eBizGuides Sudan

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GUIDES

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SUDAN BUSINESS RESOURCES ENERGY INDUSTRY

ECONOMY A G R I C U LT U R E

FINANCE LEGAL E N T E R TA I N M E N T

Republic of Sudan

It is always good to know who worked hard on this guide. Many talented people and many wonderful stories have gone into making it. Here is the list of those involved: PRODUCTION Producer: Pascal Belda Executive Direction: Laetitia Saint-Maur Local Project Director: Waqas Ahmed Guide developer: Jennifer Rivoal Credit control specialist: Yasmine BelaĂŻd Proofreader: Daniel Reynolds, Jake Ryder Main Advertising Agencies: Tiger, Mr Khalid Talaat Farid, General Manager Bajafar Brothers, Malik Gafar Sir Alkhatim, General Manager

EDITION Economy and sectorial analyses: Isabel Ferreira Investment and Legal Framework: House of Legal Consultants and Services, Mr. Osman Mekki Tourism and Entertainment: eBizguides and Ministry of Tourism and Wild Life Design Direction Madrid: Laure Barthelemy Pictures: eBizguides, Ministry of Tourism and Wild Life, Bajafar Brothers Advertising Agency

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank the following people for their collaboration and support: Mr. Awed Alkareem Ballah, Ministry of Investment, Mr. Malik Muneer, Ministry of Transport, Roads and Bridges, the Ministry of Tourism and Wild Life.

We would also like to thank the heads of the following companies for their sponsorship and support, without which this eBizguide would not have been possible: The General Managers of Al Salam Bank, Al Salam Rotana Hotel, Bajafar Brothers Advertising Agency, Bashir Motors, Bank of Khartoum, Burj Al Fateh, CMA Containers Port Sudan, Easy Move, El Nefeidi Group, El Nilein Bank, HLCS, MIG Group, MTN, National Highway Authority, Oilibiya, Regency Hotel, Sea Port Corporation, Sudan Shipping Line, Tara apartment, Tiger Advertising Agency, Zain.

DISCLAIMER While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this publication, this cannot be guaranteed and neither eBizGuides nor any related entity shall have any liability to any person or entity who relies on the information contained in this publication. This publication is not a substitute for professional advice of services and it should not be acted or relied on or used as a basis for any decision or action that may affect you or your business. Any reliance is solely at the users risk.

World Investment News Customer Services: Tel: + 34 91 787 38 70 Fax: + 34 91 787 38 89 guides.info@ebizguides.com www.ebizguides.com

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HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE?

The goal of eBiz Guides is to offer extensive economic and investment information on a country, with a focus on the top companies, while offering the best tourism and entertainment information for your spare time. With this, we believe that our readers can get fully acquainted with the country before investing in it long-term.

This book comprises three major sections, which deal with general information, the country’s economy and entertainment and leisure.

General Information Background information on the country is coupled with the main business resources available to you.

Business This section of the book starts off with the main resources available for you as well as an in-depth look at the country’s investment and legal framework and the country’s economy itself.

Through personal interviews with the most important business people in the country, we then provide our readers with privileged information and sector analysis, including introductions written by key decision-makers in the sector, such as government ministers.

Icons

eBiz Recommended These companies were particular favourites of our team during their stay; this stamp is mostly given to restaurants, hotels and so on.

eBiz Recommended Partner Our team has been interviewing the heads of many companies; when they choose to allocate this stamp to a company, it is because they themselves have received reliable service from the company.

You will also find fact files for all the major corporations, outlining their business activities, key projects and any investment opportunities.

Entertainment/ Leisure For you to fall in love with the country, we also showcase the best spots to visit, essential areas to discover, the top hotels and restaurants and much more.

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INDEX INTRODUCTION Map and Country Profile

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General Information

09

Did you know?

32

Vocabulary

33

BUSINESS 34 37 53

Investment and Legal Framework

65

The Sudanese Economy

69

Finance

83

Energy

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I NDEX

Top Companies Business Resources

Industry and Trade

111

Public Works

115

Information Communication Technology

123

Tourism Industry

135

Transportation

151

Agriculture

156

Company Index

ENTERTAINMENT Introduction

160

Where to Stay

162

Where to Eat

164

What to See

165

Where to Go

165

Travel Agencies

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Sources

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MAP

SAUDI ARABIA

500 km 200 mi

EGYPT

LIBYA Wadi Halfa Dongola

SUDAN Al Fashir

le

Ni

Atbara Omdurman

Kassala

ERITREA

Nile

Nyala

Blue

KHARTOUM Al Qadarif El Obeid Dinder N.P White Nile

CHAD

RED SEA

Port Sudan

ETHIOPIA CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

SOUTH SOUDAN

Capital City City Roads National Park

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO

UGANDA

KENYA

Mountain

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COUNTRY PROFILE

COUNTRY PROFILE

Official name Republic of Sudan

Capital Khartoum

Main towns Port Sudan, Kassala, El Obeid

Population 40,1 Million

Area 1,861,484 km2

Neighbouring countries Egypt, Libya, Chad, Central Africa Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea.

Religion Sunni Muslims, Indigenous beliefs/Animism, Christian

Languages Arabic, English, Nubian, Ta Bedawie, local dialects

Currency Sudanese Pound SDG (since July 2007)

Government System Federal presidential democratic republic

Time GMT +3 hours

Climate Ranges from arid in the north to tropical wet and dry in the southwest

International airports Khartoum International Airport (KRT), Port Sudan New International Airport

Telephone code + 249

Electric current a.c. 240V

Plugs Type C, D

Weight and measures Metric system

Head of the State Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir

GDP $92.81 billion (2009 est.)

GDP per capita $2,300 (2009 est.)

Inflation rate 11.2% (2009 est.)

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Independence Location Coastline Lowest point Highest point Ports

January 1st, 1956 North-eastern Africa 853 km Red Sea 0 m Kinyeti 3,187 m Port Sudan (deep-water harbour)

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GENERAL INFORMATION

As’lak fia’lak Your origin is your behaviour Sudanese proverb

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General Information INTRODUCTION Ancient Arab historians gave the name Sudan to the vast lands beyond the Great African Desert.

But while ancient Sudan, the land of the blacks, embodied a broad geographical and human spectrum, modern Sudan with its present state boundaries only came to existence at the beginning of this century. Sudan is the largest country in Africa.

Stretching from Egypt in the north to Uganda in the south and sharing borders with nine countries. This vast territory measures about 1 million square miles, which constitutes 8.3% of the land area of Africa. It is geographically situated almost at the centre of the continent, between longitudes 22 and 38 East and latitudes 4 and 22 North. Sudan shares borders with nine African countries: two are Afro-Arab, lying in the north of Sudan – Egypt (1,200 km) and Libya (380 km); in the east are Ethiopia, Eritrea and the Red Sea, with a total border of (6,630 km); Kenya (200 km), Uganda (400 km) and the Democratic Republic of Congo (500 km) lie in the south; and the Central African Republic (900 km) and Chad (1,100 km) are in the west. Sudan has naturally became a zone of interaction between the Hemitic Arabs and the Negro Africans. This blending resulted in Sudan’s many different ethnic groups and unique culture.

HISTORY Ancient History Finds of Paleolithic tools attest to the existence of Stone Age old men in Sudan. The first known settlements probably date back from between 5000 and 4000 BC. Their occupants had no knowledge of agriculture. Ancient Egyptian records provide the only source of information about early historical events and are confined to northern Sudan (Ancient Kush).

The earliest of these recorded events were the raids

by Egyptians from the Old Kingdom in about 2800 BC. Two hundred years later, the Egyptians established trade with the Dongola area and an expedition may have gone as far as Darfur. During this period, Sudan was inhabited by groups of people engaged in agricultural and pastoral pursuits, ignorant of the arts of writing and metallurgy. Those of them who lived in the north are known as the “A” group: their most important settlement thusfar found is located at Faras, near Wadi Halfa. People of sculpture are known to have lived in the area of Khartoum.

During the Middle Kingdom of Egypt, beginning in about 2000 BC, the Egyptians colonised Sudan as far as the Fourth Cataract and established a governor at Kerma, whose large fortified residence

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Camels around Khartoum

can still be seen today. A string of forts was built along the Nile to protect the communication routes to Egypt. This occupation lasted for 300 years, at the end of which some disaster occurred of which we have no details, but which caused the destruction of the forts by fire and the disappearance of the Egyptian administration. The invasion of Egypt by the Hyksos, an Asiatic people, in about 1700 BC, was probably connected to this collapse. After the expulsion of the Hyksos in 1580 BC, the Egyptians soon reasserted their domination of Sudan during the reign of Ahmas I, the founder of the 18th dynasty of pharaohs. With the decline of the Egyptian Empire at the end of the second millennium, the Egyptians again disappeared from Sudanese history. Little is known of the 300 years that followed.

Kingdoms of Napata and Meroe In 900 BC, a Sudanese kingdom, with a strong Egyptian cultural and religious influence, was founded at Napata, near modern Meroe. In about 760 BC, under the kings Kashata and Piankhi, they conquered Egypt, and together with their successors – of whom Tirhaqo was the most famous – constituted the 25th dynasty of the rulers of Egypt.

About the year 660 BC, the Assyrians under their king Ashurbanipal finally drove Sudanese rulers out of Egypt, but their descendants continued to live in Sudan for another thousand years. The capital was at Napata until about 550 BC, when it was moved to Meroe, north of modern Shendi.

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General Information

Napata remained the religious centre until about 300BC and the kings and queens of Meroe were buried there during this period. The town retained considerable importance until, in 23 BC, it was captured and sacked by the Romans. The kingdom of Meroe reached the height of its prosperity at the beginning of the Christian era and thereafter gradually declined. Little is known of this period, as the language in which the Meroitic people wrote is not yet fully understood. The kingdom finally succumbed either to tribes from further south, or to the king of Axum (Ethiopia) in about 300 BC. The invasion of the Axumites did not lead to permanent occupation and for the next 200 years northern Sudan was ruled by a number of independent kinglets. The history of this period is obscure, as these rulers were illiterate and probably largely nomadic.

Christianity in Sudan In 542–543 AD, during the reign of Justin Ian, the country was rapidly Christianised. To begin with it adhered to the Greek (Melkite) church, but in about 700 AD the monotheists (Coptic Church) became

dominant. Politically, the country was divided into two kingdoms: the northern kingdom of Makuria, which had its capital at Old Dongola, and the southern kingdom of Alwa, with its capital at Soba, south of Khartoum. Many churches were built along the Nile, but to what extent the more remote regions were affected by Christianity is not known.

Islam in Sudan The Muslim conquest of Egypt was followed by further attempts to extend their rule south by attacking Dongola several times, but these attempts were to no avail. A treaty signed in 652 AD established a period of uneasy peace, which lasted for six years, but was interrupted by sporadic conflicts in the northernmost part of Sudan. Around the year 1260, the policy of the Turkish Mamluke rulers of Egypt towards Sudan changed, and numerous raids during the next 50 years led to anarchy in the northern kingdom, the sack of Old Dongola and the overthrow of the Makurian dynasty in about 1340.

This was followed by rapid immigration from Egypt, the Islamisation of Sudan as far south as Shendi and the partitioning of land among tribal leaders. The southern kingdom of Alwa survived longer, although

Meroe Pyramids

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General Information

Arab tribes appear to have moved into the country in the middle of the 15th century. History places the final overthrow of the kingdom in 1504, as a result of an alliance between immigrant Arabs from the north and a people of obscure, probably southern, origin called the Funj.

The Funj Kingdom The Funj and their allies established a Muslim kingdom that lasted for 300 years. The influence of these “Black Sultans”, with their capital at Sennar, extended at the height of their power from the Third Cataract in the north to Fazugli in the south. They even ruled Kordofan for a few years in the second half of the 18th century. A strong Christian kingdom in Abyssinia prevented their expansion to the east. The Sultanate was really little more than a fragile feudal confederation, the land being parcelled out among kinglets that enjoyed considerable independence.

Eventually the failure to build up a centralised administration and the weakness of the royal house itself brought about the disintegration of the kingdom, and at the end of the 18th century one after the other of the chieftains was thrown off their allegiance to Sennar. By 1820, the authority of the Funj scarcely extended north of Khartoum.

Darfur and Egypt via Khartoum with a telegraph line.

He employed European explorers and administrators like Sir Samuel Baker and Colonel Gordon. Under Gordon’s administration a concerted attempt to abolish the slave trade was made, which met with some success. Little was done, however, to develop the resources of the country. Generally speaking, the Turko–Egyptian government of Sudan was doomed to failure. The appointed officials lacked public spirit, were unpopular among the people and were considered to be a burden on the country.

The Mahdiya In 1881, the religious leader Mohamed Ahmed El Mahdi instigated a revolt against the government.

His rebellion, which was a movement for both religious and political reform, was widely successful.

It triumphed with the capture of Khartoum where General Gordon, who was the last Turkish rule governor, was killed in 1885. He is now buried in Omdurman.

On the advice of the British, who occupied Egypt since 1882, the Turko–Egyptian government was withdrawn. Although the Mahdi died in the same year, Sudan under his successor, the Khalifa Abd Allah, remained independent until 1898.

Turko–Egyptian Rule In 1820, Muhammad Ali, the Turkish Pasha of Egypt, sent two military expeditions south and westward into Sudan, capturing Sennar and El Obeid in the following year. Thus began the period of Turko– Egyptian rule in Sudan, which lasted till 1885. A new capital was established at Khartoum and the country was divided into provinces and districts, with Turks or Egyptians in charge. It appears that Muhammad Ali invaded Sudan mainly in the hope of obtaining gold and black men to enlist in his army which he intended to use in his schemes against his own master, the Ottoman Sultan. The new government remained little more than a tax collecting body, and a prosperous slave trade ensued between Sudan and Egypt. In about 1850 the first Christian missionaries arrived in southern Sudan. During the reign of the Khedive of Egypt, Ismail (1863–79), there were a number of changes. He had plans for the creation of a large empire south of Egypt. To realise this end, he conquered Darfur in 1874 with the active help of Zubeir Pasha, and by 1876 he had established outposts along the Nile as far as the Great Lakes.

Communications were improved by connecting

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The Mahdi tomb in Omdurman

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General Information

The British–Egyptian Rule (the Condominium) Various reasons, including the British fear of the establishment of French influence over the Upper Nile area, led to the reconquest of Sudan, An Anglo–Egyptian force led by General Kitchener invaded Sudan between 1896 and 1898, and the invasion culminated in the battle of Omdurman.

The Khalifa escaped, but died in battle later in 1899. The establishment of a French outpost in Fashoda caused grave international tension, but the outpost was eventually withdrawn because of the heavy British pressure. The rule of the Mahdi was accompanied by considerable dislocation of Sudanese economic and tribal life; hence, a new administration had to be established. The old Turko–Egyptian system of provinces and districts was reintroduced, but with British officers in all key administrative posts. Kitchener was appointed the first governor-general. The structure for the form of governing Sudan was defined in the 1899 Condominium Agreement between Britain and Egypt. This agreement enforced the separation of the administration of Sudan from that of Egypt, and Sudan was put under joint Anglo–Egyptian control, with the British influence predominant.

National Rule The political development of the country during the Condominium rule underwent three phases. From 1898 to 1938 civilians gradually substituted the military officers in the administration. After the First World War, Sudanese tribal leaders were encouraged to take over subordinate local administration. During 1938 to 1951 the Graduates General Congress was funded and there appeared to be an indigenous political movement among educated Sudanese.

The “Sudanisation” of the control government was initiated; by 1944. The Sudanese were sitting on the province councils and the Advisory Council for Northern Sudan was founded, with Sudanese members. At about this time the Graduates Congress split into two parties, one favouring union with Egypt and the other demanding complete independence for Sudan. In 1948, a party-elected Legislative Assembly with limited powers was set up. Between 1951 and 1953 negotiations concerning the future of Sudan were at first inconclusive, but finally in February 1953 the British and the Egyptian governments signed an agreement. This provided that a three-year period of self-Tombs-government under international supervision was to begin

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immediately, to foster the decision of the Sudanese people on the future of their country. Elections of the self-government parliament took place in November and December 1953.

Independence The newly elected government went ahead with the process of Sudanisation of the state’s organs and bodies, with the help and supervision of an international committee. In November 1955 it declared the intentions of the Sudanese people to exercise their right of independence. This was duly granted and on 1st January 1956 Sudan was formerly declared independent. In a special ceremony held at the People’s Palace, the British and Egyptian flags were brought down and the new Sudanese flag, composed of green, blue and yellow stripes, was hoisted high in the air.

THE COUNTRY TODAY Post-Independence in Sudan After gaining independence Sudan underwent several systems of national governments ranging between military and civil rule. The first national government was headed by Ismail El Azhari, followed by another under the leadership of Abdalla Khalil. This government stayed in power until 1958 when the armed forces staged a coup d’etat and a military government chaired by General Aboud ruled up to 1964. A popular uprising led to the demise of the military regime and after holding elections under a caretaking government, a national civilian-elected government took the reigns of power followed by two other governments until 1969. In May 1969 the armed forces moved again and the May regime ruled for 16 years. In 1985 another uprising against the regime led to an interim government that held general elections, and subsequently an elected government led by Sadiq El Mahdi governed till June 1989. Then, in a move by the army, the National Salvation Revolution was declared and a military government under the leadership of General Omer Hassan Elbashir was established. From the 11th to the 15th of April 2010, the first elections in more than 20 years took place in the country to elect the President and the National Assembly of Sudan. The General Omer Hassan Elbashir from the National Congress party was officially declared as reelected on the 26th with more than 68% of the votes.

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General Information National Symbols

Government

Flag

Sudan is a republican state that has adopted the federal system as basis of government, with the president of the Republic as the Head of State, Head of Government and Commander-in-Chief of the Sudanese Armed Forces in a multi-party system.

Executive and legislative bodies are represented in the Council of Ministers and the National Assembly – the Parliament – successively. The judiciary system is independent.

The flag of Sudan wears the Pan Arab colors, first adopted by Syria in 1920. Sudan officially hoisted it in 1970. The red part represents the martyrs and the pain in Sudan and in Arabic lands. The white is the peace, the love. The black part is a reminder of the black flag used during the mahdija revolution in Sudan. Finally, the green triangle symbolizes Islamic prosperity and the wealth of Sudan’s natural resources.

Coat of Arms The Sudanese Coat of Arms was adopted in 1969. It represents a secretary bird, a typical bird of prey in the country. It is wearing a coat of mail from the Mahdi period (mid 19th century). The motto means “Victory is ours” (Al-nasr lana). At the bottom of the arm appears the official name of the Sudan: ‘’Jumhuriyat as-Sudan’’ (the Republic of the Sudan).

National Anthem

Government Ministries and Offices Federal Ministries Cabinet of Ministers Aljamha street, Minister of Justice, Khartoum - Postal Code 931 info@sudan.gov.sd / www.sudan.gov.sd Federal Government Chambers Nile Avenue, Khartoum Tel: + 249 83 775003 / 793433 Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Jamaa (University) St., Khartoum Tel: + 249 83 771774 / 779093 www.sudagric.gov.sd Ministry of Animal Resources Shajara St., Khartoum South Tel: + 249 83 476131 / 776129 ww.mrf.gov.sd

Nahnu Djundullah Djundulwatan.

In Da A Da Il Fida Lam Nakhun.

Natahaddal Maut Endalmihan.

Nashta Ril Madjd Bi Aghlathaman.

Hathihil Ard Lana! Falyaish Sudanuna, Alaman Bayn Al Umam.

Ya Benissudan, Hatharamzukum; Yah Miluleb, Wa Yahmi Ardakum.

Ministry of Defense Jeish (Army) St., Khartoum Tel: + 249 83 7077100 / 7073009

We are the army of God and of our land, We shall never fail when called to sacrifice.

Whether braving death, hardship or pain, We give our lives as the price of glory.

May this Our land, Sudan, live long, Showing all nations the way.

Sons of the Sudan, summoned now to serve, Shoulder the task of preserving our country.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs Jam’aa (University) St., Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 775453 www.mofa.gov.sd

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Ministry of Education Nile Avenue, Khartoum Tel: + 249 83 778905 / 770328 www.moe.gov.sd

Ministry of Defense in Khartoum

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General Information

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General Information

Ministry of Foreign Trade Jam’aa (University) St., Khartoum Tel: + 249 83 772793 / 778960 Fax: + 249 83 773950 www.sudantrade. gov.sd Ministry of Finance and National Economy Nile Avenue, Khartoum Tel: + 249 83 777563 / 775989 / 777003 / 771970 Fax: + 249 83 771983 www.mof.gov.sd Ministry of Health Jam’aa (University) St., Khartoum Tel: + 249 83 774381 / 774710 www.fmoh.gov.sd Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research Khartoum West of McNimir St. Tel: + 249 83 779312 / 779971 Ministry of Information and Communications Jam’aa (University) St., Khartoum Tel: + 249 83 777556 / 777582 www.minic.go Ministry of Internal Affairs Nile Avenue, Khartoum Tel: + 249 83 779900 / 779903 www.moi.gov.sd Ministry of Irrigation and Water Resources Nile Avenue, Khartoum Tel: + 249 83 773601 / 773878 www.moiwr.gov.sd Ministry of Justice Nile Avenue, Khartoum Tel: + 249 83 774906 / 771479 www.moj.gov.sd Ministry of Manpower Jam’aa (University) St., Khartoum Tel: + 249 83 772612 / 775550 Ministry of Industry Railway St., Khartoum Tel: + 249 83 793534 / 792957 www.industry.gov.sd Ministry of Investment Al Mogran, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 760848 www.sudaninvest.gov.sd

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Ministry of Minerals Ministry of Petroleum Nile Avenue, Khartoum Ministry of Transport, Roads and Bridges Railway Road, Khartoum Tel: + 249- 83775865 / 775290 / 775440 / 766745 Fax: + 249 83 773266 www.mot.gov.sd Ministry of Tourism and Wildlife Khartoum 2, Khartoum Tel: + 249 83 471329 / 471286 www.sudan-tourism.gov.sd The Attorney General Nile Avenue, Khartoum Tel: + 249 83 779936 / 777719

Governmental and Non-Governmental Bodies Council of Ministers McNimir St., Khartoum Tel: + 249 83 779003 / 781082 Council for Popular Amity Jam’aa St., Khartoum Tel: + 249 83 777900 / 7773755 Customs Police HQs East of Hurriya St., Khartoum Tel: + 249 83 772059 / 772525 Friendship Hall Nile Avenue, Khartoum Tel: + 249 83 774961 General Union of Sudanese Students South of Friendship Hall, Khartoum Tel: + 249 83 783102 General Union of Sudanese Women Jamhuriya St., Khartoum Tel: + 249 83 785749 Higher Council for Peace Nile Avenue, Khartoum Tel: + 249 83 780078 Khartoum State Nile avenue, Khartoum Tel: + 249 83 770627 / Fax: + 249 83 788330 info@khartoumstate.gov.sd

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General Information

Lawyers Association Amarat St. 61, Khartoum Tel: + 249 83 774414 Medical Association Nile Avenue, Khartoum Tel: + 249 83 779769 / 777617 National Congress Secretariat General Khartoum Tel: + 249 83 772411 National Records (Sudan Archives) Jamhuriya Avenue, Khartoum Tel: + 249 83 784255 / 784135 Sudanese Company for Duty Free Zones and Shops International Fair of Khartoum, Khartoum Burri Tel: + 249 83 72702 / 272909

The Political System (the National Congress) The National Congress is the only political organisation in Sudan under which various popular and professional Sudanese sectors are represented.

It is formed by the people’s active participation in electing their representatives from the grassroots, with representatives from geographic counties, states, professionals and Sudanese living abroad.

All these sectors hold general conferences and elect representatives to the highest body – the National Congress – which thus represents people from various backgrounds and disciplines. The main task of the National Congress is to set the general governmental and social policies.

Hills on the Nile

of the country. The desert covers about 700,000 sq km – one-quarter of the country. The total area of the semi-desert vegetation covers about 478,000 sq km.

The total area of low rainfall savanna on clay covers about 122,000 sq km.

The wide variety of vegetation types in Sudan is reflected in its fauna. Out of the numerous mammal orders in Africa, 12 can be found in Sudan, and 1,931 species of birds have been recorded in Sudan. Equally diversified is the fish fauna, the most significant of which are that of the Nile. The Nile is geologically old and has a distinctive “Nilotic” fauna, which includes relatively few species (24 families and 106 species). Similarly, the insect fauna of Sudan is much diversified. It is estimated that there are at least 100 species of insect pests in Sudan.

GEOGRAPHY Environment Sudan is mainly composed of extensive plains or ironstone soils in the south, clay in the central regions and sand in the north and west. There are a few mountainous areas of which the principal ones are the Imatong in the south, Jebel Marra in the west and the Red Sea Hills in the east. The major plant life zones in Sudan are desert, semi-desert, woodland savanna on clay and woodland savanna on sand, woodland derived recently from the rain forest, the flood region and Montana vegetation. The arid and semi-arid areas constitute more than 60% of the area

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Baboons are one of the numerous primate specie living in Sudan

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General Information

Topography The vast land of Sudan that extends from latitudes 4 to 22 North, ranges from desert to semi-desert, savanna, subtropics, tropical forests and coastal environments. It can be divided roughly into three main regions. The desert belt is the northern 30% of the country, which is desert or semi-desert, with rocks at or near the surface covered by thin poor soil. The semi-desert belt is south of the desert belt and typical of the western part of the country.

It is an area of undulating sand dunes dotted with vegetation. Isolated highlands, such as the Mount Marra and the Nuba Mountains, are also part of this terrain. The clay plain covers the greater part of the country, including the whole of the southern, central and eastern part of the country.

Mountains Five distinct mountain ranges and plateaus characterise the relief of the landmass of Sudan.

Among these are the mountain ranges of the Red Sea Hills in the northeast and the mountain forest plateau of Imatong in the south. Mount Marra is a sprawling highland more than 10,000 feet above sea level in the southwest. Al Meidob cluster of mountains stand in the farthest north of the western

state of Darfur. Finally, there are Nuba Mountains, which are located in the rich rainy savanna belt of southern Kordofan.

The Nile The waters of the River Nile gather from many countries: Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. The contribution of Sudan and that of Egypt is negligible. Of the total volume, 84% comes from Ethiopia and 16% from the lake plateau of central Africa. The Nile Basin covers an area of 1,100,000 square miles, roughly one-tenth of the area of Africa. The main Nile is formed by the confluence of the White and Blue Niles at Khartoum state, north of the Bridge of Shembat, between the towns of Omdurman and Khartoum North. For the 1,880 miles from Khartoum to the Mediterranean the Nile has no perennial tributaries and is believed to be the longest stretch of river in the world. There are no other regular tributaries. The Atbara River, which joins the main Nile 200 miles north of Khartoum, carries large volumes of water when it is in spate, but is dry for more than half the year. In the 950 miles of its course in Sudan there are a number of cataracts; some of them have great potential for the development of hydroelectric power on a large scale.

Mountains in the South

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General Information

The White Nile The White Nile flows for a distance of 2,265 miles, has various names in its upper reaches. Its most remote source is the Luveronza River, which rises in Tanzania about 4,200 miles south of the Mediterranean Sea. The Luveronza joins the Kagera River, where they flow into Lake Victoria.

From this great freshwater lake (the second largest in the world), the only outlet is the Victoria Nile, which reaches swampy Lake Kioga through a series of rapids. After another series of falls, of which the Murchison is the last and most spectacular, the Victoria Nile passes through Lake Alberta. Entering Sudan at Nimuli, about 3,100 miles from the sea, the river is now known as Bahr El Jebel. For the next 100 miles, there is yet another series of rapids and then the river embarks on a long journey through the Great Plains of Sudan. After winding through papyrus swamps for over 400 miles, Bahr el Jebel reaches Lake No, where Bahr el Ghazal joins it from the west. From this point onwards, the main stream is known as the White Nile. Its total length from Lake No to Khartoum is about 600 miles. After about 80 miles from Lake No, it is joined by Sobat River, which runs down from the mountains of Ethiopia.

There are no other tributaries of any importance of the White Nile between there and Khartoum.

The Nile is a source of life for the Sudanese

The Blue Nile The Blue Nile originates from Lake Tana, which lies on the Ethiopian plateau about 1,000 miles from Khartoum. Its course in Sudan is nearly 500 miles long and is joined by the rivers Dinder and Rahad between Sennar and Khartoum.

Climate As Sudan lies wholly within the tropics, it has a tropical climate that is generally hotter in the north and cooler in the south. Nevertheless, it is characterised by a wide range of climatic variations due to the huge size of the country. The greater part of the country falls under the influence of the trade winds; hence, it generally has hot, rainy summers and warm, dry winters. The amount of rainfall decreases from about 1,500 mm in the south to less than 25 mm in the northern extremity. The duration of the rainy season and rainfall and its reliability increases from north to south. The main rainy season is July to September, but occasional showers fall in May and June, particularly in the higher rainfall areas in the south. The Red Sea Hills have monsoon rains during October and November. There is little rain in the far north and central regions, occurring mostly in July and August. Between April and October severe sandstorms (haboubs) blow frequently in the northern part of the country. In the south, the rainy season is much heavier and lasts from May to October. High temperatures characterise the period from March to June, reaching up to 42째C at daytime and 27째C during the night. July to October is mild and benign, as the rainy season begins. November to February is temperate with short, cold, breezy spells, bringing the temperature to 30째C at daytime and to less than 16째C at night.

People and Culture Sudan is an ethnic, religious and linguistic conglomeration, consisting of about 596 tribes speaking nearly 115 languages. The main racial elements consist of indigenous Hemitic (Nubians and Bija) and Negroid (Nilotics and Equtorians) as well as immigrant Arabs. The dominance of Arabs in the north and Negroes in the south reflects the ethnic composition of the entire African continent.

The population is now 33 million, composed of 57 ethnic groups subdivided into 596 tribes. They are classified into five major categories: Arabs (39%), Nilotics or central southerners (20%), westerners of Darfur (13%), Nuba (5%) and foreigners (7%).

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General Information

Tribes in the South Sudan

About 70% of the populations are Muslim, 25% are followers of indigenous beliefs and 5% are Christian.

Language The official language in Sudan is Arabic. The majority of the educated population and intelligentsia also speak and write English, which is widely used in the business and government sectors. Indigenous languages are widely used. Different Arabic vernaculars serve as lingua franca in the various regions.

RELIGION Muslims Somewhat more than half of Sudan’s population was Muslim in the early 1990s. Most Muslims, perhaps 90%, lived in the north, where they constituted 75% or more of the population. Data on Christians was

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less reliable; estimates ranged from 4 to 10% of the population. At least one-third of the Sudanese were still attached to the indigenous religions of their forebears. Most Christian Sudanese and adherents of local religious systems lived in southern Sudan.

Islam had made inroads into the south, but more through the need to know Arabic than a profound belief in the tenets of the Quran. The SPLM, which in 1991 controlled most of southern Sudan, opposed the imposition of the sharia (Islamic law).

Christianity Christianity was most prevalent among the peoples of Al Istiwai State, the Madi, Moru, Azande and Bari.

The major churches in Sudan were the Roman Catholic Church and the Anglican Church. Southern communities might include a few Christians, but the rituals and world view of the area were not in general those of traditional Western Christianity. The few communities that had formed around mission stations had disappeared with the dissolution of the missions in 1964. The indigenous Christian churches in Sudan, with external support, continued their

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mission, however, and had opened new churches and repaired those destroyed in the continuing civil conflict.

Originally, the Nilotic peoples were indifferent to Christianity, but in the latter half of the 20th century many people in the educated elite embraced its tenets, at least superficially. English and Christianity have become symbols of resistance to the Muslim government in the north, which has vowed to destroy both. Unlike the early civil strife of the 1960s and 1970s, the insurgency in the 1980s and the 1990s has taken on a more religiously confrontational character.

Indigenous Religions Each indigenous religion is unique to a specific ethnic group or part of a group, although several groups may share elements of belief and ritual because of common ancestry or mutual influence. The group serves as the congregation, and an individual usually belongs to that faith by virtue of membership in the group. Believing and acting in a religious mode is part of daily life and is linked to the social, political and economic actions and relationships of the group.

The beliefs and practices of indigenous religions in Sudan are not systematised, in that the people do not generally attempt to put together in coherent fashion the doctrines they hold and the rituals they practise.

USEFUL INFORMATION FOR TRAVELLERS Health Regulations A foreign visitor to Sudan must provide on arrival an official health certificate for AIDS and ebola and a valid international certificate of vaccination. This should include vaccination against yellow fever and cholera if arriving from areas where these diseases are endemic. Infants who are younger than six months old must provide an AIDS health certificate.

Driving Licence and Permits Vehicles are driven on the right hand side in Sudan.

Foreigner residents are subject to the same driving regulations as Sudanese citizens. A Sudanese driving licence could be obtained on passing a driving test or by exchanging a driving licence obtained in another country.

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Traffic on Shambat Bridge

Foreigners are not allowed to drive public transport vehicles such as buses or taxis. A tourist entering the country in a personal vehicle can drive it for a maximum of 90 days without licensing it with the Traffic Department, provided that it has a comprehensive insurance coverage or is insured immediately on arrival in Sudan, and has a licence issued in their country of origin. After this time they must exchange their licence for a Sudanese or an International Driving Licence, which have unlimited validity.

Motoring Permission for motors should be requested from the Ministry of Interior Relations, Department of Passports and Immigration. Motorists must pay a deposit or submit a letter of guarantee signed by a bank, a business firm or a Sudanese citizen.

Permission to motor in or throughout Sudan is not granted to fewer than two vehicles. Most roads in Sudan are fit for motoring in the dry season only (November to May). Motorists are therefore advised to enquire about the condition of the roads before attempting to travel.

Visa Requirements and Extensions Foreign nationals visiting Sudan for a period exceeding three days must take their passports to the Aliens Registration Office within that time. Hotel management staff can usually organise this; those who would rather do it themselves should take a photocopy of their passport, two passport photos and 130 SDG (approximately US$55). Travel permits are available at the same office for those who wish to journey outside Khartoum.

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General Information

Entry procedures to Sudan Citizens of all countries are welcome to visit Sudan.

According to prevailing laws and regulations, in order to enter or leave the country, a visitor must be in possession of a valid passport for at least two months, and must also obtain an entry visa.

Entry Visa Entry visas to Sudan are issued at all Sudanese embassies and consulates abroad. Non-Sudanese nationals, except holders of the United Nations laissez-passer, or seamen on duty, should present a valid passport and three passport-size photos at their local embassy or consulate. An entry visa application form stating the essential details of the passport should be filled out and application dues paid.

On certain occasions the entry visa can be issued at the airport and border stations, provided that the visitor or his/her agent has sent an application to the Ministry of Interior, Department of Passports and Immigration.

Transit Visa Transit visas are valid for seven days for air travellers and 21 days for land travellers. They are not required for transit passengers, who must leave the country within 24 hours, during which time they should stay at the airport.

Temporary Residence in Sudan This residence permit allows holders to enter Sudan and remain for a stated period. Visitors intending to work or study must apply for a temporary residence permit for the required duration, subject to extension, if necessary. Documents required for issuing a temporary residence permit for work are: - a work permit - a letter of recommendation from the employer or work place - two passport-size photos - fees.

Documents required for issuing a temporary residence permit for study are: - acceptance from a university or an institute - two passport-size photos - fees.

Exit Visa Exit visas must be obtained by all Sudanese nationals and foreigners who have resided in Sudan for longer than ten months.

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Alien Regulations Upon arrival in Sudan, all foreign visitors must register their names at the Alien Department of the Ministry of Interior or at the pertinent departments in other states of Sudan within three days of arrival.

They need to notify the appropriate department when they travel from one locality to another.

Registration Requirements Registration requirements are: - completion of registration form - one passport-size photo - a letter of sponsorship from a Sudanese citizen, company or hotel - fees.

On completion of these formalities, a visitor is permitted a renewable one-month residency in Sudan.

Domestic Travel Foreign visitors are allowed to travel freely between different districts of Sudan after receiving the domestic travel permits from the Alien Department. The validity of these permits is one month, subject to renewal.

Documents needed to issue a travel permit are: - a valid visa - four passport-size photos - fees

Customs No duty is required for tourists’ personal effects such as clothing and toiletries, plus 200 cigarettes or 1/4 oz. tobacco. Custom duties will be levied on such items as cameras, typewriters, computers, firearms, electrical appliances, and so on, subject to refund if exported within six months. A letter of guarantee in place of a deposit on the above-mentioned items signed by a bank, business firm or a Sudanese citizen may be accepted.

Photography Permit Requirements A prospective photographer is required to obtain a photographic permit from the Sudanese Tourism Corporation by submitting the following: - a letter from the sponsoring company or Sudanese citizen - a photocopy of the passport - two passport-size photographs.

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The nature of the visit determines the validity of the permit. Photographing archeological sites requires a permit from the Antiquities Authority and the Ministry of Tourism (fees are charged). Filming on videotape requires a permit from the Ministry of Tourism.

Scenic photography and photographing for media and informational purpose requires a permit from the General Secretary for External Information.

TRAVEL TO AND FROM SUDAN Different means of transport are available to travel to and from Sudan such as planes, bus, train and boats. There are several land entrances linking Sudan with its neighboring countries.

• Sudan to Libya: Mount Owaynat in north Darfur represents the borderline between Sudan, Egypt and Libya. It is connected to two major Sudanese towns by land tracks. The first goes through the desert to Dongola. The second one ends in Khartoum. A Sudanese customs checkpoint is located at 50 km from Owaynat.

• Sudan to Egypt: Halayiib is a Sudanese customs checkpoint with a land route leading to the Suez port in Egypt via Shalateen and Abu Ramad.

Halayiib is connected to Port Sudan by a land track.

Travelling Inside Sudan

Air Travel

Due to the size of the country, all means of transport whether by land, river, or by air are in use. Travelling by land is easier nowadays thanks to the construction of thousands of kilometres of highways.

Many foreign airliners fly to Khartoum, serving various international destinations. Sudan Airways, the local airline, is undergoing changes but still operates in the country.

Also Sudan Airways has a network of domestic flights covering a large area of Sudan. There is Sudan Rail with a network of railway lines extending to most parts of the country covering 4,750 km.

Land Entrance to Sudan

Sudan Railways

Travelling by land is one of the major means of getting to Sudan, especially from neighbouring countries. Customs and immigration checkpoints on the borders of Sudan and these countries facilitate the passage of travellers and goods. The main land routes used presently are: • Sudan to Central Africa: Um Dafoug in the extreme south of Darfur is the main border checkpoint for passage between Sudan and Central Africa. From Um Dafoug a land track leads to Nyala, the largest town in the region.

The reason for the construction of railways from Wadi to Halfa in the North to the interior of Sudan at the turn of the last century was to facilitate the advance of Anglo-Egyptian army. The railway route to Khartoum was completed before 1930. It was the first mechanical means of transport introduced in Sudan. After fulfilling its military missions, Sudan Railways (SR) was turned into a civil government department commuting passengers and freight. SR has made substantial contributions in promoting income and outcome trade via Port Sudan and the river berth of Wadi Halfa, as the cost of freight transport by railway is much cheaper. Travellers may make their reservations at Khartoum, Atbara and Halfa railway stations.

Regular railway lines and towns covered are: • Nyala–Ed Di’ein–Abuzabad–Kosti–Sennar– Madani–Khartoum • Al Obeid–Kosti–Sennar–Medani–Khartoum (travel duration 24 hours) • Karima–Abu Hamad–Atbara–Shendi–Khartoum (travel duration 30 hours) • Port Sudan–Atbara–Shendi–Khartoum (travel duration 24 hours) • Wadi Halfa–Abu Hamad–Atbara–Shendi– Khartoum (travel duration 24 hrs).

• Sudan to Chad: El Geneina on the Sudanese side and Adri on the Chadian side are the main passages between the two countries. They are linked together by a land track. There is a Sudanese customs checkpoint in El Geneina.

• Sudan to Eritrea: There are several land entrances between Sudan and Eritrea of which two main ones are Kassala and Garroara. Kassala is joined to the Eritrean town of Tasanay by means of a land route. There is a customs checkpoint at Kassala. Garroara is a town on the northern frontier divided into two sides, a Sudanese and Eritrean one sharing the same name.

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General Information

Motorways No asphalt motorways were constructed in Sudan during the colonial rule. The first motorway, connecting Khartoum to Wad Medani, was laid after Sudan gained independence, in the period between 1957 and 1964. Additionally there are hard-surface land routes that are passable year-round.

These are the motorways in Sudan: • Khartoum to Atbara: This was laid in the last four years and spans 306 km. It is the first asphalt motorway to be constructed on the east of the Nile in a northward direction from Khartoum. The archeological sites of the ancient kingdom of Meroe are located along its path. North and south of Shendi, at El Bajrawiya, Naq’aa and Mussawarat.

Kordofan state, Kadugli. Located along its path are the towns of Um Ruwaba, Rahad, Debeibat, Dalanj and lastly, Kadugli.

• Khartoum to Port Sudan – The stretch of this motorway, including the Khartoum–Wad Medani section, is 1190 km. It traverses in a semi-circle through Gezira, Gedarif, Kasssala and Port Sudan States, passing by many major towns and terminating at Port Sudan.

• Nyala to Kas to Zalingei – This motorway connects Nyala town, the capital of South Darfur state, to the towns of Kas and Zalingei in the highland region of Jebel Marra through a distance of 210 km

• Khartoum to Damazeen: The span of this motorway is approximately 550 km. It runs through the major agricultural production areas of Gezira along the White Nile. The motorway links several towns of the White Nile and Kordofan states.

Airlines

• Khartoum to Kadugli: This has a span of 900 km connecting Khartoum to the capital of South

Khartoum International Airport + 249 0183 779147 / 779126

Sudan offers great roads infrastructures

(see Business Resources chapter)

Sudanese International Airports

General Information

Port Sudan Airport + 249 03118 22840 Juba Airport + 249 08118 20800 Dongola Airport + 249 02418 22077 El fashir Airport + 249 07318 40832 Nyala Airport + 249 07118 40832 Kassala Airport + 249 04118 52909 El obied Airport + 249 06118 21499 / 22000 Marawi Airport + 249 02318 21075 ed-Dabba Airport + 249 02718 71028 Kadugli Airport + 249 06312 2081 Malakal Airport + 249 08312 2011

Currency Regulations Foreign visitors are permitted to bring along any amount of foreign currency, travellers’ cheques or letters of credit, provided that they declare these sums at the Customs Foreign Exchange at the arrival terminals. This declaration is compulsory.

The Customs Declaration Certificate is valid for three months, subject to renewal. Any transaction involving foreign currency outside the amounts declared is illegal. Other transactions like the selling or buying of foreign currency within the declared sums are done through dealing with the accredited bank exchange bureaus found in most hotels, bank branches and airports. On departure, a foreign visitor may leave with unspent currency, provided that the spent amounts have been duly registered and deducted from the total sum indicated in the Customs Declaration Certificate.

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PRACTICAL INFORMATION Currency, Exchange Rate and Banks The Sudanese pound is the national currency. Notes are issued in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 pounds. In 2010, one American dollar (US$1) bought approximately 2.4 Sudanese pounds (SDG 2.4) and one Euro (â‚Ź1) will buy 3 Sudanese pounds.

There are banks in major cities and towns. The usual working hours are 8.30am to 2.30pm Saturday to Thursday.

Time Sudan is three hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time.

Official Working Hours The government sector works from 7.30am to 2.30pm, Saturday to Thursday. Friday is an official holiday. Sunday is a weekly holiday in southern states. Most companies work later in the afternoon (until 5pm), and some are closed on Saturday.

Measurement System Length: metric (metres, centimetres) Weight: metric (kilograms, grams) Land: 1 feddan = 4,200 sq m = 0.42 hectares Public Holidays The fixed holidays are: Independence Day: January 1st Orthodox Christmas: January 7th Coptic Easter Monday: April 12th Revolution Day: June 30th Assumption Day: August 15th All Saints Day: November 1st Christmas Day: December 25th As Sudan is an Islamic country, festivals in Sudan are based on the lunar calendar. The dates vary therefore from year to year but they are usually announced in the newspapers a few days beforehand.

Foreign Embassies in Sudan Embassy of Algeria Mashtal St., Riyadh, Khartoum PO Box 80 Tel: + 249 183 234773 / 233212 Fax: + 249 183 224160

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Embassy of Austria Baladia St., Khartoum PO Box 21, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 780387 / 770539 Tel: Khartoum North: + 249 185 330533 Fax: + 249 183 777170 Embassy of Brazil Ghaba St., Khartoum, PO Box 267 Tel: + 249 183 770638 / Fax: + 249 183 779316 Consulate of Belgium Ammarat St. 33, Khartoum PO Box 662 Tel: + 249 183 489232 / 489231 Fax: + 249 183 489230 Consulate of Bulgaria Ammarat St. 31, Khartoum PO Box 1690 Tel: + 249 183 463414 / 465218 Embassy of China Manshiaa, Khartoum PO Box 1425 Tel: + 249 183 272603 / 272730 Fax: + 249 183 271138

Embassy of Central Africa Riyadh block 21, Khartoum PO Box 6888 Tel: + 249 183 240816 Fax: + 249 183 240816 Embassy of Congo Ammarat St. 13, Khartoum PO Box 10300 / 4195 Tel: + 249 183 471120 / 471125 Embassy of Chad Ammarat St. 57, Khartoum PO Box 1514 Tel: + 249 183 471612 / 471074 Embassy of Canada Baladia St., Khartoum PO Box 10503 Tel: + 249 183 563672 / 790322 Fax: + 249 183 790321 Consulate of Czech Jamhuriya St., Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 778044 / 778045 Fax: + 249 183 775647

Airport

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Embassy of Ethiopia South Khartoum PO Box 844 Tel: + 249 183 471379 / 471156 Fax: + 249 183 471141 Embassy of Eritrea St. 39, Khartoum 2 Tel: + 249 183 483834 / Fax: + 249 183 483835 Embassy of Egypt Mogran – Jam’aa St., Khartoum PO Box 1126 Tel: + 249 183 777646 / 772836 Fax: + 249 183 778741 Embassy of France Ammarat St. 13, Khartoum PO Box 377 Tel: + 249 183 471082 / 474893 Fax: + 249 183 495928 Consulate of Finland Jamhuriya St., Khartoum PO Box 1696 Tel: + 249 183 774304 / 783723 Fax: + 249 183 773503 Embassy of Germany Baladia St. block 8, Khartoum PO Box 970 Tel: + 249 183 777975 / 777990 Fax: + 249 183 777622 Embassy of Greece Jamhuria St. Khartoum PO Box 1182 Tel: + 249 183 773135 Embassy of Iraq Khartoum, Garden City PO Box 1969 Tel: + 249 183 271866 / 271863 Fax: + 249 183 271855 Embassy of Indonesia Riyadh Area Block 12, Khartoum PO Box 13374 Tel: + 249 183 229106 / 225722 Fax: + 249 183 225528 Embassy of Italy Ammarat St. 39, Khartoum PO Box 793 Tel: + 249 183 471616 / 471614 Fax: + 249 183 471217

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Embassy of India Africa St. House 61, Khartoum, PO Box 707 Tel: + 249 183 471085 / 471202 Fax: + 249 183 472266 Embassy of Japan St. 48 block 67, Khartoum 2, PO Box 1049 Tel: + 249 183 471601 / 471602 Fax: + 249 183 471600 Embassy of Jordan Amarat St. 33, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 472629 / 475090 Fax: + 249 183 471038 Embassy of Kuwait Africa Avenue, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 773184 / 773185 Fax: + 249 183 781112 Embassy of Korea Manshiaa, Khartoum, PO Box 2414 Tel: + 249 183 239171 / 239178 Fax: + 249 183 239170 Embassy of Kenya Ammarat St. 3, Khartoum PO Box 1526 Tel: + 249 183 463758 / 466386 Fax: + 249 183 472264 Khartoum Riyadh block 18 Tel: + 249 183 222545 / 222457 Embassy of Lebanon Ammarat St. 5, Khartoum PO Box 1407 Tel: + 249 183 461320 / 461295 Fax: + 249 183 461246 Embassy of Morocco Ammarat St. 7 block 24, Khartoum PO Box 2042 Tel: + 249 183 471603 / 471604 Fax: + 249 183 471053 Embassy of Malaysia Ammarat St. 3 block 10, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 482763 / 482764 Fax: + 249 183 482762 Embassy of Netherlands St. 47, Khartoum 2 PO Box 391 Tel: + 249 183 471200 / 471198 Fax: + 249 183 471204

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Embassy of Nigeria Elmik Nimer St. 17, Khartoum, PO Box 1538 Tel: + 249 183 779121 / 779120 Fax: + 249 183 771491

Embassy of Switzerland Ammarat St. 15, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 225503 / 223445 Fax: + 249 183 472804

Consulate of Norway Taha Elroubi building, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 780387 / 770539 Fax: + 249 183 780430

Consulate of Sweden El Barlaman St., Khartoum PO Box 2206 Tel: + 249 183 780500 / 785036 Fax: + 249 183 774872

Embassy of Oman Ammarat St. 1, Khartoum, PO Box 2839 Tel: + 249 183 471605 / 471606 Fax: + 249 183 471017 Consulate of Poland Ammarat St. 13, Khartoum, PO Box 1718 Tel: + 249 183 471803 / 471831 Embassy of Qatar Ammarat St. 13, Khartoum ,PO Box 223 Tel: + 249 183 471621 / 461622 Fax: + 249 183 471036 Embassy of Russia Ammarat St. 5, Khartoum, PO Box 1161 Tel: + 249 183 471239 / 471042 Fax: + 249 183 471239 Embassy of Romania North Kafori City, Khartoum PO Box 1494 Tel: + 249 185 338114 / 341497 Fax: + 249 185 330113 Embassy of Saudi Arabia Ammarat St. 29, Khartoum PO Box 852 Tel: + 249 183 472584 / 472583 Fax: + 249 183 471069 Embassy of Spain Khartoum International Convention Center, Building 1, Block 7/A Sharia’ Al-maraad Burri El Daraisa PO Box 274, Khartoum emb.jartum@maec.es Embassy of Syria Ammarat St. 3, Khartoum PO Box 1139 Tel: + 249 183 471153 / 471152 Fax: + 249 183 471066

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Consulate of Sri Lanka Gamma St., Khartoum PO Box 2157 Tel: + 249 183 784125 / 784105 Fax: + 249 183 777112 Consulate of Slovakia El Barlaman St., Khartoum PO Box 508 Tel: + 249 183 778437 / 774514 Fax: + 249 183 779437 Embassy of Turkey El Barlaman St., Khartoum PO Box 771 Tel: + 249 183 794215 / 794217 Fax: + 249 183 794218 Embassy of Thailand Nifidi building, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 780385 / 780500 Fax: + 249 183 771532 / 775090 Embassy of the UK Baladia St., Khartoum PO Box 801 Tel: + 249 183 777105 / 770796 Fax: + 249 183 776457 Embassy of the United Arab Emirates Amarat St., 3, Khartoum, PO Box 1225 Tel: + 249 183 471094 / 471100 Fax: + 249 183 471110 Embassy of Uganda Abu Garja St., East Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 797868 / 797869 Fax: + 249 183 797868 Embassy of the Vatican North Kafori, Khartoum Tel: + 249 185 332046 / 330037 Fax: + 249 185 330692

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Embassy of the USA Ali Abdullatif St., Khartoum PO Box 699 Tel: + 249 183 774701 / 774702 Fax: + 249 183 775680 Embassy of Yemen Ammarat St., 11, Khartoum PO Box 1182 Tel: + 249 183 773135

Sudanese Embassies Abroad Algeria 8, Shara baski Brond El Yanabia, Beir Murad Reis Algiers Tel: + 2132-566-623 / 616 Fax: + 2132-693-019 TLX: 662-145 Austria Reisner St. 29/5, 1030 Wien, Vienna Tel: + 431-7102343 / 7102344 Fax: + 431-7102346 Tlx: 114385 Sudan-emabassy-vienna@aon.at Azerbaijan PO Box 65 Paco Azerbaijan Tel: + 994-456 / 020 / 767 Belgium 12 Avenue Franklin D. Roosvelt 1060, Brussels, Belgiuum Tel: + 322-647-9494 / 5159 Fax: 648-3499 TLX: 24370 Canada 457, Laurier Avenue East Ottowa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6R4, Tel: + 613-235-4000 / 4999 Fax: 235 / 6880 Central African Republic Avenue de l’Independence PO Box 1351 Bangui, Central African Republic Tel: + 23661-615-011

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China Building 27, San Li Tuin Beijing, China Tel: + 8610-532-375 / 532-3329 Fax: + 8610-532-1280 mission.sudan@itu.ch Czech Republic Malostranske Nabrezi 1 110 00 Prague Tel: + 422-536-547 Djibouti Iron House, IE12, PO Box 4259 Tel: + 253-356-404 Fax: + 253-356-662 Egypt 3 Ibrahim St., Garden City, Cairo Tel: + 202)-355-7705, 7925 / 354-5043 / 354-0582 / 354-5658 / 354-0364 Fax: 354-2693 Ethiopia Kerkos Kelly PO Box 1110 Addis Ababa Tel: + 2511-515-241 Fax: + 517-030 / 518-141 sudan.embassy@telecom.net.et France 56 Avenue Montaigne 75008, Paris Tel: + 331-422-55-573 / Fax: + 456-36-673 ambassade-du-soudan@wanadoo.fr Germany Koblenzer Strasse 107 53177 Bonn Tel: + 49-(0)-228-933700 Fax: + 49-(0)-228-335123 Botschaft@sudan-embassy.de India M.14, N.D.S.E., Part 11 New Delhi, 110049 Tel: + 644-0434 / 644-0336 Fax: + 9111-688-3758 Indonesia Jakarta Tel: + 6221-521-2099 Fax: + 6221-521-2077

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Iran Hotel, Room 1021–1024 PO Box 1526 Teheran Tel: + 9821-297-211 / 297-212 Fax: + 9821-295-008 / 437-8931 Tlx: 213372 Iraq El Mansoura, Sharia El Malouk Station 601, Shariia 11, House 41, Baghdad Tel: + 9641-542-4889 TLX: + 9641-213374 Italy Via Lazzaro Spallanzani 24 00161 Roma Tel: + 396-440-3609 / 3071 Fax: + 396-440-4377 / 440-2358 TLX: 610302 Japan Obana House 2-7-11, Shirogane, Minato-Ku, Tokyo (108) Tel: + 8133-3280-3161, 3280-3162, 3280-3163 Fax: 3280-3164 Tlx: J73876 Jordan PO Box 3305, Area 13135 Square 22, El Malfuf Eastern Oman mountain St of Maviada, Amman Tel: + 9626-644-251 / 644-252 Fax: + 9626-644-187 Tlx: + 9626-23941-5450 Kenya Minet I.C.D.C. Building Mamlaka Nyrere Road PO Box 48784 Nairobi Tel: + 2542-720-854 Fax: + 2542-722-253 Korea 653-24, Hannam-dong – Yongsa-ku Seoul, Korea (South) Tel: + 822-793-8692 / 792-0358, 749-1090 Fax: + 822-793-8693 Tlx: K25936 Kuwait PO Box 1076 Safaa Tel: + 965-251-9299 Fax: + 965-251-9382

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Lebanon Verdun St., Minkara Building Beirut Tel: + 9611-353270 Fax: + 9611-353271 Libya 68 Mohamed Ali Mosadak St., Tripoli Tel: + 21821-753-87 / 600-968 / 600-709 Fax: + 21821-607-611 Malaysia Kuala Lampur Tel: + 603-456-9104 Fax: + 603-293-9732 / 456-8107 Morocco 5 Rue Ghomara Ave. Souissi Rabat Tel: + 2127-752-863 Fax: + 2127-752-865 Netherlands 81 Laan Copes Van Cattenburch 2585, EW, The Hague Tel: + 3170-360-5300 / 346-3704 / 362-0939 Nigeria 28 Kofo Abayomi St., Victoria Island PO Box 2428, Lagos Tel: + 2341-615-889 / 617-311 Fax: + 2341-615-945 Oman PO Box 3971, P.C. 112 Shatti Al-Qurum, Bildg 31 Muscat Sultanate of Oman Tel: + 968-697-875 / 697543 Fax: + 968-699-065 E-Mail: suanimt@gto.net.om Pakistan 203, Ramna 6/3 PO Box 1041 Islamabad Tel: + 9251-212-142 / 213-294 / 212-142 Fax: + 9251-820-172 Tlx: + 5617 SUDIS PK Qatar Al-Hilal St., PO Box 2999, Doha Tel: + 974-423-007 / 008 Fax: + 974-351-366 TLX: + 974-4707

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Romania St. Brincutel 11, Sector 1, Bucharest Tel: + 401-611-4968 Fax: + 401-211-1217

Tel: + 25551-32-022 / 46-509 / 32-023 Tunisia 30 Africa Avenue Tel: + 2161-238-544 / 238-917

Russian Federation Moscow, UL Povarskaya 9 Tel: + 7095-290-3732 / 290-3713 Fax: + 290-3985 sudanimos@moscow.portal.ru

Turkey Ankara G.O.P. Koza Sok 51 Tel: + 0312-4413884 / 85-Amb. Dir.: 4416378 Fax: + 0312-4413886 Telex : 46719 SD

Saudi Arabia Shara 30, PO Box 94337 Riyadh 11693 Tel: + 9661-488-7979 / 7396 / 7388 / 7478 Fax: + 488-7729 Tlx: 406844 Consulate : Jeddah : Tel: 9662 6476003-9662 6471090-Priv. 6478728

United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, Hamdan Avenue PO Box 4027, Abu Dhabi, UAE Tel: + 9712-822-7502 / 727-334 Fax: 780-836 Sudembii@emirates.net.ae

South Africa Pretoria Tel: + 2712-320-153 Fax: + 2712-342-4539 / 24539 Spain Paseo de la Castellana, 115 - 11ª Izda.

28046 Madrid Tel: + 34 91/417.49.04 Fax : + 34 91/417.49.03 Sweden Drottninggatan 81A, Solna Tel: + 468-208041 / 201241 / 201621 Fax: + 468-201621 Tlx: 12609 SudStkk Switzerland 49 Avenue Blanc, 1202 Geneva PO Box 335, 1211 Geneva 19 Tel: + 4122-731-26-63 / 6 Fax: + 731-26-56 Tlx: + 414124 SUDN CH Syria Shara El Karama El Jahiz Garden 4/86, Damascus Tel: + 330-447 / 247-046 / 334-797 Fax: + 330-247-238 Tlx: + 330-412155

United Kingdom 3 Cleveland Row, St. James, London SW1A 1DD, England, Tel: + 44171-839-8080 Fax: + 839-7560 United States of America 2210 Massachusetts Avenue N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 Tel: + 202-338-8565 Fax: + 202-745-2615 / 667-2406 Permanent Mission: New York, United States of America 655 Third Avenue Suite 500-10 New York, N.Y. 10017 Tel: + 212-573-6033 Fax: + 212-573-6160 Zambia Lusaka Tel (2601) 215-570/292-868 Fax (2601) 40-653 TLX: 40653 SEMLUN ZA Zimbabwe 4 Pascoe Avenue, Belgravia, Harare Tel (2634) 732-586

Tanzania 64 Upanga Road PO Box 2266, Dar Es Salam

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31

DID YOU KNOW ?

That Sudan has a total landmass of 2.5 million sq km, the largest in Africa. Diversified ecosystems, immense fertile land (80 million hectares), natural pastures (24 million hectares), forest area (64 million hectares).

That considerable water resources are available from the Nile and its tributaries. Sudan also has a long coastal line at the Red Sea (853 km) with the deep-water port of Port Sudan.

That the Sudanese economy continues to grow at a fast pace. Real economic growth, estimated at 10% in 2007, is among the highest in Africa.

The relevance of Sudan has increased in the field of investment during the last period due to its increasing economic importance from one side and its abundant economic resources from another.

That Sudan has become the target of businessmen from all around the globe and is increasingly becoming an attractive destination for international investments. The establishment of a Ministry of Investment reflects the attention the state pays to this process through creating a suitable investment climate.

That Oil exports started in August 2000 and refined oil products and natural gas in July. According to the Ministry of Finance and National Economy, oil revenues amounted to $582 million in January 2008.

That on the way to Port Sudan, about 200 km northeast of Khartoum lies ancient Meroe, the home of a few dozen pyramids spread over a small hill about one quarter square kilometer in size. The pyramids, much smaller than their well-known counterparts in Egypt, are the remains of a royal cemetery from the Meroitic kingdom (between 300 B.C. and 300 A.D.) That the Nile has two major tributaries, the White Nile and Blue Nile, the latter being the source of most of the Nile’s water and fertile soil, but the former being the longer of the two. The White Nile rises in the Great Lakes region of central Africa, while the Blue Nile starts at Lake Tana in Ethiopia flowing into Sudan from the southeast. The two rivers meet in Khartoum.

That the name of the Sudanese capital, Khartoum, comes from the Arabic word meaning “end of the elephant trunk”, due to the shape given by the confluence of the two Niles.

Port Sudan

32

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VOCABULARY Greetings

Hello

Traditional

Arabic greeting

Response to greeting

How are you?

I’m fine

Thank you

You are welcome

Goodbye

What’s your name?

to the hotel?

Aha lein

Salam a le Koom

Where are you from?

A le koom al salam

I’m from Burry city Ana min madeenat Burry

Keff al hal?

Ana ko ees (m) / eesa (f)

Are you here for vacation or business?

Enta hina fee ijaza wala shogol?

Shoo kran

Just for a short visit

Bas li’ziara gaseera

Aff wan

Eindak ahal hina?

Ma salama Ismak shinoo?

Are you from Kenya?

lil fo’ndog?

Enta min wain?

Enta min Kenya?

Yes I am Ay’wah

Do you have relatives here?

No, just a dear friend

Laa, bas sadeeg azeez

My name is Isme What do you do?

Bishtagal shinoo?

I’m a… Ana…

Where are you from?

Inti / inta min wen?

Numbers One Wahed

Ana min…

Keff al oosera?

Three Talata

Two Itnen

I’m from…

How’s your family?

They are fine

Koy seen

Four Arrba

Can I have…

Ana ayz (m) /

Five Hamsa

ayza (f)…

Six Sitta

Seven Saba

Common phrases

How much is it?

That’s too expensive!

Bea come?

Da kateer!

Money Groosh

Stop here

It’s delicious!

That’s enough!

Kee faya!

I don’t eat meat

Ana ma bit a kool

Eight Tamania Nine

Tesa ah

Ten

Ashara

Wogif hena La ziz!

laham

Good!

Taxi, are you free?

Yes, where are you going?

To the airport

Get in

Is it far?

No, ten minutes

How much for the trip?

Ta mam!

Taxi, fadee Na’am, wain raa’eh Lil mattar Etfadal, arkab Almatar ba’eed?

Laa, ashrraa daga’ig.

Cam hag al’mishwa’r?

£2,000

Can you take me to the market?

Momkin takhudnee lil soog?

Can you take me

Momkin narooh

www.ebizguides.com

Alf’ain geneh.

33

General Information

TOP COMPANIES

Tutti Bridge

In alphabetical order: 01 Adiyat 02 African Logistic Support Service (ALS) 03 AGS Frasers International Removal 04 Albarajoub 05 Al Baraka Bank 06 Al Mukhtar Group 07 Al Salam Bank 08 Al Salam Rotana 09 Alsunut development company Ltd 10 Amipharma Laboratories Ltd 11 Amzar Trading and Services 12 Araak 13 Arab Authority for Agricultural Investment and

Development (AAAID) 14 Aramex 15 Bajafar Brothers Advertising 16 Bank of Khartoum 17 Bashir Motors 18 Burj Al-Fateh Hotel 19 Byblos Bank 20 Canar 21 China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) 22 Coral 23 CMA containers 24 Danfodio 25 DAL

34

26 Dar Savanna International (SSG) 27 DHL Sudan 28 Diesel Generators 29 Easy Move 30 El Barbary Group 31 El Hadaf 32 El Mohandis Paints 33 El Nefeidi 34 El Nilein Industrial Development Bank Group (NIDB) 35 Eyat Oilfield Services Co Ltd 36 Faisal Islamic Bank 37 GIAD AUTO 38 Golden Arrow 39 Gum Arabic 40 Haggar Holding Company (HHC) 41 Hasco 42 Hashim Hago Group 43 Higleig Petroleum 44 House of Legal Consultancies and Services 45 Industrial Development Bank 46 Intercontinental Travel 47 JCB (Diesel Heavy Equipment) 48 Islamic Co-operative Development Bank 49 Jotun 50 Khartoum Refinery Co 51 Khartoum Stock Exchange

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TOP COMPANIES

Merwi Dam

52 Lines clearance & forwarding Co Ltd 53 Lines Shipping Agencies Co 54 Lines stevedoring Co 55 Maersk 56 Marfa Transport and Trade Co Ltd 57 Mohamed Ikhwan Group (MIG) 58 MTN 59 National Bank of Sudan 60 National Electricity Corporation (NEC) 61 National Highway Authority 62 Nile Paints Co 63 Nile River Transportation Company (NRTC) 64 Nova Airways 65 Oilibya 66 Olympia Travel Agency 67 One Sudani 68 ONGC Videsh 69 Petrodar 70 Petronas 71 Rantan Group of Companies 72 Rasilat Links 73 Regency Hotel 74 Roads and Bridges National Company 75 Saeed Group of Companies 76 Samhar International Company 77 Saudi Sudanese Bank 78 Sea Ports Corporation

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79 Shiekan Insurance and Reinsurance Co Ltd 80 Shirouq Paints 81 SL-MISC 82 Sudan Airways 83 Sudan Line Travel & Tourism Agency 84 Sudan Pile for Roads and Bridges 85 Sudan Railway Corporation 86 Sudan Shipping Line 87 Sudanese French Bank 88 Sudapet 89 Sudatel 90 Sudinreco 91 Tara Apartments 92 The Agricultural Bank of Sudan 93 The Sudan Cotton Co Ltd 94 Tiger 95 Traveller 96 United Capital Bank 97 Universal Protection, Indemnity & Insurance

services Co Ltd 98 White Nile Petroleum Operating Co Ltd 99 Zain 100 Zinanet

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36

BUSINESS RESOURCES

Al-ligal leak gal a’nnak He who tells you about others will tell others about you Sudanese proverb

37

Business Resources ACCOUNTANTS AND CONSULTANTS The Arab Society of Certified Accountants (ASCA) Bldg No. 5 Block 11Q East, St. 53 Alamarat, PO Box 1623, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 582065 Fax: + 249 183 582066 khartoum@ascasociety.org Talal Abu Ghazeleh International Sudanese Islamic Bank Building, 6th Floor, Apt 1, Al Qasr Avenue, P O Box 1623, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 765771 / 765773 / 766226 Fax: + 249 183 765772 agip.sudan@tagi.com Sheikh & Co Chartered Accountants Abuella New Building, Al Gamhoria St., Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 771 205 Fax: + 249 183 777 581 seikh.co.ips@sudanmail.net.sd Newtech Consulting engineers and planners # 33 Block 10, Riyadh Extension, Khartoum 12214 Tel: + 249 183 223679 / 222535 Fax: + 249 183 222552/155 180608 Information: PO Box 94, Burri, Khartoum 12214 www.newtechsudan.com EHAF Consulting engineers Tel: + 249 918108118 Fax: + 249 183 743905 ehafsudan@ehaf.com www.ehaf.com ECG Parliament St., Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 741322 Fax: + 249 183 741622 ecg-sudan@ecgsa.com sherif.mourad@ecgsa.com Industrial and Commercial Consultancy House PO Box 2467, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 771251 Import-export agency, consultancy, preparation of feasibility studies, information office, publicity

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ADVERTISING AGENCIES AND GRAPHIC DESIGNERS Tiger Khalid Talaat Farid General Manager Africa Road, Khartoum Tel: + 249 120 883661 khaled.talaatfarid@gmail.com tigercoltd@gmail.com Tiger provides the services of marketing and advertising studies and organizes advertising and marketing campaigns with the best rates available in every kind of media.

Tiger offers radio transmitted ads through active popular broadcasting stations such as mango FM, Alraba FM, Sudanese FM, home radio or Sport FM104; TV commercials and documentary features including scenario writing up to the final performance. The agency periodically renews its data concerning the best show times and most popular TV channels domestically and regionally.

Tiger is an expert in organizing exhibitions and showrooms and can provide participants with advertising items to distribute such as calendars, caps, pens, mugs or memorandums. Thanks to its reputation, the agency has a well established access to issue ads in circulating newspapers.

The design department of Tiger produces any kind of logos, banners, publication articles, business cards, headed papers, folders, posters, stamps, billboards, or signboards its clients may need. It also offers services in website designing and international web advertising through highly popular websites. Customization of trucks and cars is available, with different kinds of material: paints, stickers, plastic coatings…

Advertising through SMS is a specialty of Tiger: it can reach about 200,000 individuals throughout the country. Tiger expanded into the sport sponsorship: it’s one of the fastest growing means of advertising in Sudan.

New Life Printing Press Al Gamhoria St. Al Hurria St., Plot 3/1 Block 8G 1st Floor, Flat 2 Tel: + 249 183 785598 Fax : + 249 183 788520 info@new96life.com new96life@hotmail.com

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Business Resources

Kerma Arts & Designs Rashad Building, 5th Floor PO Box 13217 Tel: + 249 183 776828 Fax: + 249 183 779376 Khartoum International Channel Agency Tabia St., Kic Building, Omdurman Tel: + 249 187 559707 Fax: + 249 187 559706 kicadv@sudanmail.net.sd Bajafar Brothers Advertising Malik Gafar Sir Alkhatim General Manager Central Market Q. 35, Khartoum Tel: +249 183 438444 / 430999 / 565664 Fax: +249 183 435222 / 565652 malikgafar@hotmail.com bajafar.brothers@gmail.com Activity: advertising agency Date of creation: 1997

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Bajafar Brothers is working in promotion and marketing and exclusive rights and advertising in all its forms and practices. It includes billboards, publications, gifts and organizing events, exhibitions, festivals and celebrations. The company is presenting a range of modern tools such as mobile display screens and the optical (LED) in its different forms.

It has laboratory equipment with modern technology for display and print the section contains and the latest digital high quality printing machines. The forging, manufacturing, maintenance of machinery and tools for the manufacture of aluminum spray paints and coatings are led by a group of professionals and workers, both Sudanese and foreigners, with a high degree of efficiency.

Given the high number of media companies operating in the same area created a high competition. It was necessary for Bajafar to start thinking in making a quantum leap and work on developing the vision and style. The company developed an electronic display boards (LED) and LCD with different shapes and sizes to serve smart and stylish presentation purposes internally and externally. Bajafar Brothers is the only company to provide this package as

39

Business Resources

a huge innovation in advertising in the Sudan.

Bajafar Brothers Advertising has the exclusive right to advertise Canal Sunrise TV’s most watched channels, local TV, and is the exclusive distributor and technical advisor for the Office of Tax for the work of printing and advertising.

A contract was signed with the Sports Federation of Sudanese football, giving the company the exclusive right to advertise in most stadiums in Khartoum and the U.S.. Recently, the company succeeded in signing two important agreements: Bajafar Brothers became the exclusive agent for marketing and promotion of a logo and Products Club of Mars and the exclusive agent of the Khartoum Declaration of Port Road, thanks to an agreement with Khartoum Port company land.

AIRLINES Blue Bird Aviation Tel: + 249 183 772407 / 155 150460 Fax: + 249 183 785110 info@bluebirdsudan.com

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British Airways Hasabo Bldg., 2nd floor No. 5, Baladia St., Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 795295 / 296 Tel: + 249 774 577 / 578 / 579 BMI El Nazir Building, Gamhoria Avenue, PO Box 862, Khartoum Opening hours: Sun-Thu 09:30-16:30, Sat 10:00-15:00 Tel: + 249 83779369 sylvana@intercontinentalkrt.com Egypt Air Al Qasr Avenue, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 780064 Emirates Intersection of Gomhoria and Khalifa St., 2B West, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 799899 Fax: + 249 183 799969 Working hours: Sat to Thu, 09:00 to 14:00 Fri, Closed www.emirates.com

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Business Resources

Ethiopian Airlines Gamhoria St., El-Nazir Build. No. 3/2G, Khartoum PO Box 944 etair@sudanmail.net.sd Tel: + 249 183 762062/063/088 Fax: + 249 183 788428 Working hours: Sat - Thu 05:30 - 12:00 UTC www.ethiopianairlines.com Etihad Baladya St., Khartoum KRTTKT@etihad.ae Business Hours: 09:00-16:00 (Sun-Thu), 10:00-14:00 (Sat) Tel Office: + 249 183 741 894 Reservations and Ticketing: + 249 183 741 869 / 894 or + 249 183 789750 Fax: + 249 183 741867 Gulf Air El Tayaar Murad St., outlet from Gamhouria St. PO Box 3257, 11111 Khartoum Tel Reservations: + 249 183 783588/774038/77405 7/762382/762385 Airport Flight Information: + 249 183 777163/788194 Sales: 0912399440 Fax: + 249 183 776558 FFP: 0912665133 Cargo Office: 0912392573 Madleen.Abdelsayed@gulfair.com

Nova Airways Kuwait Building, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 775965 Fax: + 249 183 778796 www.novaairways.com info@novaairways.com Qatar Airways Al Gamhoria St., PO Box 1865, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 799490/1/2/3 www.qatarairways.com Royal Jordanian Al Gamhoria St., Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 792846 Saudi Airlines Ali Abd Latif St., Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 780413 www.alsaudia.com Sudan Airways Intersection Al Baladya St., Mek Nimir St., Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 787544 Syria Air Al Baladya St., Tabaldi Building, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 761353 / 761354 / 761355 Fax: + 249 1 83761350 rb.khartoum@syriaair.com

Kenya Airways Khartoum Office: El Fayehaa Commercial Building, Ali Abdel Latif St. PO Box 1982 Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 782579 / 781662 / 781955 / 781080

Yemenia Airways Tel: + 249 183 797979 Fax: + 249 183 797575 Khartoum@yemenia.com Office Hours: Sat-Thu 09:00-15:00

Airport Office: Khartoum Airport, New Extension - Airport St. Ground Handling Agent: Maks Aviation Co Tel: + 249-11-80002 / 79688 Cargo Reservations Tel: + 249-11-80747 www.kenya-airways.com

Turkish Airlines Sudaturk Travel and tourism agency Afra Mall; Afriqiyah St., Khartoum Tel Sales Office: + 249 183 250484/250485/250486 Reservation: + 249 155 180111/180222 Fax: + 249 183 250487 sudaturkaviation@gmail.com

Lufthansa El Tayar Murad street P.O Box 1732, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 771322 / Fax: + 249 183 771361 lufthansa.sudan@dlh.de www.lufthansa.com Opening hours: 08:30 - 14:30 MID Airlines Tel: + 249 183 576700 / Fax: + 249 183 576662

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BANKS Al Nilein Industrial Development Bank United Nations Square, Khartoum / PO Box 1722 Tel: + 249 183 771637 / Fax: + 249 183 771208 nidgb@nidgb.org www.nidgb.com

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Business Resources

Al Salam Bank Address: PO Box 139, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 747 008 Fax: + 249 183 747 007 osman.mokhtar@alsalambank.net www.alsalambank.net Al Shamal Islamic Bank Al Sayed Abdel Rahman St., Khartoum PO Box 10036 Tel: + 249 183 779474 / Fax: + 249 183 773585 www.shamalbank.com Albaraka Sudanese Bank Quasr St., Khartoum PO Box 3583 Tel: + 249 183 783962 Fax: + 249 183 788948 www.albarakasudan.com Animal Resources Bank Africa St., Khartoum PO Box 1499 Tel: + 249-183 472025 / 471532 Fax: + 249 183 471537 Bank of Khartoum Jamhuriya St., Khartoum PO Box 1008 Tel: + 249 156 660000 Fax: + 249 183 798283 info@bok.sd www.bok-sd.com Bank of Sudan Gamhoria St., Almogran, Khartoum PO Box 313 Tel: + 249 183 782246 Fax: + 249 183 787226 www.bankofsudan.org Byblos Bank-Africa Amarat, St. 21, PO Box 8121, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 566444 Fax: + 249 183 566454 nsaliby@byblosbank.com www.byblosbank.com Faisal Islamic Bank AL-Faihaa Trading Building, Ali Abdullatif St., Khartoum PO Box 10143, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 773739 Fax: + 249 183 771714 / 780193 fibsudan@fibsudan.com www.fibsudan.com

42

Sudanese French Bank

Industrial Development Bank Amarat St. 21, PO Box 710, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 472151 Fax: + 249 183 772148 musaad@idb.sd http://idb.sd/index.html Islamic Co-operative Development Bank PO Box 62, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 780505 / 183 775366 Fax: + 249 183 777715 www.iscob.com Omdurman National Bank AL Qaser Avenue, PO Box 11522 Tel: + 249 183 770400 / Fax: + 249 183 778263 info@omd-bank.com www.omd-bank.com National Bank of Abu Dhabi Taka Building, Atbara St., PO Box 12147, Khartoum PO Box 2465 Tel: + 249 183 774896 / 775276 Fax: + 249 183 774857 www.nbad.com Saudi Sudanese Bank El Mak Nimer St., PO Box 1773, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 485661 / 485674 / 485675 / 485676 Fax: + 249 183 483102 ssb@saudisb.sd / international@saudisb.sd www.saudisb.sd Sudanese French Bank Tel: + 249 183 771730 / 776545 / 787868 Fax: + 249 183 790391 / 774832 / 771740 info@sfbank.net / www.sfbank.net

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Business Resources

Tadamon Islamic Bank Baladia St., Khartoum, PO Box 3154 Tel: + 249 183 771845 / 771505 / 771210 / 771407 Fax: + 249 183 773848 / 781711 / 784624 info@tadamonbank-sd.com www.tadamonbank-sd.com United Capital Bank Plot 499, Square 65, Obaid Khatim St., Khartoum Tel: + 249 183247700 / Fax: + 249 183235000 kamal@bankalmal.com / www.bankalmal.com

CATERERS Amzar Trading and Services House Nos. 38, St. Nos. 13 Amarat (New Extension), Khartoum PO Box 2506, Khartoum, Tel: + 249 183 461272 / + 249 912307324 Fax: + 249 183 474990 sales@amzar.net

conference facilities Friendship Hall Nile Avenue, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 771568 / 774961 Burj Al Fateh Hotel Nile Avenue, PO Box 11042, Khartoum Tel: + 249 156 555555 Fax: + 249 156 555556 info@burjalfateh.com www.burjalfateh.com Al Salam Rotana PO Box 12290, Khartoum Tel: + 249 187 007777 Fax: + 249 187 007788 alsalam.hotel@rotana.com Grand Holiday Villa Hotel Nile Avenue, PO Box 316, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 774039 / Fax: + 249 183 773961 reservation@holidayvillakhartoum.com www.holidayvillakhartoum.com Regency Hotel Al Qasr Avenue, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 775970 / 775971 / 775972 Fax: + 249 183 779087 info@khartoumregencyhotel.com www.khartoumregencyhotel.com

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DRY CLEANERS Penguin Dry Cleaning Neat Little India, Khartoum 2 Goldstyle Cleaning Services Tel: + 249 183 797207 / 8 / 9

Express Mail Services Aramex Ahmed Khaire St., Block 5/6, Khartoum 2, PO Box 8077 Khartoum 122217 Tel: + 249 183 480666 / Fax: + 249 183 477989 krtcustomerservice@aramex.com DHL House 10, Block 1/15, Nigomi St., Khartoum, PO Box 8041 Tel: + 240 183 777135 / 777500 Fax: + 249 183 784590 / 773956 www.dhl.com TNT Amarat, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 472203 Fax: + 249 183 473011 www.tnt.com

HAIR AND BEAUTY Marbella For Beauty and Fitness Center Amarat 31, Mohamed Najeeb Road Tel: + 249 (0) 9 15445184 / 915761401 / + 249 155 136823 Massages, salon (hair, manicure, pedicure…), fitness, swimming pool Lmasat Beauty Center Africa Road (above Royal Broast) Tel: + 249 155 166666 Mob: + 249 919002642 Hair dresser, beauty, massages…

HEALTH CLUBS Sudan Lawn Tennis Association Africa Road, PO Box 3792, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 795473 Fax: + 249 183 770246 Mob: + 249 912232068 slta909@hotmail.com khaled.talaatfared@gmail.com

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Business Resources

JJ’s Gym Africa Road, next to Tennis Club Fitness center Sabratha Fitness Center Burj Al Fateh Hotel Nile Avenue, PO Box 11042, Khartoum Tel: + 249 156 555555 Fax: + 249 156 555556 info@burjalfateh.com www.burjalfateh.com Gym & fitness, Turkish hammam, massage rooms, hairdressers, squash courts, tennis courts, indoor pool and Jacuzzi, and sauna rooms Al Salam Rotana PO Box 12290, Khartoum Tel: + 249 187 007777 / Fax: + 249 187 007788 alsalam.hotel@rotana.com Fully equipped gymnasium, Sauna, Steam, Jacuzzi, Massage Service, Swimming Pool Opening hours: Bodylines opens daily from 0700hrs to 2200hrs, Swimming Pool from 0700hrs to 2000hrs

INSURANCE COMPANIES Al Baraka Insurance Co 2nd Floor, Al Baraka Tower, Khartoum PO Box 3877 Tel: + 249 183 770713 / 785023 / 785626 / 744480 / 764949 Mob: + 249 922414399 / 912302402 Fax: + 249 183 774732 barakainsurance@yahoo.com baraka.insur@sudanmail.net Al Salama Insurance Co Hq. Khartoum Atbara St. Altaka Building Tel: + 249 183 772920 / 780485 / 772938 Fax : + 249 183 772862 info@alsalama-ins.com / www.alsalama-ins.com

The International Insurance and “Takaful” Companies Federation Shiekan Tower, El-souk El Arabi, PO Box 10037, Khartoum Tel: + 249183 784813 / 770503 / 784469 / 784816 foiitc@foiitc.com / www.foiitc.com Shiekan Insurance Shiekan Building, El-Souk El-Arabi, PO Box 10037, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 782043 / 781656 Fax: + 249 183 776849 shiekan@shiekanins.com osmanelhadi@shiekanins.com www.shiekanins.com The Sudanese Insurance & Reinsurance Co Ltd SUDINRECO 3rd Floor , Abd AlRahman Makawi Building, AlGamhoria Avenue PO Box 2332, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 773782 / 777797 / 770026 Fax: + 249-183 771820 acc.head@sudinreco.com www.sudinreco.com

LANGUAGE CENTERS British Council 14 Abu Sinn St., PO Box 1253, Khartoum Tel: + 249 187 028000 Fax: + 249 183 774935 info@sd.britishcouncil.org www.britishcouncil.org / africa-sd-contact-us.htm French Cultural Center Ali Dinar St., PO Box 1568, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 798035 / 36 / 37 Fax: + 249 183 775139 info@ccfkhartoum.net / www.ccfkhartoum.info

Blue Nile Insurance Gamhuria St., Abdelmoniem Mohamed Building, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 781536 Fax: + 249 183 770580 info@agoc.sd Middle East Insurance (S) Co Ltd Nile Avenue-Kuwait Sudanese center first tower, El-Mizanein floor, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 779544 / 772202 Fax: + 249 183 779266 info@middleeast-ins.com / www.middleeast-ins.com

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French Cultural Centre

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Business Resources

Goethe Institute Al Mek Nimr St., Block No. 8 – Plot No. 2, PO Box 1866, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 777833 Fax: + 249 183 779377 www.goethe.de

LEGAL REFERENCES House of Legal Consultancies and Services 6th floor, Tower 4, Kuwaiti Building, Nile Avenue, PO Box 12613 Tel: + 249 183 777751 / 777734 / 790379 Fax: + 249 183 797193 omekki@hlcs-law.com www.hlcs-law.com Dr. Adam and Associates The commercial law group Khartoum-Nile Tower 5th floor., PO Box 8355, Khartoum 12217 Tel: + 249 155 139184 / 139183 Mob: + 249 91282 8540 / Fax: + 249 15513 9182 contact@dradamlawfirm.com enquiries@dradamlawfirm.com www.dradamlawfirm.com

MEDIA External Information Council El Mek Nimir (close to National Water Corporation), Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 775771 / 771214 Fax: + 249 183 775907 Ms. Sumaia Al Hadi Ahmed Director of Foreign Journalists Department Tel: + 249 183 785358 Fax: + 249 183 771787 Mob: + 249 912366630 www.exinfo.gov.sd/en/ Sudan National Broadcasting Corporation (SNBC) (Sudan Radio and TV Corporation) Nile St., PO Box 1094, Omdurman Tel: + 249 187 557398 Fax: + 249 183 553538 www.srtc.info Sudan News Agency (SUNA) Al Gamhouria St., PO Box 1546, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 775771 / 771214/ 774730 Fax: + 249 183 775907 / 774730 suna.agency@gmail.com

SCLO (Sudanese Commercial Law Office) 381 Elmanshyia, First Floor, China Embassy St., Postal Code: 12214, PO Box 65, Khartoum Tel: + 249 9 22530704 Fax: + 249 153 999935 info@sudaneselaw.com

MEDICAL SERVICES

Sudan Global Law Firm Sixth Floor, Shaikh El-Din Building, Hurriah St., Khartoum Tel: + 249 9 11600041 / + 249 155 144025 info@glf.sd

Fedail Medical Center Hospital St. (Al Isbitaliya St.), Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 766661 / Fax: + 249 183 766669

Marwan Alabbadi Law firm Atbara st., Alikhowa building F7-8, Khartoum Tel: + 249 123 83592 Fax: + 249 152 53886 molana75@hotmail.com Eihab Babiker & Associates Advocates Mac Nimer St., Khartoum 2, Khartoum Tel: + 249 9 12214760 Fax: + 249 185 335016 eab@sudan-laws.com

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Al Faisal Specialised Hospital Alhwadith St., Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 789555 / Fax: + 249 183 789554 alfaisal62@hotmail.com

Modern Medical Clinic Africa Road, across from the Kuwait Embassy, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 471682 / 3 / 4 Academy Diagnostic Center Riyadh, near the Tutti Fruitti Ice Cream Shop Tel: + 249 183 229956/229959/228614 Provides X-ray, Ultrasound, CT Soba Hospital Madani St. (south), Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 383591 / 383590 / 383588 Fax: + 249 183 383587 info@sobahospital.net

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Business Resources

Police Hospital (Sahiroon Specialized Hospital) Burri, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 265315 / 265316 International Hospital Tel: + 249 185 338078 Fax: + 249 185 338096 hospitalinter@hotmail.com Specialised Hospital (blood tests, malaria tests,...)

El Mek Nimir St. Tel: + 249 183 460461 Dr Sirag Ahmed Abashar Sidra Medical Centre, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 770055 Mob: + 249 9123 00370 Dr Asma El Sony Allan Woodruf Health Centre Amarat St. 43, Khartoum Tel Clinic: + 249 183 465459 Tel Office: + 249 183 774412

Margret Giese OBS and Gynae Specialist El Meihra Hospita, Riyad (Turn left off Mashtal St. before the Saudi Supermarket then 2nd right) Tel: + 249 912276868

OFFICE SUPPORT Marino’s No Limit St. 47, Khartoum 2 market Tel: + 249 91235 1450 Marino’snolimit@hotmail.com Advanced Systems Co Ltd 21st. October St., off Maknimir St., Subahy Building 2nd Floor, PO Box 1442, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 779480 / 782805 Fax: + 249 183 779480 www.advancedsystems-sd.net Exclusive dealer of Konica Minolta products in Sudan

Dr Siham El Rasoul 21 October St., Oppostie The Unity High School, Khartoum Tel: + 249 912307975 Dr Imam Salib Tobia Katerina St., Khartoum 2, PO Box 1415, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 462151 / 462257 Mob: + 249 912308072

Majestic Studio Almufti street, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 491723 to2majestic@hotmail.com

Dr Ahmed Bakri Osman Dentist Amarat St. 15 House No 2, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 473244 Fax: + 249 183 473255

MAM for Development and Investment Co Ltd Atbara St., Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 784040 / 784020 / 772462 Fax: + 249 183 778391 info@mam-groups.com www.mam-groups.com

Dr Mahir Saad Mehanni Dentist Riyadh, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 722086 Professor Zein Karrar Paediatricians Khartoum Teaching Hospital & Fedail Medical Centre Tel: + 249 183 766661 Dr Abdel Mutalab M A Iman (Talab) OBS and Gynae Specialist Soba Hospital and Fedail Hospital Tel: + 249 191290666

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Khartoum Modern Bookshop Zubeir Pasha St., Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 774 425

Merawi Bookshop Parliamant St., Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 773435 Sudan Bookshop Al Tayar Murad St., Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 772089 Fax: + 249 183 771423 Sudanese House for Books Al Baladia St., Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 780031 Fax: + 249 183 770358

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Business Resources

El Nil Photo Studio Gamhouria St., PO Box 280, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 770363 / 781425 Fax: + 249 183 772673 Camera Artist Studio Amarat St. 15, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 461300 Master Bookshop Centre St. 47, Khartoum 2 Tel: + 249 183 579999 essantanous@hotmail.com Master Design Al Amarat, St. 41, Bldg. 53, 2nd floor, Appart. 5 Tel: + 249 183 567530 / 567531 Fax: + 249 183 567532 masterdesign7@yahoo.com

Alsunut Development Company Ltd No 1 Block 5 East, Khartoum 2, PO Box 1840, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 595 302 / 595 062 hani.hassan@dalgroup.com / www.alsunut.sd

REMOVALS AGS Frasers International Removal Warehouse Block 35 Land 115 Souk Al Mahali High Way, Khartoum Tel: + 249 155 15 39 30 / Fax: + 249 155 153931 Mob: + 249 (0)9 12172130 / 923888893 manager-sudan@agsmovers.com www.agsmovers.com Al Mogran

Office Superstore Al Tayar Murad St. Tel: + 249 183-797276 / Fax: + 249 183-770273 Sudanese Office Machines Ltd Insurance Building, Zolfo St. Tel: + 249 183 778391 / Fax: + 249 183 779782

PHARMACIES McNimir Pharmacies Tel: + 249 183 238030 (Riyadh) Tel: + 249-187-568718 (Omdurman) Tel: + 249 183 780597 (El Mek Nimir St.) Open Saturday-Thursday: 0830 am to 0100 am Friday from 0900 am to midnight Minapharma Agencies Tel: + 249 183 773006 / 775523 minapharma@hotmail.com MOH Khartoum State Pharmacy Tel: + 249 185 322114 / Fax: + 249 185 322115 Omer2001@yahoo.co.uk

RENT A CAR Bashir Motors Khartoum North: Sara Senada Showroom supervisor Matahin Sayga St., New Industrial Area, Khartoum North Tel: + 249 185 321300 Khartoum Center: Nada GreaisShowroom supervisor Adbra St. Tel: + 249 183 778575 Fax: + 249 185 315640

REAL ESTATE Al Waleed PO Box 10592 Tel: + 249 1539 939 97 / + 249 1220 464 44 info@alwaleedproperties.com www.alwaleedproperties.com Bashir Motors

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Business Resources

Sixt Rent a Car Africa road, Khartoum Tel: + 249 1 8374 1983 Fax: + 249 1 8374 1982 www.sixt.com/car-rental/sudan/khartoum Europcar Al Baladya St., Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 746661 Fax: + 249 183 746662 khalil@europcar.sd www.europcar.sd 5M Limousine Catarina St., Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 462962 / 460438 Fax: + 249 183 462130 Al Ragi Limousine West Catarina St. West Ittihad (unity) Basic school for Girls, South Graduates Medical Co, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 476652 / 476651 Kanz Limousine Africa Road, St. 5 Tel: + 249 183 491717 Fax: + 249 183 491718

SHIPPING AGENCY Elie Shipping and Forwarding Elie Building, Alremaila, • PO Box 2304, Mogran, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 797674 Fax: + 249 183 773061 asim.nugod@elieshipping.com omer@elieshipping.com info@elieshipping.com • Branch Office: PO Box 614, Port Sudan Tel: + 249 311 25884 / 21135 Fax: + 249 311 24535 Mob: + 249 912310701 hamid@elieshipping.com www.elieshipping.com Al-Barrak Shipping Agencies Co • Port Sudan: near the general Hospital, PO Box 1305, Port Sudan Tel: + 249 0311 821713 / Fax: + 249 0311 821729 allabsa@phd.albarrak.com • Khartoum: Katerina St., PO BOX 13107, Khartoum Tel: + 249 0183 580231 / Fax: + 249 0183 580232 mgmt@krt.albarrak.com / www.albarrak.com

El Safwa Limousine Airport/Africa Road, Between Amarat St. 17 and 19 Tel: + 249 183 586720 Mob: + 249 912 291 402

Khartoum Commercial and Shipping Co Ltd Atbara St., PO Box 221, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 770485 / 770970 / + 249 912254737 Fax: + 249 183 770970 / k.c.s.c@sudanmail.net

Sadh Limousine Al Amarat, St. 35 Tel: + 249 183 564739 Fax: + 249 183 564737

SL-MISC International Line Co Ltd Sudan Line Building - Al-Zebir Basha St., Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 741738 Fax: + 249 183 741739

Zawaya Leda Ltd Tel: + 249 183 763986 / 764160 Fax: + 249 183 764161 abusuad77@hotmail.com

Baasher Barwil Agencies Ltd • Al Mak Nimir St., Block 3/4, Square 6, Khartoum East Tel: + 249 183 782073 / 789069 Fax:+ 249 183 773527 / 783880 • PO Box 45, Port Sudan Tel: + 249 3118 24232 Fax: + 249 3118 22405

SECURITY SERVICES Al Hadaf Al Amarat St. 21 Tel: + 249 183 494808 Mob: 01239 1245 Fax: + 249 183 464343 / 464076 alhadaf@el-hadaf.com www.el-hadaf.com

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Kanoo Arwa Shipping Agencies Co Ltd PO Box 663, Port Sudan Tel: + 249 311 831123 / 833647 / 48 / 49 / 50 Fax: + 249 311 822 745 / 822 866 kanoo@kanooarwa.com sudan@kanooshipping.com General Manager: Capt. Salah Awwad Mob: 249 91 231 0334 captainsalah@kanooarwa.com

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Business Resources

Al Taief, Block 24, Building 239 - Swahli St., East NEC, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 236439 Fax: + 249 183 236438 khrmgr@kanooarwa.com Branch Manager: Capt. Yousif Ahmed Yousif Mob : + 249 912 677 558

Dahla Aviation And Shipping Services SDC Building 8th Floor, Amarat St. 17, PO Box 6262, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 472310 / 1 Mob: + 249 9123 03938 / 9123 59851 Fax: + 249 183 472309 dahla@dahla-sd.com

Rapid Response Services PO Box 10738, Khartoum Tel: + 249 155 161591 Fax: + 249 183 578621 info@rrsalliance.com www.rrsalliance.com

Branch Offices • Juba Tel: + 249 811 822690 Fax: + 249 811 822689 dahla.juba@ymail.com • Port Sudan Tel: + 249 311 821130

Sea Pride Enterprise (SPE) St. 59, Amarat, New Extension, Khartoum 10738 Tel: + 249 912392046 Fax: + 249 183 578623 tfi@spesudan.com www.spesudan.com Lines Shipping Agencies Co Head Office- PortSudan Tel: + 249 311 822655 / 820378 Fax: + 249 311 825778 tahir-lsaco@sudanlines.net Branch office: Sudan Shipping Lines BuildingKhartoum Tel: + 249 183 774877 Fax: + 249 183 772151 com-lsaco@sudanlines.net Marfa Transport and Trade Co Ltd Riyadh, block 18 (near MacNimer Pharmacy), PO Box 13576, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 239382 / 242696 / 242697 Fax: + 249 183 239383 / 239386 khtmng@marfashipping.com marketing@marfashipping.com www.marfashipping.com Coastal Shipping Agencies Co Ltd Stadium St., Alneel Building Ground Floor, PO Box 311, Port Sudan Tel: + 249 311 832984 / 825870 Mob: + 249 912 936 589 Fax: + 249 311 823241 coastal@sudancoast.com www.sudancoast.com Branch Office, Khartoum, 311 Mob: + 249 912 328 907

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SHOPPING CENTERS Afra Mall Africa road, Arkawet, Khartoum department stores, superstore, movie theatres, food court, internet cafe, pool tables, bowling hall Almarat Center Al Reyad, St. 117, Khartoum Tel: + 249 155 123 666 Latif Al Reyad, Mashtal St., Khartoum Tel: + 249 9 123 301913 Regency Mart Al Reyad, Mashtal St., Khartoum Tel: + 249 154 955513 Marwa Center Manshia, Alsiteen St., Khartoum Tel: + 249 155 290 998 Al Hawi Amarat St. 15, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 465 439 Amarat Center Amarat St. 1, Khartoum Tel: + 249 9 12 717842

TAXIS LimoTrip Tel: + 249 183 591313 Fax: + 249 183 497907 info@limotrip.net www.limotrip.net

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Business Resources TELECOMMUNICATIONS

TRANSLATION SERVICES

Canar Telecommunication Customer service department Amarat, PO BOX 8182, Khartoum For Canar Customers: TOLLFREE Number 15 15 For Non- Canar Customers: 015 1515151 For Calls from International Numbers: 00249 15 1515151 support@canar.sd

Babel Translation, Language and Research Services Centre PO Box 500, Khartoum 11111 Tel: + 249 922 782 612 babelbatrace@yahoo.co.uk Translation & Interpretation Services Kamal El Taib El Nazir, Tabldi Building, Al Baladia St., Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 765365 / 912 219 408 transwebsudan@yahoo.com

TRAVEL AGENCIES Intercontinental Travel 9 El Nazir Building, Gamhoria Street, PO Box 862, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 779369 / 779254 / 774583 Fax: + 249 183 779251 simonaziz@intercontinentalkrt.com www.intercontinentalkrt.com

Canar Building

MTN Al Manshia, Al Gereif West, Omak Street Extension, Khartoum Customer center Tel: 111 from MTN number or + 249 921111111 from any other phone number SUDANI Telecommunication Services Higleeg Commercial Tower Building 499, Block 65, Ebaid Khatim St., Alryad, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 221111 / Fax: + 249 183 231111 Call centre: call the free number 120 from any Sudani number, or + 249 120120120 from other networks.

Zain Tel: 123 with Zain network or + 249 91230000 from any other telephone info@sd.zain.com Corporate Sales Contact Info.

Al Baladia St., Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 746060 / 741618 / 741619 Fax:+ 249 183 741616 / corporate@sd.zain.com

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The Italian Tourism Co Ltd Street 27, Al Amarat, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 487961 Fax: + 249 183 487962 info@italtoursudan.com / www.italtoursudan.com Olympia Travel Agency Al Qasr Street, Abulela New Building, PO Box 2068, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 780092 Fax: + 249 183 781241 olympiatravel@olympiasd.com www.olympiasd.com Sudan Line Travel & Tourism Agency Qasr Commercial Building, Al Qasr Avenue, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 795450 / 795451 Fax: + 249 183 783651 www.sudanlines.sd/ssltta.php Traveller Alamarat Street 19 Africa Road, PO Box 1912, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 798620 / 798622 Fax: + 249 183 798623 / 798624 wisam@travellerair.com www.travellerair.com

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Business Resources UNIVERSITIES

WEB AND IT SPECIALISTS

University of Khartoum Central campus: Nile Avenue Medical Sciences Campus: south of Al Qasr Avenue Natural Resources Sciences Campus: Shambat Education Campus: Northern Omdurman Vice-Chancellor Office Tel: + 249-1-83772601 Fax: + 249-1-83780295 vc@uofk.edu infoad@uofk.edu www.uofk.edu

Nile Technical Agencies Co Ltd 5th floor, Khartoum West Block 9 A, Yasir Abdelmoneim Building, North Sudatel Tower PO Box 1292, Khartoum 11111 Tel: + 249 183 787833 / 787835 /787836 Fax: + 249 183 787837 / 787838 info@niletechna.net Sanna Net Intersection of Al Baladia Street and Atbara St., Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 799735 / 799736 / 799737 Fax: + 249 183 799738 moaz@sananet.net www.sananet.net Skytel Co Ltd Al Baraka Tower, Al Qasr Avenue, Khartoum 2298 Tel: + 249 183 799422 / 762377 Fax: + 249 183 781508

Khartoum University

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64

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THE SUDANESE ECONOMY

La tandem a’la ma fat Do not regret what is gone Sudanese proverb

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The Sudanese Economy

Until the second half of 2008, Sudan’s economy boomed on the back of increases in oil production, high oil prices, and large inflows of foreign direct investment. GDP growth registered more than 10% per year in 2006 and 2007. From 1997 to date, Sudan has been working with the IMF to implement macroeconomic reforms, including a managed float of the exchange rate. Sudan began exporting crude oil in the last quarter of 1999. Agricultural production remains important, because it employs 80% of the work force and contributes to a third of GDP. The Darfur conflict, the aftermath of two decades of civil war in the south, the lack of basic infrastructure in large areas, and a reliance by much of the population on subsistence agriculture ensure that much of the population will remain at or below the poverty line for years despite rapid rises in average per capita income. Average wages in 2007 hovered around $6–7 per day. In January 2007, the government introduced a new currency, the Sudanese Pound, at an initial exchange rate of $1.00 equals 2 Sudanese Pounds.

Sudan is the third largest oil producer in Africa after Nigeria and Angola. Oil remains the main driver of growth although agriculture still accounts for more than one third of GDP and nearly two-thirds of employment. Oil accounted for 22% of GDP in 2008 and oil revenue has contributed greatly to the reconstruction of the economy in the aftermath of the civil war, especially in enabling the government to

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develop the road and energy infrastructure. Apart from this spending, there is no other programme of large scale distribution of oil revenues across the states nor focus on the poor. Sudan has been adversely affected by the global economic slowdown and the decline in international oil prices since the last quarter of 2008. Oil revenue dropped by about 21% in 2009 from USD 11.1 billion in 2008 but it is expected to increase to USD 12.4 billion in 2010 as prices recover.

Sudan’s primary resources other than oil are agricultural, and although the country is trying to diversify its cash crops, cotton and Arabic gum remain its major agricultural exports. Grain sorghum

Tutti Bridge

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The Sudanese Economy

Toti Bridge

is the principal food crop, and wheat is grown for domestic consumption. Sesame seeds and peanuts are cultivated for domestic consumption and increasingly for export. Livestock production has vast potential, and many animals, particularly camels and sheep, are exported to Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and other Arab countries. However, Sudan remains a net importer of food. Problems of irrigation and transportation remain the greatest constraints to a more dynamic agricultural economy.

Sudan’s laws treat domestic and foreign investments equally. Sudanese residents are free to operate foreign exchange accounts and non-residents are allowed to hold the same with government approval.

In addition, government approval is required in certain specific sectors and some restrictions apply to capital market transactions, credit operations, money market instruments and outward direct investment.

Historically, the United States, the Netherlands, Italy, Germany, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and other Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) nations have supplied most of Sudan’s economic assistance. Sudan’s role as an economic link between Arab and African countries is reflected by the presence in Khartoum of the Arab Bank for African development. The World Bank had been the largest source of development loans.

Agriculture in Sudan

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INVESTMENT & LEGAL FRAMEWORK

Al-a’ilm fi al-s’ighar kalnaqashi fi al-h’ajar Learning at young age is like sculpturing a stone Sudanese proverb

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Investment & Legal Framework THE LEGAL SYSTEM The Legal System in the Sudan in general follows the Common Law system as most of the countries in the region with the exception of Egypt, which follows the Continental System also known as the Latin System.

The legislative institution in the country is the National Assembly, which is an elected house of the representatives of the people.

The Judicial institutions in the country are the Constitutional Court and the Judiciary; The Constitutional Court is a Supreme Court, independent from the judiciary with a jurisdiction over the constitutional matters and inter-state conflicts.

The Judiciary is an independent justice organ that regulates and administrates the courts of justice and the appointments of Judges, their promotions and other administrative matters. The Judiciary is headed by the Chief Justice who is also the chief of the High Court.

The Ministry of Justice is the legal advisory body of the government and the representative of the Commonwealth, it is headed by the Minister of Justice who is also the Attorney General, under him there are two departments; the Advocate General and the Prosecutor General.

The Advocacy is widely practiced in the country, it is regulated in accordance with the Constitution of the country and the Advocates Act. It is administered and regulated by the Bar Association.

INVESTMENT The government has seriously endeavoured to utilize to the utmost all available potentialities in Sudan by creating favorable investment conditions that attract the adequate capitals for his purpose.

The state has taken the following steps: a. Procedural reforms were stipulated. For instance: abrogation of state monopoly of agricultural and industrial products, the economic services sector and marketing. The state has also withdrawn from some public-sector corporations and institutions.

Radical reforms of investment acts and laws regulating all economic activities have lead to the complete lifting of any clauses that hinder the private sector’s contribution in investment, thus increase productivity.

A similar economic, trade and financial policies that run in the same course, and back the new orientation of the

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Sudanese economy towards a free market economy were also adopted. Examples of these policies are: • Lifting of major consumer goods subsidies.

• Freeing of the Sudanese Dinar against the dollar.

Thus, allowing the foreign exchange values of the dinar to vary freely according to the values of other international currencies.

• Freeing of prices for all agricultural and industrial commodities as an impetus for production and producers.

• With exception to the following commodities, all kinds of commodities may be improted. The banned commodities are: clothes, textiles, ready made clothes, sauces, slaughtered and live animals, chichen and eggs, natural leather, sugar, alcoholic beverages and drugs, fire arms and ammunition (except with a permit). However , there are plans to shorten the above list by lifting the import ban from some of these commodities. b. The Government has adopted a national ten-year work plan (1992-2002) , during which all the possible potentialities and energies of the nation shall be mobilized in order to realize the strategy’s desired aims and goals in accordance with the findings of a studied futuristic perspective, hence the adopted programmes turned out to be genuine strategic break through not merely late reactionary decisions.

This plan is in fact a means of striking a deep root for the cultural and intellectual resurrection and remobilization of the society and an overall planning that includes all sectors of the Sudanese society. It has also been a comprehensive plan for the most ideal utilization of all sorts of human and natural wealth in Sudan.

The comprehensive National Strategy was designed to have sectorial sub-strategies for the ten years of the plan. The sectors concerned are the following: • The Social Development Sector.

• The Human Resources Development Sector.

• Culture and Information Sector.

• Sciences and Culture.

• Politics and the Jurisdicitional System.

• Security and Defence.

• Economy.

• Agriculture, Animal Wealth and Natural Resources.

• Cartography maps and underground wealth data.

• Industry, Energy and Mining.

• Transport, Communication, Telecommunication and Warehousing.

• Foreign Relations. c. The government is earnestly endeavouring to find a radical solution for the southern question in order to maintain peace in the southern states.

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Investment & Legal Framework

d. The 1999 investment Act as amended in 2007 is the legal base for investment that gives it ease in procedure and flexibility in the handling of investment affairs, thus encouraging investment in projects that lead to the domestic income and expanding the national economic base and realizing the goals of economic and social development, particularly in the rural areas. Such projects should also care for the ecological balance and emphasize the utilization of local raw materials such as inputs for their products, especially the ones that uses new and renewable energy sources and lead to greater co-operation and integration amongst Islamic, Arab, African and friendly countries.

1. Foreign capital proprietors may transfer their profits and initial financing costs or debts provided that all the legally-binding commitments pertaining to the project are met and settled. The back-transfer shall be in the original currency or currencies the capital was transacted in.

The 1999 Investment Act as amended in 2007, has also encouraged investment in the agricultural, the industrial, the mining, transport, tourism, warehousing, housing, contracting and basic services sectors for national, Arab and foreign private sectors besides the co-operative, joint-venture and public sectors without any bias or favoritism. The Investment Act also grants the investors additional privileges and facilities if their projects are among those that realize the objectives of the development plans.

4. Freedom of movement, residence or transfer of the project’s expatriate employees is guaranteed in accordance with the prevailing laws.

Some of these facilities are the following: 1. Exemption from business profit taxes for a period not exceeding five years, as effective the year that follows commercial production or commencement of activities for strategic projects, and extendable for another similar period.

2. Reduction on tax and export duties for the finished and semifinished products of the project in question.

There shall also be further duties and tax-cuts during the tax-exemption period.

3. Total or partial exemption from customs and excise or any other duties pertaining to imports related to the project’s requirements.

4. Projects that involve food security, investments in the less developed areas, projects that involve housing, medicinal or clothing securities, projects that aim at promotion of export capabilities; generate more work vacancies and help in redistribution of wealth, projects that endeavour to provide local alternatives for the basic imports or that depend on local raw materials for their inputs, projects that re-invest their profits and projects that invest in the mining sector; all such projects shall be granted preferential privileges.

The 1999 Investment Act also grants your project the following benefits:

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2. Import of raw materials for the sake of the project during the tax exemption period without being restricted by the procedures of importers -exporters registrars.

3. Transfer of expatriates’ savings, or those working for the project in accordance with the acts imposed in such cases.

Some of the most significant guarantees that the 1999 Investment Act grants the investor: That the investor’s project shall not be liable to nationalization or confiscation.

1. That the project’s funds shall not be detained, seized, freezed, confiscated, provisionally seized or sequestrated unless there is a warrant issued by a court for taking such a step.

2. That any estates owned by the project shall not be expropriated whether in whole or partially except for the common cause in accordance with the law. In such case, the investor shall be justly compensated on basis of the market price of the estate at time of expropriation.

3. Remittance of invested capital in its currency or currencies of origin in case the project has not started, or in case the project got liquidated or disposed of wholly or partially, provided that all legally-binding commitments were met.

4. As Sudan is one of the signatories to several international and regional organizations concerned with investment disputes, this factor can also be added to the assurities and guarantees provided.

For instance Sudan is a signatory to: The 1980 Unified agreement on Investment of Arab capitals, the 1974 agreement on Settlement of Investment Disputes Arising Between Host Arab States and Nationals of Other Arab countries, the 1965 Agreement on Settlement of Investment Disputes Between Host States and Nationals of other countries, the 1977 General Agreement on Economic, Technical and Trade Among Member States of Organization of Islamic Conference, or any

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Investment & Legal Framework

other agreement in this regard, in which Sudan is a signatory partner in case a direct legal dispute arises from interpretation of the stipulations of any of the above mentioned agreements.

application pertaining to claims for licensing, privileges or facilities for an investment project against payment of prescribed fees. The form shall be issued by the investor’s services section in the Ministry.

However, Sudan is a member of the Arab Corporation for Investment Guarantee, and is also a member of the International Agency for Investment Guarantee.

3. The Ministry shall review the application form and consult the competent technical organs if necessary.

The Investment Authority and the Ministry of Investment Investment Affairs in Sudan used to be handled by the Ministry of Investment and Industry. The Investment Authority, which later became the independent Ministry of Investment, was established by a decision of the Council of Ministers as the organ responsible for setting up advertising and publicity campaign for investment in Sudan. It is also put in charge of creating an ideal investment climate that attracts national, Arab and foreign capitals in Sudan and eliminate all obstacles that might hinder them.

Besides all that, it is the organ that draws encouraging investment policies, simplifying procedures for investors, issue licences of investment projects and the relevant facilities and guarantees in addition to follow up of the actual execution of the proposed projects, prepare investment maps and save the investors the trouble of data collecting by providing them with all the necessary information and data.

The Ministry of Investment also follows up all the procedures of the investment license at the various government circles on behalf of the investor.

The Ministry of Investment has close relations and jointly co-operates with local, regional and international corporations and organizations concerned with investment such as: • The Arab Organization for Investment Guarantee, • The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), The International Investment Guarantee Agency and other Arab, Islamic, African and international organizations in which Sudan is a member.

Licensing and Facilitation Procedures for an Investment 1. The investor shall submit a technical and economic feasibility study of the project.

2. The investor shall submit a special form of

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4. Upon receipt of the provisional approval from the Ministry of Investment, regarding the particular project, the investor shall then register a business name or company whose activities shall be limited to its specific field of licensing only.

5. Upon approval of the business name or company, the investor shall submit all the relevant documents to Ministry of Investment in order to be issued the licence which covers the facilities granted and location of the plot where the premises of the project in question shall be sited.

6. Upon completion of all licensing procedures and issuance of the licence, the investor may then import the project’s requirements from abroad in accordance with “an itemized requisition list” which the ministry must consent to in advance.

7. The Ministry of Investment shall then contact the customs duties, upon clearance of the project’s imported items through the customs’ coordinator in the Ministry.

The Ministry of Investment shall also contact the taxation authorities to the project a preferential tax rate in accordance with the granted privileges

INTERNATIONAL LAWS & AGREEMENTS Sudan’s External Relations are conducted within the dynamic framework of commitment to documented multilateral charters and conventions as well as bilateral agreements. Sudan has duly affected its membership to the prescribed universal and regional / sub-regional organizations immediately after independence in 1.1.1956 as well as immediately after those organizations got established later.

Sudan joined the United Nations and signed the charter and the statute of the International Court of Justice on 12th November 1956 i.e. at the First General Assembly Session after its Independence.

Sudan joined the Arab League on 19th January 1956. With its brotherly African States, Sudan has co-founded the Organization of African Unity (OAU)

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Investment & Legal Framework

on 25th May 1963. Sudan is also a founding member of the Organization of the Islamic Countries on 25th September 1969. Sudan is also a pioneer member of the Non-Aligned Movement 1955 (on the eve of Sudan Independence).

In 1986, Sudan initiated and organized with its East Africa sisterly countries “The Intergovernmental Authority on Drought and Desertification (IGADD)”, which was later revitalized and transformed into “the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) in 1996, comprising seven states namely: Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan and Uganda.

Sudan has joined its Eastern, Central and Southern Africa sisterly states to establish “The Common Market for Eastern and Southern African – COMESA” in 1993 replacing the PTA organization. COMESA presently comprises twenty African member States.

On February 1998, Sudan co-founded, with five other sisterly African nations, “The Community of Sahel- Saharan States- (CEN-SAD)’’. This community was established in Tripoli, Libya by the Leader and Heads of state of: The Great Socialist People’s Libyan Jamahiriya, The Republic of the Sudan, The Republic of Chad, The Republic of Mali, The Republic of Niger, Burkina Faso Later: the Republic of Central Africa, State of Eritrea, The Republic of Senegal, the Republic of the Gambia, the Republic of Djibouti, joined the Community.

The Community’s summit meeting in Khartoum (February 2001) approved the admission of more five African states which had applied for membership.

They are: the Arab Republic of Egypt, the Federal Republic of Nigeria, the Republic of Tunisia, the Republic of Morocco and the Republic of Somalia.

Thus, the membership of the CEN-SAD was consequently boosted from 11 to 16 African states.

On 15th January 2001, the OAU declared Sudan as the eighth member of OAU to deposit instruments of Ratification of the Constitutive Act of the African Union, which was adopted by the OAU summit Conference in Lome, Togo on July 2000.

Sudan hosted on Dec 1998 (The First OAU Ministerial Meeting on Refugees, Returnees and Displaced Persons in Africa) which was attended by all member states of the OAU. In November.2000 Sudan hosted the 8th summit of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development –

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IGAD. Consequently, the President of the Republic of the Sudan, H.E Omer Hassan Ahmed AL Bashir, has assumed the chairmanship of the IGAD Assembly of heads of State and Government. Sudan, in February 2001, has also assumed the chairmanship of the Presidency Council of the Community of the SahelSaharan States upon convening of the Summit Conference in Khartoum.

It is noteworthy that Sudan’s pioneering role in Africa and Arab countries’ liberation and nationalism building processes is definitively deeply rooted and conspicuous. The assistance given by Sudan to African and Arab brothers as well as to other friendly countries remains a glorious chapter of sacrifice and altruism.

On Africa–Arab cooperation, Sudan’s role has been a distinguished and leading one. In this regard when in 1973 Arab and African nations realized the imperative for the institutionalization of their highly needed genuine cooperation they have chosen Khartoum to be the seat for the first cherished institution, which is (The Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa).

On the other hand, Sudan has been establishing bilateral relations with its brotherly and friendly countries in accordance with Vienna and other Conventions.

Presently, Sudan has sent more than sixty Diplomatic and Consular Missions to different brotherly and friendly countries as well as to International and Regional Organizations.

Likewise, Sudan is currently receiving above fifty Resident Diplomatic and Consular Missions and nearly twenty Non-Resident Diplomatic Missions. It is hosting Headquarters of eight regional and subregional Governmental Organizations / Institutions.

Besides it hosts missions of twelve UN Specialized Agencies and International Organizations.

Sudan, on the other hand, is the head of six international non-Governmental Organizations as well as hosting above seventy Foreign NonGovernmental Organizations mainly from Europe, America and Asia.

WTO Sudan applied for membership in 1995. It submitted its memorandum on the Foreign Trade Regime some 4 years later in 1999, and replies to a first set of questions on the memorandum were received in

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Investment & Legal Framework

November 2000. Another 2 years elapsed before answers to a second set were submitted, in January 2003, followed in April by additional documentation on agriculture, services, TBT/SPS, and TRIPS. As all the awaited inputs have now been received, The Working Party on the accession of Sudan was established on 25th October 1994. Sudan’s memorandum on the Foreign Trade Regime was circulated in January 1999. The second meeting of the Working Party was held in March 2004. Bilateral market access negotiations are underway on the basis of revised offers on goods and services.

IMPORTS AND EXPORTS REGULATIONS Imports The government of Sudan developed import liberaliza­ tion, thus, import policy is becoming less restrictive.

Licenses are required for all imports, form the Ministry of Foreign Trade pursuant to The Registration of Importers and Exporters Act. All Exports must be through a Letter of Credit from a local bank pursuant to the Regulations of the Bank of Sudan, the local bank advices whether the imports needs to be approved by the Sudanese Standards and Metrology Authority or not.

Certain items such as food items, beverages, live animals, and animal products are classified as restricted. To import res­ tricted goods, it is necessary to obtain a letter of Approval from the relevant government offices plus a fulfillment of the standards of the Sudanese Standards and Metrology Authority.

Some goods such as opium, narcotic drugs, alcohol, indecent or obscene materials, false and counterfeit coins and money, and others, are prohibited for importation by national legislation. Apart from those items, there is no import ban or quanti­tative import restriction.

Clearance: In order to clear imports the following documents needs to be submitted: • Bill of landing or Airway Bill • Certificate of origin • Analysis Certificate from an accredited analysis Firm • Certificate of Compliance from the Sudanese Standards and Metrology Authority

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Exports Licenses must be obtained for exports from the Ministry of Foreign Trade pursuant to The Registration of Importers and Exporters Act. All Exports must be through a local bank pursuant to the Regulations of the Bank of Sudan. Some exports are monopolized by local companies, by virtue of a local legislation, such as Gum Arabic and livestock.

The government has taken a number of measures, inclu­ ding the introduction of the exchange rate adjustment and the duty drawback system, and the elimination of both export tax and subsidies.

KEY LABOUR PROVISIONS Employment of expatriates is permitted without any res­triction for key management posts. It is also possible for expatriates to be employed in nonmanagement posi­ tions in areas where Sudanese nationals are not available, provided that permission is secured from the Labour Office in the relevant State.

Working conditions The labour law is the principal legislation governing wor­king conditions. It prescribes minimum standards for wor­ king conditions and covers employment contracts, wages, working hours, health and safety, accident compensation and arbitrary dismissals.

Wages and benefits Wages must be paid regularly and in full at least once a month on a fixed day or days. There is a minimum wage legislation in Sudan and it is subject to revision every year. Minimum wage now stands at SDG 250 (US$ 100) per month, currently acceptable as minimum rate to be paid for unskilled workers.

Sudanese labour costs are lower than the region average. Wages vary among enterprises, fresh graduate salaries range from SDG 500 to SDG 750 per month, depending on the level of education.

Salary ranges for executives and professionals vary widely depending on industry, company, seniority and position.

Termination of Employment Companies may dismiss employees for justifiable reasons. If terminated for any reason, workers who

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Investment & Legal Framework

have been con­tinuously employed for at least three years are entitled to one month’s compensation pay for every year of employ­ment. The labour code is applicable to private employees.

In case of the termination of the contract of service for any reason or in the case of resignation, the worker shall be entitled to a wage for all the days of the annual leave or the proportionate part of the period he spent and had not been granted leave therefore.

Working hours

The employee, with the consent of the employer, may postpone his annual leave for a year, or he may divide it between the year in which it was due and the following year and such leave shall not be postponed (all or any part thereof) for more than one year, and the worker shall be entitled to his annual leave plus the postponed leave in the following year.

The standard working hours are 8 hours a day and 48 hours per week. The annual leave is a right for the worker and shall be due after the completion of one year of continuous service with the employer, provided that it shall be with full pay and its time shall be tabled during the year according to the needs of work and shall include the official holidays and vacations.

The annual leave shall be calculated as follows: a. If the worker completed from one year up to three years of continuous service, he shall be entitled to an annual leave equal to twenty days; b. If the worker completed eight years and less than fifteen years of continuous service he shall be entitled to an annual leave of twenty-five days; c. If the worker completed fifteen years or more of continuous service he shall be entitled to an annual leave equal to thirty days.

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Labour dispute The labour resolution takes place either in court or labour office.

ESTABLISHING COMMERCIAL ENTITIES The laws in Sudan permit companies and other entities to practice all sorts of activities, and whether they are national or foreign, they are granted the same rights. The only exception is that foreign

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entities and/or individuals cannot operate in the import-export arena except on their own products.

Otherwise, foreign and national entities enjoy similar rights including the registration procedures, and the prescribed fees in such cases are also the same.

All companies in Sudan are incorporated and\ or registered under the Companies Act of 1925 and referred to as “Limited Liability Company” Companies in Sudan are either Public or Private Companies.

Public Company A public company incorporates at least seven shareholders or more, and it never commences work prior to issuance of the certificate of the Registrar General for Commerce, which authorizes and initiates operations. However, this certificate is never issued before payment of the minimum sum of the capital. The company’s articles of incorporation and statute (if available) shall be signed by the founders or their representatives, then submitted to the Registrar General for Commerce where a small sum of money is paid licensing fees.

Private Companies A private company should consist of a minimum of two shareholders and the number of its shareholders may never exceed 50 partners (minimum of 2, maximum of 50). Subscription of a private company’s shares and stocks shall be limited to its shareholders then submitted to the Register General for Commerce; hence, a license shall be issued against payment of a small sum of money as licensing fees. No concessions of the shareholders’ shares- which are considered as their quotas - may be made without the shareholders’ prior consent or the step thus taken is backed by the stipulation of the company’s articles of incorporation or statute (if available). The private company does not require any initiation certificate in order to commerce its activities as in the case of the public company, but it may start work right after issuance of its incorporation certificate.

Foreign Companies Foreign companies intending to conduct any kind of business or businesses in Sudan must register branches of their own in Sudan. Should the work assigned to the company be very specific and takes only a short period of time, the license issued thereof shall be a temporary one. For example, a company with a contract to built a road or assemble a factory shall be issued a license limited with the time allowed for the particular job. In such case, the registration form should be supported by the following

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documents prior to submitting the application to the Registrar General for Commerce: - A certified copy of the company’s decree of initiation and articles of incorporation and statue (if available) issued in country of base. Should the documents be issued in a language other than Arabic, a certified translation into Arabic shall also be requested.

- A List with the names of the members of the Board of Directors. The name and address of one authorized representative of the company (or more than one) residing in Sudan to whom notices and other legal documents, which the authorities in Sudan want the company be informed about, shall be addressed.

- A copy of the legal deputation which empowers one of the representatives -usually residing in Sudan- to conduct the company’s business and act on behalf of the company in Sudan.

Public Concession Companies They are companies incorporated in accordance with the articles of the Act of Companies, but have been granted specific concessions by ministerial decree issued by the minister concerned thereof. The concession thus granted is renewable in adherence to the conditions stipulated in the decree. However, only joint-stock companies conducting activities which the country is in need of in its development plan, shall be granted such specific concessions Partnership A partnership incorporates by two or more partners with the intention of conducting any commercial enterprises, and share the generated profit amongst themselves. To officially register a partnership, an authenticated statement signed by all the associates in the particular partnership shall be submitted to the Registrar for Companies. The statement shall specify the following: name of the company and nature of business nature of the business it shall conduct; names and addresses of the associates and the sums of money paid by each etc. Partnerships are regulated under the Registration of Partnerships Act of 1926.

Business Name The name given to or the way any sort of enterprise is conducted whether it is a partnership or not. The business’ name shall be registered in accordance with the Business Names Act of 1931 at the Commercial Registrar General. The latter shall be handed a statement of the prescribed form with the following data: • Name of the business.

• The general nature of the business.

• The head office.

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Investment & Legal Framework

• All other places where business might be conducted.

• National-foreign capitals joint venture Although there is no stipulated act that restricts the participation of the national capitals with foreign ones in incorporating companies or engaging in any other sort of joint-venture business, no shares shall be relinquished or appropriated to Non-Sudanese nationals “aliens” without a prior written approval by the Attorney General.

b. Estates Income:

Income in SDG

Rate

For 3000 SDG

Nill

For more than the Same

10%

2. Agricultural businessmen of both animal and plant sides, which include poultry and dairy farms (individuals) zero on the total income.

3. a. Public companies by shares (with the exception of agricultural companies, banks and investment of funds companies and insurance companies): 15% of the net income; b. Private companies (with the exception of industrial and agricultural companies): 15% of the net income; 4. Banks, investment of funds companies and insurance companies: 15% of the net income.

5. Agricultural companies (of both animal plant sides, including poultry and dairy farms): Nill

The Etisalat Tower near the Nile

TAXATION IN SUDAN Personal Income Taxes: Residents of Sudan or individuals who reside in Sudan for over six months are taxed on their worldwide income. Taxable income is the sum of all wages, benefits, capital gains, dividends, interest or dis­ counts, or income from royalties. Tax rates range from zero to 15% of taxable income and are filed annually.

Tax Treaties: Sudan has a treaty protecting against double taxation with The United Kingdom, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, China and Malaysia.

These treaties are applicable to all forms of income including royalty and licensing pay­ments.

Tax shall be due for payment on business profits and estates leases income at the following rates 1. In respect of: a. Resident and non-resident persons:

Income in SDG

Rate

For the first 9,090 SDG

Nill

For the next 120 SDG

5%

For the next 240 SDG

10%

For more than the same

15%

Withholding taxes are levied on employee salaries and remuneration of directors, board members, teachers, or lecturers at a rate between 5 to 15 percent. Similar taxes on imports are levied at a rate of 5 percent.

Rate

For the first 9,090 SDG

Nill

For the next 120 SDG

5%

For the next 240 SDG

10%

For more than the same

15%

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The personal income tax shall be paid at the following rates: Resident and non-resident persons

The minimum exempted from tax shall not be allowed for non-resident individuals

Income Tax

Income in SDG

Personal Income Tax

VAT The Value Added Tax (VAT) is a 15% tax, which is charged on the ‘increase in value” of goods and services at each stage of production and circulation.

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It is also chargeable on the value of all imported goods. It is charged on registered VAT taxpayers.

VAT has replaced a number of other taxes and its introduction should not result in either increased prices to final consumers or reduced profitability of businesses.

All legal and natural persons who provide goods, works or services and have an annual sales turnover exceeding a certain amount set by the bylaws. All importers are required to register regardless of their annual turnover.

If you supply only exempt goods and services, you must still notify the local VAT office if your turnover exceeds the threshold limits. Totally exempt businesses will not however be registered as taxpayers but may still be subject to later visits by VAT officials to confirm their exempt status.

Customs Duties Import duties are levied on the cost, insurance, and freight (CIF) value of the imported goods and range from 0 to 200 percent in accordance with the tariff schedule. All imports must be inspected by an accredited inspection & Quality Assurance firm.

Import duties are levied on anyone who does not enjoy a Custom Duty exemption in accordance with the Investment Act. To enquire about custom duties on a specific product, Custom Police should be contacted.

MAIN COMPANIES HOUSE OF LEGAL CONSULTANCIES AND SERVICES Mekki Osman Partner Tower 4, Sudanese Kuwaiti Centre. Nile Avenue PO Box 12613, Khartoum 11111 Tel: +249 183 777751, 8377 7734, 8379 0379 Fax: +249 1 8379 7193 info@hlcs-law.com www.hlcs-law.com Activity: Law Firm Date of Creation: 2003 No. Employees: 3 partners and 9 associates

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House of Legal Consultancies & Services Ltd is a major Khartoum based law firm founded in 2003 as a result of a merger between Dr. Abdulwahab M. Elhassan Attiat-Allah Law Office, Omer Abusham Law Office and Mekki Osman & Partners Law Firm.

They provide a full range of corporate and commercial legal services required by companies, financial institutions and non-profit and statutory organizations as well as individuals. Their particular core competencies are in the fields of corporate law, energy law (especially oil & gas), infrastructure, and international litigation and arbitration.

Despite the wide range of the legal services provided, the majority of practice pertains to infrastructure and oil and gas matters. They represent operators as well as non-operator partners, and sometimes investors, suppliers and service companies. HLCS has been involved in substantial sales and acquisitions of both producing and prospective concessions.

The firm looks at assets as its clients do, cutting across traditional disciplines such as acquisition, acquisition finance, project finance, Islamic finance, securitisation, real estate, tax, environmental and construction, to provide a one-stop shop for all aspects of legal advice needed in connection with any investment in the corporate & commercial, finance, energy and infrastructure sectors.

Moreover, Intellectual property (IP) is well established practice within the firm. Their practice is broad-ranging, from all aspects of patent, trademark, and copyright law and litigation, to advice on entertainment law, domain names, security interests in intellectual property, licensing, franchising and related aspects of commercial law and other legal areas dealing with technology.

With its distinctive and unique approach, the Intellectual Property team applies cutting edge skills and commercially-minded solutions to a wide range of IP and related issues.

Acting for multinationals, large local companies and individuals, the team crosses borders regionally and internationally, through the Lex Africa & Lex Arab networks, to register and protect clients’ trademarks, patents, designs and copyright.

Also, HLCS is a leading firm in arbitration and other forms of dispute resolution as well as litigation. It has also acted for major corporations with regard to tax matters, including appearing before the Commissioners for Taxation.

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HOUSE OF LEGAL CONSULTANCIES & SERVICES LTD Tower 4, Sudanese Kuwaiti Center. Nile Avenue.

P.O. Box 12613. Khartoum 11111, Sudan t: + 249 183 777 751, 777 734, 790 379.

F: + 249 183 797 139. info@hlcs-law.com

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FINANCE

Uklu akhwan wa ith’asbo tujjar Eat as brothers, but settle your accounts as merchants Sudanese proverb

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Finance

Sudan has recently normalized its relations with development partners and neighbouring countries and has sustained a remarkable GDP growth, which has fluctuated between 5 and 11 percent in the last ten years. The economic basis for this growth, however, remains narrow and dependent on oil revenues, which account for 17 percent of GDP. The drop in oil prices that accompanied the financial crisis has had a significantly adverse effect on Sudan, with the current account deficit widening to 12 percent of GDP in 2009 and external debt reaching 50 percent of GDP. Nevertheless, GDP growth is expected to remain positive and is forecasted at 4 percent for 2010.

Sudan’s financial system is small compared to its regional peers. Intermediation is low, the equity and foreign exchange markets are shallow, and non-bank financial institutions are small. However, the financial system is expanding rapidly. The banking sector is the backbone of Sudan’s financial system and is the primary source of financing for the domestic economy. As of 2003, the country’s 26 commercial banks, two of which foreign-owned, accounted for 97 percent of total financial system assets. Nonperforming assets are high, at 23 percent of total loans, and loan-loss provisioning low. Intermediation levels are low, with the ratios of deposits to GDP and credit to GDP both at 15 percent.

The banking system in Sudan is regulated and supervised by the Bank of Sudan (BOS). While progress has been made in compliance with the Basel Core Principles of Banking Supervision, compliance with the 8 percent risk-weighted capital adequacy requirement is in fact very limited amongst banks: the ratio of capital to risk-weighted assets stood at 18 percent in 2007.

At present, only a small share of the population has access to bank services, and enterprises often face difficulties in obtaining funding from banks or the capital markets. There is plenty of scope for extensive development of financial institutions as well as their mechanisms, training and regulation, in the coming decade.

AL SALAM BANK Osman Mukhtar General Manager PO Box 139, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 747 008 Fax: + 249 183 747 007 osman.mokhtar@alsalambank.net www.alsalambank.net

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Activity: banking Date of Creation: 2005 in Khartoum Capital: 100 billion USD Ownership: 92% foreign capital, 8% Sudanese private share Al Salam Bank is operating in both retail and trade banking. Its value includes reserves of 140 million USD and over 500 million USD of assets. The main branch is in downtown Khartoum and the second one is in the Al Salam Rotana Hotel. Al Salam Bank will open other branches: in Khartoum North and and Port Sudan in 2010, and then others in Omdurman and in the West of the country.

With an effort to develop its correspondences (from 2 to 14 in a couple of years), Al Salam Bank has gained an international recognition towards investors. It also has the advantage to be listed in the Dubai and Abu Dhabi stock exchanges. It allowed the bank to handle the 2009 crisis very well and to be profitable asset-wise. Al Salam Bank’s management has been awarded with a prize from the Central Bank.

It is easy for foreign businessmen to open an account at Al Salam Bank. They can also be given advice for investment: how and where to invest, whether it is for corporate, governmental, public or private activities. It is also possible for foreigners to open savings accounts at Al Salam Bank, which is not always easy to do in Sudan.

Al Salam Bank is very determined on presenting the most advanced services in Islamic banking to keep at pace with the fast developments and to face the future challenges of the local, national and global markets. Through services and products that can lead the movement of creativity and innovation, they are able to achieve the highest returns for both clients and shareholders. They are able to rise with Sudan in order to achieve the desired development in the near future.

Due to the challenges imposed by globalization today, Al Salam Bank takes the responsibility of making the vision of development in the industry of Islamic Banking Services come true. Through providing innovative solutions and putting all efforts and resources together, they achieve accurate execution in all strategies and plans proposed.

The aim of Al Salam Bank is to rise with the banking sector to the highest standards of dedication and efficiency to create a difference in the nature of all banking transactions. This becomes possible through the creation of innovative Islamic banking

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Finance

solutions and services that can meet the needs of all clients and shareholders.

Future strategies and activities are based on effective plans that will revitalize the economic, industrial and commercial condition to achieve major developments in different fields and promote every aspect of the Sudanese society.

The goals of Al Salam Bank have been identified according to the changing requirements of the new millennium; that includes the usage of the most advanced technological systems available to raise the standards of services in their establishment. The latest and most advanced equipment and programs will enhance the bank’s production and will provide more efficient ways to deliver the services enabling Al Salam Bank to stay at pace with the fast developments in the world and the countries of the region.

Al Salam Bank offers services both in terms of retail and corporate banking and it prides itself with the highest ethical standards of Shariah laws and the state-of-the-art technology to provide a range of first class products and services to its valued clients.

With an objective to provide the finest and the fastest banking services to the customers, Al Salam Bank has developed a range of services which will give its clients access to their financial assets 24 hours/7 days a week wherever they are.

Financial strategies and blending financial acumen with Islamic principles are the strengths of Corporate Banking at Al Salam Bank. They have a wide variety of funded and non-funded products and services which are aimed at business houses, with high observance to the valued standards of Shariah law.

Backed by its expertise in Islamic banking and driven by a team of highly dedicated staff, Al Salam Bank is fully geared to serve corporate customers.

Al Salam Bank is dedicated to economic development and prosperity. As such, it provides products and services in the realm of corporate finance to stimulate trade and industry progress and expansion.

Al Salam Bank’s commitment is to support the economic growth by tailoring corporate finance to the unique requirements of the corporate customers across vastly diversified industries. They have a qualified team of finance and industry experts who are dedicated to working with its varied corporate customers and who ensure that requirements are being financed.

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Personal Message from the General Manager: “Sudan is booming, Sudan is a heaven for safe investment, Sudan is a very beautiful country, Sudan is an introduction to African culture, economy and investments”.

AL BARAKA BANK Abdalla Khairy Hammid General Manager Al Baraka Tower, Al Qasr Avenue, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 783962 Fax: + 249 183 788948 khairy@albaraka.com.sd www.albarakasudan.com Activity: banking Date of Creation: 1984 Authorized Capital: US $200 Millions.

Ownership: Arab and Sudanese Investors Al Baraka bank was inaugurated on March 14th 1984. it is a pioneer in introducing electronic banking services in Sudan and was the first Sudanese bank to introduce Business Re-engineering and electronic signature and magnetic cheque-system and to interlink branches throughout the country.

Al Baraka Bank offer a wide range of banking and investment services. The bank investment portfolio offers funding to all sectors of the economy.

Investment operations are performed according to the known Sharia procedures; Musharaka, Mogawala, Murabaha and so on. The banking services benefit from an excellent correspondent network, through which an active global interaction is assured.

The bank has a large network of around 25 branches all over the country, served with a modern electronic banking network.

The bank is profitable and invests in many Sudanese companies such as the National Petroleum Co, Sudatel, and develops other “Al Baraka” activities in insurance, export promotion, or real estate for example.

BANK OF KHARTOUM Fadi S. Al Faqih General Manager Al Qasr & Gamhouria St. Intersection PO Box 1008, Khartoum Tel: + 249 15 666 1083 /

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Finance

+249 15 66 1000 / Fax: + 249 18 377 9987 infor@bok.sd / sales@bok.sd www.bok-sd.com Activity: Retail, Corporate, Treasury, Investment, Microfinance Banking Date of Operation: 1913 Capital: 120 Million Euros Bank of Khartoum (BOK) has had enjoyed a position as the leading bank in Sudan since 1913. BOK was established by the Anglo-Egyptian regime, the first of its kind in Sudan. In 1925 it was named Barclays Overseas Bank, and was renamed Barclays Bank in 1954.Over the years, ownership was procured by the Local Government, finally in 1975, Bank of Khartoum came into existence. In 1983 & 2002, through expansion, the bank acquired several local & regional banks including The People Cooperative Bank (Bank Misr), Unity Bank (Othman Bank) and The National Export and Import Bank. In 2002, Bank of Khartoum was registered as a private limited company; afterwards, Dubai Islamic Bank acquired 60% of Bank of Khartoum’s government shares in 2005. In February 2008, Emirates & Sudan Bank merged with Bank of Khartoum to form the largest bank in Sudan at that time with SDG 381 Million Capital under the name of Bank of Khartoum.

81% of the shares holding in Bank of Khartoum are from GCC countries and the likes of Dubai Islamic Bank, Abu Dhabi Islamic Bank, Islamic Development Bank, Sharjah Islamic Bank, Etisalat are the main share holders. 5% of the shares are with the government and almost 14% are with local Sudanese investors. Bank of Khartoum operates under Islamic Banking Standards and offers complete banking products and services from Retail, Corporate, Trade Finance, Treasury & Foreign Relations departments.

With 50 branches and more being added to that number yearly, Bank of Khartoum has by far the largest branch network among commercial banks in Sudan distributed around North Sudan; 19 of which are in Khartoum region.

Bank of Khartoum operates under the Islamic Banking Sharia laws and offers a complete range of banking products and services including Retail, Corporate, Treasury Investment & Foreign Relations, Trade Finance, Microfinance etc, just to name a few.

Bank of Khartoum employs over 1,000 specialized staff to meet its obligation to an ever increasing need as well as satisfying sophisticated clientele in Sudan. With 50 branches and growing, BOK not only manages by far the largest branch network among commercial banks in Sudan, but the expansion plans

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do not in any way compromise the quality of services it offers to clients.

Bank of Khartoum Retail Banking is the first structured Retail Banking in Sudan. Three years from its launch, Retail Banking department is the market leader with unmatched products and services.

Bank of Khartoum offers a wide range of products and services like Accounts, Al Nukhba – VIP Banking, ATMs, Auto Finance, Home Finance, Salary Transfer solutions, Point of Sales, Call Center Solution, 24 hours IVR solution and so on. BOK offers a complete range of Sharia compliant accounts like Current, Savings, Savings Plus and Fixed Term Deposit in local and foreign currencies.

Bank of Khartoum offers a wide range of products and services for Corporate Banking Customers that streamline their business processes and enhance the interaction with the bank. Corporate Accounts are managed centrally by a qualified relationship team, which will be responsible for ensuring that all banking needs are expeditiously handled. With the fully online branches, Corporate clients can seamlessly use any branch in Sudan for all their day-to-day operations including Cash Deposits, Withdrawals and cheque payment. A package of modules is designed to provide and enhance payments, collections, and information services to customers through outsourcing customers’ operations. In addition to Trade Products: Letters of Credit (LCs), Letters of Guarantee (LGs) and Documentary Collections.

Bank of Khartoum is considered as one of the most capable banks to grant finance considering the size of equity. They offer several Sharia compliant products tailored to Corporate Institution’s (Large tier, Corporate and SME) needs ranging from Murabaha, Musharaka, Mugawala to Istisna and Mudaraba.

A complete solution of treasury products ranging from simple spot foreign currency rates to complex investment tools.Bank of Khartoum has a large network of correspondence covering Europe, Middle East, and East Asia in which BoK has positioned itself to the Bank of choice for dealing with trade and correspondent banks for the capability and commitment the Bank has shown over the years.

Working Hours: Starting from 8.30 am till 04:00 pm during business days (Sunday - Thursday).

Bank of Khartoum adheres to Central Bank of Sudan regulations regarding Combating Money Laundering

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and Terrorist Financing Instructions No. 9/2007 dated 13 March 2007. For each account opened at Bank of Khartoum, a Customer Identification Process is followed to ensure that all identification documents are in place prior to opening the account and such information is kept up-to-date, in addition to verification of source of funds, ultimate beneficiary details, etc.

“The remarkable change Bank of Khartoum has implemented and delivered has by far positioned the bank in the lead internally and externally giving the appropriate services and products and confidence to this Bank of choice in Sudan.”

Fadi S. Al Faqih General Manager

BOK is also managing two main real estate projects.

The first is a residential real estate project called “Al Manshia Gardens”, located 8 kilometers from Khartoum central. It’s where luxury meets comfort.

This is a one of a kind community-based residential project located in one of Khartoum’s premier residential areas. All the basics like shopping, cafes, restaurants, transportation etc are easily available.

Being close to Khartoum International Airport, it is one of the preferred areas for Ambassadors & Embassies in Khartoum. It’s a lively area with various transportation means available.

Fadi S. Al Faqih, GM of Bank of Khartoum sees Sudan as a land of full potential to grow. As per him, Sudan is witnessing a change where a lot of foreign investment is coming to Sudan. His view on what makes the BOK a true dynamic leader, he said that it’s the management a good mix of well experienced international staff and the Sudanese who lived aroad for years and have the understanding and exposure of international market to implement the same in Sudan’s banking industry.

The second is Wahat Al Khartoum (http://wahat. buzinessware.com/), a Sudanese partnership between the private and public sector, offering hundreds of high standard office space, shopping facilities, banking, health clubs and other amenities for the modern businessman, over an area of 19,400 m2. The Wahat Al Khartoum project is occupied by four towers with 27,000 m2 of super modern facilities equipped with state of the art technology to suit every business need. Each tower comprises of 12 stories, with a 4-storey mall serving the entire project.

BYBLOS BANK Nicolas Said Saliby General Manager Amarat, St. 21 PO Box 8121, Khartoum Tel: +249 183 566444 / Fax: +249 183 566454 nsaliby@byblosbank.com dwww.byblosbank.com Activity: banking Date of Creation: 2003

Downtown Khartoum hosts most of the banks headquarters

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After 3 decades of prosperous business in the Sudan, Byblos Bank established in 2003, Byblos Bank Africa Ltd The latter is a full-fledge bank that operates under the Sudanese law and central Bank. Byblos Bank Africa main lines of business are: Commercial Banking, Private Banking, and Correspondent Banking.

By joining the Sudan, Byblos Bank is paving the way to enter other MENA countries. Byblos Bank Sudan plans to play a pioneer role in the development and the marketing of new banking products and services.

It also aims to develop a long-term relationship with its valued customers by providing quality services and tailor-made financial solutions.

Byblos Bank holds an equity participation of 65%.

Other main shareholders are 20% for the ViennaBased OPEC Fund for International Development and 10% for the ICD Islamic Corporation Development Bank.

EL NILEIN INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP (NIDB) Osman El Toum Mohamed Elhassan General Manager

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United Nations Square PO Box 1722 or 466, Khartoum Tel: +249 183 785 293 / 183 771 637 Fax: +249 183 774 745 / 183 771 208 osmaneltoumeltoum@gmail.com www.nidbg.com Activity: Banking Date of Creation: 1993 Capital: 40 million USD No. Employees: 800 El Nilein Bank was established in the year 1958 as a commercial bank proving all range of banking services including financing, international trade, transfers, domestic and overseas clearing and collection services, current accounts, saving accounts and investment accounts.

In the year 1993, the bank merged with Sudanese Industrial Bank to create the new El Nilein Industrial Development Group, with emphasis on industrial development in addition to the commercial activities.

The merger continued until the year 2002 where the bank was restructured and the owners decided to establish a new bank specializing in industrial development while leaving the El Nilein Bank to

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focus on playing active role in meeting the needs of other business sectors that require banking services especially in terms of finance. These sectors include export, trade, real estate and other commercial sectors.

The bank maintains a network of 31 branches spread across the country, covering the most financially active cities and regions in northern Sudan. These branches are connected through an automated network that enables transaction processing between the various branches in most of the cities where the communication facilities are available.

The bank enjoys presence in the Gulf States with a branch in Abu Dhabi established since 1977, providing services to the vast majority of Sudanese working in the Gulf States in addition to the Emirates investors who have established business in Sudan and for those potential investors.

The bank provides logistics and services for the investors through the direct coordination between Abu Dhabi branch and the head office in Khartoum.

This includes facilitating movements, meeting with targeted authorities, visits to sites, in addition to update on investment environment in Sudan, in the various sectors.

Restructuring reforms during the years 2002 and 2009 included revising the branches network to concentrate in economically viable cities and locations, streamlining and improving the performance of the bank units to achieve better workflow and improve customer focus. Internal controls were also revised to enhance the skills of the working force and to maximize efficiency and productivity of the available resources and of the bank as a whole. Following these reforms, the bank has set up a clear new mission and vision statement targeting the creation of a local bank with international standards without compromising the core values of ethical standards, servicing and meeting customers’ expectations and protecting the interest of the shareholders by servicing the Sudanese economy.

The main objective of the new NIDB is to promote industrial development at large along with extending multi-faceted and fully fledged banking services to all other sectors. El Nilein Industrial Development Bank Group is a pioneering development banking institution sponsoring all kinds of industrial development projects.

El Nilein Bank is mainly a local Sudanese bank, with a Sudanese management team who knows the local

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market perfectly but who also benefits from a wide international experience and knows the international standards. El Nilein Bank can be described as “a local bank, with international standards”. Contrary to banks with foreign management, El Nilein Bank is proud to fill the gap of communication between international investors and their local partners.

“At El Nilein Bank, we are ready to serve international customers. We design the services to meet their expectations and satisfy their needs instead of forcing them to take what we have.”

Osman El Toum Mohamed Elhassan General Manager

FAISAL ISLAMIC BANK Ali Omer Ibrahim Farah General Manager AL-Faihaa Trading Building, Ali Abdullatif St. PO Box 10143, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 773739 Fax: + 249 183 771714 / 780193 fibsudan@fibsudan.com www.fibsudan.com Activity: Banking Date of Creation: 1977 In May 1977, Sudanese and Saudi founders as well as other nationals of some Islamic States, met and adopted the idea of establishing the Faisal Islamic Bank. They prescribed and paid up half of the authorized capital and the bank commenced operations in May 1978. It was the first bank to deal in accordance with Islamic Law. Profit and trade are encouraged and provide the foundation for Islamic banking.

The activities of the bank are to conduct all forms of banking activities, financial, commercial, investment as well as the participation in economic development and social projects. Faisal Islamic Bank also promotes transactions and cooperation in the field of foreign trade, in conformity with Islamic Shari’a law, and advance modern developed banking techniques. By holding on its Islamic principles, the bank has managed to sustain very good results and has acquired a first-class reputation. It is one of the top-five Islamic Banks in the country.

The Faisal Islamic Bank has around 30 branches dispersed in the main cities of Sudan and 800 employees. It is owned at 70% by foreign shareholders.

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Finance

INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT BANK Musaad M.A. Abdelkarim General Manager Amarat St. 21 PO Box 710, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 472151 Fax: + 249 183 772148 musaad@idb.sd http://idb.sd/index.html

the abilities of the industry facilities, in coordination with the competent bodies.

• To strive to attract local & foreign capitals and expertise, to enter into the fields of development of the transformational industry, in the Sudan; • To issue shares, speculation stock of the various types thereof, finance subscription to, or finance the same, as to such extent and manner, as the Board may specify, and as to such safeguards, as may assist it to achieve the objectives thereof.

Activity: banking Capital: Authorized capital: US$ 1,000,000,000, Paid Up Capital: US$ 350,000,000 Ownership: Ministry of Finance and National Economy: 75%, The Central Bank of Sudan: 25%

The Industrial Development Bank has created a global image thanks to its correspondences and international trade activities. Its good reputation comes from meeting its obligations and international standards.

The mission of the Industrial Development Bank is to get up with the transformational industry sector through providing finance, rendering, banking services, participate in finding technical solutions, coping with the technological developments. The bank selected one of the best of the electronic banking systems used globally. It acquired new versions of the “Globus” system produced by the Swiss company Timnus & used by more than 150 international banks. The system was installed and checked in the bank’s headquarters and the operating branches. The “Globus” system fitted in with the electronic clearing system. The bank also installed & operated the electronic voucher system.

“We assure we are committed to the highest standards. Our bank is specialized and has experience in this area. There is strong potential: the industrial sector in Sudan represents 30% of the GDP. And we are one of the biggest banks of the country capital-wise”.

The Industrial Development Bank follows the principles of the Islamic banking. The bank’s total assets amounted to SDG 548.5 million by the end of the year 2009 (compared to SDG 549 million in 2008 with a decrease of 0.1%).

The Objectives of the Industrial Development Bank are: • To advance financing & comprehensive banking services in such a way as may assist in development and promotion of the transformational industry in the Sudan, & increase of the rates of development thereof; and enhance of its subscription in the gross domestic product.

• To assist in the establishment of the facilities of the processing industry in the Sudan , widen the activity thereof and promote the same, in accordance with modern styles; • To carry out all the financial and banking business and transactions, which pertain to the > transformational industry sector.

• To establish industrial areas and complexes, in coordination with the competent bodies; • To render consultancy, feasibility studies and build

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Downtown Khartoum

ISLAMIC CO-OPERATIVE DEVELOPMENT BANK PO Box 62, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 780505 / 183 775366 Fax: + 249 183 777715 www.iscob.com Activity: Banking Date of Creation: 1982 Ownership: Khartoum State (51%), Sehrian El Shamal (17%), Cooperative Sector (16%) No. Employees: 600 Since its establishment in 1982, in accordance with a special Act as a contribution between the

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Government of the Republic of the Sudan and the cooperative movement, the Islamic Co-operative Development Bank has become a pioneer in the field of Islamic banking products and services. Also the bank was registered as a public share company in accordance with the Sudan’s Companies Ordinance on 24/3/2001 with the same objectives represented in support and development of the cooperative movement, encouragement of saving, provision of financing facilities, carrying out all the banking business and contribution in application of the principles and concepts of the Islamic economy.

The activities of the bank focus on two sectors: commercial banking and agricultural financing (development). It helps financing small projects for small-scale producers and craftsmen thanks to adapted credits. Concerning commercial banking, the Islamic Co-operative Development Bank offers a wide range of products and services: various types of deposits, transfers, letters of guarantee and credit, promotion of savings facilities, and so on.

The bank, which follows the principles of Islamic banking, has around 32 branches throughout the country.

KHARTOUM STOCK EXCHANGE Al Baraka Tower, Zabeer Basha St. PO Box 10835, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 782450 / Fax: + 249 183 782225 info@khartoumstock.com / www.kse.com.sd Activity: finance Date of Creation: 1994 The project of implementing a security market in Sudan first appeared in 1962, but the Act for a security market was passed only in 1982. In the 1992, with the liberalization policies of the threeyear salvation program, the Council of Ministers approved the Act of 1982. As it had not satisfied all the requirements to establish such a market, a new Act to create the Khartoum Stock Exchange was passed in June 1994 by the Transitional National Assembly. The KSE then became an independent legal entity. On October 1994 it started working on the primary market (issue market), and in 1995, on the secondary market where shares are traded).

The KSE follows the rules of the Islamic Sharia and its objectives are: • the organization and supervision of the issue of securities

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• encouraging saving by citizens and raising capital for public companies to activate the private sector and enhances its financial abilities in order to boost the growth of the economy • promoting and encouraging investment in securities • creating the necessary investment environment • establishing a code of conduct and fairness among the various investors • guaranteeing equal opportunities for those dealing in securities in order to protect small investors.

In the KSE, there is no discrimination against foreigners, anyone can come, buy and sell in the primary and secondary markets.

NATIONAL BANK OF SUDAN Charbel Moubarak General Manager Al Qasr Avenue PO Box 1183, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 778153 Fax: + 249 183 779545 charbel.moubarak@nbs.com.sd Activity: finance, investment banking Capital: 75 million USD Ownership: private The National Bank of Sudan is a privately owned bank, belonging to Bank Audi at 76%. It is going to be renamed according to this main ownership. Thus, everything is going to change: the National Bank of Sudan will undergo an important transformation and have a different philosophy, culture and the background of a more conventional bank.

Part of the National Bank of Sudan acts under the Islamic banking system. It offers commercial, retail, corporate and private banking as well as wealth management. Some of its clients are big local companies such as El Nefeidi Group or Araak.

The bank has a capital of 75 million USD and a return on equity of 20%. The National Bank of Sudan has 8 branches. Its objective is to be one of the main players in the region. It is a real professional bank that provides advice to do business to international business travelers as clients or partners. It takes into account the remarks or input they may have in order to always better the offer and services.

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Finance

SHIEKAN INSURANCE AND REINSURANCE CO LTD Mr. Osman Elhadi Ibrahem Managing Director Dr. Mohammed Souliman Chairman Shiekan Building, El-Souk El-Arabi PO Box 10037, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 782043 / 781656 Fax: + 249 183 776849 shiekan@shiekanins.com osmanelhadi@shiekanins.com www.shiekanins.com Activity: insurance Date of Creation: 1983 Shiekan Insurance & Reinsurance Co Ltd is a Sudanese company, established in 1983. The company’s shareholders are: The National Economic Corporation, the policyholders and Khartoum Trading & Shipping Co, Ltd The company’s authorized capital is US$ 5.000.000.

Shiekan transacts the cooperative insurance which dictates the distribution of the surplus generated by the insurance operations to the policyholders, an aspect, among others, characterizing this type of insurance as compared to the conventional insurance industry. However, technically speaking the two are similar. In fact, in addition to the insurances of the public sector, Shiekan captures the biggest stake of the Sudanese private insurance business thanks to the private sector’s trust in a big portfolio, well balanced and backed by first class reinsurance treaties.

Shiekan’s business is protected by an outstanding reinsurance program in the international market with first class reinsurers such as Partner Re (Paris) Swiss Re, Hanover Re & other first class companies. Their leading Lloyd`s reinsurance brokers are: Willis, Tyser, HSBC, UIB, besides J.B. Boda of India etc.. Shiekan has gone one step further with putting in place a Loss Prevention Department, the first service of its kind in both local and regional insurance markets. In essence, this service is that Shiekan turns into a partner of its clients in their concern to safeguard their properties.

SAUDI SUDANESE BANK Mr. A.E Elaim Elamin M.Ali General Manager El Mak Nimer St., PO Box 1773, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 485661 / 485674 / 485675 / 485676 Fax: + 249 183 483102 ssb@saudisb.sd / international@saudisb.sd www.saudisb.sd Activity: banking Date of Creation: 1984 Ownership: mixed The Saudi Sudanese Bank, a symbol of Arabian traditions and gateway to business in Sudan.

Established in 1984, as a gesture to demonstrate and strengthen the strong ties between the Saudi and Sudanese nations. It also encourages commerce between the Afro and Arab peoples.

The bank has become a powerhouse of financial capability, professional efficiency and adoption of the most recent technology.

Shiekan provides covers of all traditional classes of general insurance and specialized risks, like Property and engineering, Marine and Aviation, Miscellaneous Accidents, Agriculture, Motor, Medical Group or Export Credit for example.

The bank performs all banking operations (financial, investment, commercial and so on) and strives to introduce new competitive and vital services and products. Its banking activities encompass Local and foreign currency deposits, Cheque collection and clearance, Inward and outward transfers, Issuing Letters of credit and letters of Guarantees, Issuing Shamikh smart payment card, Personal safes. The Saudi Sudanese Bank applies Islamic Investment models – Murabaha, Mudaraba, Musharaka, Salum, and sets up and management of various Financial portfolios. The Saudi Sudanese Bank has about 13 branches throughout Sudan, mainly concentrated in Khartoum.

The company has acquired a high professionalism in tailoring insurance packages to suit any project’s specific requirements.

Buying and selling commodities (for direct investment purposes), Buying and selling foreign currency, Buying and selling stock market shares

In terms of annual premiums written in the Sudanese market (general & life), Shiekan has come to occupy a leading position with about 70 % market share. The company operates countrywide with well established and staffed branches and agencies in most of the 26 federal States of the Sudan, thus rendering to the clients door-to-door insurance services.

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Sudanese French Bank

and bonds, Stocks and shares consultations, Management of third party properties, Conduct and evaluate Feasibility Studies, Financial consultation, Insurance agent, and Center for Public Share Offers are part of its trading activities.

The Saudi Sudanese Bank is principally owned by the Central Bank of Sudan (28.09%), the National Social Insurance Fund of Sudan (15%) and the National Pension Fund of Sudan (14,31%). Other shareholders are Saud and Sudanese organizations.

SUDANESE FRENCH BANK Kamal Abdul Gadir Saeed Acting General Manager Al Qasr St., Khartoum Tel: + 249Â 183 771730 / 776545 / 787868 Fax: + 249Â 183 790391 / 774832 / 771740 info@sfbank.net / www.sfbank.net Activity: banking Date of Creation: 1978 Capital: 300 Million SDG Ownership: public and private

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The Sudanese French Bank was established in 1978 and started its banking activities in 1979 under the name of Sudanese Investment Bank, with a capital of 7,5 million Sudanese pounds. In 1981, the name was changed to be Sudanese International Bank, and then Sudanese French Bank in 1993.

The authorized capital was increased to 7 billion Sudanese dinar.

The aims of SFB are summarized in the recognition of development and investments potentials, encouragement of private and public economic sectors and provision of the required fund and other facilities to attain such purpose.

The objectives and purposes of the SFB are to contribute to modernize and innovate existing establishments and to encourage the flow of local and foreign capital to investment, and contribute to the financing of foreign trade business either directly or through institutions to be established for such purpose The SFB activity concentrates mainly on provision of banking services, financing through a network of branches covering all parts of Sudan, besides a number of correspondents all over the world.

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The services provided by the SFB incude: • To utilize banking technology for providing better services for clients • Acceptance of different deposits • Provision of the fund required by individuals, companies, corporations and consortiums, and to provide capital for standing and new companies • Financing of foreign trade and transactions • Management of investment deposits • Investing and applying financial surplus for the sake of participation in the development of the country.

SUDINRECO The Sudanese Insurance & Reinsurance Co Ltd Mr.Hassan El-Sayed General Manager 3rd Floor, Abd AlRahman Makawi Building, AlGamhoria Avenue PO Box 2332, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 777797 / Fax: + 249 183 771820 manager@sudinreco.com www.sudinreco.com Activity: insurance Date of Creation: 1967 The Sudanese Insurance and Reinsurance Company Ltd (SUDINRECO) is registered under the Sudanese Companies Act. SUDINRECO was established by a group of Sudanese businessmen in 1967. Beside the direct Insurance, SUDINRECO writes Reinsurance business from the international markets.

Its mission is to be the leader of the insurance industry in the region by providing the appropriate Insurance covers, achieving client-satisfaction (Corporate, Commercial, Industrial, Individuals, and so on), offering new innovative Insurance schemes as per the dynamics of the region economy, assuring best of Insurance services by highly motivated skilled professional human resources, maximizing the shareholders returns, living up to its values of truth, trust, teamwork and customer-first.

SUDINRECO has branch offices in Port Sudan, Port Sudan Free zone area, El-Obeid, El-Gadarif, Kassala, Dongola, Wad Madani, Khartoum South, Khartoum East and Khartoum North besides principal agencies all over the country.

SUDINRECO has established a reputation for high professional competence in the various Insurance

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covers: Commercial, Industrial, Engineering, Agricultural & Live Stock, Aviation fields, Fire and Allied Perils, Burglary, Marine, Money, Liabilities, Goods in Transit, Motor Vehicles, Medical, or Travel.

It is insuring many projects held by international contractors such as Held and Franke from Germany, Partisanskiput from Yugoslavia, Fletcher and Stewart from the UK or Satcon Construction from Ethiopia.

THE AGRICULTURAL BANK OF SUDAN Awad Osman Mohamed Ahmed Mobashar General Manager PO Box 1363, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 777432 / 183 770150 / 183 775051 Fax: + 249 183 778296 / 183 779081 Activity: banking Date of Creation: 1957 Ownership: Government No. Employees: about 2000 The ABS is a specialised bank, which finances the country’s main farming activities including irrigated farming, mechanised farming and traditional farming. It provides mainly (80% of the loan portfolio) seasonal loans for up to one year and medium-term financing exceeding one year. The ABS provides farmers with cash loans for farming and harvesting, and in-kind loans (75%) in the form of production inputs and requirements (fertiliser, burlap sacks, improved seeds, insecticides and farm machinery).

ABS’s branches open current accounts, savings accounts, investment accounts, cash checks, process transfers and accept letters of guarantee and letters of credit.

ABS purchases and sells production inputs and handles the export of crops. One of the used Islamic lending methods is As-Salam, which includes cash lending and in-kind repayment. Its main sources of funds are the Central Bank (41%), deposits (20%) and the government (17%).

UNITED CAPITAL BANK Kamal A. Elzubeir General Manager Plot 499, Square 65, Obaid Khatim St., Khartoum Tel: + 249 183247700 Fax: + 249 183235000 kamal@bankalmal.com www.bankalmal.com

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Activity: Finance Date of Creation: August 2006 Capital: 120 million USD United Capital Bank is held by different groups of investors, like the Areef Kuwaiti group for example.

It is established in Sudan since August 2006 and has now a net value of 280 million SDG (about 120 million USD).

Its main customers are large local industrial groups such as Araak, Haggar, or sugar refineries. It

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acts under the supervision of the central bank. Its services have the reputation to be done quickly, with a high quality and with a low cost. One of its advantages is that UCB offers a special investors adviser department dedicated to businessmen.

“Sudan is very rich with potential business opportunities. It is a virgin land. If you come here to invest, you won’t regret it”.

Kamal A. Elzubeir General Manager

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ENERGY

Ih‚ tarim mun raa al-shams qablak Respect the one who saw the sun before you Sudanese proverb

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The oil sector in Sudan underwent a massive boom in the past decade, fuelled by accelerating global demand and earlier investment in exploration and infrastructure. At the height of the boom in 2008, oil represented 95% of export revenues and 60% of government revenues. Currently, Sudan is the 5th largest African proven oil resource holder, with reserves amounting to 6.614 billion barrels, or 0.53% of the world total. The growth of the oil sector has stimulated the development of power stations, roads, bridges, a river transport system, communication, light industry, general trading and medical facilities.

The spin-off business from the sector is considerable. There is a need for equipment of all kinds from the construction of camps, road links and communications to the supply of vehicles and catering equipment. The government objectives can be summarised as follows: - rapid and effective development in the event of significant discovery - production at rates, and using methods, that will ensure maximum ultimate recovery - pricing and marketing to ensure maximum benefit to the national economy - transfer of technology and skill to nationals - maximum overall benefit to the national economy from petroleum operations The global recession saw prices for oil plummet back to pre-2007 rates, although production never slowed.

In 2010 Sudan’s oil production was approximately 480,000 barrels per day (bbl/d), and the government has expressed its intention to see it rise beyond 1 million barrels by 2013. However, this extrapolation assumes only conservative discoveries of new oil reserves in that period, though exploration has so far been mostly limited to central and south-central regions of the country.

It is estimated that vast potential reserves are held in northwest Sudan, the Blue Nile basin, and the Red Sea area in eastern Sudan. The Sudan National Petroleum Corporation (Sudapet) is active in Sudan’s oil exploration and production, however due to its limited technical and financial resources, it often develops joint ventures with foreign companies in oil projects.

There is also unharnessed potential in other energy ventures, such as Sudan’s three trillion cubic feet of natural gas reserves that have not, as of yet, been considered commercially viable, or in hydroelectric power generation in areas such as the Roseires Dam on the Blue Nile grid. Various projects are proposed to expand hydropower, thermal generation, and

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other sources of energy, but so far the government has had difficulty arranging sufficient financing.

Similarly with the mining sector, which currently comprises less than 1% of the economy, there is significant potential in gold, iron ore, base metals, and uranium. Vast deposits of uranium ores have been discovered in the area of the Nuba Mountains at Hufrat an Nahas in southern Kurdufan, while large quantities of zinc, silver, copper and other minerals are believed to be buried under the Red Sea bed. Evidently, there is much reason to expect an unprecedented expansion of Sudan’s energy and mining sector in the coming decades.

MAIN COMPANIES CHINA NATIONAL PETROLEUM CORPORATION (CNPC) House 57, Block 15, Reyad, Khartoum Tel: + 249 1 8323 8886 / Fax: + 249 1 8323 8887 www.cnpc.com.cn Activity: petroleum company Date of Creation: 1996 No. Employees: over 4,000 Sudanese employees and more than 7,000 local day laborers CNPC is China’s largest oil and gas producer and supplier, one of world’s major oilfield service providers and a globally reputed contractor in engineering construction. It entered Sudan in 1996 and now has oil and gas assets and interests and provides oilfield services. CNPC’s oil and gas businesses in Sudan mainly include the projects of Block 1/2/4, Block 3/7, Block 6, Block 15, the Khartoum Refinery, Khartoum Chemical I Co Ltd and the petrochemical trade, covering oil and gas exploration, development, production, storage and transportation, refining and chemicals and sales of refined products.

CNPC won the tender for the Block 1/2/4 project in August 1996 and it currently has a 40% holding. This site has a daily output of 150,000 barrels. CNPC won the tender for Block 3/7 in November 2000 and currently owns a 41% stake and is also the operator of this block. This oilfield produces 10 million tons of oil annually. CNPC acquired the Block 6 project in 1996 and currently has a 100% stake. Daily oil output is at more than 40,000 barrels.

The Khartoum Refinery is jointly invested in and constructed by CNPC and the Sudanese Ministry of Energy and Mining. CNPC has a 50% holding.

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Energy

CNPC also provides technical services in Sudan, including geophysical prospecting, well drilling, logging and formation testing, as well as engineering construction. As a general contractor, CNPC has completed the construction of a range of major projects.

While operating oil and gas businesses in Sudan, CNPC has attached great importance not only to safety and environmental protection in the country but also to local public welfare undertakings. The company always regards local socioeconomic development and bringing benefits to local residents to be the most substantial element of our sustainable development in Sudan. CNPC also pay special attention to protecting the environment, improving local medical conditions, supporting local education and creating jobs.

DIESEL GENERATORS COMPANY LTD Sami El-Haj Sales Manager St. 15, Amarat, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 487 511 Fax: + 249 183 487 515 samih@dgsudan.com www.dgsudan.com Activity: Power Generation, Electro-mechanical Equipment Date of Creation: Founded in 1986 Ownership: Privately Owned No. Employees: 165 Diesel Generators Company Limited (DGC) is a privately owned organization which dates back to 1986. Over 20 years later, DGC is the market leader in the power industry in Sudan supplying, installing and commissioning power solutions.

DGC is the exclusive distributor for FG Wilson generators and Perkins engines in the country, marketing its products to different industries including telecommunications, retail, healthcare, manufacturing, construction, agriculture, emergency relief, oil & gas and government institutions among others.

FG Wilson is a globally recognized company with over 40 years of experience in the design and manufacturing of diesel and gas power generating sets. Perkins is also a leading manufacturer of world class diesel engines that are built for performance and reliability.

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DGC provides its customers with a wide range of generators and engines to cater to all industries and is dedicated to providing only the best after sales services and available genuine spare parts throughout the life cycle of the products. Their products and services include: - FG Wilson generators - Perkins engines - Automatic transfer switches - Genuine spare parts - Rental services - Presales, installation and after sales support - Service contracts - Power solutions DGC has earned its leadership of the market by being the first company that is entirely focused on providing complete power generation solutions in the country. Being strongly rooted in the industry and through providing high quality products and services, they have created and maintained a prestigious name. They have executed numerous successful projects across the country and in various sectors, including: Kehaila Irrigation Project 18 units of P2000 kVA and 4 units of P250 kVA Port Sudan Water Treatment Plant 9 units of P1250 kVA Al-Asaad Steel Factory 6 units of P2000 kVA Ras Al-Khaima Ceramic Factory 6 units of P1250 kVA Merawi Dam Residential Town 3 units of P1250 kVA Today, Diesel Generator’s has a landmark head office and main showroom in a thriving business center in Khartoum, a parts outlet in an industrial area of the city and a main service workshop also in Khartoum.

These facilities are run by teams of professionals and technicians with over 35 maintenance and service vehicles. To further facilitate our growth and efficiency in the market, they have a large storage facility in Garri free zone.

With a branch in Port Sudan in the East and one in Juba in South Sudan, they have managed to meet demands in other regions of the country outside the capital. To make sure we have all our customers covered, they are in the process of establishing a new branch in Al-Fashir, the capital of North Darfur State.

Also part of our growth and development plans is the introduction of new products. Besides being

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always on top of the market where high quality diesel generators are concerned, they are also embarking on a project to provide their customers with excellent quality low speed generators as well as other electromechanical products such as UPS’ and inverters.

HIGLEIG PETROLEUM Eng. Ahmad Kassem Issa CEO Hai Elsafa - Obeid Khatim St., PO Box 13224, Khartoum Tel: + 249 1 83266926 / Fax: + 249 1 83 266965 issa@higleig.com Activity: Services and investments Date of Creation: 1980s Capital: 200 million USD Higleig Petroleum Services and Investment Co Ltd is the first petroleum service company in Sudan.

It offers a wide range of services to petroleum companies: it participates in the construction and settlement of infrastructures of oilfields, pipelines, provides partners with electrical cables, has built more than 3000km of roads near the frontiers…

The company is owned by the Areef Kuwaiti group at 64% and by Sudanese investors at about 33%. In order to bypass the US embargo and still be a viable partner for foreign companies, Higleig Petroleum has established offices in Dubai for imports and exports.

KHARTOUM REFINERY CO Zhao Yujun/ Ali Abdel Rahman General Manager PO Box 15125 Amarat, Khartoum East (Al Shatti Area) Tel: + 249 185 269134 / Fax: + 249 183 269133 krc@krcsd.com / ammar@krcsd.com www.krcsd.com/English/Index.asp Activity: petroleum refining Date of Creation: 2000 Ownership: public and private The Khartoum Refinery is jointly invested in and constructed by CNPC and the Sudanese Ministry of Energy and Mining. CNPC has a 50% holding and both built and continues to operate the refinery.

The objective of establishing KRC is to process Sudanese indigenous crude oil to cover the needs of Sudan petroleum products.

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The construction of the refinery commenced in May 1998 and it became operational in May 2000, with an annual processing capacity of 2.5 million tons. Its Phase II construction was completed in June 2006, increasing its crude processing capacity to 5 million tons. In 2006, a total of 4.16 million tons of crude was processed in this refinery. In 2007, a total of 4.74 million metric tons was processed at this Refinery.

KRC location is unique as it lies 70km north of Khartoum, 13km from the eastern bank of The River Nile and close to Nile Blend Crude pipeline, the old product pipeline, the railway linking Port Sudan and Khartoum and El Tahadi highway linking Atbara and Khartoum.KRC is self dependant on utilities, besides the processing units, it has Power Station, Water Purification Station (on the bank of The River Nile), Air Separation & Air Compression Unit, Cooling Water Treatment System, Boiler Feed Water Treatment System, Waste Water Treatment System as well as Oil Movement System and Central laboratory.

Sudan and the state firm China National Petroleum Corp (CNPC) signed on November 17, 2009 an agreement on the second phase of the expansion of the refinery. The minister of energy is willing to increase the production to 200 thousand barrels per day instead of its current capacity of 100,000 bpd to meet the growing need of oil derivatives.

“Refine Energy, Refine the Future”, for the purpose of promoting local economical development and furthering oil cooperation between Sudan and china, all Sudanese and Chinese engineers will shoulder by shoulder, hand in hand, overcome all the obstacles and create the tremendous history.”

Zhao Yujun General Manager

NATIONAL ELECTRICITY CORPORATION (NEC) Makkawi Mohamed Awad General Director 99 University St., PO Box 1380, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 782351 785007 103 Fax: + 249 183 742403 makkawi@necsudan.com info@necsudan.com www.necsudan.com Activity: electricity production Date of Creation: 1925

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Energy

The National Electricity Corporation (NEC) is historically responsible for generation, transmission and distribution of electricity in Sudan.

The supply of electric energy in Sudan started in the capital of Khartoum in 1908. In 1925, the first organization was founded under the name “Sudan and Water Company” (SLWC). The organization was renamed “Central Electricity and Water Administration” (CEWA) in 1959 and then “Public Electricity and Water Corporation” in 1974.

The essential change of the Corporation happened in 1981 with the separation of the water function and the electricity function by the Government Act of 1982. The National Electricity Corporation has been set up as a statuary corporation under the Ministry of Energy and Mining.

Electrical power is mainly supplied by NEC either from the National network or by isolated power stations in the relatively remote areas. Many industrial, commercial, governmental and private institutions have their own standby generation and continuous generation in remote areas.

Most of the national network is concentrated on three interconnected parts: Khartoum, the central network for the south of Khartoum which supplies parts of Al Gezira, White Nile, Sennar, and the Blue Nile States, and the Eastern network which supplies parts of Gadarif and Kassala States.

Also, River Nile and Northern States are connected to the national network in 2010. Port Sudan, the capital of the Red Sea State is already connected to the national network via 220kv Atbara-Port Sudan transmission line. The rest of the State, plus the Northern and Southern Kurdofan States will be electrified by the end of 2011.

The committed third circuit T/L project has covered the White Nile State, Blue Nile State and part of the Upper Nile State at El Rank.

NEC aims to be the best in its business, exceed its customers’ requirements and participate in Sudan’s development through highly motivated workforce, training on continuous improvement, waste reduction, customer focus and development of partnerships. There is still a lot to be done in Sudan to set up the required infrastructure throughout the gigantic territory. Investors are welcome to help developing the network.

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OILIBYA Lamine Kaba General Manager Abuellah building, Parliament Avenue, PO Box 320, Khartoum Tel: + 249 187 014 110 Fax: + 249 183 778 578 lamine.kaba@oilibya.sd Activity: petroleum company Date of Creation: 2008 Libya Oil Sudan Company Limited is the local subsidiary of Libya Oil Sudan Limited, a limited company incorporated in England and Wales. Libya Oil Holdings limited (LOHL) being the entire share holder of Libya Oil Sudan Limited. LOHL in turn is fully owned by the government of Libya through the Libya Africa Investment Portfolio (LAP), a government agency set up in 2006 to spearhead an investment plan in Africa.

The LOHL group has investments in over 22 African countries such as Sudan, Libya, Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Mali, Ethiopia, Senegal, Cote d’Ivoire, Gabon, Cameroon, Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia, Eritrea, Kenya, Uganda, Djibouti, Chad, Niger, Mauritius and Reunion, where it continues to look for investment opportunities.

Under the brand name ‘Oilibya’, Libya Oil Sudan Company Limited operates a retail network comprised of 45 service stations located across the country in the major cities and towns including: Khartoum, Port Sudan, Madani, Gadaref, Kassala, New Halfa, Rabak and El Obeid and many others.

This number is bound to grow as the company invests in more service stations in major cities, towns and market centers countrywide. This is in a bid to ensure that our customers can enjoy the full range of our products and services in every part of the country they visit.

The company also operates an ISO 9001 certified lube oil blending plant (LOBP) in Port Sudan, equipped with an up-to-date and high standard laboratory with a blending capacity of 40,000MT per year and a Fuel Terminal with a storage capacity of 50,000 cubic meter (50,000M3).

The company again operates another fuel depot in Gaili with a storage capacity of 8,400 cubic meters (8,400M3) and a lubricant warehouse of 6,000 cubic meter (6000M3) in Shagara (Khartoum).

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Energy

The business covers the sales and marketing of a range of quality lubricants and fuels to both retail, industrial and commercial customers in Sudan and additional services in terminalling.

Products & Services Fuels Libya Oil Sudan is currently offering gasoline and diesel through its service stations network and Industrial & Wholesale business but is able to supply other type of fuels products at customer request.

Lubricants Libya Oil offers a full range of automotive, industrial lubricants and special purpose oils for numerous applications. Their products meet the most critical industry specifications and the requirements of the major equipment builders around the world. These industry leading products are readily available through our petrol station network, distributor channel partners and can be supplied directly to their consumer customers.

Libya Oil Sudan is planning to re-enter the Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) business in the near future and to also come back into Aviation business. The company aims at building long–term relationships with their customers and work together to proactively provide outstanding LPG and Aviation solutions. Excellence in safety, health and environment will be one of our key priorities in LPG and Aviation operations.

The Oilibya range of products provides you with an opportunity to protect your most valuable investment in equipment using a unique blend of high performance virgin based oils and advanced additive systems. Their products are suitable for use in a wide variety of industries including commercial transport, passenger transport, construction, quarrying, sugar mill oils, power and oil sectors, cement and manufacturing among others.

The company considering its large capacity and capability is able to supply and offer after-sales service in high quality and standards that put it in the top of fuel reliable suppliers in the country.

Safety, Health & Environment Everyone who works at Libya Oil Sudan Limited is responsible for protecting the Safety and Health of our employees, customers and the public whom we

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encounter in the course of doing business; and the Environment. Their commitment to Safety, Health and Environment (SHE) performance is an integral part of the business, and achieving cost-effective SHE solutions is essential to the long-term success.

It’s a key management goal to ensure that “Nobody Gets Hurt”. To achieve this goal the company has established various programs to ensure that SHE becomes a key objective in the business.

The company top priority is to sustain a high level awareness and improved Safety, Health and Environment performance, in line with its objectives, making it a mindset and way of life.

In addition to oil production, OVL also bagged the pipeline laying project of 741 km Multi product pipeline from Khartoum Refinery to Port Sudan in 2005 and completed successfully ahead of time.

ONGC VIDESH

Activity: exploration and production of oil Date of Creation: 2001 Ownership: consortium

AAAID Building, 7th Floor, Plot No.2/1, Block-9E, Khartoum centre PO Box 10797 Tel: + 249 183 790815 / 16 Fax: + 249 183 790814 www.ongcvidesh.com Activity: petroleum company ONGC Videsh Limited (OVL) was renamed on 15th June 1989 from the Hydrocarbons India Private Limited, which was incorporated on 5th March, 1965.

Over a period of time, OVL has grown to become the second-largest E&P company in India both in terms of oil production and oil and gas reserve holdings.

The primary business of OVL is to seek prospects for oil and gas acreages abroad including acquisition of oil and gas fields, exploration, development, production, transportation and export of oil and gas.

OVL is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC) – the flagship national oil company of India.

Greater Nile Oil Project (GNOP), Sudan is located in the Muglad Basin, around 700 km South-West of the Capital Khartoum and consist of onland blocks 1, 2 & 4 spread over 49,500 sq km. OVL holds 25% stake in the project through its subsidiary company ONGC Nile Ganga BV (ONGBV).

OVL also operates in the Block 5A, and in pipeline projects in Sudan. Block 5A is located in the prolific Muglad basin in Sudan. The Company holds 24.125% PI in the Block along with Malaysian National Oil Company, Petronas (67.875% PI) and Sudanese Government Company, Sudapet (8% PI).

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PETRODAR Liu Yingcai President PO Box 11778, Khartoum Tel: + 249 187 008000 / Fax: + 249 183 790550 petrodar@petrodar.com www.petrodar.com

Petrodar is an International Business Company, incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands on 31st October 2001.

The main objective of Petrodar is to explore, develop and produce oil and gas in Blocks 3 and 7. These blocks are situated in the south east of Sudan, between longitude 31 and 34 and latitude 8 and 10 with a total area of about 72,000 Km2.

Petrodar is a consortium composed of the following companies: • China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), a Chinese national company, incorporated in the British Virgin Islands and has a registered branch in the Sudan. It owns 41% of the shares of Petrodar.

• Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS), a national Malaysian oil company, incorporated in Malaysia and holds 40% of the shares of Petrodar.

• Sudan Petroleum Company (SUDAPET), a company owned by the Government of Sudan and holds 8% of the shares of Petrodar.

• China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation (SINOPEC), a private company, incorporated in China and holds 6% of the shares of Petrodar.

• Tri-Ocean Exploration & Production, a private company, incorporated in Cayman Islands and owns 5% of the shares of Petrodar.

Petrodar is a non-profit making company. It depends on its financial resources upon monthly cash calls paid by its shareholders to meet the company’s financial obligations during each month.

It is managed by its Board of Directors and Management Committee (MC) members. The MC

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Energy

The Petronas building near the Nile

is composed of five members: a President, a Vice President and three General Managers; one for Finance & Services, the second is for Exploration & Production and the third is for Pipeline.

PETRONAS Nile Avenue, PO Box 11150, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 786530 / 786531 Fax: + 249 183 786535 www.petronas.com Activity: petroleum company Date of Creation: 1995 Petronas’ business involvement in Sudan began in 1995 following an invitation by the Government of Sudan to pursue exploration and development works in its Melut and Muglad Basins. Since then, Petronas’ presence in the country has expanded in both the upstream and downstream sectors of the country’s oil and gas industry.

Along with this expansion, Petronas has contributed to the nation’s community development through various community projects implemented by the operating consortium, the Greater Nile Petroleum Company.

Focusing on people and capability building, their projects include providing clean water supply, mobile health clinics as well as programmes and facilities to meet the community’s health-care, educational and

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training needs. For example, under the Education Sponsorship Programme, they have awarded meritbased full scholarships to Sudanese students to study at the Universiti Teknologi Petronas (UTP). Presently, Sudanese students make up the largest intake of foreign students at the university.

SUDAPET Salah Hassan Wahbi President & CEO No. 25/1 , block 9/10, Africa St., Khartoum Tel.: + 249 156 557777 Fax: + 249 156 557799 info@sudapet.com.sd www.sudapet.sd Activity: petroleum company Date of Creation:1997 Ownership: public Sudapet was set up in the year 1997 with an aim of becoming a spearhead national company and a strong technical and commercial arm to the government. It is to take charge of developing the oil industry, avail and train capable technical cadre with the objective of transferring the technical know-how of this business to Sudan.

To achieve these objectives the company has made it a point to set up a number of subsidiaries:

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The Blue Nile Processing company (BPC) for processing Seismic data, is a joint venture with BGP from China, the Blue Nile Geophysical Company (BGC) for Seismic data acquisition and is a joint venture with BGP. The company has set up also in collaboration with The Khartoum Technology Center for Special studies and Reservoir Characterization Studies. A special division was set up for Exploration and field Development Studies (EDSD) equipped with a complete network of workstations and PCs together with high tech latest software.

The Projects and Engineering Department is responsible for providing technical decisions for the whole organization in any technical issue and providing Project Management Consultancy for all the Sudanese Oil Operating Companies. It is also in charge of the operations and maintenance for several kinds of plants and technical support for internal projects.

“Sudapet aspires to be Sudan’s leading oil & gas company, and an important part of its mission is to contribute to the protection and enhancement of the national interest in the industries. Sudapet’s role is also to build the capabilities and competencies of Sudanese nationals to reach world class workforce, in doing this Sudapet will contribute towards nation development.”

Salah Hassan Wahbi President & CEO

WHITE NILE PETROLEUM OPERATING COMPANY LTD Mohamed Sabri Zain President PETRONAS Complex Nile Avenue PO Box 8207, Khartoum Tel : + 249 187 091000 / Fax: + 249 183 790625 www.wnpoc.com.sd

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Activity: exploration and production of oil Date of Creation: 2001 Ownership: joint venture Petronas / Sudapet White Nile (5B) Petroleum Operating Company Ltd (WNPOC) was incorporated in 2001, and is a joint operating company between PETRONAS of Malaysia and Sudapet of Sudan (50:50). WNPOC acts as the operator on behalf of the Various Partners for Block 5A , Block 5B and Block 8, of the Republic of Sudan, and is engaged in the exploration, development and production of hydrocarbon resources in the said three blocks. WNPOC started oil production from Block 5A Thar Jath field in April 2006 followed by Mala main field in December 2006 and Mala Satellite field in April 2008.

The partners in the Blocks are as follows : Block 5A: PETRONAS - ONGC Videsh - Sudapet Block 5B: PETRONAS - Lundin - ONGC Videsh Sudapet(Relinquished the Block in May 2009) Block 8: PETRONAS - Hi Tech Petroleum – Sudapet WNPOC currently relies on hundreds of suppliers to provide the equipment, supplies and services that the oil fields facilities need to support the mission of the company. The Procurement Department is the first point of contact for suppliers and is responsible for identifying and contracting with companies that provide consistently high quality products and services to the oil felids and support services.

These suppliers are required to meet high standards expectations in terms of quality, savings, focus, innovation, HSE… WNPOC relies on many values and principles such as Community Participation, Commitment to Human Development, Sustainability, Cultural Sensitivity, Peace, Friendship and Safe Environment, Commitment to Team Work, Encourage Initiatives and Innovations, Respect Local Authorities and Regulations and Accountability and Transparency.

INDUSTRY AND TRADE

Al-t’ama’ fah’al al-a’uyoob Greed is the master of shame Sudanese proverb

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Industry in Sudan has strong potential. Given its potential role in strengthening and multiplying the capabilities and prospects of the national economy, it represents the cornerstone for economic and social development.

The huge country has abundant natural resources: agriculture, cattle, fish, minerals, ore and petroleum, allied with inexpensive labour costs. The country’s industrial base is currently dominated by the extracting and refining of oil, as well as the production of vegetable oil, white sugar, tobacco products, and soap. Sudan has shown that industry can be strikingly successful. Kenana Sugar Company, which in 2010 produced seven hundred million tonnes of sugar, is one of the biggest and most profitable sugar companies anywhere in the world and boasts a list of international shareholders. Other industry initiatives, such as the GIAD industrial park for automobile assembly and manufacturing, and the Sudan free trade zones.

Other aspects point towards Sudan’s industry and trade potential as well; a competent and affordable labour market, a stable currency, its entrance into a number of bilateral, regional and international agreements that promote investment and movement of commodities and capital, not to mention its central location bordering nine other countries in North-East Africa.

Success in industrialising is crucial in order to diversify Sudan’s foreign trade. Currently, crude oil and raw agricultural produce such as cotton, oil seeds and meat make up the bulk of the country’s exports. United Nations and United States sanctions on Sudanese products once severely inhibited the country’s export potential, however the decision in 2002 by the United Nations to lift all trade sanction on Sudan has since paved the way for normalising trade relations internationally. Today, almost 80% of Sudan’s exports go directly to China – whose demand is expected to increase exponentially in the coming decade – followed by Japan at 7.3% and the United Arab Emirates at 2.3%.

The country’s industrial base is dominated by the processing of food, beverage, and tobacco products.

Oil refining is a major activity, as is the production of vegetable oil and of soap.

Industry has become the real hope and driver for development in Sudan. It represents the cornerstone for the economic and social development considering the role that it can play in strengthening and multiplying the capabilities and potentials of the national economy.

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Sudan’s limited industrial development consists of agricultural processing and various light industries located in Khartoum North. In recent years, the GIAD industrial complex introduced the assembly of small autos and trucks, and some heavy military equipment such as armored personnel carriers and the proposed “Bashir” main battle tank.

Although Sudan is reputed to have great mineral resources, exploration has been quite limited, and the country’s real potential is unknown. Small quantities of asbestos, chromium, and mica are exploited commercially.

Sudan has various qualities which have made it a favored place for investors from all over the world.

These include: • Huge resources in both the animal and crop sections of the agricultural sector, and the mining sector.

• Competent manpower at reasonable cost, particularly after the famous educational revolution.

• High returns on investment in the manufacturing sector.

• Presence of conducive laws and policies for investment in manufacturing.

• The signing by Sudan of a number of bilateral, regional and international agreements that guarantee investments and encourage the movement of commodities and capital.

• The strategic geographical location of Sudan, which shares borders with nine countries constituting important markets.

• The Sudanese economy has achieved positive and high growth rates, as compared with similar economies, in addition to the reduction of inflation rates to a single digit and the stability of the national currency.

Sudan is a member of the Arab Investment Guarantee Organization, the International Convention for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID).

Sudan’s principal export destinations, 2008

Sudan’s principal import sources, 2008

China 79.5%

Saudi Arabia 25%

Japan 7.3%

China 7.9%

United Arab Emirates 2.3%

UK 6.6%

Export and import policy has recently been liberalized. In the past, the country was isolated, and foreign trade was highly restricted. Since the early 1990s, trade

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Industry and Trade

MINISTRY OF FOREIGN TRADE Elias Neyama Lel Minister Al Jamia St., PO Box 194, Khartoum Tel: +249 183 772793 Fax: +249 183 773950 moftio@sudanmail.net Sudan has a strategic location and is the largest country in Africa with enormous natural resources, in terms of agricultural land and animal resources.

It is a producer of gold, oil, uranium, diamond and nickel amongst others. All these activities represent a huge potential for foreign trade. And thanks to these, Sudan can be useful to the region, the Gulf and the world.

“Sudan has got the best business environment that you could have. Whatever you need, you can find it in Sudan: water, products, animals… it is much nicer here, and far away from fertilizers. It is a hub for trade that would benefit soon from a new international airport which will be a boon for Sudan and for those importing in Sudan.

Sudan is to maintain its membership in regional trade agreements, working on its infrastructures in order to develop its considerable potential for exports”.

Former Minister for Trade

Thus, the main functions of the ministry of foreign trade are to supervise the activities resulting from the use of these resources: to manage the imports and exports, to participate to international fairs to promote Sudan and its business opportunities outside, to work on international agreements in trade (GAFTA, WTO, EU…) and on policy making in trade activities in Sudan.

In order to facilitate foreign trade, Sudan has to achieve an internal reform and to improve its image.

This can be done in three phases: • It is obligatory for Sudan to reconcile itself and to find peace and stability • It has to undertake an internal transformation, going from a mentality of war into a culture of peace so that Sudan becomes an institutional state with a system of good governance, transparency and efficiency • A reflection on how to utilize the resources in Sudan has to be made, regionally, locally and internationally.

The ministry of foreign trade participates in many international fairs to support Sudan, getting ideas from experts to solve the local issues. In fact, for international investors to utilize Sudanese resources there must be an amicable environment for investment. Some sanctions and isolation laws inherited from wars are being suppressed.

Sudan now represents many opportunities for trade and investments: it is going through a necessary transformation, and into intensive regional and international dialogues. There have been a lot of efforts made to have better relationships with the numerous neighboring countries.

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Tutti bridge crossing the Nile

ADIYAT Yassin Ahmed Mohammed Ali Chairman Kafori Block 2, Plot 125, Khartoum Tel: +249 183 784956 / Fax: +249 183 778396 yasinali@adiyatdist.com Activity: marketing and distribution Date of Creation: 1992 Turnover: 110 million USD in 2010 No. Employees: 300 Adiyat was founded in 1992 and is still managed by its founder. It began with importations, mainly from Yemen and Egypt, and sales. It has now about 300 employees and had a 70 million USD turnover in 2009. Adiyat aims now to become the leading FMCG distribution company in Sudan and is looking to expand. The goal is to have a product distributed

by Adiyat in every Sudanese home. Its strategy is to find foreign partners that would add value to the company. It already has project with foreign companies, from Europe for example. In Sudan, the company already has 5 stores and a fleet of more than 100 vehicles.

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Adding value to the society is also one of Adiyat’s priorities. In order to do so, they focus on training their staff. IT and control system are of prime importance to manage the large fleet of the company. It allows organizing the different branches dispersed all over the country.

Adiyat is a local business but it participates in every international fair for suppliers and has international projects. It is willing to contribute to the development of Sudan.

AL MUKHTAR GROUP Industrial Area, South Sayga Factory PO Box 3715, Khartoum Tel: +249 185 321202 / 321209 Fax: +249 185 321207 mail@almukhtargroup.com www.almukhtargroup.com Activity: industrial group Almukhtar is a Sudanese company founded to participate in the improvement of the infrastructure of Sudan, introducing state of the art technologies and the continuous support of these technologies with its world-known partners. Almukhtar had played a major role since its establishment in the infrastructure of Sudan with a main focus on river transport. Almukhtar had started since its foundation to provide all range of spare parts for trucks and it is a major player in the market.

River Transport solutions is the 2nd milestone of the company.

Schottel products became the standard product in river Transportation in Sudan; this was achieved by Almukhtar and Schottel quality service.

Deutz is another success story; Deutz, the worldwide giant in engine manufacturing, became one of the parnters after recognizing AlMukhtar’s achievements and effectiveness in serving its clients. Almukhtar and Deutz jointly are providing marine and power solutions.

One of the key advantages of Al Mukhtar is its understanding the local market requirements and responding to these requirements.

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ALSUNUT DEVELOPMENT COMPANY LTD Hani Hassan El Khidir Managing Director No 1 Block 5 East, Khartoum 2, PO Box 1840, Khartoum Tel: +249 183 595302 / 595062 hani.hassan@dalgroup.com www.alsunut.sd Activity: real estate development and management Date of Creation: 2004 Ownership: mixed public and private (Governance of Khartoum, Ministry of Physical Planning and National Social Insurance with Dal Property Development) In 2004, the public sector represented by the Governance of Khartoum along with Ministry of Physical Planning and National Social Insurance Fund signed a partnership agreement with Dal Property Development, a private company to establish Al Sunut Development Company to assume infrastructure development in a prime land located in the heart of the Sudanese capital, Khartoum. Al Sunut Development Company regards its creation as a pilot model for effective publicprivate partnerships in the real estate development and management. The governmental participation is only limited to the land they give.

Al Sunut is effectively seeking creative infrastructure solutions derived from the diverse Sudanese tradition and culture that signify their identity and deep sense of unity. The company is increasing the value of the lands by developing the infrastructures and dividing them into plots for investors according to well planned guidelines.

Al Sunut is extensively involved in developing the Mogran area and the extended neighboring land along the bank of the White Nile. This project is a direct representation of Al Sunut’s commitment to its principles of commercial viability, active social development, creative sustainable management solutions and effective environmental protection and preservation. The vast 1400 acre land would be the icon of future Khartoum with its commercial, residential and recreational developments. In fact, Almogran incorporates world-class infrastructure, luxury amenities and lush landscaped gardens.

The Central Business District will feature an integration of mutually supporting uses and services including business offices, shops, apartments, restaurants, entertainment and leisure facilities

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Industry and Trade

such as a golf course. A purpose-built road network, with underground parking and a dedicated shuttle bus service, will provide easy transport around the city. There will be a network of covered pedestrian colonnades and a main promenade along the bank of the White Nile. All of this comes together to create the ideal location to Work, Play, and Stay.

The ultimate vision of Al Sunut Development is to turn this prime land into an alluring and rather enchanting panorama reflecting the exquisiteness of the sensational city of Khartoum.

Al Sunut follows principle of pioneering the “superb”, the “sensible” and the “sustainable” for the public it serves. The company is committed to the welfare of the community, the satisfaction of its customers and the overall growth of its employees, as the Managing Director explains the way Al Sunut defines its activities: “we invest in people and people invest in us”. Al Sunut regards its current innovative White Nile development as a platform to advance the concept of quality modern infrastructure development and management supported by state-of-the-art autonomous governance solutions. Its philosophy is that; through «collaboration», «novelty», «creativity” and “professionalism”, the pillars of the company, Al Sunut is posed to meet challenges while seizing opportunities for growth.

In order to do so, it is actively seeking contractors to set up the roads, lightings, and get the different machines needed. It already has partnerships with contractors from Italy, the UK, Saudi Arabia, and China, amongst others.

“We need to find high quality suppliers to build the infrastructures on our lands. The problem is that contractors don’t come to Sudan. They are afraid of security issues, restrictions on capital investment and of the conflict in Darfur. But the truth is that very profitable business can be made here in Sudan”.

Hani Hassan El Khidir Managing Director

Alsunut is developing Al Mogran Area

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AMIPHARMA LABORATORIES LTD Dr. Ahmed El Bedawi M. E.Hamid Managing Director Plot 33, Block 7, Industrial Area Khartoum North, PO Box 180, Khartoum North Tel: +249 985 311442 / 311443 / 311448 Fax: +249 985 314721 / 314722 amipharma@sudanmail.net amipharma_sudan@yahoo.com www.amipharma-labs.com Activity: pharmaceutical production Date of Creation: 1975 Capital: 500 million SDG Turnover: 50 million SDG Employees: 500 in production + 200 in marketing and distribution The company was established in 1975 as a family business and started production and marketing its products in Sudan in April 1983 and since that time defined its role clearly as an industry that honours its commitment to high quality products. In 1983 Amipharma started with two lines of Production: Capsules and Tablets. In 1984 the production capacities has increased four times. In 1985 Amipharma signed a licensing agreement to produce six products for Beecham International (later S K Beecham) and continue producing six formulation under licence from Beecham International in capsules forms and dry powder for suspension up to year 2000. In 1990 syrup and suspension line has been established and a coating section in 1997.

Amipharma now has 15 Lines for the production of various pharmaceutical dosage forms and 60 different products, plus 28 undergoing registration.

Amipharma laboratories plant is built in a Total area of 21,000.m2 with a roofed area of about 13,500m2 (about 6,000m2 production areas and 7,500 administration, utilities and ware houses). The design of the factory and all other facilities are based on a high technical knowhow and in strict compliance with the rules of current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) as stipulated by WHO and other International bodies.

Amipharma has an excellent distribution network and customers service. This is achieved by distribution offices spread all over the main cities of Sudan mainly Khartoum, Omdurman, Wad Medani and Nyala.

Also Amipharma has liaison offices in areas where there is no distribution office to enable Amipharma products to reach all parts of Sudan. It is with honour that Amipharma staff has translated their zealous

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ambition to achieve maximum customer satisfaction by being awarded the ISO 9001:2000 certification. The certification was awarded in October 2002 to highlight a long career success of the company. The certification reinforces the confidence bestoweed on us by the valued customers and opens new avenues of progress and advancement to the company. The full compliance with the International Standards for Quality marks the commencement of a new area in Amipharma.

Amipharma has a historical commitment to the needs of community. This is apparent in continuously launching new product lines to meet these demands, adopt socially responsible behavior towards community by providing work opportunities to workers, sponsoring Medical Conferences and Activities, continuously train the pharmaceutical students from the different Sudanese Universities in production and Quality Control.

Amipharma is expanding regionally to Eritrea and Ethiopia, and plans to extend its activities from purely human medicine to veterinary too. The company is also looking for licensing agreements with foreign partners.

“Sudan is a big country with a lot of opportunities in different fields; in industry and agriculture for example. That’s why the Hamid Group, the holding group of Amipharma, is operating in different sectors.”

Dr. Ahmed El Bedawi M. E.Hamid Managing Director

AMZAR TRADING AND SERVICES Wail. A. Medani General Manager House Nos. 38, St., Nos. 13 Amarat (New Extension) PO Box 2506, Khartoum Tel: +249 183 461272 / + 249 912 307324 Fax: +249 183 474990 sales@amzar.net / www.amzar.net Date of Creation: Established 1988 as a business, registered on the 28th July 1992 Ownership: Nazar El Sammani Yacoub (50%), Amin Ahmed Hassab ElRasoul (50%) No. Employees: 325 permanent staff Amzar in its humble beginning was a small catering service provider, but due to the good guidance and the hands on approach of its directors, added to the perseverance of its dedicated staff, the company

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has evolved to become the largest, catering and associated services company in Sudan.

At peak intervals the company provided catering services to over 15 thousand persons of different cultural backgrounds.

There are a few market competitors, however, due to Amzar’s long experience in dealing with the market, coupled with its established facilities and very low employee turnover, Amzar has gained the upper hand in the market and has a clear advantage over the remaining competitors in terms of expertise, customer satisfaction and client preference.

The current main projects of the company are the provision of catering and associated services, to major petroleum companies in Sudan. The clients include: 1. Greater Nile Petroleum Operating Company 2. Petrodar Operating Company 3. White Nile Petroleum operating Company 4. Seadrill Drilling Company 5. China Petroleum Engineering and Construction Corporation.

6. Oil and Natural Gas Videsh Limited The company has completed projects for the following clients in the past: 1. The African Union Mission in Sudan (AMIS) 2. The United Nations and African Union Mission in Darfur (UNAMID) 3. The United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS) 4. The World Food Programme (WFP) 5. The Joint Military Commission (JMC) Amzar Trading and Services is an expanding company and like most other expanding companies it is open for partnerships. It is a BSI ISO 9001 Quality certified company.

“If you select Amzar Trading and Services, for business or service provision, you will have at your disposal a multitude of service solutions, a group of highly talented staff will follow on all your requirements and you will be ensured of the company’s unrivalled expertise in a multitude of service solutions.

Amzar never settles for shortcuts in the technical implementation of service work tasks it undertakes, everything is immaculately planned for and only the highest quality service will be considered, settled for and brought forward.”

Wail. A. Medani General Manager

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ARAAK McNimir St., PO Box 732, 11111 Khartoum Tel: +249 183 773987 / 773988 Fax: +249 183 776890 afi@araak.com www.araak.com Activity: industrial group (food, engineering and services) Date of Creation: 1984 No. Employees: more than 4000 Araak Group (Est. 1970) is one of the largest and most successful commercial groups of companies operating in the Sudan. It is a diverse private conglomerate of Sudanese companies engaged in a wide range of business activities.

Araak Group continues to maintain its success by expanding into different fields and meeting new consumer demands due to the rapid growth and advancement in Sudan’s economy. Araak Group has been a leader in a number of industries; food, engineering, and services are a few of the industries that Araak has heavily invested in. thus, different

companies are part of the group: Araak Food, Medani Food, Crystal, Wheata, Araak Engineering and Araak Development and Investment.

Araak Group continues to soar to new heights via product diversification, customer contentment and social gratification.

BASHIR MOTORS Wail El Nefeidi Director Matahin Sayga St., New Industrial Area Khartoum North Tel : +249 185 321300 / 183 762031 Fax: +249 183 771883 / 785090 info@nissan-sd.com www.nissan-sd.com Activity: car dealer and rental Date of Creation: 2005 Ownership: El Nefeidi Group Bashir Motors, under the umbrella of well-established and reputable Elnefeidi Group, was founded in 2005

The Khartoum terminal land

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as exclusive National Sales Company of Nissan Motor vehicles in Sudan.

Bashir Motors is well recognized for its outstanding business operations and exceptional customer care. The remarkable accomplishments of the company were combined efforts and hard work by our competent and qualified professionals, steady support of management, continued business process improvements and state-of-the-art facilities to ensure the achievement of highest customer satisfaction.

Now on its 5th year of successful and sustained operations, Bashir Motors further strives to improve its business process and strengthen its foundation to be able to meet the ever-challenging customer demands.

The entire Bashir Motors’ Family is fully committed to serving Sudan with the most efficient and highest quality vehicles and proper adherence to NISSAN Standards of services.

The mission of Bashir Motors is to uphold the highest customer satisfaction and retention by continually improving brand value and business processes for

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sustenance of long-term stability and profitability and to be the most venerated and trusted industry leader fully committed towards, utmost customer satisfaction, social awareness and responsibility, excellent personal & professional development of employees, superior measureable values to all stakeholders. “Be Creative, Continuously Improve Everything, and Keep Growing.�

Wail El Nefeidi Director

This is the basic philosophy that we in Bashir Motors believe and implement in order to fulfill our commitment. The past 4 successful years of Bashir Motors Co is a positive confirmation that we are indeed working as one family towards the achievement of our mission and vision. Working hand in hand towards one goal, our team has ceaselessly uphold the mission and vision of the company which serves as our driving force. We take pride in what we have remarkably achieved and what we are significantly going to achieve in the succeeding years.

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It is our pleasure to invite you to witness our performance and experience driving a high quality car and a first rate customer service by patronizing Nissan Cars and Services. We fully commit ourselves in giving you the utmost quality products and services ensuring the highest customer satisfaction.

EASY MOVE Mamoun Ibrahim General Manager 15 St. Al-Amarat, South Al Hawi Supermarket, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 486363 / + 249 911 901190 Fax: + 249 183 595785 sudanuk2@hotmail.com Activity: real estate EasyMove Property Ltd is an independent firm focused on providing a quality service. its main aim is to provide transparency in an often hazy market, ensuring that everyone involved is always aware of on goings and thus becoming a better medium

Booking Rental Buyers Sellers

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of communication and in return becoming faster at producing results.

EasyMove offers the following services: - Property Management - Short & Long term accommodation - Service Apartments (daily, weekly, monthly, or yearly rates) - Developments / Investments - Sales: Buying & selling (Apartments, Houses, Lands) - Property & Land registration - Free valuation - Refurbishments: Building maintenance / Internal design EasyMove Property Ltd offers a personalized service mixed in with a professional approach.

The main strengths of the company lie in three key areas: They take a personal approach: EasyMove is totally customer-focused and strives to offer the highest level of personal service.

They know Khartoum: because they only deal with Khartoum properties, their knowledge of the capital is second to none.

Our Services We offer the following services: • Property Management • Short & Long term accommodation • Service Apartments - Like a hotel, but your own apartment daily, weekly, monthly, yearly rates.

• Developments / Investments • Sales - Buy & sell (Apartments, Houses, Lands) • Property & Land registration • Free valuation • Refurbishments - Building maintenance / Internal design Easymove Property Ltd. Khartoum, Sudan Tel: +249 183 486363 Fax: +249 183 595785 Mob: +249 9 1190 1190 Email: sudanuk2@hotmail

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They understand the needs of the customers: Whether they’re visiting Khartoum for business or pleasure or relocating, their staff have a unique insight into their needs, built up over many years.

EasyMove has considerable experience managing property. It manages whole blocks for clients, where it also acts as the sole agent for letting individual flats. EasyMove’s tenants are from embassies, foreign & Oil companies, Charity Organisations, and United Nation.

During letting of properties, all negotiations are carried out with the highest degree of professionalism, integrity and confidentiality. EasyMove offers a great number of services ranging from a straight introductory let right through to a full management contract.

EL BARBARY GROUP Mohamed El Barbary Director P.O.Box 996, Khartoum Tel: +249 183 483689 / Fax: +249 183 484248 info@elbarbary.org www.elbarbary.org Activity: industrial group Date of Creation: 1906 The Elbarbary Group was established in 1906, by the late Hafez Elsayed Elbarbary. Born as a company based in the market of steel production, timber trade, and export of many local products, the company began to further extend its reaches to agencies around the world. Throughout the years, the Hafez Elsayed Elbarbary Co Ltd has structured itself as a major business in Sudan, dealing with many types of agencies.

By establishing a respectful and prosperous business, the company has formed contacts using the Port of Sudan, and created ties with worldwide shipping agencies located in Singapore, Pakistan, Germany, Belgium and the U.K. Further still, HSB Co Ltd has involved itself in transporting shipments arriving at Port Sudan and distributing them within the greater territory of Sudan.

The group now encompasses the following companies: • Elbarbary Engineering Co, Hyundai Motors and Spare Parts • Elbarbary Heavy Equipments Co, Hino Products and Spare Parts • Elbarbary Technology Co, Toshiba, Acer, Intex

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and Samsung Electronics, Spare Parts and Supplies • HSB Tires and Lubricants Co, Valvoline and Enoc Motor Oil, Dunlop, Continental and Hankook Tires and Spare Parts.

• Elbarbary Trading Co, import of national strategic commodities and exports of Sudanese products • Elbarbary Building Material Co, Steel and Timber Imports, Building Materials • PIL Shipping Service Co, Joint Venture with PIL Singapore.

EL MOHANDIS PAINTS Kamal Ibrahim A. Abdulla Chairman Omdurman Industrial Area, PO Box 3086, Khartoum Tel: +249 185 216971 Fax: +249 185 216973 mu.murgi@elmohandis-paints.com Activity: paints producer Date of Creation: 1976 The company was founded by the chairman’s father in 1976. They started as traders until 1984, and then evolved to the production of cans in 1986 with the Azza factory, to supply food producers. They entered the paints industry in 1997 and made a big effort to sustain a rapid growth in a short time.

El Mohandis Paints work with many European partners, in Germany or the Netherlands for example. It provides them with equipment, in a very highly competitive environment.

El Mohandis is always looking for international partners. It is the leader in Sudan in this industry and it has a very strong reputation, but only nationally for now. The company is willing to expand to neighboring countries to develop its activities. In fact, it has a 5-year plan to become the leader in paints in the MENA area.

EL NEFEIDI Parlaman St., Khartoum PO Box 1222 Tel: +249 183 780500 / 785084 / 784012 Fax: +249 183 785090 / 771532 wail@elnefeidigroup.com / www.elnefeidi.com Activity: industry and trade

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The Elnefeidi Group was founded by Bashir Elnefeidi and started as a rather modest business. It then expanded and diversified under Bashir’s guidance and leadership to be by far the largest transport company in Sudan and one of the biggest in the region.

The Elnefeidi Group is composed of many activities spread in several divisions: the automotive division (with Bashir Motors Ltd, Nefeidi Motors Ltd, Elnefeidi Tyre Retreading Center, Elnefeidi Commercial Enterprises, Nefeidi Tyre Retreading Co Ltd in Egypt and Lorneco Ltd in Dubai), the investment division (Elnourus Real Estate Investment Co Ltd, Nedeidcom Contracting Enterprises), and the transport division (Elnourus Petroleum Services Ltd, Raiba Trans Ltd, Seven Rent a Car, Raiba River Trans, Raiba Trans “BVI” Ltd) Thus, Elnefeidi Group is the official distributor/agent of Nissan motor-vehicles in Sudan through Bashir Motors, and of BMW through Nefeidi Motors. It also has a huge BANDAG tyre retreading center in Khartoum North, equipped with high quality machines and employing well-trained and experienced staff.

The Elnefeidi Commercial Enterprises is involved in the wholesale and retail sale of trucks, tires, and truck parts equipment. It is the sole distributor of Hyundai and Steyr commercial vehicles in Sudan.

It offers after-sales maintenance and repair too.

ECE is the commercial arm of the Group, dealing in exports of Sudanese products and also in the importation of pharmaceutical and building material.

The real estate activity of the group focuses on building integrated housing schemes to overcome the lack of basis infrastructure that exists in Sudan, and, on another hand, luxurious housing and facilities (Nefeidcom). Elnourus Petroleum Services was created to respond to this lack of infrastructure and to the demand from petroleum industries. It is specialized in general mechanical and engineering services.

The Group founded Raiba Trans, for professional trucking services, in 2002. It follows three principles for its development: an advanced management system, the purchase of completely new equipment, a detailed and effective training programme for all personnel. Many factors distinguish Raiba Trans, such as the fact that the company’s activities are developed, controlled and operated through a sophisticated network computer system including communication with Port Sudan and its satellite station, which is considered to be a revelation in the transportation business in Sudan. Another factor is that Raiba as part and parcel of its services index provides radio equipped mobile units en route from

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Port Sudan to Khartoum, giving indications and roadside maintenance, if required by the customers.

The Elnefeidi Group also has numerous partnerships and shares in, for example, the National Bank of Sudan, Middle East Insurance Co Ltd, Sudanese Islamic Bank, Khartoum Public Transport Co Ltd, Land Terminal Co Ltd, INMA Poultry Project, Containers Terminal International Co Ltd Acting as a global group, Elnefeidi has overseas investments in Nefeidi Tyre Retreading Co Ltd in Egypt, in Gandala International Corp. in the US, in Mesadan LLC. in the US, in Lornico – Jabal Ali Free Zone in the UAE and in Raiba Trans Ltd in BVI.

EYAT OILFIELD SERVICES CO LTD Eng. Adb El Aziz Ahmed El Bashier El Berier Chariman and CEO Amarat St.15, Khartoum Tel: +249 183 482691 / Fax: +249 183 482692 info@eyatoil.com / www.eyatoil.com Activity: infrastructure development Date of Creation: 1999 Ownership: private No. Employees: more than 4000 Eyat Oilfield Services Co Ltd was established in 1999 for the sole purpose of developing Sudan in various fields. It’s a 100% Sudanese owned company with a total number of more than 4000 employees. Eyat now stands as the biggest company in Sudan the second biggest in Africa in terms of Machineries and Equipments. Eyat Oilfield Services Co has made a name for itself within a short time as a reliable Oilfields Service Provider (OSP), committed to deliver the best services in quality, cost and time.

The company mission is to be the leader in providing the best value in infrastructure development and support services for existing and new projects dedicated to building the Sudan’s infrastructure and developing and transporting its resources. Eyat will use Innovative Service Oriented tools and equipments to achieve operational excellence, improve safety and greater efficiency. Eyat Oilfield people will increase shareholder value by aggressively pursuing growth and profit opportunities that leverage the operations, information management and financial service expertise.

Eyat will provide its workforce with an environment that stimulates diversity, innovation, teamwork,

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continuous learning and improvement and rewards individual performance. Eyat is dedicated to improving the quality of its people’s life and pursue their social development while sustaining the quality, safety of the earth. They thrust to be good citizen and encourage social responsibility.

The core business activities of Eyat Oilfield Services Co Ltd are shared amongst Eyat Oilfield Services, Eyat Roads and Bridges, Eyat Pharmaceuticals, Eyat Information Industry Co Ltd, Tasnieem Agriculture Co, Eyat Mining & Exploration and Eyat Forwarding.

Eyat Oilfield Services Co Ltd has the potential capability to expand the company investments regional and overseas. The enormous resources and expertise that the company has made the capacity to provide the service within the planned time and required cost and quality. The achievements that they have made so far in terms of projects have gained enormous appreciation from the customer side and also allow Eyat to gain excellent customer relationships. In fact, it’s their core value to deliver tailor-made solutions to clients that need it rather than sell services to them.

“Our mission is to push forward the wheel of development in Sudan by relentlessly executing major infrastructure and development projects”.

Eng. Adb El Aziz Ahmed El Bashier El Berier Chariman and CEO

GIAD AUTO Omer Ali Hamad Director General Giad Tower , East of Madany St. Elsteen Cross Road, Khartoum Tel: +249 187 094004 / 094007 Fax: +249 187 094090 giadinfo@giadauto.com / www.giadauto.com Activity: manufacturing and assembling of vehicles Date of Creation: 1997 The idea of GIAD City was full of the basis of success.

The concept was to establish integrated factories for production and a merged services complex; so as to create a Sudanese industrial city, with international standards. The feasibility studies were completed in June 1996 and the founding stone was laid in March 1997, in accordance with a partnership between SMT Engineering Co Ltd (76%) and the Military

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Industry Corporation (24%). Immediately, work was started on the civil constructions, the preparation of factories and workshop; and thence, GIAD City was officially inaugurated on 26 October 2000.

GIAD Industrial City is located at 50 kms to the south of Khartoum; in an area of 15 kms. It is divided into two parts: one industrial and the other is residential.

The industrial part encompasses a number of companies. The largest of these companies is GIAD for Automotive Industry Holding Group which have seven subsidiary groups.

The purpose of GIAD AUTO is to manufacture and assemble a group of types of vehicles and trucks and their accessories, with modern technologies, high quality and suitable cost.

This is performed by Sudanese hands; so as to participate in the development programmes in the country, to arrive at a community which encompasses all the customers inside the Sudan and in the regional surroundings. GIAD AUTO depends on its employees to achieve these ends in a way which avail them to compete and make profits and guarantee the perpetual sustainability of the Company and its excellence.

GIAD Company had achieved the expected success. It has developed vehemently, in a way that surpassed all expectations. Its products have achieved large success and acceptability in the domestic market. This is due to the high quality of its products and their suitability for the Sudan’s climate, the competitive prices and the after-sales service.

Yet; it did not stop at that, as regional markets have started to be open for it products.

GOLDEN ARROW Mamoun Abdel Mutaal Abdalla President Africa Road, PO Box 465, Khartoum Tel: +249 183 741980 Fax: +249 183 741982 sales@goldenarrowsudan.com www.goldenarrowsudan.com Activity: car rental and dealership Date of Creation: 1948 Golden Arrow Sudan was created in 1948 to sell motor vehicles and machine parts. It acquired sole dealership for Toyota vehicles and spare parts in 1963, which makes it the oldest established

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dealership in Africa. Since then, Golden Arrow has tremendously expanded, increasing the sales of Toyota vehicles in Sudan.

It soon became the number one selling brand in the country and Golden Arrow has managed to maintain this leading position. Golden Arrow has also acquired the sole distributorship rights for Yamaha motorcycles, and distributes Yamaha generators, and provides its customers with maintenance and after-sale services.

The headquarters of Golden Arrow gather the sales, service and spare parts facilities. Other showrooms are spread across Khartoum and Omdurman. The company also offers car rental services with a large fleet of Toyota vehicles: more than 100, ranging from small cars to SUVs and buses. Short or long term leases are available, along with drivers.

HAGGAR HOLDING COMPANY (HHC) Anthony Anis Haggar CEO PO Box 236, Khartoum North Tel: +249 185 335937 / 193 / 407 Fax: +249 185 335940 aag@haggarholding.com www.haggarholding.com Activity: industry and trade Ownership: Haggar family No. Employees: 2742 Haggar Holding Company (HHC) is Haggar Family’s investment vehicle, with investments in a range of businesses in Northern and Southern Sudan. During the 90’s, it diversified into three key segments: tobacco (Haggar ciragettes and tobacco factory), food and beverages (Pasgianos) and white goods (Coldair). Haggar has local products, “made in Sudan, for Sudan”.

Haggar’s companies: Tobacco The Tobacco Industry has been the core business of The Group since 1948, having begun in Southern Sudan with tobacco cultivation and cigarette manufacture. A new factory was established in Khartoum in 1965 and White Nile Tobacco Factory was acquired in 1994. It owns two cigarette factories, one in Khartoum and one in Juba, with a dominant market share. HCTF has installed a tobacco processing plant at Khartoum factory. This primary processing equipment has considerably enhanced

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Kobar bridge in Khartoum

the production, preparing the company to process both imported and locally grown leaf tobaccos.

HCTF has undergone an extensive restructuring programme improving efficiency, as the company prepares itself for added competition, removal of barriers and contraband. The former White Nile Tobacco and Cigarette Company (WNTCC) plant was brought under one roof; manufacturing and packing machinery has been upgraded and efficiencies improved significantly. During 2000, HCTF’s factory in Juba was reactivated, producing brands for the Southern Sudan. Through our different brands, HCTF strives to offer the best mix of quality, price, service and promotion available in the industry.

Pasgianos Food And Beverages Established in the 1940’s, ‘Pasgianos’ was the first soft drink to be bottled in The Sudan. It remains the only bottled drink that is exclusive to The Sudan and has experienced healthy growth since its acquisition in 1999 by HHC, increasing from 400 to over 20,000 crates daily in 2005.

PF&B operates out of two plants, one in Khartoum and the other in Hasaheisa, giving it a unique distribution and cost advantage. Two brands covering four flavours make up the product portfolio, including Pasginaos – ‘Frutto’ and Forat – Orange, Mango and Lemon. All products are offered in 255 ml returnable glass bottle packages.

Coldair Coldair was acquired in 2002 by Haggar Holding Company and is the largest manufacturer of domestic refrigerators, evaporative air coolers and water coolers in Sudan. It has recently completed an expansion project which has upgraded existing machinery,

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allowed for increased production of refrigerators with improved quality and added the manufacture of Chest Deep Freezers to its product range.

country’s fast developing economy and with its own philosophy of keeping up its distinguished quality of production, services and human resources.

Sopetcom SOPETCOM is HHC’s investment vehicle to cater to the growing opportunities in Remote Site Services, Energy and Communications. It is in partnership with BMMI in providing catering services to some of the larger oil companies active in Sudan through ODSCO Catering JV. SOPETCOM is in partnership with SUDATEL in providing VSAT services across The Sudan through ‘SUDASAT’ and with DYNAMIC in providing Oil Well services.

MIG Trading Co, has developed into a well-reputed company in international trading in connection with: Export of agricultural products such as Sesame seeds, Hibiscus Flowers, Groundnuts and Melon seeds, export of both untreated and treated leather, import of foodstuffs, of construction materials and of agricultural inputs.

Haggar Limited Haggar Limited is the oldest company under HHC, established in 1904 in Southern Sudan and is HHC’s investment vehicle to cater to the growing opportunities in trade and commercial services.Haggar Limited is in partnership with Khalil Fattal and Fills (KFF) in providing a professional Distribution Company in Sudan through Aquila Distribution Company, handling a rich portfolio of brands including Cadbury, Johnson & Johnson, Henkel, President, Kimberly Clarke and United Biscuits.

Haggar Limited is the exclusive distributor for Samsung Consumer Electronics products throughout Sudan Red Sea Salt The salt farms are located outside the City of Port Sudan along the Red Sea and cover a total area of 450,000 square meters. The farm is divided into 15 bonds with a quarterly capacity of 5,000 MT.

MOHAMED IKHWAN GROUP (MIG) Mohamed Ismail Mohamed Chairman & Managing Director off Al Baladya St. PO Box 2056, Khartoum Tel: +249 183 782185 / Fax: +249 183 775347 mohamed.ismail@miggroup.net www.miggroup.net

Al Dinder Oil Mills is one of the largest producing mills in Sudan; it extracts vegetable oils from seeds such as sesame, cotton seeds, and groundnuts. Using German machines, it produces 100 ton of oils per day. It sells its products locally throughout the nation and overseas to the neighboring countries. Aldinder Oil Mills enjoy a considerable market share due to its high quality production and vast distribution network. Located at Khartoum State – Albagair Industrial area (10,000 m3).

The MIG group is also active in the food industry with its Salim Biscuit Factory that was founded in 1997.

With the use of Italian machines, it produces about 25,000 kg. of biscuits per day and sells high quality and variety of biscuits locally and abroad. New lines of production including snacks were added and started processing by end of 2003.

MIG Agricultural Co is trading in import of Agricultural machinery & equipments and fertilizers. It is a sole distributor of Belarus Tractors in Sudan. Being an agricultural country, rich with its land and water and more than 70% of its population working in the agricultural sector, has encouraged the group to invest more and introduce new technologies to help in transferring the sector from traditional to a more mechanized and high productive agricultural schemes.

Activity: Industry and Trade Date of Creation: 1980s Capital: $60 million US dollars No. Employees: 650

MIG Petroleum Services Co is a traditional cargo carrier and moved to a petroleum transport and services company with the growing petroleum industry in Sudan. It owns a fleet of 70 tankers with a total capacity of 4200 ton. In addition to the transportation of petroleum products and water supplies, its activities include oil fields services, site and camps preparations, water wells drilling, supply of drilling materials and forwarding services.

Mohamed Ikhwan Group (MIG) is a leading Sudanese group of companies operating in the areas of Industry, International Trading & Marketing, Construction, Transport, Banking and other Services.

Through the years, MIG continued prospering by diversifying its business activities along with the

A cargo transport company, Al-Badri Transport Co a fleet of 52 trucks (SCANIA model 2005) with a capacity of 90 ton per truck. The fleet includes flatdeck trailers for cargo and 40 feet containers, beside a car-carrier, and 60 tons low-bed trailers. It is located at Abdalla al-tayeb street, Al-Taif area, Khartoum city.

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Trading Co.

Petroleum Services Construction Co.

Oil Mills

Food Industries

Consultancy Center www.miggroup.net Headquarter

Baladia St. & Conto Mekalouse St. Junction, P.O. Box 2056 , Khartoum, Sudan.

T: +249 183 780291 / 782185. F: +249 183 775347 - info@miggroup.net

MIG Consultant

Dr. Osama Ali Abuzied, Tel (W): +249 15 5160835, Tel (M): +249 922274258 Fax : +249 183 225236 - email: info@miggroup.net

Industry and Trade

MIG Motors Co deals in automotive market and became the sole agent of SKODA vehicles with the actual sales begun in 2002. Since then, the company has been growing fast with breaking through in sales gaining a considerable market share. Thanks to its after sales services with its own maintenance workshop, healthy working capital, payment facilities and efficiency of management and sales staff. Motivated by the recent fast growing of the construction sector, MIG Construction Co was established with the philosophy of providing environment friendly buildings suitable for the uniqueness of the Sudanese weather. Its aim is to contribute in the development of the country’s infrastructure and housing sector using the most advanced construction technology.

MIG Consultancy Center is providing consultancy services to the companies of the group in addition to the local business community and foreign investors. With its highly qualified consultants and computer facilities, it is conducting feasibility studies, projects evaluation, data analysis and performance assessments.

As a car rental company, MIG Lemozine Co was established in 2003 with a current fleet of about 100 vehicles containing 4WDs, trucks, buses, pickups, station-wagons, and sedans. It became the sole dealer of EUROPCAR in 2004, which is the one of leading international car rental companies. Europcar, founded in 1949, operates in 143 countries at 2,825 locations with a fleet of over 200,000 vehicles.

With the joint venture with Jumbo Electronics of UAE, Jumbo-MIG Co became in 2005 the sole distributor for the entire range of the state-of the arts products of SONY brands in Sudan. Partnership with world’s leading brand like SONY has opened the door for the globalization of the group to a new international market.

In 1999, MIG succeeded to posses the major shares of Blue Nile Bank (75%) and its chairman became the chairman of the bank after the merger with Mashreg bank (UAE) in 2002 with a share of 62% creating Blue Nile Mashreg Bank, one of the most powerful financial private institutions in Sudan.

MIG Exchange is one of the MIG group’s dedicated to foreign exchange and money transfers services to individuals and companies that work in international trade and foreign currencies. MIG Exchange constantly

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expands its network with new branches in Sudan to maintain its presence as a major Sudanese player in the realm of foreign exchange and fund transfers.

The last company of the group is MigTech or MIG Technology is a software and IT outsourcing provider, supplying Information IT equipment, and services to a broad range of customers. MigTech is the only Sudan-based organization to offer total IT and communication solutions to both Sudan and international markets.

The company is now focusing its development on agriculture and constructions and use the comparative advantage of Sudan in agriculture and minerals: cheap labor, land and water. In fact, according to the Vice President, Sudan is the best place to invest for gold and agriculture.

It fights against corruption and put emphasis on transparency in its activities. It has a professional, educated and experienced staff that conducts business in an ethical way, sticking to the values of the company.

MIG is looking for international partners and jointventures, particularly for its agricultural activities.

The strategy is to promote its present companies.

The Vice President of MIG truly believes Sudan is a safe and promising country where high profits can be made.

“Due mainly to its booming oil industry and after-war reconstruction projects, Sudan is experiencing a challenging process of peace and development with its rapid growth of the economy and of being the most attractive country for foreign investment in Africa.

To cope with these challenges, MIG has grown substantially from a family business towards a more powerful structured corporate group of companies.

The power of the group comes from its vision of the future and its evidence-based policies and strategies. We value our customers, providing them the quality high technology products and services, by creating partnerships with world’s leading brands of companies; we raise their standard of living and strengthen our corporation in the era of globalization.

We are determined to continuously diversify our activities and expand into new markets. You trust us and we definitely keep gratitude.”

Mohamed Ismail Mohamed Chairman & Managing Director

PUBLIC WORKS

As-sawaiy ma h’addath A doer is never a great talker Sudanese proverb

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Public Works

Lack of investment in infrastructure during the civil war in Sudan and physical damage caused to facilities has resulted in a fragile infrastructure support for the country. Sudan’s road system requires substantial improvement and investment; the country has few paved roads (approximately 2,600 miles of paved roadway out of roughly 7,500 miles of total roadway) and only two major highways – the first linking Port Sudan with Khartoum, and the second linking Khartoum with Juba. There are other highways still under construction such as the North Life Line extending form Omdurman to Karima, Dongola and Halfa to connect the Sudan with Egypt.

The work in the aforementioned roads has made good progress, although the civil war, the economic embargo and the withdrawal of foreign aid led to delay in their completion. The National Corporation for Roads and Bridges and the Sudanese-Bulgarian Company are leading activity in the main road sector.

Road building in towns has been active recently with the asphalting of many roads and the building of bridges throughout Khartoum. The government has begun to connect the western, eastern, southern and northern parts of the country via a road network.

There are roads under construction, roads in the design phase and roads undergoing feasibility studies, so there are many exciting opportunities for investment in the construction of roads.

Bridges across the Nile and its tributaries play a strategic role in the unity of the country. Shambat Bridge connects the industrial town of Khartoum North with Omdurman. There are also bridges on the reservoirs of Sennar, Roseries on the Blue Nile and Jebel Awilyya on the White Nile. Work has also begun on El Giraif Bridge east of Manshiyya and a plan was made to establish three new bridges in Khartoum state.

The nation’s railways are in better shape, and much more extensive. The country boasts one of the longest rail networks in Africa with more than 3,500 miles of railway, but it is also suffering from lack of investment and currently handles only a fraction of the freight it carried in the 1970s. At present, Malaysian and Turkish companies are performing field surveys to establish new rail lines between Port Sudan and Khartoum via Atbara, as well as two other lines to Sennar. The work in these sectors has already commenced. The private sector began investing in railways when the Sudanese Free Markets Company provided 100 locomotives.

The physical development in the country clearly reflects its double-the-world-average population growth, and the demographic distributional issues

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that accompany such growth. Since the 1970s, vertical construction has flourished. It is a concept that was unheard of beforehand, due to the vast size of the country and the variation in the sources of income from agriculture, animal herding and mobile trade. Horizontal housing has become a more important feature of housing extensions in the national capital and its suburbs. The government managed to fulfil housing plans in the last ten years which surpassed what has been achieved in town planning since independence. There are still clearly substantial needs in the construction of housing facilities in Khartoum and the rest of the country.

ROADS AND BRIDGES NATIONAL COMPANY Eng. Mohamed A.M. Nur General Director PO Box 2809, Khartoum Tel: + 249 01208 74989 Fax: + 249 18322 9967 Activity: Construction and maintenance of roads and bridges Date of Creation: 1950 Turnover: over 5 million USD Ownership: mixed No. Employees: 230 The Roads and Bridges National Company was created about 60 years ago. It used to be fully responsible for the maintenance of roads and bridges and was entirely public but now, even though the ministry of finance is the main shareholder, many foreign companies have partial ownership. The maintenance of the local transportation network is now shared with other companies.

Plus, the Roads and Bridges National Company is looking for other foreign partners. As the company is quite old, it is well known and well established in Sudan. It deals with local but also international contractors and is active in all the territory, including Darfur, Obayid, Sinai and the area of Khartoum.

Thus, it offers a wide coverage and investors can find a good foundation.

The Roads and Bridges National Company is profitable and still has opportunities for growth. As Eng. Mohamed Nur declares, “construction and maintenance are endless products”, especially here in Sudan with a 1million square kilometers territory.

He adds that “some efforts have to be made but this activity represents an attractive investment”.

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Public Works

Roads construction

SUDAN PILE FOR ROADS AND BRIDGES ElSadig Osman Ibrahim General Manager Riyad Area-Maka Street- BLC 14-House 47, Khartoum Tel: + 249 155 189035 / 189036 / 189037 / 189038 Fax: + 249 155 189036 / 189037 / 189038 info@sudanpile.net www.sudanpile.net Activity: public works Date of Creation: 1994 Sudanese Piling and Contracting Company (SPRB) was established in 1994 as a private joint-stock company. In 1999 SPRB registered a Business name called “Sudan Pile for Roads and Bridges – (SPRB)”. SPRB started its contracting activities in the area of pile testing, pile foundation design and pile construction. In 1995 SPRB signed its first contract for provision of earth moving equipment to State Petroleum Corporation (SPC) at Higleig and Unity oil fields, provision of earth moving equipment continued with SPC and expanded to include other petroleum corporations like Greater Nile Petroleum Operating Company (GNPOC), White Nile Petroleum Operating Company (WNPOC) PetroDar Operating Company (PDOC), and China Petroleum Engineering & Construction Company (CPECC).

The increasing volume of work encouraged SPRB to increase the number and variety of machinery of its earth moving fleet.

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Along with pile construction and earth moving contracts, SPRB has also developed capabilities in construction of bridges, reinforced concrete structures, buildings, steel structures and foundation for power transmission towers.

Recently SPRB acquired the necessary equipment and employed qualified staff for water well drilling soil investigations jobs, purchasing of Asphalt Plant, Crushing Plant & Mechanical Sieves for Asphalt Concrete Road Construction.

As a national company established by professional engineers, the company has the following objectives: - Contribute in the development of the national industry in the field of civil engineering works.

- To sustain its leadership in the field of pile and soil investigations through expansion of the present plant and introduction of new technology and equipment.

- As a pioneer Sudanese national company, it is targeting the strategic tasks in the field of oil production. This is being achieved through expansion of machinery fleet, employing and retaining competent engineers, technicians and skilled labour, developing management skills and making available the required finance to implement projects.

- Customer satisfaction through offering different services at cost effective prices and conduct the business with honesty, integrity and professionalism.

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INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

Al-galam ma bizeel balam Literacy does not conquer stupidity Sudanese proverb

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Information Communication Technology

International telecommunications in the country are modern and provide high-quality links to the rest of the world. The remarkable transformation and achievements witnessed in the sector, coupled with the growing and diversifying use of ICT services including those of the Internet and its applications have been a success story that has elevated Sudan to be renowned as one of the most developed in Africa, if not in the Arab world. But the market is still considered to be virgin and huge investment opportunities exist and shall explode with the full realization of peace and stability throughout the country. The telecommunication sector currently has an annual growth of 30%, making it the fastest growing in the world, and creating a capital-attracting, pro-competitive policy environment that is fostering the build-up of a modern, fully-digital infrastructure.

MAIN COMPANIES MTN Manchyia east 60th ave, block 64 district 1D, Elgerief west, PO Box 346 11111 Khartoum Tel : +249 183 745566 Fax : +249 923 222000 www.mtn.com Date of Creation: 2005 No. Employees: 900 MTN started the operations in Sudan under the name of Arriba around 2005. Then, around 2006, MTN acquired one of the subsidiaries of Invescon.

Invescon had by that time around twelve operations in the Middle East and Africa, mainly in Yemen, Syria, Cyprus, Sudan, Ghana, Guinea Conakry, Nigeria, and Benin. By this acquisition MTN became a group of 21 operations around Middle East and Africa where in the Middle East they got the new Iran operation, and Nigeria and South Africa in Africa.

They also had new small operations in Rwanda, Zambia, Swaziland, etc.

When MTN entered Sudan, it was one of the main operations for the company because it was one of the few remaining underpenetrated markets at that time, and even until now.

There is still a lot of potential to grow in the market because the penetration in 2009 was around 35%, whereas in other African countries the normal standard is around 60-70%. There are two other operators competing in the market, Sudani and Zain (for GSM operators). There are other GSM

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operators but they are licensed to work only in the South (Vivacel and Gentel). There are two fixed lines operators, Sudatel and Canar (which is both land line and mobile). But there are still a lot of things to do and a big number of subscribers to acquire. MTN Sudan has a 28% market share in a 19 million persons market with average revenue per user of USD7.

MTN Sudan’s distributors have more than 8 500 points of sale in the country. They have commenced work on revamping the sales and distribution channels, with opportunities identified beyond greater Khartoum, in southern Sudan and across rural areas. MTN Sudan’s network now covers 45,3% of the population, up from 42,8% at the end of 2007.

MTN Sudan implemented a new staff development and succession plan during the year to attract and retain key talent, and also revised remuneration to be in line with the market.

The size of the Sudanese telecoms market is expected to grow significantly in the next five years.

This will be driven by higher uptake in areas outside the capital, Khartoum, where MTN Sudan continues to roll-out infrastructure. MTN intends to grow its share of mobile revenue by growing its subscriber base. Within the next 3 to 5 years, MTN would like to be in every little village in the country. Their strategy is to reach 90 to 95% population coverage, in addition to keep on pushing the market in terms of innovative products. That will allow the people from all segments to have access to the mobile phones.

From the bottom of the pyramids to highest segment.

One of the main points of the strategy of MTN is to develop the societies where it is working. When they are involved in the development of the economy and the society, by the end they develop the business.

This is why one of the main entities in any MTN operation is the MTN CSR department. They also have an NGO, the MTN foundation. MTN invests in cultural and sports events and develop microfinance activities for women. This is one of the last activities they have launched in Sudan. So far, they were able to finance a lot of activities driven by women, or for women who didn’t have an activity at all: to sell recharges, to have their own paid phone… so they finance it for them to be able to do business. So far the result is good. There is also a water project, Karima project, where MTN finances an access to water in the region. And every year they have the “21 y’ello days” where all the employees participate in social activities like cleaning the public places or taking care of the elderly.

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Information Communication Technology

CANAR Ihab Omer Imam TL/Public relations - Marketing Haj&Omra Building, Al Sahafa/Madani Road, Block No 37, PO Box 8182, Khartoum Tel: + 249Â 155 550000 / 155 550001 Fax: + 249Â 155 550055 i.omer@canar.com.sd www.canar.sd Activity: telecommunications Date of Creation: 2005 Ownership:private (Etisalat subsidiary) Canar is a young and dynamic provider of communications services established in April 2005 in the name of Canar Telecommunication Co. Limited.

Canar uses cutting edge technologies such as Next Generation Network (NGN) and Wireless Loop (WLL). Their products and services include voice, data, internet and multi media services. Canar is in the forefront of operators being one of the few to deploy NGN as the base of the network and is one of the first to do so in Africa.

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The Canar headquarters building in Khartoum

The company focuses on establishing and sustaining a customer-centric organization, providing high quality and innovative communications services through state of the art infrastructure and a team of professionals, continuously developing, motivating and empowering their people and to achieve profitable growth for all the stakeholders.

The aim of Canar is to build a long term partnership with its customers and to help them succeed in their

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business. The success of the company is based on its ability to sustain long-lasting mutually beneficial relationships with those they conduct business with.

Activity: telecommunications Date of Creation: 2003 Ownership: joint venture public/private

Even though it is the newest comer on the market, the company enjoys a 60% market share in landlines in Sudan and further growth is still expected. Its coverage is steadily increasing thanks to huge efforts in the extension of the fibre optic backbone.

Rasilat Links is a joint-venture between Alrasilat for Trading & Services Co. Ltd, owned by Sudan News Agency (SUNA) and United Links Company, a private entity specialized in communications. Rasilat Links was established in 2003 to provide communications services and information technology.

ONE SUDANI

Thanks to its ownership structure, it benefits from the flexibility of the private sector and the privileges of the public sector. As an outcome of combining the resources of United Links and SUNA , Rasilat Links owns a perfect infrastructure that act as platform to implement IT, telecommunications and multimedia projects in different realms.

Emmanuel Hamez CEO Higleig Commercial Tower, Building No. 499, Block No 65, Ebaid Khatim Street, Reyad PO Box 11155, Khartoum Tel: + 249 120 120993 / 183 221111 Fax: + 249 183 231111 hamez@sudatel.sd / www.sudani.sd Activity: telecommunications SUDANI is the mobile arm of Sudatel Group (STG) of Companies in Sudan. Sudani one of the leading mobile and broadband service providers to consumers and businesses in Sudan. STG is a leading regional telecommunication provider with presence in more than four African countries.

In an increasingly connected world, Sudani aims to be at the forefront of leading the telecommunication change in Sudan and the region. It is the first telecommunication company in Sudan to deploy 3.75G. The company also operates in Mauritania, Senegal, Nigeria and Ghana.

Sudani uses a different technology compared to its competitors: CDMA instead of GSM and thus claims to have a higher quality of sound, a better network coverage and a more important capacity.

Sudani has many corporate social activities in sports, sciences, religion to improve the economy and the lives of its community.

RASILAT LINKS Elshiekh Mustafa Elamin General Manager Gomhoria Street, SUNA Building. 8th Floor, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 789987 / 789986 / 7 89997 Fax: + 249 183 790693 elshiekhe@rasilatlinks.com

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RasilatLinks assists companies and organizations on deciding how to add mobility to their business.

RasilatLinks offers consultancy and development services to network operators and service providers, enabling them to maximize technology, keep up with market trends and offer value-added services to their customers.

RasilatLinks is a pioneering company in Sudan in the field of offering SMS(Short Message Service) platform, enabling private and public entities like Open University Sudan to benefit from its messaging platform.

Rasilat Links is implementing a SMS project in collaboration with GSM operators to provide the customers with short messages news. It offers its services to the banking sector, schools and educational institutes to help them convey their messages and increase the interaction with the community.

Rasilat Links is complying to the ISO 9001-2000 standards to the main stream of its business which leads to ensuring customer satisfaction.

SUDATEL Eng. Emad Hussein CEO Sudatel Tower, Building 9A, Block 2 West, PO Box 11155, Khartoum Tel: +249 120 120001 Fax: +249 120 120002 info@sudatel.sd www.sudatel.sd

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Information Communication Technology

In March 1993, under the denationalization policy led by the government, the National Wire and Wireless Corporation was replaced by a public share company called the Sudan Telecommunications Company (Sudatel).

The goals of Sudatel are to: - Comprehensively provide developed information and communication services using the latest technology to meet the developmental infrastructure needs of the nation - Use the latest up-to-date technology to broaden the telecommunication coverage; to raise their operational network capacity and to turn out highly qualified personnel - Improve their network quantitatively and qualitatively - Emerge as a carrier for regional traffic between Africa and the rest of the world - Boost the company’s continued success, making profits and competing internationally - Expand their service base to cover remote areas by using the most modern technology Thanks to its rapid development, Sudatel has gained a good reputation in the region and is now well-known on the stock-markets of Abu Dhabi and Bahrain.

The company has been the most active share businesses on the Khartoum Stock Exchange since 1997. It attracts Sudanese, Arab and foreign investors and has about 10000 shareholders, including fourteen local banks and more than 80 regional Sudanese companies.

Sudatel is the second Arabian communication company to be awarded the ISO certificate and the first company in the Middle-East to change from an analog to a digital system. Since 1999, the company uses 2 million dollars of its profit share every year to support social welfare community projects in health, water and orphan care.

Sudatel actively participates to keep the comprehensive development of the company moving forward. This has become an important means to attract foreign investors in different major sectors; such as the petroleum industry, agriculture, security, health and education. Nowadays, the economy allows for an ease of information transference at all levels. Communication technology is the main vehicle towards globalization. The digital network covers the entire Sudan with fibre-opitic reach of more than 7000 kilometers and the company covers more than 700 towns and villages.

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Since its inception, Sudatel has employed a strategy designed to attain the highest national and international standards. The regional telecommunications traffic link has been established

by Sudatel, through underwater cables from Sudan to Saudi Arabia and to Ethiopia. Sudatel extends its fiber-optic network to Egypt thus reaching the Arab World and Europe. Besides which, Sudatel has contributed in East Africa cable network from Sudan to South Africa through the India Ocean and in crossing the White Nile to link Kenya and Uganda.

ZAIN Elfatih M. Erwa Managing Director Mogran, Alghaba Street, Khartoum Tel: +249 183 746060 / 741618 / 741619 Fax: +249 183 741616 corporate@sd.zain.com www.sd.zain.com Activity: telecommunications Date of Creation: 1997 Ownership: Zain Group No. Employees: 1196 Roaming: Agreements with more than 366 operators worldwide!

One Network: The first borderless mobile phone network. This service allows you to make outgoing calls at local rates, recharge by using the local recharge cards, receive incoming calls for a minimum charge & Access home network service (Voice mail, customer care, credit transfer). One network service is available in: Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Jordan, Iraq, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Nigeria, Niger, Chad, Malawi, Gabon, Malawi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Congo Brazzaville, Burkina Faso & Mobinil Egypt.

Number of Employees: 1178.

Market Share: 60 % of the Sudanese market as a premium GSM Services Provider, as of July, 2010.

Zain in Sudan (formerly Mobitel) is the pioneer of GSM services in Sudan, for being the first in providing mobile telecom services back in February 1997. Today it serves the largest number of mobile customers in the country with 9.1 million active customers as of July 2010. Â Zain (then known as Mobitel) was a joint venture between the Sudanese Telephone Company Ltd and

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several private shareholders until 2006, when it was fully acquired by the Zain Group (formerly MTC) as part of its strategy of becoming first a regional, then a global telecom entity. The acquisition of 61% of Mobitel from Sudatel was valued at US$ 1.332 billion

Zain has since invested more than $800 million in Zain’s network expansion and improvement; in a move to realize the objectives of providing coverage to 86 per cent of Sudan’s population, with more than 1700 sites, and is the first operator in the country to cover the whole of South Sudan and the three States of Darfur, in addition to deploying 3 and 3.5G networks in major cities for Data services, which is considered the main strategy for 2010.

In its ongoing development, Zain has engaged more than 600 new employees within an advanced plan to further enhance the company’s performance, in addition to continuously engaging employees in training programs to enhance their performance and keep them up to date with World’s current trends for running the Company in an ever efficient manner.

Zain undertakes a serious role in corporate social responsibility and allocates a considerable annual fund to support worthy causes and projects that benefit the Sudanese community. The sectors of community and social development adopted by Zain are: Health; Education; Skills Development/Training and the Conservation of the Environment in all Provinces/States of the vast and outstretched Country of Sudan.

The telecommunications sector is highly competitive in Sudan with key 3 players. How may this be viewed? What potential is there for growth?

Sudan is a vast country therefore a fourth entrant to the telecom market will be accommodated when a solid infrastructure is in place. Currently the mobile network in Sudan covers merely 40%.

We, at Zain, believe that putting a mobile handset in every hand is a positive indication of development and it is undeniable that how a well connected community can encourage a country’s progress. If we operate in such an advanced country, we can progress smoothly; the world of mobile communication is limitless in terms of services provided to subscribers, and with our solid and secure infrastructure we can certainly multiply our services and subscribers.

The potential for growth is believed to be in data communications and Zain is planning to vastly increase its data services in this year.

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It is claimed in Zain’s mission statement that it drives the Sudanese economy forward, how does it do this?

Zain is one of the biggest companies in Sudan and thus it makes large contributions to Sudan’s economical growth. Furthermore it contributes indirectly by supplying the country with a highly advanced communication network which shortens the long distances and reduces communication time. This is in addition to equipping the national workforce with highly qualified specialists, as Zain invests heavily in advancing its employees. A considerable proportion of Zain’s budget is allocated to the training of employees.

Zain creates employment in an unorthodox way. In one of our investigations we found out that whenever a Zain tower is constructed, the economy in the area around the mast is automatically boosted by 20-30% due to the trade created in selling top-up vouchers. This means that the virtual presence of Zain can be described as an economy driver/developer.

Moreover there is the element of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), which forms a significant part of our strategy. Zain has always been involved in Social Development, because an advanced community is a healthy place for undertaking business. Zain performs CSR in the following sectors: health, education, skills, development (capacity building) and environmental conservation. These are in addition to other fields of community support in which Zain has been involved, to name but a few examples: Zain has constructed a modern and fully equipped hospital with a gynecology department in Northern Kordofan, maintained renovated and supplied several schools in Southern Sudan, constructed a state of the art arrival hall in Khartoum International Airport and partnered with several Universities in the Country in diverse areas of higher education.

What tools/policies are used to motivate the workforce at Zain?

Zain Sudan is committed to ensuring a positive work and learning environment, where all employees are treated fairly and with respect; individually regardless of their grade or social status.

Zain Sudan Talent Management Strategies recognize that people are an organization’s greatest strength to provide competitive advantage. Several programs have been implemented to attract fresh talents as well as to develop and deploy internal talent to meet objectives in a changing economic context. The programs aim to develop the key business behaviors for effectiveness and success in business in an ever increasingly competitive environment.

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Information Communication Technology

Zain is classified as a successful example of foreign investor in Sudan, what advice could you extend to a would-be investor?

Sudan has proven to be a positive investment environment, with a quick and secure ROI. But investments do differ from one field to another. The investment in communication is certainly feasible and practical. It is believed that the most valuable outcome in this investment is the clear benefits extended to all stakeholders. Zain has made history in Sudan, as demonstrated by a top Darfur official who once confessed to a Zain Executive: “I cannot, however hard I try, recall how the government was administered 10 years ago when there was no mobile communication!”

Therefore, if there is a piece of advice to be extended to a would-be investor in Sudan, it should be: go ahead.

The results are positive for everyone.

How do you view Zain Sudan in the near future?

I would like to see Zain Sudan embedded in the hearts of all customers here. I also would like to transfer this mobile service of today into a selection of services to help all our customers to live their lives in a faster and more efficient way.

I believe that each and every single customer can benefit from Zain because the company has all the possible means and know-how to achieve. In return, it would be nice to see that Zain has succeeded in capturing a piece of those satisfied customers’ hearts!

Zain can offer state of the art technologies; I can tell you that my personal dream would be to get X amount of market share, launch X amount of services, etc... but without the customers and reaching out to people, this wouldn’t be the case. So my real personal dream is that the mobile becomes part of the modern lifestyle of all Sudanese. Today’s telecommunication is increasingly adding more value to all stakeholders concerned.

Zinanet Communications & Computer Company was created in October 2000, to introduce a new standard of excellence in computing and data communication. The company started with the aim of providing internet services and developing fully integrated IT solutions for corporate customers, deploying the latest technologies developed by the most well known vendors; employing well-trained, highly experienced staff. The services cover a wide range of computing domains: - Internet services: Zinanet is one of the best established ISP in Sudan.

- Web hosting: Zinanet provides multiple web hosting solutions that suit most applications.

- Networking solution: ZinaNet provides full solutions for both local and wide area networks.

They deploy the products of Lucent Technologies, Extreme Networks, Cache Flow, Superior Modular interconnection devices for voice, data and video applications, and Orinoco products for wireless solutions.

- Hardware and peripherals: it is the only reseller for Tulip computers, Conception and Kyocera Mita Corporation.

- Software development: ZinaNet provides full software solutions covering all IT needs. This includes: ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), CRM (Customer Relationship Management), Web-based systems, e-commerce & B2B solutions, large-scale databases, Web Designing and security solutions.

- Consultancy.

During the past years the company has proved to be highly reliable and trustworthy.

ZinaNet clients belong to different categories: government, companies, banks, international organizations and individuals.

ZINANET Abdullah Akoud and Mohammed Ibrahim Directors Al Qasr Avenue, Khartoum Tel: +249 183 794309 Fax: +249 183 794310 abdallah@zinanet.net mibrahim@zinanet.net www.zinanet.net Activity: telecommunications Date of Creation: 2000 Ownership:private

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TOURISM INDUSTRY

Ida buleetum fastatiru If you are destined by God to sin, hide it Sudanese proverb 123

Tourism Industry

Sudan has a plethora of tourist resources as a result of its largely untainted sweeping natural landscape.

It is regarded as one of the richest African countries in regards to wildlife, birds and riverside scenery, which in turn encourages further tourism investment.

In order to do so, the Ministry of Tourism participates in many international trade fairs and exhibition, like the Fitur in Spain, or the tourism fairs of other European countries and promotes its assets through brochures.

The climate in Sudan is characterised by geographic diversity – ranging from arid in the north to tropical wet-and-dry in the far southwest – but not for its fluctuation: moderate all year round in the Red Sea area, especially in the highlands such as Erkwiet Summer Resort.

The message conveyed is that Sudan is an “exceptional destination”, with many attractions, unlike other countries. They rely on four pillars: Water: with the red sea for beaches and diving, and the blue and the white Niles

Tourism activity has thrived in Sudan since the dawn of independence with the country’s limited resources being strategically used so as to project Sudan’s outstanding tourist portfolio to the outside world. The General Administration of Wildlife has established many game parks and reserves so as to ensure the protection and conservation of wildlife, particularly in the game reserves of Nemolie, Booma, Al-Zaraf in the southern states, rightly recognising them as a national resource to be treasured and passed on to the coming generations.

While Sudan’s tourist hotspots are spread throughout every corner of the land, there are a high concentration of destinations along the Red Sea Coast, which extends for more than 700 kilometres and is characterised by its many tourist activity spots, such as diving and underwater photography, as well as boat-rowing and water-skiing. The coast also has a number of picturesque gulfs and stunning coral reefs as the area is free from the contamination and pollution which spoils many seas and other marine bodies around the world.

MINISTRY OF TOURISM AND WILD LIFE Ali Mahgoub Atta Al Manan Undersecretary Street 39, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183482626 Fax: + 249 183472854 admin@sudan-tourism.gov.sd www.sudan-tourism.gov.sd The Ministry of Tourism and Wild Life, together with some advisers from the UN, is working on a master plan to develop tourism in Sudan. The main objectives of this plan are to plan the development of tourism, promote the Sudanese touristic attractions, train the Sudanese people involved in tourist activities and link Sudan with international organizations in the field of tourism.

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Historical sites: there are more than 400 archeological sites in Sudan, from the Nubian civilization Wild life: Sudan has the biggest national park with many species of reptiles, insects and birds Cultural attractions: more than 500 different tribes live in Sudan which gives the country a wide variety of cultures and traditions.

All these touristic attractions are gathered together in just one country. Plus, Sudan is famous for its hospitality and its population welcomes the foreigners very warmly.

The Ministry of Tourism and Wildlife has several missions: • Encourage tourism and draw national plans for promoting tourism and developing tourism resources to enlarge national economics, and promoting communications between nations, • Define reserves and protect national tourism sites and develop them • Arrange standards and technical provisions and issuance of appropriate licenses, in collaboration with the appropriate entities • Issuance of licenses for business tourism activities at a national and international level, for companies registered under the National Companies Act • Issuance of “launch activities” for national tourism projects, approved under the valid Investment Act • Promote tourism culture in corporation with appropriate entities, and raise standards of tourism staff • Coordinate with all levels to monitor tourism institutions, ensure their quality, and comply with technical standards in accordance with regulations • Lay down comprehensive plan of tourism information and marketing • Provide tourism base, infrastructure and main services to attract investors in collaboration with governance level • Encourage establishing tourism and hotel schools

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Tourism Industry

Sudan offers wonderful landscapes

to train the staff of tourism, hotel sector and travel services • Collaborate with States to settle plans to develop tourism at state level

AL SALAM ROTANA Ghassan Dalal General Manager PO Box 12290 Khartoum Tel: + 249 1 8700 7777 Fax: + 249 1 8700 7136 alsalam.hotel@rotana.com www.rotana.com Activity: hotel Date of Creation: 2007 When stepping into the latest 5-star Rotana property in Sudan, Al Salam Rotana, guests are embraced with a unique blend of traditional Arabian Hospitality and breathtaking luxury, simply the perfect lodging place from both business & leisure.

Just 3km from Khartoum International Airport and 15-minute drive from down town Khartoum, Close to Afra Shopping Mall

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Rooms Each of the 236 luxurious rooms and suites are elegantly designed with your comfort and convenience in mind, and are supported by an excellent array of services. Every room is fitted with high speed Internet connection, multi channel flat screen satellite television, IDD telephone with voicemail and mini safe.

Type of rooms: Royal Suite, Club Rotana Suite, Classic Suite, Club Rotana Rooms and Classic Rooms Club Rotana Club Rotana presents the business executive with a host of facilities, including exclusive use of Club Rotana lounge, complimentary breakfast, afternoon tea and evening pre-dinner mocktails and canapĂŠs.

Conference & Banqueting When it comes to Conference and Banqueting, Al Salam Rotana offers the state-of-the-art facilities with the largest and finest banquets in the city. It is the ultimate venue for hosting memorable conventions, conferences, meetings and special occasions.

Outlets Al Salam Rotana prides itself on the authenticity of its special restaurants and the details shown in their surroundings.

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AL NUBA RESTAURANT, an all-day dining restaurant, offering delicious specialties throughout the day including a daily buffet for breakfast, lunch and dinner.

and their relaxing atmosphere, the Grill, an authentic steakhouse, and the Africa Kiosk, in the hotel’s gardens.

CITY CAFÉ, ideal for an informal get-together over a cup of coffee on just for a delicious afternoon tea.

AQUARIUS Pool Bar & Restaurant that offers mouth watering mocktails and light snack menu.

Many other facilities are available, like the Sabratha Spa and its indoor pool, Jacuzzi, steam, sauna and Turkish hammam to relax, or the tennis and squash courts, hairdressing and beauty salons and the gymnasium. The commercial complex at the Burj Al-Fateh is a shopping destination with three floors gathering more than 40 premium retail offerings and a food court. It is ideally located adjacent to the hotel.

Business Center Business Center with workstations and professional secretarial support services to cater to all business needs.

Bodylines A fully equipped gymnasium, sauna, steam and massage center. Moreover, you can burn your calories at our swimming pool or through work sessions.

BURJ AL-FATEH HOTEL Volker Mandlowky General Manager Nile Road, PO Box 11042, Khartoum Tel: + 249 (0) 156 555 555 Fax: + 249 (0) 156 555 556 info@burjalfateh.com www.burjalfateh.com Activity: Hotel Date of Creation: 2005 Burj Al-Fateh complex sits on the meeting point of the Blue and White Niles and is in the centre of Khartoum’s commercial, business and administrative districts. It stands as a highly visible statement of the country’s growing economic success. The hotel is the ideal environment for the discerning corporate traveler.

The 173 rooms and 57 suites of the hotel offer panoramic views of Khartoum and the Nile, the latest automation systems and sophisticated business facilities to meet the needs of today’s traveler. The unique shaped Executive Rooms feature a new interior with warm, modern and sleek furnishings appealing to contemporary trends, along with inroom entertainment comprising of 32-inch LCD television screens.

The hotel also offers a large selection of restaurants and cafés: the Rickshaw, with authentic Asian cuisine, is the highest restaurant in Khartoum, the Mugran Restaurant and its panoramic view on Khartoum, the Café Khartoum, the Nile River Café

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Burj Al-Fateh is also the perfect place for businessmen. The Tripoli conference centre hosts many events and the meeting room can welcome up to 1200 people in a sophisticated décor with all the multimedia equipment necessary.

CORAL Graham A. Cadman General Manager Gamma Street, PO Box 1910, Khartoum Tel: + 249 1 83774100 / Fax: + 249 1 83775662 g.cadman@coral-khartoum.com www.coral-khartoum.com Activity: Hotel Date of Creation: 2005 The Coral Khartoum belongs to a 34 year old chain of hotels based in Dubai. The Coral Khartoum opened in 2005 in the building that used to be the Hilton and the Pullman hotels.

It has 272 rooms, half of them, the premium rooms, are fully renovated and the other half offer a more classic kind of rooms. There are classic and renovated presidential suites. This wide range of styles makes the Coral a “2 in 1” hotel.

The Coral Khartoum benefits from a wonderful staff who has been working there for up to 30 years as this building is an institution in Khartoum. It hosts people sponsored by local companies as its reputation is well established in Sudan.

The Coral will also open a new branch in Port Sudan, due to the always increasing number of tourists in the area. Thanks to the large network of Coral Hotels, the customers can benefit with frequent guest advantages or loyalty cards. The vision of Coral is to offer value for money and friendly service.

The motto is to “treat all the guests as VIPs”.

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INTERCONTINENTAL TRAVEL Simon M. Aziz General Manager 9 El Nazir Building, Gamhoria Street, PO Box 862, Khartoum, Sudan Tel: + 249 183 779369 / 779254 / 774583 Fax: + 249 183 779251 simonaziz@intercontinentalkrt.com www.intercontinentalkrt.com Activity: travel agency Date of Creation: 1979 Number of employees: 23 Intercontinental Travels is one of the most reputed and well-established travel agencies in Sudan. It has been established since 1979 and is IATA approved, having worked as General Sales Agents (GSA) for Air India and Air France. The company was approved as a Passenger Sales Agent (PSA) by IATA in 1983 under IATA approval No. 79-2 00181.

Currently Intercontinental Travels is the sole official GSA and distributor in Sudan for the following international companies: - THOMAS COOK EGYPT for Sudan (TCEGSA) which is one of the largest international tour operators and package sellers in the world. www.thomascookegypt.com - British Midland International (bmi); the second largest airline in London Heathrow. www.flybmi.com - Flight Centre Management (FCm) – Global Corporate Account Management Company www.fcm.travel Intercontinental Travels during the last thirty-one years became experienced in the various fields of GSA handling, reservations, ticketing, packages, car rentals, hotel reservations, meet and assist, and other related travel arrangements such as entry visa, transit visa, and transit accommodation. Accordingly, they have become well known to most international and local organizations, government sectors, embassies, oil companies, universities, banks, commercial and construction companies.

They are financially solid with high credibility among their customers as well as airlines operating in Sudan and few offline carriers.

Intercontinental Travels’ operations and duties are fulfilled and supported through its head office located at 9 El Nazir Building, Gamohria Street in Khartoum

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Business City Centre, with a total working area of 234 square meters; equipped with a unique raised access flooring system with offices at the ground and first floor.

Intercontinental Travels employs highly experienced staff who can provide outstanding and competent services, they are extremely qualified, efficient, friendly and motivated. They are aided by the latest computerized fare calculation system, namely Amadeus, that ensures exact reservations and lowest available air fares at all times for both international and domestic tickets. The Accounts Department is aided by E-Travel 2000 Back up Office Travel Management System (TMS) by a Dell Main Server which is one of the most advanced programs used by the most reputable agencies in the world.

OLYMPIA TRAVEL AGENCY Munir Lamy Ayad General Manager Al Qasr Street, Abulela New Building, PO Box 2068, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 780092 Fax: + 249 183 781241 olympiatravel@olympiasd.com www.olympiasd.com Activity: travel agency Date of Creation: 1970 No. Employees: 83 Olympia Travel Agency is the largest travel agency in Sudan and is internationally recognized by IATA GENEVE, SWITZERLAND since November 1970.

Olympia Travel Agency is specialized in handling business travel, and was recognized as CARLSON WAGONLIT REPRESENTATIVE in Khartoum for more than 23 years.

They have been serving the market in Sudan over more than 40 years, corporate accounts and retail travel agencies have come to rely on them for our professional and trustworthy services. The strength of their relationships with dependable suppliers, and the sheer volume of their business classified Olympia Travel Agency as number one in market ranking with market share more than 20% in volume of business among all other travel agencies in Sudan.

Olympia Travel Agency had been recognised as general sales representative (GSR) for MARRIOTT

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Hotel worldwide making bookings in 3*, 4* and 5* by Marriott hotel chain which consist of 13 different type of hotels and resorts.

Olympia Travel Agency head office selling counter is operated by six professional officers supervised

by MR. Adam Mohamed Mahgoub, the most experienced and professional in reservation and ticketing, with a 40 year experience.

Olympia Travel Agency manpower consist of 83 employees, 32 of them are professional counter staff in the field of travel services, supported by 16 Public Relation officers and drivers fully equipped with motorbike, vehicles and cell phones. This team is moving between all implant offices and airlines enabling the counter staff to accomplish the requested services from the clients.

The highly qualified and trained staffs are in a position to offer the best advice in the travel field, and are also able to communicate in English. Beside their qualified staff, Olympia acquired AMADEUS reservation system (GDS) which enables the company to get Airlines cheapest fares and book for Hotel Reservation, Car Rental and Credit Card Approval, also place booking for offline Airlines outside Sudan.

They work more hours when most of the Airlines offices in Khartoum are closed. Immediate response to emergencies by availing office service 24/7 in case any service is needed after usual working hours.

REGENCY HOTEL Tarig Khalil Osman General Manager Al Qasr Street, Khartoum, PO Box 1716 Tel: + 249-183-7759 70 / 71 / 72 / 73 / 74 / 75 / 76 / 77 Fax: + 249 183 779087 Primary contact: gm@khartoumregencyhotel.com Property e-mail: info@khartoumregencyhotel.com reservation@khartoumregencyhotel.com www.khartoumregencyhotel.com Activity: Hotel Date of Creation: 1974 The Regency Hotel is a four-star international business hotel located in central Khartoum, with over 100 modern rooms, including 14 suites, with internet available & two acclaimed restaurants, swimming pool, as well as complete business centre.

Being the first International Four Star Hotel In

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Sudan, and with over thirty-five years of international recognition, Regency hotel has just completed renovations and opens as a designated business hotel that is committed to catering to all your requirements and needs with the latest comforts and personalized surface that will guarantee the customers upmost satisfaction.

Accommodation Modern guest rooms all with distinct charm all rooms have private bathrooms, mini fridge, international satellite with over 15 prime channels, an electronic safe to store your valuables, Wi-Fi internet connection and data cable as well as other amnesties that will make your stay a pleasurable experience.

With 24hr room service the Regency makes sure you will find leaving the comfort of your room a very hard experience.

The Ebony Restaurant is the main fine dining restaurant situated next to the Regency Ballroom with a seating capacity of over one hundred people.

It is the ultimate restaurant to experience Sudanese hospitality on international standards.

The Italian Corner allows enjoying Italian cuisine at the ground floor restaurant and serves you ones of the best Italian pizza and pasta in town.

The new pool area and its Tropicana Pool Bar have been redesigned to ensure the utmost comfort while you are swimming or sun tanning.

Meetings, conferences and other events from international conventions up to 150 participants, to small brainstorming sessions, Hotel Regency has the resources to make your event a pleasant and memorable experience. With two conference rooms and over 35 years experience in event management they guarantee each event will be tailor-made to your requirements by our multilingual operational team in the most professional manner.

A few of the Business Services you can take advantage of: • Wi-Fi Internet connection (in bedrooms, meeting rooms and in common areas) • Working desk & daily newspapers • 2 Meeting rooms hosting up to 150 people • Typing services • Scanning

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SUDAN LINE TRAVEL & TOURISM AGENCY Qasr Commercial Building, Al Qasr Avenue, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 795450 / 795451 Fax: + 249 183 783651 www.sudanlines.sd/ssltta.php Activity: Travel and Tourism Agency Ownership: Sudan Shipping Lines Sudan Line Travel & Tourism Agency is one of Sudan Shipping Line affiliates. These Travel and tourism activities have originally been established to complement other SSL activities. SSLTTA provides facilities to both sea and air travelers. It is an IATA recognized member since 1989.

SSLTTA acts as a booking agent for all Air Lines in Sudan and is an authorized consultant in travel & tourism. More than 75 government’s units have used its booking agent services.

The services of the agency include issuing air and sea tickets, booking services and car rental;

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organizing conferences & fairs programmes and arranging for VIP reception of delegations & farewell services at Khartoum airport.

TARA APARTMENTS Mamoun Ibrahim General Manager Babiker Badry Street (near Al Baladya and Al Qasr St), Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 742084 / 742176 / 742177 / 742069 Fax: + 249 183 742075 sudanuk2@hotmail.com www.taraapartments.net Activity: Hotel/apartments Tara Serviced Apartment has the perfect, affordable hotel room for your next trip. For excellent service and attractive rooms, Tara Serviced Apartment is ideally located in the beautiful Town of the SUDAN quietly situated amongst other hotels & residential properties and only a few minutes’ walk from the river Nile.

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All rooms have been thoughtfully restored to offer the highest quality hotel accommodation. All bedrooms have colour TV & DVD players, radio alarm clocks, telephones and tea & coffee facilities.

The Studios and One Bedroom Apartments are perfect for business travelers and executives. The spacious one bedroom suites come with king-size bed, separate living room and dining area and fullyequipped state-of-the-art kitchen.

The room facilities include: • State-of-the-art kitchen fully supplied with crockery, cutlery and • Cooking utensils, refrigerator, iron and ironing board • Master Bedroom with king-size bed • Living room and dining room • Balcony access • Daily housekeeping service • Bathroom with bath/shower • Free wireless Internet

The building also hosts a business center, an Arabian style café with Satellite TV, a massage parlor, a fully equipped fitness center, and an indoor pool table in the roof top restaurant.

TRAVELLER Wisam Elsir Chairman Alamarat Street 19/Africa Road, PO Box 1912, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 798620 / 798622 Fax: + 249 183 798623 / 798624 wisam@travellerair.com www.travellerair.com Activity: travel agency No. Employees: 30 Rapidly developing toward total customer satisfaction by setting new service standards,

The abadamak temple

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Traveller is presenting to its clients the latest and most up to date, globally used travel technologies.

The company has highly equipped and experienced staff members to handle travel needs. With a capacity of fifteen online reservation terminals, powered by the most updated reservation systems serving the aviation industry globally (Amadeus International) they can provide more than 30 instant reservations at a time.

Appointed by a worldwide services network of partners & marketing agents in Africa and Asia, Europe and the Middle East, Traveller will arrange bookings for hotel establishments, tour wholesalers, and car rentals. They use only associations and principal resources accepted by professional travel agents and tour operators worldwide.

Association. The company consists of over 30 staff members who are fully dedicated to providing the best service possible in order to give their clients total customer satisfaction.

Traveller Air-Booking prides itself in managing corporate business travel by helping to minimizing travel budgets. They are an accredited IATA agency, recognized internationally as operating under licenses from (IATA) .International Air Transport

National Museum

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Al-s’ih’ kan ma khalls’ak, alkid’ib ma bakhallis’ak If telling the truth does not save you, lying will not Sudanese proverb

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One area in need of extensive development in Sudan is its stunted transportation infrastructure.

With over 2.5 million square kilometres in area to cover, Sudan has simply been unable to finance the high costs involved in developing transport systems throughout the country. However, since 2006 the United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS) has been working with the government through the Sudan Accelerated Infrastructure Program, which has included in its initiatives the construction and rehabilitation of roads, bridges, and other transport infrastructure. The two main areas of focus of this program have been the rehabilitation of selected road corridors in Southern Sudan, as well as transportation networks in the Blue Nile State, both ventures helping to boost development and improve conduits for humanitarian aid, tourism and trade.

Transportation in Sudan has huge potential. In a country as large as Sudan, transportation links are to be ensured if it is capable of connecting areas of production to the areas of consumption and export.

The country’s paved road network is mainly limited to the north and east of the country (there are a few paved roads in the west), with a key highway linking Khartoum with Port Sudan. The country has approximately 4,500 kilometres of narrow gauge railways, again mostly in the north and east, but with important links to west and south-western towns.

The Nile provides the main means of transporting passengers and cargo from north to south, while Sudan’s 60 paved and unpaved airstrips link the domestic aviation network.

In its goal to link up its trade and industry hubs, Sudan’s greatest need will be a series of long-term investment opportunities in the development of the transport sector. Road construction, which at US$ 200,000–450,00 per kilometre is prohibitively expensive, is being offered under several buildoperate-transfer schemes, as are other costly infrastructure projects, such as the proposed new Khartoum International Airport. The state owned Sudan Railways Corporation is considering privatising its profitable cargo and passenger businesses, while proposed rail extensions, such as the link to Ethiopia’s rail network, are being financed by international development aid and private equity.

The government is also keen to improve the river transport sector. Sudan’s navigable waterways exceed 5,000 kilometres in length and represent the best and least costly way of connecting the north and south when compared with road and rail construction. Sudan’s domestic aviation sector is also deregulated; several cargo and passenger airlines have recently been established.

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The comprehensive national strategy of the government aims at increasing the land transport capability by 20 times, paving more tarmac roads, connecting the whole country by proper means of air transport, and promoting the present airports and airstrips in order to make Sudan a real transport and communication centre functioning at international and regional levels. Furthermore, the river transport sector will also be modernized and its capability increased by 20 times, and some industries will be established to manufacture all means of transport such as vehicles, river vessels and so on, locally in Sudan.

The government’s strategy is to reorganize the sector, involving deregulation and privatization, in order to provide specific opportunities for investors to rehabilitate and expand the network. Realisation of these objectives generates many investment opportunities, and the private sector is expected to contribute the greatest portion under the privatisation policy. Among the investment opportunities in the transport sector, we may mention the following: • incorporating transport companies for haulage of crops and animals designated for export, especially using specialised haulage techniques for transporting live animals, liquids or fridge containers for meat products, • incorporating passenger transport companies to serve the inner-town and city quarters, and connect the capital with the other towns and cities, • investing in river transport, and • investing in air transport – both passenger and cargo services.

UNOPS has been working under a Cooperative Agreement with USAID since 2006 to carry out the Sudan Accelerated Infrastructure Program. The programme consists of six activities: • Construction of primary health care centres • Construction and rehabilitation of roads • Rehabilitation of other transport infrastructure in Blue Nile State • Construction and rehabilitation of bridges • Labour intensive community infrastructure projects • Construction of primary schools One of the main activities in the programme is the construction and rehabilitation of selected road corridors in Southern Sudan, helping to boost development and improve delivery of humanitarian aid.

For example, on the 80km stretch of road from Yambio to Dabio, travel used to take over four hours in dry weather and now takes a guaranteed

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90 minutes. This has improved the quality of goods and services and the overall economic development of the area.

In early 2008, Nzara market contained three shops, providing basic products and supplies.

In October 2009, after the road was fixed, Nzara had 120 shops and 15 restaurants, with a further 20 shops under construction. It is estimated that over 130,000 citizens have directly benefited from the recent rehabilitation of the road. The project is also rehabilitating the Dabio to Tambura stretch of road and the Dabio to Ezo stretch, totaling an additional 180km.

Another focus of the programme is the rehabilitation of transportation networks in Blue Nile State. A project has started to rehabilitate Kurmuk airport, developing the runway, the terminal buildings and the road into town.

Bridges The Bandami Bridge, a key link connecting Southern Sudan, Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo used to collapse regularly during the rainy season. In 2009 the bridge was completely rebuilt, replacing the previous stone structure with a new 31 metre-long steel bridge to ensure increased resistance to flood damage and improved road safety.

The new bridge gives people in the region year round access to vital goods, services and humanitarian aid.

The liberalization and privatization of the telecommunication sector, the policies, the regulations and plans adopted by the Government of the Sudan have created a capital–attracting, procompetitive policy environment that have fostered the build–up of a modern, fully–digital infrastructure in the country and furnished a climate suited to enhance ICTs development nationwide.

The remarkable transformation and achievements witnessed in the Sudanese Telecommunication sector coupled with the growing and diversifying use of the ICT services including those of the Internet and its applications have been a success story that made Sudan to be widely held among the most developed in Africa, if not in the Middle East. But the market is still considered to be virgin and huge investment opportunities exist and shall explode with the full realization of peace and stability throughout the country . (Source: National Telecom Corp. NTC , the ICT regulator).

The telecom sector currently has an annual growth of 30% making it the fastest growing in the world.

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General assessment: large, well-equipped system by regional standards and being upgraded; cellular communications started in 1996 and have expanded substantially.

MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT, ROADS AND BRIDGES Eng. Malik Muneer Undersecretary Railway Road, Po box 1130, Khartoum, Sudan Tel: + 249 183 766 745 Fax: + 249 183 773 266 malikmunir@mot.gov.sd (undersecretary) www.mot.gov.sd The Ministry of Transport, Roads and Bridges is one of the oldest ministries in Sudan. It was founded during the colonial times. Its role is to supervise, coordinate and plan the transportations in Sudan and to set the different policies ruling this sector.

Transport sector management involves three levels of government: • National: Government of National Unity, • Regional: Government of Southern Sudan, and • Local: States and Municipalities.

The Role of the MTRB can be summarized as follows: • Offers a high level of mobility to people and businesses; • Provide overall sector policy and regulatory oversight; • Fulfill national economic and social objectives including, but not limited to, decentralization of certain transport activities to the regional, state and municipal governments, and provision of access to the main population centers; • Regulates and invests in the sector to ensure that cost effectiveness and safety are sustained.

To adhere to this role, MTRB performs the following responsibilities: • Establish and implement appropriate policies, laws and regulations;

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• Set appropriate technical and level of service standards.

• Develop a comprehensive structure for the • management and planning of the transport sector in the country.

• Approved major investment programs in the sector.

• Encourage coordination between the different modes.

• Ensure traffic management for the purpose of making the best use of existing infrastructure and resources.

• Enforce the application of the laws and regulations.

• Assist the regional, state and municipal governments through technical assistance and advice in building their capacity to plan, manage and maintain their transport infrastructure.

• Develop agreements with neighboring countries to facilitate trade and cross border transit in accordance with international and regional guidelines and agreements.

The ministry has recently come up with a National Master Plan encompassing various missions and programs to maintain and upgrade the transportations in Sudan.

The transportation sector offers various investment opportunities and welcomes foreign investors

A. National Highway Authority B. Sudan Railways Corporation C. Sea Port Corporation D. Sudan Shipping Lines E. Maritime Administration Directorate F. Road Unit Dept.

G. Inland River Navigation Dept.

H. National Company for Roads and Bridges

especially in the railways, sea ports and roads areas.

Incentives are implemented to facilitate business in this sector: investment laws, dating from 1992, are being reviewed to be more attractive. Those that are discouraging for foreign investors are suppressed.

The railway lines, roads and maritime transportation are the backbone of the economical development of the country. In fact, as the Minister Philip stated, “The road to development is made by developing the roads”. However, Sudan is lacking effective manpower in order to sustain this evolution. More efforts will be needed to come up with a vertical change. Training centers are created to provide the transportation sector with educated labor force to be able to take up the challenges.

Different companies fall into the supervision of the MTRB: the Railway Corporation, the Sea Ports Corporation, Sudan Shipping Lines, the National Highway Authority and the National Roads and Bridges Company for example.

Personal message of the previous Minister, Mr. Philip Tonk Leek Deng: “Sudan, after the peace agreement, will be an attractive place for investments. The potential in natural resources is much more important than in other African countries. For now it is not exploited because of conflicts but it needs to be developed.

State Minister

MINISTER

Ministerial Advisory Council Legal Advisor

Internal Audit Public Relations Unit

State Minister

UNDERSECRETARY

Executive M. Office Security Unit

Information Center

Investment & Promotion Directorate

Planning Research and Studies Directorate

Financial & Administrative Directorate

Coordination & External Relations Directorate

Promotion Dept.

Planning & Studies Dept.

Finance & Account Dept.

Coordination & Fellow Up Dept.

Land Transport Investment Dept.

Research and Data Dept.

Administrative Affairs Dept.

External Relations Dept.

Translation Unit

Personnel & Training Dept.

Maritime & Inland Waterway Investment Dept.

Supervision & FellowUp Dept.

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Admin. Development Unit

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Transport and Communication

A shipment in Port Sudan

Food supply is still a big problem. The country is not using its resources properly, thanks to irrigations for example. It’s important to communicate to international investors that they should take courage to invest in Sudan to sustain the peace.”

SEA PORT CORPORATION Ibrahim E. Ahmed General Manager Address: PO Box 531, Port Sudan Tel: + 249 912308514 / Fax:+ 249 311 839 365 spcp21@sudanports.gov.sd spc_dmea@yahoo.com Activity: Port Construction Management Operation Date of Creation: 1914 Capital: Self finance organization Turnover: around 350 million dollars Ownership: Sea Port Cooperation (under the Ministry of transport) No. Employees: 6 000 Services As the only port authority in Sudan, Sea Port

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Corporation handles all Sudanese exports and imports. They provide all the facilities to manage ports operations and to provide good performance for port handling and storage business in the port.

Sea Port Cooperation provides also marine services for port operations and crude oil terminals and oil drilling platforms requirements.

Sea Port Corporation independently handles the bulk of operations for all ports. They plan in the near future to contract with private companies for part of the operations. In the middle term, Sea Port Corporation is mainly opened to investments for the construction of new business ports.

Clients of Sea Port Corporation are big Liners, Imports and Exports companies, ship owners and agencies. The Port also incorporates different governmental department services as customs, or standards health services.

Sea Port Corporation is also a member of main regional and international port organizations as IMO, International Association for ports and harbors, East and South Africa port organization, North Africa port organization, Arab port organization.

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Key Figures The construction of the port started in 1905. At the beginning it was a very small port. Its capacity was not more than few hundred thousand tons and the handling and storage equipments were limited (mostly manual handling).

In 1977, Sea Port Corporation decided to start an efficient development program. From 1977 to 1985, they increase their handling capacity to an average of 1.5 million tons. In 1990, they reached their target of 3.5 million tons of capacity and in 1994 they sustained a capacity of 5.5 million.

Nowadays, Osman Digna Port is also equipped with 2 cargo stores, livestock of 1.5 million heads and 2 passengers stations which serves each year more than 200 000 passengers. The traffic of import and export flews of Golf Region and Egypt is also constantly increasing and represents 200 000 tons per month.

Located in the center of Sudan and at 400 km in South of Khartoum, Kosti Dryport is also used by Sea Port Corporation. This port benefits from a strategic location in terms of Import and Export flews, just at proximity of famous Sugar factories.

In 1996, Sea Port Corporation decided to launch another development program to reach finally in 2006 their target of 12 million tons of port capacity

At 300 km in the north of the city of Port Sudan, Osaief port is located. Sea Port Corporation encourages exports in this area, especially exports of iron.

Structure of Sea Port Corporation Sea Port Corporation uses 4 different entities which form Port Sudan as the global entity: - Containers terminal (called south port) - Dry bulk handling terminal (called green port) - General cargo terminal (called North port) - Oil terminal (called Elkhair)

Thanks to their localization, the ports of Sea Port Corporation benefit from an easy access to roads and railways between western and eastern worldwide markets as well as inland and transit countries or Northern and Western African countries.

Sea Port Corporation uses also Osman Digna Port, which is located at 60 km in the south of Port Sudan.

In this port, Sea Port Corporation has built several facilities for dry bulk handling, livestock and passengers terminal. With more than 1.5 million of tons capacity, this port is the second biggest and oldest one used by Sea Port Corporation. First it was a port mostly dedicated to the travel of pilgrims in direction of Saudi Arabia.

In 1987, Sea Port Corporation needed another port to support all the activities and so started to rebuild Osma Digna port. The reconstruction ended in January 1991. At the beginning, Sea Port Corporation started only with passengers activity.

The maximum length for ships was at a level of 100 m. So in 1993, SPC rebuilt the entrance and now, any ships of more than 200 meters length can access to Osman Digna Port. Now Osman Digna port diversified its activity and manage passengers transport activities, cement and asphalt shipping and transportation of oil equipments.

New projects are also planned. SPC started in 2007 to undertake new dredging works in the port entrance and in containers bases. They are also constructing 2 new containers bases, whose lengths will be of 800 meters and draft of 17.6 meters. This project will be fully ended in December 2010.

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Development plans Developments plans of Sea Port Corporation are always focused on the upgrade of port’s capacities and the raise quality of serve.

On the project in South Port, Sea Port Corporation built a new 800 meters terminal, with a depth of 16.4 meters. This is dedicated to biggest containers ships up to 10 000 containers. They also recently ordered 4 STS and 8 RTG to equip this new terminal. This is a new terminal which will be ready by the first quarter of 2011. By building this new terminal, this will increase the ships handling capacity from 500 000 TEU to 1 million 500 000 TEU in the container terminal Sea Port Corporation has also started to build a new terminal in Osman Digna port (container terminal), which will be ready in 2015. Osman Digma port will have a handling capacity of 1 000 000 TEU at its first stage.

In the coming 5 years, Sea Port Corporation will be building another special livestock port at 30 km south of Osman Digna and at 90 km from the south of Port Sudan. Sea Port Corporation expects on a short and medium term, a significative increase of exports volume. Sea Port Corporation is now exporting 2 million heads per year. In the five next coming years, they expect a level of exports of 4 million heads per year.

For this project, Sudanese Government has build special areas to park animals at 10 km from Osman

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Digma Port, which will make easier the transits to final exports (less expensive costs, more attention to animals). Specifically for this project, Sea Port Corporation aims to attract investors of related industry (industries of derivate products).

development plans, the prospects for improving this sector are good and attainable provided that the whole system of operations, management, manpower and training aspects have been deeply modernized over the past few years.

Sea Port Corporation is planning to work on transit area for land locked countries, and in transshipment sector as well.

“In terms of capacity, facilities and know-how, we are ready to manage in our ports huge amounts of traffic as well as transit business for land-locked countries in Africa and for transshipment in Red Sea Region.

We welcome all kind of beneficial partnerships”

In 2010 they started to build several facilities to manage independently those 2 activities. They implemented new operating systems in order to increase their performances, as ICT preplanning system and 1 window system. For the container terminal part, Sea Port Corporation manages this in collaboration with Hamburg Port Consultant (HPC).

The Sudanese seaports have adequate infrastructure to handle the international maritime transport requirements of the country. This is based on the existing number, lengths of berths with adequate depths, including those under construction, sheds, warehouses and open storage areas within the ports boundaries. As the presence of ample infrastructure is a prerequisite for any short and medium term

Ibrahim E. Ahmed General Manager

NATIONAL HIGHWAY AUTHORITY Mr. Hamid Mahmoud Wakeel General Manager PO Box 756, Khartoum, Sudan Tel: + 249 183 774065 Fax: + 249 183 235594 wakeelai@live.com Activity: Transport

The new roads and bridges in Sudan, Alakad

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Date of Creation: 1997 Ownership: public The road network of Sudan covers over 30,000 km of roads of which approximately 7,000, km are asphalted, 4,300 km are graveled and the remaining 20,000 km are graveled roads and earth tracks.

Added to these are urban roads which are already paved, or included in paving programs; they total approximately a further 1,000 km.

The management and development of the national highway network falls under the responsibility of the National Highway Authority (NHA). This network consists of all the major arterial routes that link Sudan to the neighboring countries, roads which connect state capitals and other main towns.

The states are responsible for intra-state roads, which mainly consist of unpaved roads and tracks that are not in the national highway network. The municipalities are responsible for the roads within their urban boundaries. The major towns have their own road administrations and authorities of which Khartoum is by far the largest.

The National Highway Authority is a governmental body which has the following powers: - Set out the data, maps and programs for the national highways and bridges projects.

- Prepare the data, information, studies and researches that help in planning of policies and decision-making.

- Approve the Technical Standards and Specifications for roads and bridges and supervise their construction.

- Give permission of work in the field of highway and bridges.

- Set the systems and rules of using the highways and harmonize their regulations.

- Give the Technical Advice to different States of Sudan on the fields of construction, maintenance, and management of highways & bridges.

- Develop and encourage researches in the field of highways & bridges.

- Promote and develop the outdoors relationships with the concerned Regional and International Bodies.

- Encourage Investment in the field of highways and bridges.

- Prepare and Implement the plans and programs for training the Employees as well as the coordination with the concerned bodies.

- Impose the highway fees in accordance with the regulations.

- Prepare the Contracts and Sign them on behalf of the Federal Government of Sudan with Firms

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who are constructing or supervising the concerned Contract.

- Approve and Certify amount of the works carried out by the Contractors & Consultants in accordance with the Contract Agreements and the General and Special Conditions of Contracts (FIDIC).

- Set out and supervise the plans for the periodical and permanent maintenance of the National Highways & Bridges.

- Carry out and supervise the works of management of the national highways & bridges and develop and promote the directorate of the highway fees and its procedures regulations.

- Carry out the planning and feasibility studies of roads, bridges, and the different structure types within the scope except the States internal roads and bridges.

- Managing (Highways & Bridges) works in basis of Contracts and uses FIDIC in supervising.

The construction process consists of the following - Feasibility Studies - Detailed Engineering Design - Tender Documents - Biding (International Completion for private sectors in accordance to FIDIC ) The plan is to construct 1,500 Km asphalt, and to strengthen 700 km of existing pavements every year.

To do so, The Ministry of Transport, Roads and Bridges encourage the private sector for investment in road and bridge sectors. The National Highway authority is adopting the British standards and AASHTO in ensuring the quality control in Road construction.

SUDAN RAILWAY CORPORATION Eng. Hamza Mohammed Osman General Manager Railway Road, Khartoum Tel: + 249Â 183 774009 Fax: + 249Â 183 779798 info@sudanrailways.gov.sd www.sudanrailways.gov.sd Activity: Transport Date of Creation: 1973 Ownership: public Rail transport is the second most important mode of transport in Sudan after road transport for freight services. It is suitable for transporting bulky and heavy commodities over long distances. Sudan Railways Corporation (SRC) operates the railway services in the country.

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Transportation

The first railway line was constructed in 1875, between Wadi Halfa and Umbacall. The network was then developed throughout the 20th century to reach Khartoum, Port Sudan and other important cities.

The railway began as a government department and all the jobs in the head quarters and the outer sections before the independence were held by militaries. In 1902 civilians began to hold jobs of station masters.

In the year 1967 the railway was transformed to a public corporation under the management of a General Manager under supervision of a Board of Directors and in 1981, the president of the Republic issued a republican resolution stating the transfer of the Railway’s headquarters to Khartoum and giving wide powers to the regional managers.

The railway, since its establishment and till the mid seventies, had been the main mode of transport in Sudan and had transported more than 90% of the import and export traffic of the country. It still plays a greater role in the transportation of the strategic traffic and in the execution of the huge development projects notably in petroleum exploration and exploitation.

Sudan Railways Corporation is one of the longest railways in Africa. The existing railway network has a length of 4,578 km. The railway track is composed of a single line of 1,067 mm gage. Currently, only about 3,450 km of railway are in operation. Several lines, such as the line Haya- Kassala – Gadareff – Sennar of about 800 km, have not been in operation for more than 7 years.

The Khartoum-Port Sudan line is the main route in the railway network as it carries most of the freight traffic.

The Northern railway lines are 819 km long. From Atbara to Wadi Halfa the line is 594 km long, and Karima to Abu Hamed is about 225 km long. The Khartoum-Sennar-El Obeid line is 1,200 km long. It is considered as an extension to the main route i.e.

Port Sudan –Khartoum.

SRC owns at present 130 mainline locomotives, 54 shunting locomotives, 4187 freight wagons, 910 tank wagons and 167 passenger coaches.

Main workshops for heavy repairs of rolling stock, signaling and telecommunications equipment are concentrated in Atbara, except a cresting plant and an Oxygen- Acetylene Factory. The city also accommodates a workshop for wagons’ rehabilitation

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and maintenance, in addition to the other two subsidiary ones in Khartoum and Port Sudan.

SUDAN SHIPPING LINE Nawrani Y. Dafalla Director General P.O.Box 1731, Khartoum, Sudan Tel: + 249 183 786267 / 786268 Fax: + 249 183 781675 nawrani@sudanlines.net sudanline-Kh@sudanlines.net sudanline-PS@sudanlines.net Activity: transport Date of Creation: 1962 Ownership: public Sudan Shipping Line Co Ltd is a pioneer and ancient shipping company in the whole area of Africa and Middle East since 1962. Sudan Shipping Line is a ship owners company and a sole national carrier of Sudan, renders efficiently a comprehensive package of shipping services of high quality performance based on an excellent experience in sea freight, ship agency, stevedoring and clearance & forwarding services gained during four and a half decades of non-stop existence and continuation.

An affiliate companies owned by Sudan Shipping Line are supporting the fleet and specialized in ship agency, stevedoring, clearance & freight forwarding services.

- Lines Shipping Agency (LSACO) - Lines stevedoring co (LSCO) - Lines clearance & forwarding co (LCF) The in-house services are packed up by regional offices well established and allocated in a geographical way to serve the policy of the company, in Antwerp - Belgium, Dubai - UAE , Jeddah - KSA, Suez - Egypt.

The main features of SSL are as follows: - Providing efficient shipping services for Exports and Imports mostly for 46 years. Established a national commercial fleet hosting the flag of Sudan overseas.

- Contributing in improvement and development of maritime industry and other handling services in Sudan.

- Establishing a data base for a national maritime industry.

- Carrying out training tasks in shipping activities for Sudanese nationals.

- Renewal and restructuring programs is a top

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Transportation

requirement which focus on building modern vessels of suitable tonnage , having the latest operating technology which assist SSL to provide maritime services of high competent quality and extends the existing liner services to Far East and East Asia Ports, and enhance Red Sea and Gulf services under operation.

LINES CLEARANCE & FORWARDING CO LTD Head office: Port Sudan Tel: + 249 311 825744 Fax: + 249 311 821147 Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 776802 / Fax: + 249 183 772817 lcfcops@sudanlines.net www.sudanlines.sd/lcf.php Activity: customs clearance and forwarding activities Lines clearance & forwarding Co ltd (LCF Co) was established in 1996 as specialized affiliate company of Sudan Shipping Line. LCF Co has efficiently performed

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in customs clearance and forwarding activities for more than 40 years, rendering package services to clients in the public and private sectors in customs clearance, on carriage and warehousing services.

LCF Company provides professional services in customs clearance of general cargo, containers, bulk cargo and others. The company renders its services through all wet and dry ports such as (Port Sudan, Degna and free zone).

LFC has a long experience in clearance of transit cargo and having good reputation in clearance of air cargo at Khartoum Airport as well.

LCF is a subcontractor of reputable transportation companies in the area, rendering transportation services at a very competitive freight rates.

Its warehouses are situated close to paved ways and accessible locations. They are designed to suit and accommodate all types of cargoes, using the latest required warehousing facilities that provide higher degree of cargo handling ,warehousing/storage techniques at fair and competitive rates.

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LCF provides the best services for projects logistics, as a member of FIATA, and operates as an executive freight forwarding entity in Sudan for most of international organizations operating in Sudan in private ongoing projects. LCF has offered services for the National Electricity Corp., the Central Medical Supplies Corp., the Khartoum Refinery, the World Food Programme (WFP), the Khartoum State Water Corp., the United Nation Children Fund (UNICEF) and the River Transport Corporation.

LINES STEVEDORING CO Port Sudan Tel: +249 311 820652 Fax: +249 311 820653 linesstv@maktoob.com www.sudanlines.sd/lsco.php Activity: stevedoring & cargo handling

for very long period of time; consequently LSACO became the best choice for most of international shipping lines.

LSACO is a distinctive and reliable shipping agency as it has a well organized system of communications, a well-experienced and qualified staff and maintains good relationship with concerned ports and Customs authorities. Plus, it is known for fast settlement of invoices on behalf of esteemed principals.

In view of above, LSACO has represented very famous, active, regular, semi-regular lines and tramp vessels. Beside that LSACO always being the agent of all vessels carrying urea and TSP for Port Sudan.

Moreover, LSACO is an agent for Sudan Shipping Line’s vessels. It maintains a remarkable share of agency representation among other shipping agents. It is also worth mentioning that LSACO recently became the sole agent for tanker’s vessels at Marsa Bashayer port.

Lines Stevedoring Co is one of Sudan shipping Line subsidiary companies, specialized in stevedoring & cargo handling business. Stevedoring operations are carried out with the latest stevedoring equipments. It worth mentioning that the company is a sole owner of latest re-bagging machines which cater for bulk discharge, beside highly qualified & experienced staff, providing unique services in cargo handling operations with distinguished loading and offloading services and techniques, for bulk, break-bulk, project’s machineries, long length and containerized cargoes.

LSACO represents the following lines: Sudan Shipping Line (Sudan)S, L-MISC International Line, China Ocean Shipping Company, Chinese Tanzanian Joint Shipping Company, Pan Ocean Shipping Company, Black Sea Shipping Company, General National Maritime Transport Co, Ocean Gate Transportation Co (China), Qingdao Ocean Shipping Co, Guangzhou Ocean Shipping Co (China), Trafigura Shipping Co (London) and Holbud Ship Management.

Lines stevedoring proved to be efficient where 879.086 tons has been manipulated in 2006 with 163.5% increase, compared to 2005, this reveals the full satisfactions of their valuable customers.

SL-MISC

LINES SHIPPING AGENCIES CO Head Office: PortSudan Tel : + 249 311 822655 / 820378 Fax : + 249 311 825778 tahir-lsaco@sudanlines.net Branch office: Khartoum Tel : + 249 183774877 Fax : + 249 183772151 com-lsaco@sudanlines.net Activity: shipping agency Lines Shipping Agencies Co (LSACO) gained an excellent experience in agency services as a result of being an agent for Sudan Shipping Line vessels

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Mr. Ismail Hassan CEO Sudan Line Building. Al-Zebir Basha Street.

Khartoum, Sudan Tel: + 249 183 741738 / 741741 Fax: + 249 183 741739 ismail@slmisc.com / www.slmisc.com Activity: shipping Date of Creation: 2006 SL- MISC is a newly established strategic jointventure between Sudan Shipping Line (SSL) and Malaysian International Shipping Co (MISC).

It started its physical operations in April 2006 rendering transportation of dry, refrigerated and special container services and accessible to all major international routes via hub ports (Jabal Ali and Jeddah) to Port Sudan and other Red Sea, Arabian Gulf and East African ports.

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Transportation

SLMISC is prepared for offering a complete transport solution, including Thru Bill of Lading from Port Sudan (loading ex Middle-East, Europe & Far-East) to various Sudan inland destinations.

SL-MISC is expanding its services by providing crude oil and petroleum tankers.

SUDAN MARITIME AUTHORITY Maritime Authority (also called Maritime Administration Directorate) is one of the units of the Ministry of Transport, Roads and Bridges. It has been established by ministerial decree, based on the Sudanese Maritime Act 1961 and in accordance with the United Nations Convention on the law of the Sea 1982. It has been ratified by Sudan and states that every contracting state must establish a “suitable national maritime competent Authority”. It is responsible for controlling the maritime sector and the implementation of the National Maritime Act as well as the relevant information conventions ratified

by Sudan. National Maritime Authority is the national competent unit and the advisor of the Ministry of Transport in Maritime affairs. It also carries out the functions of the state in maritime sector namely: 1. Flag state jurisdiction which means the implementation of the international convention ratified by Sudan: on Ships flies the Sudanese flag 2. Port State jurisdiction: the inspection of foreign ships in Sudanese ports and territorial waters to verify that these ships are complying with the international standards stated in the relevant international conventions and protocols 3. Coastal state jurisdiction: the definition of maritime limits, in accordance with the United Nations Convention, on the Law of the Sea (Internal waters, territorial waters, EEZ, high seas) and the control of the maritime traffic in the territorial waters.

The function of the Maritime Authority can be summarized as follows: • Control of all activities in the maritime sector • Implementation of the international standards stated in the relevant international conventions • Protection of maritime environment and preservation of national resources • Administration of sea foreign affairs and the issue of Seaman book • Inspection of ships and issue of the Sea worthiness certificates • Investigation of maritime accidents • Coordination of maritime education and training

Inland River Navigation Department The Inland River Navigation Department (IRND), which is under the supervision of the Ministry of Transport, Roads and Bridges, is a key stakeholder in river transport. IRND is responsible for promoting river transport, encourage private sector investment, dredging, registration of vessels and navigation safety.

Potential exists for the Sudan to make use of the relatively low cost inland water transport to promote trade along the White Nile River and its navigable tributaries. Except at Kosti, most of the port infrastructures are in poor condition due to lack of maintenance and dredging to remove silt. The main lines for commercial river transport services are KostiJuba (1,436 km) and Kosti-Malakal (500 km). There is a small ferry operation between Sudan and Egypt on the Aswan Lake under a jointly owned company.

AGS FRASERS INTERNATIONAL REMOVAL Frédéric Blanchon Branch Manager Warehouse Block 35 Land 115 Souk Al Mahali High Small boats on the Nile river

The function of the Maritime Authority is maritime safety, pollution prevention, maritime security, as well as prevention and suppression of maritime piracy and armed robbery against ships and crew.

It is the same function as the international maritime organization (IMO) which issues the international conventions in this field. Sudan is a member of IMO and the Maritime Administration is the focal point of IMO. The Maritime Authority pays the contribution of Sudan and attends meetings. It also receives all publications of the organization which reflects the current and new developments.

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Transportation

Way, Khartoum Tel: + 249 155 15 39 30 Fax: + 249 155 153931 manager-sudan@agsmovers.com www.agsmovers.com Activity: relocation service provider No. Employees: 19 The AGS Group has become one of the leading relocation service providers in the world, through commitment to providing professional service and workmanship of consistent high quality to meet the customers’ requirements. The strategic vision of the Group is to provide a professional solution for international removals between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, in particular between Europe and Africa. The Group has focused on providing relocation solutions for developing countries in Eastern Europe and Africa, often some of the most difficult markets in the world.

For established markets such as those of North and South America, the AGS Group has adopted a different strategy. Due to the sophistication and maturity of these markets, the Group has given preference to developing solid relationships with partners approved by the profession. For the next five years, the AGS Group will continue its dynamic development program and open additional subsidiaries in Eastern Europe as well as in Africa in order to attain 100% coverage of the African continent.

Since the Group’s global expansion, AGS has aimed to contribute to the economic and social development of the countries in which it operates.

The company recruits locally and trains its personnel, in order to aid in the development of local communities. Through administering training on a regular basis, they provide all the employees with the opportunity to learn and develop. Furthermore, AGS, in collaboration with various charities, commits to organizing educational and nutrimental programs, campaigning against aids, and raising awareness of the environment.

DHL SUDAN Mokhtar Hasanin Country Manager House No. 10, Block 1/15 Nigomi St PO Box 8041, Khartoum Tel: + 249 1 83777500 / Fax: + 249 1 83773956 mokhtar.hasanin@dhl.com www.dhl.com

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Omdurman Bridge

Transport/courier service Date of Creation: 1984 DHL is present in Sudan since 1984 but at that time, it only provided express service. Since 2008, DHL Sudan offers DHL global forwarding services. It focuses on the centralization for customers in order to have a “one stop shop” where you can access the whole range of services in terms of transport/courier services.

DHL Sudan has expansion plans and works on maintaining its revenue growth. Global forwarding offers a lot of potential in this country. Sudan is an importing territory, using mainly the air transportation.

The main customers of DHL in Sudan are both multinational companies such as Zain, MTN or Schlumberger, as well as local companies such as Bank of Khartoum. The development of new businesses in the country offer new channels for DHL. For now, DHL enjoys a 60% market share in Sudan. The main competitors are TNT and Aramex.

“There are a lot of infrastructures to set up. But we have accomplished many things since we’ve been in Sudan, like opening a gateway facility in the airport. We have a competitive edge over the other transporters. We have the knowledge and the knowhow of a multinational company, and big facilities”.

Mokhtar Hasanin Country Manager

SUDAN AIRWAYS Alobaid Fadl Almoula Ali General Manager Obaid Katim St, PO Box 253, Khartoum Tel: +249 183 243716 Fax: +249 183 243 717 www.sudanair.com

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Transportation

Activity: airline Date of Creation: 1947 Ownership: Mix: Arif group of companies and Sudanese government The first flight, which landed in a Sudanese Airport at Shejara was in 1913; just one decade after the successful attempts of the Right Brothers. In 1936 the Sudan Civil Aviation Department was established. Sudan Airways was incorporated under The Companies’ Ordinance (1925) Act; in 1947. The Company started with four De Havilland 8 Seater Dove Aircrafts, being the first acquisition of this type in the region, as well as pioneering the introduction of seven 28-seater DC3s in 1952.

The Company was the first in Africa to acquire F27 Turboprop-powered aircraft, with a 36 passenger seating capacity. A gradual fleet modernization plan was adopted and the company introduced the Boeing 737 and B707 in the 1970s, Fokker 50s in the 1980s and Airbus A310s the 1990s.

- Carrying out draft surveys.

- Conducting pre-purchasing survey for vessels.

U.P.I.Co is a correspondent for international P&I clubs such as the Swedish P &I club, the Mutual P & I club or the Islamic P & I club.

Sudan Airways planes on the tarmac

From Khartoum, it offers international flights to Jeddah, Riyadh, Sharjah, Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Doha, Cairo, Addis Ababa, Amman and Damascus and domestic flights to Port Sudan, Nyala, Elfashir, Juba and Elobeid.

UNIVERSAL PROTECTION, INDEMNITY & INSURANCE SERVICES CO LTD Sudan Shipping Line Building – Port Sudan Tel: + 249 311 8223044 Fax: +249 311 825778 gaily19@hotmail.com gaily199@yahoo.com www.sudanlines.sd/upico.php Activity: Insurance Ownership: Sudan Shipping Lines Universal Protection, Indemnity & Insurance services Co.ltd (U.P.I.Co) is a subsidiary of Sudan Shipping Lines and renders the following services: - Survey reports on behalf of agents and P & I clubs.

- Survey reports for insurance companies purpose.

- Carrying out evaluation of cargo claims for P&I clubs.

- Authorized consultants for marine claims and issue guarantee letters for arrested vessels covered by P &I clubs represented by U.P.I.Co - Arranging for survey reports in marine collision.

- Authorized consultant in marine claims before Sudanese courts.

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CMA CGM Mr. El Madi Mahmoud A. Gader General Manager Plot 13, Block 11/D next to Company School PO Box 1070, Port Sudan Tel: + 249 311 829 154 Fax: +249 311 834 055 Activity shipping agency Ownership: private CMA is the world´s third largest container shipping company. It was founded by Jaques R. Saadé and it has now become a global carrier and operates on all the world´s oceans. CMA CGM’s mission is to become one of the worldwide leading container shipping groups offering its customers top quality, door-to-door solutions and increasingly comprehensive global coverage. Always forwardlooking, the CMA CGM Group has prepared for the future by constantly expanding its portfolio of services.

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It operates with 389 ships on 170 shipping routes in 400 ports of call in 150 countries. The company is well spread, with 650 agencies and offices around the world including 63 in Chine, and 16,400 employees worldwide.

The company is doing well as its turnover increased by 30% for the first quarter of 2010 (reaching 3,2 billion USD) compared to the same period in 2009.

waterway and road haulage services. To guarantee to its customers high quality services, the Group also made investments in shipping terminals of some of the world´s major ports.

The agency of CMA CGM in Sudan has a strategic location. It is a hub for transportation between the Middle East and Africa.

The Group offers complete transport solutions that combine maritime shipping with rail, inland

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AGRICULTURE

Kan leak h’ajah a’indd al-kalib goolo ya sidi If you need something from a dog, call it my lord!

Sudanese proverb 151

Agriculture

Agriculture remains the dominant sector of the Sudanese economy, directly contributing around 32% of the nation’s GDP, while driving activity in service sectors such as transportation, agro-industries and commerce, which together account for another 38% of the economy. Although eclipsed in the past decade by the oil boom Sudan enjoyed until mid-2008 and the double-digit growth that accompanied it, agricultural production has continued to rise steadily since 2000. This is partly due to demand from China, which accounts for roughly half of exports, as well as an ever-present domestic need for food in light of a population growth rate that nearly doubles the world average. As such, the main challenge for the sector today is to find rapid but sustainable methods to increase production.

The sector will play a central role in Sudan’s economic future, not least due the fact that agriculture is the main determinant of yearly changes in poverty levels and food security of the population. Robust growth is expected in the coming decade, largely thanks to stabilisation and structural reform measures implemented at the IMF’s urging in the 2000s.

The positive growth outlook is also strengthened by macroeconomic trends. The past century has seen real agricultural product prices steadily fall on a global scale, as technology has been allowing supply to increase faster than demand – this decade, however, the trend has been reversed, with demand starting to outpace supply in light of worldwide population growth, weather-related production shortfalls, and reductions in stock levels.

Cultivable land in Sudan is estimated to be around 200 million feddans (about 84 million hectares). Of this vast area, only 30 million feddans have so far been exploited, in other words, an equivalent of 15% of the total cultivable land for the different farming methods nationwide.

The main agricultural exports are cotton and gum Arabic, the former being Sudan’s chief export commodity in any sector and an integral contributor to the economy at large. Sorghum is the principal food export, while wheat is grown largely for domestic consumption. Sesame seeds and peanuts are making the transition from domestic to international produce, joining a diverse plethora of crop and livestock exports: sugarcane, mangoes, bananas, sweet potatoes, sheep, and camels, amongst others.

Irrigation Farming Irrigation farming is mainly used in the irrigation projects between the banks of the White and Blue

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Niles. The Gezira scheme and giant Al-Managil extensions are in an area of 2.1 million feddans out of a total irrigable area of 4 million feddans. Hence, this project is considered the largest farm under one administrative board in the world. Among the other modern canal-irrigated projects are al-Rahad project and New Halfa project in the eastern states, Kenana Sugar, Hajar Asalaya and Gharb Sennar sugar cane plantations in the central state. Most of the irrigation projects are administratively run by the public sector, but a few of them are run by the private and co-operative sectors. The main irrigation farming crops are cotton, wheat, sorghum and sugar cane. As Africa’s third biggest producer of sugar, the Sudanese government has been progressively entering in joint ventures with private investors to enlarge the sugar fields near the Nile River, including the Kuwait Investment Authority and the government of Saudi Arabia, who are both one-third shareholders in Kenana Sugar.

Rain-Irrigated Farming Rain-irrigated farming is concentrated in the eastern and central states and in the southern parts of Darfur and Kordofan states, and it is generally mechanised.

There is also a conventional method of farming known as “shifting cultivation” which is seasonal and exists in the central parts of the country and the southern states. The mechanised rain-irrigated projects and the conventional ones are usually administratively run by the private sector. However, there are some local and regional companies and corporations that work in this field. The crops cultivated in these projects vary from sesame, sorghum, cotton, groundnut, kardadi, millet and corn, to sunflower and sugar.

Plantations for other crops such as rice, coffee, tea and some garden farmed legumes – bean, broad bean, lentils, peas and vegetables – have also been developed. Orchard fruits such as dates, mango, lemon, orange, grapefruit and guava are available throughout the year.

MAIN COMPANIES ARAB AUTHORITY FOR AGRICULTURAL INVESTMENT AND DEVELOPMENT (AAAID) Ali Bin Saeed Al-Sharhan President of AAAID Osman Digna St. intersection with AlBaladia St., PO Box 2102, Khartoum Tel: + 249 187 096100 Fax: + 249 187 096295

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Agriculture

info@aaaid.org www.aaaid.org Activity: agricultural investment Date of Creation: 1976 Authorized capital: 150 million Kuwaiti Dinars Paid up capital: 100.3 million Kuwaiti Dinars The Arab Authority for Agricultural Investment and Development (AAAID) is a legal entity acting as an independent financial agricultural investment institution. Every Arab country is eligible to join the organization. In 2010, it consists of 20 countries: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, State of Kuwait; United Arab Emirates, Republic of Sudan, Republic of Iraq, State of Qatar, Arab Republic of Egypt, People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria, Kingdom of Morocco, Islamic Republic of Mauritania, Syrian Arab Republic, Republic of Somalia, Republic of Tunisia, Sultanate of Oman, Kingdom of Bahrain, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Republic of Lebanon, State of Palestine, Republic of Yemen, and the Union of The Comoros.

The objective of the organization is to achieve Arab food security, develop the agricultural resources of the member states, focusing on the production of the maximum amount of food, and to amplify

the exchange of agricultural products and inputs between Arab countries. Thus, AAAID gives priority to projects for the production of cereals, especially wheat, vegetable oil, specially sunflower, sesame, peanut, cotton seed, olive oils, forages, specially alfalfa (jet), sorghum, barley, sugar, milk and milk products, poultry, fish, vegetables and fruits and agricultural inputs, specially fertilizers, veterinary medicines ... etc.

In order to do so, the AAAID focuses on the promotion, financing and implementation of projects and other activities which are necessary or complementary to its investment and development activity. It also conducts agricultural research and studies and cooperates with international, regional and national organizations involved in investment and development.

The total of AAAID shareholdings in companies amounted to US $332 million (equivalent to about 95% of AAAID paid-up capital), covering 24 existing companies ( in addition to Inter-Arab Trade Financing Program and the Arab Investment & Export Credit Guarantee Corporation ), 4 companies under implementation and 1 company under establishment. The Sudanese companies involved are Kenana, the Arab Sudanese Vegetal Oil Co,

Sudanese rural workers

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Agriculture

the Arab Sudanese Blue Nile Agricultural Company, White Nile Sugar Co, the Arab Co for the Production of Veterinary Medicines and the Arab Company for Agricultural Production and Processing. The total of the loons granted by AAAID to develop some of the companies in which it has shareholdings amounted to $215 million. In addition, AAAID issued Loan guarantees to companies in the amount of $75 million.

Several projects are in the stage of study for Sudan: an Arab Agricultural TV Channel, a Red Meat Production and Processing project, the reactivation of the Dairy Unit, enhancement of the rain-fed crops and the restructuration or rehabilitation of the Arab Sudanese Seed Company.

“The Arab Authority is seeking to build strong bridges of fruitful relations, not only with international, regional and Arab institutions, but also with the private sector.

I call upon all of AAAID partners in development governments, international, regional and national institutions and organizations, the private sector, and the civil society institutions, to double efforts so that we can all contribute effectively towards achieving food security and reducing poverty, by working in a framework of integration between resources and collaboration between all of us as partners.”

Ali Bin Saeed Al-Sharhan President

DAR SAVANNA INTERNATIONAL (SSG) Tel: + 249 912147153/+249 912304858 darsavanna@ssgum.com Date of Creation: Dar Savanna: 1993, SSG: 2002 Dar Savanna Ltd (Savanna Sudanese Gums), a fully private company, is a leader in the Gum Arabic production. Thanks to a very modern stainless steel factory, fully computerized, and free of dust, it produces natural gum Arabic mechanical powder in all forms, in compliance with HCCP and ISO requirements. The quality of the product is not affected thanks to the use of natural organic methods.

The company is a pioneer in marketing the mechanical Gum Arabic powder worldwide. It works closely with the farmers of the organic forests in Sudan where it sources so as to provide them with security and sustainability. The procurement follows the Ideal Tapping and Harvesting Technique to get a contamination-free raw Gum Arabic directly from the Acacia Senegal wild tree. SSG (Savanna Sudanese

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Gum) is increasing its production and its exports, especially to the US and Far Eastern markets.

GUM ARABIC Abubakr ElDosogi General Manager St 39, PO Box 857, Khartoum, Sudan Tel: + 249 183 461061 Fax: + 249 183 468664 info@gac-arabic.com www.gac-arabicgum.com Gum Arabic is the trade name for a natural forest product of the genus Acacia and mainly obtained from Acacia Senegal. The name “Gum Arabic” was derived from the fact that the product shipped to Europe from Arabian ports in the old days. Gum Arabic was long established in the worlds’ markets, known as an article of commerce since the year 4000 BC and widely used in Egypt during the Pharaoh’s civilization in preparation of ink, water colours and dyes. The species have a wide distribution and a remarkable adaptability. It is essentially a semi-arid zone species, but it is so adaptable that it is not only drought-resistant but also frost-hardy.

The main area of its occurrence is the central parts of Sudan where species uniformly found in pure forms giving Sudan the advantage of being the biggest producer and exporter of the best quality of Gum Arabic, supplying 60% of the annual global requirements. As a result of possessing pure forms of Acacia Senegal and the consequent ease of collection, Sudan remains the dominant producer of Gum. The Gum Arabic Co Ltd is aware that Gum Arabic is a natural resource that needs to be conserved, maintained and developed not only for the provision of a sustained yield of Gum but furthermore for its imperative, environmental, socioeconomic and development impact.

GAC is committed to: • Poverty eradication • Sustainable production system • Environmental conservation • Improvement of social economical and cultural indigenous knowledge • Eco-diversity Its main objectives are: • To organize the gum trade aiming to maximize hard currency revenue.

Agriculture

• To enable gum producers to achieve fair share of revenue.

• To afford better services and quality for importers and end users, strengthen trust in global markets.

• To organize efforts with concerned parties to maximize production and protect botanical resource to satisfy markets needs.

• To prepare feasibility studies to establish Gum Arabic processing.

• To finance the maximum possible share of gum purchases to alleviate financial pressure on the banking system.

• To increase national earnings by facilitating the collection of taxes in one place.

• To encourage nationals to invest in the gum Arabic sector.

Acacia gum has long been used for its functional properties (texturisation, emulsion stabilization, filmforming ability, compression agent).Thanks to its very low viscosity and its absence of taste and odor, Acacia gum can be incorporated in large amount in foodstuffs without disturbance of their organoleptic properties.

Gum Arabic has functional properties unequaled by chemically modified starches and other substitutes.

This allows for the formulation of superior products having, for instance, longer shelf-life.

New beverage innovations, such as wine coolers, novel confectionery coatings, high fiber drinks and powders, and synergistic combinations with other gums, attest to ongoing research and new product formulation using Gum Arabic. New patents utilizing Gum Arabic in confectionery coatings and lithography have been recently granted, and funding for further research into new uses for this product has been made available by both the Gum Arabic Company and international aid organizations.

Efforts on the supply side to breed new varieties of Acacia Senegal that provide gum with especially desirable properties should add nuance and opportunity to the food formulator’s palette. The introduction of more advanced quality control and grading/sifting/cleaning operations in the Sudan should further standardize Gum Arabic supplies, allowing for more efficient gum processing and more specific gum grades, readily available directly from the origin.

The Gum Arabic Company’s quality policy aims to provide its customers &clients with the high quality of Gum Arabic that meets their needs, expectations and supporting the Gum Arabic producer. The Gum Arabic Company Management abides to all valid laws and legislations of Sudan to achieve its goals. Also it assures that the quality objectives according to the producers of quality management system of the company are achieved. The Gum Arabic Company believes that the achievement of the quality policy can be attained effectively by implementation of management system which is compatible to requirements of ISO 9001:2000 and the continuous developing of this system.

“New challenges arise for Gum Arabic now. We are facing new competitors, and plan to enter new markets. Still, the focus remains the same: quality, timing, pricing, effective logistics, experience in processes... The goal is to stay number one forever and to maintain our success and position. It is also important for Gum Arabic to take care of its people: customers, farmers. A new era has come.“ Mr. Abubakr ElDosogi GM Gum Arabic

An irrigated field in Sudan

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COMPANY INDEX

XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX

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Adiyat AGS Frasers International Removal Al Baraka Bank Al Mukhtar Group Al Salam Bank Al Salam Rotana Alsunut Development Company Ltd Amipharma Laboratories Ltd Amzar Trading and Services Araak Arab Authority for Agricultural Investment and Development (AAAI) Bajafar Brothers Advertising Bank of Khartoum Bashir Motors Burj Al-Fateh Hotel Byblos Bank Canar China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) CMA CGM Coral Dar Savanna International (SSG) DHL Sudan Diesel Generators Company Ltd. Easy Move El Barbary Group El Mohandis Paints El Nefeidi El Nilein Industrial Development Bank Group (NIDB) Eyat Oilfield Services Co. Ltd. Faisal Islamic Bank GIAD AUTO Golden Arrow Gum Arabic Haggar Holding Company (HHC) Higleig Petroleum House of Legal Consultancies and Services Industrial Development Bank Intercontinental Travel Islamic Co-operative Development Bank Khartoum Refinery Co. Khartoum Stock Exchange

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COMPANY INDEX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX

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Lines Clearance & Forwarding Co. Ltd Lines Shipping Agencies Co. Lines Stevedoring Co. Ministry of Foreign Trade Ministry of Tourism and Wild Life Ministry of Transport, Roads and Bridges Mohamed Ikhwan Group (MIG) National Bank of Sudan National Electricity Corporation (NEC) National Highway Authority Oilibya Olympia Travel Agency One Sudani ONGC Videsh Petrodar Petronas Rasilat Links Regency Hotel Roads and Bridges National Company Saudi Sudanese Bank Sea Port Corporation Shiekan Insurance and Reinsurance Co. Ltd. SL-MISC Sudan Airways Sudan Line Travel & Tourism Agency Sudan Maritime Authority Sudan Pile for Roads and Bridges Sudan Railway Corporation Sudan Shipping Line Sudanese French Bank Sudapet Sudatel SUDINRECO Tara Apartments The Agricultural Bank of Sudan Traveller United Capital Bank Universal Protection, Indemnity & Insurance services Co. Ltd White Nile Petroleum Operating Company Ltd. Zain Zinanet

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Al-t’ahir a’inwan al-batin Appearance is the sign of what is inside Sudanese proverb

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Entertainment Introduction From the Red Sea and its virgin treasures, to the desert and its preserved archeological sites; from the numerous tribes to the incredible diversity of wild life, Sudan is considered as one of the top ten countries characterized by a variety of attractions. This potential has not been completely exploited yet and tourists are not very common in the country. So be prepared to be among the first ones to discover this country full of surprises and be welcomed by the Sudanese people and their unique sense of hospitality.

Food and Drink Sudan is a very large country, encompassing many different tribes with different cultures. On the other hand, it has been colonized by the French, the Italians and the English. Thus, the food in Sudan is a result of all these influences. For example, the Syrian traders and Arab settlers who came to Sudan during the Turkish rule brought pepper, garlic and other spices.

They also introduced other dishes like meatballs and pastries and new vegetables and fruits.

The most common dish is called “ful”. It is made of brown beans that spend hours being stewed in a large pot. It is cooked with oil and spice and is eaten with the local bread, “kisra”, made of corn, and accompanied by salad, tomato, onions, peanut butter, cheese or falafel for example. There are many different stews such as the niamimiya, the sharmout, the waika, bussaara or sabaroag.

Vegetables are also widely consumed: potatoes, egg plants, peppers are part of the daily meals. They’re all natural and can be found easily everywhere.

Meat is found in other dishes such as swharma kebabs, made of lamb or chicken. Fish is consumed fried most of the time, the Nile perch for example, is consumed with bread and spicy sauce. The Sudanese people have these dishes even for breakfast, between 11 and 1pm, which is considered as the most important meal of the day.

Appetizers are also appreciated. Maraara and umfitfit for example, are mainly made of sheep lung, liver and stomach. They are cooked with onions, peanut butter and salt and eaten raw. Porridges and soups are also very popular.

Some dishes are specific to some areas of the country. For example, wheat floor in North Sudan, banana paste in the East, influenced by Ethiopia, milk and dairy products for the cattle breeders in the West and fish in the South.

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Concerning the dessert, pastries, cakes and caramel crème are the local favorites. Sudanese people love sugary food and drinks, so when ordering a drink, ask for sugar to be served seperately if you don’t want to have half of the glass filled with sugar.

Fresh juices are widely consumed and can be found everywhere, even in small shops in the streets. The most widespread are orange, grapefruit and lemon, and they are pressed just in front of you and offer a very refreshing break. The tabaldi juice is a local specialty made of baobab fruit.

Given that alcohol is forbidden in Sudan, an alternative to beer has been found with the non alcoholic malt beverages which are often flavored with apple, strawberry or ginger and are very sweet also.

Karkade is a typical Sudanese drink, made of dried hibiscus flowers. It is prepared as an infusion and can be served cold or hot.

Coffee and tea are also consumed a lot. Coffee is prepared with beans fried in a pot with spices and cloves, which give it a very special taste. Ginger, cinnamon, milk and sugar are often added to the beverage. Tea and coffee are served in very small cups and are most of the time very strong.

Music The Sudanese people use local instruments for their music, like the tambour (lyre) or the nihas which is a drum used for celebrations. The taar is a small instrument used by tribes in their traditional dances and songs. The sufi also use it during their incantations. These instruments are made of natural material and resources. For example, in the southern Blue Nile region, the Ingessana tribes use cow horns to make the wazza, which has a dual function: one taps on it for the beat sound while blowing the horn for tunes.

The Egyptian pop has largely influenced the modern local Sudanese music. It is now mainly composed of loud Arabic lyrics accompanied by synthesizer melodies.

Some local Sudanese musicians are really successful, such as Abdel Gadir Salim (from the Nuba mountains) and Abdel Aziz el Mubarak (from Wad Medani).

Dancing Sudanese tribe performs traditional dances. They reflect various aspects of life and correspond to

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many events like the advent of rainy seasons, harvest, marriage, death, war, hunting, chivalry and religious rites. Examples include the Kambala of the Nuba Mountains in the mid-west, the ‘leap dance’ of the Dinka in the south, the Nuggara of the Misseiriya in the southwest, the ‘sword dance’ of the Bija in the northeast, the Barabra dance of the Halfa people in the far north and the Shaiqiya dance in which maidens imitate pigeons. Dancing is performed collectively and reflects close ties with the land. A common feature of dancing is the personification of the prevailing kingdom animalia of the specified region.

Handicraft The handicraft is a cultural folklore heritage of many tribes. The Sudanese people use different kind of natural material to produce everyday life objects: grass is used to create mat, table covers or baskets. The “Mashlaeb” for example is a small basket hanged to the ceiling of the room to save food from animals. Marble is used to manufacture jars and “Jabana” coffee pots. Leather is widely used for scabbards or shoes to create and nomads create liquid containers out of it to travel. Wood allows producing furniture or other objects like the “Hog” which is a small can, used by Sudanese women as a container for their private perfumes. However, local handicraft is suffering from the rise in prices and poor quality of the raw material.

Nile merge to form the River Nile. The city got its name from the triangle of land at the junction of the rivers as it looks like an elephant trunk: “Khurtum”.

Khartoum is characterized by its very peaceful atmosphere, especially in the evening. In fact, during business hours, the city center is crowded and traffic jams and horns totally change the face of the city.

The capital is divided into three different areas: Khartoum, Khartoum North (Bahri) and Omdurman, each one being located on a different side of the Niles.

Khartoum centre gathers the main infrastructures and facilities: the airport, the hotels and restaurants, the different kind of agencies, ministers and the presidential palace. This latter was constructed in 1834 by the Turkish ruler Khorshid Basha and is one of the main historical building of the city. The architecture of the area is quite varied, with a mix old and brand new buildings, churches and mosques, industrial areas and gardens.

Downtown Khartoum

Khartoum North is a very industrial area where most of the factories can be found. It also hosts the Nubian wrestling in Souk al Sita which is worth seeing.

Sudanese handicraft

Capital & Environs Introduction to the capital Khartoum is the heart of Sudan, both geographically and economically. It gathers the headquarters of the main companies and organizations and thus offers a large range of activities and touristic spots. It is situated exactly where the Blue Nile and the White

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Omdurman is the ancient capital and is very widespread and populated. It still has some vestiges from the past such as the fortress of the Mahdi State period or the Abdul Kayoum Gate, last remaining part of the wall of Omdurman and a treasure of the Islamic culture from this period. In fact, Omdurman witnessed the battle between the British, led by Lord Kitchener and the Mahdists back in 1898You can also visit the boatyard there, just off shore of the Abu Raouf district, on the western side of the Nile, they still manufacture traditional boats the old way, or Khalifa’s house. He was the second in command of El Mahdi and his place has been turned into a

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museum. The city is also rich in universities and sports club. Several bridges link it to Khartoum

WHERE TO STAY Rotana Africa Road, After Afra mall Tel: + 249 187 007777 Fax: + 249 187 007788 alsalam.hotel@rotana.com www.rotana.com

Burj Al fateh Nile avenue, Khartoum Tel: + 249 156 555555 Fax: + 249 156 555556 info@burjalfateh.com www.burjalfateh.com

Coral Mogran Street Tel: + 249 183 774100 / 778930 Fax: + 249 183 775793 reservation@coral-khartoum.com www.coral-international.com/khartoum Assaha Africa Street, near the Canadian Embassy Tel: + 249 183 481919 assahasud@assahavillage.com www.assaha.info Kanon Hotel 15th Street Amarat, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 595959 Fax: + 249 183 595555 Kanon Hotel Suites 37th Street, Khartoum 2 Tel: + 249 183 588888 Fax: + 249 183 585555 www.kanonhotel.com Grand Holiday Villa Nile Avenue, P.O.Box 316, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 774039 Fax: + 249-1-83-773961 / Sales + 249-1-83-762634 reservation@holidayvillakhartoum.com www.holidayvillakhartoum.com Lisamin Safari Hotel 41st Amarat, Khartoum Tel: 0183595815/17 Fax: 0183595816 info@lisaminsafarihotel.com www.lisaminsafarihotel.com A cosy African inspired hotel with a nice Lebanese restaurant.

5M www.5mhotel.com

Burl Al Fateh hotel

Regency Al Qasr avenue, central Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 7759 - 70 / 71 / 72 / 73 / 74 / 75 / 76 / 77 Fax: + 249 183 77 9087 reservation@khartoumregencyhotel. com www.khartoumregencyhotel.com

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Acropole Hotel Zubeir Pasha street, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 772860 Fax + 249 1 :83 770898 acropolekhartoum@gmail.com acropolekhartoum@yahoo.com www.acropolekhartoum.com Bougainvilla Guesthouse House 339, Block 21, near Abd Al Tayb St Riyadh, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 222104 mail@bougainvillaguesthouse.com www.bougainvillaguesthouse.com

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Horizon hotel Souk al-Arabi, Seeniath Gandool, PO Box 12646, Khartoum Tel: + 249 155 151133/ 44/ 66 Fax: + 249 155 151122 www.horizonsudan.com Facilities: Restaurant (Asian and Arabic food), Rooms & Suites, WiFi internet Connection, Business Centre, Currency Exchange, Sudan Tour Arrangements, Limousine.

WHERE TO EAT Papa costa Khartoum center, Jamhoria Street Tel: + 249 908167037/+249 915060350 commercialstream@msn.com International food, outdoor seating, live music on Thursday Assaha Africa Street, near the Canadian Embassy Tel: + 249 183 481919 assahasud@assahavillage.com www.assaha.info Original Lebanese restaurant, nice outdoor seating.

A bit more expensive

Solitaire restaurant

New York Deli Khartoum 2 Nice Deli with bagels, pizzas and coffee shop Africa Restaurant Al Jazaar St, Reyad From international to authentic African dishes at a very reasonable price in a nice seating area Habesha Arkaweet St, behind Afra Mall Tel: + 249 155180167 Ethiopian restaurant with nice atmosphere

Little India Khartoum 2, 2nd roundabout Tel: +249 155 144521 Indian and thai food, outside seating Cedars at Lisamin Safari Hotel 41st Amarat, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183595815/17 Fax: + 249 183595816 In the Lisamin Safari Hotel Excellent Lebanese restaurant in a very pleasant environment

Solitaire Amarat: street 15 Tel: +249 155 770002

Reyad: Al Jazar St Tel: +249 155 770003/4 gm@solitairecafe.com www.solitairecafe.com A classic in Khartoum for the expat community. The Solitaire in Reyad in bigger and offers an outdoor seating area. Serving international food

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Habesha Ethiopian restaurant

Universal Amarat 27 Tel: + 249 912307796 Italian pizzas, the best ice cream in town and an art gallery Osama’s Street 41 Amarat, Khartoum Tel: +249 912 354 144 / neemosa1@hotmail.com Sudanese food

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Zinc Khartoum 2, Ahmed Maki Abdo Street Tel: + 249 155889462 Deli and grill

Conezone Amarat 15 / Africa road Tel: + 249 9126 434 09 Ice cream

Hadramout Khartoum 2 market Tel: + 249 122225252 Good Yemeni restaurant

Ice cream 41 Amarat Street 41 Small ice cream shop mostly frequented by locals

Albawadi Ahmed Maki Adbo St, Khartoum 2 Market Local Sudanese restaurant with the best grilled chicken in town.

Havana restaurant Almashtal St 3, Reyad Tel: + 249 155180405 Cheap, fast and good grilled food Amwaj Amarat 13 / Africa Road Tel: + 249 912368308 A classic for fast Sudanese food, nice grilled meat Marina – Café and Restaurant Pizza and Grill El Reyad, El Mashtal Road, El Ahlam Tower Tel: 0912319164 - 0909873338 Fast food: Amarat 1 and Africa Road offer a broad range of fast food restaurants: Amarat1: ivory restaurant (chicken), Laziz, Delicious…

Africa Road: Momen (Burgers), Steers, Gad (Egyptian), Pizza Debonairs, Grand café (grilled meat),…

Cafes and ice creams in the capital Ozone Ahmed Khair St, Khartoum 2 Tel: + 249 183 575500 Good outdoor seating area and nice cakes

Tropicana Café Behind Sindian hotel in Amarat 15 Tel: + 249 183 474914 Pool table, café and juices Café Ohm Near the Havana restaurant, Riyadh, Khartoum Live music on Mondays Tel: + 249 183 520226 / cafe.ohm@gmail.com yogurBerry Obeid Khatim Street, Reyad, Khartoum Frozen yogurts, smoothies and snacks.

WHAT TO SEE AND DO Nile Street The avenue, along the Nile River, is probably the most beautiful of the city. The street is lined with trees and colonial style constructions that now serve as hotels, schools or ministries. This is also where the presidential palace from 1834 is located.

Tuti Island Right where the Niles converge, the Tuti Island has been linked to Khartoum recently thanks to a new bridge. You can have a relaxing walk in the area, have a picnic on the beach or enjoy the family park.

Be careful with pictures from the bridge, they are not welcome by the police.

Tutti Island beach

Aroma Khartoum Manshia Tel: + 249 922033044 Great salads, juices and coffees Tutti Frutti Between Reyad and Amarat Tel: + 249 1225 42493 Nice ice cream

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Botanical garden In Mogran district, near the confluence of the Niles.

The botanical gardens are a nice green and relaxing area with rare birds and plants, which opened back in 1954.

WWII cemetery Second left after the roundabout where the Hai el Matar road and the road to Khartoum North join.

Almost opposite the International Community Club.

Crocodile Island Located a little further north on the White Nile, the island is a well known spot for watersports and picnics.

Traditional events Dervish Sufism is a mystical dimension of Islam aiming at elevating man to a higher spiritual state, turning his heart away from everything else but God. It is practiced through Zikr which is a combination of songs, prayers, and meditation, together with a special dance accompanied by percussions. There are many places around Khartoum to observe the Dervish ceremony held on Friday afternoons from 3 to 7pm: • Al Burhaniya Mosque, Khartoum – Alsahafa neighborhood, near Al Souk Al Shaabi • Gharib Alah Mosque, Oumdorman – Wad Nubawi neighborhood • Hamad Al Neil dome, Oumdorman – Oumbada neighborhood.

• Al Yagout Mosque, Jabal Awlia

Traditional Dervish dancer

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Nubian Wrestling Souk Sita in Al Hajyousif, Khatoum North Every Friday afternoon from 5 to 6:30pm

This is the largest museum of the country. It was created in 1904 but settled in this location in 1971.

It contains relics and antics from the Meroe to the Christian and Islamic eras.

Markets Omdurman Souk Alsoog, Omdurman, everyday from 6am to 9pm This is one of the biggest markets in Africa. The handicraft area is on the northern part of it.

Souk Al Arabi Downtown Khartoum, south of the Mesjid al-Kabir Mosque. Local and golden jewel shops Ethiopian market Khartoum 2, near UNICEF Sun 9:00am – 3:00pm Camel Market East Omdurman

National Museum

Ethnographic Museum Al Jamaa St/Mak Nemir St Tues - Sun 8:30am - 6pm Fri 8:30am - 12:00pm / 3:00pm - 6:00pm This museum, opened in 1956, shows the wide ethnic diversity of Sudan with a collection representing the many tribes and cultures of the country.

Omdurman Souk

Museums Most of the museums cost about 1SDG. National Museum Near the friendship hall Tues-Sun 8:30am - 6pm Fri 8:30am - 11:30am / 3:00pm - 6:00pm

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Al Khalifa Museum Al Khalifa Mosque, Omdurman Tues-Sun 8:30 am - 1:30pm Build in 1887, under the supervision of the Italian architect Petro, this is the residence of Caliph Abdullah Ban Al Sayed Mohammad (Torsheen), the successor of El Mahdi.

Al Qasr Museum Al Jamaa St, presidential palace, Khartoum Tues-Sun 9:00am - 12:00pm First Friday of the month: guard change at 9:00am This museum displays the presidential history in Sudan throughout different eras: old cars, medals, rare paintings and musical instruments are part of the collection.

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British Council 14 Abu Sin St PO Box 1253 Central Khartoum Tel: + 249 187 028 000 Fax : + 249 183 774 935 http://www.britishcouncil.org/africa-sd-contact-us. htm Goethe institute Al Mek Nimr St, Block No 8, plot No 2 PO Box 1866 Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 777833 / Fax: + 249 183 779377 http://www.goethe.de/ins/su/kha/deindex.htm

Clubs and Sports

El Mahdi Tomb

National History Museum Al Jamaa St, Khartoum Tues - Sun 8:00am - 1pm Fri 8:00am - 1:00pm / 3:00pm - 6:00pm The National Museum of History exposes the wide variety of wide life in Sudan, with many birds and animals.

Art Galleries Rashid Diab Arts Center El Gireif, West, Block 83 PO Box 263 - Khartoum Tel: + 249 55 18 00 58 http://www.rashiddiabartscentre.net/indexen.php info@rashiddiabartscentre.net Working hours: Saturday through Thursday 9am - 3pm

Cultural centers French Cultural Center Ali Dinar St, PO Box 1568, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 79 80 35 / 36 / 37 Fax: + 249 183 77 51 39 www.ccfkhartoum.info/ccfkrt/profile.htm info@ccfkhartoum.net

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Sudanese people are not very keen on sports. Yet, there are some places where you can go to exercise.

All the luxurious hotels offer a gym and a swimming pool. But unless you’re staying there, the fee can be quite expensive. There are other alternatives: Sudan Lawn Tennis Association and JJ’s gym – Africa Road Tel: + 249 183795473 Fax: + 249 912232068 khaled.talaatfared@gmail.com The tennis club is held by a from Wimbledon tournament contender and offer several tennis and squash courts. Possibility to take lessons.

The gym club next to it gathers a nice crowd of both Sudanese and expats. Good place to meet new people. (about 180SDG/month) There are many clubs around the city like the Greek club or the German club where you can pay a fee to enter and use the pool, basket ball or tennis court. They are mostly frequented by expats during weekends.

Greek Club Near Al Musalamia Bridge and Assaha hotel/ restaurant in Khartoum Centre Tel: + 249 183467577 Swimming pool fee: 20SDG. Volley ball, Tennis Nice and cheap food and juices German Sudanese Club Amarat Street 1

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For swimming pool (25SDG fee) Try also the Coptic club for barbecue, the Syrian Club, the International (American) Club (all in Amarat) or the Pickwick Club at the British embassy (al Baladia Street, Khartoum). But for these ones, you should go with a member of the club.

Blue Nile Sailing Club Nile Avenue, Khartoum For about 50 SDG you can have a ride around the Tuti Island for about one hour.

Bowling Z Bowling, Afra Mall Tel: + 249 9 121 31165 Burri Family park Burri District, Near Reyad Nice place to have good family time. Offers several rides: dodgems, boat ride, airplane roundabout, car roundabout, balloon type roundabout, rocket trip etc.

Each ride costs 2 SDG (in addition to entry fee) Cold drinks and snacks are available on site.

Horse Racing The horse races take place at the Sudanese equestrian federation’s racetrack on Friday afternoon between November and July in the South of Khartoum.

CENTRAL REGION WHERE TO GO The sixth cataract – Sabaloga gorge About 60miles north of Khartoum (2hours and a half drive with a 4x4).

Jebel Awlia About 30miles south of Khartoum. Paved road all the way. The construction of this dam ended in 1937.

It now offers a nice spot for picnics, camping, birdwatching and fishing.

Aba island Kosti and Rabak are secondary cities around 4 hour drive away south of Khartoum. They don’t offer much interest but you can find there the beautiful and quiet Aba Island with nice beaches.

It is also the fief of El Mahdi. He spent a lot of time there and built a mosque where he taught the Quran and attracted many people from the region. His house there is now a university.

Southern Kordufan is said to be one of the most beautiful places in Africa. It has a big tourism potential even though is hasn’t been exploited yet. Some places are worth seeing, such as Mieri, Alshatat, Rashad, Mandi, Dullami and Haiban.

Jebel Awlia

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El Mahdi House

El Obeid The capital of North Kordufan is a major crop marketing centre and offers cash crops like gum Arabic, sesame, peanuts… it is mainly populated by farmers practicing rain-fed agriculture and livestock farming. It is connected to Khartoum by a pretty decent motorway, a railway line, and regular flights.

WHAT TO SEE AND DO NORTHERN REGION Atbara The city is located 530 km North of Khartoum at the junction of the Nile and Atbara River. It lies on the eastern bank of the Nile north of Ed Damer, to which it is connected by a narrow old bridge across Atbara River. Atbara is a hub for the railway and an important railroad manufacturing centre. A large part of the population there lives from the railway activity. In 1898, the city witnessed a battle between Lord Kitchener and the Mahdists which led later on to the victory of the British in Omdurman. Atbara is also known as a fief for

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communism, maybe because it is the home of the first union in Sudan, from the railway workers.

Dongola Dongola is a city of historic and commercial significance located half way between Khartoum and the borderline with Egypt. This is the capital of the Northern State and the main producer of palm dates, wheat cereals and fruits. The region boasts a number of archeological sites pertaining to Nubian and Islamic eras. Historically, Old Dongola was the capital of a Christian kingdom. It is connected to Khartoum by an asphalt motorway and by rough land roads to other main towns of the State and Northern Kordofan.

In order to relieve Gordon, the British Nile expedition of 1884-1885 had to pass through the city and the regiments ended up racing on the Nile, which gave the name of the English competition “dongola racing”.

Karima This small market town, 400km from Khartoum, on the eastern bank of the Nile is near the ancient

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Southern tribe

capital of the Kushite Kingdom (Napata), at the foot of the Gebel Barkal, where the most beautiful pyramids are found. Karima serves as the main port for the downstream river and is the terminus for the railway from Abu Hamed.

Shendi Shendi is located 150km north Khartoum on the way to the Meroe pyramids. It is the home of the Jaa’alin tribe and a hub for trade in the area. The activity relies essentially on cotton and other basic agricultural production.

Wadi Halfa This is one of the oldest Sudanese towns, located in the extreme north of the country. When the Egyptian Aswan Dam was constructed in the 1960s, the city was severely affected by the flood. Thus, the inhabitants had to be relocated in “New Wadi Halfa” in mid-eastern Sudan.

However, another town with the Wadi Halfa name now exists near Lake Nasser and is a harbor for goods and people traveling between Egypt and Sudan.

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SOUTHERN REGION WHERE TO GO Juba The capital of the South Sudan is the largest city in the region. It has a beautiful landscape and offers the possibility to go on safaris. Juba can be an escape from Khartoum for a weekend as it has a very different atmosphere. People are mainly Christians there and the nightlife is more developed than in the capital.

Accommodations and restaurants are widespread in the city.

Imatong Mountains Near the Ugandan border, these mountains are the home of interesting tribes. The Mount Kinyeti is the highest peak, with 3,187 meters.

Kau This pretty village of stones houses lies in a baobab forest, not far from the source of the clear water of Jabal Iskat, at the foot of the mountain.

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Malakal This important river port is the capital of the upper Nile State. However, the tensions in the region can affect the transport of goods and passengers.

Wau The capital of Bahr El Ghazal State is the third city of the area after Juba and Malakal. It is also well connected to Khartoum and other cities thanks to the railway line and many routes.

EASTERN REGION The eastern part of Sudan is bordered by the Red Sea on 750km. it is reputed to be one of the most fantastic place for snorkeling, diving and underwater photographs. The Sudanese coast has two prominent features: coastal lagoons, locally called mersas, and reefs, called shaab in Arabic. The mersas are protected embayment of the sea in the fringing reef, as for example Mersa Kuwei, or cut into the coastal plain well beyond the general coastline, as for example Port Sudan.

WHERE TO GO

wooden bungalows, restaurant, scuba diving, and snorkeling.

Arous resort Port Sudan info@arousresort.com / www.arousresort.com Scuba Diving following International standards set forth by S.S.I, jet-ski’s, ATV’s (quadbikes),Boating, snorkeling and fishing trips.

Coral Port Sudan PO Box 105 Port Sudan Tel: +249 311 83 9800 / Fax: +249 311 83 1183 info@coral-portsudan.com www.coral-portsudan.com Coral Port Sudan is ideally located at the entrance of Port Sudan harbour with panoramic views of the Red Sea and the city.

WHAT TO SEE AND DO Port Sudan is a quiet town along the Red Sea where you can relax having a look at the fish market,

Port Sudan Established in 1905 during the colonial era, Port Sudan is today the Sudan’s main port on the Red Sea and has more than 500,000 inhabitants. It is also the starting point for some of the world’s best diving tours. This area was the base for the famous Commandant Cousteau exploration team.

Port Sudan is connected to other main cities by a railway and a motorway, regular flights to Khartoum and has maritime links with Europe and the Middle East. The economy relies on the port and its exports of agricultural products (sesame, gum Arabic, cotton…) and on the refinery which is linked to Khartoum with a 850km long pipeline which was completed in 1977.

WHERE TO STAY AND EAT Sudan Red Sea Resort Port Sudan-Suez, 30km north of Port Sudan info@sudanredsearesort.com www.sudanredsearesort.com The Sudan’s first Eco Camp Resort based on the Sudanese Red Sea offers accommodation in

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Port Sudan

walking by the promenade and enjoying its cafes and the swimming pool, observing the huge ships’ activity in the port…

Diving and snorkeling The area of Port Sudan offers some wonderful spots to dive with a wide diversity of coral reefs and a rich marine life. In fact, the Red Sea is famous for its plants and animals, alike the Indian Ocean, but

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some of them are exclusively found in the Red Sea. Dolphins, barracuda, tarpon, giant herring, salmon herring or milkfish, soldier fish, goggle eye and rock cod can be easily observed when diving around Port Sudan. There are also more than 320 species of sharks, including the tiger and hammer sharks. But shark attacks are very rare and they wouldn’t attack you unless you provoke them. The Red Sea also offers a nice variety of whale species, including the pilot whale, giant blue whale or the killer whale.

Some nice spots are worth seeing, like Shab Suadi, the “Blue Bell” ship still loaded with Japanese cars, Shab Rumi and the Cousteau’s Precontinent II station, Sanganeb reef, Wingate reef, Abington or Angarosh…

Just outside Port Sudan, the sunken ship Umbria is among the most beautiful sites to dive and take underwater pictures in the world. The boat is well conserved and easy to access, with a good visibility.

However, one of the only ways to admire the coral reefs is to hire a boat. Hotels offer various kinds of excursions.

Other agencies are available too: Ishtar Tel: +249 912341099 contact Yosko 0912341099@sdn-mobinet.net Yosko will offer you a great experience, taking you on diving trips on the wooden boat.

Sawakin This ancient city is located 58 kilometers south of Port Sudan. Its name comes from the era of King Solomon and Queen of Saba. It is built on a sea bream island and surrounded by a fence with five gates to monitor the incomers and out goers. The most famous one is Eastern Sudan Gate. The island is connected to the shore by a bridge. Two miles away from the island, there are eight monitoring towers.

The city is built of bream painted stones, with a particular design. Sawakin, which use to be the most important harbor of the Red Sea, was the residence of Bija Kings. Ships and vessels destined for the Indian Ocean, the Arabian Sea and the Arabian Gulf sailed in and off Suakin. West African pilgrims travelling to Mecca gathered at Suakin before crossing over the Red Sea to the Arab peninsula.

The town lost its importance when, in 1905, the port was moved 50 km northwards to Port Sudan. Suakin was abandoned and consequently disintegrated into ruins. Efforts are being exerted to revitalize the

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historical port and more and more passenger ships have begun to moor at Suakin.

Wad Medani One of Sudan’s main towns, Wad Medani is also the capital of the rich agrarian state of EI Gezira and the base of the Gezira Scheme Board, which administers the large cotton and wheat plantations. Located 186 km south of Khartoum on the western side of the Blue Nile, Wad Medani is host to representatives of many Sudanese tribes who have been attracted by cultivation work offered by the vast Gezira project.

Arkwiet Located 30 kilometers east of Sammad city, on the road connecting Port Sudan to Kassala, Arkwiet is the first Sudanese summer residence. It is a high land, 4000 feet above the sea level and it is surrounded by mountains, facing the sea and green valleys. This place enjoys a 12-months-a-year ideal climate, charming sites and rare plants and trees.

The tomb of Prince of East, Osman Dignah, can also be observed in Arkwiet.

Kassala Kassala is a sweet city surrounded by hills in Albotanah Valley, on the delta of Algash River, near the Eritrean border. Kassala was founded by the Egyptians in 1834 as a military post and was held by the Mahdists from 1885 to 1894. It is the centre of the Khatemiya brotherhood, which opposed the Mahdi family in the 19th century. It has a souq selling handicrafts and silver jewellry. The city has a reputation for breeding Bushari camels and organizing traditional camel races every Tuesday.

Sanganaib Sanganaib is a coral reef island, 25 kilometers east of Port Sudan. It is a good spot to observe sharks, dolphins and octopus. The beacon on the island guides the ships. It is considered as one of the most brilliant place worldwide to practice diving.

Arous Village This touristic village, 50 kilometers north of Port Sudan was establish intentionally to welcome people coming to dive or take under water photos.

In fact, a ship sunk in 1937 in Ambrya and it has turned into a heaven for sea bream. It is now one of the most popular sites for under water photo.

Islands There are some inhabited islands on the Red Sea, like Um Goroush, north of Port Sudan, well known for its sharks, or Mukouar and its wild goats. There

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are also many sea bream islands with sand coastal and attracting many fish species.

WESTERN REGION El Fasher The town has played an important political and social role in the history of Darfur. It is now the capital of North Darfur State and an important trade centre. The palace of the last sultan of the Fur ruling dynasty, Ali Dinar, built in 1912, is a special touristic attraction but the area still remains quite unsafe.

El Geneina The city is on the southwestern border of Sudan, close to the republic of Chad. El Geneina is the hometown of the Messalit tribe and a transit and customs outpost for persons travelling overland to Chad, Cameroon, Niger and other countries of western Africa.

Meroe The archeological site of Meroe is one of the most impressive of the country. It is located four miles north of Kaboushya, about four hour drive north of Khartoum. The city of Meroe, built during the 4th century BC, was the capital of the kingdom and contains the ruins of the royal palaces, temples and a bathroom of Hellenistic inspiration. They have been seriously destroyed by the Italian treasure hunter Ferlini in the 19th century.

The Amun temple of Meroe is the second largest sanctuary ever built in the country after the one located at Gebal Barkel. These monuments reflect the highly developed architectural techniques at that time. Meroe was the political capital too, and a very important religious centre, as the number of temples shows. The Sun temple represents a unique architecture in the Sudan. It is located between the royal city and the pyramids. It was probably built to celebrate a military victory of the King of Meroe.

Nyala Situated at the end of the western railway from Khartoum, Nyala is the capital of the South Darfur state and the departure point for excursions to the Jebel Marra. There, meat and other food can be purchased for treks through Jabel Marra. There are customs formalities for travellers leaving the Sudan for Chad or Central Africa. Hotels and restaurants are available and air connections to Khartoum are regular.

Jebel Mara This extinct volcano of 3,070 metres high is located in a range of mountains in western Darfur State with waterfalls, rivers and volcanic lakes in an area of outstanding beauty. The climate is mild with rain almost the entire year, which allows for dense vegetation and fruit trees such as citrus and apple and the cultivation of cereals and vegetables. Jebel is home to the Kudu gazelle. The town of Nyala lies at the foot of the mountains and there is a goodquality road between Nyala and Jebel.

Archeological sites Sudan is one of the richest countries in the world in terms of archeological sites. A large number of these are located along the Northern borders in the Nuba region. But in 1964, because of the Aswan Dam built in lower Egypt, many sites were flooded.

Some artifacts could be saved and transported into the National Museum which now has an impressive collection.

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Al Nagaa Located 59 kilometers north east of Khartoum and 35 kilometers east of Wad Bannaga, it is one of the most important sites of the Meroe civilization. It hosts the Abadamak Lion temple, dedicated to the lion headed god, build by King Nitkami and Queen Amani Teari during the 1st century BC, the Romanian kiosk, with its Romanian-egyptian style and the temple of God Amon.

Wad Bannaga This site is located besides the Nile, about 60km south of Meroe. The most important building on this site is the palace of the Queen Amani Shaketo who ruled during the 1st century BC.

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Al Musawwarat Es Sufra This site lies on “Wadi Albanat” valley, 15km east of Al Nagaa, and 30 km of the Nile River and gathers many temples, including the Queen Amani Shakeet royal palace. The Apadamak temple has been erected here by King Arekamani (3rd century BC).

This is the earliest temple built for the Meroetic God. The “Great Enclosure” at Musawwarat Es Sufra is particular and unique in the whole Nile valley. This is a vast complex of temples, corridors and statues of elephant gods inscribed in the walls. The absence of contemporary cemeteries and habitations leads to the assumption that the site was a pilgrim center where periodic religious events were celebrated.

Sanum Abu Doum The idol of Abu Doum, from the times of the Nabta Kingdom, lies on the new Meroe city. A big temple of King Terhaga and a cemetery can be found there.

Al Barkal Mountain The capital of the Nabta Kingdom is one of the most important archeological sites in Sudan. Located on the eastern bank of the Nile, this ancient city gathers many temples, pyramids and palaces, including the palace of King Ntka Mani (12BC to 12 AF).

Nouri Residential areas, a cemetery and temples from various eras compose this site located on the eastern bank of the river.

Karma Located 53km north of Dungla, Karma gathers various kinds of archeological treasures from different eras, from BC to the Islamic era.

El Kuro Dating from the Nabta Kingdom, El Kuro is composed of a cemetery and temples, located 15km south Kerima city.

WILD LIFE AND NATIONAL PARKS With a naturally diverse flora, with a desert in the north, a savanna in the south, a tropical forest in the southwest and mountains in the east, Sudan has a wonderful fauna.

The wildlife has been playing a key role in the Sudanese traditions. Authentic residents of wild life park still perform primitive hunting to get food, medicines and clothes. Some tribes use wild animal organs in their folk dance: Mesery tribe uses ostrich feathers while Dainka

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uses “Sultan Algroud” (Sultan Monkeys) leather, and the Sholuk tribe uses tiger leather as a gesture of knighthood. Arabic tribes in Darfur and Kordufan hunt with lances on horseback to show braveness. Animal husbandry and stockbreeding are widely developed and sufficient for supplying animal proteins for the national market and exports. Sudan is even said to have enough resources to feed the whole Africa.

In the 1930s, Sudan was one of the first countries in Africa to designate wildlife protection areas.

Sudanese wild life parks gather some 237 different species of animals and around 960 species of birds; quarter of it comes in winter from Europe, Eastern Asia and Siberia.

On the other hand, there are 150 species of reptiles and 400 species of fishes in the Red Sea and 108 in the rivers. Certain species are confined to specific localized areas, while others migrate according to the seasons.

Wadi hawar National Park This park was established by decree in 2001. It occupies around 1 455 300 hectares, in the area in between North Darfur, North Kudorfan and Northern States. The park is rich in many species of animals and plants, such as gazelles, wild rats, foxes, reptilian and birds.

Al Hassaniya Mountains Created in 2003, the park of 8500 km² provides a habitat for gazelles, rabbits, wild cats, reptilians and birds.

Sanganaib Maritime Park This Red Sea park is well known for its fast sea bream, sea plants and many other fish’s species.

Three different species of sharks can also be observed in this area.

Danganab Maritime Park It was established in 2003 over an area of 300km² and it shelters many sea birds such as kittiwakes and sea gulls.

Dinder National Park Established in 1935 at the north east corner of the Sennar State and covering part of the Blue Nile and Gadarif States, this park has a surface of 890 000 hectares. It gathers buffalos, cane bucks, water bucks, monkeys, lions, hyenas, wild cats, wild fowls and bustards.

It is one of the most important parks and allows observing traditional music and dances of the local tribes living in the area.

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Southern National Park With its 2300 000 hectares, this park created in 1939 is famous for its white rhinoceros, elephants, wild pigs, buffalos, bucks, green guenons, African dogs, wild cats and civet cats.

Boma National Park Established in 1986, in an area of more than 2 million hectares in the Eastern equatorial region, the park is the home of zebras, hippopotamus, buffalos, bucks, gazelles, elephants, cane bucks, water bucks, lions, tigers, monkeys, African dogs, hyenas, crocodiles and ostriches.

Nemoly Park This park, created in 1954 over an area of 4000 hectares, shelters rhinoceros, African elephants, hippopotamus, wild pigs, water bucks, monkeys, lions, tigers, hyenas, African dogs, wild cats and ostriches.

Badengilou National Park Created in 1975, this park which covers 1650 000 hectares has rhinoceros, African elephants, hippopotamus, gazelles and rare birds.

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Shambi National Park With its 62Â 000 hectares, this park established in 1993 gathers hippopotamus, African elephants, rhinoceros, wild pigs, water bucks, monkeys, lions, tigers, hyenas, African dogs, wild cats, ostriches and giraffes.

Travel Agencies Intercontinental Travel 9 El Nazir Building, Gamhoria Street, PO Box 862, Khartoum, Sudan Tel: + 249 183 779369, 779254, 774583 Fax: + 249 183 779251 simonaziz@intercontinentalkrt.com www.intercontinentalkrt.com The Italian Tourism Co Ltd Street 27, Al Amarat, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 487961 Fax: + 249 183 487962 info@italtoursudan.com www.italtoursudan.com

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Olympia Travel Agency Al Qasr Street, Abulela New Building, PO Box 2068, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 780092 Fax: + 249 183 781241 olympiatravel@olympiasd.com www.olympiasd.com

Traveller Alamarat Street 19/Africa Road, PO Box 1912, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 798620 / 798622 Fax: + 249 183 798623 / 798624 wisam@travellerair.com www.travellerair.com

Sudan Line Travel & Tourism Agency Qasr Commercial Building, Al Qasr Avenue, Khartoum Tel: + 249 183 795450 / 795451 Fax: + 249 183 783651 www.sudanlines.sd/ssltta.php

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Sources

Newspapers in English: www.english.sudansafari.net www.sol-sd.com www.sudantribune.com www.sunanews.net

Useful websites www.ccfkhartoum.info/ccfkrt/profile.htm www.doingbusiness.org www.economywatch.com ec.europa.eu www.fdi.net www.mof.gov.sd www.inthecity.sd www.lonelyplanet.com/sudan www.sudaninvest.org

www.sudanembassy.org sudanesefuture.com understandingsudan.org www.uofk.edu wikitravel.org/en/Khartoum www.winne.com www.worldbank.com www.worldinfozone.com www.worldtravelserver.com

Sources www.africaneconomicoutlook.org CIA: www.cia.gov Ministry of Agriculture: www.sudagric.gov.sd Ministry of Industry: www.industry.gov.sd Ministry of Investment: www.sudaninvest.org Ministry of Finance and National Economy: www.mof.gov.sd Ministry of Transport: www.mot.gov.sd World Trade Organization: www.wto.org www.mfw4a.org www.economywatch.com www.worldbank.org www.cia.gov www.farmlandgrab.gov www.inexmundi.com www.fao.org www.dfat.gov.au www.iacci.org

www.sudantribune.com www.newvision.co.ug www.nationsencyclopedia.com www.brittanica.com www.sudani.com www.unops.org www.sudanvisiondaily.com www.travelblog.org www.economywatch.com www.eia.doe.gov www.treas.gov www.africaneconomicoutlook.com www.eia.doe.gov wwwleoearth.org www.bloomberg.com www.reuters.com www.mbendi.com www.photius.com

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