Giá Trị Triết Học Tôn Giáo Trong Truyện Kiều by ELEARNING SOS

THfcI{ THIEN.,'"{IF

/s't't

:,I:

-t

Gi6o.su Tiiin.rT pql.H9â&#x201A;¬r.\&i;-l&oo Soigon *&.*.Vt\,no;ll

currrc trnor TAC-GIA DA

XUA'I.BAN

l,-

' KrNH UA'r-*r4r Xi{AN GIAC (A#{) Hii Ph0t gido Trurrg-1rhun xu6l'bqrt

2.- 'rRA(}

Dol vAN"uon vliiT-Nnra Piirrg

Nlr fr"BAN (i,ir)

Pl;''3rr11

4.-

'fruiif- tIgC Zull Uap t) (i,t liirt :lt'i' l',,i1 rruBr'- Hgc zEN. \t6p ttt

5..

LICH-SLr TL.r-TLI'clNC Nn4,r-sAN

3.-

6.- PHaT-GI/"!O

VIEr-NAM XIJR VA

xu6

t-btin

)l ,) ))

trlv

8.-

rrfiu

tnmueg

f;rmp$m

crAo-nqic NHaT-BAN HI$N-DAI

B? vdn-tl5s Gido-Dqc

sE_

t ON$IK 0

crA.TRI rntEr-I{gc TON'GIAO TRoNG TRL'YEN

0ih Irl IriiBtl IOt t

xu dt- bd n

trU!-BAN' l.- zEN vA THI-CA i{iIaT'BAN

2.- .LICH-SLr

VA, TRIaT'Lv ZEN

(

3.- CHIIA BENH B,A,NG PHU"ONG PHAP

ZEN

:il

4.. LICH-SII VA VAN-HOA A-CHAU

Giir:

50$li

Do r{G.

pnuo'Nc XuAr-sAN t

ruicH rHtrN,Att

,\ ,.,

i t''

Gido-su

,tt

Ti6n-sT

Bgi-Hpc Vdn-Khoo Soigon vir Vgn-Hgr

I {i

lri

*,..,

GIA-TRI TRIfiT'HQC r0N-Gttfo moNG IRUYIN

rfiu

(rt-NrEr* zoo tqAm rHl-HAo NouvEN-ou

**-

DONc.pHuoNc xuAr.snN

r9.66

%,an n/otr' ,ffircrit

da'n

Sau 6u6i thuydt-trinh vE d6'tdi Gi6'tri trifit'hpc <<

t6n'gi5o trong TruyQn K;eu

> cta Thaqng'Tpa

lhien'An, Khoa.trt&ng Phan'khoa

Vdn

Thich

' hpc

v'i

Khoa-hpc Nh6n.vdn, Vien Dai'hpc Vgn'Hvnh, ki6m lru&ng-ban Sir'hoc, Dfi'hpc Ven'Khoa Saigon tqi thinh.dr:dns Qudc'7ia Am'nha" vd Kich'nghf', ngF'v 21-11,1965, vi sau khi dai ph6t'thanh Saison' ViQt.Tdn-Xa, c6c b6o-chi Thi'd6 ttdns'thufit n1i'

thuy6t'trinh, cd mft sd rftt d6ng c6c si6i dbns'hio Phat'tb & Thfi'd| vA cilc Tinh, nhfit ld gi6i hlc'sinh sinh'vi6n g&i tho vE xin Thusng.Tpa bai 5v db tdn tdi 'liQu nshi6n'

dung

kdt'qud c&a bubi

c(ru,

Vdi

TAC.GIA

CIT

cdm-tinh vd

sr.

h6m"m0

crta

gui v!'

'[htqng.Tga rfit cdm'kich' Nhung vi sd tho g&i v6 y\u,cbu rfit nhi6u, mi Thuqng 'Ipa thi qu6 b6'bQn c6ng viQc ndn kh6ng thb ldm vla ldng m\i vi dtqc' Thuqnq,Tpa c6 nha'7 dra ddn nhd nhd xuft'bdn D6nq'phrctng gidi'quydt, hof;c in bdng Ron6o hofc in thinh sSch g&i cl6n lin tav qui v!'

BAN QUYEIII

ii ,.}

mft hbi thdo"lu6n, ch(irtq t6i chpn giii. phep tht hai, ttc la in thinh s6ch db trvc.ti\p g&i Sarr

d\ntay qui v! da vi6t tho vd y)u . cdu, vd gi6n - ti6p cdng.hi1n c6c si6i ddns-bio Ph6t-tfr, nh\t ld nhtns vg da c6 cdm-tinh vd rtns-hQ cho nhi xuSt.bdn D6ng"phu'ong td trrdc ddn nay.

thay loi

Mqc'dich crta chrtns t6i trrns khi dn"hinlr cudn sSch nly chi c6 th6, vi n6u hun nira thi cdng kh6ng ngoiti mqc-dich thuy\t.trinh cta Thuqng.Tpa le, <<Khai-th6c mlt khia-cvnh - khia-canh tri6t, hbu g6p mQt hpc t6n . giSo trong TruyQn Ki6u vAi i,ki6n v6 Truy€n KiEu trong vdn-din Vigt-Nam, dbng.thdi cang db ggi Id m6n qud vdn-nEhQ trong

dip ki',ni!m De.nhi-bach

chu-ni6n crta ntQt nhd van

tiiln"b6i, Cu Ti6n.Di6n Nguydn-Du

t>.

Nhin co-hQi n}y chfrnq t6i cfrng xin g&i ddn clui v! dQc"gid xa gin lhng chin"thinh tri-6n crta nhit xuSt-bdn Ding.phuang vi hy.vpng rdng: Du6'i sq tSn"trq vi gifip'do c|a qui v!, trong mQt tconglai glln diy, ch(tng t6i sE c6 dl phtong.ti€n d6 ti6p.tuc xuit,bdn nhong tSc"phTm giS"tri crta nhi6u nhi vin, nhi b6o vd hpc.gid hou'danh, hdu cungftng cho nhu-ciu vdn.h6a vd dSp.Ong lpi mft pht)n nAa thinh.tinh crta qui v!, Soigon, Xu6n Binh-Ngq Trdn trgng, NHA XUAT.BAN BoNo.pHuONG

gifi thi$u

FFI 'I' hinh.dodng T rfirng Qubc-gia Am.nhqc ud K[ch-nghe thuQc B0 Gido - Dqc & ifudng Nguy6n- Du udo hdi g gitr sdng Chh-nhQt 2r-rr-196S dd ddng nghgt ktuin-

gid.

khrin.gid hay ndi ddng han Id thinhgid gdm todn giti tri-thwc, udn-nghQ-si it' Thh-i16, phdn il6ng Id girio-sw Dq.i-hgc, Trung-hgc, sinh.vi*n vd hgc-sinh. Ngtiri ta whc - fugng cd t&i mdy ngdn ngvdL Sb ghA ffong thinh-dtirng ild kh6ng dh cho thinh-gid ngdi, & nhftng ddy ghb phta

sau dd thdy cd z ngairt ngdi chung mAt ghb, hofic a ngriri ngdi chung r ghA kAsdt tqi nhau, C sdt tlrdng vd. ngod.i cira,

nhidu ngadi dbn mu\n dA phdi fung

ehen-chic.

M\t bidu"ngir mdu trdng ndt

bdt hdng chir dd t < K!-nigm hai trdm nd.m dqi'thi-hdo NguY6'n-Du tt. Budi ndi chuyQn dayc dd.t dv&i quydn chh-tga cha Thayng-Tpa ThIch'

.. ft

Minh-Chdu, ViQn-trw&ng ViQn Dqi - hpc Vqn - Hgnh ud Gido-st Nguy6,n - DdngThqc, H\i-ta&ng HQi ViQt-Nam Nghi6n' ctru Li6n-lgc Vdn-hda A-Chdu. TrOn hdng ghb danh-dty, ngabi ta nhdn thdy cd mQt sb gido - str ud hpcgid danh-tibng nfur qut 6ng NguydnKhdc-Kham, NghiLm - Thdm, Nghi6mTodn, Bbu-Cdm,,, Ngodi ra, Iq.i cbn c6 qui ui dqi-dign cdc ca-quan ngoqi-qubc nhtr z Ca-quan uiQn-try Vdn-hda A-Chdu, Jri, Th6ng-tin Hoa - I$t, ctic cu - quan

Vdn-hda, Th\ng-tin cha ngtdi Vigt gbc Hoa, cing rdt d6ng dqi-diQn cdc caquan Thdng-tin, Bdc-t-chi trong ntthc ua ngogi-qubc.

Eting g gid 3o, Gid.o-st

NguYOnmqc-

Ddng-Thqc long-trgng gi6i -thiQu 8

dtch vd dairngJbi phqng-stq udn-hda ddn-t7c cha HOi VieFNam Nghiiln-cvu Li6n-tqc Vdn-hda A-Chau vd Dqi-h7c Vdn-Khaa Vgn-Hgnh. Sau d6, gitio-str Thqc dd trinh-bdy dqi-ctang vd cdng cuQc td-chwc le kjt-niQm zoo ndm Dqithi-hdo Nguy\n - Du u&i ba budi n6i chuyQn md buai di\n-thuybt ngay h6m nay Id bu\i thtr ba. 'ndi chuyQn Cdt u d,inh r cha budi ndy, khi\n thtnh-gtd hdm-mQ han hbt Id dbn nghe mQt v! danh+dng tr[.thac cha c*a Thidn phdn-tdch vd nQi-dung m\t tdc-phdm trtr-tinh, ldng-mgn danh-tibng nhdt trong cdc dng udn N6m & thA - ki rg-Tdc-pham dd Id cubn <, Doqn-trabng Tdn-thanh, cha Nguy\n-Du uibt bdng thu lac-bdt, V! danh-tdng trI-tfubc dicngid td Thwyng-Tsa Thtch Thi6n- Ar, Tibn - si Vdn - chatng, Khoa - trt&ng Phdn-khoa Vdn-h7c ud Khoa-hgc Nhdnvdn, ViQn Dgi-hgc Vqn-Hqnh vd Tra&ng' ban Sb-hgc, Dqi-hgc Van-khoa Suigon.

\ :-

r.:::::-;ta::;.

-:.. *,,'.t

:'..-:j*.F

*..

DAlfl thuybt-trinh td < Gid-tr! tribt-hpc

trong TrttYQn Kidu >' Theo chrung-trinh ild d[nh, bdi ndi chuyQn cha Thwyng'T ga Thtch-Thi6n' An td phdn kbt-thrtc cha lc ki''niQm zoo tOn-gitio

ndm Dgi-thi-hd.o NguYdn-Du' Sau khi Gido-sv NguY\n'Ddng-Thqc gifui-thiQu di6n-gid, v{..Tdng-si,gid'o-stt bqi-hpi Vdn - khoo tibn l6'n dicn-ildn giio;ra"g phdotay hdm-mQ cha khdn-gid' Dicn-gid, v! danh-tdng Tibn-si Vdn' chaxng v&t ddng-digu khoan-hba' dinhdqc, i6t mQt trbn-tr[a phuc-hqu, chi v&c tr\n dtfri bbn chqc tudi' D6i tir;ne -tinh-anh ndp sau cQ'p ki'nh vien-thi mdt trdng cilng vti chi6'c tdng-bdo rQng mdu dd (ndu t|.d, y'phqc cho Tdng-si Bdci6rg, cd tE td nhirng ybu-tb chinh khibn 6i6n'-gid ngay tit nhirng phrtt d'du dd thiQn' h.odnltodn ittnt-pnlc dvyc nhidu cdm --' c&a khdn-gid' Bdng mQt- gigng d6:-ddng' trdm-&m cha C6-iI6 Hub, Thwgng'T7o ThtchIO

An dhng cdu nggn-ngtr T dy-phrung uTha ld ngadi,t (Le Style C'est l'homme) dd mtnh.xtic mbi twang-quan giira thi' ta vd nQi-tdm (tinh-thaang, !,-chi) cha Nguy*n-Du, tdc-gtd cubn t Doqn-traitng Tdn-thanh > ld tdc-phdm md ldt nira ddy, ilien-gid sE ldn-fugtt phdn-ttich ud < giri-tri tribt-hgc t6n-gitio , nha dd ghi & ddu-ild bd.i thuybt-trinh ngdy h6m nay. Trong phdn m& ddu", di6n-gid dd T hi6n-

tdi mi6u.td kh6o-ldo cha Nguy1nDu khi daa mdu ngadi trong TrryQn Kidu udo nhirng thdng-trdm, vinh-nhqc ca-ngyi

cha cuQc ihiri, cing uti nhirng tinh-cdm uui budn thaang ghdt trong nhftng trgnghubng tan-hyp bbo-mdy cha tfuyc trgng

xd-h\i; rdi (ir d6, dicn-dqt

mQt quan' niQm tribt-lfr nhdn-sinh, m\t giti-tri tribthgc t6n-gitio. TruyQn Kidu theo lt dicn-gid qud Id m\t tdc-phdm <<di udn tdi dgor,, kh6ng thl khdt-khe ph6.binh td phi-ilqo-duc, phi-Iudn-ly. Qudn-chrtng ViQt-Nam il6n

tong thdn-kibp mQt con ngrdi, tdt nhi*n phdi chiu nhtng ndi dau-khd xudt-sinh

Du itd dqa vd.o quan-didm cha nhd PhQt, coi nhdn-sinh vd vfr"tr7 Id v6-thairng, gid-huy6,n, hfru-hqn vd " dau - khd dA xdy-dryng cbt truYQn vd cd, Nguy\n-

di6n-dqt tinh-cdm cuQc d,bi cha cdc nhdn' uQt trong TruyQn, Ngay tb bbn cdu thu m& d,du Truyhn Kidu, NguYdn-Du ild phtic-hqa rd mQt cdnh ilbi dau+hwang do-ndo cila ki6p ngrbi u6i nhirng u6thabng bib,n-dai, thdng-trdm vinh-nfu4c, Chinh cuQc sbng cha k!-ntr Dqm-Ti6n cfing dh Mgng-trang cho didu ndY.

Sau khi thtch - nghia rd-rdng ud ctic n6i dau-khd cha kibp ngrbi theo quan-didm cha nhd PhQt (Thuybt ( Tir-

dbn Khd-db, TQp-d.b, Diebd\, Dqo-il6 ud, < Btit-khd, sanh-kh6, gid-kh6, bpnhkhd, chbt-kh6, cdu kh6ng daYc ld kh6,

xa-lia ngwiri thdn ld kh6, SqP-gd kA odn-thh ld kh6, thdm-tdm kh6ng iliduhba ld khd), v[ Tdng"si dien-gid dd li)gidi n6i dau.khd cha ndng Kidu theo quan-niQm thdng-thabng,

Thrty-Kidu ui

,..

theo drtng d.{nh-l!, chung ud sry kh6-di md phdm ld ngwiri ai cfing phdi nbmtrdi (thdng-trdm, uinh-nhqc, stnh-ly, ttrbiQt.,.). Nhrng Kidu cbn khd-s& eay. ddng han mgt ngtiri nira ui tinh-cdeh ildc-biQt iha u gi6ng da-tinh, (vi nhgy. cdm, thdy mQt ng6i mQ b6n drbng cfing bi-lqy ; vi bibt ldm theo ban-phQn ngabi con hibu md phdi chlu rS ndm ludnlqc; vi da-cdm n6n tdm-ft kh6ng Irtc ndo dtgc tha-thdi : khi thi nh&-tibc cdnh dbi cit, lrtc lqi budn-tht cho cdnh c6-dan lQn-dQn, nh& nhd,.nhf nwhc.,.).

L!,-gidi ndi dau,khd cha ndng Kidu

ildy, di6n-gid nht udn chwa cho Id dh ud cbn n6,u l6n cdu hdi r u Vi sao citng ddng mfi thdn ngviri md ndng Kidu dbn

lqi

b! dga-day, Iao-khd dbn thA ? Ngodi $,-do vi dd mang I&y thdn ngtrdi, ui ph4-thdn, vi gia - bibn, ui m7i ngwiri

trong gia'dinh, cbn c6 l!'-do ndo khdc nira chung ?

xudi r. Trwbng-h\p ndy ild mtnh-chang thwybt nghiQp-bdo ludn-hdi cha nhd PhQt,

Dd gidi-ddp udn'ngn n6u trdn, thuybttrlnh-viiln dd phdn-ttich nguydn-nhdn daukhd cha ndng Kidu theo quan'niQm tibt' I!, PhQt-gUo. SUai Kidu dau-khd han

Nhdn bdn vd thuybt nghiQp-bdo ludn' hdi c&a nhd PhQt, di6n-gid lqi thichnghta thdm tfnh-cdch cha sry chbt theo quan-niem c&a PhQt-gitio vd quan'niQm thing-thairng cha ngtbi A-D6ng. Chbt

ngabi khtic td do cdi td'm tham-drtrc cikp.trrfuc xui-khi\n md ndn' Chtnh Cu Nguyhn-Du dd mi6u-td cdi nguy6'n-nhdn diu-khd cha Kidu td b&i chir <cTinh"

Nbu Thny-Kidu cfing nhw ai, trong khi u ch&p-kinh thng-quyd,n ' bibt cdt iltrt tinh bibt yOu -logivA Kim-Trgng, vai thdn-thich, b&t nhtrng lo-du thwxng-nhf thi n6i khd*dau cha ndng cfing drYc nhg

bbt mQt phdn ndo cltdng ? Chinh chir < tinh'> d.d trdi bu|e ndng Kidu trong ubng lao-ly, c6'dan, nh6" tfu.rang vd d,au-kh6. Ngodi sq hQ-Iqy ui chtr < tinh t t Thrty-Kidu cbn ui n ki6p xta dd vqng dtrdng tu >, nLn kibP ndY phdi ch{u cdnh dpa-ddy dd u ddn bi mfi

theo quan-niQm PhQt-girio chi ld m|t srl thodt-xtic, mQt srg thay-dditrqng-thdi sinhhoqt ttly theo nghi\p-nhdh & tidn-kibp. Ngubi A-OAng udn tturdng tin rdng : Sau khi chbt, vQt-chdt ddu tan-rd, nhtng Iinh-hdnvdn cbn tdn-tai, phdng-phht trong chbn u-linh, thtirng hay tr& vd trdn-thb vi6ng thdm gia-dinh. V-niQm ndy dtgc th\-hiâ&#x201A;¬n r6-rQt & Ibi Ki6u dqn Thuy-Vdn trahc khi rdi gia-dinh, diL c6 chbt cfing sE nwang gi6 vd thdm gia-dinh.

lsi bi-trtc th6'm nguy 6nnhdn ndi-khd cha ndng Kidu, ngodi crii <tdrrr tham-dqc chdp-trwhc>, cbn chiu Di6n-gid cfing

&nk-hw&ng tkwybt nhdn - qud cha PhQt-

g{da, md tdc-gid Nguy\n-Du dd dta cdc

nhdn-vQt trong TruyQn Kidu hvang rngnh dbn ti*u-chudn tq-Igc tty-cadng cha PhQtgidq. Theo quan-niQm tibt-l!' duy-tdm iluy,67t6, cha nhd PhQt thi ch{nh phdn

tdm-thwc cha con ngadi cd tidm-dn mQt sftc mgnh chA+dc. Nhidu khi nhir hdnhui, ng\n ngir vd y-nghi, dit cho thi6n' mQnh tidn.dlnh ili nira, con ngabi vdn sd thd thay-d6i dwyc hiQn'kibp hiQn'bdo c&a chtnh minh.

Ndng Kidu vi oan-ng trtc-khiLn tidn' kibp ndn dd phdi ch{u dga-ddy ludn-lqc t5 ndm, sau nhir thdnh-tdm, thiQn-chi, bi& sdm-hbi t0i-l6i md bibn-itdi dwsc ituyin-nghiQp ngay tong hiQn-kibp, thodtly m4i oan-khi*n tid'n-il{nh, dttgc ttii sbng iau khi tq trdm & s6ng Tidn-Drdng, dl sau cing lqi daqc vui-vdy cdnh ilodn-tq vhi gia-dinh ud chdng Kim.

Da & phdn kbt-cdu cita tuYQn Ktdu ildy uE tix-bi nhdn-ilnc, thich-hyp ttfri tinh-thdn qudng-ihgi c&a Phfut-phtip; di6n' r8

gid lqi

bay-td th6,m z dd cd nhidu ngtdi vin ud.o phdn kbt-luQn c&a truyQn Kidw dd rnta.mai xuydn-tqc Phfut-gida, nhang di6n-gid khdng mubn thanh-minh, bdnhu$c cho,PhQt-gido, vi cho rdng vi\c dd nhw thira. Dien-gid chi mubn nhdn d{p ndy phdn-tdch iy th\m phdn tdm-thwe theo quan-niQm PhQt-gitio coi tdm ld chtftatd cfta mu6n vQt, dQng-ca chtnk thuc-ddy hdnh-dQng.

quan-ilidm * Tam-gi&i ihtytdm, uqn-phdp duy-thwc t ndy, thuy\ttrinh-ui*n dd suy-di6n rQng ra itrd cht?ng. minh c6 sty hQi-ngQ ky-th{t u khdng hgn md. gdp > gitra ngupn cdm-hftng cita cdc thi-nhdn D6ng vd, Tdy trong nhirng cbgdng di6n-dqt tibt-hgc duy-tdm iluy-thwe cha PhQt-gitio, Cfing

ltt

Nt6c tr6i

hoa rqng dd ydn; uHay d,du dia-ngqc & midnnhdn-gian, <<

cha Nguydn - Du dbn cha Trung-Hoa:

rnAt

cha tq-tdm, tntyn ili Sn Tarn-H;rp dd dien-dqt !-tu&ng vd tdm : Cai-ngudn citng & l.bng ngtdi rnd ra,t.

")):,

,,l

( Ngtt3 dm thhy thdnh nhit, ,'

rii t4

Xd dm thity tkdnh it$c rdi suy.di6n dbn bdi tha cha Milton : n

{ ,t

, The mtnd. is rrs own place and in itseli; ,,Cnn rnake a heauen of hell, *'

,:fr

A hell of heavenr.

(Tdrn cd cha no ; Tdm cd

vi-tri

vd" ddc-ttnk ri6ng

;

ftt

ngwiri"

tt.

V! Tdng-si di6n-gid sau htn mQt, gitr ,ddng hd, trinh-bd5t nhffng dt4n-tibn cuQc

thi|n-fu dng }

Dd kht-thrtc phdn chinh c&a bdi thuybttrinh, dien-gi& d,d nhkn ud sac mqnh phicd, tLrwirng arta tdm Tdrn tqo ra. ( thihn-dwbng, d{a-ngec, nibt-bdn, sanh*ttb, PhQt, chting-sanh, hqnh-phrtc, dau-kh6,.. ) ad tdm Id ck&-dQng-lVc cha cuQc diri con

& tqi lbng tan

Chft Tdm kiamhi bdng ba ehirTd.i

th| tqa adnh thiLn-dwdng

qo cdnh d{a-ngqc tr ang

.dh mgi khia-cqnh bi\n-thi\n cha nhdnsinh, mgi thdng-trdm vinh-nhqc cha ndng Kidu, Nguydn-Du dd kbt-ludn nkw sau : u ThiQn-cdn

trlng d{a-ngqc, T

Vd & doqn kbt, sau khi phac-hga ddY-

,t lt

diri ndng Kidu trdn mgi khta-cqnh xd"h6i' ndn-tdng ti\t-hgc, t6n- gitio... ild dirng trttc ildm d6ng khdn-gid xin phdp gqt re ngodi nhirng !-kibn d!-il6ng, nhitng liri khen-ch6 ph6-phdn qua ilbng thiri-gian vd llch-sb itd ilagc xtic-nhQn gid-tri sry ildng-gdp hiru-ich cha Truygn Kidu trong ndn udn.hda ildn-tQc ud nhdn-logi.

Ng;wyen-Du dd t6ng.kyp cd z quanntQm cka NHO vd FHAT vd, slr.c mgnh

2I 20

TI B&ng gigng n6i trdm-&m tuydn-cdm, w6,i liri binh-ths duydn-ddng, dien-gid dd hodn-todn tdm chit thinh-dairng, l6i-cubn vd.ldm khdn-gid say.md theo ddi tbng lbi ttrng chir nhu duyc sbng ngay tongtinhc&m dbi Ki6u. Vi tri-thr?c Tdng-si, tbng tbt-nghiQp khoa St-p1rn* UU td ra ndm

v*ng dvyc nhirng

bi-quybt trong uiQc didn.gidng trw&c qudn-chrtng, ild nhw thbi.mifin dtgc thtnh-gid khibn cho thfnhdwdng cd ilwgc mQt srp im-lrtng tuyht-d.bi trong subt thdi-gian thuybt-trinh.

MQt dw-IuQn il{c-bi7t ddng chn-!, ild nkQn-xdt rdng: qua nghg-thuQt didn-thuybt truydn.cdm, v&i dd-tdi chgn trong m\t cubn truyQn tinh ldng-mgn thiri-c6, nbu khdn-gid kh6ng dayc tQn-trilng ffteck{ch ili6:n-gid t$n mdt md chi nghe gitinti\p nhw qua litn s6ng d,iQn thi kh6ng tdi nda cd thd ngir ndi tdc-gid bdi thuybttrinh &y lqi ld m\t Tdng-si. MQt sb khdn-gid" thuQc thdnh-phdn trt-thtbc vd. sinhati*n d.d ghi-nhQn rdng ; e2

vi Tdng-si di6n-gid

dd r&t thdnh-cdng v&i khuynh-httng hi\n-itqi-hda Phfut-girio, dern Dbi vdo Dgo, ilem Dgo ph6-biAn ra ngod.i

Ddi.

D& sao, bdi thuyht-trinh ndy cfing hQi d& nhtrng ru-ilidm chtnh sau ddy : Ddn !, chdt-ch6, $,-IuQn xdc-fuing ,u&{ nhirng ddn-chang atr-th6, hgp-U.

Tham-btic ddy.ilh cdc ta-w&ng tribt-tr! Ddng Tdy, Kim C6. * frt\t tdi-liQu khdo-cnu uydn-bdc, cdng-phu.

gida-lthoa r&t e6 gi& tri, r&t b6-tch cho cdc gida-sa Trung-hgc, ctlc hgc-sinh dang dpn thi Trung"hgc dC nhdt cdp ud Trt-tdi Phdn ttuI nhdt.

M\t tdi-liQu

Ddy td mQt tdi-tiQu

gido-khoa dfic-

bigt khai-tfuic ud gid-tr! tibt-hgc tin-gitio, ch{u &nh-tur&ng sdu-dQm PhQt-pttdp cha rngt ttic-phdm vdn-chvang c6 gh"i trong 23

chaang-trinh gido-khoa & cdc l6p di thi thuAc bQc Trung-hgc, lqi do chtnh m$:t u! ilanh-tdng tri-tht?c tixng tbt-nghiQp khaa Sa-phqm bi6n-soqn. Bdi thuybt-trinh ndy qud ld mpt tditiQu qui-btiu giup tch khdng tt cho c6ngcuQc tim hidu kho-tdng vd'n-chuang tbihdo c&a ddn-tQc.

I 1r

r;i

rf"

ngdv ?5'll-65 nhu E6tTh0-d6 bdo-chi s6 l6n vd mQt {Trich

6 V.T.X. s6 5373,

Tb, Chdnh-Ego, v.v... do

Qudn tudng-lhuQt).

24 f ')

,*;

' i'

1,.'

Nghi6m-

GIA-TRI TRIET-H9G TON.GTAO TRONG TRUY$N XTEU

":.iffiit{'.i{;ifflfl if,{r+r-ddq"i&**al*i!fftol*q*'+

-;'

i 1

'ij I i

€u

<tthcr

li nguli), thi qua tic-phdm

Truyfn Kidu chring ta c6 th6 thhy

ii;

I I

dtrgc mQt Nguy6n-Du ddy kinh-nghiQm lfch-l5m trOn dudng dli, mQt NguydnDu ddi-dlo tinh-thucrng -vi 1i-chi' dtt phti gip bao nhi€u ttir-ngqi,, gian-truin vi thfr-th6ch. Cii hay c6i dgp ctla Truy6n Kidu kh6ng nh&ng & cho ng6n-tir hoa-10, vin-chuong thim- m!, !,-ttr thilm-trdm phong-phri, nr) cbn d ch6 tilc-gil dd mrqn c6t nguli trong tuyQn dd mi€u$ rnQt c6ch kh6o-16o tli-tinh nhirng thdng-trAm vinh-nhqrc crla cu$c dli, raheng vui budn thvonggh6t ctla con nguli, vi nh&ng t?n.hgp bdo mAy ctla tlrrgc -vqng x5- h$i. Gao xa hon ntra, Nguy6n-Du di d'irng ,TruyQn Kidu dd a7

dtln-d4t mQt quan-ni€m tri€t-if mh6nsinh, rnQt gi| - tri ut|t. - hqc tdn - gi6o. Theo ! ch:ilng t6i, di6m d{c-s*c, ct1a TruyQn Kidu 1) & d6, v) c6 ld vi th€ n6n qudn-chfng ViCt-Nam, nhht lir cd'c gi6i binh-diln dd d6n nh{n Truy$n Kidu nhu mQt vQt thin-y|u, n4cu khdng PhAi lir chinh crla lbng minh, dli minlt. C6-nhin n6i I < Di vin tAi d4o I (IhY vin - chtrong m)r ch& dao-l1f), c3'u n6i hy rht thich-hgp cho TruyQn Kidui" Vi trE hy nln chingt6ikh6ng cldng-f v6'r quanniQm khe-khit cfia mQt s6 ngudi di ph€-binh: TruyQn Kidu Dr mQt tac-phdnn kh6u-gqi lbng ti-dAm dgc-vqng, li viph4m-d€n tian-tg deo - drfc. T'16r l1i, dgc TruyQn Kidu chung ta thbY: blngb4c trong v;n trong lli nh&ng dd'ctinh hy.sinh v&cirn g, nh&ng kharm-nhdn t0t-d0 crla ki€p nhin-sinh thbng-kh6"

Khi dgc TruyQn Kidu dir tArn-hdn c6 sit-di bao nhi€u ta cfing khdng th6 dln lbng mlr kh6ng rung-ckrn' thucvng e8

)

cho n")ng Kidu vi tli-ba b4c-phin 'o thtrcrng cho NguYCn - Du u sinh bht ptering thdi,,, thucrng cho ta, theong <t

cho nhfrng ngudi dd sinh ra trong cuQc do'i phu-,Ju 5o-m$ng 1"" Lbng thucrng Xy li gi, n6u lih6ng phii 1) chir <Nhin' cda Kh6ng - T&, chir

Ki6m-6i

crla Mic-

Tdr, chfr aBfc - 5i> c: ;a d&c Chr3'a vh chfr < Ti-bi, ctra d#c Ph?t ? T'uy nhiOn, & d?'Y ch:d;itg t6i kh6ng nghec&ng kh6ng c6

c6 1i dd-cao giA-tti vdn-chtrcrng

thwQt c&a TruY€n Kidu, y mrubn so-s6nh Nguy6n-Du

v6i nhirng nhlr d4i-v5n-h)o cha nhln-loai. Thi6t nghi viqc 5y coi nhw thira, vi chinh titc-phhm vb tilc-gti* d5 tqr chrirng-minh

cho gi6-tri crla rninli trong qui-trinh v5n-hpc-s& ViQt-Nam v) Th€-gi6'i'

Vi vfly & diY ching t6i chi c6 Y khai-thdc m$t khia:canh -- khia - c4nh tniEt-hgc t6n-gi:io trong TruyQn

Kidu-

hsu g6p rnQt vli nh$n-x6t vd TruyQn Kidu trong vin-dlrn ViQt - Nam, ddng

thli cfing dii ggi l|i m6n qu) vin-nghQ trong dip kli.niQm DQ-nhi-bAch chu-niOn cfia mQt nh} vin tidn-b6i, Cqr Ti€n-Didn Nguy6n-Du mi th6i.

Thua qui vi, Dirng vd khia-c4nh tri€t-hgc t6ngiilo, ching ta thhy : tu-tu&ng triEt-hgc, n6i bgt nhbt trong TruyQn Kidu l) tutu&ng mi6t-hgc crla Ph?t-gifio. Didu ndy cCrng kh6ng l5y gi lim 14, vi nhu chring ta dd bi€t : Nguy6n-Du llr mQt nhi Nhohgc uy6n -thdm v) & mr6c ta thd'i Ay tir Nho-hgc bt6c qua Phit - hqc tht gdn, b&i lE hdu hbt kinh-diidn crla Ph4t-gi|o ddu vi6t bing chil Hin. Yd lqi, s6ng

trong mlnh d\t o dht ldnh chim d{u, v6i truydn-thbng aTam-gilto ddng-quy o ndy thi kh6ng nhtrngmQt minh NguydnDu mi d6n cl c5c nhlr vin-h6a ducrngthbi hdu hlr c$ng ddu lnh-hu&ng b&i tinh-thdn nily. MQt hQ-thbng triEt-hgc xubt-th6 cfra Ph{t-hgc, mQt k}-cuong luin-ly ld,3o

nghia cia Nho- hq., vi mQt khuyrahhudng v6-vi ph6ng-hhoilng cria L5o Trang di hba-hqp v6i nhau nhu nu6c v6i sfra, b6-tdc cho nhau nhu cic b$-

phin trong con ngtrli

di5 t6ng - irqp hba-ddng thlrnh m$t ndn vin-h6a phong. phri mi-l€ qua mhy nghin nim lich-st? d dht nudc nliy. Do d6, TruyQn Kidu v6i Cqr Nguy6n-Du n6i n€,ng, c6E tirc. phim v6i nhirng nhir vdn tidn-b6i n6i chungr lir xiy-dqrng co-s& tr€n ndn-t$ng

trtlt-lf

uTam-grilo

) ey.

Tuy nhi€n, ri€ng vd TruyQn Kidu thi ching ta thby : D& trong d6 c6 nhidu do4n dd-cip d6n nhfrng d4o-nghia htiln-thulng cfia Nho-hgc vlr nhfrng rr6c-vgng tiOu-dao ph6ng-khoing cfia Lio-Trang, nhung ky thdt thi inhhucrng crla Phit-gi6o bao gi& cfing siu-

dim hcrn ci. Th?t viy, di€rn d9c-d6o ctla Tri€thgc Phit-gi6o lir thuyEt - minh srg v6thulng hfru-h4n crla vfr-trq nhin-sinh.

"^; ;;;4{"-

I: *

ngtrli 1u6n 1u6n diQt-sinh' con nsul1 "s:-I

c6c t€-biro trong con

ngay 1l con "gY.ot gicr h6m nal,, gibng s6ng cfia sdngPhrlt crla ;;6, r.t o"g dd"ng vcri gibng kh6c.in":^Y? nftfi ,^7, tt^Y d6i thi l)m sao ma lrcA,-ta, silt-na, nhu th6 haildn? tim dugc mQt gibngsdng trong

"66-Jiqt h6m qua kh6ngphlt

th0rn TuY nhi0n, cfing n0n nh6 tr}ng-thht rilngt chinh nhd nh&ng k0-tr'rc.chuydnsinh-diQt ltru - dqng hy ra ki6P sbng nbi vdi nhau, n'e'l Ae tlo t":,Y hiQn-hiru c&a con ngubi ki?P :::.-::: vd Ri6ng s6ng' gibng .,f" "*o"t

vdi nhfrng '"0-?f'oUng

Ui€n-d6.i ctia n6'

nhln-thuc

C,., fqgryd"-Dt' d1 &ten-td cira nirng Kidu crla minh qua lbi than

diY: bd ! Dau-dfun thaY Phdn ddn chung' Liri rdng Uqi-ie"n cftng tdlbi hda-c6ng' chi bdY Phfi-Phing E 'mdi' ''4 r"'w'-d md h6ng Phot' NgdY xanh mbn' ^r.ni phai

k€t - que

cia ki6p ngwli

vd-

"rhubng bi6n-doi hy, Cq Nguy€n - Du rrong ldi thu{t chuyQn cria Vucrng-quan' gia-nh|n crla hg Vucrng di cho ta hay I Eqm-Ti6n ndng 6y xtrald ca-nlzi, Ndi danh tdi-sdc mQt thi, Xdn-xao ngodi cira hibm gi ybn-anh, PhQn hdng-nhan cd mdng-rnanh,

Nira chirng xudn thbdt gdy

cdnh

thi|n-hrang ! MQt ngudi con glt de rnang n{ng ki6p ,td)o-hoa b4c-mQnh>, di chiu ctrru-rng sb-ph$n n trAm giy binh rcri & n&a chirng xuin> thi l)m gi c6 chdng con gia-dinh, 15y ai m) sin-s6c huong-khdi' sdm vi6ng t6ithirn ? Dwng trudc cinhttrqng vbng-vb qu4nh-hiu cl&;a mQt nhm md ch6n nguli con gAt b4c-mQnh 5y, tAc-giit vi€t : Sd s? nd.m dkt bdn dwirng, Ddu ddu nggn c6, nba vdng nfu a xanh. 35

Rdi

thi: Trdi bao thd liln dc tdn v6-chh ai md vibng tham Ay ^6 Thdt 1)r thO-lucvng io-ndo, thlt

! lA

budn;thl m dau-thr.rcvng cho s6-ph{n crla con ngtrli I Nhtrng, ph|i chdng d6 h k6t - qui chi dd danh n€,ng cho hi6P ngu&i hdn g-nha n b4c-mQnh z. Khdng. Kh6ng nh&ng chi c6nhirng ngtrd'i con gdi chiu s6-ph?n o trim gity binh rcri & ndra chtrngxuAn > nhu D?mTi6n m6i l6m v)o clnh hy khi tdr-gi$

dli. E6n nhu ci

nhttng nguli d)n-b) khi s6ng nio chdng nlo cono nlo gia-dinh thin-thuQc, nhung khi ch€t di rdi thi c&ng chi mQt minh m$t b6ng, ch6n viri du6i ba thw6c dhtl4nhldo c6-dcrn m) th6i ! Ciu ca-dao sau diy de d16n-th cho s6-phQn ctn nh&ng cuQc

4al\h nguc!'l oan-Da ay

Sbng thi ld"m vq can anh, MQt mai thdc xubng, Nii rQm rirng xanh mAt minh 36

Nhung nEu suy-nghi cho ky thi ainh a nrii rlm r&ng xanh naQr minh, hy nio ph:ii dd d)nh fiQ,ng cho s6-phin cria nhirng nguli d)n-b) con gii m) th6i dAu, n6 cbn 1) dinh-mQnh chung cd.a mgi ngrrli nf'a. Xua nay cic vi c6ng-hdu vuong-bl, cilc bic nam-nhi tiri-tl} c6 ai ufinh kh6i duqc cii chbt .diu ? Vd khi de ch€t thi kh6ng cdn ph6n-biQt n&a. Mgi nguli ddu gi6ng nhau $ong clnh-tr4ng < nui rim rirng xanh mQt minh ! ,.

Suy nguli rdi ngdm dln ta, ai mi nrh6ng ch4nh lbng nghi d€n s6-phin minh tro,ng nhirng gi& phdt tir-biQt hy? Nhung dinh-l1: vd-thtrln g cl:, cuQc dcri kh6ng nhftng chi di6n-hiQn tron g !r3c t&-biQt rnh th6i, n6 c6n d6n v6i ta trong tirng gi& tdrng phit, rrong nh&ng 'cinh sinh-ly n&a! Trong truyQn Kidu,

Ce Nguy€n-Du dd 15y Thriy-Kidu v) Kim -Trgng hrn, didn - hinh dd di6n-tt clnh sinh-ly hy qtra z cilu rhcr sau :

-tW I

Ong Ta gdn qudi chi nhau, Chaa uui sum-hQp ild sdu chia-phdi

Rdi khi nhin thby clnh tai-trli v4gi6, oan-rlc phin-ly I

cta gia-dinh, em

ningThriy-VA n dZ c&ngbuQc rniQng than ring:

g6i Kidu

Ca Triri ddu

bd da-doan, MQt nha dd chi ri6ng oan mQt minh!

sd d6n dd dln v&i gia-dinh h9 Vucrng. Cp Nguy6n-Du dd d€t vlo trong clnh sinh-ly hy gt&a nlrng Kidu vdi nhirng ngr"rli thAn-thich ftang gia-dinh bhng mhY ciu tho

Cubi ctrng, cdi

Dau lbng kd & ngadi di, tr-Q rai th&m rio, ta chia rfi tdm. Trbi h1m mdY kdo tbi rdm, Ddu ddu nggn c6, ddm ddmcd.nhsaang-

V) sau d6, khi nhirng nguli thlnthich ftong gia-dinh ( sau ccrn bi-cqrc, ,d€n

thli thilt-lai>, cAc tai-bi6n

ho4n-

n4n ddu ti?cu-tan, mgi nguli ddu dugc 38

doin-tq vui-vdy trong vinh - hiidn thi ri€ng chi c6 mQt ndng Kidu cbn lin-

din lao-lung, chirn n6i phi€u-b4c

trong b6-kh6 m€,nh-rrfing kh6ng bd-b€n : Thrang 6i, kh6ng hyp md tan, MQt nhd u inh-hidn r i6ng oan mQt ndng!

*** Nhung vi sao n),ng Kidu phii dqadly dau-kh6 nhtry th| ? Tru6c h6t, - ki€p ngubi tr6n nguy€,n-tic chung crla ching ta rhhy: Sd-di ndng Kidu phii doa-dly dau-kh5 1) vi ndng di sinh ra trong cuQc dli niy, nghia Id dd mang i5y trong minh mQt sic-thAn con nguli, ddy-dfr hi nQ 5i 6,bilt cAm-nhQn nh&ng didu kh6-ndo sdu-bi. Dr?c Kh6ng-Tfr d5 n6i : Ngd hiru dqi hogn vi ng6 hiru thdn, Ngd nhtyc v6 thdn hd hoan chi hftu?,

Nghia tr) : uTa c6 dqi hogn ui ta c6 thdn, Nbu ta kh6ng thdn ldm gi cd hoqn?>

-l

Cfi;ng ddng mQt quan-niQm < h&u thin hiiu kh6 " nhtr th6, CU Nguy6nDu di vi€t I

Ngdm hay mu6n sq tai Trdi, Triri kia dd bdt ldm nguiricdthdn! Hai ciu tho tr€n ld giSn-t16p thuybt minh vd dinh-lf : dli li bd-kh6 crla d4o Ph{t. Trong Phflt-gi6o, d.nc Phit de dirng thuy6t eTrl-db d6 dicn-ti dinh-ly ndy. S&-di co dau-kh6 (kh6-dA) nh vi di gAy n nguyln-nhAn kh6-dau (T6p-dC)" Ngtrgc 14i cfing th€. S&-di c6 qui-vi Ni6t-blrn an-vui (Di9t-d6) li vi di thpc hinh theo phucrng - ph6p chfnh - dao (Dao-d€).

Drla vio nguyln-tic ndy chung ta thby: Vi c6 giy ra nguyln-nh3n daukh5 n6n phti chiu k6t-qui kh6-dau. Vi k€t-qul kh6-dau 5y dtrcrc di6n-hiQn rdr)ng nhht & ki€p nguli v6-rhtrlng giahuyln ndy, vi dd c6 thin rhi kh6ng ai trfinh kh6i duqc khd t Nhu rh6" khd le 40

th6ng-lf cria ki6p ngtrdi, ld

dinh-nurat

chung cia cu6c s6ng. Cho n€n co thcr

rhng: I{ghi thdn phi-thb md dau, Bgt trong b6 kh6, bbo ddu bbn m6 !

*** Ydn bi6t ring : Khd I) th6ng - iQ crla ki6p ngudi, 1) dfnh-luf;t chung c&a cuQc sbng, nhung d6i vdi ning Kidu thi ngo)i nhirng th6ng-lQ vi dinhJuit ttd,n, cdn c6 nh&ng nguy|n-nhin nlo khdc nira ching 7 T5t-nhi€n li co. Chung ta sE ldn-lugt phin-tich sau diy: Dgc TruyQn Kidu, c6 16 qui vi c&ng ddng-li vdi chfng tdi rhng : S&-di ning Kidu phii doa-d)y dau-kh6 nhu th6, vi n)ng b nguli di hy-sinh cho cha mg gia-dinh, l)m theo b6n-phln ctla nguli con hi6u-thlo. B5n-phin cria ngu&i con hi€u-thio theo quan-niQm ViQt-Nam v) cic din-tQc A-D6ng 1) phti ddn-d:ip c6ng-crn sinh-thinh du&ng-dgc clla cha4r

)

nhi?ng ltic cha mg gi)-y6u, bQnh-r6*t, hay glp didu tai-bi€ri bht-ngb.

me, nhet

nhwng ning Kidu dd clm-nhin dugc c6ng-crn trli bd cila cha mg v) di kh6ng n6 y€n-tim nhin cinh tai-.btl,n d5-v& crla gia-dinh, n€n n)ng dd tV than-th&:

Hd sinh ra phQn tha-dd.o, C6ng cha nghia m9 kibp nd.o trd xong ? N6u dem lbi t1r-than ndy c: ;a ning Kidu m) so - s6nh v6i nhfrng lli c&a Thdnh - hidn day trong < Hi€u-kinh > sau dAy; <,

Ai ai phq mdu sinh ngd ci-Lao,

Dqc bdo thdm dn hiQuthi*n udng cryc?

Nghia lh: ,tThva'ng thay cha mg sinh ta kh6nhoc,

Muhn

bdo thd.m -

di, Trdi

cao khd thdu

thi chdng ta sE thby vd chi? HiEu <r

di6m tucrng-ddng crla .rai din - tQc Hoa-

ViQt, ddng thbr cfing sE thhY tinh thucrng vlr niQm hi6u - nghia c&a ning

Kidu dbi v6i cha rne nhtr th€ niro rdi' Vi tinh thucrng vir hiOu-nghia 5Y' nlnningKidu dd dhn-do, suY-nghi v) cin-nh5. gi&a chir <Tinh> v) chir ,,Hi€ur, d6 r6i cubi cirng phii hy-sinh tet ci, hdtl ctlu con tai-bt?'n c: ;a gtadinh cha ms. N)ng di: cho cbt-nhqc vgi tuYdn' Trong khi ngg bibn ting WyAn bibt sao? DuY6n hAi-ng\ dac cil-lao, Bdn tinh b\n hibu b6n ndo nd'ng han? DA ldi thy-trfuc minh-san, ' Ldm con tw&c phdi ddn an sinh-thdnh' Scro

Tir f-nghi PhSt'xubt n hlnh-dQng vir tir hlnh-dgng drla d6n kbt-qui' Nirng Kidu di vi PhU- thin, vi gia-bi€n' vi

nh& ng ngv iri thiln-thich tron g gia-dinh' nln ilehy-sinh tinh y€u, hy-sinh h4nh-

phric cL-nhin, ta di v6i nghia-vg ctn nguli con hi6u' nilo, v) cfing tir d6'

::1..ri:-t..__

-...

- -,r

rrlrng bht ddu ginh chiu bao didu oantrAi ding-cvy, bao clnh dpa-dirv lao-kh6 crla ki€p phong-tdn !

Niro

Truc cdn ro iw, d(P vdo, Tkit ndo chdng ndt, gan ndo chdng kinh ?' Xdt thay ddo Ii' mQt cdnh, IuI6t phen mwa gi6 tan-tdnh mQt phen !

Nlo lir : Tb ddy g6c bd bdn triri,

t, I

Ndng mwa thui.-thtti, qud

ngtdi

m$t thdn !

N)ro 1): Dau lbng tb-.bi\t sinh-Iy, Thdn cbnchdngtibc, tibc gi

db-n

duydn

Nlo lir : H6q-nhi thfut cd n6 lbng, Ldm chi ddy tta ub hdng l&ne nau ! N)o 1) : Gigt ri6ng tdm-td tw6ng mtta, Phdn cdm ndi khdch, Phdn nha nAi minh ! Nlo 1) : Khitinh rtyu lrtc tdn canh, GiQt minh minh lqi thuung wninh xdt xQt

Khi

sao phong ghm

Giir sao tan-tacnhir 44

rttld, hoa giira'dairng

i) :

Nio

1) :

I-dm chuY chit nghia dd'o bdng, Nwire nan dd chtr trang-Phnng kibP

sau,

Bbn phwang mdY trdng mQt mdu, Trdng uiri c6-qubc bibt ddu Id nhd?

N€u d#c Ph?t

di dqy: ( Dli

mgt bii-kh6 m€nh-rndng kh6ng bb-b6n,, v) u F{u6c mht c&a chdng-sanh tr}n dSy bbn b€ d'ai-dtrcrng ) thi nh&ng oankhd lrru-ly, nh(rng nhd-nhung thvong* ti€c, nhfrng thdt-thich gian-trudn crla nlng Kidu trong cu$c ddi dga - cf)rY sucrng-gi6 tqi cbn dau - kh6 nhidu hcrn nfra I Nhin cuQc dli c&a ning Kidu ai mlr khdng x6t-xa thu"crng - hai ? Chin1n vi cirn-th6ng vdi nidm trhc - dn ctn 45

nln Cr1 NguYdn - Du tro!19 ta than rn6t icri i,.f,,e.l riic,, de ;hay chung ta,

: than bbt-wY|t' nhu sau

th(1-ngtiri' Tturang thaY c&ng mAt chi' mang t6l:**.tdi tYrn thaY Hai 'Nhirng Id oan-khd lwu-tY' ld thdn? Chir cho hbx kililP cbn gi **

Dbn dAY,

ch'ang

cdn

fit lai

hdi;VisaociingddngmQtthinnglrcrl lao'kh6

md ning fieu'tai bi dqa-dey Kidu dd Ngo)i if-do vi

"):f

don th6?

tr" r

ngu'&i' vi Phqn;;;; iey si"c-thln connguli thin-thich thin gta-btin, ui *qi kh6c ;';-;; s*-dinh, cbn c6 l1i-do n)o n&a chdr*g?' ndY Trtrdc khi trl lcYi ciu h6i

chring t^ cdn tim -n16".UU" -::: :::: ilni"". u"" "nieu tht? -vlr nguy6"-"1?: ;;"-kho clrl voe LLrp 'r--- 1) s\?-.Tl':8 tho -q".i*:^':f t sanhc6 ttita ii t'l ctra Phit 'gi6o .. cdu ffi3,?;"fffi; ;?il khd' chbt kh5' .

kh6ng dugc

kh6, xa-lia

t) kh6, e4p-e6

nguli

thAn kh5, thAn-

k€ odn-thtl le tdm xAo-trgn b5t-hda lir kh5. Nguydnnhin cria nhlrng n6i kho 5y li tham, sAn, si, 1) m6-md dqrc-vgng, n6i vhn-tit l) vi cdi tdm tham-dgc chhp-trudc crla con nguli. Viy thi mu6n h8t kh6 ta cdn phii tu-luyQn v) phii do4n-trtr cii tdm tham-dgc chbp-trudc hy di.

Cai tdm tham-Ap.

ap-mudc hy hidu m6t c6ch ph5-thdng"t tfrc lir a tinhduc o cria con nguli, Vi ( tinh-dgc > n€n ,dd, lhm cho Thriy-Kidu vi Kim-Treng y6u - thvong, luu - luy0n vir chd-dcri nhau: Sdng Taang mgt gidi n6ng sb, Bdn tr6ng ddu ng, bdn chir cubi kia,

cfing vi 1infu-6$c,> n€n dd d.va ning Kidu vlro vbng lao-lf trudn-chuy€,n, nhd-nhung dau-kh6. Do d6, CU Nguy6nDu de mi6u-tir nguy€n-nh6n kh6-dau crla n)ng Kidu qua 4 ciu tho sau: t<

-t-

Bibt thdn dbn bt&c lgc-lodi

ThW-KiAu sdc-sdo kh6n-ngoan, V6-duy6n ld phqn hdngnhan dd

Nhi-ddo thd bA cha ngriri tinh-clrung, Vi ai ngdn ddn gid Edng, ThiQt lbng khi &, dau lbng khi di!

ddnh;

Lgi mang I'ky mQt chlr <tinht>, Kfur khw minh buAc ldy minh udo trong ! Thdt dung nhu th6. NEU nlng Kidu cing nhlu 4i, trong khi ( chlpkinh tirng-quy$n r, n)ng cit dttt tinh y€u-thucrng d6i v6i Kim-Trgng, bot nhfrng lo-6u thucrng-nhd d6i vdi nhii'ng ngwli thAn-thich trong gia-dinh thi c6 le nh{tng n6i kh6-dau c: ia nilng cirng nhg bdt mQt phdn nio ching ? DAy thi kh6ng. Trong nh&ng bu6c dudng laodao lin-dQn, chiu nhidu dga-diy giankh6 c&a thd-x6c v) tinh-thdn, bao gib ndng cfing thtong nh1 d€n nhirng nguli thdn iy quC-hucrng gia-dinh, hditu&ng t4t nh&ng lli thd tring hgn

,l'

i J

ntr&c, ti|c.rE nh&ng

k1i-niQm €m-dgp crla thcri xua. Nh&ng n6i-nidm thucrngnh& 5y di dugc di6n-tl trong l&i tqr-

than crla ning Kidu sau

48i

'ii

diy;

Hay

l):

Tibc thay chrtt nghia cit-cdng, Ddu lia ng| y cbn vtang ttr lbng, Duy\n em ddu nbi chi hdng, May ra khi dd taY bdng taY mang, Tkt lbng c6-qudc tha-hacng, Dtirng kia n6i no, ngdn-ngang bbi bdi

mgt ch6 khdc trong

TruYQn

Kidu, Cp Nguy6n-Du lqivd' ra mQt ning

Kidu da-tinh da-cim ftong

sb-Phin him-hiu cia mQt ngudi con gdi xa nhi, xa tinh-quin bhng nh&ng ciu thcv nhu sau:

Ngtdi vd chibc bdng ndm canh, KA di mu6n d(m.mQt minh xa-x6i, Vdng trdng ai xd ldm d6i,

Nfra

in gbi chib,c, nba soi dqm dtdng. 49

'lii,, '*

Theg dung 1) chfr < tinh,r di tr6i bu6c n)ng Kidu trong vbng lao-l1i, c6dcrn, nh6-thucrng v) dau-kh6. Didu ndy de dugc xiic-nh{n trong giSo-l1i nh) Phit bing mQt cAu sau dAy I

Nwfrc bao gitr crtng chdy xubng. Tham-muhn ud tinh-dqc sE d,ta con ngwbi vdo ubng trdm-ludn rlau-khd,t" <

Ydng, chinh tham-mu6n vlr tinhdqc l) mQt srSc m4nh dAy con nguli v)o trong vbng trdm-Iu|n dau-kh6, hay n6i theo danh-tu cria PhQt- giAo la nghiQp-bilo luin-hdi. L) mQt nh) Nho-hoc thAm-sAu, tlr6ng-hii5u Phit-l;i, CU Nguycn-D u d5, clm * nhQn mQt cilch sAu - sic thuyCt nghiQp - b6o luAn-hdi ndy. Cho ndn ch&ng ta thuln g thhy bhng-bac tinmfic fione Truypn Kidu nhirng cAu thcr nhu sau; Kibp xua dd uq.ng dtbng tu, Ki6p ndy chdng kCo ddn bi 5o

mfi

xu6t,

Ddu saa bi.nh dd u& rdi, Lky thdn md trd ny ddi cho xong !

Hay

cAu I

Ngwtri ndy nqng kibp oan-gia, Cbn. nhi'du nrv ld.rn sao tld. thdc-oan !

Hay ciu: Ldm cho sbng doa thtic day, Doq.n-tr.wdng cho hbt

}iray cAu:

-ki6p "U,

,{#i

Cfing Id oan-nghiQp chi ddy, Sa ca mti dbn thb ndy chdng dtng

Hay cAu: Kibp ndy d"uyâ&#x201A;¬n dd phq duydn, D{t-(tdi citn hibt sE eldn lai-sunh !

}I'ay cAu: PhQn sao bqc chdng vira th6i, Khdng-khdng buQc mdt l&y ngadi hdng-nhan, Dd. d,dnh trtc-fftii tidn-oan, Cfing lidu nggc ruit hoa tdn md chi ! 5r

-7.,11

Dua vio thuy6t nghiQp-bio luAnhdi crla dao Phit chring ra thhy ring: Ch€t kh6ng phii l) h€t. Ch€t chi 1) mQt sr,r thodt-xic, thay d6i tdr mQt tr4ngth:ii sinh-ho4t ndy qu^ ff1ng th;ii sinhho4t khic, dau-khd hoic sung-su6.ng hcrn, triy theo nghidp-nhin minh di giy t4o ffi & ki6p trudc.

Ngubi ViQt-Nam ching ta noi i€,ng, citc dAn-tgc A D6ng n6i chung phdn nhii5u ddu h5p-thu theo ut-tv&ng nghi6p-b6o luAn-hdi ndy cria Phit- giio, n€n kh6ng bao gid chdng ta tin rhng: ChEt th, h|t, ch6t 1) mlt hin. Th{t th6, mQt til?.ng tr6ng cbn gery duqc v^ngAm trong, nhirng bu6i chidu thlm-thim

nbirng chbn n:J;i irng rhung-ling; mQt vi6n d.i rcyi vlo m|t nw6c cbn khuby-d6ng 10n ducrc nhirng l)n s6ng ldn-tdn lan ddn d6n noi v6-tfln, hu6ng n&a li mgt ki€p nguli, k6t-tinh c,ia nhidu d.Qng-tilc gAy n€n b&i har phdn vQt-chht v) tinh-thdn? 52

C6 ie cfing vi 16 5y n€n ngubi ViQtNam chring ta thudng c6 th6i quen tin ring: Con nguli sau khi ch6t, the-chet tan-rl nhwng linh-hdn v6n cbn tdn*t4i. Nlrng Kidu c0.ng dd tin nhtr th6 trong lbi thcr sau:

Kidu rdng: nhirng d&ng tdi-hoa, Ttuic ld th|-pfuich, cbn ld tinh-anh.

Dd chung-minh cho- ldng tin by, thi-h)o Nguyon-Du di cq-th6-h6a qua su-kiQn xuht-hiQn md-io linh-thi€ng cria D4m-Ti6n rong buSi chidu Thanhminh b|n nhm mQ v6-cht1 crla nguli con gii b4c-mQnh Ay. Sau d6, Ti€n-sinh tqi dicn-ti th€m & nhirng phdt ,&ng-hiQn gqp-g} trong m$ng vi nhirng luc tringphirng tdi-ng6 & s6ng Tidn - dudng giira nhng Kidu v) D4m-Ti6n. Didu ndy l4i mgt ldn n&a chwns-minh cho ta thhy: Chbt kh6ng phii 1) hlt,li chbmd,tt vcri cu$c dli. Nhht 1l nhirng ngudi ch|t oan, ch€t doln-m4ngt chua 53

--r-_ l*, 'k

trl

trdn-duy|n & cu$cth6 thi l4i cing kh6ng phti l) h€t hcyn xong m6n

nff,a"

Phdn con 14i hy e: ;a con ngtrli sau khi ch6t, theo v0i quan-nifm ctia da-sb ngubi ViQt-Nam , rthht li gi6i binh-din,

chring ta thtr&ng gqi le tinh-anh, 1) linh-hdn. V) linh-hdn 3y thucrng tdntai & th}-gioi v6-hinh, u-linh, hidn-hich, phing-ph 5t ttonghucrng-kh6i, v) thudng hay tr& vd trdn - th| d6 vi6ng thdm nhfrng ncri c6 nhidu li€n-hQ vdi minh trong khi cbn sbng, nhht 1) & nh&ng nglry htiy-ky, ch4p-gi6 v.v... Cfing vi tin nhtr th€, n€n cdc gia-dinh o ViQtNam v) d cic nw6c A-PO"g thu&ng c6 tpc-lQ t6-cht?c nh&ng cuQc tle-le dinh-dim linh-dinh trong nhirng ngly ky-gi6.

dtcn-ti r.Qp-quin vi lbng tin 2y clla gi6'i binh-din Vi€tNam qua ini cin-d{n eia nhug Kidu dbi v6'i em li Thdy-Vin nhu sau: eqr Nguy6n-Du

Mai sau dda c6 bao gib, Dbt Ib furung &y so tu Phim Tr6ng ra. nggn cd ld cdY,

ndY,

Th&y hiu-hiu gi6 Id hay ch{ vd. Hdn cbn mang n{ng ldi thd, Ndt thdn bd-li6u ddn nghi ffrtc-mai, Dq-ddi cdch m{t khudt tdi, Rdy xin chdn nt&c cho ngwbi thdc oan

*** Nhung c6 mQt didu chung ta cdn nhhc l4i cr dAy ring: Theo d4o Ph{t thi & gifra dcri ndy kh6ng c6 m$t c6i gi trg-nhi€n m) c6, ngdu-nhi|n ni) sanh. Nlrng Kidu s&-di m^ng 15y nghiQp-bdo ( s6ng - dga thilc - diry, nhu th6, c&ng kh6ng phii ngdu-nhi€n m) c6, tq-nhi0n mi sanh. Chinh b do mQt ttlc-duydn tidn-dinh, hay n6i dting theo danh-tir dao Phit 1) theo ludt nhin-eu|, trlc 1) gAy nhin gi thi phii chlu qui hy. Giy nhin 6c thi chiu qul-bilo d.au-kh6, giy 55

nhin lanh thi dugc hu&ng klt-qul anvui h4nh-phric.

Ludt nh|n-qul ndy di dugc

Cq Nguy6n-Du di6n-d4t qua lli bdo-mQng cho nlrng Kidu c:d;a D4m-Ti€n nhtr sau:'

I *

,l i i

lil

Ri rdng:

nhdn-qud d&-dang, Dd toan trbn ng doq.n-trrtrng" drgc tob? Sb cbn nqng ki'ibp m;(i ddo. Ngtiri di mubn quybt, Triri ndo dd cho ?

l{, tl

O" mgt do4n khic, CU Nguydn-Du lai dicn-tt daoJy nhin-qui hy nhu sau:

Vd trong thdn m6ng mfry lbi, Trtc-nhdn du cfi.ng c6 Trdi & trong, Ki6p ndy ny trd chwa xong,

Ldm chi th|m I

f .i

lt,

Rdi thi

mQt

chdng ki6p sau?

;

Cho hay mu6n sry tgi Trdi, Phq ngubi chdng bd khi ngairiphq ta, M6.y ngabi bqc-dc tinh-ma, 56

Minh ldm minh ch{u kdu md ai thaang ? Cfing cirng mQt quan - di6m nhu trdn, & mgt do4n khdc, Cq Nguydn-Du l4i trinh-biry dao-l1i nhin-qul mQt cich giAn-di vlr ph6-th6ng hcrn n&a qua hai cAu tho sau r Ndng rdng' ling-lQng Trdi cao, Hgi nhdn nhdn hgi sq_ndo tqt ta ?

DAy l) gl n|u kh6ng phii 1) minhbiry mQt cich khic di thuy6t a ThiQn nhin thiQn b6o, 5c nhin 6c b6o,, (1)m l)rnh thi dugc qui-b6o t6t, l)m 5c thi chiu qui'bilo xhu) crla Nho-hgc ?

C6 nhidu nguli nghi ring:

NEu

dung nhu thuy€t a nhin-qul u gdy nhdn gi bhiu qui by cria Phit-gi6o, v) thuy6t

Thign nhin thi€n bilo, itc nhln 6c b6o > crla Nho-gi6o thl t4i sao & dli nriy

c6 nhidu ngudi d9c-5c thht-nhAn mlr v5n dugc gi)u-sang sung-su6ng, cfi'ng nhu c6 nhirng ngudi hidn-l)nh lucrng57

t,g: t3t:.

,}.sF-.,'gH$$t;

s sts'$?s:;E ssi€;€;;E 3.t3;F€**€ -E€ts;;*x"$e : s *g*ug::i*

BsEE;.s$r.g Y i$l':Ei."qq €tE;riitE r t$E $i$IEsr i?n?'*i.Es'E ; €'ls'E EEs + $;s. '8.$ E-q

Sgei

$ {.

'f'E

>.-q-q'r) 'E 'U'

,$ s. alo

E;t; ifi;iE*.;l+u It3ig-$$

igli i;gig ii$i "*

a:i€

gggtggggliglgi

giIgg$ii$l$$il.t$IiI

EI 'tr

O"'Aay c6 didu chring ta cdn dd ;i ring: Dgc Truygn Kidu v) qua nhirng cAu thcv dd trich-diln tr6,n chdng ta thAy: quan - niQm nhAn - que nghi€p-bio cfra Cq Nguy6,n-Du kh6ng nh.fng chi 5nhhu&ng v6i thuy€t u nhin - que nghiQpbdon cfia Phit.giSo, m) cbn inh-hu&ng mat - thi|t v6i thuy€t u Thi6n - mQnh l ctn Nho - gtJ,o n&a, Thit viY, chir o Trli > trong TruyQn Kidu c6 nhidu ncri Cq Nguy6n-Du dd thay-thle cho chir nThi€n-m0nh, c&a Nho-hgc v) cfing c6 nhidu hic da thay-rh| cho chfr tr Nhin-qui,r ctla Phit-hgc.

Vi tin & u Trli ,, & u Thi6n-mQnh , v) & lu{t o Nhin-qu'i r, n€,n nhAn-vit chinh norrg TruyQn lh n)ng Kidu 1u6n lu6n tin ring: Hga hay phtic, maY haY rdli, uui hay budn , tht cir ddu do Thi0nrnQnh tidn-dinh. Nlrng cing di trg blrochila cho c6i tinh da-sdu da - clm crla minh bdng hai cAu sau dAy; 60

Rdng: quen mdt nbt di rdi, Td uut thdi qfing tfnh Trbi bibt

saa 7

D6i vcri gi6i binh - dnn ViQt-Nam, kh6ng nh&ng tinh - tinh llr do Thi6nmQnh tidn-dinh, ffii ngtrli ta cbn tin ring: mgi thdng-trdm vinh-nhgc cfa ki€p ngtrli, mgi thay-d6i biCIn-thi€n cfra

trli

dht mu6n vQt, tht ci ddu do Thi6n. dinh. C6 le cfing vi thb n6n m6i khi c6 cic tai-n4n bbt-ng& xAy d6n nhtr thi€ntai, thhy-n4n, h6a-ho4n, bQnh-tQt, mbt mita v.v... hg thucrng t6-chfrc nhirng cuQc sim-tqteJA, hay in chay nim dht 'cdu de Trli khan Ph?t.

C6 mQt didu la &

d?'y b: Dn Nguy6n-Du l)r rngt nh) Nho-hgc uy€nbilc, nhang 6ng kh6ng chiu dirng lai cr

thuy€t u Thi€n-mQnh r, holrn-toln ph6m{c sb - ph?n con ngu}i cho tha-ftgc nhu quan-niQm crla Nho-gi5o; trit l4i, Ong cbn ti6n xa hcrn vd phucrng-diQn ,tu-tu&ng dd d6n gdn v&i thuy6t < Nhin6t

YI ilt-:

etli >, dua con nguli dln trdu-chuin tp-h,rc trg-culng ctla Phit-gi4o'

ll'

Theo CU l{guy6n - Du thi dil c6 Thi€n-mQnh tidn-dinh cJi nira, nhung nhidu ltic cfing do h)nh-vi, ng6n-ngft vi y-nghi cfia con ngtrli trong hiQn-ki€p md thay A6i. Thuyet nchuyiin-nghi?pn erla Phft -gi6a dugc ho)n-to)n thd-hiQn & di6m ndy. Chuydn - nghi6P nhu the nbo? Chung ta hdy nghe Cu NguYEnDu dten-ti tw-tu&ng cria minh qua nh&ng chu tho sau diy; Sinh rdng: gidi-cdu Id duYdn, Xtra nay nhd.n dinh thdng thi6n citng

nhidu"

Hay

l):

& s6ng 'fidn-

Ch! sao phdn mdng dirc ddy, Kibp xwa dd vqy lbng ndy de ai ?

Trdi, hibu, cau ngadi

Tdm-thdnh dd thdu dbn

Bdn minh ld

Id nhdn.

M6t nidrn vi ntfrc vi ddn, Am-cdng cht mQt d6ng-cdn dd gid, Doqn-trwdng sA rrtt tdn ra, Dogn-trrdng tha phdt dwa md trd nhau. Cbn nhidu hr&ng-tho ud ldu, Duydn xaa d,,iy-dqn,phrtc sau ddi-ddo,

***

Thft ra, ndng Kidu vdi

Khi ndn Trdi cfing chidu ngabi, Nhg-nhdng na trr&c, ddn-bdi duYdn squ.

Rdi d€n mQt do4n khic, Cq NguY6nDu lai dien-tit quan-niQm nhAn-sinh cta minh qua lbi crla D4m-Ti0n trong khi 6e

t|i-ng6 v6i n)ng Kidu Dulng nhtr sau:

< oan ng ttic-khi€n > do tidn*dinh, vi v6i nhfrng dga-dly lao-kh6 rrong bu6c dudng luu14c c6-dcrn, chumg a rht c6 thi6 dn ch&dqi c6i k6t-qui phdt hgn-hb rrong ldn brio-mQng tru&c crla D4m-Ti€n dbi v6i ning Kidu, hy lA : 6z

7t, ;

Hdy xin hbt kibp li6u-b6, Sdng Tidn-flaivng hdy han-hb ud scrr.

Nhung kh6ng, Thtiy-Kidu

nguli con gdi hiOu-nghia

mgt

v6-song, t|c-

git kh6ng mu6n chhm-drit cuQc dli

ctla

nlrng trong mgt k€t-luin budn-thhm,dauthucrng vi bAt-c6ng nhw th|,. O.rg de mu6n thd-hiQn dao-l!,< thiQn-nhAn thiQnbAo, Ac-nh|n 5c-bAo> cria Nho-giilo vb Ph{t-gi6o trong hi€n-ki6p qua cuQc d}i c: a nh,ng Kidu, ch# kh6ng phli chdli

dgi

dbn lai-th6. nhw thuy6t

nh|n-qui

Tam-th€

', nif,a.

Vi mu6n chung-minh mQt c6ch 16fitng fi,ng : Thuy6t nhAn-qul bilo-irng l) mgt dinh-l1i hii5n - nhi6n thQr.-c6, vd mgi nguli kd cd ndng Kidu ddu c6 th6 dugc d.fip-,&ng tucrng-xfng vdi nhtrng h)nh-vi, ng6n-ngir vd !,'nghi cria minh dd t4o ra trong ki€p s6ng htQn-t4i, ntn tfic-gi| crla cubn TruyQn Kidu di lhm cho nlrng Kidu dugc s6ng l4i, thoit-ly 64

mgi oan-khi€n tidn-dinh & sdng TidnDuong.

Dr/a vio sqr-kifn ndy ta c6 the quan-niQm rhng: D6i v6i n)ng Kidu, s6ng Tidn-Eulng l) mQt k6t-chung crla cuQc dcri hdng-nhan b4c-phin, cu$c

ddi

ph6 mic cho nli-may tidn - dinh, bhtlrpc tru6c mgi hohn'- clnh €o-le thtrthdch ; nhvng ddng - thgt s6ng TidnDnlng d6i vdi ning Kidu cingl) kh&ididm cho mQt cuQc dli m6i, cugc dli hu&ng d€n trg-kgc n6i-tAm, rvot-tht nhtng trdn-duyen tqc-lqry v) ngly d6m trau-ddi d,&c-h4nh gtii-tho|t Cugc dli by theo Cp Nguy6n-Du h : PhQt-ttdn thdm ldp sdu uili,

Ngdy pho th&.-tty, d1m nhdi tdmhaang, Cho hay gigt rurhc cdnh dttng, Lila lbng ra&i tdt moi dwbng tdnduydn.

Didm dflc.biQt ctla d4o Phit ln & ch6: dqi phlrm con nguli dn tQi65

,r1 1.,1

l6i bao nhi6u, nhcr-nhdp d€n b{c it)o, nhung n€u bi6t thirnh-tAm sim-hbi, 5nnin tQi-l6i thi cfirng c6 thii tr& thirnh nguli lucrng.thiQn trong- s4ch dugc. B&i vi theo Phit-giilo thi cii tQi-16i nho-nhdp cfia con nguli kh6ng phti ho)n-tolrn do & ngo4i-diQn, m) l4i cdner? vho nh&ng f-niQm tidm-thng trong t5m-thrlc crla ngudi 5y"

Cho n€n c6 ngudi dtr c6 m$t bd ngo)i hidn-l)nh sang-trgng, nhvng nlu trong lbng in-ch&a nh&ng bht- lucrng gian-ilc thi c16 l}r tQi-l6i xbu-xa, vh ttilt lai, dir c6 mQt bd ngoli thhp-k6m th6b4o, nhwng nlu tong lbng dn - ch&a nh&ng drtc-t|nh hidn-lucrng thiQn-mi thi d6 v5n 1) nguli trong-s?ch cao-quf, Dt}c Phit nghy xwa de tirng d$ cho m$t ngtrli chuy€n llm nghd gAnh ph|n, & gia-i-cAp h4-tiQn bdn-cirng nhht ctia xf; hgi An-DQ ; trong lich-sr? Ph$t - gi6o Trung * Hoa cfing thudng" k6 lai cAu chuyQn : c6 mQt nguli su6t doi l)m

nghd dd-t6, chuy€n b6n thit heo, nhung trtri s*p ldm-chung bilr hdi*tAm hu6ngthiQn, iln-ndn s6m-hbi, n6n cubi cirng c&ng dugc giilt-thoilt Thuy€t ( DdinghiQp vdng-sanh r, rdi nh&ng ciu nhu n Nhbt-cti Di-Da v6-biQt rli€m, bht lao dln chi d5o Tiy-phucrng,, hay ciu nHdi ctdu thi ng4n, ctia Tinh-D0-t6n trong Phit-gi6o llr di5 chi cho 1i-nghia ndy'

d diy nkng Kidu cfi;ng thl, dil

tr€n bu6c dtrdng < s6ng gi6 ba-d}o I' n)ng di bao ldn thdng-tdm vinh'nhqc, mby phen ldu xanh gilc t[a, nhung d6 s6-phfn ctla ngu&i con gi;i < bAn minh chuQc cha ,,, ch& thilm' tim thi diu c6 mu6n nhv th| ? Vi kh6n g mubn chi

1)r

m) ho}n-clnh 6p-buQc phti bi dqa'&y vlo d6, chiu oan-rlc kh6-nht1c trim bd, n€n ning Kidu di: Ndng rdng : Trbi thdm ddt ddY, Thdn ndy d,d bd nhitng ngdY ra di. Th6i thi th\i cd tibc gi ? Sdn dao tay do tirc thi gii" ra,

--v' t

Nhin thby srg lidu thin quy€tJiQt, by erla nlng Kidu, cl€n n6i m1r Tti-Blr

phugc, by, ch$ng ta hly dpc do4n thrr sau:

hi$n-thAn ctla dqc-vgng rham-rln, efing phti h€t lcri khuy6n-gili nhu sau ;

Chdm cha cdi

cbn thi cha hdy cbn, Tim nai xtrng-ddng ld con-cdi nhd, Ld.m chi t/i-bdo oan-gia, Thi& minh md hgi dbn ta hay gi ?

Dd hidu 16 tAm-t4ng cia nlng

Kidu trong nhfrng 6B

giai - doan tr ki6t-

hoa.ddo,

Gd ra rdi lqi buQc vdo nha chai. Nghi ddi md ngtin cho diri, Tdi-tinh chi ldm cho Triri D&t ghen !

Ngtiri

Vi sau d6, trong s6-phin crla nguli <<bin minh chuQc cha > 5y, ndng giii con Kidu di chiu trdm cay ng)n dhng, trAi qua mhy ldn gic tia ldu xanh. Ning dI chdn-ch6 €-chd v6i cuQc s6ng hy, ntn di nhidu lln lQp-muu tinh-k\, c6-ghng tim cfich thofit - ly ta ngoii. Nhtrng ngu&i con gAt thcr-ngAy hy dA ( chAy Trli kh6ng kh6i ningr, vtf,a moi thodtly vbng v|y ndy thi lidn bi mic vlo vbng viy khic, trii-nhgc v) dau - kh6 hcrn I

TiAc thay nry6c dd phfi-phbn, Md cho biln lqi vdy l6n mdy ld,n.

*** N€u chring ta cdn-cn vlo 1i-niOm bbn-dhc-di ctia ning Kidu trong khi

,, rdi ciln - c& vlo 1i-nghia <, gd,n brin mi ching h6i u

cn-hp-kinh ttrng-quydn

tanh mtri. birnr, nhht ld cdn-ctt vlo niQm r thi-chung nhu-nhht > c&a ndng Kidu trong khi bln minh chuQc cha sau

diy:

Tai-sinh chta dnt htrang thd, Ldm thdn trdu ngga ddn-nghi trrtc_

Ny tinh

chwa ffd. cho ai, Khbi tinh mang xubng tuydn_ddi

mq,t.

chta tan

thi chdng ta c6 the dc-&ng hidu duqc clnh-ngQ v) tim-tinh crla ning Kidu hon nira"

1,,

Kh6ng nhirng d6i vcri Kim-Trgng, chhng trat dd chi€m trgn rinh y€u erla ning, ndng m&i c6 mQt nidm thi-chung nhu the. D6n nhtr d6i vdi Tir-Hei, ngubi gA-nghia trd,n bv&c dulng luin* tqc, ning cfi;ng gitr dugc mQr lbng uung-chirnh tucrng-tg. C6 nguli cho fing : N)ng Kidu I) nguli ( m$t da hai lbng, muu-m6 phAn-trhc >, vi nlng de dlua Ttr-Hli vio clnh sa-ccr thhtrn1ng ! Mu6n hi6u rd ndng Kidu c6 phti le nguli mQt da hai lbng hay kh6ng, ching ta hiy cin-cr-lr v)o thm lbng ctla nlng ftong bli thcy sau dAy rdi sd ph€-phdn. Thcr rlng I

: tri ditng cd thira, Bdi nghe ldi thi6p dbn ca,hQi ndy, Mfit ndo tr6ng thdy nhau ddy, Kh6c rdng

Thd. lidu sbng chbt mQt ngdy cd nhau!

Rdi & mQt do4n kh6c, nlng Kidu lai rv than-th&

Rdng Tb-c6ng hqu-d.di t'a,

Xdt ui uiQc naac md ra Phq lbng, Gibt chdng md lqi mY chdng, Mqt ndq md tqi dnng trong cdi ddi ? Th6i thi mQt thdc cho r6i, ! T dmlbng ph6.m(c tr|'ntriri dwai slng

V quy6t-dinh, lli tu6n n,

vd tbm lbng trung-ch6nh 5y de dua d6n h)nhdQng. Nlrng Kidu dd nhAY xubng s6ng Tidn-Dudng d6 t&-v?n !

v)o nidm thi - chung ffung' chdnh hy c&a nilng Kidu tr|'n budc dubng luu-l4c giang-h6, dn c6 khekhht dln dis ta cfing kh6ng thiS kh6ng tin-ddng vdi quan-diiim cin Tam'Hqp Dqra

F)4o-C6

trong do4n thcr sau diY

;

X€t trong tQt-.nghi\P ThiY-Kidu, Mdc didu tinh-di, khdi didu td-ddm, Ldy tinh-thdm trd tinh-thdm, Bdnminh dd dAnS hibu-tdm il6n Triti. 7r

Hqi mpt ngtbi cwu trd,m ngwiri, Bibt dwilng khinh - trQng, bibt ldi phdi chdng,

Th*a

c6ng-dac 6y ai bdng, Trtc-khi*n dd rfua ldng tdng sq.ch r6i,

Ving, nh& c6ng-drlc hy-sinh cho cha m9 gia - dinh, nh& thm lbng thichung trung-chilnh d6i v6i tinh, quin, nhb nu&c s6ng Tidn-Du&ng rfra s4ch

bqi trdn tcr-duy6n, nhht 1) nhd !,-nguyQn thirnh-tAm sim-hbi, cit dt?r duy6n-ng ba-sinh, n€n tir d6 ning di tr& thlnh mQt con ngtrli rnli, ftong s4ch tir thdn d|n tilm, ttr trong ra ngo)i. Vi th6 ta c&ng kh6ng ng4c-nhien d.En lbng tir-bi qulng-d4i c:u;a dao Phit qua hlnh-vi cti'u-r5i ctla Ni-su GiAc - Duy6n trong

lbi tulng*thult

Khi

sau dAy :

ndng gieo ngpc trdm chdu, Ddn nhqu, tdi dd g(p nhau ra6c vd, Chng nhau rurang cba Bd-Dd, Thdo-am dd cfing gdn kd chdng xa, 72

Thit llr mQt nghia-cir cao dqp ! C&a Bd-Dd qul 1) qudng-d4i v6-bi6n ! N€u CU Ngdy6n-Du cfrng nhu cic nh) c6Nho khdc, kh6ng inh-htr&ng theo v6i tinh-thdn tir-bi cwu-thl ctla d4o PhQt, kh6ng chlu u dua tay t€-dg nh&ng kE trdm-ludn), thi ndng Kidu (cfing nhu bao nhi6u ngudi t0i.16i kh6c) phii mdi mdi nggp lin trongch6n trdm-luin kh6-

hli, kh6ng bao gib c6 ccr-hSi tho6t-ly n dugc ! DAy thi kh6ng nhu thl, Cq

Nguyen-Du dd kh6ng c6-ch5p v)o nh&ng girio-didu kh6-ct?ng, kh6ng cdu-nQ bilotht theo nh&ng 1d-16i th6ng - thtrlng, v) do d6, Cp di linh-dQng khai-th6ng ra dd crlu-dg mQt' linh-hdn dau-kh6, bimg cdch l}m cho Ni-su Gidc-Duy6n

thu0 nguli tim-ki6m v) crlu-v?t ning Kidu & s6ng Tidn-Dulng.

do tinh-thdn tir-bi cr.'ru-th€ ly ctla dao Phflt, n0n kh6ng nh&ng mgt minh ndng Kidu, d6n ci gia-dinh C&ng

--'-7'-.:i]:lI.: t." r;l.

{

cln ndng (v) co 16 cria chfng ta n&a) ciung dI thg An Phlt-PhiP. HP di : Quay nhau lgY trtac Phfutddi, Tdi-sinh trdn-tg lbng

ngtbi tb'bi'

*** Tuy nhi€n, d6i khi cfrng vi k0t-lufn hy c&a TruYQn Kidu, cfr;ng nhu nghiact? tir-bi ctru'th| ctia d4o Ph?t, n6n dd c6 ngnli vin vlo dhy de mia-maixuy6nta. pnat-giio I Nhtrng cr dAy chting t6i

cof

rnu6n thanh-minh hay b6nhuq. .lto Phflt-giio, vi viQc 5y thtlt-nght kh6ng cdn-thi€t. Chfng t6i chi mubn

kh6ng

srg-kiQn <<ctru't| n)ng Kidu'ndy de dd-cip dOn mQt vhn-dd khic, vln-dd

nhin

chri-trgng c16n phdn tim-thti'c giio mi th6i.

cdra

Phft-

Trong kinh - luin ctla Phit - gido thulng ch6p ; ttTam-gi&i duy-tim, v4n' phip, duy-thrlc> (3 c6i Dpc-gi6i, SicgiOiva V6-sic-gi6i 1) do tim; v4n-ph6p f,itr-hltth, v6-hinh, tim-phip, 74

shc-phhp

thrlc t4o ra). Vi th6 n€n theo d4o thi tim b chrl-tti crla mu6n su Phit 't mu6n vat. O" gt&a d&i ndY s&-di c6 thiEn-sai vun-biQt, c6 nhitng miru's5c cldu do

im-thanh khic nhau, tht cl ddu do tim' Ri€ng dbi vdi con ngudi thi tAm l2r dqngccr chinh thric-dAy ta di d€n h)nh-dQng, vl hlrnh-@ng 5Y thiQn haY 5c, t6t haY xdu, mQt phdn 16n cfrng PhAi cdn-ctt

vlo tim.

Tim thien thi dn bd ngoiri c6 vC

dQc-lc th6-t1$ng, nhu trulng-hgp cha m9 dinh d|p dtla con hu, thdY giito trtrng-ph4t cQu hgc trb luli-nhdc v.v.'. ddu thuQc vd thiQn. Ngugc l4i, nlu tim 6c thi dn bd ngoiri c6 vC €m-diu ngQt' nglo, nhu trulng-hgp ngubi gian'tham rinh-mb l6n-ltit d6 danh chp c&a nguli, k€ ninh+hdn ding lli xlo-quyQt ngon-

nggt d.i lung-l4c tdm Yua v.v... cfi.ng ddu thuQc vd,5c. Do d6, mubn Ph6-Phin mQt viQc l)m thiQn haY dc, tlthaY xhu, chung ta cdn phli cin-cr} vlo tAm-niQm 75

4 t

v) k6t-qul c&a viQc l)m hy, chn kh6ng th6 hoirn-to}n drga vlo nhirng dgng-tic b6n ngolri duqc.

O'Aay, ningKidu cfrng th6. fuIu6n xlt giil-tri crla ndng Kidu, nhht lir ph€phdn viQc l)rm c&a ndng, ching ta cdn phti dr,ra viro tim-niQm v2r k€t-qul, ctra vigc l)m by mdi kh6i thi0n-lQch, c6: chbp v) b'dt-c6ng. S6-ph0n c&a ndng Kidu, cfr;ng nhu viQc l)m cria n),n1, Cg NguyCn-Du qua ldi an-rii v) gili-thich crla Kim-Trgng di trinh-b)y nhu sau :

Xaa nay trong

d.ao ddn-bd, Chtr utrinhrkia cfrnE cdbabdy dadng. Cd khi bibn, cd khi thadng, Cd quydn, ndo phdi mQt drirng chdp

kinh.

Nha ndng lhy <<hibu> ldm trinh, Bqi ndo cho dqc dayc minh 6y voy?

Nguli

ngi-cuQc nhu Kim-'Irgng m) cbn c6 thdi*d6 v) nhin-x6t hy d6i v6i n)ng Kidu, thi nhfrng ngudi nhu

ching ta trong khi ph6-phdn tim-hi6u ning Kidu, cfrng nhu tdc-gil eta n6, c6 n€n c6 mQt thdi-dg qud khe-khit gb-b6 ching 2. Cdu trl lli ndy ching t6i xin nhulng l4i cho qui vi hiQn-diQn & diy vi qui vi hgc-gil cao-minh kh6c.

*** Cdc do4n v5n-thcr dd mich-ddn t€,n cho chdng ta thhy: TAm c6 mQt cucrngti dAc-biet vong viQc quybt-dinh nhfrng h)nh-vi thiQn 5c, t6t xhucia con nguli. Nhung chring ta cing n€n nh6 th6m rilng: ngo)i cucrng-vi dd trinh-bly tr6n, tim cbn c6 nh&ng srlc m4nh khilc nfta, S#c m4nh ching t6i mu6n dd-cip & dAy li sfrc m4nh ch|-tfic c:0,a tAm, ChCtic bbng tu-tu&ng, bing kh6i-niQm vi

bilng tim-tinh.

Srlc mqnh crla tv-tv&ng dd llm cho con nguli vugt hhn cilc loli dQngvAt khic dd tr& thlnh m$t cao-ding d$ng-vQt; ddng

thli

tu-tu&ng e{ing l)r

mQt y6u-t6 ciin-thiEt cld l)m cho con ngudi khdc-bigt vfi c6c loli thuc-vAt khAc qua loi n6i cria m$t tri€t-gia AuTAy sau dAy : u

Con ngairt tu&ng >.

Id mQt cdy sQy cd tw-

Ri€ng vd s8c rn4nh cria khdi-niQm thi cic vi hgc-gil tidn-b6i <15 di6n.tl qua cdc ciu thcr sau diy r Nhht nhQt tqi tit, Thi6n thu tqi ngoai l (MAt ngdy & trong ti, Bdng ngdn ndm d ngodi).

Ho{c

cAu

Nhdt nhdt bdt kibn, Nhn tam thu hd >. (MAt ngdy khdng thhy mqt, Tr6ng ddi nhtr ba ntun), o

Kh6i-niQm vd kh6ng-gian vlr thligian ndy dugc CU Nguyen*Du di€n-d4t trong TruyQn Kidu qua hai ciu tho sau: 7B

Sdu dong cdng khdc edng ddy, Ba thu dgn lgi mQt ngay ddi ghd !

Cbn suc-m4nh cria thm-tinh thi dugc th6-hign ftong nh&ng cAu thcr saul Cdnh ndo cdnh chdng d.eo sdu, Ngairi budn cdnh cd vui ddu bao giir?

Th{t vny, cring mQt clnh hY nhung c6 vui c6 budn, vi lbng nguli c6 khi budn lfc vui, Cfing nhu cirng mgt blrn tay, mQt cung din cfia ningKidu, nhung c6 khi budn-thlm th€-lucrng nhu m)u tang-ch|, c6 khi thi vui-vdy thanh-tho|t nhn hoa'n& chim reo. Qua nhlrng thayd6i 5y ctn ti?ng dhn, d€n noi khi nghe xong Kim.Trp ng cfing phti buQt loi khen-nggi

Chdng rdng

: Phd ky tay ndo,

Xaa sao sdu-thdm, nay sao uui-vdy Td vui b&i tqi lbng ndy,

Hay Id khd tQn,'dbn ngqy cam lai 7 Ngolri nhilng khia-c4nh tu-tu&ng, kh6i-ni?m v) tAm-tinh tr€nr trong TruyQn

---71

Nguy6n-Du cbn di6n-tt stlc rn4nh crla tim, ttlc lir trt|t-Ly duy-tim duy-thfre cria Ph?t- gttro qrua hai ciu tho tuyQt-titc sau diy nfra. D6 lh :

Kidu

Linh ldi, ndng m6i

theo sang,

Bibt ddu dia-ngqc, thi\n-ddngld

d,du?

YAng, dt3ng nhtr th6. Thi6n-dulng vh dia-nguc kh6ng phti & dAu xa-14, mi chinh ng y & tru6c rnit ta, b€n c4nh tA, bdng-b4c khip trong c6i ddi ndY' kir6ng b16t dAu mlr phAn-biQt dugc. H4nh-phric v) dau-kh6 cirng th8. Vd vhn-dd ndy duc Phit c6 day:

<tTrilrtc chi nhan, Tuy ngoa dia thttng,

Nhi ui an-Igc; Bkt tritrtc gid, Tuy xb thi6,n-dwdng, Nhi b&t xwng y>, (Ng'r.bi md bibt dh,

Dil ndm trdn d&t, Cfing drqc an-Iqc; 8o

Ngwiri khdng bibt d,h, Dit & tr6n thifin*ifubng, Vdn kh6ng uba ,).

C1r

Ciln-cv v}o thuybt-lf ndy ch&ng ta thhy: H4nh-phdc hay dau-kh5, day'dtl hay thi€u-thbn, tbt cl d€u do lbng minh.

Thi€n-dulng v} dia-nggc, cfing nhu dm vlr dtong, tbi v) silng, ng)Y v} d6rn, kh6ng c6 phtrcrng-hw1ngt, cltng khdng c6 tanh-giii nhht-dinh. O' diu cfrng c6 thii bi€n-thirnh thiOn-dulng holc dia-ngqc dugc cA' Ngay & mong ki6p sbng crla con ngudi v) & trong th€-gi6i nhAn-gian ndy cfing th6.

Dd di6n-d4t tv-ur,&ng crla minh vd vbn-dd <thi€n-dulng v} dla-nggc' ndy, trong TruyQn Kidu Cq NguYEn-Du di vi€t

Natc trdi

hoa rqng dd Ydn, Hay il6u ihla-ngyc & mid,n nhdn-gian? F{Eu dem hai cAu thcr

tr€n cfia C$

Nguy6n-Du so'sinh vcri hai cAu danhng6n sau dAy cfia Trung'Hoa: oNgau dm thhY thdnh nhit, Xd dm thhY tkdnh dic' (Trdu ubng nwtc thdnh sit'a, Rdn ubng nwac thdnh d\c)' Rdi dem so-s6nh v6'i mhY ciu thcr sau diy ctla thi-si Milton: nThe mind iis rrs own Place and in

itself,

Can ma'ke a heaven ot' hel|, A hell of heaven"' (Tdm c6 v!-trf ud d(c-tinh ri6ny

cfia,

Tdm cd thA tqo cdnh thiiln-dtdng

thi

trong dla'ng4c, Vd tgo c&nh ilia-ngqc trong thi6ndvdng) chring ta sd thby diem u kh6ng hgn

gdP> giira ngudn clm-hring crla .a" itti-ttttan nOng vlr Tiy trong nhirng c6-ging di6n-dat tri€t-hqc duy-tirn duythrlc ctra Phit-9i6o*"

Vi chrl-trucrng < tarn-giGi duy-tAm, van-ph6p dry - thnc,,, n€n Phit-giric' phrl-nhgn rngi stlc rnanh si6u-nhi6n v) tr,r-nhi6n & bcn ngoli. Phit-gido quydinh rnqi khia-c4nh, m9i gi|-trq c'in cuQc

dli

vd cho srlc m4nh crla tr,r-t&m.

Tdm t4o thi6n-ducrng dia-ngqc, tirn tao Ni€t-b)n sanh-trir, tim tao Phit chdng-sanh, tern t4o h4nh-phric daukh6 v,v.,. N6i mQt cdch khdco tilm {cfing c6 th6 ggi li nghiQp-lqc) t4o ra tht ch vh thrn 1l chrl-dQng-lqrc cfia c1di minh.

T6ng-hgp ci hai quan-niQne ctla Phit-girio v) Nho-giilo-vd, s&c m4nh c&a tq-thm, Cq Nguydn-Du trong TruyQn Kidu di di6,n-dqt t:a-tlr&ng minh qua l&i crla Str-c6 Tam-Hgp nhu sara: Sw rdng: Phrtc hga dqo Triri Cdi ngudn c{tng & Ibng ngwdi rnd ra, C6 Trdi md cfrng tgi ta, Tu ld. cdi phrtc, finh ld ddy aan, 83

Ve sau khi Ph6c-hqa ddY-d& rngi

lch(a-c4nh crla cuQc dli, rnqi thay d6i bi€n-thiOn cfra nhin*sinh vfi-trq' ?) mqi thdng-trdrn vinh-nhgc crla n\ng Kidu, &' doan k6t crla cu6n aDo4n-trtrlng TAn-

ttranh,r, CU Ti€n-Didn NguYdn-Du

v:iEt I

Dd mang tdY nghiQP udo thdn, Cfing itirng irdch ldn Triri gdn Tritt

xa",

Thi\n cdn & tqi lbng ta, Chir ,(Tdm, kia m&i bdng ba chfr

,<Tdi.l,.

*** 'Thua quf vi, Tir trOn d0n diY ching t6i de ctrng v6i qui vi x6t qlra m$t v)i khfa-c4nh tni€t-hgc t6n-gi6o ctla TruyQn Kidu' Cfu3ng-t6i n6i mQt v)i khia-c4nh, vi trong TruYQn Kidu hirm-chr?a nhidu quan-niQm nhin - sinh, triEt-hqc t6n' gi6o, thryc-trpng xi-hgi vir khia-c4nh con nguli' ddy-d& ch cic ia*-ly "t1"

phoottg-di€n t6t xhu, khen ch0, vinlanhgc, thinh suy, thiQn 6c v.v... mudn mlu mu6n sic, kh6ng I)m sao di6n.tA h6t mong ph4m-vi v) thli-gian ctla m6t biri thuy€t-trinh duqc.

Tty nhi€n, c6 16 qui v! cfing ddng!,voi chring t6i ring: Khi dgc TrtryQn Kidu chting ta kh6ng thrl n)o kh6ng lrJ?71.j

th6n-thrlc cho s5-ki6p dga-d)y lao-kho c&a ning Kidu. Chinh tilm-*4ng niy dua d€n cho chfng ta mQt liOn-tu&ng n su! nguii rdi nghi d€n ta)) ttong thi,nph{n c&a ki€p ngudi trdm-luin daukh6: Nghi thd.n phtt-thb md dau, Bgt trang bA kh6, bio ddu bbn m6!

V) t& d6, trp-nhi€n tr)o diy rrong lbng ta m$t tinh thucrng man-mdc. Thtrcrng cho sb-ki€p d)o-hoa b4c-phgn ctla nlrng Kidu chdng? Thucrng cho Ctl Nguy6n-Du lgn-din trOn dulng c6ngdanh srg - nghiQp cria thli L€ - m4t 85

E+

rev.d

{

Nguy6n-scr ching ? Hay thttcrng cho ta" cho mgi ngtrli dang s6ng trong clnh bdo-miy rnQng-lo & chbn ftdm - luin

ndy

tinh chdng? -Kh6ng, thucrng 5y kh6ng c6 thd'i-gian v) dinhhu6ng, Ta thucrng cho tat ci. Tinh thucrng by 1) gi n6u kh6ng phii l) lbng tir-bi ctla dao Ph67t?

kh6-hei

ta thby: Tinh thtrcrng h mQt sqi dAy v6-hinh n6i li€n giil'a rninh vi ngudi, gitra hiQn-t1i, qu6-khr? v} ttrcrng-lai. Qua tinh thtrcvng 5y, Thihlo Nguy6n-Du vdi nguli dhn b) bacph$n trong quydn t Thanh-tim TlinhAn r,, vdi nirng Kidu lao-dao l!n-d4n trong cubn cDo4n-trulng TAn-thanh v, vlr v&i chring ta trong cuQc dli trdmThqrc-t6 cho

lo-mQng ndy nhtr o ddng thanh nrong-&ng, ddng khi ttrcrng-cdur, c6 mQt cdi gi li€n-hQ khSn-khit vdi nhau

ltrin qua

th€ 86

thli-gian vir phucrng-hvlng. Nhtr

thi

gifta ching ta *

nguli cbn kE

t ,fi

mht, ngaoi rn6ng ke thqc sE kh6ng cdn ai kh6c cho ai n&a tron g cilu thcr:

:l{,

:li

Bdt

tri tam haeh da ni6n hQu,

Thi€n-hq hd nhdn khdp Tb.nha?

(Kh6ng bibt rdi ddy ba trdm ndm sQu,

Trong thi6n-hq cbn ai khdc T6-Nhw?

m) chinh

lh, ta kh6c cho

)

thnn-phin con

v|y. Song song vryr f-niQm vi tinh-

nguli

cria chring ta

thucrng 5y, khi dgc TruyQn Ki€u chdng ta cAm thhy: Con ngubi trtrdc h€t li m$t vat y€u-hdn bht-ft.rc, nhung nhd < thiQn-cin > sin co & trong lbng, kdm theo vdi 1i-chi li€n-tqc ph5n-dlu, ntn cu6i-cirng con ngu&i sE thlng dugc dinh-m6nh, vtf,(vt kh6i mgi bit-c6ng

cu$c ddi dA xiy-dqng cho tucrng-lai cia rninh. Ciu chimngdn crla Tiy-phuong:

th&-thlch

cldra

<Thdt-bqi

rrtg dd cha thdnh-c6ngt

v) cAu phucrng-ngdn c&a D6ng-phtrcrng (Nhit-Bin): 87

7 ,s

xubng bdy ldn, ldn thw tdm dang dfy, di dugc the-hi€n ho)n-to)n trong nhinvit chinh cfia TruyQn Kidu, d6 le n)ng Kidu. Dby b gi n6u kh6ng phii li mi6t-

dinh dQcJip ctla Ong cha chring ta trir xtta, vi ngay ct thE-hQ ctla chrlng ta bAy gib n&a.

c&a cic din-tQc A-Ddng?

cic h)mg thugng-luu tri-thr?c & thi-

( Ngd

1! nhin-bln, truydn-th6ng bbt-khuht

I t

:t ; ,'

Th€m mQt didu ntra, dgc TruYQn Kidu cfuhng ta thby: T6c-phim ndY di vtrgt I€n tt6n tht cl nhfrng quan-niQrn chit-hgp tdm-thulng crla ducrng-thbi d6 thd,-hiQn mQt tinh-thdn t6ng-h9p Iinh-dgng c&a cilc nd,n ur-tu&ng Ddngphuong li Ph?t- giilo, Nho-gi6o vlr L5ogiio. Ba ndn tri€t-hgc Phit, Lio, Nho hy de dung-hba dgp-dZ trong c6ng-ctrdc dtic-k6t thlrnh sic - thdi dac-bict vi phong-phri ctla ndn vin-h6a ViQt-Nam v6i mby nghin nim lich-srb. Chinh sicthSi ndy dd t4o ra truydn-th6ng dung-

hba nhtng kh6ng

n6 - lQ, mdrn-ddo nhung bbt-khuht crla dAn-tgc ViQt-Nane trli qua bao cuQc chbng xnrn-ldng,

C6 le vi nh&ng lf-do tr€n, n€n d4ida-sb qudn-ch&ng Vi€t-Nam, tir gi6i cdn-cir lao-dQng & n6ng-th6n cho d6n

th)nh ddu thich dgc TruyQn Kidu' cdng nhQn giil-tti crla Truy€n Kidu' nhbt Xlr giit-ti d6ng-g6p crla n6 trong c5c linlavr.rc vin-chuong, tri€t-lf, nghQ-thuit vlr tl-tt&ng ViQt-Nam" V) c6 lE cfrng vi thl, n€n nhv ngvcri Ba-Tu d6i v6i bAn trulng-ca Rubaiyat, nguli An-DQ dbi vdi bln tinh-thcr Bhavagad Gita v"v".., nguli ViQt-Nam ch&ng ta d6n nh*n tilc-phdn TruyQn Kidu nhu mQt vat thdn-y4cu, phln-chi€u tir lbng minh, d&i minh vQy.

Thaa qui vi,

Theo chririg t6i chucrng; nghi'

-thuit,

thi

giir-tti

thdm - mf

v5nqtxa

TruyQn Kidu li & d6, v) gi6-ti trllthpc t6n-gi6o v6i tinh-thdn t6ng-ho. p linh-dQng c&a n Tam-gi6o ddng*quy , cfing thd-hien trong Truygn Kidu d d5" Vi th€ d6 k6t-truin bii thuy€t-trinh ndy, xin g4t ra ngoii nhfrng f-ki6n di-ddng, nh&ng lli khen-ch€ ph6-ph:in qua gibng th&i-gian vir lich-sdr, chring t6i mu6n x6c-d!nh ncri dAy srg d6ng-g6p hiru-ich c:iua tic-phim TruyQn Kidu, cfing nhu ut-tu&ng trtLt-Ii cria thi-h)o Nguy6nDu trong ndn vin-trr6a crla din-t$c v) nhAnJo4i v{y.

***

Mudn rd vfun'lt*a truy}n'thdnE cia A'ch6u' Mudn hibu tinh'thbn d6c'dao cfra PhQt'sifio'

Mudn thilng'sudt trilt'thuydt D6n9 'phtong md c6c gi6i tr'r'thftc Au'My dang khao'kh1t

tlm fii8u:

BAN HAY TiM SQC;

TRIET.HQC ZEN (T+p

vh TSP

II)

c&a

rxicx

THIEN-AN

do DONC - PrIUONG

XUAT. BAN

Thugng-rgo

I-IAI TI\C, PHAN4 CIA'TRI

cha 'fhugng - r9(t fniCn,-fnlEn - At't

LlcH-SLr

TI-r-TIlcrNG NHaT- BAt\ wQr-Puuc c6ttl

[ri6t-l{, Ph6t'gifuo, Nho'giilo vi [hin'dqo' iinn i*re" htt ' khult dang 'cdm' 'in'-rndnn NfiOt

'Bdn'cb'kim cria do D6NG-PHuoNG ."f,1,

Giao - dUc NhAt- Bfrn

lEltf,l&N=rD+r

li Ii' I 1

NOI-DuNG c6l'r cO r ''Cao'dtng' Cdc ngdnh Tibu'hpc' Trun'g'hpc' Dailwc.

* G"'nqerh Pht!'ntt Ci6o'duc' * Fhcamg'ph5p giSo'duc & cfic Trrdng mi' di6c,cf,m,

ngQng'

nginfi siSo'duc d6c'bi4 nh,v^.Dao' -* ii-"e, ';;i;:;'ii'x''t'ii' Am",hq,.' Hoi'hoa' KYehufit, Khoa'hgc v'v "'

"b'tnx-n6r

crAo-u1rc

xuir-sAl Gi5:

120S

r G|A-TR! rRli.T - r-{oc TRUYEN KIEU

}

TON^{

crAo rRoNc

Do T.T. THICH

THIEN.AN

BrEN-soAN. r-ioA-sT NGUyEN-vr rRiNH-BAy

BiA VA NHA BoNG-pHuoNG XUAI.BAN. NGoAI NFJIING BAN GIAY THI'6NG, CON rN 2oo euyEN RAc-Ntlr oANx ntâ&#x201A;¬xc ctto

rAc-erA vA NHA xuAr-alx.

rx6xo

sAx

SEN -V NV C, Ztl| Sv V an' H aah, C hol on - D.T. 56.ft 5 Kitn duv& s6 5197 lBTTltsCilXB, Sarson nsiy 29'12-1965

An-qan

rt ,J

/:\ :

Ctl|{G A{O'f 'I'AC - GIA nA

1y$7,p4ry

t,- Kii{H i$At-uAi

}.$-lAN GIAcI

il2i

(r,+r)

Phat girlr: Irurr1 ph-n xu6l,i:r-rn

'l'Rn0 L)0! vAt"t-uetn vlirl't''Nl\1,4 \'A Song iJi ':,rr'.t Nl{ i'[ tlAN (rcl)

+,"

trufir'"fiqc znN

LICII-SLr TLI-TU$NG IJHAT'BAIJ

q16p

ti." pFIaT-GIAO VIS"r'NAM XI.rA VA

I'-{AY

?.- GTA.TRI Tntbr-sQc T0N-GIAO T'RONG TRI'YEN KI,EU

t.-

clAU-rxJCr NHAT-BAN HIEN-DA.I

Bi sE-

bq' n

tl It

Van-f'l6u Gido-Dgc

YlA!:qaN:

I.- ZEN V"a TIII-CA r;iiaT-AAN 2.- LICH-SI.r VA TRrhr"Lf ZEN 3.- CHCT/r BFNH B1i,NG PHO'{TNG PTIAP ZEN

4,, LICH

SI"T

VA VAN HOA A-CTTAU

5otit