First Break June 2021 - Geoscience & Engineering in the Energy Transition

VO L U M E 3 9 I I S S U E 6 I J U N E 2 0 21

SPECIAL TOPIC

Geoscience & Engineering in the Energy Transition TECHNICAL ARTICLE Collaborative VSP acquisition to optimize imaging INDUSTRY NEWS Shearwater buys former Polarcus fleet

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FIRST BREAK® An EAGE Publication

CHAIRMAN EDITORIAL BOARD Peter Rowbotham (Peter.Rowbotham@apachecorp.com) EDITOR Damian Arnold (editorfb@eage.org) MEMBERS, EDITORIAL BOARD • Paul Binns, consultant (pebinns@btinternet.com) • Satinder Chopra, SamiGeo (satinder.chopra@samigeo.com) • Anthony Day, PGS (anthony.day@pgs.com) • Peter Dromgoole, Retired Geophysicist (peterdromgoole@gmail.com) • Rutger Gras, Consultant (r.gras@gridadvice.nl) • Hamidreza Hamdi, University of Calgary (hhamdi@ucalgary.ca) • John Reynolds, Reynolds International (jmr@reynolds-international.co.uk) • James Rickett, Schlumberger (jrickett@slb.com) • Dave Stewart, Dave Stewart Geoconsulting Ltd (djstewart.dave@gmail.com) • Femke Vossepoel, Delft University of Technology (f.c.vossepoel@tudelft.nl) • Angelika-Maria Wulff, Kuwait Oil Company (AWulff@kockw.com) EAGE EDITOR EMERITUS Andrew McBarnet (andrew@andrewmcbarnet.com)

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Game-changing nodes enable higher density seismic acquisition.

Editorial Contents 3

EAGE News

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Personal Record Interview

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Crosstalk

MEDIA PRODUCTION Saskia Nota (firstbreakproduction@eage.org)

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Industry News

PRODUCTION ASSISTANT Ivana Geurts (firstbreakproduction@eage.org)

Technical Article

ADVERTISING INQUIRIES corporaterelations@eage.org EAGE EUROPE OFFICE PO Box 59 3990 DB Houten The Netherlands • +31 88 995 5055 • eage@eage.org • www.eage.org EAGE RUSSIA & CIS OFFICE EAGE Russia & CIS Office EAGE Geomodel LLC 19 Leninsky Prospekt 119071, Moscow, Russia • +7 495 640 2008 • moscow@eage.org • www.eage.ru EAGE MIDDLE EAST OFFICE EAGE Middle East FZ-LLC Dubai Knowledge Village Block 13 Office F-25 PO Box 501711 Dubai, United Arab Emirates • +971 4 369 3897 • middle_east@eage.org • www.eage.org EAGE ASIA PACIFIC OFFICE UOA Centre Office Suite 19-15-3A No. 19, Jalan Pinang 50450 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia • +60 3 272 201 40 • asiapacific@eage.org • www.eage.org EAGE AMERICAS SAS Calle 93 # 18-28 Oficina 704 Bogota, Colombia • +57 1 4232948 • americas@eage.org • www.eage.org

35 Integration of VSP in the process of surface seismic data inversion N. de Freslon, L. Cuilhe, S. Yareshchenko, Y. Solodkyi, I. Gafych, C. Rudling, N. Lucet, N. Desgoutte and V. Machault 45 Collaborative VSP acquisition to optimize imaging for field development Robert Mullen, Bill Barry, Chris Rudling, James Bailey, Yevgenii Solodkyi, Sergii Yareshchenko, Ivan Gafych and William Wills

Special Topic: G eoscience & Engineering in the Energy Transition

53 New approaches to CCS Bent Kjølhamar, Sverre Planke, Helge Bondeson, Jan Langhammer, Benjamin Bellwald and Malin Waage 59 Enabling large-scale offshore wind with underground hydrogen storage Julien Mouli-Castillo, Katriona Edlmann, Eike Thaysen and Jonathan Scafidi 63

Supporting the UN 2050 Net Zero goals by reading the earth better Nina Marie Hernandez, Kim Gunn Maver and Charmyne Mamador

69 Engineering design of CO2 storage in saline aquifers and depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs: similarities and differences

Hakan Alkan, Fernando Flores Rivero, Oleksandr Burachok, Patrick Kowollik 81 New node design enabling higher density seismic acquisition could be a game changer

Amine Ourabah, Mike Popham and Chris Einchcomb 89

Trends in geothermal: riding the wave to Paris Marit Brommer

94 Calendar

EAGE MEMBERS CHANGE OF ADDRESS NOTIFICATION Send to: EAGE Membership Dept at EAGE Office (address above) FIRST BREAK ON THE WEB www.firstbreak.org ISSN 0263-5046 (print) / ISSN 1365-2397 (online)

cover: A geothermal source from Cuicocha Lake, Ecuador. This month First Break focuses on how the geothermal sector is going ‘mainstream’ (see page 89) (© Carlos Garcia Royo, EAGE/EFG Photo Contest 2020).

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European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers

Board 2020-2021

Everhard Muijzert President

Dirk Orlowsky Vi c e-President

Near Surface Geoscience Division Alireza Malehmir Chair Esther Bloem Vice-Chair George Apostolopoulos Immediate Past Chair Micki Allen Contact Officer EEGS/North America Riyadh Al-Saad Oil & Gas Liaison Hongzhu Cai Liaison China Albert Casas Membership Officer Eric Cauquil Liaison Shallow Marine Geophysics Deyan Draganov Technical Programme Officer Ranajit Ghose Editor in Chief Near Surface Geophysics Hamdan Ali Hamdan Liaison Middle East Vladimir Ignatief Liaison North America / Russia Andreas Kathage Liaison Officer First Break Musa Manzi Liaison Africa Myrto Papadopoulou Young Professional Liaison Andreas Pfaffhuber Liaison Infrastructure & BIM Koya Suto Liaison Asia Pacific Catherine Truffert Industry Liaison

Pascal Breton Secretary-Treasurer

Oil & Gas Geoscience Division

Caroline Le Turdu Membership and Cooperation Officer

Michael Peter Suess Chair; TPC Lucy Slater Vice-Chair Caroline Jane Lowrey Immediate Past Chair; TPC Erica Angerer Member Wiebke Athmer Member Juliane Heiland TPC Tijmen-Jan Moser Editor-in-chief Geophysical Prospecting Francesco Perrone YP Liaison Philip Ringrose Editor-in-chief Petroleum Geoscience Conor Ryan REvC Liaison Martin Widmaier TPC Aart-Jan van Wijngaarden Technical Programme Officer

Colin MacBeth Education Officer

Ingrid Magnus Publications Officer

SUBSCRIPTIONS First Break is published monthly. It is free to EAGE members. The membership fee of EAGE is € 50.00 a year (including First Break, EarthDoc (EAGE’s geoscience database), Learning Geoscience (EAGE’s Education website) and online access to a scientific journal.

Companies can subscribe to First Break via an institutional subscription.

Every subscription includes a monthly hard copy and online access to the full First Break archive for the requested number of online users.

Aart-Jan van Wijngaarden Technical Programme Officer

Alireza Malehmir Chair Near Surface Geoscience Division

Orders for current subscriptions and back issues should be sent to EAGE Publications BV, Journal Subscriptions, PO Box 59, 3990 DB, Houten, The Netherlands. Tel: +31 (0)88 9955055, E-mail: subscriptions@eage.org, www.firstbreak.org.

Michael Peter Suess Chair Oil & Gas Geoscience Division

First Break is published by EAGE Publications BV, The Netherlands.

However, responsibility for the opinions given and the statements made rests with the authors.

COPYRIGHT & PHOTOCOPYING © 2021 EAGE All rights reserved. First Break or any part thereof june not be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transcribed in any form or by any means, electronically or mechanically, including photocopying and recording, ­without the prior written permission of the publisher.

PAPER The publisher’s policy is to use acid-free permanent paper (TCF), to the draft standard ISO/DIS/9706, made from sustainable ­forests using chlorine-free pulp (Nordic-Swan standard).

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HIGHLIGHTS

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Second EAGE Digitalization event moves to 2022 in Vienna

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Notice of the 2021 Annual General Meeting for Members

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EAGE Eastern Africa forum chalks up fifth success

Steering EAGE through a time of trouble Outgoing EAGE president Everhard Muijzert reflects on his term of office in which the Covid-19 pandemic has been an unprecedented challenge.

Something to celebrate: EAGE president Everhard Muijzert is cautiously optimistic about the future for Association members.

At the time of writing, I have the opportunity to look back at not just a tumultuous year as president but also six years as EAGE board member — a rather unique situation. During this period, a lot has happened to the energy industry and the Association. It will not surprise you to know that this final year, however, has been by far most disruptive of my time in office. Many of you will have faced an exceptionally difficult year, both profes-

sionally and, quite possibly, personally as Covid-19 and the economic downturn have left their mark.

It goes without saying the virus has had a profound impact on the Association as well. We were prevented from fulfilling our normal schedule of meetings including the 2020 Annnual Conference & Exhibition.

However, on the plus side, the situation has been the driver of a period of innovation within the Association which should position us well for the post-Covid era.

Primarily we have seen an acceleration in the Association’s adoption of the digital world which will likely dominate our future operations and services. This development was already well underway but the global pandemic has sped things up significantly. Within a matter of months of the announcement of the first lockdown, EAGE was responding with a high level of proficiency in organizing online events.

These have brought together members around the world in interactive meetings in a way previously unimagined with very positive feedback.

The result of this change of direction can be seen almost every week, with new online deliveries. Many of you will have had the opportunity to participate in our online conferences such as the very well received EAGE Annual Online and Near Surface Geoscience meetings last DecemFIRST

ber, GEOTECH in March, and more recently the IOR conference in April.

The move towards more online offerings goes well beyond our virtual or hybrid events. It is also evident in other EAGE services, such as the move towards online only journals, a revamped EarthDoc and the introduction of our new Learning Geoscience platform. We expect the need for a strong online presence to remain even when in-person meetings are being organized again. It’s good to report that we, as an Association, are well-equipped to dealing with this reality.

The other significant trend that I would like to highlight is our increasing focus on non-oil and gas topics. The Near Surface Division and the new Mineral Exploration, Hydrogeophysics and Energy Transition Technical Communities are all expanding, as are our Near Surface Geophysics journal and the Petroleum Geosciences Energy Geoscience Series. In this I believe our professional association has been ahead of the curve, and we intend to keep it that way. Over the years, we have developed our portfolio of events related to these topics significantly, not only in Europe, but around the world. We recognize amongst other things that universities around the globe are positioning their curricula to reflect this transition to sustainable natural resource management, BREAK

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EAGE NEWS

so I’m pleased to see our divisions work closely together in rising to this challenge, the EAGE GET conference series being a prime example of this. In summary, the energy transition challenge is becoming an inherent part of the Association’s DNA. During my year serving as your president, I’ve seen how resilient our community really is in times of difficulty and disruption. Despite lock-downs, travel restrictions and sometimes undependable internet, many new initiatives, local chapters and special interests communities were developed — a testimony to both the

hard work from community members and EAGE staff worldwide.

We have of course had to work with a very tight budget meaning some unavoidable adjustments in resources which the staff have managed to overcome with admirable fortitude.

I’m therefore concluding my presidency at a time of cautious optimism.

Even though we are far from the industry heyday, the price of oil, gas and minerals is steadily increasing as the demand for energy recovers. At the same time the resources needed to accomplish the ener-

gy transition are now gaining increasing investment. These are hopeful trends for our professions. As far as our services are concerned, I foresee a new era of hybrid events, allowing our expertise in both online and in-person conferencing to shine.

This, combined with the multi-disciplinary focus we pursue, allows EAGE to become the home for all sub-surface geosciences that have an engineering aspect.

On that positive final note, I would like to thank you, the members, for allowing me the privilege of serving as your president. I would especially like to thank my fellow Board members for their contribution and support, the entire staff across the regions and most importantly the hundreds of volunteers that make the running of the Association possible.

I must also acknowledge my employer Schlumberger for facilitating my year as president.

It is now my sincere hope that we will soon be able to gather and reconnect in person. Until such time, I wish you all the very best.

Save money and register early for our biggest event of the year Countdown to the EAGE Annual in October has reached a critical stage with the opening of the Early Bird registration which rewards delegates who sign up early to our biggest event of the year.

There is so much to look forward to — the Technical Programme now almost finalized, over 200 exhibitors waiting to share their products and services, and the many opportunities to meet up with colleagues and make new contacts.

This year you have the option of Hybrid or Online registration.

If you choose to sign up for the Hybrid registration, you attend the event in person, meaning you have access to all Technical Programme rooms and the entire Exhibition floor at RAI Amsterdam, you attend the Opening and Forum Sessions and interact with the speakers live, you get the highest level of networking by meeting your colleagues, friends, 4

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peers, suppliers and clients in person by participating in the social programme, you have the opportunity to explore Amsterdam, and all this while benefiting from all the online registration features for those unable to attend in person.

Participants unable to travel to the event in person will be able to take advantage of Online registration and attend the event virtually where they can watch engaging new content, grow their network and make new professional contacts via our virtual platform. Remote participants will be able to view the pre-recorded summaries; live-streamed Technical Programme sessions as well as plenary sessions such as the Opening Session, Forum Sessions; submit written questions in the discussion portal; attend virtual social events; visit the Virtual Exhibition and interact with the exhibitors and event sponsors, all while bene2021

fiting from online interaction tools such as networking rooms and easy private socializing.

If you want to commit to the most important multi-disciplinary geoscience and engineering event anywhere in the world, then it’s already time to head over to EAGEANNUAL2021.org and register now.

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EAGE NEWS

Local Chapter Netherlands focuses on energy transition projects Hannes Kutscha describes two recent local chapter meetings.

In March Prof David Smeulders summarized the climate agreement and challenged the current approach of the Dutch government. He warned about the danger that too much haste combined with an ambitious, unrealistic and inconsiderate approach might quickly lose social acceptance, without which the entire endeavour would be critically slowed down. In some sense this can already be seen by the extremely low ratio of realized vs. expected gas free dwellings.

Smeulders pointed out that the double standard in (private vs. industrial) taxation and the unfair distribution of the targeted emission reductions might be difficult to defend, once the cost of the energy transition is felt by society.

Also the planned onshore wind and solar

reduce CO2 emissions quickly at a relatively low cost. Hydrogen can be used for energy storage when green electricity is converted into hydrogen. In this way the electricity grid can be balanced and curtailing can be avoided. Batteries only have little capacity for storage.

In the meanwhile across the border, Germany has different challenges and is not thinking of phasing out natural gas any time soon, as in many cases it will be needed to replace the many still operational coal power plants by 2038.

A large part of the produced energy is currently used for district heating, which in the future will be partially covered by geothermal energy. In his talk in April Dr Frank Strozyk spoke about the achievements and challeng-

Gas free dwelling dilemma.

parks and their backup systems demand a lot of space, which will need to be made available and compensated for. He argued the focus should more be on a European solution than the Netherlands alone, for instance, the interconnectivity of energy grids to neighbouring countries needs to be improved.

In general Smeulders would like the government to prioritize affordable and efficient methods, which excludes the phasing out of natural gas by 2030.

A short term solution would be the transitioning of still existing coal power plants to gas power plants that would

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es in decarbonization of heating as experienced by the recently established Fraunhofer IEG (Research Institution for Energy Infrastructures and Geothermal Systems), part of Fraunhofer, Europe’s largest application-oriented research organization.

Strozyk’s work-group first focused on the planned construction of a geothermal research power plant (Demonstrator 1) located at Weisweiler, North Rhine-Westphalia, an industrial focal point where there is an abundance of geothermal springs in the city of Aachen nearby. The outcome of this pilot project

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could strongly influence the decision on a larger-scale roll-out of this technology in Germany and beyond.

Strozyk then focused on the storage of solar thermal energy from summer months in the form of heated water for the winter months. The deeper parts of abandoned coal mines seem very suited for this task. In the test project (Demonstrator 2), concentrated solar power will be used to heat 20000 m3 of mine water at 70 m depth from 100 to 600 Celsius in the summer. During winter this water will be heated up (by heat pumps) to 110/1200C and fed into the district heating grid.

He argued that compared to solar and wind power, geothermal energy is provided constantly and reliably. A potential stumbling block may be the seismic activity in the region and the principal risk for induced seismicity from geothermal production.

Interestingly, seismic information and deeper wells, as an indication for geothermal feasibility, are only available in the north and south of Germany because of previous searches for hydrocarbons. Both speakers mentioned that a lot of knowledge and expertise from the oil and gas industry would be very beneficial in these coming projects.

Diego Rovetta and Hannes Kutscha from the EAGE Local Chapter Netherlands and Karin de Borst from the EAGE special interest community on Decarbonization and Energy Transition hosted these two events. If you have missed any of these lively talks, check out the video recordings on the YouTube channel of the EAGE. Curious about the activities of LC Netherlands and the Decarbonization and Energy Transition special interest community? Stay informed through their LinkedIn pages (https://www.linkedin. com/groups/13690220/ and https://www. linkedin.com/groups/13661165/) and become a member by sending an email to eageLCNetherlands@gmail.com.

EAGE NEWS

Still time to participate in the next oil and gas data science meeting in Russia & CIS It’s long now until the second EAGE Russia and CIS regional conference on Data Science in Oil & Gas is held in Novosibirsk, Russia on 4-6 August 2021.

Contributions can still be offered to the technical programme of the event

Novosibirsk will be host city of event.

which proved successful when first organized as a virtual conference last October.

This year the proceedings (in person and online) will be held in Russian and presentations will focus on practical applications of new developments in all areas of data science. The meeting will also include a hackathon for those interested.

One section of the programme will focus on applications of ML/AI technologies in data analysis and processing, which have confirmed their initial hypothesis and can be applied or translated for the exploration and production data domain.

The ideal presentation could be a case study with a description of the challenges that the development team had to face.

The section on intelligent data analysis in geology and geophysics will cover computational methods and machine analytics for processing, analyzing and detection of hidden features in geophysical, petrophysical and geological data.

Examples of deep data analysis, ML and other digital technology implementation for improvement of oil and gas reservoirs development will be particularly welcome.

The section on intelligent computing for planning and management of hydrocarbon development and production is where the potential of intellectual analysis

of reservoir production data to improve planning and management of hydrocarbon reservoir development will be discussed.

This will also cover newly proposed approaches for integral modelling of subsurface and surface facilities to come up with optimal reservoir development and management solutions.

The data integration tools and case studies section will consider questions related to the use of software tools (platforms, environments and applications) for storage and integration of the data of the oilfield asset lifecycle, including seismic, petrophysics, geophysics, geological, drilling, reservoir engineering, production and other kinds of data.

Data analysis integration will be the focus of a further section with attention on programming scripts, software extensions or standalone apps developed inside and/ or outside an organization.

Details of the event can be found through www.eage.ru.

EAGE Online Education Calendar START AT ANY TIME

VELOCITIES, IMAGING, AND WAVEFORM INVERSION - THE EVOLUTION OF CHARACTERIZING THE EARTH’S SUBSURFACE, BY I. F. JONES (ONLINE EET)

SELF PACED COURSE

6 CHAPTERS OF 1 HR

1-2 JUN

BOREHOLE SEISMIC BASICS (THEORY PART), BY A. SHEVCHENKO

SHORT COURSE

2 SESSIONS OF 4 HRS

1-4 JUN

APPLIED OILFIELD GEOMECHANICS, BY J. HERWANGER

SHORT COURSE

4 SESSIONS OF 4 HRS

3-4 JUN

MICROSEISMICITY: A TOOL FOR RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION,

BY S. A. SHAPIRO

ONLINE EET

2 SESSIONS OF 4 HRS

3-10 JUN

BOREHOLE SEISMIC BASICS (PRACTICAL SEMINAR), BY A. SHEVCHENKO

SHORT COURSE

6 SESSIONS OF 2 HRS

7-10 JUN

INTRODUCTION TO DATA ANALYSIS: CONCEPTS AND EXAMPLES,

BY R. GODFREY

SHORT COURSE

4 SESSIONS OF 4 HRS

14 JUN

AUTOMATED TOP SALT INTERPRETATION USING A DEEP CONVOLUTIONAL NET, BY O. GRAMSTAD

WEBINAR

1 SESSION OF 1 HR

15-18 JUN

3D PRINTING AS AN EMERGING TECHNOLOGY IN GEOSCIENCES,

BY F. HASIUK & S. ISHUTOV

SHORT COURSE

4 SESSIONS OF 4 HRS

21 JUN 21 JUL

INTRODUCTION TO MACHINE LEARNING FOR GEOPHYSICAL APPLICATIONS,

BY J. MONDT

EXTENSIVE COURSE*

4 SESSIONS OF 1-2 HRS

22-24 JUN

ROCK PHYSICS FOR QUANTITATIVE SEISMIC RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION, BY T. MUKERJI

SHORT COURSE

3 SESSIONS OF 4 HRS

22-25 JUN

DEEPWATER RESERVOIRS: EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION CONCEPTS,

BY D. STOW

SHORT COURSE

4 SESSIONS OF 4 HRS

29 JUN 2 JUL

INTRODUCTION TO WATERFLOOD MANAGEMENT, BY S. IBRAHIM

SHORT COURSE

4 SESSIONS OF 4 HRS

* EXTENSIVE SELF PACED MATERIALS AND INTERACTIVE SESSIONS WITH THE INSTRUCTOR: CHECK SCHEDULE OF EACH COURSE FOR DATES AND TIMES OF LIVE SESSIONS FOR MORE INFORMATION AND REGISTRATION PLEASE VISIT WWW.EAGE.ORG AND WWW.LEARNINGGEOSCIENCE.ORG.

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Second EAGE Digitalization event moves to 2022 in Vienna In the coming months you’ll be hearing a lot more about how digital solutions are the key to making operations in the energy industry more resilient, safe and efficient. That’s because we are building up to EAGE Digital 2022, the 2nd Digitalization Conference and Exhibition now due to be held on 1-3 February 2022 in Vienna.

Still time to submit abstracts!

The date has been changed to avoid a conflict with the EAGE 2021 Annual Conference & Exhibition which had to be postponed from its original June schedule due to likely Covid-19 health and safety restrictions on travel and large meetings still applying at that time.

One important consequence of the event’s move to early next year is that

there is more time to submit abstracts for the technical programme. The deadline is now 5 September 2021. Details can be found on the event website, but the conference sessions are being divided into three main strands: Digitalization and Insight Generation, Applied Analytics and Machine Learning, and The Digital Subsurface.

Conference co-chair Roman Spitzer, head of technology application, OMV Exploration & Production, talks about what we can expect at Digital 2022.

What is meant by this year’s theme — Leadership, Technology and Business of Tomorrow?

Digitalization has advanced more rapidly than any other innovation in history, enabling us with instant communication, generally enhanced connectivity and accessibility to information to take decision faster and more accurate. Not only the technological aspect that drives us today, but even more, the associated topics of changing business models (e.g., energy transition) and leadership styles (e.g., virtual teams) require special attention and new ideas. All three topics will be covered at this special event.

How would you describe the goal of digitalization, e.g., efficiency, cost saving, exploring and maximizing value of existing data?

Many organizations understand digitalization as a tool to save costs through increased efficiencies and project acceleration. This is partly true, it will save costs through less time spent on projects.

However, the real strength of digitalization is to create optionalities and opportuni8

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ties through cutting edge technologies in combination with changed ways of doing business. The combination will allow us to make better analyses of our portfolios, make better choices about our investments and, ultimately, stay resilient to the globally ongoing changes.

For EAGE members attending which are the most relevant aspects of digitalization — machine learning, cloud, data lakes, AI, etc?

I think it is important to obtain a broad understanding of the complete petro-technical and digital challenges and excellency within our industry. Hence, machine learning, cloud, data lakes, AI, IT/OT, sensors, data science ideas, all of it is truly relevant.

And on top of this, to envision and discuss future organizations, leadership styles and new ways of working - how digitalization creates value and will help us to stay a profitable and attractive industry sector.

How much of digitalization is new to geoscience and engineering professionals?

It depends on the time horizon. Starting my career as a geophysicist, I was waiting 2021

Roman Spitzer, co-chair of EAGE Digital 2022.

for automated data preparation and analytics for a long time. I was always frustrated about the time I had to spend preparing my projects and data until I could attend to my profession: subsurface characterization from seismic and well data.

Automation of tedious tasks is something that has significantly advanced during the last decade. Hence, data science and the maturity of machine learning products is good news to me. When you ask a young professional in the industry, for sure you would get a different answer. For them it is business as usual and they are looking at digitalization from a different, more mature and educated, perspective. Independent of industry experience, we will all agree that the development is increasing exponentially.

What is needed to prepare a new generation of digital geoscientists?

It is not so much about what is needed for them it is more about how we can attract them to join our industry. The new generation of geoscientists is ready and they come with all their G&G and engineering knowledge and data science skills. What they need is an exiting career perspective in the oil and gas industry. We need to tell a story that goes beyond conventional oil and gas business towards petrochemicals and energy transition.

EAGE NEWS

WORKSHOP

REPORT

Borehole geology workshop goes online and global

James Dolan (Schlumberger), co-chair of the technical committee, posts this note on the first EAGE Workshop on Borehole Geology in Asia Pacific from 30 March to 1 April.

Originally planned as an in-person event in Perth, Australia, the workshop had to be shifted to being fully online. The event attracted over 50 participants from 16 countries.

EAGE-hosted Borehole Geology Workshops have in the past been held in the Middle East. Different value propositions for acquiring borehole images in the Asia Pacific region (i.e., structural complexity, clastic reservoir characterization and thinbed quantification) prompted a different approach by the technical committee.

The workshop was divided into five technical sessions over the three days, with presenters encouraged to deliver case studies under the following themes: New acquisition technologies and their application; software, standards and data handling; Multi-disciplinary integration for reservoir drilling and navigation: Reservoir performance estimation, and Sedimentological and structural characterization.

The opening keynote address was delivered by Dr Nadege Bize-Forest

(Schlumberger). Her talk was titled ‘Geology jumps onboard the fourth industrial revolution’ and gave several insights into the ongoing technological developments in the field borehole imaging. Bize-Forest also discussed how our discipline needs to be prepared for the changes in the technology trends in data storage, transmission, workflows, and automation and where there are opportunities for the application to image logging and interpretation.

The second keynote speaker Prof Simon Lang (University of Western Australia) offered a virtual Martian field trip, with recent images from the Perseverance Mars Rover, before grounding workshop participants in processed-based sedimentology and emphasizing the importance of core and outcrop studies in his talk titled ‘Back to the rocks to understand borehole images’.

Two panel sessions were held during the workshop, with several experts invited to express their views on ‘The Current State of Wellbore Image Interpretation and

Global experts Dr Nadege Bize-Forest and Prof Simon Lang provided keynote addresses.

Future Outlook’, and then on ‘Automated image interpretation and the future role of the human interpreter’. The panellists represented operating, service and consulting companies, and each presented their own thoughts and opinions.

The EAGE and Technical Programme Committee would like to thank the sponsors of this event: Halliburton and Task Fronterra Geoscience (Platinum Sponsorship), and ImageStrat and Schlumberger (Silver Sponsorship).

Geoquiz teams qualify for final in Amsterdam Three university teams have won registration fee waivers for our upcoming Annual Conference & Exhibition (18-21 October 2021 in Amsterdam and online) in a prelimary Geoquiz contested by students from 15 student chapters around the world.

Congratulations go to our three top teams: Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (Malaysia), Federal University of Bahia (Brazil), and the University of Miskolc (Hungary). They won through in a close competition held online in April in which

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teams had to answer 20 challenging questions.

Hopefully the winners will all be able to travel to Amsterdam for the Global Geoquiz.

Student teams from universities everywhere are also welcome to join the student programme in Amsterdam, and compete for the title of Geoquiz champion!

For details on the next Geoquiz, keep an eye on the students section of the Annual website at www.EAGEAnnual2021.org.

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EAGE NEWS

Notice of the 2021 Annual General Meeting for Members Just like last year, we are holding EAGE’s Annual General Meeting for Members (AGMM) before the end of the business

members to participate in our AGMM being held online on 30 June 2021 at 15:00 CEST. We will be asking all mem-

year, which means before 1 July 2021.

The Board therefore invites all EAGE

bers to register for the event via our website www.eage.org/about_eage/agmm.

On this site you will also find the meeting agenda and other related documents, to be uploaded closer to the event.

The AGMM is an important opportunity for EAGE members to learn more about the work of the Association in the past year, its financial status and strategy going forward as well as to confirm the Board members who will serve in the 2021-22 period of office. Normally this event would be held in conjunction with the Annual Exhibition and Conference but, as members will be aware, the event has been rescheduled for 18-21 October in Amsterdam as a result of the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic when it is hoped that the roll-out of vaccination programmes worldwide will facilitate a return of international travel.

Near Surface Geophysics releases special issue on geohazard assessment

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127 Geophysical investigations for the identification of active seis mic faults below alluvium for seismic hazard assessment M. Cercato, G. De Donno, F.S. Desideri and L. Di Giambattista 141 Active and passive seismic surface wave methods for levee assessment in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California, USA M.S. Craig, K. Hayashi and Ö. Kozacı 155 Ground vulnerability derived from the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio: Comparison with the damage distribution caused by the 2017 ML 5.4 Pohang earthquake, Korea S.Y. Kang, K.-H. Kim, M. Choi and S.-C. Park

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Near Surface Geophysics Volume 19 · Number 2 · April 2021

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Simple user-interface and RTK GPS to navigate and recover position

169 Investigation of coseismic liquefaction-induced ground deformation associated with the 2019 Mw 5.8 Mirpur, Pakistan, earthquake using near-surface electrical resistivity tomography and geological data M.Y. Khan, S.A. Turab, M.S. Riaz, E.A. Atekwana, S. Muhammad, N.A. Butt, S.M. Abbas, W.A. Zafar and L.O. Ohenhen 183 Geo-integrated assessment of the landslide zone around Gadora along NH 58 of the Garhwal Himalayas, India P.O. Falae, R.K. Dash, M. Samanta and D.P. Kanungo 199 Seismic refraction and electrical resistivity tomographies for geotechnical site characterization of two water reservoirs (El Hierro, Spain) F. Fernández-Baniela, D. Arias and Á. Rubio-Ordóñez 225 Electrical resistivity monitoring of an earthslide with electrodes located outside the unstable zone (Pont-Bourquin landslide, Swiss Alps) G. Bièvre, D. Jongmans, T. Lebourg and S. Carrière

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areas and expanding the infrastructure network, and the frequency of exceptional LOUPE events due to climate change,PORTABLE assessing PROFILING the risk of those hazards isEM becoming SYSTEM increasingly important. Near-surface geophysical methods can provide information LIGHTNING: critical to geohazard risk assessment and SEISMIC VIBRATOR mitigation, as this Special Issue demonstrates.

The guest editors (Dr Sebastian UhleUK AND ENQUIRIES HOLLAND OFFICES National LaboLAND PRODUCTS mann,MARINE Lawrence Berkeley MANAGED BY A PROVIDING FULLY PRODUCTS TEAM OF EXPERIENCED MANAGED EUROPEAN SOFTWARE GEOPHYSICISTS ratory, USA; Prof. Xavier Comas, Florida SHIPPING Atlantic University, USA; and Dr Angela Perrone, CNR, Italy) are grateful to the authors for their excellent contributions and to those colleagues who provided timely, critical and constructive reviews www.geomatrix.co.uk of the submitted manuscripts. Thanks also go to Ranajit Ghose (former editor-inchief of Near Surface Geophysics), who initiated this special issue and provided guidance throughout the process, but also to current editor Panos Tsourlos who helped to bring the issue together.

NEAR SURFACE GEOPHYSICS

Near Surface Geophysics has just published a special issue on Near-Surface Geophysics for Geohazard Assessment. It comprises nine papers covering multiple aspects of the use of near-surface geophysics to identify, characterize and mitigate natural hazards. These papers address issues related to earthquakes, landslides, fault zones and engineering geological hazards. Many of these papers present integrated studies, linking multi-method geophysical tools with engineering geological studies, laboratory investigations or numerical simulations, thereby providing insight into the causes of hazards while offering mitigation pathways.

The studies in this issue come as a response to those natural hazards, such as earthquakes, landslides or sinkholes, that cause considerable damage to urban areas, civil structures and critical infrastructure while claiming thousands of lives worldwide. In light of a growing global population, requiring the extension of urban

241 4D quantification of alpine permafrost degradation in steep rock walls using a laboratory-calibrated electrical resistivity tomography approach R. Scandroglio, D. Draebing, M. Offer and M. Krautblatter 261 Numerical simulation of ground-penetrating radar data for studying the geometry of fault zone S.S. Bricheva, I.O. Dubrovin, O.V. Lunina, I.A. Denisenko, V.M. Matasov, I.V. Turova, A.L. Entin, A.V. Panin and E.V. Deev 279 Biographies of the Guest Editors

www.nearsurfacegeophysics.org

18/02/2021 09:15 18/02/2021 10:26

Near Surface Geophysics, April 2021.

The Special Issue was published in April 2021. All papers are available in our EarthDoc database - https://www. earthdoc.org/content/journals/nsg/19/2.

EAGE NEWS

Join the Asia Pacific region discussion on faults in groundwater, CO2 and hydrocarbons EAGE Asia Pacific is to explore the impact of structural features on fluid flow in a forthcoming workshop on 24-25 August to be conducted both online and in Canberra, Australia for those who can attend in person.

Background to the workshop is that geologic faults and fractures are a feature of significant uncertainty for a wide range of geologic endeavours. The study of fractures and faults for mineral systems has been investigated for more than 100 years. The oil and gas industries have been actively studying fault sealing processes over the past 50 years. Meanwhile hydrogeology has developed an extensive understanding of near-surface aquifer pro-

Knowing the structure better.

cesses. In most cases, such activities are profit-motivated.

A significant part of these endeavours has been focused on exploiting fluid flow.

More recently there has been a pivot to the containment of fluids, gases, salts and particles. In the case of radioactive waste disposal, groundwater pollution, CO2

sequestration and saline water disposal, the science of seals and flow is now the basis of legal and regulatory frameworks.

The workshop will highlight case studies from a wide range of extractive industries, topics to include: Geothermal exploration and development; groundwater leaching operations; role of faults in groundwater environmental impact assessment; CO2 sequestration; radioactive waste disposal; conventional and unconventional oil and gas.

Scan this QR code to learn more about the workshop!

Two latest technical communities focus on seismic

Special attention for seismic operations.

Then there were ten. Yes, you read that right. As an Association we are now hosting ten different special interest communities (SICs) to meet the demand for networks where active participants

can interact with others who share their particular professional focus.

The new technical communities are dedicated to Seismic Acquisition and Seismic Interpretation. Both SICs intend to share know-how, experience, and expertise applied to relevant business and science. In the case of the Seismic Interpretation SIC, it will be a network which can also take account of latest technologies, algorithms, computational power, artificial intelligence and data analysis, which are at the confluence of this complex discipline today, both for conventional E&P and the emerging energy transition.

In 2020 three SICs were launched and are now operating - Mineral Exploration

Geophysics, Hydrogeophysics and Basin & Petroleum Systems Analysis. Earlier this year we added the Geochemistry SIC. You are welcome to join any of the communities on LinkedIn to get involved in their conversations, find new contacts and possibly be the first to hear about relevant opportunities for your career path.

Participation is open to all, including career professionals, researchers, academia and students, whether you are an EAGE member or not.

Scan this QR code to learn more about EAGE’s SICs

EAGE Student Calendar JUNE

LAURIE DAKE CHALLENGE 2021 FINAL ROUND

ONLINE

23 JUN

STUDENT WEBINAR: SEISMIC APPLICATIONS FOR MINING USING PASSIVE SOURCES, BY DEYAN DRAGANOV

ONLINE

18-21 OCT

82ND EAGE ANNUAL CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION (STUDENT ACTIVITIES)

AMSTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS AND ONLINE

FOR MORE INFORMATION AND REGISTRATION PLEASE CHECK THE STUDENT SECTION AT WWW.EAGE.ORG

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EAGE NEWS

EAGE Eastern Africa forum chalks up fifth success

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Report on the Fifth EAGE Eastern Africa Petroleum Geoscience Forum ‘Paving the Way to Future Energy Supply’, held online on 30 March – 1 April 2021.

To get us all on the same page, Alessandro Piccoli (IHS Markit) provided an East Africa review, with a particular focus on the impact of the Covid pandemic on exploration and development. Piccoli expects a progressive return to normal activities in 2022.

Victoria Falls on the boarder of Zambia and Zimbabwe.

Petroleum play, synthesis and de-risking In the first session Sean Davids (PASA) focused on the distribution and age of sediments distribution along the East Coast of South Africa. He highlighted thick sedimentary series, and the potential of hydrocarbon plays within this mostly cretaceous depocenter.

Antony Fielies (PASA) completed the story with seismic identification of potential Mesozoic source rocks, both in this SE South Africa area, as well as in the southern Orange Basin. He observed a low impedance event likely to be related to TOC rich intervals.

Next, we switched to Mozambique.

Deepak Rathee (Schlumberger) reviewed the play potential, proposing a new oil play. He illustrated details of the petroleum using 3D seismic data from Angoche where drilling is expected post-pandemic.

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Neil Hurst (ION) then widened the area to consider where to search next offshore East Africa.

Between sessions on days one and two, we held virtual poster sessions. Of note was the Zainab Mowzer (PASA) poster on ‘Hydrocarbon seep hunting soil gas geochemical sampling application in the Karoo Basin, South Africa’.

such as the magnetotelluric method, can also establish an active collaboration between exploration companies, the government and society in general. Patricia de Lugao (Strataimage) presented magnetotelluric applications for both large and small, mature, and green fields in Brazil, supplying an excellent analogue for Kenya and larger East Africa unexplored basins.

New play concepts William Gordon-Canning (Total) opened the second session with a keynote address on ‘The Brulpadda discovery and accelerated follow-up de-risking in a complex environment’. Seismic data acquisition and drilling led to further discovery in the same basin. There followed two talks from Shell - Koen van Toorenenburg on ‘Reconstruction of sediment routing into the South African Cape Basin for reservoir quality predictions’ and Jochem Bijkerk on ‘Reviving the Cretaceous deep water clastics plays of Southern Namibia’.

The first evening, break-out rooms were organized geographically, one on South Africa and Namibia Basin, the other on Eastern Africa onshore and offshore.

This led to informal exchanges about ongoing activities in the area.

Applied geoscience projects Session 4 highlighted how important and diverse the role of a geologist in modern society is. We learned how subsurface exploration workflows can address different challenges, from aquifer characterization for water research to geothermal exploration. The session comprised three talks: ‘Regional aquifer characterization in the Buliisa area, Uganda’, presented by Cedric Loiseau (Total), ‘Identification of bypassed oil in carbonate buildup reservoir at mature field with integration of saturation log and cement bond quality’ presented by Ivan Barus (Pertamina), and ‘3D seismic evidence for the Beira High as a continental fragment’ presented by Edward Habgood, on behalf of Steve Sutton (ExxonMobil).

The main agenda on the second day closed with an informal discussion on the future of sustainability following a talk presented by Kukunda Ndyamuhaki (Makerere University, Uganda) on ‘Exploiting the geothermal potential of East Africa for energy diversification and sustainability’.

Two further evening break-out rooms discussed ‘Geoscience for society’ and ‘Links between industry and academia’.

Above ground risk operating in East Africa In the third session on the above-ground conditions and risks related to East Africa operations. Lucy Obwogo (National Oil Corporation, Kenya) presented a Kenyan case study to highlight the need for the definition and implementation of local content policies to regulate the relations between the governments and operating IOC. Definition of the oil and gas legal framework at the country level is a critical step to fostering collaboration with foreign investors as well as to guarantee benefits for the hosting national economies.

From a technical point of view, promoting ‘low impact’ survey techniques, 2021

Applications of new technology Session 5’s opening talk, presented by Galo San Miguel (Total), showed how stratigraphic forward modelling applied to Lake Albert can help in evaluating reservoirs and source rocks intervals.

The animated discussion helped to better understand which input parameters are needed to set up the model and how to

EAGE NEWS

constrain the thermal history of this young rift basin.

The second contribution from Kathleen Asena (National Oil Corporation, Kenya) presented the use of 2D coda attenuation waves for imaging of sub-basaltic regions.

The author used data from the North Sea as a test for future applications in the East Africa margin. The third talk from Reagan Africa (University of Western Cape) on the Northern Orange Basin in South Africa presented reservoir delineation and characterization using genetic inversion and seismic attributes. The final paper by James Ecau (Petroleum Authority of Uganda) presented a standardized checklist for quality checking of geomodelling workflows focused on greenfield development in the Albertine Graben.

Unconventional potential During the last session Selwyn Adams (PASA) showed the unconventional potential in South Africa within the Karoo Basin for shale gas and CBM. The seismic, borehole and geochemical data confirmed the shale geology of the basin has recoverable resources estimated at 208 Tcf. This Basin has also coal bed methane potential, and the case study by Xavier Schalkwyk (PASA) case study of the Ermelo coalfield revealed that gas in place had estimated resources of 1-5 Tcf. However, dyke intrusions break up the coal seams, generating a structurally complex environment.

EAGE would like to thank the technical committee and the speakers for a successful

Great Rift Valley, Tanzania.

online forum and Total for their generous contribution as the Platinum Sponsor. We look forward to a Sixth EAGE Eastern Africa Petroleum Geoscience Forum.

When nimble autonomous nodes meet simultaneous shooting Report on evening talk at EAGE London Chapter by Amine Ourabah, head of processing, STRYDE Before Amine Ourabah’s talk, we ran a short interactive Kahoot quiz on a seismic acquisition theme to warm up the audience, to boost the engagement and to introduce the subject of the evening.

During his presentation, Ourabah showed some impressive seismic data from a very dense field trial acquired in the UAE using a disruptive nodal technology combined with simultaneous source acquisition.

In 2019, an ultra-high-density land seismic 3D survey acquired with nodes was completed by ADNOC in the UAE. This was achieved using Stryde nodes and an aggressive simultaneous shooting scheme with 16 Vibroseis. The survey, covering 83 km2 of sand dunes and oilfield infrastructure, had many operational objectives, all achieved with impressive numbers (e.g., 183 million traces per km2 sampling density with half million node’s deployments).

Ourabah discussed the fitness of this type of dataset to multiple processing routes, the value of acquiring it for the first time, and how to acquire it safely and efficiently. He provided an overview of

the source separation results and superior quality of the derived seismic attributes that support the robustness and efficiency of such acquisition method Recording of the talk is available on the EAGE’s YouTube channel. The lecture marks a one-year anniversary of the online webinar activities of London Chapter.

Over this time, it has organized 11 webinars on various geo-science related topics.

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Ourabah made the first presentation in April 2020 and now the eleventh in April 2021 for which we are most grateful.

EAGE Local Chapter London acknowledges Artem Kashubin of PetroTrace, Bingmu Xiao of CGG, Lok Lee of Schlumberger, Celina Giersz of Stryde, Yulia Biryaltseva of Equinor, Ali Karagul of Total, and Azza Salem of TGS for arranging this event.

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Transition role of organic geochemistry to headline virtual IMOG 2021 The potential role of organic chemistry studies in shaping both climate change mitigation and more eco-friendly hydrocarbons exploitation is why EAGE is an enthusiastic organizer of the International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry (IMOG) taking place from 12–17 September 2021. This year will be the 30th gathering of this increasingly popular event under the auspices of the European Association of Organic Geochemists (EAOG). Over 400 delegates from 41 countries attended the last meeting in Gothenburg, Sweden.

Courtney Turich, EAOG Board member, explains how the IMOG series has been offering a continuing review of the evolution of geochemistry from discovery of new compounds to investigate, new analytical tools to use, and new problems to solve. New classes of compounds identified over the years now form a robust and constant record of ancient earth properties such as sea temperatures, soil acidity, and carbon cycle dynamics in both marine and terrestrial systems.

Courtney Turich, EAOG Board member.

‘The irony,’ Turich says, ‘is that our field also includes fossil carbon studies and, as a community, we witness the synergies between petroleum as an energy source and as a source of climate change.

This is because geomolecules can be isolated from sediments and provide understanding of past depositional systems, proxies of paleoclimate, and organism evolution. The oil and gas fuelling fossil energy are composed of organic geochemical compounds. Therefore, the field has been very important to optimizing petroleum reservoir characterization and performance.

‘In a sense,’ Turich adds, we are a community in transition with many intersections to engage in from diversity and inclusion in the sciences, to supporting students, to understanding the geochemical record of climate change, to helping the petroleum energy industry provide affordable solutions for E&P operations including decommissioning during this era of needed global energy transition.’

No one needs to miss out on the programme as the event will be held fully online this year. Oral and poster presentations will be organized under four main topics.

Biochemistry sessions will cover preservation and transformation of organic matter in the bio- and geosphere, degradation of organic matter, palaeo-environment, stable isotopes, carbon and nitrogen cycles, marine chemistry.

Petroleum and Coal Geochemistry deals with all issues related to petroleum formation and systems, with emphasis on geochemical controls on reservoir

Gothenburg hosted the last IMOG meeting.

fluid properties, generation and migration of petroleum and gas, basin modelling, reservoir and production geochemistry, organic solids, kinetics, source rocks, fluid inclusions, and oil-rock interactions.

Environmental and Soil Geochemistry brings in discussion of industrial pollution and natural pollution, their sources and effects on the environment. Alteration of organic matter as a result of pollution of the air, water, soil and sediments is also on the agenda.

New Trends, Technologies and Innovations in Organic Geochemistry will consider organic geochemistry expertise and tools for new disciplines. This also means inter-disciplinary aspects of geochemistry (archaeology, biochemistry, DNA, oceanography) as well as integrated and revolutionary studies.

As in 2019, there is still an opportunity to submit late-breaking abstracts as poster presentations, before 1 August, which can update delegates on latest developments in the field. For all details on the event, please go to the IMOG 2021 website.

The EAGE Student Fund supports student activities that help students bridge the gap between university and professional environments. This is only possible with the support from the EAGE community. If you want to support the next generation of geoscientists and engineers, go to donate.eagestudentfund.org or simply scan the QR code.

Many thanks for your donation in advance!

D O N AT E T O DAY !

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PERSONAL RECORD INTERVIEW

Oz Yilmaz

Personal Record Interview A journey from time to depth and back Oz Yilmaz is a world-renowned figure in geoscience research, with 48 years in the oil and gas business, currently chief technology officer of Houston-based GeoTomo. Best known for his definitive twovolume Seismic Data Analysis (2001) and a more recent textbook on Engineering Seismology (2015), his forthcoming book is entitled Land Seismic Case Studies.

His career and writing belies a remarkable journey beginning in a small village in Turkey, son of an elementary school teacher.

Starting in Turkey, there must be a story behind your university education in the United States?

In high school, I had a geology teacher who inspired me to be curious about nature and physical geology. In the summer of 1966, after I graduated from high school, I took the government scholarship exams to study abroad. I began my undergraduate studies in geology at the University of Missouri-Rolla, but soon realized that I had to satisfy my thirst for math and physics. Thus, I had a Bachelor’s degree in geology with geophysics option. I then went to Stanford and did rock physics and earthquake seismology for my Master’s degree, and exploration seismology for my Doctoral degree.

How do you go about the process of writing a book?

First step is to draft an outline with chapter titles and section titles for each chapter. Second, for each section, I construct the individual (a), (b), (c) … elements of each figure, and compose the figures accordingly. This step does not have to be in order. Depending on the raw material at hand, I may first construct the figures for a section that is in a later chapter. Next, I write the figure captions, but rather comprehensively, incorporating as much detail as necessary. I then draft the main text for the section under consideration based on the details of the figure captions, from which details are subsequently removed. Once I finish a chapter, I write the introduction section for it. And once I finish all the chapters, I write the introduction chapter for the book.

Your book on engineering seismology has moved away from mainstream oil and gas research.

Is there a reason for this?

In 2000, I decided to focus on land seismic exploration. I designed and developed a workflow-based land seismic data analysis software package for near-surface modelling and subsurface imaging. In land seismic, an important problem is to estimate an accurate velocity-depth model for the near surface for statics corrections. I therefore decided to investigate the near surface wave phenomenon in great detail. That led me to conduct numerous projects in engineering seismology for which the subject matter is the near surface. Engineering Seismology published in 2015 was the result of compiling all the research work and engineering projects I have conducted. Naturally, the next stage in my writing was to compile all the workflow-based near-surface modelling and subsurface imaging projects. This new volume Land Seismic Case Studies due out this month is for the practising geophysicists in oil and gas exploration.

For years your mantra was seismic analysis in the depth domain. Has that changed?

After years of exhausting effort, I have reached a conclusion which I express by a verse that is the preamble of the introduction chapter of the new book. My message is that the idealism of the young age has surrendered to the realism of the old age.

In an already long career, what are you most proud of so far?

I am proud of the many colleagues with whom I jointly worked on many research FIRST

topics and who have inspired me and fueled my enthusiasm for earthquake seismology, engineering seismology, and exploration seismology.

Is the future healthy for students of geoscience and engineering?

While we are in the irreversible decline phase of the oil and gas exploration, there is a wide world of earthquake seismology and engineering seismology in particular, and engineering geophysics in general that includes applications of non-seismic methods. Therefore, there is much joy in pursuing a career in geophysics in the future.

In this regard, it is indeed a very wise step that EAGE has taken to widen the world of geophysics by extending the society’s attention to engineering geophysics.

How convinced are you of the benefits of ‘digitalization’ in geoscientific work?

There has been a strong push to apply AI with its variants — machine learning, deep learning, convolutional neural network — to solve difficult problems in exploration seismology, thanks to the highly influential propaganda by the hightech companies of the Silicon Valley. With regards to AI’s applicability to problems in seismic data processing, inversion, interpretation, and integration of diverse geoscience data, it is in the latter case, and to some extent in seismic interpretation that AI methods have been rather successful. Whereas, problems in processing and inversion really require natural not artificial intelligence. I base this on my experience in testing the AI algorithms for these two categories.

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In search of a geoscience prescription Probably not since the Second World War has one issue dominatNot directly related to Covid considerations, there actually ed the daily lives of so many in the way the Covid-19 pandemic has been a growing confluence between geoscience and the has done in this past year or so. The geoscience community like medical field. Increasing interest in the inter-disciplinary study many other professional groups has been peculiarly helpless in of the relationships between geo-environmental factors and coming up with any science-based contribution to mitigating or the health of plants, animals and humans has given rise to a new discipline. It might easily have been stunted at birth if analysing the crisis. Not that there were any expectations.

Full marks, therefore, to researchers at the University of early advocates had stuck with the original scientific term for Leicester’s Centre for Palaeobiology. They have had the presence this discipline, namely hydrobiogeochemoepidemiopathoecology. of mind to look ahead instead, asking whether in geological Luckily they settled for medical geology. What apparently started ages to come the pandemic will leave any detectable sign of its as a few geochemists in the 1960s trying to decipher potential occurrence. One morbid conclusion is that human fossils are links between the natural geochemical environment and the unlikely to provide much clue, because Covid victims will likely health of people living in a particular area led to the establishbe difficult to distinguish from any other cause of death. ment in 2006 of the International Medical Geology Association On the other hand, the spike in potential ‘technofossils’ in the IMGA). Its website provides a good clue to its mission quoting form of disposable face masks and gloves may will find their way Paracelsus, the Renaissance era Swiss physician (1493-1541) – ‘All substances are poisons; there is none which is not a into the geological cycle. As the researchers point out, these items are plastic-based, durable and therefore easily fossilized. They poison. Only the dose differentiates a poison and a remedy.’ speculate that relatively intact gloves and In Geologica Acta, 5 (3), 2007, Bunnell et al., authors who were prime movers masks may accumulate in river beds or ‘All substances are at the bottom of lakes and, as they are in the early days of IMGA, outlined five poisons; there is none covered with sediment, will fossilize into principal goals: 1) To identify geochemical newly formed rocks. Of course much of which is not a poison…’ anomalies in soils, sediments, and water this medical detritus will be carried into that may adversely impact human and ani(Paracelsus). the oceans and end up washed on beaches mal health; 2) To identify the environmenaround the world, quite probably to be tal causes of known health problems and, recycled back into the sea via waste disposable. Material could in collaboration with bio- medical/public health researchers, seek also find its way to mid-ocean so-called plastic islands to eventusolutions to prevent or minimize these problems; 3) To evaluate ally degrade into the countless billions of microplastic fragments the beneficial health effects of geologic materials and process; 4) drifting down into deep-sea muds.

To reassure the public when there are unwarranted environmental The Leicester study, described as a thought experiment, conhealth concerns associated with geologic materials or processes; cludes that for Covid to be set in stone, so to speak, it would be and 5) To forge links between developed and developing countries if the pandemic acted ‘as a catalyst to change society’s planetary to find solutions for environmental health problems. impact, such as by decarbonizing industry across the world.’ Then The authors suggested that, among other environmental rock strata might signal whether the Anthropocene intensified health problems, geologists and the medical community could or instead deflected away from its current ‘Hothouse Earth’ collaborate on exposure to natural dust and to radioactivity; expodirection. Even so, a few geological ages from now, it would be sure to toxic levels of trace essential and non-essential elements hard to identify the cause of this transition as a global pandemic. such as arsenic and mercury; nutrient trace element deficiencies;

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naturally occurring toxic organic and inorganic compounds in Last but not least we come to geophysics and medicine where drinking water; identification and effects of volcanic emissions, there has been a longstanding affinity. Here Crosstalk willingly pays tribute to the late Prof Larry Lines (1949-2019), charismatic etc. They stated that geoscientists could join the party as they offer an array of tools and databases that can be used by the geophysics professor at the University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. environmental health community to study vector-borne diseases, In his last years he contributed some notable thoughts on the symbiosis between geophysics and medicine. In a CREWES to model the dispersion of pollutants in surface and ground water and in the air, plus have applications for occupational health Research Report (Vol. 30, 2018) he described geophysical and problems resulting from exposure to minerals. medical imaging as operations conducted prior to more invasive procedures - geophysical imaging ahead of costly drilling and Medical geology should not be confused with medical medical imaging to inform before potential surgical intervention. geography. This looks at the geographical distribution of disease He rather mischievously noted that in both cases the imaging was while not focusing on the underlying geology, but some overlap targeting anomalies but with different expectations. Anomalies in this multi-disciplinary science seems inevitable. IMGA admits found in the geophysical context could lead to a positive outcome, the field of study is complex. For example, on its website it highwhile we don’t want to find anomalies in the human body that may lights a study in Iran (to be found in the Journal of Agricultural point to a malign condition.

Science and Food) under the somewhat uninviting title of ‘The Lines drew comparisons between seismic tomography, of Medical Geology and Discovery of Taranjebin Manna as a Hyper which he was an authority, and the computer-aided tomography of Selenium Accumulator; Biomedical and Ethno-Medical Efficacy CT scans in the medical field. He said that ‘instead of evaluating Links to Calc-alkaline and Alkalic Tethyan Magmatic Arcs’. travel times as in seismic tomography, the CT experiment deals This turns out to be a fascinating validation of the assumed to with the decays of X-ray multiples in propagation through the be beneficial selenium content of a gum exudate giving it a high human body’. CTs (using a Fournier ethno-medical demand in Iran as well as 0 proving an export business.

‘Engineers also get a look method) require a full 360 scanning of the object, not applicable to geophysiA more accessible reference to mediinto the emerging area cal tomography where Lines wrote that cal geology studies can be located in the sources and receivers are on the Earth’s Medical Geology Impacts of the Natural of medical geology.’ surface or in boreholes so that the aperEnvironment on Public Health, edited by ture scan is restricted to much less than 3600.

Jose A Centeno, Robert B. Finkelman and Olle Selinus. This 2016 With reference to electromagnetic imaging of the Earth and the open access volume was originally published as a special issue of body, Lines notes that GPR imaging of the near surface is valid at Geosciences in 2014, and provides plenty of illustrations of what depths of a few metres but for EM imaging of the human body, the medical geology has to offer in practice. wavelengths involved are typically of the order of a few centimeThere are chapters on anthrax and the geochemistry of soils tres. This is why high frequency EM waves (microwaves) are used in the US; inhalation of airborne arsenic from mining operations; with frequencies in the order of 1-10 GHz. He cites an apparatus risk factors of E.coli 0157 and Cryptosporidiosis infection (not for measuring microwave transmissions to estimate dielectric propgood) in individuals in the Karst valleys of East Tennessee; erties of the human breast to detect possible tumours, and suggests geogenic contaminants in water co-produced with coal seam gas this method could improve medical tomography imaging. extraction in Queensland, Australia; a Portuguese case study of Meanwhile the closest similarity to reflection seismology in heavy metal and hazard materials exposure at the Panasqueira medical imaging is ultrasound imaging, according to the review mine; environmental risk assessment of potentially toxic elereview. Seismic reflection imaging uses the same principle as ments sampled on stream sediments of Santiago, Cape Verde; ultrasound while operating at much lower frequencies (ultrasound legacy of uranium development around US Indian reservations; waves have frequencies greater than 20,000 Hz). In both cases geogenic trace elements from Danish drinking water; health risks improved resolution will occur at high frequencies at the expense of uranium in home water wells; and impact of artisanal and of increased attenuation. small-scale gold mining on environment and human health in a Finally, Lines noted that with co-author Joan Embleton he had region of Indonesia. explored how spinal decompression used as a non-invasive alterFor those wondering, engineers also get a look into the native to surgery involves principles very similar to the vibroseis emerging area of medical geology. In the 2016 January issue of technology deployed in land seismic surveys.

International Journal of Health Geographics, a wide ranging Although Lines expressed optimism about the promise of review of medical geology challenges, Maged N. Kamel Boulos synergies between geophysicists, electrical engineers and medical and Jennifer le Blond describe how an article in the IMGA newsimagers, further research is probably not top priority in the current letter entitled ‘Geomedical engineering: a new and captivating pandemic era. The same applies to medical geology, however prospect’ by A. Ur-Rehman formalized the idea of applying valuable the intention. engineering practice principles to medical geology issues.

Views expressed in Crosstalk are solely those of the author, who can be contacted at andrew@andrewmcbarnet.com.

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Shearwater buys former Polarcus vessels

Naila, one of the six Polarcus’ explorer class vessels.

Shearwater GeoServices has acquired the former Polarcus fleet of six vessels for $127.5 million as well as Polarcus’ streamers and related seismic equipment for $50 million.

The Norwegian-based seismic contractor bought the vessels and equipment from Tiger Moth, a company affiliated with Woodstreet, after the bankrupted Polarcus was forced to cede ownership of the vessels to its creditors.

Shearwater has taken out a $107.5 million loan with DNB and GIEK and a convertible loan from its part-owner Rasmussengruppen for $85 million to pay for the acquisitions.

Shearwater CEO Irene Waage Basili said that the addition of the Polarcus’ explorer class vessels Naila, Asima, Alima, Adira, Nadia and Amani would enable Shearwater to modernize its fleet and expand into ocean bottom seismic market.

‘These investments allow us to significantly extend the commercial life of our

fleet and streamer pool and to accelerate our fleet renewal programme to meet regulatory and public expectations facing our industry. By extending the runway of our asset base and maintaining our scale, we are proactively strengthening Shearwater’s position to invest in new technologies and the growing seabed market,’ said Shearwater CEO Irene Waage Basili.

Shearwater was established in 2016 with four vessels owned by GC Rieber and streamer equipment and assets taken over from the bankrupted Dolphin Geophysical. It is based in Bergen, Norway and is owned by Rasmussengruppen, GC Rieber Shipping, Schlumberger and Eidesvik. The company expanded its fleet in 2018 by taking on ten vessels (including seven 3D vessels and three multi-purpose vessels) formerly owned by WesternGeco along with related streamer equipment, proprietary technology and manufacturing facilities in Norway and Malaysia. The deal was financed with a $325 million loan.

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In January 2020 Shearwater took ownership of five seismic vessels, two legacy seismic vessels and related streamer equipment owned by CGG and Eidesvik.

The latest transaction brings Shearwater’s fleet up to 28 vessels, including three ocean bottom ships and two source vessels.

Shearwater is banking on a recovery of the seismic acquisition market this year with a higher oil price, pandemic restrictions easing and big oil companies urgently needing to replenish their oil and gas reserves. The highly leveraged company negotiated a $474 million loan facility in January, which included the issuing of new equity.

The latest deal to acquire the six vessels and equipment was negotiated after Polarcus agreed with its creditors to transfer ownership of its fleet and other assets after the company defaulted on loans and bonds that were due in January 2021. Under the terms of a standstill agreement, lenders pledged to refrain from exercising any further security interests over the Polarcus Group.

The agreement was negotiated by Polarcus’ joint provisional liquidators (JPLs). Each director from the JPLs has now stood down, trading in Polarcus’ shares remains suspended and the company is now expected to be placed into official liquidation.

Peter Zickerman’s new seismic company PXGEO recently took over the remaining Polarcus vessel Vyacheslav Tikhonov, chartered to Sovcomflot.

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Big Oils proven reserves could run out in less than 15 years warns Rystad Energy The proven oil and gas reserves of ‘Big Oil’ are falling at an alarming rate, as produced volumes are not being fully replaced with new discoveries, research from Rystad Energy shows.

Big Oil lost 15% of its stock levels in the ground last year, with remaining reserves set to run out in less than 15 years – unless the group makes more commercial discoveries, and fast.

The task is becoming more and more challenging as investments in exploration shrink and success rates slump.

The declining proven reserves could create serious challenges for Big Oil (ExxonMobil, BP, Shell, Chevron, Total and Eni) to maintain stable production levels in coming years. This would in turn cause revenue to dwindle and pose a major threat to the financing of the group’s energy transition plans.

Big Oil’s proven reserves dropped by 13 billion barrels of oil equivalent (boe) in 2020 as the companies took large impairment charges. Meanwhile, the industry’s global first-quarter discovered volumes totalled 1.2 billion boe, the lowest in seven years, as high-ranked prospects failed to deliver and success-

ful wildcats only yielded modest-sized finds.

‘The ability of Big Oil to generate future revenues will continue to depend on the volume of oil and gas the companies have at their disposal to sell. If reserves are not high enough to sustain production levels companies will find it difficult to fund expensive energy transition projects, resulting in a slowdown of their clean energy plans,’ says Parul Chopra, vice president of upstream research at Rystad Energy.

ExxonMobil’s proven reserves shrank by 7 billion boe in 2020, or 30%, from 2019 levels. This was mainly due to reductions in Canadian oil sands and US shale gas properties. Also, ExxonMobil’s proven gas reserves dropped last year by 9 trillion cubic feet, mostly in the US. Shell’s proven reserves fell by 20% to 9 billion boe last year. Liquid reserves accounted for one-third of total reductions and were mostly down to US and South American projects, and a lack of new discoveries elsewhere. Gas reserves accounted for two-thirds of the reductions, led by a 600 million boe revision in Australian projects.

Chevron also suffered reserve losses due to impairments, despite the addition of around 2 billion boe of proven reserves to its inventory through the acquisition of Noble Energy. Similarly, BP’s total proven reserves dropped from 19 billion boe in 2019 to 18 billion boe in 2020, mainly due to the sale of existing assets and a lack of major new discoveries. Total and Eni, however, have been able to avoid any reduction in proven reserves over the past decade.

Over the past five years, the six majors have replaced only 45% of their production through reserves from new discoveries. ExxonMobil fared better than its peers, adding more than 70% of the produced reserves thanks to 9 billion boe of discovered volumes in the offshore Stabroek Block in Guyana.

Total also enjoyed significant exploration success last year in the Guyana-Suriname basin, while Eni did well thanks to success in Africa. Chevron and Shell, on the other hand, have struggled to register new discovered volumes.

Chevron managed to replace only 15% of its produced volumes from 2016 through 2020, while Shell replaced 27%.

TGS reprocesses 3D offshore Timor-Lest and Australia TGS is reprocessing the Kyranis 3D survey offshore Timor-Leste and Australia.

The 9024 km2 multi-client survey will provide 3D broadband PSDM imaging for the first time in an area that has recently reopened for exploration after the ratification of the Maritime Boundary Treaty. The survey area includes blocks that are currently being offered in licensing rounds.

‘TGS anticipates significant uplift in quality beyond the original PSTM data which was acquired in 2012.

Utilization of modern imaging techniques, including FWI, will enable a significantly enhanced evaluation of the prospectivity of the area,’ said a company statement. ‘The application of broadband PSDM will facilitate 20

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TGS full waveform inversion sample

better penetration and the removal of ghost signals for more accurate wavelet construction, improved coherent noise suppression and more precise velocity modelling.’

Fast-track data are expected in Q4 2021 with final data due Q2 2022.

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Meanwhile, TGS is expecting first quarter 2021 revenues of $186 million, up from $52 million in Q1 2020. Net segment revenues are expected to be approximately $75 million, compared with $152 million in Q1 2020.

Kristian Johansen, CEO at TGS, said: ‘As expected the challenging market conditions continued in Q1 2021.

However, we remain cautiously optimistic for the remainder of the year, with the higher oil prices expected to result in higher activity level in the latter part of the year.’

‘Relatively low investments’ of $37 million have resulted in a cash balance in excess of $250 million at quarter close. Our confidence in strong cash flow continues to develop.

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CGG delivers reimaging of Santos pre-salt play offshore Brazil CGG has released fast-track data from its Agata reimaging programme over the Agata block in the Santos Basin, offshore Brazil. The data set covering more than 9300 km2 will aid oil and gas companies in evaluating the potential of the Agata block prior to Brazil’s upcoming 7th production sharing bidding round.

The Agata prospect is composed of ultra-deep pre-salt targets located below a highly deformed salt layer. Imaging in this area is particularly challenging due to the complexity of the salt geometry combined with an entangled network of igneous rocks in the post-salt associated with the Cabo Frio high volcanic activity. The reimaging programme is designed to improve the base of salt continuity, lateral coherence and overall resolution to deliver improved images.

Map showing the location of CGG’s Agata reimaging programme offshore Brazil.

The Agata programme reimages CGG’s legacy Santos VII broadband multi-client data set with inter-bed multiple attenuation and Time-Lag FWI. The integrated project team also includes geologists who are providing expertise for salt scenario testing and detailed interpretation.

Final migrations, including a TTI Kirchhoff and 45Hz RTM, are underway.

Phase one was expected to be available in May, providing approx. 2373 km2 of data directly over the Agata block in preparation for Round 7. Phase II will incorporate the remaining 7007 km2 of the project area.

PGS reports improved first quarter results but net loss is $39 million on revenues of $166 million PGS has reported a first quarter net loss of $39 million on overall revenues of $166 million compared with a net loss of $117.5 million on overall revenues of $129 million in the first quarter of 2020.

The company made an operating loss of $2 million compared with an operating loss of $80 million in Q1 2020 and a segment revenue of $14 million compared to $16 million in Q1 2020.

Multi-client prefunding revenues of $46.3 million, with a corresponding pre-funding level of 107%, compared to $40.7 million and 60% in Q1 2020. Multi-client late sales of $49 million compared with $33.5 million in Q1 2020. Contract revenues of $25 million were down from $85 million in Q1 2020. Cash flow from operations of $88.6 million, compared to $176 million in Q1 2020.

Rune Olav Pedersen, president and chief executive officer, said the order book had increased during the quarter, leading to the reactivation of the vessel Ramform Vanguard. Projects won in the quarter included a simultaneous node and streamer survey for Lundin Norway in

the Barents Sea and a long-term framework agreement to carry out surveys for Equinor.

‘Our multi-client revenues significantly improved compared to Q1 2020. Strong client commitments to ongoing multi-client projects delivered a pre-funding level of 107% of the capitalized multi-client cash investment. Multi-client late sales were encouraging, and with revenues close to $50 million we are off to a good start for the year.

‘A general demand increase, in combination with deferred 2020 work coming back to the market, supports our positive order book development. We are now well booked for Q2 and Q3, and we have good visibility into the coming winter season.’

PGS said that it expects the oil price level, the global recovery from the Covid19 pandemic, and the effects of deferred projects from last year to support a gradual increase of demand for seismic services in 2021. ‘Despite the impacts of the Covid19 crisis, energy consumption is expected to continue to increase longer term with oil and gas remaining an important part

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of the energy mix as the global energy transition evolves. Offshore reserves will be vital for future supply and support demand for marine seismic services. The recovery of the contract market is likely to also benefit from less seismic vessels operating in the international market,’ said PGS in a statement.

The company expects full-year 2021 gross cash costs to be approximately $400 million, based on five 3D vessels in operation throughout 2021 and Ramform Vanguard in operation during Q2 and Q3.

In 2021 multi-client cash investments are expected to be approximately $150 million. Approximately 45% of 2021 active 3D vessel time is expected to be allocated to multi-client acquisition.

Capital expenditure for 2021 is expected to be approximately $40 million.

The order book totalled $237 million on March 31, 2021 (including $72 million relating to multi-client). The order book was $202 million on December 31, 2020 and $217 million on March 31, 2020.

Gross cash costs decreased by $62 million or 40% compared to Q1 2020.

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Rystad downgrades its peak oil demand forecast Electrification in transport and other oil-dependent sectors is accelerating faster than previous forecasts, says Rystad Energy.

The company is downgrading its peak oil demand forecast to 101.6 million barrels per day (bpd) in 2026 plateauing before falling below 100 million bpd after 2030. It previously estimated in October 2020 that oil demand would peak at 102.2 million bpd in 2028. Before Covid-19 Rystad had predicted peak oil demand of just over 106 million bpd in 2030.

Oil demand will be whittled away mainly by a growing electric vehicle (EV) market.

Other tectonic shifts will be a growing share of hydrogen in the petrochemical sector, and oil substitution in power, agriculture, and maritime sectors. There will still be thriving oil demand in other sectors in the mid-term, such as trucks, maritime, petrochemicals and aviation in the long term.

‘Oil demand will evolve in three phases. Through to 2025, oil demand is still affected by Covid-19 impacts and EVs are still slow to take off, then in 20252035, structural declines and substitution impacts, especially in trucks, take hold, and then finally, towards 2050, the recycling of plastics and accelerated technologies in maritime will be the final transition leg bringing oil demand down towards 51 million bpd in 2050 in our mean case,’ said Sofia Guidi Di Sante, oil markets analyst at Rystad Energy.

Road transport (passenger vehicles, buses and freight), which makes up more

than 48% of oil demand, will be the ultimate driver of the transition. The swiftest transition is well underway in the electric passenger vehicle sector, which makes up 6% of global vehicle sales, but will account for 23% by 2025 and then accelerate towards 96% penetration by 2050.

Trucks, which account for 18% of total demand, will electrify in the mid-2030s.

Buses will also undergo a gradual transition from petroleum diesel to electric and biofuels. The EV truck market share will rise to 6% in 2025, 21% in 2030, and 61% in 2040.

Petrochemicals, which make up 14% of total oil demand, are expected to grow until at least the mid-2030s as plastics consumption per capita grows worldwide.

The demand then peaks as plastics recycling rates converge towards 75-80%, as observed in glass and metals, from the

current rate of 5%, while hydrogen-sourced feedstock picks up from less than 1% today to 30% of the virgin petrochemical feedstock for LDPE, HDPE, PP and PVC plastics production in 2030.

Maritime, which makes up 6% of demand, is expected to be dominated by oil at least until the mid-2030s, after which Rystad expects to see switching to LNG, hydrogen, electric batteries, and other carbon-neutral vessels, especially in newbuilds. This sector has already undergone a big transition from high-sulphur fuel to ultra-low sulphur fuel.

Aviation, which makes up less than 7% of oil demand, is expected to continue to grow until 2050 as no viable oil substitution technology exists, although the gradual introduction of bio-jet fuel will limit pure kerosene jet fuel demand growth.

Source: Rystad Energy OilMarketCube, research and analysis.

Polaris wins 2D seismic survey onshore Zimbabwe Polaris Natural Resources has won a contract to shoot a 2D seismic survey of the Cabora Bassa area onshore Zimbabwe for client Invictus Energy.

Canada’s oldest seismic acquisition company intends to conduct, process, and interpret a minimum of 400 line km of 2D seismic data in order to refine the Mzarabani-1 drilling location and well path and identify additional prospectivity for the upcoming drilling campaign.

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sate target, which is potentially the largest, undrilled seismically defined structure onshore Africa. The prospect is defined by a dataset acquired by Mobil in the early 1990s that includes seismic, gravity, aeromagnetic and geochemical data.

Polaris has appointed Barry Meikle as seismic project manager on the project. Meikle is based in Zimbabwe and has extensive experience in onshore seismic acquisition projects with Total and Interoil, and project management expertise with oilfield service companies in East Africa.

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Polaris has conducted more than 1000 seismic projects since 1996 and introduced the first ‘low impact seismic crew’ into Africa in 2008. The company has conducted more than 15 projects in East Africa.

Polaris has pledged to implement an 85% local content policy on all of its operations regarding employment, supplies and consumables.

The campaign will involve the training and deployment of approx. 80 local field crew for the seismic acquisition programme.

INDUSTRY NEWS

TGS sets out strategy for net zero

CGG enhances PleXus data management tool CGG’s Smart Data Solutions has released an enhanced version of PleXus, its cloud-based online data management portal. The new system offers a scalable, flexible solution for easy, fast and focused access to subsurface geoscience assets, claimed CGG. Its enhanced interface enables users to easily search, order and view data assets via a single, customizable dashboard, offering powerful search and reporting, easy data upload/download, GIS mapping and a convenient ‘frequently used’ area to return to recent project work.

Security features include time-based revision and non-use expiration, brute force attack lockout, and encrypted password storage as well as more needs-based options for entitlements to allow more specific operational and data access.

Kerry Blinston, VP, Smart Data Solutions, CGG, said: ‘This PleXus release comes at a time when our industry needs to take control of its data with time-saving technology that will boost performance and mitigate costs.

Its enhanced capabilities simplify access and eliminate unnecessary ‘mouse-clicks’, while securing long-term data governance and providing cloud-based flexibility and scalability.’

ECIU’s Net Zero Tracker monitors the long term 2050 targets and commitments of several different countries, states, cities and significant global companies. [https://eciu.net/].

TGS has set out the company’s environmental, social and governance (ESG) strategy towards achieving net zero emissions.

‘New ways of working, operating and manufacturing will be sought as businesses, such as service providers like TGS, have a crucial role to play as the world, and our customers, seek to meet the goal of carbon neutrality,’ said TGS in its latest Insights article. ‘Consequently, TGS looks to its own suppliers to provide products and services that fulfil carbon neutrality criteria.’

TGS has been reporting its Scope 1 and 2 emissions since 2018. At the start of 2021, it set a target to be net-zero for Scope 1 and 2 emissions by 2030. These emissions are largely tied to the natural gas usage and electricity usage in its offices and data centres. The success of TGS’ emissions reduction efforts is tied to executive compensation through a longterm incentive programme.

To target Scope 1 and 2 emissions, which totalled 13,971 mt CO2e in 2020, the company is taking a multi-faceted approach that includes utilizing more energy-efficient equipment, transitioning to and utilizing renewable energy sources, and offsetting emissions. TGS has partnered with Google Cloud and 25% of its 2020 data processing work by the Imaging department was performed in their carbon neutral data centres. TGS is also consolidating its data operations to its main data centre in Houston, Texas and retiring older, less energy-efficient equipment in

favour of equipment that provides 78% power efficiency improvement.

Therefore, while the company’s computing capability increased by 50% in 2020, power consumption only increased by 27%. Finally, it is looking to adapt offices to renewable energy sources. The corporate headquarters in Norway is already uses hydropower, and the company is aiming to convert its operational headquarters in Houston to solar power.

In 2019, TGS began reporting its emissions related to seismic operations, which are Scope 3, on a project-by-project basis. ‘We recognize that it will take an industry collaboration to find innovation and practical ways to address emissions related to seismic operations. To that end, we are taking an active role in the International Association of Geophysical Contractors’ (IACG) emissions working group, which includes vessel contractors, multi-client companies, and clients to set the standards for how our industry reports emissions related to seismic operations,’ said the Insight article.

As the company hones its strategy for a net-zero future, it has set a target of becoming net-zero in scope 1 and scope 2 emissions by 2030. Later this year, it will publish the results of its climate change scenario analysis that includes both a 2°C and a lower scenario based on the Paris Agreement. ‘To advance work on our scope 3 emissions, we are working to incorporate a climate-related impact analysis into our internal investment decision-making process.’

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PleXus’ advanced interface enables users to easily search, order and view corporate data assets via a single, customizable dashboard (image courtesy of CGG).

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PGS launches regional interpretation of Congo data PGS has launched a quantitative interpretation of its large MegaSurveyPlus dataset offshore Congo.

The geology of the region is revealed beyond block boundaries, enabling new insights into the petroleum systems, play fairways, and analogous discoveries.

Opportunities can now be analysed in prestack detail down to prospect level.

Offshore Congo’s proven pre and postsalt petroleum systems have been generating oil and gas for more than 50 years and the area has been extensively covered with 3D seismic data. However, the data was acquired piecemeal, with a focus on specific targets, said PGS. Congo’s national oil company SNPC partnered with PGS to match and merge final full-stack data from many legacy volumes to create 22,415 km2 of 3D data, 5331 km of matched 2D seismic data.

They then added regional interpretation with key horizons tied to released well data.

In 2019, that coverage was enhanced

by MegaSurveyPlus reprocessing of 3D data across nearly 9000 km of open and held acreage.

The Congo MegaSurveyPlus was constructed by reprocessing field data from the Congo MegaSurvey, using modern broadband imaging methodologies, including the elimination of multiples and depth velocity model building.

Congo MegaSurveyPlus comprises 3D data reprocessed from field tapes using modern broadband workflows.

Large lateral variations in velocity introduced by the carbonates and complex salt bodies are handled correctly, on a regional basis, allowing a clear 3D image under the salt for the first time while accurate salt geometry improves understanding of its role in sealing, hydrocarbon migration and trap development, said PGS. PGS set out to demonstrate the feasibility of using the clear structural image and consistently reprocessed prestack data provided by the Congo MegaSurveyPlus to generate reliable attributes for lead identification across a portion of the shelf.

The team took an integrated approach, treating the angle stacks with reser-

voir-orientated prestack conditioning (ResOP) to enhance the prestack seismic data. This data was used as input to PGS’ prospect scanner workflow, to estimate relative P-impedance, S-impedance, and Vp/Vs, allowing regional lithology and fluid screening, said PGS. Finally, applying the available well data to understand the rock-physics relationships in the area, a correlation was made from petrophysical properties to seismic responses found in hydrocarbon reservoirs, which typically display a low relative acoustic impedance and Vp/Vs compared to brine-filled reservoirs.

Farm-out deals are 50% down says Westwood research The 2020 oil price crash and Covid-19 pandemic were the catalysts for a 56% decrease in farm-out deals compared to 2019, according to research from Westwood Global Energy.

The farm-out market had been showing signs of recovery since the low in 2016, until the events of 2020 resulted in the number of completed exploration farm-outs dropping to the lowest level in the last decade.

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resilient, dropping by 24%, dominated by deals in maturing/mature plays in NW Europe. The onshore market has struggled, with no activity in Africa during 2020.

Shell and Qatar Petroleum completed three farm-ins each, whilst Total and Equinor traded out of equity in six and four deals respectively.

Westwood showed that the commercial success rate from farm-out drilling in 2020 is at a five-year high at 38%.

Ten commercial successes came from the 26 wells that were drilled after farmouts. The largest farm-out discovery was at Maka Central-1, offshore Suriname, 2021

where Total accessed Block 58 via a 50% farm-in to Apache.

The improved performance in farmout wells was a result of those drilled offshore UK and Norway, where the commercial success rate from farm-out wells in 2020 was 66%, higher than the 46% success rate achieved from all wells drilled in those two countries.

Counter cyclic explorers can take advantage of good deal terms and less competition in the present market, said Westwood. In 50% of deals in 2020 the buyer negotiated no more than their proportional share of future costs.

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Sharp Reflections expands its seismic data software into 4D Quantative seismic data analysis provider Sharp Reflections has upgraded its proprietary software PreStack Pro to expand its capabilities in the 4D domain.

The 6.2 update, developed in partnership with Equinor, improves pre-stack seismic analysis and production-based seismic interpretation.

Launched in early 2020, the project is aimed at developing PreStack Pro’s 4D processing and analysis functionalities, establishing an interactive framework for the efficient handling of time-lapse seismic data. With all volumes now organised into a single multi-vintage object, 4D visualization, post-processing and amplitude analysis are all streamlined.

PreStack Pro 6.2 introduces Vintage as a new data-type, used to organize pre-stack angle stacks or gathers into a single multi-dimensional volume with angle/offset and vintage as gather axes. All processing and data analysis algorithms automatically loop over all vintages, allowing users to execute

multi-vintage workflows in one simple step.

New Difference-in-Viewer functionality has been introduced to interactively calculate the difference between any two time-lapse surveys in both section and map view. Users set one vintage as a baseline, and automatically display differences between any other monitor volume. This new capability dramatically improves overall efficiency and data organization by eliminating the need to calculate and manage difference volumes. Difference-in-Viewer functionality is not restricted to 4D applications, and can be used to compare different processing flows, or to quickly display amplitude changes with offset or angle.

Match filtering has been improved with Global Filter Matching, to estimate and apply one filter to match two seismic volumes. This complements the Trace-by-Trace Matching algorithm released in PreStack Pro 6.0. Filters can be specified as output, manipulated using

Shearwater wins 3D survey offshore Vietnam

SeaBird wins first offshore wind contract SeaBird Exploration has won a contract for the Petrel Explorer as an accommodation vessel for a wind farm maintenance campaign in the Baltic Sea. The contract was due to start in late April with an expected duration of four months. This is the first contract in offshore wind for the company.

The Geo Barents, which the company had initially allocated to the contract, will be employed on a long-term contract, which is also outside of the seismic market.

Meanwhile, the company has entered into a charter contract on similar terms to those for chartering the Geo Barents for another third-party vessel with similar

other PreStack Pro algorithms, and then reapplied to the seismic volume.

Several existing algorithms have also been improved. RMO/NMO now supports vintage or azimuthally varying velocity and Eta-fields. Align2 now includes new modes for aligning timelapse data. EPS3D and ECED3D allowing auxiliary dip-volumes as input to better control dip-steered noise removal across vintages.

Users can now interactively pick seed points and display auto tracked horizons by linking the 3D Viewer with Horizon Tools.

Bill Shea, CEO of Sharp Reflections said: ‘With pre-stack gathers now available in a single volume, data organisation is vastly improved, leading to accelerated insights and improved context. For the first time, our users can quickly see where the changes are happening and analyse these in more detail without the need for manual calculations or comparisons.’

Shearwater GeoServices has won a 3D seismic survey from a major operator in Vietnam. The two-and-a-half-month project was due to commence in April 2021 and will be conducted by the vessel SW Vespucci.

‘This award contributes to an already strong portfolio of projects in the Asia Pacific region announced in recent weeks as market conditions improve,’ said Irene Waage Basili, CEO of Shearwater.

Shearwater added that it had experience of working for the same operator in the region ‘multiple times’ in recent years.

SW Vespucci is equipped with Qmarine technology and is capable of performing 2D, 3D, and 4D surveys.

Petrel Explorer will head to the Baltic.

capabilities, which is expected to start working for the company on a previously announced contract in May.

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Offshore wind capacity to hit 250 GW by 2030, says Rystad The offshore wind industry’s global installed capacity is set to exceed 250 gigawatts (GW) by 2030, driven by a surge in projects, a Rystad Energy report shows.

The combined capital and operational expenditure for the decade is set to rise to $810 billion.

The cumulative installed capacity of global offshore wind projects climbed to 33 GW in 2020, nearly tripling in size since 2016. Rystad expects the world’s installed capacity to hit an estimated 109 GW by 2025 and rise further to 251 GW by 2030, growing by 22% a year on average.

It estimates that total expenditure will amount to $56 billion in 2021 as almost 13 GW of capacity is expected to be commissioned, lifting the cumulative global installed capacity to 46 GW. Annual spending will rise to $126 billion in 2030, after a short-lived dip in 2022 and 2023. Capex today accounts for 95% of the total expenditure, with opex 5%. The capex share is expected to decline to about 80% by 2030, as all the new installed capacity will require more operational spending to run and maintain.

In 2030 offshore wind capex will be on a par with offshore oil and gas greenfield capex (excluding exploration work), at about $100 billion.

Europe, as the most mature market, is still expected to dominate offshore wind spending this decade, totalling about $300 billion. Some of the assets with the largest expenditures are located off the UK, including Orsted’s 4.8 GW Hornsea Two, Three and Four projects, which are lined up for more than $14 billion in capex. Some $11 billion in capex investment will be spent on the giant Dogger Bank project, to be developed in three 1.2 GW phases by SSE, while Scottish Power Renewable’s 3 GW East Anglia Hub will involve capex of beyond $8 billion.

China dominated annual spending between 2019 and 2021. This decade, the country is forecast to spend about $110 billion. Significant investments are expected in Asia this year, driven by Vietnam and Taiwan. Spending in South Korea and Japan will also increase beginning in 2023.

Meanwhile, the Americas region is falling behind due to delayed permitting processes for the US offshore wind industry, which are pushing back the expected startup years for a number of wind farms. The region is expected to spend just over $70 billion this decade on offshore wind projects, well below that of other global regions.

Rystad Energy expects North and South America will only start spending substantial

amounts on offshore wind in 2023. The first large-scale project in the US will be the 800-megawatt (MW) Vineyard Wind 1 scheme developed by Avangrid and the Copenhagen Infrastructure consortium off the coast of Massachusetts, with an estimated investment of $2.8 billion.

Meanwhile, fracking in North America has almost recovered to pre-pandemic levels, with the count of started frac jobs reaching a 12-month high in March 2021, a Rystad Energy report shows. The number of completed wells in the Permian basin during the first quarter of 2021 exceeded the required output maintenance level, so oil production is set to rise in the current quarter.

Rystad Energy has already registered 967 started frac operations in North America for March 2021 and estimated a final count for March to about 1064 wells – exceeding the January 2021 activity level by about 6.5%.

Nearly all big basins are positioned for at least production maintenance in the second quarter, or even some sequential production growth, as is the case with the Permian. The only exceptions are the Bakken and Anadarko regions, where operators may still struggle to cope with the base decline this quarter.

CGG leads AI study into global marine litter A consortium led by CGG has been selected by the European Space Agency’s Space Solutions initiative to undertake a study aimed at developing new environmental monitoring technology and services to help combat the global marine litter crisis.

CGG will collaborate with Mott MacDonald, a global engineering, management and development consultancy, and Brunel University London to develop environmental monitoring solutions based on CGG’s analysis and processing of Earth observation data and leveraging its artificial intelligence models.

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The first 12-month phase of the study will focus on establishing the technical feasibility and commercial viability of new satellite-based services for detecting large aggregations of floating plastics to improve understanding of the sources, pathways and trends of plastic pollution in marine and coastal environments.

The study will develop new solutions that could be implemented and demonstrated in a follow-on phase.

Meanwhile, CGG has signed an agreement to support dCarbonX in the subsurface assessment of its

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operated clean energy projects offshore Ireland and the UK (which include geothermal energy and storage sites for CO2, hydrogen and ammonia).

The company’s integrated geoscience solutions will help to identify and derisk subsurface storage, sequestration and geothermal energy sites utilizing its proprietary expertise in geological, geophysical, engineering, modelling and monitoring technologies, including instrumentation from Sercel, its equipment division.

INDUSTRY NEWS

Oil majors results round-up Equinor has reported adjusted earnings of $5.47 billion and $2.66 billion after tax in the first quarter of 2021. IFRS net operating income was $5.22 billion and the IFRS net income was $1.85 billion, compared to a net loss of $700 million in Q1 2020. The company booked capital gains of $1.4 billion from farm downs on renewables projects.

‘With sustained improvements and capital discipline, we are able to capture value from recovering oil and gas prices and achieve our best quarterly results since 2014,’ said Anders Opedal, president and CEO of Equinor.

Chevron has reported earnings of $1.4 billion for first quarter 2021, compared with $3.6 billion in first quarter 2020. Adjusted earnings of $1.7 billion

in the first quarter of 2021 compares to adjusted earnings of $2.5 billion in the first quarter 2020. Sales and other operating revenues in first quarter of 2021 were $31 billion, compared to $30 billion in Q1 2020. Free cash flow excluding working capital was $3.4 billion in the first quarter 2021.

ExxonMobil has announced first quarter 2021 earnings of $2.7 billion compared with a loss of $610 million in the first quarter of 2020. First quarter capital and exploration expenditures were $3.1 billion, $4 billion lower than the first quarter of 2020.

Shell’s first-quarter adjusted earnings rose to $3.23 billion, generating more than $8 billion and reducing net debt by more than $4 billion in the quarter.

BP has reported a first quarter 2021 profit of $4.7 billion, compared with $1.4 billion profit for the fourth quarter 2020.

Eni has reported adjusted EBIT of €1.3 billion ($1.6 billion), in line with the first quarter of last year and three times higher than the fourth quarter of 2020. Net profit was €270 million ($324 million), an almost five times increase compared to the first quarter of 2020. Hydrocarbon production remained flat at 1.7 million boe/d). The capex spending forecast for 2021 is approximately €6 billion ($7.2 billion).

Total has reported adjusted net income of $3 billion compared with $1.8 billion in the first quarter of 2020.

PGS releases Angola data PGS has launched 8300 km2 of GeoStreamer data offshore Angola 2021.

The latest dataset, covering Blocks 6,7 and 8 and the surrounding areas of the Kwanza Shelf, is aimed at companies evaluating opportunities in the Angola 2021 offshore licensing round, which focuses for the first time on the Kwanza Basin.

‘This is an area that has been overlooked in previous exploration cycles. The combination of 3D GeoStreamer technol-

Kwanza Shelf MC3D GeoStreamer image.

ogy with modern imaging techniques has unlocked several interesting plays in open shallow blocks on the Kwanza Shelf,’ said PGS. Enhanced processing flows including PGS full waveform inversion and separated wavefield imaging using PGS SWIM, enabled by GeoStreamer 3D broadband data, have effectively addressed the imaging challenges of a shallow-water environment, said PGS of the latest phase of the mega imaging project.

Fugro wins geo site investigation contract offshore Canada Fugro has won a contract from Equinor to perform a deepwater geo-data site investigation in Canada’s Flemish Pass, 500 km off the coast of St John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, in water depths of 1200 m.

From July until August Fugro will perform a seabed survey, an environmental survey and a soils investigation. Data will be delivered in September.

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newest autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), Echo Surveyor VIII, which is designed to capture engineering-grade bathymetric, imaging and shallow geological feature data in deep water.

The environmental survey will also utilize proprietary 3D photogrammetric methods for improved delineation of cold-water corals and other benthic habitats. The soils investigation will be performed using Fugro’s Seacalf 2021

Mk IV seabed cone penetration test (CPT) system, which uses a coiled push rod and compact continuous thrust machine.

Mike Cole, country manager for Fugro in Canada, said: ‘This project will allow us to showcase our locally developed digital 3D photogrammetric mapping methods to augment traditional geophysical sensors, which allows more quantifiable target definition.’

INDUSTRY NEWS

Shearwater starts 3D survey offshore Australia

The Geo Coral vessel.

Shearwater GeoServices has starting acquiring the Archer 3D seismic project offshore western Australia for client Carnarvon Petroleum.

This 3D dataset will complement the two existing datasets to support development planning for the Dorado field and ensure optimum well placement. The Archer 3D survey will also enable a thorough review of the exploration potential in the area to the south-west of the Dorado field.

The vessel Geo Coral is acquiring the data with an alternative azimuth to the current Capreolus and Keraudren 3D datasets.

The Archer 3D survey is expected to take around 40-50 days and a fasttrack processed volume of the Archer 3D will be available for interpretation later in 2021. The Geo Coral will then be used for the Keraudren Extension 3D survey, covering more than 30 prospects and leads identified using the existing 2D data in the WA-436-P and WA-438-P acre-

age. The acquisition of the Keraudren Extension 3D survey will commence in the south of the 2021 acquisition area, adjacent to the existing Capreolus in WA-438-P, and head north.

The Geo Coral will use its multi-sensor streamer system for around three and a half months over the whole campaign, covering an area of up to 4800 km2.

Carnarvon’s managing director and chief executive officer, Adrian Cook, said: ‘The joint venture’s commitment to acquire two new 3D seismic surveys confirms the importance of the Bedout basin and the view that it has the potential to host a multitude of future exploration play opportunities. The two surveys cover the Dorado development and the nearfield exploration opportunities as well as further afield exploration plays that have been identified from the ever-improving technical knowledge of the basin by the joint venture partners. The Bedout basin is an incredibly exciting proposition that is systematically being advanced and developed into what we expect will become an important new region in the Australian energy landscape.’

Dynamic Graphics provides 4D data visualization and analysis for BP Dynamic Graphics has extended its software and services agreement with BP to include ‘a significant number’ of CoViz 4D and Sim2Seis licences.

CoViz 4D is a quantitative data visualization and analysis software package allowing users to visualize and analyse multiple types of time-based data and models. Dynamic Graphics said that CoViz 4D is particularly strong in reservoir management of hydrocarbon assets — all of the relevant data and models from the reservoir can be visualized and analysed simultaneously.

Margarita Corzo, VP wells & subsurface digital portfolio delivery, BP, said: ‘CoViz 4D is an integral part of our toolkit, combining an outstanding data integration environment with cus-

An offshore reservoir model as shown in CoViz 4D. © 2015–2021 Dynamic Graphics.

tom workflow options. This combination is fundamental to our management of subsurface risks and opportunities at FIRST

BP, and it may also prove valuable for emerging energy transition activities such as carbon storage.’

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INDUSTRY NEWS

Exploration round-up Equinor and partners Total and Vår have struck oil and gas in the Tyrihans field in the Norwegian Sea. Recoverable resources are estimated at between 19 and 26 million barrels of oil equivalent.

The Tyrihans field is 25 km south-east of the Åsgard field and 220 km north-west of Trondheim. The well proved petroleum in lower-mid Jurassic reservoir rocks (Ile and Tilje formations). The well struck a gas column of about 43 m and an oil column of about 15 m in the Ile formation, including about 76 m of moderate-to-good reservoir quality sandstone. In the Tilje formation a moderate-to-good quality water-bearing reservoir was struck.

Equinor (36.79%), Petoro (30%), Total (18.4%), Neptune (12%) and Wintershall (2.81%) have announced a $400 million investment in the Askeladd Vest subsea development in the southern Barents Sea, providing 134 million barrels of oil equivalent.

Production will start in the first half of 2024. The subsea template on Askeladd

Vest will be tied back to the Askeladd field through a pipeline and an umbilical. The 195 km from the onshore production plant at Melkøya to the subsea field is the longest distance ever to a field development.

Exxon Mobil has discovered oil at the Uaru-2 well in the Stabroek Block offshore Guyana. Uaru-2 will add to the previously announced gross discovered recoverable resource estimate for the block, which is estimated to be approx.

9 billion oil-equivalent barrels. Drilling at Uaru-2 encountered approx. 36.7 m of high-quality oil-bearing reservoirs including newly identified intervals below the original Uaru-1 discovery.

The well was drilled in 1725 m of water and is located approx. 11 km south of the Uaru-1 well. ExxonMobil anticipates at least six projects online by 2027 and sees potential for up to 10 FPSOs to develop its current recoverable resource balance.

President Energy has struck gas at the newly drilled well EV-1001 at

the Estancia Vieja field, Rio Negro Province, Argentina. Electric and mud logs together with petrophysical review identify net gas pay as expected and support pre-drill projection of an initial production of 60,000 m3/d. Meanwhile, President is planning to commission some 100km2 of 3D seismic data at the Puesto Guardian Concession, Salta Province, Argentina along with three new oil production wells at the Dos Puntitas field within the concession. Seismic work is expected to be awarded before the end of June with work to start in Q3.

BP has discovered oil at the Puma West prospect in deepwater US Gulf of Mexico. The well on Green Canyon Block 821 was drilled by BP on behalf of co-owners Chevron and Talos Energy west of the BP-operated Mad Dog field. The well was drilled to a total depth of 23,530 ft (7200 m) and encountered oil pay in a high-quality Miocene reservoir with fluid properties similar to productive Miocene reservoirs in the area.

Sercel to acquire Low Impact Seismic Sources (LISS)

LISS has developed the Tuned Pulse Source (TPS) with enhanced low frequency output.

Sercel is in negotiations to acquire Low Impact Seismic Sources (LISS).

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with much enhanced low-frequency output.

The LISS TPS solution is aimed at meeting the industry need for low frequencies that enable deeper penetrations 2021

and more accurate quantitative interpretation and Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) results, especially in combination with long-offset data, all while further reducing environmental impact.

Sercel will continue to develop and market the TPS worldwide while Shell will provide its support with in-sea testing to be conducted this summer and will execute a first commercial survey using the LISS TPS source later this year.

Steve Chelminski, co-founder of LISS and inventor of the first marine seismic impulsive source in the 1960s, said: ‘Sercel will provide the benefits of TPS and its successor technologies, representing a new era of seismic source technology, to all contractors and oil companies in the industry. It’s the low-frequency source that brings not just the data required for real imaging and FWI improvement, but in addition the environmental benefits.’

INDUSTRY NEWS

SPH launches flying metal detector SPH Engineering has launched a drone metal detection system.

The kit uses a Geonics EM61Lite metal detector from UgCS Industrial Solutions which has been adapted for airborne use to detect metallic objects in hard-to-reach or dangerous areas.

The system is capable of detecting metallic (magnetic and non-magnetic) items in the first few metres under the surface. It can be used for UXO searches, detection of underground infrastructure and archaeological needs.

Alexey Dobrovolskiy, CTO of SPH Engineering, said. ‘Our customers can enjoy the fully integrated solution, starting with unified mission planning in industry-standard UgCS mission control software and including features such as automatic data logging in geotagged form and automatic terrain following with radar altimeter.’ He added that the system has performed well in detecting pipes (steel and reinforced concrete) and steel drums.

Lundin produces world’s first certified carbon neutral oil

Lundin has produced the world’s first certified carbon neutrally produced oil from the Edvard Grieg field, offshore Norway.

The Edvard Grieg field is the first in the world to be independently certified

by Intertek Group (Intertek), under its CarbonClear certification. The field is certified as low carbon at 3.8 kg of CO2 per barrel of oil equivalent (boe) for full life of field emissions, including exploration, development and production – five times less than the world average.

In order to supply 600,000 fully carbon neutral barrels to Saras’ refinery in Sarroch, Sardinia, residual emissions of 2302 tonnes CO2 were compensated through a nature-based carbon capture

project, certified by the Verified Carbon Standard (VCS). In addition, the entire trade was independently certified as carbon neutral by Intertek under its CarbonZeroTM standard. As a result, there were no net emissions released during the production of each barrel delivered to Saras.

From 2025, all barrels produced by Lundin Energy will be carbon neutral in their production Nick Walker, president and CEO of Lundin Energy, said: ‘The provenance of a barrel and how it is produced is increasingly important, as society and industry require lower carbon feedstocks to achieve emission reduction targets and meet the goals of the Paris Agreement.’

Fugro carries out site characterization for Danish energy island Fugro has won a marine site characterization contract from Energinet for the Danish Energy Island project in the North Sea. The contract is part of Energinet’s preliminary studies to build the world’s first ‘hub and spoke’ energy scheme: an energy island 80 km off the Danish coast that will act as a transmission centre for hundreds of surrounding wind turbines. Fugro will perform geophysical and unexploded ordnance (UXO) magnetometry surveys, which will be

used to prepare an integrated geological and geotechnical soil model on which windfarm developers will base future tenders.

The fieldwork will run from May to November 2021, resuming in February and March 2022. Phase 1 will deliver the geophysical surveys, including seabed sampling and soil data down to at least 100 m below the seabed; phase 2 will be the UXO magnetometry survey, using Fugro’s dedicated Geowing solution.

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TGS offers all its data through OSDU TGS’ vast geological data library is now available through Open Subsurface Data Universe (OSDU), an industry first.

As the world’s largest LAS data provider with more than 1.8 million wells with LAS files, TGS offers an OSDU API to its customers for instant search and

download of incremental updates to their entitled LAS products.

Carl Neuhaus, vice-president of well data products at TGS, said: ‘Supporting evolving standards like the OSDU Platform allows our customers to focus on extracting information from the largest analytics-ready subsurface dataset in the

industry in their preferred way, seamlessly available through the TGS Data Lake.

We look forward to making more data products available through OSDU.’ The Open Group OSDU Forum enables the energy industry to develop transformational technology to support the world’s changing energy needs.

Study shows that the Southern North Sea could become big hydrogen production site

Potential hydrogen facilities off the UK’s south-east coast (Courtesy Oil and Gas Authority).

A study by Progressive Energy to analyse the hydrogen demand potential in Bacton, on the UK’s south-east coast, and the Southern North Sea has found that the area could become a significant hydrogen

production site for London and the south east of England.

The project for the UK Oil and Gas Authority showed that blue hydrogen will be the most commercially viable option

in the 2030s and early 2040s. This will provide the time for the maturation of green hydrogen technology and for green hydrogen to become more cost competitive on an industrial scale by the late 2040s and early 2050s.

The Southern North Sea has sufficient indigenous hydrocarbon reserves to provide the feedstock required to meet the increasing blue hydrogen demand, helping to meet UK energy demands and supporting the UK’s transition to net zero.

Blue hydrogen generation could utilize the existing hydrocarbon infrastructure and extensive CO2 storage potential in the Southern North Sea. However, action is required now to ensure the continued production and development of natural gas in the near term; this will be needed to protect existing infrastructure and to ensure feedstock availability for blue hydrogen, says the Progressive Energy report. Failure to act now could see infrastructure prematurely decommissioned and hydrocarbon opportunities lost.

CGG wins OBN imaging contract offshore Brazil CGG has won a contract from Equinor for the seismic imaging of its Bacalhau 3D ocean bottom node (OBN) survey covering 409 km2 currently being acquired in Brazil’s deepwater Santos Basin.

Final products for the fully imaged dataset were expected to be delivered within ten months of the survey being scheduled to complete in May 2021.

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The project is already underway at CGG’s Rio de Janeiro subsurface imaging centre using proprietary imaging technologies, including reverse time migration, time-lag full-waveform inversion (TLFWI) and interbed multiple attenuation, to address pre-salt illumination challenges caused by the presence of very thick stratified salt.

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‘Combining OBN data with TLFWI will result in more detailed and reliable velocity model building and imaging, bringing geological insight at post-salt, intra-salt and, most importantly, at pre-salt levels,’ said CGG. ‘The resulting high-quality subsurface image will reduce uncertainties and enable a better structural interpretation to guide future drilling plans and development of the world-class Bacalhau field.’

INDUSTRY NEWS

Equinor to put energy transition plan to shareholder vote

Anders Opedal, CEO and president, Equinor.

Equinor has announced that as from next year it will start to submit its energy transition plan to a shareholder vote.

The company will update the plan every three years for an advisory vote.

Progress on the plan will be reported annually.

BRIEFS

‘We aim to be a leading company in the energy transition. We believe the plan will allow for more active engagement and collaboration when preparing for future opportunities,' said Anders Opedal, CEO and president in Equinor.

Equinor will announce short- and medium-term plans in support of its net-zero ambition on 15 June, 2021.

The company has also presented new commitments on biodiversity, including establishing voluntary exclusion zones for its activities. Furthermore, Equinor will be developing a net-positive approach towards biodiversity in new Equinor-operated development projects located in protected areas or areas of high biodiversity value. This includes a commitment to share more of the company’s comprehensive biodiversity data to encourage further scientific research.

Magseis Fairfield reports Q1 revenues of $43 million Magseis Fairfield has reported first quarter revenue of $43 million, a gross profit of $7.9 million and EBTIDA of $0.6 million. Available cash is $44 million and the order backlog is $228 million, up 15% from from the end of 2020.

‘We continued to build backlog and exited the quarter with more crews ready to execute on the growing order backlog for the remainder of the year. We continue to see tendering activity for 2021, and importantly we are bidding for the first projects in 2022,’ said Magseis Fairfield CEO Carel Hooijkaas.

The market outlook for the OBN market indicates double-digit growth for appraisal and development projects and single-digit growth for production projects from 2021 through to 2025, he added.

Meanwhile, the company has launched a strategy to become carbon neutral by 2040 or earlier, launching initiatives to reduce the environmental

The Norwegian Petroleum Directorate is granting access to a quality-assured database for geochemical data from exploration wells in the North Sea. The database contains vitrinite reflectance data, RockEval, isotopes and chromatography and is based on released data reported in DISKOS. Reconnaissance Energy Africa’s analysis from the first of a three-well drilling programme, provides clear evidence of a working conventional petroleum system in the Kavango Basin in Namibia. The well sample log provides more than 200 m of oil and natural gas indicators/shows over three discrete intervals in a stacked sequence of reservoir and source rock.

Extraction of oil from these samples supports an active petroleum system with multiple source intervals.

KBR has won a contract from the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, the managing and operating contractor of the US National Renewable Energy Laboratory NREL,which is based at the US Department of Energy.

NREL will provide engineering and evaluation services.

The US has confirmed that it will not be holding lease sales in the second quarter of 2021 as the Interior Department continues its review of oil and gas permitting. President Joe Biden imposed a moratorium on new leasing in January.

Carel Hooijkaas, CEO Magseis Fairfield.

impact of its own and subcontractors’ operations, and offering the option to its customers to offset any remaining emissions.

Magseis Fairfield has also become part of the Centre for Geophysical Forecasting (CGF) to do research into geophysical solutions for the renewables market. The company is expected to carry out client testing in both the carbon capture and storage (CCS) and windfarm markets in the North Sea this summer.

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BGP is carrying out the first 3D land seismic contract for PDO using nodes.

Crew 8622’s configuration consists of 13 seismic vibrators. BGP said that it manufactured seismic vibrators and nodes in record time before exporting them to Oman.

UK Oil & Gas (UKOG) has become one of six founder members of the Geothermal Energy Advancement Association. The company is also scoping two geothermal projects in the UK, as well as a hybrid geothermal, solar and battery storage project at its Horse Hill site in West Sussex, southern England. The company is also considering geothermal projects in Turkey.

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ION reports first quarter net loss of £7 million ION Geophysical has reported a net loss of £7.2 million on revenues of $14 million in the first quarter of 2014, compared with a net loss of $2.3 million on revenues of $27.3 million in the fourth quarter of 2020. Excluding special items in both periods, the company reported an adjusted net loss of $14.9 million compared to an adjusted net income of $4.7 million in the first quarter 2020. The company’s liquidity was $39.5 million.

‘We closed significantly lower multi-client data sales than expected during the first quarter, as many of our clients were restructuring their organizations and finalizing capital budgets later than usual.

This delayed commercial discussions.

Last year, we had an exception to that pattern with strong first quarter results driven by an unusually large 2019 yearend deal that ultimately closed in March of 2020. Importantly, backlog grew for the third consecutive quarter, driven by our strategic decision to participate in the 3D new acquisition multi-client market.

We expect to recognize the majority of backlog as revenue during the second and

third quarters as the much larger phase of our Mid North Sea High programme progresses this summer. Our team has cultivated a robust pipeline of potential 3D programme opportunities, such as the exclusive agreement we announced offshore Kenya.

‘We have extended our bond maturity to 2025 with a lower interest rate. Net proceeds from both the Registered Direct Offering and Rights Offering injected approximately $24 million of liquidity.

While we expect the market to remain challenging in the near-term, there have been a number of positive developments, which point to improving market conditions in the back half of the year. Brent crude oil prices, which play an integral role in the trajectory of customers' offshore capital spending programmes, have rebounded to pre-pandemic levels.’

E&P Technology & Services segment revenues were $7.2 million for the first quarter 2021, compared to $19.9 million for the fourth quarter 2020 and $46.5 million for first quarter 2020. Within the E&P Technology & Services segment,

multi-client revenues were $3.6 million, a decrease of 91% from first quarter 2020, primarily due to lower data library sales. Imaging and Reservoir Services revenues were $3.7 million, a decrease of 26% from first quarter 2020, due to lower proprietary tender activity.

Operations Optimization segment revenues were $6.8 million for the first quarter 2021 compared to $7.4 million for the fourth quarter 2020 and $9.9 million for first quarter 2020. Optimization Software & Services revenues were $2.8 million, a 36% decline from first quarter 2020 due to reduced seismic activity. Devices revenues were $4 million, a 28% decrease from first quarter 2020 due to lower sales of towed-streamer equipment spares and repairs.

Consolidated gross margin for the quarter was 6%, compared to 27% for the fourth quarter 2020 and 50% one year ago.

Consolidated operating expenses were $11.1 million, a 50% decrease from $22 million in the first quarter 2020 resulting from the cost reductions implemented during the first half of 2020.

PGS releases multi-azimuth Campos basin data

Ramform Titan arrived in Brazil on schedule and started operations on Feb. 25, just north of the Tropic of Capricorn and west of the Marlim field in the Campos basin (Courtesy PGS).

Final products are now available from the first multi-azimuth swathe in PGS’ Campos Basin multi-client 3D programme, offshore Brazil.

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within the pre-salt polygon, adjacent to prolific producing fields; and held acreage acquired in the 14th and 16th Bid Rounds, with drilling operations underway on large pre-salt structures.

When completed, the Campos Deepwater GeoStreamer X survey will cover approx. 17,100 km2, extending 3D GeoStreamer coverage beyond the prolific Albacora and Marlim Leste fields, and 2021

into the emerging deepwater pre-salt plays, to illuminate the complex geology of the Campos pre-salt targets.

‘PGS’ Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) driven, depth velocity-modelling of the post-salt, layered evaporate (salt) and presalt sections has provided more accurate updates utilizing long-offset MAZ data,’ said PGS. ‘Multi-azimuth and FWI-driven velocity modelling have improved both illumination, depth accuracy, and image quality of the subsurface structures found within the pre-salt play. The results will support reservoir characterization work.

GeoStreamer X offers a step-change in data quality for the complex geological regimes of the emerging Campos pre-salt play, by combining multi-sensor broadband fidelity with long offset, azimuth-rich illumination. GeoStreamer X acquisition designs are tailored, including sources, streamer spacing and streamer length, to enable more accurate depth velocity model building.’

Special Topic

GEOSCIENCE & ENGINEERING IN THE ENERGY TRANSITION

A revolution is accelerating in the energy industry to rebalance the mix of fossil fuels and clean energy in favour of the latter to make a critical contribution to global CO2 reduction targets and meet the UN Paris climate change goals.

Many big oil and gas companies have published targets to achieve net zero emissions by 2050 and are starting to invest heavily in carbon capture and utilization and storage (CCUS), hydrogen, offshore wind and geothermal energy projects. Geoscientists are coming to the fore and are already demonstrating that their expert knowledge in geoscience and engineering will be critical in the energy transition. As such a number of exciting projects are presented this month, ranging from carbon capture and storage, hydrogen storage and geothermal energy to help meet the climate challenge.

Bent Kjølhamar et al outline how technology for acquiring and imaging seismic data is being repurposed for carbon capture and storage.

Julien Mouli-Castillo et al look at how the UK can achieve large-scale mobilization of underground hydrogen storage.

Nina Marie Hernandez et al present the ED2K initiative, providing multivariate earth data to support UN climate change goals.

Hakan Alkan et al compare the merits of saline aquifers and depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs for CO2 storage.

Amine Ourabah et al present a new generation of smaller lighter nodes making denser seismic acquisition accessible to the renewables market Marit Brommer gives an overview of the global geothermal energy market and outlines her vision of what is needed for the sector to go ‘mainstream’

Submit an article

Special Topic overview January

Land Seismic

First Break Special Topics are covered by a mix of original articles dealing with case studies and the latest technology. Contributions to a Special Topic in First Break can be sent directly to the editorial office (firstbreak@eage.org). Submissions will be considered for publication by the editor.

February

Reservoir Monitoring

March

Modelling / Interpretation

April

Unconventionals and Passive Seismic

May

Global Exploration Hotspots

June

Geoscience & Engineering in the Energy Transition

It is also possible to submit a Technical Article to First Break. Technical Articles are subject to a peer review process and should be submitted via EAGE’s ScholarOne website: http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/fb

July

Digital Transformation in Geoscience

August

Near Surface Geo Mining

September

Reservoir Characterization

October

Delivering for the Energy Challenge: Today and Tomorrow

November

Marine Seismic & EM

December

Data Management and Processing

You can find the First Break author guidelines online at www.firstbreak.org/guidelines.

More Special Topics june be added during the course of the year.

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HOW TO SECURE YOUR NODAL ACQUISITION?

WiNG IS THE ANSWER! Nantes, France sales.nantes@sercel.com

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CALENDAR

CALENDAR OF EVENTS 18-21 OCTOBER 2021

82nd EAGE Conference & Exhibition

Amsterdam, The Netherlands and online www.eage.org

June 2021 30 Jun

2021 Annual General Meeting for Members (AGMM)

Online

www.eage.org

July 2021 4‑9 Jul

Goldschmidt 2021

Online

27-29 Jul

First EAGE Guyana-Suriname Basin Conference www.eage.org

Georgetown and online

Guyana

August 2021 4-6 Aug

Data Science in Oil and Gas 2021 www.eage.ru

Novosibirsk and Online

Russia

19‑20 Aug

First EAGE Workshop on Geothermal Energy in Latin America www.eage.org

Guanacaste and Online

Costa Rica

24‑25 Aug

First EAGE Workshop on Faults in Groundwater, CO2 and Hydrocarbons in Asia Pacific www.eage.org

Online

29 Aug ‑ 2 Sep

Near Surface Geoscience Conference & Exhibition 2021 www.nsg2021.org

Bordeaux and online

France

September 2021 6‑7 Sep

EAGE Workshop on Computational Sciences for New Energy and Oil Recovery www.eage.org

Kuala Lumpur and Online

Malaysia

6‑8 Sep

Fifth EAGE Workshop on High Performance Computing for Upstream www.eage.org

Milan and online

Italy

6‑10 Sep

Geomodel 2021 23 rd conference on oil and gas geological exploration and development www.eage.org

Gelendzhik and online

Russia

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8-10 Sep

Second EAGE Conference on Pre-Salt Reservoir www.eage.org

Rio de Janeiro and Online

9 Sep

Geothermal Energy — New Opportunities for the Middle East www.eage.org

Online

10‑11 Sep

ISZA 2021 — The Meeting of Young Geoscientists www.isza.hu

Zalakaros

12-17 Sep

30 th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry (IMOG 2021) www.imog2021.org

Online

14-15 Sep

Asia Energy Forum - The Role of Geoscience Through the Energy Transition www.eage.org

Online

27‑29 Sep

Fourth EAGE Borehole Geology Workshop www.eage.org

Online

Brazil

Hungary

October 2021 4‑7 Oct

14th Middle East Geosciences Conference & Exhibition (GEO2021) www.geo-expo.com

Manama

Bahrain

5‑7 Oct

EAGE Workshop on Hydrocarbon Potential of the Far East 2021 www.eage.org

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk and online

Russia

10-14 Oct

BGS Congress 2021 www.bgscongress.org

Bucharest

Romania

11‑12 Oct

EAGE Conference on Seismic Interpretation using AI Methods - Going Beyond Machine Learning www.eage.org

Online

18 Oct

Third Young Professionals Summit yp-summit.org

Amsterdam

18‑20 Oct

Third EAGE Geochemistry Workshop www.eage.org

Online

18-21 Oct

82 nd EAGE Conference & Exhibition www.eageannual2021.org

Amsterdam and online

Netherlands

25‑27 Oct

Third EAGE Conference on Offshore Exploration and Development in Mexico www.eage.org

Merida

Mexico

Russia

Netherlands

November 2021 1‑3 Nov

ProGREss’21 www.eage.org

Sochi and online

2‑4 Nov

Third EAGE/SPE Geosteering Workshop www.eage.org

Online

3‑5 Nov

First EAGE Conference on Near Surface in Latin America www.eage.org

8‑10 Nov

Bogotá and online

Colombia

Third HGS/EAGE Conference on Latin America www.eage.org

Houston and online

United States

9‑11 Nov

Sixth EAGE Borehole Geophysics Workshop www.eage.org

Dubai and online

United Arab Emirates

14‑16 Nov

Second EAGE Workshop on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles www.eage.org

Online

15‑17 Nov

First EAGE Workshop on East Canada Offshore Exploration www.eage.org

St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador

Canada

23‑25 Nov

Second Geoscience & Engineering in Energy Transition Conference www.eage.org

Strasbourg and online

France

23‑26 Nov

EAGE/Aqua Foundation Second Indian Near Surface Geophysics Conference & Exhibition www.eage.org

Online

30 Nov 2 Dec

Fourth Asia Pacific Meeting on Near Surface Geoscience & Engineering www.eage.org

Ho Chi Minh City

EAGE Events

Vietnam

Non-EAGE Events

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