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In this chapter we will look at the economic problems faced by Weimar Germany that led to the Nazi Party coming to power, led by Adolf Hitler, and the destruction of democracy in Germany. We will also examine the main characteristics of the state.
Adolf Hitler delivering a speech at the Reichstag as the Chancellor of Germany. He addresses the 'Jewish question'.
Useful terms
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Hitler’s Germany, 1933–1939
Anti-Semitism: Hatred of the Jewish people.
Democracy: A political system where governments seek re-election on a regular basis.
The Depression: A period of economic problems characterised by high unemployment and falling industrial production that started with the Wall Street Crash in 1929.
Dictatorship: A state where power rests with one person.
Der Führer: Hitler’s title, which means ‘the leader’.
Fascism: A political system strongly opposed to socialism and communism. Its characteristics include a dictatorship, an end to democracy and very strong nationalism.
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Inflation: A period of rising prices. Hyperinflation is when prices rise out of control.
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How was the Weimar Republic established? In 1918, as World War I drew to a close, it was clear that Germany was on the verge of defeat. In early November the Kaiser (emperor), Wilhelm II, abdicated and went into exile in Holland. A republic was proclaimed with the socialist leader Friederich Ebert as chancellor (prime minster). The first act of the new government was to surrender to the Allies on 11 November 1918.
? KEY QUESTION
Why did the Nazis come to power in Germany?
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