Building Bridges, Not Walls | The Art of Diplomacy

BUILDING BRIDGES, NOT WALLS

THE ART OF DIPLOMACY

Welcoming Remarks

Welcome back to class, everyone! If this is your first class, we’re very excited to meet you! Before moving on to our lesson, let’s all introduce ourselves

Tell us your:

Name

Age Favourite subject in school

Fantastic! Now that we all know each other, we are ready to embark on an exciting journey of learning.

Along the way, you will discover new ideas, practice thinking on your feet, build your confidence when speaking in front of an audience, and develop your critical thinking skills.

Expectations 1 2

Thrilling activities awaits

The activities will keep you on the edge of your seat!

Give awesome speeches!

Active participation 3 We'll have a chance to speak up and get helpful feedback!

I'll call on your wacky ideas to make this class extra special.

Reminder: Class Rules

Now that we all know each other, let’s make this class into a proper classroom!

Here are some rules that we will all follow together:

Before Class

Makesurethatyou’veeatenbreakfast/lunchandhavegonetothe bathroom

JointheZoomcallafewminutesbeforeclassstartssowecanget startedrightaway!

At the Start of Class

Turnyourcameraonsowecanseeyourlovelysmile!

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Letyourcoachknowifyouneedtoleaveclassearly

During Class

Keep your camera on unless you are preparing during an activity

Put your hand up if you want to say something

Do not leave your computer during class - if you need to go to the bathroom, put your hand up and ask your coach before you go Immediately unmute yourself and reply when you are called on

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BUILDING BRIDGES, NOT WALLS

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INTRODUCTION

Get ready to learn about diplomacy-- our passport to a peaceful world. We'll discover how it stops fights and unites countries to solve global problems.

We'll also learn about the tools diplomats use, like talking nicely, making friends, and using special methods when all else fails. So, get set for an exciting adventure to uncover how countries work together to make our world a happier place!

BUILDING BRIDGES, NOT WALLS

Key takeaway

Question

PART

Diplomacy’s application in our everyday lives

Case building using examples

How diplomacy works, including the tools used to keep the peace

A Fight to Remember

Warm-upActivity

Time 5 Mins: Discussion

Rules

Tell us about a time that you fought with someone. How did you guys make up?

Include: Activity Guidelines

What the fight was about?

How did you or the person you fought with showed they were sorry?

Did you agree to do something different to prevent fighting over the same thing in the future?

BUILDING BRIDGES, NOT WALLS

PART 1: FRIENDSHIP ACROSS THE GLOBE

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

International Relations are the relationships between countries–whether they’re friends or enemies

Maintaining international relationships is important for several reasons:

1 2 3 4

Prevent wars from happening

So that it’s easier to solve big problems that affect everyone, like climate change or diseases

Connecting the world by making trading goods and moving from one country to another easier

To learn and understand the culture of people from all over the world

WHAT IS DIPLOMACY?

Diplomacy is the art of managing international relations through methods that we will talk more about later.

The main thing to know is that diplomacy involves a lot of talking. These talks help prevent misunderstandings and ensure that countries keep their promise to keep the world peaceful and friendly.

Do you think that you are good at being diplomatic?

Diplomats, who are representatives of a country, play a key role in diplomacy by engaging in discussions, forging agreements, and building positive relationships with other nations

Diplomacy isn't just for countries; we can use it in our everyday lives too! You can be a 'peacemaker' among friends or family.

Diplomacy in Everyday Life Wit

Diplomacy understand arguing. It how diplom

th Family and Friends

Imagine that two of your friends want to play different games. To stop them from arguing, you could use diplomacy by talking nicely and finding a game that makes both of them happy.

If your siblings are fighting about who should do the dishes, you can use diplomacy to talk calmly with them You might suggest a compromise that everyone can agree on; like your brother has to do the dishes tonight, but your sister will do them tomorrow.

in everyday life is about using good communication, ding, and finding solutions to problems without fighting or helps make our friendships and families stronger, just like macy makes the world a better place.

With Other Cultures

When interacting with people from other cultures, we must respect their values and practices. To do so, we should be mindful of the following:

Greetings - In some cultures, people greet each other with a handshake, while in others, it's a hug or a bow. Learning how to greet someone politely in their way is like saying, 'I respect your culture.' Honorifics are sometimes disrespectful to just call people by their names, without any honorifics like “Mister”, “Madam”, or other terms to differentiate between someone older and more experienced and someone younger.

��Fun Fact: In South Korea, they use different honorifics based on age and social status. It's like having a secret code of respect in their language!

Table Manners - When you eat with someone from a different culture, their table manners might be different. It's essential to learn these so you can share a meal without any awkwardness.

Gift Giving - In some cultures, giving gifts is a way to say 'thank you' or 'hello.' Learning what types of gifts are appropriate and when to give them is like showing kindness and appreciation.

Listening and Learning - When you meet someone from a different culture, ask questions and show interest in their customs. It's like opening a book and learning about their world.

Language - Learning a few words in their language, like 'hello' or 'thank you,' can make them feel welcome and respected

Have you met someone from a different culture/ country than you? How did you both show respect for each other’s cultures?

Diplomatic Relations

Just like we make friends and keep in touch, countries do the same thing with each other. They have special people called ‘diplomats’ who act like messengers and talk to other countries. Diplomats live and work in 'embassies,' which are like their special homes in other countries. Diplomats have a bit of a superpower: they help countries understand each other better and solve problems without fighting. So, when countries get along and work together, it's because of these diplomatic friendships."

Did you know?

Countries have several diplomats who are in charge of different things like the economy, military, or education. Meanwhile, ‘ambassadors’ are the highest-ranking diplomats of the country They formally represent their head of state.

International Organizations

Think of international organisations as big clubs where countries unite to solve big problems.

One of the most famous clubs is the 'United Nations,' which is like a superhero team for countries. They meet to talk about making the world a better and safer place. The United Nations and other organizations help countries cooperate, sort of like how friends join clubs at school to do cool projects together. These clubs make the world a more peaceful and helpful place for everyone!

Since the world is so big, groups of countries, called regions, have their regional organizations as well. Here are some examples:

European Union (EU)

Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) African Union (AU)

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

FINDING THE MIDDLE GROUND Class Discussion

Rules

Suggest potential solutions to the problems listed below: that will make everyone happy.

Feel free to have as many steps as you want and hi k id h b !

SCENARIO 1: CHOOSING A GAME

Problem: You and your friends want to play different games at recess. Some want to play soccer, while others prefer tag.

SCENARIO 2: SHARING TOYS

Problem: You have a new video game, and your little brother wants to play with you, but your parents don’t want him to try it because it’s a shooting game.

SCENARIO 3: PLANNING A SCHOOL EVENT

Your class is planning a school event, and there are disagreements about what kind of event to organize. Some students want a talent show, while others prefer a sports day.

It’s natural for people to disagree, but that doesn’t have to lead to a fight. Everyone can be happy as long as we communicate and consider everyone’s feelings.

PART 2: DIPLOMACY IN ACTION

Now let’s look at what the threats to world peace are and what tools our diplomats use to keep the peace

Global Challenges

Climate Change

This is when the Earth's climate is changing, and it can cause problems like extreme weather, rising sea levels, and harm to nature. This problem has no borders. The problem of one country will eventually be the problem of another

Did you know?

The British Petroleum Company’s oil rig explosion in the Gulf of Mexico killed eleven people and caused the largest oil spill in U.S. history, around five million barrels It took nearly 3 months to contain and caused about $17 2 billion in damage to the environment, tourism, and fisheries.

Conflict and Peace

Conflicts and wars can happen between countries, and diplomacy is used to prevent fights and create peace agreements so that people can live in safety.

Poverty and Hunger

Many people around the world don't have enough food or money to live well. Diplomacy helps countries share resources and create plans to fight poverty and hunger.

Refugees and Migration

Sometimes, people have to leave their homes because of danger or problems in their countries. Diplomacy helps countries work together to provide help and safe places for these people.

Health Crises

Diseases like the recent COVID-19 pandemic can spread worldwide. Diplomacy helps countries cooperate to find cures, share vaccines, and keep people healthy.

Countries need to work together, just like teamwork in sports, to find solutions to these issues. Diplomacy helps countries unite their efforts

Did you see diplomacy in action during the COVID-19 pandemic? What did it look like?

Diplomatic Tools

Problem Resolution

Various processes and procedures have evolved for handling diplomatic issues and disputes.

NEGOTIATIONS

This is a discussion that aims to resolve an issue in a way that all parties find acceptable.

Negotiations involve give and take, which means each party will usually need to make some sacrifices.

Negotiations usually take place between two countries or groups.

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES

International conferences are formal gatherings where leaders and diplomats from different countries meet to discuss and make decisions about important global issues. Think of these as a student assembly, where everyone shows up to discuss several matters, build relationships, and share knowledge.

These conferences are also used as a tool for diplomacy when countries need to solve global problems, like super-sized negotiations.

Example: Camp David Accord convened in 1978 by President Jimmy Carter of the United States, at Camp David to reach an agreement between Prime Minister Mechaem Begin of Israel and President Anwar Sadat of Egypt. After weeks of negotiation, an agreement was reached and the accords were signed, later leading directly to the Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty of 1979

Problem Resolution

TREATIES

Treaties help countries work together on different things, like trade or protecting the environment.

They are promises between countries. After negotiating, countries write down the rules they agree to follow. These create clear expectations of how countries must behave, what benefits they can receive, and the potential consequences of breaking the promises

MEDIATIONS

Sometimes, when two countries have a big argument, they ask a neutral country or organisation, called a ‘mediator’ to help them find a solution. Today, much of this work is often carried out by the International Court of Justice at the Hague, or other organisations under the United Nations.

��Fun Fact: Diplomats have what we call ‘Diplomatic Immunity’. This is like a special shield for diplomats. It means they can work in other countries without getting into trouble for certain things. It's like having special rules for a game.

Maintaining Go CourtesyCalls

Diplomats often meet with leaders from other countries to say hello or give updates on the latest things happening within their country. This is just like how one would visit their grandparents on weekends or holidays to keep in touch.

Aid

This is when one country helps another country facing problems like disasters or poverty. Countries can send money, food, or experts to help out, which builds strong friendships.

Sometimes, aid is used to encourage positive changes in return, like asking for improvements in education or environmental protection. It's a way for countries to work together, extend a helping hand, and make the world a better place.

ood Relations

Alliances

Countries can team up and become allies, just like friends who promise to support each other. They do this to help each other out in times of need or to work together on common goals.

CulturalExchange

This is a way for countries to connect and build friendships with others from around the world. Countries may invite citizens from other countries to visit them to learn their language, tour their country, and experience their food and culture. This tool helps countries understand each other better, promotes peace, and strengthens international relationships.

FRIEND OR FOE? Activity

Rules

Discuss as a class, then use a red line to connect countries that you think are like frenemies and green for countries that you think are like BFFs.

Find as many connections as you can!

The Last Resort

TravelBans

Travel bans are restrictions on people from a specific country visiting another country. Sometimes countries will ban leaders or even all citizens from another country. It's a way to show disapproval for certain actions.

Sanctions

When diplomatic interests collide, and a deadlock ensues, negotiators might threaten sanctions. This is a way to put pressure on a country. Countries can stop trading with the country they're upset with, which can hurt their economy.

Military or Humanitarian Interventions

When a powerful country sends its soldiers to another country because it believes there's no other way to resolve a conflict or protect its interests. This is usually considered after all peaceful efforts, like negotiations and sanctions, have been tried and failed. Military interventions can have serious consequences, so they're only used when all other options have been exhausted.

Did you know?

Vietnam's intervened in Cambodia in 1978, to stop and overthrow the leader that was killing his citizens

It's like telling someone, 'We won't play with you until you behave better.' The goal is to make that country change its actions, like stopping harmful activities or following international rules.

Examples: Restricting trade or halting financial assistance

But, these measures are used as a last resort because they can affect regular people in those countries too. It's a serious warning to say, 'We're very unhappy with your actions,' and countries prefer to resolve issues through talking and peaceful solutions before resorting to sanctions and travel bans.

Sometimes, diplomats are unable to agree. In these instances, countries turn to force instead of words

What do you think will happen if these last-resort measures don’t work?

A DIPLOMAT’S DECISION

Time

10 Mins

Rules

Given the situation below, choose which diplomatic tool/s you would use.

Extra for experts: Name specific tools if you can!

CHOICES

A. Problem Resolution

B. Maintaining Good Relationships

C. Last Resort

Situation 1: For the past year, Country A has been actively hurting the citizens of Country C and trying to claim their land. Despite efforts to talk to Country A, they will not stop.

Situation 2: Several nations want to make sure their shared ocean remains clean.

Situation 3: Two neighbouring countries argue for their borders. They can’t agree on who owns the newly discovered territory located between them.

Situation 4: Lithuania wants the world to know about them. They hope that more people can visit their country.

Situation 5: A devastating earthquake hits Haiti, a very poor country.

Situation 6: Japan has a new ambassador who is quite young. This ambassador wants to build good relationships with ambassadors of other countries.

Situation 7: Citizens are being killed by their leader. Despite efforts at diplomacy, it has not stopped.

PART 3: SETTING A GOOD EXAMPLE

Case Building Using Examples

Before we learn how to argue with examples, let’s refresh ourselves on how to build a basic argument

Speech Blocks Template

INTRODUCTION

Introductions should have an opening statement and a mission statement.

REASON 1

The first reason why Explain your reasoning here …

REASON 2

The second reason why Explain your reasoning here …

CONCLUSION

Summarise your reasons here.

BUILDING BRIDGES, NOT WALLS

Using Examples

Why should we use examples in our arguments?

When we are explaining our arguments, it is important to make sure that our audience can fully understand what we are trying to say. When we add examples to our speech, it makes them even more relatable and easy to imagine.

Debating is all about being persuasive and using examples helps us do just that exactly.

Do you think more examples always mean the argument is stronger?

BUILDING BRIDGES, NOT WALLS

Two Basic Types of Examples

Examples using facts

When to use them: When there are well-known examples that prove the logic of the argument.

How to use them: If possible, you can state real-world cases, numbers, or statistics, but even if you don't know exact figures, just explaining the example works.

ere’s a sample:

THBT Developing Nations should not host the Olympic Games

ntroduction:

As the biggest sporting event in the world, countries need a lot of esources to host the Olympic Games. We believe that developing ations should not host the Olympics for this very reason.

eason 1:

osting the Olympics will not help developing countries improve their conomy, but instead hurt them.

xample with statistics: s a result of hosting the Olympics. Brazil owed 132 million USD.

xample without statistics: Mexico and Brazil wasted money on building stadiums to host the lympics instead of spending it to improve the country. Today, both ountries are still struggling economically.

he example proves to us that a developing country did become poorer fter hosting the Olympics

As long as you know the general facts about the situation, you don’t need to memorize exact numbers or statistics.

Examples using stories

When to use them: Use these examples when you do not know any real-life examples or statistics.

How to use them:

1. Use your imagination! Try to think of how an argument would play out

2. Use logic. Make sure to back up your imagination with logic–think about why and how something would happen.

3. Tell a story. Tell a short story to help the audience imagine your example.

Here’s a sample:

This house would not limit children’s use of technology to 2 hours per day

IMAGINATION

Imagine yourself in a similar situation. If you were not allowed to use technology would you automatically go and study?

Think about school children and what they like and dislike. Logically speaking, would the majority of school kids voluntarily study if their parents did not push them?

Get creative over here. Tell a short story, and come up with a character, say Billy. He is a student who is rebellious and does not listen to his parents. Once his iPad is taken away, he will find other things to do besides studying, like sleeping all day or going out with friends.

Note: There are reasonable and extreme examples.

A reasonable example: Billy will be sad and uncooperative if you take away his iPad.

An extreme example: Billy will be mad and start breaking everything in the apartment if his iPad is taken away.

Make sure the examples you are using are reasonable and easy to believe Using extreme examples makes an argument unpersuasive.

PART 3: SETTING A GOOD EXAMPLE

A Prime Example

The NonProliferation Treaty

The NPT, was created a long time ago to stop more countries from getting nuclear weapons. It was mainly because the United States wanted to make sure nuclear weapons didn't spread everywhere. This treaty has helped prevent a big nuclear war in the world. The treaty, initially negotiated between 1965 and 1968, with several countries signing in later decades, can be credited with keeping the world from exploding in a nuclear war.

SHOW ME THE PROOF!

Time

5 Mins

Rules

Match the arguments with their correct examples

BUILDING BRIDGES, NOT WALLS

SHOW ME

LIST OF ARGUMENTS

Smoking in public places should be banned because second-hand smoke can damage the health of innocent people.

Poor people who steal food to eat should not be sent to jail because they are not dangerous, nor are they doing so to disrespect the law. They are desperate. They don’t have a choice.

We need to sanction country x because they refuse to uphold the treaty we agreed to. They continue to ignore international law while everyone else is keeping their promise.

THE PROOF!

LIST OF EXAMPLES

Country z, which previously ignored international law, was sanctioned by many countries. Afterward, they followed international law.

According to the US government, adults who do not smoke and are exposed to secondhand smoke increase their risk of developing lung cancer by 20–30%.

A poor single mother of 5 children works more than 12 hours to earn a little money, but it’s not enough to feed all her children.

SHOW ME Answe

LIST OF ARGUMENTS

Smoking in public places should be banned because second-hand smoke can damage the health of innocent people.

Poor people who steal food to eat should not be sent to jail because they are not dangerous, nor are they doing so to disrespect the law. They are desperate. They don’t have a choice.

We need to sanction country x because they refuse to uphold the treaty we agreed to. They continue to ignore international law while everyone else is keeping their promise.

THE PROOF!

LIST OF EXAMPLES

Country z, which previously ignored international law, was sanctioned by many countries. Afterward, they followed international law.

According to the US government, adults who do not smoke and are exposed to secondhand smoke increase their risk of developing lung cancer by 20–30%.

A poor single mother of 5 children works more than 12 hours to earn a little money, but it’s not enough to feed all her children.

PROOF IT

Activity

Rules

You will be given 2 arguments below. Give at least one example for each argument, then complete the rest of the speech!

Remember the two ways in which we can use examples to respond

Guidelines Examples using facts Examples using stories

Extra for experts: If you can, use both. If not, use the one you’re most comfortable with!

Hint:

Think about why punishments are important to prevent the same problem from happening twice. Think about what governments might do to mistreat citizens.

Topic: This house would sanction countries that are breaking international law

INTRODUCTION

REASON 1

One reason for doing this is to set an example so that other countries do not break the rules. Without punishments, countries will not respect international law and just do what they want.

Example: _______________________________________

REASON 2

Another reason is to protect people from really bad things happening. When countries mistreat their citizens or cause a lot of suffering, it's important to step in and help.

Example: _______________________________________

CONCLUSION

It’s time for me to tell you my favourite thing about your speech, as well as what you can improve on.

Because it’s your first speech for this class, I will give you 2 pieces of feedback:

Whether you were able to properly follow the basic building block structure

Whether or not your examples were appropriate and well explained.

Here’s a recap of what we learned today:

Maintaining international relationships is important for several reasons:

Prevent wars from happening

So that it’s easier to solve big problems that affect everyone, like climate change or diseases.

Connecting the world by making trading goods and moving from one country to another easier

To learn and understand the culture of people from all over the world.

Diplomacy is the art of managing international relations to address global challenges

There are several tools that diplomats use to maintain peace and good relationships with other countries. They can be categorized into the following:

Problem Resolution

Maintaining Good Relationships

Last Resort Measures like travel bans, sanctions, and interventions

When building an argument with examples, you have two basic options:

Examples using facts

Examples using stories