projects the number to fall to 253 in 2021 and rise slightly to 270 in 2022, never exceeding 300 wells per year through to 2025. The number of offshore wildcats, however, is forecast to increase to 217 in 2021 and 300 in 2022, from about 180 last year.

INDUSTRY NEWS

CGG reports fourth quarter net loss of $100 million CGG has reported a fourth quarter net loss of $100 million on operating revenues of $217 million compared to a net profit of $26 million on operating revenues of $426 million in Q4 2019.

The company made an operating loss of $58 million compared to an operating profit of $74 million in 2019.

CGG made an operating loss of $58 million a Q4 segment revenue of $283 million compared with an operating profit of $72 million on segment revenues of $396 million in Q4 2019.

Geology, Gephysics and Reservoir revenue was $176 million with an operating loss of $44 million, compared with revenue of $275 million with an operating profit of $64 million in Q4 2019.

Multi-client revenue of $101 million was up 38% quarter on quarter but down 40% year on year. The prefunding level was $70 million, up 78% quarter on quarter and down 13% year on year.

Equipment sales of $108 million compared to $123 million in Q4 2019, down 13% year on year but up 114% quarter on quarter. Operating income was $6 million compared with $16 million in Q4 2019.

For the full year of 2020, CGG reported a group net loss $438 million on

revenues of $886 million, compared to a group net loss of $61 million on group revenues of $1.35 billion in 2019.

The company reported an operating loss of $173 million on full-year segment revenues of $955 million compared with an operating profit of $244 million on segment revenues of $1.4 billion in 2019.

Non-recurring charges of $61 million were booked in the fourth quarter of 2020. Over the full year of 2020 non-recurring charges of $269 million were booked.

The groups liquidity at 31 December 2020 was $385 million while net debt was $1 billion.

Sophie Zurquiyah, CGG CEO, said: ‘In the particularly challenging year of 2020, which saw the collapse of the oil and gas market across the second and third quarters, we finished the year with solid fourth quarter operational performance. During 2020 we successfully completed our exit from the acquisition business while continuing to advance our high-end geoscience technologies for reservoir development and production. We also delivered our multi-client surveys in the industry’s core mature sedimentary basins and

released new products while reinforcing our market leadership in equipment.

Our initiatives towards energy transition are accelerating with the development and commercialization of new business

Sophie Zurquiyah, CGG CEO.

offerings, along with our announced target to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050.

Looking forward, as global economies continue to recover and with oil price stabilizing above $50/bbl, we expect CGG’s performance to benefit from the proactive cost reduction actions and gradually strengthen in the second half of the year, delivering positive net cash flow in 2021.’

PGS releases final data offshore Malaysia

Final data is now available for the entire Sabah area, including the phase 5 sector (marked in orange).

PGS has released final imaging products on all parts of the giant Sabah multi-client project, enabling AVO analysis of prospects and leads within the entire offshore Sabah Basin.

Phase 5 covers the inboard trend of the Sabah basin, providing imaging of Miocene-Pliocene turbidite complexes where reservoirs are trapped in the complex fold and thrust structures, as well as stratigraphic settings. This structural trend has produced many discoveries.

Tad Choi, PGS sales and new ventures manager for Asia said of the survey covering several of the blocks on offer in the recently announced 2021 Malaysian Bidding Round (MBR): ‘The new, fully AVO-compliant dataset for Phase 5 will improve understanding of the complex geology across the Sabah Trough and the Fold and Thrust Belt terranes, enabling advanced QI workflows to derisk reservoir presence and variability.’

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Phase 5 was acquired by PGS in 2020 and brings the total coverage to 47,000 km2. PGS said the Sabah project would continue to expand on the expectation of new licensing opportunities offshore Malaysia. The consortium partners are planning further shallow-water acquisition inboard in 2021.

Meanwhile, PGS said that it is experiencing an increase of seismic acquisition project activity. Based on project awards so far, PGS has started preparations to reactivate Ramform Vanguard for the summer season, with acquisition expected to commence in April. In addition, PGS will activate Sanco Swift to be used as a source vessel for at least three months on awarded projects.

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Norway launches streamlined digital platform for reporting seismic surveys The Norwegian Petroleum Directorate has launched a digital platform for reporting geophysical surveys.

The new system will streamline reporting of geophysical surveys and ensure that all players in the fisheries and the oil industry have a complete overview of data acquisition, both planned and current, as well as which companies are involved. Users can follow case processing in real-time.

New and enhanced mapping technology has made it easier to visualize reported

Torgeir Stordal, NPD director technology and coexistence.

plans and to give good ‘snapshots’ of the activity, said the NPD. At the same time, the system provides an overview of fisheries and spawning fields, making it easier for companies planning geophysical data acquisition to schedule their surveys in a way that can be adapted to the fishing industry.

The NPD said its existing digital solution for companies to report their plans for collecting geophysical data on the Norwegian was a ‘cumbersome system which did not accommodate newer digital technology’.

All parties with permits for acquiring geophysical data on the Norwegian Shelf must report their plans to the authorities at least five weeks before they plan to start the activity. The companies must report when they plan to collect data, in which area, what type of survey (for example, seismic or electromagnetic surveys), and also specify what type of equipment they will use. Changes are often reported in the plans once they are under way.

Alongside the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate (NPD), both the Directorate of Fisheries (Fdir) and the Institute of Marine Research (HI) are consultation bodies in the work on geophysical surveys.

‘We process around 500 reports and change reports every year. Since these reports have been processed manually until now, this has been time-consuming work with numerous letters, phone calls and a lot of emails back and forth across the agencies,’ said NPD director technology and coexistence, Torgeir Stordal.

Seismic contracting and data companies were consulted prior to development of the system and certain requirements were established for functional solutions based on user input, said the NPD. The reporting system is the first interactive solution developed for external users on the NPD’s new IT platform, and Library of the Norwegian Continental Shelf.

The information can be found on npd. no. Users can log in securely via altinn.no

CGG to shoot new survey in the Northern North Sea CGG has announced phase two of its multi-client 3D survey in the Northern North Sea that will add a second azimuth over CGG’s existing Northern Viking Graben (NVG) multi-client 3D survey and extend coverage into the UKCS. Starting in early May and continuing throughout the North Sea season, the 2021 phase two acquisition will add approx. 8000 km2 of new data in an E-W direction. Similar to the 2020 phase one, multi-component technology will be used for the acquisition, and this new data will be processed together with the existing N-S data, using CGG’s latest velocity modelling and imaging technology, to produce a dual-azimuth volume.

As already confirmed by initial results from the 2020 phase one acquisition, the added azimuth will enable CGG’s proprietary processing to address

and improve the imaging of the multi-directional fault patterns prevalent in the region. Improved resolution will help to resolve complex and marginal reservoir stratigraphy.

Fast-track data from the phase two acquisition are expected to be available by the end of 2021, and final processed data during the second half of 2022.

Sophie Zurquiyah, CEO, CGG, said: ‘With phase two of our planned multi-year project, CGG continues to follow its strategic path of expanding and enhancing its data library in mature and prolific hydrocarbon regions. This expansion draws on CGG’s extensive understanding of the Northern Viking Graben and builds on our 44,000 km2 of existing coverage in the Northern North Sea. The new data will further de-risk existing fields and unlock the significant remaining near-field potential.’

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Map showing the location of CGG’s new Northern Viking Graben extension survey.

INDUSTRY NEWS

3D at Depth moves into geophysical surveys

Shearwater wins contracts offshore Norway, Australia and Angola

3D at Depth will provide surveys for offshore wind farms.

3D at Depth has launched an offshore Geophysical Survey Services division.

The division will provide surveys in the areas of offshore wind farms, pipeline routes, environmental site surveys, offshore hydrocarbon projects, and civil engineering.

The Geophysical Survey Service division is supported by a team of 3D data specialists, geophysical and hydrographic professionals providing a multi-disciplined approach to guide, identify and analyse data acquisition initiatives across survey campaigns, said 3D at Depth.

The Geophysical Survey Services division will leverage 3D at Depth’s in-house electronics, system integration, and design capabilities as key differentiators. The company’s patented Subsea LiDAR (SL) 3D laser data sets will be merged with multibeam echosounder (MBES) multi-frequency, multi-spectral data acquisition and optical technologies to enable more robust, higher-quality output, said 3D at Depth.

Deepwater offshore, inshore, and nearshore projects will use 3D at Depth’s integrated autonomous or tethered underwater vehicle and vessel-mounted survey solution. The fully integrated solution incorporates a hovering supervised autonomous AUV/ROV package and takes advantage of 3D at Depth’s Subsea LiDAR (SL) laser with remote sensing technology – inertial navigation coupled with a multibeam echosound-

er and pipeline and hydrocarbon leak detection sensors.

‘Since the company formation, we’ve focused on developing flexible site and subsea asset characterization technologies designed to reduce crew time and dramatically lower CO2 emissions, while increasing the speed and quality of the results,’ said Neil Manning, COO of 3D at Depth. ‘By deploying smaller, more efficient vessels that can be operated safely outside the 500 m zone or offshore exclusion areas without sacrificing data quality is a differentiator. When we looked at the problem, we found a gap in the geophysical market for this type of implementation that delivers cost-efficient surveys that still provide maximum data quality. Specifically, we have used a solution from our deep-water technology portfolio to meet the current requirements of the shallow-water survey market.

3D at Depth recently completed a big project for post-hurricane NTL surveys in the Gulf of Mexico for a large US-based pipeline company. The project continues with expanded requirements.

‘Geophysical and geotechnical capabilities for the projects will be available from vessel-mounted or subsea vehicle-mounted methods to allow for both long and close-range inspections which enable a blend of efficient data collection and high data quality to meet and exceed the demands from the end-users,’ said 3D at Depth.

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Shearwater has won a contract or an ocean bottom seismic (OBS) 4D survey from Aker BP at the Ivar Aasen field in the Norwegian North Sea. The survey will commence in Q2 2021 and will employ Shearwater’s multi-purpose vessels the SW Cook and SW Tasman, using proprietary technology. The project duration is approx. 1 month.

Meanwhile, Shearwater has won a contract for a 3D multi-sensor marine seismic survey in the Otway Basin, offshore Australia.

The two-month survey is expected to start in Q3 2021 covering an estimated 2700 km2, employing the vessel Geo Coral using a multisensor streamer system with a variable streamer spacing configuration.

‘We see a solid, consistent level of activity in Australia where we have multiple projects booked in 2021, said Basili. ‘We observe increasing regional demand for our vessels equipped with high-end technology, which is reflected in backlog and utilization.’

Finally, Shearwater has won a contract for a 4D monitor marine seismic acquisition survey in Angola from Total.

‘We have seen a notable increase in interest for 4D technology for our clients’ planned projects in 2021, which is demonstrated by the award of this project in West Africa’, said Irene Waage Basili, CEO of Shearwater.

The survey comprises a twomonth project on the GJDR Development area of Block 17 commencing in Q1 2021.

One of Shearwater’s multi-sensor equipped vessels will be used for the survey in conjunction with source vessels from the Shearwater fleet.

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ION reports fourth quarter net loss of $13 million ION Geophysical has reported a net loss of $13 million on revenues of $27 million in the fourth quarter of 2020, compared to net loss of $14.5 million on revenues of $43 million in Q4 2019.

Revenues for the full year 2020 were $122.7 million compared to $174.7 million in 2019. However, the net loss for the full year 2020 was $37.2 million compared to $48.2 million in 2019.

Net loss improved by $11 million primarily due to the $38 million of structural changes and cost reductions implemented during the first half of 2020.

E&P Technology & Services segment revenues were $19.9 million in Q4 2020 compared to $29.7 million for fourth quarter 2019. Multi-client revenues were $17.2 million, a decrease of 27%. Imaging and Reservoir Services revenues were $2.8 million, a 55% decrease year on year.

Operations Optimization segment revenues were $7.4 million for the fourth quarter of 2020 compared to $13million for Q4 2019. Optimization Software &

Services revenues were $3.3 million, a 39% decline year on year. Devices revenues were $4 million, a 46% decline year on year owing to lower sales of towed streamer equipment spares and repairs. Operating expenses were $11.7 million, compared to $15.1 million in the fourth quarter 2019.

Chris Usher, the company’s president and chief executive officer, said: ‘During the second half of the year, we began to fully benefit from the refocused strategy, restructuring and cost reductions we outlined in early 2020, which helped to partially mitigate the impact of reduced E&P spending triggered by the pandemic across the oilfield service market.

‘We successfully acquired the initial phase of our Mid North Sea High 3D multi-client programme and built backlog for the significantly larger second phase this summer. We commercialized our proprietary Gemini extended frequency source technology, a key ingredient for improving 3D subsurface imaging in complex geological settings, where some of the most

TGS unveils new management team

Jan Schoolmeesters, EVP operations and new energy solutions.

TGS has announced several management changes in line with the company’s reorganisation.

Jan Schoolmeesters has been put in charge of its New Energy

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Solutions (NES) business unit, established to pursue opportunities related to the energy transition.

Will Ashby and David Hajovksy will lead the new Eastern Hemisphere and Western Hemisphere units of TGS’ Oil and Gas Insights division, which consists of multi-client seismic and well data products.

Whitney Eaton has been promoted to the executive management team to further enhance the company’s focus on environmental, social and governance issues (ESG).

Rune Eng has stepped down from his role as EVP international and has assumed an advisory role until his retirement on 1 September 2021.

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attractive E&P investment areas reside.

The combination of our strategic entry into the 3D new acquisition multi-client market and commercialization of Gemini enabled us to increase our backlog during the last two quarters, reversing several consecutive quarters of steady decline. We continued to build on our portfolio of low-cost, high-return 3D reimaging programmes and started benefiting commercially from the global 2D data collaboration we signed with PGS. In addition, we installed our first Marlin SmartPort system and won a highly competitive tender for 17 additional ports.

‘While clients are still setting budgets, analysts expect the offshore E&P market to modestly improve in 2021 as the year unfolds and the digitalization trend to continue growing at a rapid pace.

At December 31, 2020, backlog was $19.7 million or 11% higher sequentially and 4% higher than last year. The company’s liquidity of $44.9 million consisted of $37.5 million of cash (including borrowing).

Sercel breaks 100,000 barrier with 508XT channels in India Sercel has increased the market position of its 508XT land seismic acquisition system in India. The system is currently being deployed by more than 30 crews, representing a total of more than 110,000 508XT channels countrywide.

Based on Sercel’s cross-technology (X-Tech) architecture, the 508XT land seismic acquisition system enables automatic data rerouting and local storage for seamless and uninterrupted operations.

Ashutosh Kumar, CEO, Asian Energy, said: ‘We have been using the 508XT since 2018 and more recently strengthened our relationship with repeat orders for a large contract. After careful evaluation, we have found the 508XT to be the best system available, in terms of its robustness, faultfree operations and lower operational cost comparatively, coupled with good technical support.’

INDUSTRY NEWS

TGS prepares for offshore wind revolution

An offshore windfarm under construction off the English coast at sunset.

TGS has predicted that 2021 will be a bumper year for the offshore wind industry as the company prepares to devote more of its geoscience resources to the sector.

‘Already this year there have been a number of eye-catching announcements that indicate a positive direction of travel for the sector and bodes well for considerable growth in the near-term and the years beyond,’ the company said.

‘One of the industries that are best placed to take advantage of offshore wind’s growth is the oil and gas industry, with its unique history of decades of

shallow and deepwater field development.

From fabricators and seismic operators to construction specialists and shippers, a large number of oil and gas companies are swiftly making the transition over to the offshore wind market due to the alignment of the skills required for both industries.’

TGS pointed to the auction of seabed plots for offshore windfarms off the coasts of England and Wales and two windfarm sites in the Irish Sea that are attracting bids of some $200 million each.

Meanwhile, the Danish government confirmed that it had taken a majority stake in a £25 billion artificial ‘energy

island,’ due to be built 80 km offshore, in the middle of the North Sea. The energy hub will be the largest construction project in Danish history. Alongside an additional wind hub on the Baltic island of Bornholm, the two hubs will initially support 5GW of wind generation and triple Denmark’s installed offshore wind to as much as 12GW. Finally, Shell has signed an agreement with Irish marine renewables developer, Simply Blue Energy to acquire a 51% share in a floating wind farm to be built in the vicinity of the Kinsale gas fields off the southern Irish coast, which are being decommissioned. As floating wind technology can be installed in deep waters, it will allow the Emerald Project to be sited between 35 km and 60 km offshore, while reducing any visual impact, said TGS. ‘These and other recent heavyweight announcements prove that Europe is now a clear leading force in offshore wind and other green technologies that power the energy transition.’ TGS said.

In 2020, the European Commission laid out its Green Deal to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. As part of this goal, it stated a need to increase offshore wind capacity to 300GW for the continent’s targeted carbon reductions to be met.

The EU has highlighted its €672.5bn ($800 million) Recovery and Resilience Facility, of which it has earmarked a minimum of 37% towards green transition, said TGS.

Fugro performs geochemical survey offshore Suriname Fugro is conducting a seep survey and geochemical campaign in Block 48, offshore Suriname, for Petronas.

The survey vessel MV Fugro Brasilis is conducting geophysical data collection, heat flow measurements, core sampling and onboard geochemical analyses, which aim to optimize future exploration activities in this frontier area. The fieldwork will run through Q1 2021 with subsequent geochemical

analyses and final reports delivered in May 2021.

Brian Hottman, Fugro’s director for Caribbean and Pacific South America, said: ‘The Suriname-Guyana Basin is shaping up to be a world-class petroleum system, and Petronas is poised to be a major player in this region, as demonstrated by their successful results from the Sloanea-1 exploration well located in Block 52. We look forward to supporting

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MV Fugro Brasilis will perform the survey.

their continued success in the region by defining high-potential areas within Block 48.’

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Petronas launches Malaysia Bid Round 2021

Petronas' Satu floating LNG facility at the Kebabangan cluster field offshore Sabah.

Petronas is offering 13 offshore exploration blocks in its Malaysia Bid Round (MBR) 2021, including six discovered fields. This year’s MBR offering also features of four deepwater blocks adjacent to the coast of Sarawak and Sabah in which there have been prominent exploration discoveries in recent years.

Petronas senior vice-president of Malaysia Petroleum Management (MPM) Mohamed Firouz Asnan said: ‘MBR 2021 will feature significant enhancements which include larger block areas coupled with flexible bidding options and low entry costs. We will also be offering new fiscal terms to be applied in the Production Sharing Contracts (PSC) such

as Enhanced Profitability (EPT) for the shallow water blocks, the Late Life Assets (LLA) and Small Field Assets (SFA) which are designed to match the risk and rewards of the investments with the type of assets available.

‘These terms have been formulated based on the feedback from industry players, taking into account market conditions.’

Out of the 13 blocks, three are situated in the Malay basin (PM340, PM327 and PM342), four in the Sabah basin (SB409, SB412, 2W and X) and the remaining six are located in Sarawak basin (ND3A, SK4E, SK328, SK427, SK439 and SK440). Included in blocks PM342, SK4E, SK328 and SB409 are six

discovered fields as a base for investors to explore more. MBR 2021 also features the offering of four deepwater blocks (ND3A, 4E, 2W and X) off the coast of Sarawak and Sabah in which there have been significant discoveries in recent years.

At the same time, Petronas is offering three large areas for seismic study. First is the area to the south of the Malay Basin in Peninsular Malaysia with Pre-Tertiary and basement emerging plays yet to be explored. The second and third areas cover the deepwater north of Luconia that extends north easterly to Sabah which could extend proven plays.

Petronas senior vice-president of Malaysia Petroleum Management (MPM) Mohamed Firouz Asnan, said: ‘As an industry, we need to continue with exploration activities to seize the immense opportunities that the energy transition presents. If we don’t, we would then position ourselves out of the new energy equation.’

Petronas will host a virtual data room until 6 August 2021. The bid evaluation exercise is expected to take place between August and September 2021. PSCs will be awarded before the end of the year. www.petronas.com/mpm/.

Magseis Fairfield reports signs of recovery in market as it publishes latest results Magseis Fairfield has reported fourth quarter revenue of $4.4 million and $193.4 million for the full year of 2020.

EBITA was $12.2 million and $38.4 million for the full year of 2020, excluding $2.9 million of restructuring costs.

Order backlog increased to $198 million, up 17% from Q3 and 20% from year-end 2019. The company’s net cash position is $21.9 million For the full year 2020, the company showed higher gross margins of 32% and higher EBITDA, a positive operating cash flow and increased backlog, despite lower revenue and a challenging market environment.

‘Revenue increased slightly quarter on quarter with continued healthy gross margins, and we reached our targets for the previously announced cost and capex cuts, said Magseis Fairfield CEO Carel Hooijkaas. ‘At the same time, we saw an increasing order backlog and have continued to receive new contract awards also in the first quarter of 2021. There are signs of the market improving and we are indeed seeing an increased tender activity for 2021 projects in our core areas in the Gulf of Mexico and the North Sea. We potentially see higher utilization of the node inventory than previously anticipated.’

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The market outlook for the OBN market is more positive from 2020 to 2021 than earlier presented, said Magseis Fairfield, and the company continues to see growth beyond 2021 due to increasing spend in greenfield and brownfield projects.

Magseis Fairfield said it is also exploring new market opportunities in the energy transition. The wholly owned subsidiary Magseis Renewables will be used as a vehicle to address the long-term market opportunities for OBN solutions in areas such as offshore carbon capture and storage (CCS), windfarm placements, and mineral mining.

INDUSTRY NEWS

PGS starts 3D survey in Lower Congo basin

Ramform Atlas is towing 10 densely spaced streamers each more than 8-km long near the plume of the Congo River.

PGS has begun a new fully prefunded mulit-client 3D survey in the Lower Congo Basin, near the river plume of the Congo in Angola Block 1/14. The acquisition phase will continue until April and fast-track data is expected in October 2021.

The vessel Ramform Atlas is acquiring high-density 3D GeoStreamer data using a 10x8 025 m streamer spread. The survey, in cooperation with ANPG, is designed to increase understanding of the prolific Lower Congo Basin. The block 1/14 survey provides the first 3D data in the area.

PGS is currently evaluating a series of new acquisition projects within the Lower Congo Basin.

Exploration targets in the Lower Congo Basin are found in several stratigraphic intervals. The post-salt section contains the proven Miocene play with numerous producing oil fields. The Upper Cretaceous remains relatively underexplored with multiple opportunities identified. The presalt section has had minimal exploration activity but vintage data indicates considerable potential.

CGG threatens legal action against rebel shareholder A rebel shareholder in CGG has attempted to convene meetings that he claims would authorize him to lodge third party appeals against the ruling approving CGG group’s ‘safeguard plan’ of 24 November 2020.

On 1 February Jean Gatty published in the Bulletin des Annonces Légales Obligatoires two notices convening the general meetings of holders of convertible bonds (Oceanes) 2019 and 2020.

‘CGG challenges the validity of holding these meetings and of any decision that may be taken in this context.

In reality, the Oceanes 2019 and 2020 have been repaid by conversion into CGG shares on 21 February 2018 as part

of the implementation of the safeguard plan, which is now final. Therefore, the Oceanes 2019 and 2020, as well as the corresponding masses of bondholders, no longer exist.’

CGG said that Gatty had also informed it that he had filed, through JG Capital Management, a complaint on 2 February 2021, relating to the terms of the group’s financial restructuring approved in 2017.

‘CGG entirely rejects the allegations contained in this complaint and intends to take all necessary legal action against these new destabilization attempts from Mr Gatty, including filing a complaint for slanderous denunciation,’ the company said in a statement.

Shearwater wins large OBN contract offshore Brazil Shearwater GeoServices has won a big contract for deepwater Ocean Bottom Node seismic acquisition for the Tupi and Iracema projects in the Santos Basin offshore Brazil.

This will be the largest OBN seismic survey in Brazil at the Tupi field, considered Brazil’s first super-giant oil field.

Shearwater described it is a base survey for potential future 4D surveys. ‘OBN is an exciting, growing and future-oriented sub-segment of the marine seismic industry. It reflects our

scale, high-end vessels and dedication to technology, and represents a substantial addition to our backlog,’ said Irene Waage Basili, the CEO of Shearwater GeoServices.

The Tupi and Iracema surveys will start in Q3 2021 and are expected to last approx. nine months. They cover a total of 2882 km2, utilizing deepwater ocean bottom nodes deployed by ROV and Shearwater’s 3x3 nine-string triple source. Shearwater will use the SW Diamond and one additional vessel to execute the contract.

Shearwater will deploy its SW Diamond vessel for the contract. © Shearwater GeoServices.

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Searcher carries out airborne survey in Queensland, Australia for mining company Searcher Seismic is expanding into the mining sector with the completion of an airborne exploration survey in Queensland for Longreach Mineral Exploration.

The new airborne magnetic and radiometric geophysical survey was acquired over Longreach’s exploration permit (EPM27423), located approximately 40 km northeast of Clermont, Queensland.

The survey covers 387 km2 and includes 8770 km of data acquisition lines.

Searcher was contracted by Longreach to assist with project management.

Searcher’s input included project planning and survey design, sourcing and contracting Magspec Airborne Surveys as the principal contractor for management and quality control of the acquisition, processing and interpretation of the final data.

Helen Anderson, vice president of minerals for Searcher said: ‘Searcher’s

Searcher has acquired 8770 km of acquisition lines. © Searcher.

extensive knowledge and experience in the petroleum industry is transferable to the mineral sector. We were able to

Norway has 8 billion m3 of oil left to exploit The Norwegian Petroleum Directorate projects that there are 8 billion standard cubic metres of oil equivalent (Sm3 o.e.) left to produce on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS). This corresponds to around 19 times the volume that will be produced from the Johan Sverdrup field in the North Sea. Of the remaining resources on the NCS, 4.2 billion Sm3 o.e, or 52%, are proven. Unproven resources are estimated at 3.8 billion Sm3 o.e.

Total proven and unproven petroleum resources on the NCS are estimated at 15.8 billion Sm3 o.e.

This is 28 million Sm3 more than as of 31 December 2019.

According to May Karin Mannes, the NPD’s director of analysis and data management, 49% of the resources, or 7.8 billion Sm3 o.e, have been sold and delivered.

Production on the Norwegian shelf in 2020 was 229 million Sm3 o.e

Johan Sverdrup field in the North Sea.

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apply this to assist Longreach Mineral Exploration to achieve their exploration goals.’

Eni pledges to go net zero Eni is the latest oil and gas company to commit to net zero by 2050.

Presenting the company’s strategic plan for 2021-2024, Eni CEO Claudio Descalzi introduced a target for absolute emissions of -25% at 2030 vs 2018 and -65% at 2040.

He also introduced new targets for net zero carbon intensity by 2050 of -15% at 2030 instead of 2035. Reduction will reach -40% in 2040.

The company’s installed renewable capacity will be 15GW by 2030.

Meanwhile, Eni reported adjusted operating profit of $2.3 billion in the full year ($0.6 billion in the fourth quarter), which decreased by $8.2 billion.

Adjusted net profit was $80 million in the quarter. For the full year the adjusted net result was a loss of $900 million.

In 2020, net organic capital expenditures were $6 billion (down by $3.2 billion from 2019). Opex was reduced by $2.3 billion compared to the pre-Covid level.

INDUSTRY NEWS

Schlumberger digitizes Egypt’s historical seismic data The Egyptian Ministry of Petroleum and Schlumberger have launched the Egypt Upstream Gateway to digitalize the country’s subsurface information.

The digital platform will also enable global access to the country’s historical subsurface data, which has been enhanced through reprocessing and new studies.

The Egypt Upstream Gateway provides digital access to more than 100 years’ worth of accumulated national onshore and offshore seismic, non-seismic, well-log, production, and additional subsurface data under a single platform. This data can be accessed

using the platform’s online portal. In addition, the Egypt Upstream Gateway will host the country’s upcoming bid round highlighting lease availability information to national and international investors worldwide.

Rajeev Sonthalia, president, Digital & Integration, Schlumberger, said: ‘With the launch of this industry-first platform, the Egyptian Ministry of Petroleum and its affiliates — EGPC, EGAS, GANOPE — can digitally showcase national assets to investors worldwide, in addition to leveraging the latest digital technology and solutions to accelerate discovery throughout the country.’

Barents Sea to dominate Norway’s APA 2021

The US Bureau of Ocean Energy Management has postponed the Gulf of Mexico Lease Sale 257 that was due to take place last month. President Joe Biden’s Executive Order 14008 on tackling the climate crisis effectively issued a moratorium on oil and gas leasing on public lands and offshore waters until completion of a comprehensive review of federal oil and gas activities.

Magseis Fairfield has won a new deep-water 4D Ocean Bottom Node (OBN) monitor survey in the US Gulf of Mexico for a repeat customer. The survey will be conducted with its ZXPLR technology, currently in use for projects in the same geographical area. Start-up is expected to be mid-Q2 2021, and the project will run for approx. two months.

Axxis Geo Solutions, the pure-play ocean bottom node seismic company, has failed to reach agreement with all creditors in order to implement a voluntary solution to refinance the company. Consequently, the company will file for court-protected reconstruction. The group of investors has expressed continued support for the company as part of a reconstruction process.

Barents sea, offshore Norway, where 70 blocks are expected to be offered.

Norway has launched a public consultation ahead of its licensing round APA 2021 (Award in Pre-defined Areas) in which the vast majority of the blocks on offer will be in the Barents Sea. It is proposing to tender a further 84 new blocks in the APA area: four in the North Sea, 10 in the Norwegian Sea and 70 in the Barents Sea. The country aims to implement APA 2021 in line with the usual schedule.

That means announcement with an application deadline in the third quarter of 2021 and award in January 2022.

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Meanwhile, seven companies have applied for production licences in the 25th licensing round on the Norwegian Shelf, which comprises nine areas outside the APA areas. They are: Shell, Equinor, Idemitsu Petroleum, Ineos, Lundin, OMV, and Vår Energi.

The round was announced on 19 November 2020 and includes one area in the Norwegian Sea and eight in the Barents Sea. The Ministry of Petroleum and Energy aims to award new production licences in the ‘first part of this year’.

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Egypt has announced the start of an oil and gas bid round in 24 blocks.The round, which concludes on 1 August, includes nine blocks in the Mediterranean Sea, 12 in the Western Desert and three in the Gulf of Suez. The tenders are being offered by the Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation (EGPC) and Egyptian Natural Gas (EGAS).

Earthmoves, the geological consultancy specialising in frontier oil exploration and salt tectonics, has ceased trading. Its founder Ian Davidson will remain active in research and the website will continue.

The UK Oil and Gas Authority (OGA) has received an application for a carbon dioxide appraisal and storage licence pursuant to Chapter 3 of the Energy Act 2008, in the Southern North Sea of the UK Continental Shelf.

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INDUSTRY NEWS

IAGC appoints new board to be chaired by TGS’ CEO The International Association of Geophysical Contractors has elected TGS CEO Kristian Johansen board chairman along with Magseis Fairfield CEO Carel Hooijkaas as vice chairman. Other board members elected were Rebecca Pitman of Shearwater as treasurer, Tana Pool of TGS as secretary and legal committee chair and Nikki Martin as IAGC president.

Directors elected by the members for two-year terms from February 2021 to February 2023 are: Colin Murdoch (CGG), Joe Dryer (Fairfield Geotechnologies), Rune Olav Pedersen (PGS),

Kristian Johansen (CEO, TGS) takes the helm as the IAGC chairman of the board of directors.

Stephan Midenet (Seabed Geosolutions) and Mike Faust (SAExploration).

Ex-officio director appointments include Tom Kipling (TGS) as Asia

Pacific chairman, Vince Thielen (CGG) as data licensing chairman, Peter Wijnen (PGS) as EAME chairman and Graeham MacKenzie (CGG) as HSSE chairman.

‘As the IAGC continues to support a strong, viable G&E industry and to explore expansion opportunities that support the energy transition essential to meeting the world’s energy demand, the board’s keen insight, innovation, and direction will have a great impact on the industry and our association,’ said Nikki Martin, president of the IAGC.

DMT shoots 2D survey for geothermal project in Germany DMT is carrying out a 2D survey to analyse the potential of geothermal energy in Hagen, Germany.

Two seismic profile lines, each 11 km long, have been measured in the urban areas of Hagen, Dortmund, Herdecke and Schwerte on behalf of Kabel Premium Pulp & Paper from Hagen, together with the Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Infrastructure and Geothermal Energy IEG. The aim is to find out whether the location in Hagen is suitable for using geothermal energy at a depth of 4000 m both technically and economically.

Kabel Premium has set itself the goal of covering large parts of its process steam generation – currently around 500,000

MWh annually on the basis of natural gas – with renewable energies.

The first profile line runs from the northeast to the southwest, for the most part on the A1 motorway (Schwerte driveway to the Eichenkamp rest area), the second profile line extends from Schwerte-Ergste in the southeast via Dortmund-Syburg and Herdecke to Dortmund-Kirchhörde in the northwest.

A few days before the measuring vehicles left the route on 20 February, geoscientists distributed the geophones along the route. The geophones were collected on 24 February.

The research project and the seismic investigation are funded by the state of

Seismic trucks have acquired data in Hagen.

North Rhine-Westphalia and the European Union.

Find out more at: https://www.kabelpaper.de/kabel-zero.

ION agrees financial restructuring with shareholders ION Geophysical has completed its direct offering of 2,990,001 shares at $3.50 per share. The company intends to use the $10.5 million raised, excluding transaction expenses, for working capital.

Chris Usher, ION’s president and chief executive officer, said, ‘It strengthens our balance sheet and provides additional flexibility to manage the business through the tail end of the pandemic. We

continue to proceed with the upcoming bond restructuring transactions and associated rights offering, pending shareholder approval, in early April.’

On 22 January the company’s shareholders voted 98% in favour of proposed bond restructuring, and 96% in favour of the associated increase to our available shares of common stock. It has also secured more than $20 million in backstop support for its rights offering,

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which supporting bondholders had laid down a condition of their participation in the upcoming bond exchange offer.

To address the upcoming maturity of the $120.6 million Second Lien Notes on 15 December 2021, ION executed a restructuring agreement in late December. The deal will extend the bond maturity by four years to December 2025 with a lower 8% interest rate.

Special Topic

UNCONVENTIONALS AND PASSIVE SEISMIC Large-scale exploration of shale oil and gas in America has driven innovation in the unconventionals sector in the past few years and some of the latest developments will be showcased here. Meanwhile, interest in passive seismic techniques, such as microseismic monitoring has continued to grow, driven by the success of such techniques in providing insights into subsurface geomechanical processes.

Vasilii Ryzhov et al demonstrate the offshore deployment, acquisition and applicability of LFS to delineate hydrocarbon deposits in the North Sea. They show how low-frequency seismic sounding (LFS) technology has the potential to delineate oil and gas reservoirs to derisk drilling decisions and shorten the appraisal and development timeframe.

Joshua Richard Williams et al discuss the development of an artificial neural network for classifying seismic triggers as events or blasts using source parameters estimated in real-time.

Thomas L. Davis answers the question as to what natural fractures tell us about the origins of faulting in the Wattenberg Field in the Denver Basin.

D Kühn et al present recent work on reservoir-triggered seismicity (RTS) from Koyna, western India, a prominent site where a large artificial water reservoirtriggered earthquake of magnitude 6.3 occurred on 10 December 1967.

Majid Nasehi demonstrates potential for enhanced oil recovery in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB).

Stephen A. Sonnenberg demonstrates how unconventional-style completions have unlocked resources in the Three Forks play comprising the Bakken petroleum system, a giant, continuous accumulation in the Williston Basin.

They demonstrate the effective deployment of horizontal drilling and multi-stage hydraulic fracture stimulation.

Submit an article

Special Topic overview January

Land Seismic

First Break Special Topics are covered by a mix of original articles dealing with case studies and the latest technology. Contributions to a Special Topic in First Break can be sent directly to the editorial office (firstbreak@eage.org). Submissions will be considered for publication by the editor.

February

Reservoir Monitoring

March

Modelling / Interpretation

April

Unconventionals and Passive Seismic

May

Global Exploration Hotspots

June

Geoscience & Engineering in the Energy Transition

It is also possible to submit a Technical Article to First Break. Technical Articles are subject to a peer review process and should be submitted via EAGE’s ScholarOne website: http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/fb

July

Digital Transformation in Geoscience

August

Near Surface Geo Mining

September

Reservoir Characterization

October

Delivering for the Energy Challenge: Today and Tomorrow

November

Marine Seismic & EM

December

Data Management and Processing

You can find the First Break author guidelines online at www.firstbreak.org/guidelines.

More Special Topics may be added during the course of the year.

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CALENDAR OF EVENTS 26-30 APRIL 2021

Engineering and Mining Geology 2021

Gelendzhik, Russia and online www.eage.org

April 2021 5-6 Apr

EAGE/SPE Workshop 2021: Shale Science New Challenges www.eage.org

Moscow

6 Apr

EAGE Online Event on Hydrocarbon Prospectivity of the Northern Emirates www.eage.org

Online

8 Apr

Geochemistry Support for Geothermal Projects www.eage.org

Online

12‑14 Apr

EAGE Workshop on Quantifying Uncertainty in Depth Imaging www.eage.org

Online

19‑22 Apr

IOR 2021 www.eage.org

Online

19‑23 Apr

EAGE Asia Pacific Virtual Geoscience Week www.eage.org

Online

19-30 Apr

vEGU General Assembly 2021 www.egu21.eu

Online

20, 27 Apr & 4, 11 May

EAGE Online Series: Putting Carbon Underground - Key Strategies to Reach Net Zero Emissions www.eage.org

Online

26‑30 Apr

Engineering and Mining Geophysics 2021 www.eage.org

Gelendzhik and online

Russia

26‑30 Apr

Marine Technologies 2021 www.eage.org

Gelendzhik and online

Russia

26‑30 Apr

Engineering and Mining Geology 2021 www.eage.org

Gelendzhik and online

Russia

27 Apr

EAGE Workshop on Geophysics in Environmental Studies www.eage.org

Gelendzhik and online

Russia

EAGE Events

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May 2021 6-7 May

First EAGE/VAPA Online Forum: Venezuela’s Upstream to Downstream Past, Present and Future www.eage.org

Online

17 May

Seismic 2021 www.spe-aberdeen.org/events/seismic-2021

Online

24‑28 May

Horizontal Wells 2021 www.eage.org

Astrakhan

26-28 May

First EAGE Digital Subsurface Conference in Latin America www.eage.org

Online

4‑9 Jul

Goldschmidt 2021

Lyon and online

France

27-29 Jul

First EAGE Guyana-Suriname Basin Conference www.eage.org

Georgetown and online

Guyana

Russia

July 2021

August 2021 4-6 Aug

Data Science in Oil and Gas 2021 www.eage.ru

Novosibirsk and Online

Russia

19‑20 Aug

First EAGE Workshop on Geothermal Energy in Latin America www.eage.org

Guanacaste and Online

Costa Rica

29 Aug ‑ 2 Sep

Near Surface Geoscience Conference & Exhibition 2021 www.nsg2021.org

Bordeaux

France

September 2021 6‑7 Sep

EAGE Workshop on Computational Sciences for New Energy and Oil Recovery www.eage.org

Kuala Lumpur and Online

Malaysia

6‑8 Sep

Fifth EAGE Workshop on High Performance Computing for Upstream www.eage.org

Milan and online

Italy

6‑10 Sep

Geomodel 2021 23 th conference on oil and gas geological exploration and development www.eage.org

Gelendzhik

Russia

9‑11 Sep

Second EAGE Conference on Pre-Salt Reservoir www.eage.org

Rio de Janeiro and Online

Brazil

12-17 Sep

30 th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry (IMOG 2021) www.imog2021.org

Montpellier and online

France

27‑29 Sep

Fourth EAGE Borehole Geology Workshop www.eage.org

Online

October 2021 4‑7 Oct

14th Middle East Geosciences Conference & Exhibition (GEO2021) www.geo-expo.com

Manama

Bahrain

10-14 Oct

BGS Congress 2021 https://bgscongress.org

Bucharest

Romania

18 Oct

Third Young Professionals Summit yp-summit.org

Amsterdam

Netherlands

18-21 Oct

82 nd EAGE Conference & Exhibition www.eageannual2021.org

Amsterdam and online

Netherlands

EAGE Events

Non-EAGE Events

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