EM June Issue 2021 by Icon Media Group

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

EDITOR’S DESK Dear Readers! Editor

Alka Puri

Sub Editor

Roopal Chaurasia Shipranshu Pandey

Editorial Advisor

Priyanka Roy Chaudhary

Design & Production Pankaj Rawat Mukesh Kumar Sah

National Business Head

Subhash Chandra Email: s.chandra@electricalmirror.net

Business Head - West & South

Pradeep Kumar Email: pradeep.k@electricalmirror.net

Sr. Manager Sales

Neha Chauhan neha@electricalmirror.net

India's average daily electricity use in May fell 10.4% from April, an analysis of government data showed, as states imposed lockdowns to rein in a devastating second wave of coronavirus infections. Average power generation fell to 3,664 billion units in May from 4,074 billion in April, the analysis of data from federal grid regulator POSOCO showed, with output beginning to increase in the last week of the month. Electricity use in India generally peaks in May, as more people turn to air-conditioning amid sweltering temperatures at the height of the summer season and industrial activity rises. Government officials had said, “The recovery in power demand in late 2020 was a sign the economy was beginning to recover from its worst slump in decades. Industries and offices account for half of India's annual electricity consumption. More than three-quarters of states reported lower electricity use in May than April.”

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Business Development Manager Sunil R Shirsat sunil@electricalmirror.net

Sales & Marketing Hemant Chauhan Dinesh Kumar Manju

Manager-Subscription

Praveen Kumar Email: subscribe@electricalmirror.net All rights reserved by all events are made to ensure that the information published is correct; Electrical Mirror holds no responsibility any unlikely errors that might occur. Printed, published and owned by Usha, Published from 13/455, Block No. 13, Trilok Puri, Delhi110091 and printed at Bright Tree, C-40, Gate No.-4, Okhla Industrial Area, Phase-II, New Delhi-110020. e-mail: brighttreesolutions@gmail.com Editor : Alka Puri

Editor

INTERVIEW

Cover Story

India's overall market for switchgear industry is anticipated to grow

Special Theme: Earthing

The purpose of earthing is to minimize risk of receiving an electric shock

Saurabh Goel President havellS IndIa ltd.

Case Study of the Month Press Release NTPC

08,16

VARIOUS CASE STUDIES ON OPERATION AND CONTROL SCHEMES FOR GRID SUB-STATION Contd…

PFC 10 HPL 10

Special Focus: T&D

TPCODL 12

The Indian economy is observing signs of restitution & so is the power sector

ERDA 13

Havells 14 SYRMA 14 SRAM & MRAM

Industry Focus: UPS & Batteries

UPS battery can cause considerable harmonic distortion in the distribution network

Guest Article ERDA 90

Industry Feature: Thermal Camera

Product Info Flir Systems 92

Thermal imaging cameras are sophisticated devices that process the captured image

Special Feature: Substation Equipment

New Substations Are Helping Close The Electricity Gap In India

Event Diary

96 Industry Theme: Renewable Energy Power & Solar is now by far the lowest-cost source of new energy in India

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Press Release

NTPC vaccinates over 70,000 employees and their dependents across operations

PRESS RELEASE

• Rigorous vaccination against COVID drive continues across plants • Stringent health measures being taken to safeguard employees, workers and their families • Best healthcare support being extended to COVID positive patients NTPC Ltd., India’s largest integrated energy company has inoculated over 70,000 of its employees, workers and their family members across its operations. The massive vaccination drive continues across plant locations, which also includes NTPC’s associates and their dependents along with retired NTPC employees. Vaccination drives have been undertaken across NTPC stations in coordination with respective State administrations. NTPC has been organising Covid-19 vaccination drives across its plants from the time the vaccination programme was announced in India. NTPC has ensured that its frontline workers, current and retired staff over 60 and employees above 45 gets inoculated on priority. NTPC has also started vaccinating those are eligible in the

18-44 year old category at its plant locations. NTPC aims to cover all eligible employees and their dependents under the protection of the vaccine. The vaccination drive has been running across 72 locations of NTPC which includes the JVs and subsidiaries. Besides the vaccination drive, NTPC has constituted a taskforce at Central Level for various Covid related activities. India’s largest integrated energy player runs 24X7 Control Rooms for better coordination for patients across sites. The taskforce also helps in coordination for hospital beds and other treatment facilities across various empanelled hospitals. The 24X7 control room also coordinated for procurement of medicines, hospital equipment, services along with daily reporting and MIS. EM

NTPC leads the way to care for its people sets benchmark by pioneering employee friendly policies Since March last year, the world, including India, have hit by an unprecedented wave of COVID pandemic. With the much deadlier second wave sweeping across India, a herculean fight back is underway to boost medical infrastructure, ensure those who have got infected get timely and quality treatment, a robust vaccination programme has been rolled out while steps have been taken to ensure the virus doesn’t spread. Yet, the term ‘second wave’ underplays the magnitude of the recent COVID-19 crisis that has unfolded in India. It is more like a tsunami that has engulfed society across strata. COVID-19 is not just a physical calamity, and it is sure to leave a lasting psychological imprint long after it’s gone. Like any storm of such magnitude, it is difficult to wade through this one without a strong support system. The largest power generator, NTPC has pioneered these employee friendly policies, other organizations in the country have followed. NTPC is not only providing light to the country but also pioneered great policies for welfare its employees and showed the way for many organizations in the country. While many companies have taken drastic cost-cutting measures,

which also includes offloading employees, NTPC has been utilizing all the resources at its command to not only lend a helping hand but it has gone the extra mile for its employees to provide more than a healing touch. The leadership along with the top management have been regularly taking stock of the situation and implementing relief measures for NTPC’s employees and their families. NTPC is synonymous with ‘special care’ and it was displayed by the company when it planned for exceptional cases that needed advanced urgent care. It has developed medical infrastructure facilities at many of its locations for treating Covid patients. The company has arranged Air Ambulances for its employees giving them a new lease of life. Additionally, those who were deceased due to coronavirus, the company has implemented various measures to ensure financially sustained and dignified life for its family members. It has extended medical facilities to all the dependent members, facility of retention of company residential accommodation, extension of educational facilities to the school going children of deceased employees, economic rehabilitation scheme to ensure monthly income, group insurance and death relief scheme. EM

State farmers to draw benefits of Union govt’s power scheme Farmers of Jharkhand can now produce solar energy on their barren fields and earn by selling the power produced to the Jharkhand Bijli Vitran Nigam Limited (JBVNL) under the Union government’s flagship scheme, Kusum Yojana, which aims at promoting clean energy in rural India. The Jharkhand State Electricity Regulation Commission (JSERC) has approved JBVNL’s tariff petition for solar power to be bought from the farmers after a public hearing last month. As per the approved tariff, farmers can sell power to JBVNL

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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at the maximum rate of Rs 3.09 per unit. Under the scheme, farmers are entitled to a financial subsidy of nearly 60% of the equipment costs to set up a solar plant. “The state and the Centre have a 30:30 cost sharing arrangement while the rest has to be borne by the beneficiary,” K K Verma, director of Jharkhand Renewable Energy Development Authority (JREDA). Verma said the Centre has envisaged augmenting India’s solar power production capacity to 450 gigawatt through the scheme. EM

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

PRESS RELEASE

Press Release

PFC organises Covid-19 vaccination camp, 556 people vaccinated

State-owned non-banking financial firm, Power Finance Corporation (PFC) organised Covid-19 vaccination camps for employees and dependent family members of PFC and PFCCL (between 18 to 44 years) , employees of Ministry of Power (MoP) and other CPSUs working under the administrative control of the

Ministry of Power. A total of 556 individuals were inoculated during the vaccination drive with an objective to cover all eligible employees and their dependents for protection against Covid-19. The vaccination drive was organised on 6thand 10th May, 2021 in association with Apollo Hospital for the eligible individuals between the age group of 18-44 years at PFC Office, New Delhi. The first dose of vaccination (Covishield) was administered to the recipients. All the safety protocols for Covid-19 were followed during the vaccination camp. The vaccination camp was organised in line with the direction of Ministry of Power, Government of India. The vaccination drive was another step taken by PFC to break the chain of the virus. EM

HPL Electric & Power Ltd., bags orders worth over Rs 372 Cr for Consumer Electrical Products

HPL Electric & Power Ltd. has bagged two orders worth over Rs 372 Cr for its switchgear, wires and other related accessories for housing projects in the state of Andhra Pradesh. These prestigious orders were bagged amidst stiff competition from various players. This is a big step by the company to increase its presence in the low cost affordable housing segment. The current total order book of the company now stands at Rs. 700 Cr. Commenting on winning the orders Mr. Gautam Seth, Joint Managing Director, HPL Electric & Power, said, “This is a big win for us and enhances our position as one of the leading electrical equipment manufacturer in the country. We have a diversified portfolio of electrical equipments to cater to various needs of the market. Our manufacturing facilities are state-of-the-art equipped to undertake larger production to meet the present and emerging needs of the country. We also have a strong R&D base with focus on developing technological advancement in electrical equipment solution for various categories and requirements.

The Government of India and the various State governments are working towards creating low cost housing solutions to enhance the various standards of living for the citizens especially the economically weaker segment. This push towards creation of housing infrastructure will give a big boost to all sectors including electrical equipment industry in long term. With the rise in demand for electrical equipments to be made available to the housing sector, there is a huge market in the country to be tapped. HPL has been a major supplier of electrical equipments to the government infrastructure and private housing sector. Mr. Gautam Seth, Joint MD, HPL Electric & Power added, “There is an immense housing opportunity and HPL’s product ranges are well suited to reach the end consumer’s home. We are confident that we would further improve our business growth in the coming months and are pleased to have bagged this order especially during these covid-19 times. Since the last few quarters, post the first lockdown, there has been a pickup on the consumer and trade business.” EM

Electric vehicles force carmakers to reinvent the wheel, and brakes, and mirrors Taking a cue from its Swedish colleagues at Volvo and the pragmatic views of automotive product planners worldwide, General Motors roiled the international automobile industry last week by proclaiming that all its cars will go pure electric by 2035. The pronouncement is likely to apply more pressure on more automakers, both in the United States and abroad, to beef up their electric efforts, and on the fossil fuel industry to find alternatives to its oil and gasoline products. 10

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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The ripples also reach the parts-makers, designers and garages that must adjust to the coming electric future, all the way down to the tires. The popular script on electric vehicles maintains that they cost more, pollute less and run so quiet that they must have speakers to signal their approach. But compared with gasoline or diesel-powered cars and trucks, electric vehicles also require special or seriously modified components, and out-of-the-ordinary mechanical and physical attention. EM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

SIGNAL TRANSMITTERS

An ISO 9001:2015 Company

TRANSMITTERS WITH DISPLAY & ALARM OUTPUTS / INDUSTRIAL PROCESS TRANSMITTER TYPES OF TRANSMITTERS

FEATURES — Accuracy : ± 0.1% R.O.for DC Isolating, Current Loop Supply, Frequency to DC Isolating, Potentiometer, Level, Position Transmitter & ±0.2% R.O. for RTD Thermocouple Transmitters. — Aux. Power : AC 85 ~ 265V or DC 85 ~ 300V — Input / Output User Selectable — PC Plastic, Din Rail or Wall Mounting. — High Dielectric Strength (AC 2kV, between Input/Output/Power) — Surge Protection

— DC Isolating Transmitter — Current Loop Supply Isolating Transmitter — Thermocouple / RTD Isolating Transmitter — Frequency To DC Isolating Transmitter — Potentiometer / Level / Position Transmitter — Transmitters With Display & Alarm Outputs

SINGLE FUNCTION & MULTIFUNCTION POWER TRANSDUCER WITH ANALOG OUTPUT TRANSDUCERS FEATURES

Accuracy 0.2% & 0.5% R.O. Accurate monitoring of parameters Remote monitoring & automation. Suitable for sinusoidal & True RMS inputs. High Dielectric strength 2.6KV AC/Min, between Input/Output/Power Case — Auxillary Supply : AC / DC / Self powered.

— — — — —

— Suitable for single phase as well as 3 phase balanced or unbalanced load. — Precision measurement even for distored wave. — High impulse & 6KV surge protection. — ABS Plastic case, DIN RAIL & wall mounting.

MODEL - TRMT Multifunction Transducer for SCADA Systems

Single Function Transducer

TYPES OF POWER TRANSDUCERS

— Multifunction Power Transducer — AC Voltage Transducer — Watthour or Varhour Transducer — Watt/Watthour or Var/Varhour

— AC Current Transducer — Watt or VAR Transducer — Watt / VAR Transducer — Power Factor Transducer — Power Frequency Transducer

AC CURRENT ISOLATED SENSOR TWO-WIRE / FOUR-WIRE TRANSDUCER FEATURES

MODEL - TSCT/TFCT(AVG./TRMS)

— Input : 0 to 400A AC — Output : DC 4~20mA 2 wire/4wire ; DC 5~40V 2 wire — Accuracy : ± 0.5% R.O. — Frequency : 10 ~ 400Hz

— Load : 760 W (supply DC 24V) — Dielectric Strength :2.6kV/min (1.2 / 50ms) (Input/Output/Case) — Transient Protection : 6KV — Response Time : £ 250ms

— Zero & span Adjustment : ± 5% — Repeatability : £ 0.1% — Housing : ABS plastic, Ul94 Class V-0 — Dimension : 38(L) x 63(W) x 74(H) x 33(f) mm

TO VIEW THE FULL RANGE OF OUR PRODUCTS VISIT : www.kusamelectrical.com

Shop No.18, 1st Floor, CIDCO Shopping Complex, Plot # 9, Sector-7, Rajiv Gandhi Marg, Sanpada, Navi Mumbai-705. Tel : (022) 24156638, 27754546, 27750662, 27750292, 24181649, 24124540 E-mail : sales@kusam-meco.co.in

Ÿ QUALITY ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Ÿ PRECISION

Ÿ ACCURACY || June 2021 ||

Ÿ RELIABILITY ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Press Release

TP Central Odisha Distribution Ltd. celebrates 1st anniversary of its successful operations in Odisha

PRESS RELEASE

Successfully overcame the challenges posed by the cyclone YAAS recently

Tata Power’s TP Central Odisha Distribution Ltd. (TPCODL) today celebrated the completion of the first year of its successful operations in Odisha. Since its acquisition a year ago, TPCODL has consistently presented sustainable, affordable and innovative energy solutions to its customers in Odisha. As India’s largest private sector power distribution company, Tata Power currently caters to a customer base of 2.6 million in five circles of Central Odisha and has a total customer base of 9 million across the entire state. Since its takeover, TPCODL has also replaced 2.6 lakh defective meters. The company focused on preventive & predictive maintenance activities and improved reliability of power supply. During this period, the company undertook several customercentric initiatives such as the setting up of five customer care centers, including two All-Women Customer Care Centre at Cuttack and Puri. Besides this, it also introduced a new bill format for customers, offered cashbacks, allowed paying the bill via e-wallets like Amazon Pay, Paytm or PhonePe and launched the “Pay & Win” contest for customers using other digital payment methods to pay their monthly power bills with zero arrears. These initiatives not only increased the online collection of the bills by 103 % but also indicated a high success rate in resolving customer complaints in the first attempt. On the one-year milestone, Mr Sanjay Banga, President – T&D, Tata Power, said, “We are extremely thrilled to celebrate our maiden year of the Odisha Distribution. Given Tata Power’s track record of success and its expertise in the distribution business, we will continue to stay committed to providing reliable, affordable and quality power supply along with a superior customer service in Odisha.” Quick restoration of power supply post the recent cyclone ‘YAAS’ which left a trail of devastation in its wake in the country's eastern coast, bringing heavy rains, damaging houses, destroying farmlands and disrupting the electrical network was the testament of TPCODLs commitment of superior customer service. With the continuous monitoring, systematic patrolling of feeders and clearing of network lines, TPCODL was able to restore 70% of the power supply within 8 hours of landfall. TPCODL also ensured 100% power supply to the twin cities (Cuttack and Bhubaneswar) with systematic maintenance of its network. This was possible due to TPCODLs meticulous and structured approach of Business Continuity & Disaster Management Plan which ensured placement of men, material & tools to tackles in the situation along with good communication & transportation system with defined roles and responsibilities for completion of restoration in the least possible time. The quick restoration was achieved with the guidance of honourable Chief Minister and the outstanding support provided by the entire government due to

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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their rich experience of handling such calamities which helped in overcoming many challenges. “We are glad to celebrate the first anniversary of TPCODL. Despite the challenges of the ongoing pandemic, we have managed to successfully implement various customer-centric initiatives along with the digital push, making it a very successful and fruitful year. On behalf of the entire TPCODL family, I would like to thank our customers for their co-operation and assure our continued support in the years ahead,” said Mr M. Shenbagam, Chief Executive Officer, TP Central Odisha Distribution Limited. Additionally, TPCODL also undertook various employee-centric initiatives which involved the direct employment of about 500 individuals and indirect employment of over 8,000 individuals through business associates. It also introduced ‘Gyankosh’, an e-Learning Platform for enhancing employee competency, introduced 10 lakh GPA insurance policy for all business associates as a part of social security, undertook proactive safety measures to ensure a safe workplace for employees during the COVID-19 pandemic, offered career growth opportunities to the erstwhile CESU employees through both Horizontal & Vertical movement, digitalized processes like network maintenance, procurement, material management, meter reading, billing including HR and other support . Besides, TPCODL team introduced technological innovations, including the introduction of Wide Parallel Beam (WPB) poles, which have a higher tensile strength and are low cost compared to the RS Joist pole along with it initiated the study to design a cyclone-resilient network. The company’s Sub-Transmission System Team scheduled grid audits to test all equipment at grid substations and assess their condition and plan for equipment replacement/ refurbishment in a phased manner, at all substations – colour coding, systematic sorting and cleanliness drives, initiated the preventive maintenance of 33/11kV structures and lines to enhance the network availability and improve reliability, re-conditioned in-house transformers and undertook theme-based training for over 500 Business Associates. TPCODL has also started GIS, SCADA and customer mapping and claims to make all four discoms Smart Grid-compliant in the next three years. The company also built a healthy network for the High Transmission (HT) and Low Transmission (LT) lines by starting a monthly review of top 10 tripping feeders and are taking appropriate measures to prevent this in the future. The acquisition of management of CESU in June’20 followed by WESCO (2 million customers) & SOUTHCO (2.3 million customers) in Jan’21 and NESCO (2 million customers) in Feb’21, has marked a new milestone for Tata Power. The company’s focus now lies in managing the entire power distribution business of the State with a consumer base of 90 lakh. EM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Testing capacity enhancement for Power Transformer at Manufacturer’s works Electrical Research & Development Association (ERDA) is a Not for Profit premiere testing laboratory providing testing solutions to the Indian Electrical Industry and Utilities. ERDA was established with the financial support of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Government of India and the state Government of Gujarat. ERDA constantly strives to improve quality and reliability of equipment, materials and services for electrical industries, utilities and users of electricity. One of the biggest challenges faced by the Power Transmission companies (TRANSCOs) is the continuity and reliability of power supply. Transformers being the most important and critical component of T&D system, contribute significantly by playing the key role in the performance of grid. Hence, Transformers connected in Transmission and distribution system must have reliable and satisfactory operations. Operating temperature, losses or temperature rise of the transformers have a direct bearing of its life. Therefore, it is essential that transformers must be tested extensively before being put to service in the grid. Failure of a power transformer during operation or inefficient operation of the transformer will cause black out. Also the utility will have to incur the cost of replacing/repairing the transformer to provide services to its customer. Therefore, it is advisable to get power transformers tested by an NABL approved independent third party test agency. ERDA is NABL accredited to perform testing of power transformers at manufacturer locations by using dedicated test set ups. ERDA uses calibrated instruments for measurement at the manufacturer’s location. With the growing demand of the Utilities, ERDA has commenced providing onsite testing services for the Transformers. The major clientele includes MSETCL, UPPTCL, OPTCL, CSPTCL, AP Transco, MPPKVVCL, GETCO, UGVCL etc. The biggest leap with the new portable loss measurement system of ERDA is of stepping up our existing on-site testing scope from 100 MVA (220 kV) class to 500 MVA (400 kV) class. Details about maximum range of transformers that can be tested with this setup is mentioned below. Maximum Rating (MVA)

LV or tertiary winding

No-Load Loss

Load Loss

Temperature rise test

315 (400 kV class) – 3 Ø

Up to 66 kV

√

500 (400 kV class) – 3 Ø

Up to 66 kV

√

500 (765 kV class) – 1 Ø

Up to 66 kV

√

ERDA’s Portable Loss Measurement system

ERDA’s portable loss measurement system is an advanced measuring system that uses passive two stage compensated technology. The ||www.electricalmirror.net||

main advantage of a two stage compensated technology is that the effective burden is zero when feeding into another compensated CT. As a result the errors of the CT are effectively reduced to zero in both magnitude and phase. For voltage measurement three shielded gas filled (SF6) high voltage standard capacitors and three model voltage dividers are used for measuring the phase to ground voltage in each phase. It also uses two staged compensated current comparator to correct for both magnitude and phase errors with the divider. Following tests are possible to conduct at manufacturer works; Up to 500 MVA, 400 kV/66 kV Class, 3- Phase Power Transformers; - Measurement of Winding Resistance - Measurement of Turns Ration - Measurement of No Load Losses - Measurement of Load Losses and percentage impedance - Temperature rise test - Measurement of Zero-Sequence Impedance - Magnetic balance test - Induce Over Voltage Withstand Test - Separate Source Withstand voltage test

Up to 500 MVA, 765 kV/66 kV Class, Single - Phase Power Transformers; - - - - - - - - -

Measurement of Winding Resistance Measurement of Turns Ration Measurement of No Load Losses Measurement of Load Losses and percentage impedance Temperature rise test Measurement of Zero-Sequence Impedance Magnetic balance test Induce Over Voltage Withstand Test Separate Source Withstand voltage test EM || June 2021 ||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Press Release

PRESS RELEASE

Havells Q4 FY21 Results

Havells India Limited, a leading Fast Moving Electrical Goods (FMEG) Company, today announced its financial results for the fourth quarter and year ended March 31, 2021. Commenting on the financial performance Mr. Anil Rai Gupta, Chairman and Managing Director, Havells India Limited, said, “Q4 sustained the growth momentum gained in Q3 with the highest quarterly sales. The tumultuous year has ended with a reasonable growth in revenues and profitability, underpinning Havells resilience amidst uncertainty. However, the second wave has been ferocious and disruptive impacting business since second half of April. We prioritize health and safety of our employees, dealers and vendors.” The Board of Directors of the Company has approved Final Dividend of Rs. 3.50 per equity share, making a total dividend of Rs. 6.50 per equity share for the financial year 2020-21, including interim dividend of Rs. 3.00 per equity share declared earlier during the financial year 2020-21. Q4 FY21 vs. Q4 FY20 (Standalone basis) • Net Revenue for Q4 FY21 was INR 3,331 crores as against INR 2,217 crores in the corresponding quarter previous year. • EBIDTA for Q4 FY21 was INR 506 crores as against INR 245 crores in the corresponding quarter previous year. • Profit Before Tax for Q4 FY21 was INR 454 crores as against INR 198 crores in the corresponding quarter

previous year. • Net Profit for Q4 FY21 was INR 302 crores as against INR 177 crores in the corresponding quarter previous year.

Business Segments (Q4 FY21 vs. Q4 FY20) (Standalone basis)

• Switchgears business reported revenue of INR 463 crores in Q4 FY21 as against INR 303 crores in the corresponding quarter previous year. • Cable business reported revenue of INR 1,029 crores in Q4 FY21 as against INR 682 crores in the corresponding quarter previous year. • Lighting and Fixtures business reported revenue of INR 329 crores in Q4 FY21 as against INR 234 crores in the corresponding quarter previous year. • Electrical Consumer Durables business reported revenue of INR 712 crores in Q4 FY21 as against INR 418 crores in the corresponding quarter previous year. • Lloyd Consumer business reported revenue of INR 591 crores in Q4 FY21 as compared to INR 458 crores in the corresponding quarter previous year. • Other business reported revenue of INR 207 crores in Q4 FY21 as compared to INR 121 crores in the corresponding quarter previous year. EM

Uncovering the value of co-creation, collaborative product design and box-build integration to increase ROI for EMS partners In a world of increasingly complex problems, collaboration is the king. The impetus to work together to create innovative ideas is the most existing part of improving the systems and services. Most technology solutions are getting generated by the three areas of focus such as design, build, and innovation. The most important aspect for designing a product involves product conception and incubation. This process could be a costly affair, challenging, and maybe time-consuming, but it is important to streamline the design before taking the product to the end customer. Syrma contributes 40 years of design and manufacturing expertise spanning multiple diverse markets, and look forward to deliver world-class products for OEMs across the globe. It also helps customers transform their original concepts into winning leading-edge products. Syrma’s concept of co-creation starts right from understanding requirements, developing specifications, gathering market data, analyzing costs & BOM to optimize, and then builds the prototype. This approach successfully reduces risk and paves way for the successful launch of design and ideas

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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fast-to-market, and adds compliment to the product design by leveraging economies of scale. Further to the above context, we would like to explore your interest in interacting with Dr. Sreeram Srinivasan, CEO, Syrma Technology. He would be able to provide you more information on: • The importance of co-creation in attaining highest product efficiency. • Leveraging multiple board designs to minimize cost • Recent interesting projects undertaken in the healthcare/ consumer electronics/ IT hardware / IoT – Smart Products / Power Electronics/ Solar & Green Energy / RFID Solutions etc., • Significance of well-built circuit boards in ensuring the quality and safety of the product • How does the entire process of conducting design feasibility study, New Product Introduction (NPI) to custom-tailored repair services help Syrma attract new clients? EM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

SRAM & MRAM join hands with ATD Group to set-up Oxygen Concentrators, Oximeter, and Oxygen Generator Plant in India

200 members from the team of SRAM MRAM are working around the clock towards procuring oxygen concentrator to India.So far, 200 unitsof oxygen concentrator, oximeter and 10,000 units of oximeter have been airlifted from Malaysia. "We are happy to be associated with ATD Group for setting up new oxygen concentrator,Oximeter, Oxygen Generator Plant plant in Rajasthan (India). We have been pushing our teams to actively work around the clock.It’s my earnest endeavour to provide best help to people of India, who with more oxygen concentrators and generators in the coming months to fight the dreadful effects of pandemic," Dr. Sailesh Lachu Hiranandani, Chairman, SRAM & MRAM Group commented. Almost every employee of SRAM & MRAM is gearing up for helping India fight the disastrous pandemic. EM

Petrol now costs almost twice as much in Mumbai than New York

Gasoline prices in India’s financial capital of Mumbai have risen past the Rs 100-a-litre mark for the first time ever, among the costliest in the country and almost twice the price in New York. Retail prices in the city are up 11% this year and reached Rs 100.72 ($1.39) a litre on Tuesday, Indian Oil Corp data show. The equivalent price in the US financial center is $0.79, according to Bloomberg calculations based on figures from the ||www.electricalmirror.net||

New York State Energy Research and Development Authority. Indian fuel prices have soared in the past year as Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s administration has repeatedly raised sales taxes to cushion worsening public finances. Levies now make up around 60% of the retail price and taxes on gasoline and diesel have surged nearly six-fold since 2013. The steep increase in taxes on the two fuels, which account for more than half of India’s oil consumption, comes as the Covid-19 pandemic pummels demand in the world’s third-biggest crude importer. Sales of the two fuels in May are about a third lower than pre-virus levels in 2019 as large parts of the nation remained under local lockdowns to battle the world’s worst coronavirus wave. “I pray for the prices to soften or the government to reduce the taxes,” said N Vijayagopal, finance director at Bharat Petroleum Corp, one of India’s three-biggest fuel retailers. Unless that happens, “we have no choice but to increase the retail selling prices,” he said. EM || June 2021 ||

PRESS RELEASE

SRAM & MRAM, a UK based conglomerate through its Indian partner ATD GROUP has signed an agreement with Rajasthan State Government to install 60 Oxygen Generator Plant in the next 2 months to fight Covid 19 pandemic SRAM & MRAM Group along with ATD GROUPis working towards expandingin Healthcare products supply like Oxygen Concentrators, Oximeter, Oxygen Generator Plant and many other items manufactured and supply globally by SRAM & MRAM. Both the groups are ready to support Shri Ashok Gehlot, Chief Minister, Rajasthanto complete the installation of Oxy Generator Plants in their respective states so that they could help India fight avoid any scarcity of oxygen in future expected waves to come.

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Press Release

PRESS RELEASE

NTPC extends support to protect the society at large from the spread of Coronavirus

NTPC, the largest energy conglomerate of the country has not only ensured uninterrupted power supply to the country during the second wave of COVID-19 but also has reached out to the society and has made significant effort to combat the spread of COVID-19 by enhancing medical infrastructure in different parts of the country. While there was acute shortage of Oxygen beds across the country, NTPC came forward and developed more than 600 Oxygen beds and 1200 isolation beds in its different projects and surroundings on war footing basis in a span of one week which proved to be life saviour for many including the general public. NTPC has been working in close coordination with the state and district administration and has augmented medical infrastructure even at remote locations. Amidst the surge in COVID-19 cases specially in Delhi and NCR, NTPC stepped up its efforts and created 200 oxygen supported beds and 140 isolation beds in NCR alone which came as a big relief to Covid patients. This infrastructure in NCR which has been set up at Dadri, Noida and Badarur has the facility of Oxygen support, COVID testing, invasive and non-invasive ventilators besides 24X7 nursing and medical care. This has been created at a cost of Rs 30 Crores. NTPC has engaged more than 40 doctors, hundreds of paramedical and supporting staff and 07 round the clock Oxygen supported Ambulances to manage this facility. A 500 bedded hospital at a cost of Rs 400 Crores, with state of the art facility constructed by NTPC in Sundragarh, Odisha in a record time has been converted into a COVID hospital during the pandemic which is catering to lakhs of people of that area. Apart from providing various medical equipment, NTPC has augmented the facility by providing 20 ventilators which helped in treating numerous critical patients. Further, considering the demand of critical care, NTPC is providing additional 40 ventilators to this hospital. NTPC Darlipali is also providing assistance for setting up 30 ICU beds in Jharsuguda. NTPC has created 250 Oxygen supported beds, 20 HDUs and 10

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ICUs in District hospital of Khargone, Madhya Pradesh at a cost of Rs 2.24 Crore. This facility at remote location has come as a boon to the public at large, saving lives of many during the unprecedented COVID-19. At Jharkhand, NTPC, Northkaranpura has provided financial assistance of 53 Lakhs to set up 15 ICU beds along with Oxygen supply system at Community Health Centre, Tandwa, Dist Chatra, Jharkhand. Apart from that, Pakri Barwadhi, a mining project of NTPC at Hazaribagh, Jharkhand has made centralised medical Gas pipeline system at RIMS, Ranchi and ITKETI, Ranchi and Hazaribagh Medical College at a cost of Rs 1 Crore which is supplying Oxygen to more than 1000 beds. Many projects of NTPC are located in remote parts of the country and they have contributed in big way in developing and augmenting medical infrastructure in their vicinity. During the ongoing crisis, various NTPC projects has provided more than 2000 Industrial cylinders to district administrations which are being converted and used as Medical Oxygen cylinders. Sensing the expected rise in demand for oxygen, which is the only lifesaving Gas for COVID patients, NTPC is playing a major role in creating infrastructure of Oxygen generation across the country by setting up more than 2 dozens of Oxygen Generation plants with some of them having the facility of bottling and refilling Oxygen cylinders. Out of these, 09 PSA type plants and 02 bottling plants are being set up in NCR only which will start operating from this month itself in phased wise manner. A 600 LPM PSA type Oxygen plant is being set up at CHC, Chhabra, Dist Baran, Rajasthan at a cost of nearly

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its operations which include employees, their dependents and community people as well. Mass vaccination camps have been organised at various locations. Further, NTPC is not only targeting to vaccinate 100% of its employees, family members and associates but also has the plan to vaccinate people living in the surrounding. NTPC Darlipali is procuring 10,000 vaccines for people of its surroundings. NTPC believes in philosophy of people beyond profit and has a deep sense of giving back to the society. The best efforts of NTPC has brought silver lining in fighting COVID 19 and helping the society at large to get over the crisis. The medical as well as Oxygen infrastructure being created by NTPC is not only helping during the ongoing pandemic but also it will go a long way in coping up with such crisis in future also. NTPC as an organisation stands together with the society during the crisis and committed to its corporate responsibility, as always it has been. EM

Gulf Oil Lubricants India moves into EV charging space Indra Renewable is a UK-based electric vehicle (EV) and smart energy technology company developing charging and energy storage solutions for home and commercial use. With this investment, Gulf India will get access to an established technology in EV charging space to adopt the same for Indian conditions and leverage its wide distribution and brand strengths to extend Gulf Branded residential and commercial charging points as per the evolving needs of Indian consumers. Gulf India will become a shareholder with Government of India and CGF in Indra, alongside OVO Group, which has provided seed capital and technical support to Indra via Gulf Oil Lubricants India Ltd (GOLIL), part of the Hinduja Kaluza, its technology business. The charging station market, Group, has entered into an agreement with Gulf Oil as per estimates, is expected to have a good potential in International (GOI) to participate and co-invest in Government coming years, wherein around 50-60 per cent is expected of India's recent investment along with the Clean Growth to be in residential charging solutions which is where Indra is positioned to play. EM Fund (CGF) in Indra Renewable Technologies. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

PRESS RELEASE

one Crore for which purchase order has already been placed. The other projects of NTPC which are setting up Oxygen plants in their respective district or locality are Rihand, Unchahar in UP, Vinchyachal, Gadarwara, Khargone in MP and Darlipali in Odisha. A total of more than Rs 12 Crore is being spent by NTPC in setting up these Oxygen Generation plants. NTPC has not only been providing essential medicines of COVID to the people of its surrounding but also has been providing medical facilities to them. NTPC Vindhyachal alone has treated more than 250 people infected with COVID of their vicinity along with providing treatment to its own workforce. Besides augmenting and strengthening the medical infrastructure across its operations, NTPC has also undertaken massive awareness drive to raise awareness among the communities on the second wave of Covid-19. An initiative of mass campaign for COVID in Collaboration with SP, Singrauli has been undertaken with two dedicated Ambulances with the facility of Audio Visuals by NTPC Vindhyachal which has touched more than 5 lakhs beneficiaries in 300 villages. In addition all NTPC stations have lend their hands in mass distribution of PPE Kits, masks, sanitisers, dry ration and other necessary items for community welfare. Also, NTPC projects in association with its CISF Fire wing are taking up mass sanitization programme in more than hundreds of villages and towns. The ladies’ clubs of NTPC and NTPC employees NGO has also come forward and extended a helping hand to the society during the crisis. NTPC has done its best to inoculate its employees, their dependents and other stakeholders across all NTPC plants. Till date, NTPC has vaccinated more than 70,000 people across

News

News of the month

ABB to electrify vehicle fleet, source 100 pc renewable electricity by 2030

Engineering major ABB said it has strengthened its commitment to reduce carbon emissions. On its way to reaching its ambitious

Zomato to transition its entire fleet to electric vehicles by 2030 Food delivery platform Zomato said it will join EV100, a global initiative of companies committed to switching their fleets to electric vehicles by 2030. In a blog post, Deepinder Goyal, cofounder and CEO of the company, said Zomato is already delivering via EVs in cities such as Delhi, Bangalore, and Mumbai and is committed to a full transition by 2030. “The current EV fleet is a small fraction of the active fleet of delivery partners, and we understand that getting to 100% adoption of EVs will not be easy, but is essential in the long run,” Goyal said. “At the moment, the adoption rate is very low for us and for the two-wheeler industry in general. We believe key barriers that currently impact adoptions include

limited battery range, lack of charging infrastructure, higher upfront costs and lack of trust in new technology.” EM

Adani Power, Torrent Power, Tata Power, NTPC jump on hopes of demand growth

Shares of power companies Adani Power, Torrent Power, Tata Power and NTPC rose on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) on 18

science-based targets, the company commits to electrifying its vehicle fleet by 2030, sourcing 100 percent renewable electricity by 2030 and establishing energy efficiency targets, including the systematic use of energy management systems, it said in a statement. As part of its new Sustainability Strategy and its ambition to enable a low-carbon society, ABB has committed to partner with its customers and suppliers to reduce their emissions and achieve carbon neutrality in its own operations by 2030, it added. Ahead of the World Environment Day on June 5, ABB announced that it has joined three initiatives led by the international non-profit Climate Group in line with its action plan to reduce its own emissions. EM

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Monday. While there are no new policies on the anvil in near future, experts said expectations of growth in power demand after several states began unlocking is a plausible reason. Adani Power stock rose 20%, Torrent Power 7%, CESC 6.3% and Tata Power 5% at close on Monday. Shares of state-run Power Grid Corp increased 4.44%, and BHEL and NTPC by 4% each. ABB stock increased 2% and NHPC 1%. “Power demand is increasing and due to lockdown relaxations in many states, discom collections are expected to increase,” a government official said adding the Rs 3 lakh crore distribution sector scheme announced in Budget is in works. EM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

An ISO 9001 : 2015 Company

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Cover Story

India's overall market for switchgear industry is anticipated to grow

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Electrical switchgear is mainly defines the term which includes all the switching devices associated with mainly power system protection also including all devices associated with control metering and regulating of electrical power system. Switchgear is playing an important role in a power system as it is directly linked to the reliability of electrical supply. Be careful that there isn’t any kind of malfunction in switchgear, because such things can cause problems to the system. A combination of water, dust, high humidity and vibrations can cause damage to switchgear. Nowadays there islittle advancement made in various technologies. Let us have a look on latest advancements made in electrical switchgear. The recent installed capacity of Indian power sector is said to be 2,02,980 MW and by the year 2022 its proposed to add 200,000 MW more. Now the length of transmission is about 3,00,000 arc it kms with 4,25,000 MVA of transformation capacity and by the year 2022it will be added to 2,50,000 circuit kms with 6,00,000MVA of transformation lines. In our country, there is also a progress in construction work on 800 KV and DC lines.

Latest trends in Global LV and MV switchgear market

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A good growth is demonstrated to be in the coming years in Switchgear market of Global LV(low voltage) andMV(Medium voltage). Now let us have a look at the trends that will shape the dynamics of the global LV and MV switchgear market in the coming years. i) The construction and industrial sector will be expanded to drive the market: distribution in the power, real estate, industrial infrastructure, construction and utilities sector is fueling the demand for LV and MV switchgears and safety measures in electrical transmission will be taken at rising demand. ii) Benefitting the market, advent of smart grid technology will be taken: the advent of smart grid technology along with the accelerating trend of electrification in developing countries is expected to drive the global LV and MV switchgear || June 2021 || ELECTRICAL MIR ROR market.

Control Panels & Switch g ear

Cover Story

iii) Rising demand in renewable energy sector will be benefitting the players: the rising demand for integration of renewable energy sources in the power sector will continue to drive the demand for switchgears to ensure safety and protection of electric transmission and distribution networks. iv) Providing good opportunities for companies by untapped emerging markets: The investing players are increasing in the global LV and MV in switchgear market in Asia pacific and Africa due to the escalating electrification in rural and urban areas in these regions. v) For suppression of the market, rise in price based competition: As a result of price based competition, there has been a negative impact by expansion of switchgear vendors.This trend also suppressesthe global LV and MV switchgear market till 2020. vi) Components to pose a threat to the market along with the counterfeit products: through the rising number of counterfeit switchgear products, the global LV and MV switchgear market will be suppressed.

Market Overview to 2023

India Switchgear market is expected to grow with a CAGR of more than 7% in the forecasted period of next 5 years from FY 2017-18 to FY 2022-23. India overall market for Switchgear Industry is anticipated to grow more than 7% at the end of forecast period. Low Voltage Switchgear will be in dominance for the forecast period in switchgear Industry. In specific Medium and High Voltage switchgear market, Medium Voltage Custom Built products are in the dominance and are anticipated to be in dominance for the forecast period. Region-wise, North and South contribute more than 60% in the total market in the year 2016-17. LV switchgear has grown with less than 5% of CAGR in volume terms during review period. Besides, MV and HV switchgear is anticipated to have CAGR of more than 8% from 2017-18 to 2022-23. Low Voltage Switchgear market is dominating in India from more than last 5 years and it will continue to dominate. Low Voltage Switchgear market is formed by commercial, residential buildings, real estate industry, and construction sector. Medium and High Voltage Switchgear is expected to have stagnant growth during the forecast period 2023. In India by region, North and South region combine covers more than 55% market share of India Switchgear Market. Equipment in automotive industries where control panels are situated are of high frequencies which when interfere with other electrical components cause malfunction. Generally, devices like controllers, communication devices and digital measuring devices when exposed to electromagnetic interference fail to

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provide effective output & pose threats of electric shocks during fault conditions. During fault condition, high current flows through the system and there is a possibility that current does not flow through its intended path instead flows through metallic body of machines or panel. When a person comes in contact with such an electric circuit or source of electric energy, he/she is prone to an electric shock. An electric shock may result in either no injury at all or one which can prove to be fatal, causing death. Possibilities of shock increases if the electrical system is not well protected or insulated from its high voltage environment. In order to safeguard operating personnel and system from: • Electromagnetic interference due to high frequency components and • Electric shocks. • It is necessary to provide a path to divert the fault current, this calls for the arrangement of earthing systems.

What is Earthing?

As per IEEE 80-2000, a conducting connection, whether intentional or accidental, by which an electric circuit or equipment is connected to the earth or to some other conducting body of relatively large extent that serves in place of the earth is called Earthing. A safe grounding must fulfil the below mentioned objectives: To provide means of carrying electric currents to earth under normal and fault conditions without exceeding any operational limits or affecting service continuity. To assure that a person in vicinity of grounded facilities is not exposed to the danger of critical electric shock.

Earthing of Electrical Panels

When earthing an electrical panel, the following applies: Earthing a main panel: The ground bar is bonded internally which must be of proper dimensions as per IS or NEC norms and to be earthed at two ends. Earthing a sub-panel: Sub-panels are grounded through the cable that provides the secondary-feed circuit power. A secondary-feed cable will have two insulated power conductors, one insulated neutral conductor and one ground wire. The ground wire is bonded at the main panel to the ground system. The secondary-feed wiring type and size will depend on the specific application and the applicable local building codes.

What should be measured at earthing point?

Earth Resistance: A very few standards mention the exact value of ground resistance, ideally the value must be zero ohms. Standards like IEEE recommend a ground value of less than 5.0 ohms. The earth resistance must be measured periodically to make ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Brugg Cables India Pvt. Ltd

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Control Panels & Switch g ear

Cover Story

certain that our system is grounded properly and ensures human safety during faults, because if ground resistance is high fault currents will flow through human body when in vicinity. Earth Voltage: It is recommended that the earth must be at zero potential. But due to neutral connection, a small amount of earth to neutral voltage is present. It must not exceed more than 2V, where 5V is the upper limit leading to circulation of ground currents.

How will you test earth resistance?

There are different methods of testing earth resistance, some of the popular methods are: • Fall-of-Potential method • Dead earth method • Clamp-on test method. Advancements in the smart grid technologies& increasing focus towards energy efficient products Global Switchgear (SG) market is foreseen to grow over the years due to demand increase because of new consumption centers & development of various RE sources. GoI has been focusing on improvement in the SEBs & there has been a huge addition of infrastructure for rural electrification leading to the demand of more SG’s. Growth is expected to be good by 2020. Government is planning to reach the RE capacity of 175 GW by 2022. Indian industry is growing its ability to R&D new innovative products thereby contributing towards growth of global SG market to cross $ 140 bn by 2024. At different levels, there are government directives to replace older redundant systems to achieve operational safety & security in industrial establishments. With these developments on the consumption side, India is emerging as a significantmarket for SG within the global SG landscape. With global markets upward trend, India has grown drastically in recent years. Thanks to the robust investment happening in infrastructure, telecom & railways. This market is directly going to receive all the benefits. Additionally, as the technology is shifting from traditional breakers & starters to IoT enabled smart communication linked breakers & starters, the overall buying behavior & revenue is growing exceptionally. On the other front conservation of energy has become a key priority for all of us now. May be switchover to renewable sources or installation & monitoring through updated EMS & ABT Systems, power correction & power monitoring is being eyed very seriously by all the industries. Today’s industry demands smart power monitoring devices which can provide them end-to-end data for their premises which in-turn has raised the bar of all such vendors in this industry who have now shifted from being only component provider to a complete service provider. Ideal shift towards the conservation of energy

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is a much welcome trend to reduce overall carbon footprint of various industrial & other power consumption activities across apps. Such step fuels the growth of the SG industry in India & will impact the global market as well. Advancements in the smart grid technologies& increasing focus towards energy efficient products is giving rise to more intelligent devices & innovative solutions from SG manufacturers. Now, the load characteristics are changing, for e.g., use of LED lamps & higher efficiency motors which calls for SGs to evolve in-line with these changes. Further fueling SG demand by way of replacement of old energy devices &equipments & the associated SG along-with it. SG industry in India is well established & growing steadily. SG accounts for > 18% weight age (LV 12.8%, MV&HV 5.3%) in the overall electrical equipment industry in the country according to the IEEMA. It is the 2ndbiggest, next only to cables (41%). Growth in the MV&HV SG segment witnessed a declining trend on a quarteron-quarter basis. This was mainly owing to the slowdown in the MV segment, which recorded a negative growth rate. The increase in the LV segment was mainly due to the growth in LV circuit breakers & switch fuse & fuse switch units. Other major products in the segment such as power contactors, power switches & overload relays showed negative growth. MV circuit breakers witnessed a marginal growth, while the production of HV circuit breakers declined. Meanwhile, the volume of isolating switches (MV&HV segment) grew.

Latest trends

IoT enabled devices, which are communication & data logging compatible are the ones which this industry wants & would accept in future. Though communication at MV & HT level is already available with most of the utilities, industry now needs communication at final distribution level for proper monitors and energy saving. Also, as more smart homes are coming into picture, we can find much more emphasis on high-end tech-savvy electrical installations at all levels. Clearly, there is a trend towards energy efficiency for the last-line equipments &even in SG devices. We also see a shift in preference towards more communication capable devices & remote monitoring & control across LV & MV SGs. Legrand offers a wide range of communication capable & remote monitoring SG, which adhere to varying requirements. LVSG has dominated the overall SG market & reflects the highest growth due to the growth in the residential & commercial sector. Governments’ are proactively investing in the urbanization & rural development, renewal of existing T&Dn/ws, creating more opportunities for the LV&MV SG market. The power sector has witnessed significant growth in recent years. Generation capacity has increased by almost 50% over the past five years. T&D n/w has also expanded considerably during this period. This growth has led to an ||www.electricalmirror.net||

increase in demand for power system equipment, is including SG. According to the IEEMA, SG is the second biggest segment in the Indian electrical equipment industry. SG is a combination of devices that are used to monitor, regulate, control, protect & isolate electrical equipment throughout the grid. These devices include switches, fuses, circuit breakers & relays. Together, this equipment helps in regulating power supply across the system while protecting against overload & short circuits. SG is also used to de-energize the circuits for repair, maintenance & testing purposes. Based on the load bearing capacity, the market for SG in India is categorized into three segments LV, MV & HV. The LV SG segment includes SG rated up to 1 kV. Apart from power distribution utilities, it caters to end-user segments such as industries, residential & commercial buildings & agricultural consumers. This segment includes products such as ACBs, MCCBs, MPCBs, MCBs, residual current devices, switch fuse & fuse switch units, HRC fuses, thermal overload & protection relays, contactors, starters, distribution boards & switches.MV SG segment consists of SG rated up to 33 kV. MV SG is of either indoor or outdoor type. While the indoor ones are always enclosed in a metal body, the outdoor type may or may not be enclosed. MV &SG mostly uses oil, gas or vacuum as the interruption medium. HV SG segment includes devices rated at 66 kV & above. Main component of HV SG is the circuit breaker. Most commonly used types of SG at the high voltage level include air-insulated SG, GIS & hybrid SG. MV&HV SG is often categorized as one owing to its usage & applications, which is mainly in power systems. State power utilities & independent power producers are the key consumer segments of MV&HV SG. Both imports & exports form a significant part of the SG industry in India. Major sources of SG imports for India are China & Korea, while the major importers of Indian SG products are the US, the Middle East & South Asian countries. As per the IEEMA, the exports of LV SG products increased by about 5.6% in 2015-16 over 2014-15 to stand at ` 57.8bn. Imports (including custom-built products) grew at a faster rate of 8.1% to stand at about ` 78.2 bn. In 2016-17 (Apr’-Dec’16), the trend has continued with the growth rates of imports & exports estimated to be 10% & 8% respectively. In the MV&HV segment, exports (`18.7bn) were higher than imports (` 14 bn) in 2015-16. In 2016-17 (Apr-Dec 2016), the imports of MV&HV products are estimated to have gone up by over 70%, while exports have increased by only 4%. Studies indicated that the impact of imports is not too high in the LV segment, for the HV segment, large-scale imports have led to the underutilization of capacity, especially in the HV GIS segment. Overall, imports continue to impede growth in the SG market. SG industry continues to innovate & upgrade its products to meet the evolving/future ||www.electricalmirror.net||

needs of its customers.

INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

Switchgear and control panels are integral at every switching point in power systems. The switchgear industry in India manufactures the entire range of circuit breakers from bulk oil, minimum oil, air blast, vacuum to sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) as per standard specifications. This sector manufactures the entire voltage range from 240kV to 800kV. Secondary equipment such as relays or control gears used for various types of fault protection, have made significant advances due to the developments in the field of electronics. Digital relays are fast replacing conventional relays due to technology advancement, compact size & reliability. As per recent trends, in addition to protection and control of power, monitoring and signaling have become an integral part of switchgears. With monitoring, the fault conditions can be predicted whereas signaling helps one to know the status of switch gears at various locations. Production figures for the latest available three years are tabulated. These figures, sourced from Secretariat for Industrial Assistance (SIA), relate to non-SSI units.

KEY INDUSTRY TRENDS

Current trends indicate a demand for compact, small, low-weight equipment with high quality, high reliability, low maintenance and easy accessibility. There has been a noticeable shift towards upgraded technology amongst major industry players of today. Indian manufacturers are becomingly increasingly competitive with respect to their product designs, manufacturing and testing facilities. Investments in R&D in the electrical machinery industry are amongst the largest in India's corporate sector. Manufacturers today, such as us at Rajiv Group, understand the importance of a diversified product portfolio. The increasing competitiveness in the industry and constantly changing consumer demands have lead to new and upgraded versions of products being launched into the market. Many players are entering into strategic alliances and tie-ups with technology suppliers to upgrade capabilities.

TECHNOLOGY: TRADITIONALLY LOW-KEY

The switchgear industry has traditionally been low on technology, but with changing times automation has ushered in newer concepts such as soft starters, intelligent relays, compact intelligent switchgear and energy efficient switchgear. The primary technology factors are safety, efficiency optimization and reliability. Along with the changing times and technology, Rajiv Group too has evolved. It manufactures LT switchboards with capacities of 415V, 3-phase, 50Hz, 4-wire & 6300A. Additionally, Rajiv Group also manufactures control & relay panels, bus ducts, || June 2021 ||

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Control Panels & Switch g ear

Cover Story

DG panels and much more. Every modern industry needs reliable electrical systems to reduce production downtime as well as improve efficiency. Control panels manufactured by Rajiv Group company, Riddhi Enterprise, are made-to-order and designed in keeping with exacting needs of industries for maximum operational reliability and safety. These control panels are specially designed to incorporate the complete range of switchgear provided by Siemens, L&T, Schneider, GE, ABB, C&S and other reputed global brands. Furthermore, the control panels are designed in such a manner so as to meet diverse requirements under extreme site conditions.

GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES

The two major markets for switchgears are the government and the private sector. The growth drivers for LV switchgears are building segments, new industries and infrastructure development. For the MV segment, in addition to core sectors, the distribution sector including programmes like the Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY) and Restructured Accelerated Power Development & Reform Programme (RAPDRP) will drive growth. While for HV and extra-high voltage (EHV) segments, growth stems from power generation and transmission sectors. India is emerging as an important global supplier of goods and services. Prerequisites for this growth are continuous power supply and the availability of quality electric equipment. The increase in automation is the driving force of the switchgear market. The trend of end-user segments such as oil & gas, petrochemicals, etc. consuming more switchgear is a very positive factor. To sum it up, the future holds great promise for this industry. The current scenario where capacity building in industries is on an increase bodes well for the electrical industry. The construction of residential complexes, malls, IT parks, hospitals, stadiums, etc. has created an increase in demand for switchgear and control panels too. The XII Plan period (April 2012 to March 2017) is almost here and throws huge opportunities for growth with a foreseeable investment of approximately $300 billion, together with exports growth.

The Northern region accounted for the largest revenue share in the country during 2015-16 followed by the Western region. Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Haryana states dominated the market with around 53.82% market share in terms of power sector investments in 2016. During 2016-22, the Northern and Southern region are anticipated to witness highest growth rate. The report thoroughly covers the India Switchgear market by voltage, verticals and regions. The report provides an unbiased and detailed analysis of the on-going trends, opportunities/high growth areas, market drivers which would help the stakeholders to device and align their market strategies according to the current and future market dynamics. The Indian electrical equipment industry comprises of multinationals, and large, medium & small players. It can be broadly categorized into generation equipment such as boilers, turbines, generator sets; transmission equipment like transformers, distribution equipment such as switchgear & control panels, and others like electrical motors and wires & cables. According to the Indian Electrical & Electronics Manufacturers' Association (IEEMA), the Indian switchgear market was worth around Rs.9,000 crore as of 2010-11. The switchgear segment accounts for about 15 per cent of the total electrical equipment industry and estimates indicate that the industry grew by 21 per cent in terms of volume in 2010-11. On the other hand, a new report by the IEEMA has revealed that the growth of the Indian electrical equipment industry has sharply decelerated to 0.6 per cent in the third quarter of FY12, after growing at 13.8 per cent and 3.6 per cent in Q1 and Q2 respectively. Growth in the transformers, switchgear and rotating machines sectors in Q3 has turned negative, which implies distinct slowdown in industrial capex activities and slowdown in offtake by users due to credit squeeze, high interest costs, and the like. Imports continue to rise for 765kV transformers and reactors (mostly through project imports), insulators, LV switchgear and HV cables. EM

Conclusion

India switchgear market is projected to reach $3.7 Billion by 2022. According to NitiAyog, the government of India is planning to reach a renewable energy capacity of 175 GW by 2022. Growing transmission and distribution network and rural electrification program coupled with infrastructure development are the key factors driving the switchgear market in India. Government schemes and initiatives such as UDAY and DDUGJY are expected to further fuel the growth of switchgear market in the forecast period.

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Earthing

Special Theme

The purpose of earthing is to minimize risk of receiving an electric shock

Abstract: Environmental medicine generally addresses environmental factors with a negative impact on human health. However, emerging scientific research has revealed a surprisingly positive and overlooked environmental factor on health: direct physical contact with the vast supply of electrons on the surface of the Earth. Modern lifestyle separates humans from such contact. The research suggests that this disconnect may be a major contributor to physiological dysfunction and unwellness. Reconnection with the Earth's electrons has been found to promote intriguing physiological changes and subjective reports of well-being. Earthing (or grounding) refers to the discovery of benefits— including better sleep and reduced pain—from walking barefoot outside or sitting, working, or sleeping indoors connected to conductive systems that transfer the Earth's electrons from the ground into the body. This paper reviews the earthing research and the potential of earthing as a simple and easily accessed global modality of significant clinical importance. The purpose of earthing is to minimize risk of receiving an electric shock if touching metal parts when a fault is present. Generally green wire is used for this as a nomenclature. Under fault conditions the non-current carrying metal parts of an electrical installation such as frames, enclosures, supports, fencing etc. may attain high potential with respect to ground so that any person or stray animal touching these or approaching these will be subjected to potential difference which may result in the flow of a current through the body of the person or the animal of such a value as may prove fatal then they may get shocked. The earthing discharges the leakage current to the earth and hence avoid the personnel from the electric shock. It also protects the equipment from lightning strokes and provides the discharge path for the surge arrester, gap and other devices.

E arthing

Special Theme

To avoid this non-current carrying metal parts of the electrical system are connected to the general mass of earth by means of an earthing system comprising of earth conductors to conduct the fault currents safely to the ground. Earthing has been accomplished through bonding of a metallic system to earth. It is normally achieved by inserting ground rods or other electrodes deep inside earth. Earthing is to ensure safety or protection of electrical equipment and human by discharging the electrical energy to the earth. The earthing is achieved by connecting the parts of the installation to the earth by using the earth conductor or earth electrode in intimate contact with the soil placed with some distance below the ground level. The process of transferring the immediate discharge of the electrical energy directly to the earth by the help of the low resistance wire is known as the electrical earthing. The electrical earthing is done by connecting the non-current carrying part of the equipment or neutral of supply system to the ground. Mostly, the galvanised iron is used for the earthing. The earthing provides the simple path to the leakage current. The shortcircuit current of the equipment passes to the earth which has zero potential. Thus, protects the system and equipment from damage. The earthing mat or electrode under the ground level have flat iron riser through which all the non-current-carrying

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metallic parts of the equipment are connected. When the fault occurs, the fault current from the equipment flows through the earthing system to the earth and thereby protects the equipment from the fault current. At the time of the fault, the earth mat conductors rise to the voltage which is equal to the resistance of the earth mat multiplied by a ground fault. The contacting assembly is called earthing. The metallic conductors connecting the parts of the installation with the earthing are called electrical connection. What is a solidly earthed system? A device or a system can be said to be solidly earthed if it is electrically connected to an earth electrode without the intention of additional resistance or impedance in earth connection, and this system can protect the device from over-voltages. What are the objectives of earthing? • It can provide an alternative path for the fault current so the fault current can travel in that path without damaging the equipment or endanger the user • The conductive parts which are exposed won’t reach a dangerous potential • Voltage can be maintained in an electrical system by preventing over current and excessive voltages • Low impedance path will be provided to the fault current and by this, it can ensure the correct operation ||www.electricalmirror.net||

of protective devices

Why do we need earthing? Earthing is done for the safety of humans, equipment, and property and if there is no effective earthing then it could lead to the loss of property and lives. • It can ensure the safety of property and lives • It can prevent insulation breakdown by keeping the system voltage under limits when a fault condition occurs • It can provide an equipotential platform where electronic equipment can be operated • Electrical noise in the cable can be reduced by providing an alternating path for induced current. • It can minimize arcing faults What is the difference between system earthing and equipment earthing? System earthing is done by considering the protection of electrical equipment, by stabilizing voltages with respect to ground. Whereas the equipment earthing is done for the protection of the personnel by maintaining the potential of non-current carrying equipment at or near earth potential. Mostly the system earthing is done by earthing the neutral of the supply system. In case of fault conditions the non-current carrying conductors of the electrical installations such as ||www.electricalmirror.net||

frames, enclosers, fencing could attain high potential with respect to ground so it would be dangerous to the person who comes in contact with it, to avoid this equipment earthing is done by connecting the non-current carrying conductors of the electrical system to the earth, it is done by the earthing system which consists of earth electrodes which conduct the fault current safely to ground. Why coal and salt is added in earth pits Coal is added to earth pits because it is a bad conductor; it is made up of burning wood. It has a property of absorbing water because it is porous. Salt is added to earth pits because it is basically sodium chloride and when it comes in contact with water it breaks into ions and helps in electrical conduction. Aim of Earthing: The earthing system is essential for any electrical installation to avoid dangers associated with fault currents and lighting strikes. A properly designed common earthing system is used for both electrical system and lighting protection system. An earthing system comprises of protective earthing conductor, equipotential bonding bars, connectors and earthing electrode. A good earthing system aims as: • Protect installations and equipment by providing a low impedance path for fault current. • Ensures that all exposed conductive parts do not reach a dangerous potential. • Avoid the risk of fire in electrical installation system. • Provide security for people by limiting step and touch voltages – by providing an alternate path for the fault currents to flow. • Provide safe path to dissipate lighting and short circuit currents. The earthing provides the easiest path to the flow of short circuit current even after the failure of the insulation. • Improve the quality of the signal by equal signal reference and minimize electromagnetic noise. • Provide stable platform for operation for sensitive electronic equipments i.e. to maintain voltage at any part of an electrical system at a known value so as to prevent over current or excessive voltage on the equipment. Earth Electrodes In general horizontal ring earthing combined with vertical earth electrodes shall be used. In horizontal earth electrode, copper coated steel round solid conductor of 10 mm size shall be used. Horizontal earth conductor shall have minimum || June 2021 ||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Earthing

Special Theme

number of joints. The minimum length between joints shall be greater than 20 meters. Vertical earth electrodes shall be of copper coated solid steel with minimum coating thickness of 250 microns. Each electrode shall be 1 meter long with suitable coupling mechanism between roads so that multiple rods can be driven deep in soil. Conductive concrete based earth enhancing materials shall be used for back filling the augured earthing hole after inserting the vertical earth electrode. Approximately 25 kg’s earth material shall be used for a three meter road inserted in a 100 mm augured hole in a slurry form. The earth enhancing material shall not contain Bentonite content. All joints under soil shall be exothermically welded. Joints with SS clamps and SS bolts are allowed only in exposed area. If one earth electrode does not provide required value, additional rods shall be installed ideally two rod lengths apart, but as a minimum at 1 rod length apart. The more electrodes used, better will be the electrical connection to the earth. Connect all vertical electrodes together with a horizontal earth conductor and finally to the equipotential bonding but at the shelter’s power entry panel. When the ordinary earth electrode provides a poor earth resistance and value is not stable throughout the year, particularly in places with rocky soil, chemically charged electrodes can be used. The chemically charged electrodes shall be 3 meters long, made of copper pipe with minimum external diameter of 55 mm and thickness of 2.5 mm. The chemicals filled inside the charged electrode leaches into the nearby soil and provide a low resistance value. Care should be taken while providing the earth electrode under the ground: • The earthing electrode should not be placed near the building whose installation system is earthed more than 1.5 m away. • The resistance of the earth wire should not be more than 1 ohm. • The wire use for electrode and circuit should be made up of the same material. • The electrodes should be placed in vertical position so that it can touch the layers of the earth. Types of Electrical Earthing The electrical equipment mainly consists of two non-current carrying parts. These parts are neutral of the system or frame of the electrical equipment. From the earthing of these two non-current carrying parts of the electrical system earthing can be classified into Neutral Earthing and Equipment earthing. In neutral earthing, the neutral of the system

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is directly connected to earth by the help of the GI wire or GI strip. The neutral earthing is also called the system earthing. Such type of earthing is mostly provided to the system which has star winding. For example, the neutral earthing is provided in the generator, transformer, motor etc. Equipment type of earthing is provided to the electrical equipment. The non-current carrying part of the equipment like their metallic frame is connected to the earth by the help of the conducting wire. If any fault occurs in the apparatus, the short-circuit current to pass the earth by the help of wire. Thus, protect the system from damage. Grounding: Grounding means connecting the live part (it means the part which carries current under normal condition) to the earth for example neutral of power transformer. Grounding is done for the protections of power system equipment and to provide an effective return path from the machine to the power source. For example grounding of neutral point of a star connected transformer. Grounding refers the current carrying part of the system such as neutral (of the transformer or generator). Because of lightening, line surges or unintentional contact with other high voltage lines, dangerously high voltages can develop in the electrical distribution system wires. Grounding provides a safe, alternate path around the electrical system thus minimizing damage from such occurrences. Generally Black wire is used for this as a nomenclature. In grounding, the current carrying parts are directly connected to the ground. The grounding provides the return path for the leakage current and hence protect the power system equipment from damage. When the fault occurs in the equipment, the current in all the three phases of the equipment become unbalance. The grounding discharges the fault current to the ground and hence makes the system balance. The grounding has several advantages like it eliminates the surge voltage and also discharge the over voltage to the ground. The grounding provides the great safety to the equipment and improves the service reliability. All electrical/electronic circuits (AC & DC) need a reference potential (zero volts) which is called ground in order to make possible the current flow from generator to load. Ground is may or may not be earthed. In electrical power distribution it is either earthed at distribution point or at consumer end but it is not earthed in Automobile (for instance all vehicles’ electrical circuits have ground connected to the chassis and metallic body that are insulated from earth through tires). There may exist a neutral to ground voltage due to voltage drop in the wiring, thus neutral does not necessarily have ||www.electricalmirror.net||

to be at ground potential. In a properly balanced system, the phase currents balance each other, so that the total neutral current is also zero. For individual systems, this is not completely possible, but we strive to come close in aggregate. This balancing allows maximum efficiency of the distribution transformer’s secondary winding. Basic difference between Grounding and Earthing: • In grounding the current carrying part is connected to ground whereas in earthing the body of the equipment is connected to ground. • Grounding is the link between the neutral of the equipment and ground whereas earthing is the link between the equipment body and earth pit which is placed under the earth surface. • Grounding protects the power system equipment whereas earthing protects the human from electric shock. • Grounding provides the return path to the current whereas earthing discharges the electrical energy to the earth. • Three types of grounding generally used in electrical network namely Solid grounding, Resistance grounding and Reactance grounding. Type of earthing used in electrical system/network are Pipe earthing, Plate earthing, Rod earthing, earthing through tap and strip earthing • Grounding indicated by black color and earthing indicated by green color. • Grounding use for balancing the unbalance load whereas earthing use for avoiding the electrical shock. • Neutral of generator and power transformer is connected to ground. The enclosure of the transformer, generator, motor etc. is connected to the earth. • The grounding wire is placed between the neutral of the equipment and the earth whereas in earthing the earth electrode is placed between the equipment body and the earth pit which is placed under the ground. • In grounding the equipment is not physically connected to the ground, and the current is not zero on the ground, whereas in earthing the system is physically connected to the ground and it is at zero potential. • The grounding gives the path to an unwanted current and hence protects the electrical equipment from damage, whereas the earthing decrease the high potential of electrical equipment which is caused by ||www.electricalmirror.net||

a fault and thus protects the human body from the electrical shock.

Functional difference between earthing & Grounding: There is no major difference between earthing and Grounding, both means “Connecting an electrical circuit or device to the Earth”. This serves various purposes like to drain away unwanted currents, to provide a reference voltage for circuits needing one, to lead lightning away from delicate equipment. Even though there is a micro difference between grounding & earthing. • Balancing the Load Vs Safety:

Ground is a source for unwanted currents and also as a return path for main current some times. While earthing is done not for return path but only for protection of delicate equipments. It is an alternate low resistance path for current. When the neutral for a three phase unbalanced connection take out and send it to ground, it is called grounding. Grounding is done to balance unbalanced load. While earthing is used between the equipment and earth pit so as to avoid electrical shock and equipment damage. • Equipment Protection Vs Human Safety:

Earthing is to protect the circuit elements whenever high voltage is passed by thunders or by any other sources while Grounding is the common point in the circuit to maintain the voltage levels. Earth is used for the safety of the human body in fault conditions while Grounding (As neutral earth) is used for the protection of equipments. • Earthing is a preventive measure while Grounding is just a return path:

The ground conductor provides a return path for fault current when a phase conductor accidentally comes in contact with a grounded object. This is a safety feature of the wiring system and it would never expect to see grounding conductor current flow during normal operation. Do not Ground the Neutral Second time When It is grounded either at Distribution Transformer or at main service panel of consumer end. Grounding act as neutral. But neutral cannot act as ground. • System Zero Potential Vs Circuit Zero Potential:

Earthing and Grounding both is refer to zero potential but the system connected to zero potential is differ than Equipment connected to zero potential .If a neutral point of a generator or transformer is connected to zero potential then it is known as grounding. At the same time if the body of the transformer or generator is connected to zero potential then it is known as earthing. The term “Earthing means that the circuit is physically || June 2021 ||

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Earthing

Special Theme

connected to the ground and it is Zero Volt Potential to the Ground (Earth) but in case of “Grounding” the circuit is not physically connected to ground, but its potential is zero(where the currents are algebraically zero) with respect to other point, which is also known as “Virtual Grounding.” Earth having zero potential whereas neutral may have some potential. That means neutral does not always have zero potential with respect to ground. In earthing we have Zero Volt potential references to the earth while in grounding we have local Zero Volt potential reference to circuit. When we connect two different Power circuits in power distribution system, we want to have the same Zero Volt reference so we connect them and grounds together. This common reference might be different from the earth potential. • Illegal Practice of interchange Purpose of Grounding & earthing wire:

Neutral wire in grid connections is mandatory for safety. Imagine a person from 4th floor in a building uses Earth wire (which is earthed in the basement at Basement) as neutral to power his lights. Another Person from 2nd floor has a normal setup and uses neutral for the same purpose. Neutral wire is also earthed at the ground level (as per USA practice Neutral is Grounded (earthed) at Building and as per Indian Practice it is Grounded (earthed) at Distribution Transformer). However, ground wire (Neutral wire) has a much lower electrical resistance than Earth Wire (Earthing) which results in a difference of electrical potential (i.e. voltage) between them. This voltage is quite a hazard for anyone touching a Earth wire (Metal Body of Equipment) as it may have several tens of volts. The second issue is legality. Using ground wire instead of neutral makes you an energy thief as the meter uses only the

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Phase and neutral for recording your energy consumption. Many Consumers make energy theft by using Earthing wire as a Neutral wire in an Energy meter. Conclusion: The Earth Resistance measurement could be carried out at selected points along its route. The Earth Resistance profile varies between 10 Ohms and 20 Ohms. Soil identifications as well as programmed intensive field measurements of soil resistivity and earthing system at selected sites proves that soil resistivity values’ depend on the type of soil. In rocky areas, the resistance could be lowered by a buried network of well-designed earth mat or by a network of buried counterpoise earth wire in order to reduce the effect of lightning stroke. For better earthing of electrical systems the soil resistivity should be improved for effective earthing of system. From the above information it can be concluded that, if the grounding is not carried out properly, it can cause number of problems like: • An improper grounding results in higher potential being created in the equipment that can damage equipment and pose safety threat to working personnel. • It can delay in clearing of faults that will result in insufficient current flow. • The dangers of a fire caused by leaking electricity are increased exponentially. • It can cause reduction in the operational efficiency of the machine. In addition, the choice of earthing system depends on the priority given to many aspects mentioned in the relevant distribution company and regulatory authority of county. EM

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

ase Study of the Month

Er. P.K.Pattanaik, is presently working with OPTCL as General Manager, EHT (O&M) Circle Bhubaneswar - Odisha and associated with the Protection and Control schemes of Electrical systems. Having 29 years of technical experience on various HT and EHT voltage level in the field of transmission sector. Specialization on the development technoeconomical design of protection control schemes for system development and planning. At present involved with various on-going projects on GIS, SAS and updated Remote SCADA control stations of OPTCL. Published 105 technical papers in National and International arena and is a regular contributor to the National journals like Electrical Mirror, Electrical India, CBIP journal and IEEMA journal and author of many technical books. Also Awarded in various arena on National level. He is also the coordinator of a Nationwide Power Engineers’ Technical Group named “SPARK- Ignited to share” consisting of Senior Electrical Engineers from different parts of the country. ele.pkpattanaik@optcl.co.in 1. Introduction: For the last few months, the response of the readers to the case studies on various incidents is overwhelming. Hence this month we are again choosing the write up on similar kind of studies for developing the synchronization of practical observation to the theoretical concepts. The analysis of each incident being supported by actual observations had been described during the situation to add awareness amongst the operation, testing and commissioning engineers to know the cause of problems and be helpful for easy rectification of the problems. This can also help to develop economic schemes for the smooth running of the operation and control system in the Grid Sub-Station. 2.1. Repeated Tripping of 400Kv lines: It was observed with everyday repeated tripping of one 400KV line during hot sun shine days of Summer season. 36

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VARIOUS CASE STUDIES ON OPERATION AND CONTROL SCHEMES FOR GRID SUB-STATION Contd…. Observations:

1. This was run with a DC (Double Circuit) Tower of 112Km run being connected between TWO inter-connected stations. 2. These towers were of lattice structured tower and faults was getting observed on the particular circuit with similar data as explained below. a. Fault on Line No 1. b. Fault phase was of BPh- ground with fault current between 7 to 8KAmpere at one end and approximately 11.2 to 13.5 KAmpere from other end. c. Distance being approx. 70 to 75 Km from one end and 45 to 52 Km from the other end. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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c. 3 Nos of JCBs were engaged for this job and during this handling work, huge ash residues were flowing upward. 14. Suspecting the reason being the ash residues flowing upward causing fault current tracking was tripping the lines. The operators remaining inside the JCB was neither noticing the line tracking flash nor listening the sound. 15. The factory personnel were requested not to store these ash residues under the line and put a barricade in this zone. 16. On request they changed the deposition place and after that no such abnormal tripping was observed.

Technical Analysis:

1. From the observation it was found that Factory ash was getting deposited under the span of LINE-1 as one side and other line (LINE-2) was remaining just away from this deposition.

2. Because the transmission line was passing above the storage with slanting heap towards line 2 area. The vehicle used for the storage was un-loading the ash from top of this storage heap which was sliding down towards line -2 area. 3. So bottom statutory clearance for LINE-2 was more as compared to LINE-1. In this case the clearance for the LINE-1 was above the allowable zone, so continuous issues were not getting observed. 4. But on the tripping days, they were doing the special ash handling works with more vehicles involvement for levelling, pouring etc... 5. So the flowing of iron dust mixed ash residues was resulting the tracking path for the bottom B Phase line conductor of Line-1 and causing un-wanted tripping of the line. Moreover the sag due to summer temperature

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w w w. e l e c t r i c a l m i r r o r. n e t

d. AR (Auto reclosure) was initiating but entering to LOCKOUT situation all the time. e. This was repeated for around 3 days for a particular season. But every time, detail line patrolling was getting conducted and found with of no physical faults in the line. f. Each time after patrolling, the line was getting charged successfully with proper load flow in the system. 3. Because of AR becoming un-successful, each time it was getting suspected with the permanency type of fault, for which line patrolling was being instructed to the line-in-charge. 4. Attempts were also taken for few days after such tripping occurrences, keeping line-security personnel in the line during the time span of around 11 AM to 3.00 PM. But no tripping resulted during these vigilant days. 5. But similar incident got resulted again on next day with similar data occurrence. 6. This time few senior officers were sent to the line for detail patrolling of the line with an instruction to check the TENSION TOWERS, jumpers used on the lines, statutory electrical clearance, leaky insulators on bottom B Phase of this particular line. 7. The report as received from the line that everything was OK and within the zone of clearance. 8. But one of the senior officer suspected about a span passing through a sponge iron factory between two numbers of Suspension Tower and it was distance wise was also coming within that fault zone occurrence. The distance is of 72.4 Km from one end. 9. The team entered into the premises of the factory and visited the spot and found with ASH HANDLING STORAGE under this span. 10. The spot was reviewed with measurement of ground clearance of this line no 1 (Affected line) and found with clearance within the zone. 11. The Ash composition was checked on inquiry of the Factory engineers. Ash was the residues of coals, also containing of iron dusts on it. 12. All the incident days, dates and times on data record were reconciled with the activities done by the factory people. 13. It was revealed the fact that the ASH Handling team on these tripping days used to do some activities as follows. a. Pouring of ASH at this storage yard. b. Levelling of the stored ash by the hopper.

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Case Study of the month

Case Study

rise was also the other possible cause for reduction of the ground clearance. 6. The reason of AR becoming un-successful is that for each fault occurrence, the residues was not subsiding immediately, rather was allowing for second fault track concluding with tripping LOCK OUT. 7. For each typical incident, the patrolling team was moving the line for detail physical finding. But non-finding of the fault and simultaneously ash handling team on completion of the leveling work, the line was getting allowed to charge successfully. 8. Each of the incident was not causing the un-wanted tripping of LINE-2 as because of the line was remaining towards the slanting zone of the ash storage heap as like shown in the figure 2.1. 9. During the days of vigilant, no such activities had been done by the factory team. But similar activities once again started after that. 10. So doing of ash handling activities were resulting the fault occurrence, which was stopped on request by the transmission utility and agreed upon by the factory management could helped for eradication of such un-wanted incidences on the important 400 KV line between two important station. 2.2. Repeated tripping of 220 KV DC Line: It was observed with tripping of 220 KV line during Summer evening for a particular line in between two important stations. 1. This system was fed with TWO lines (Double circuit Towers) and both the lines had tripped once and few two more occasions both lines have tripped. Total Line length of 83 KMs 2. All the tripping incidences were studied in terms of fault category, amount of current, distance etc.. as recorded below. a. Incident 1: Line 1 Tripped at 5.32 Hrs with fault data Distance: 43.2 Kms and other side 42.4 Kms, fault current being 3.5 KAmpere and 3.9Kampere. Fault Loop: R – Ground. But line-2 tripped after 40 minutes at 6.12 Hrs with fault distance fault data Distance: 35.2 Kms and other side 50.1 Kms, fault current being 4.31 KAmpere and 3.61Kampere. Fault Loop: B –Ground on the same day. b. Incident-2 : Line 1 Tripped at 7.28 Hrs with fault data Distance: 37.2 Kms and other side 48.1 Kms, fault current being 3.87 KAmpere and 2.81 Kampere. Fault Loop: B –Ground. c. Incident-3 : Line 2 Tripped at 6.21 Hrs with fault data Distance: 52.2 Kms and other side 38.1 Kms, fault current

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being 2.83 KAmpere and 3.81 Kampere. Fault Loop: R –Ground. 3. After fault occurrences, each time thorough patrolling used to be conducted in the line to trace the physical fault occurrences. But nothing does obtain in the line. 4. These two lines were passing through dense forest and care had been taken for maintaining vegetation clearance under the line. 5. Each time the AR scheme was also operating but going with UN-Successful mode due to fault persistence in the line. 6. But waiting for few hours, when the line was allowed for trial charging was getting successfully closed and catering the load. 7. But to investigate the cause of tripping, the line staff used to be instructed for patrolling of the line. 8. Each time, no any such evidence like tree touching/ burning of tree top etc was found. 9. But in each incidence it was reported with the fire of the bushes under the line at the affected distance causing wild fire situation, especially during Summer evening. 10. This could also be the reason of fault occurrence. To ensure the cause senior teams were asked to visit the site for detail investigation. 11. It was reported with similar information which was compared to the fault data in terms of tentative distance of fault from the relay data. All the data used to match as per the incidences. So, the cause being confirmed that the wild fire is the reason of fault occurrences. 12. So the line corridor was advised to maintain with BUSH FREE ZONE as possible to avoid fire under the line.

Technical Analysis:

1. The effect of fire for air ionization was studied from the research papers and concluded with few of the following observations. a. The flame is a kind of plasma where air molecules are chemically and thermally ionized. b. The ion concentration in the propane-air flame is in the range of 109 – 1012/ cm3 and most of them have positive charge. Ion generation increases due to rise of temperature resulting reduction in dielectric strength. c. Generation rate further increases due to gradual reduction of Break down strength, allowing the tracking path between conductor and ground. d. Hence the electrical strength of air (Dielectric Strength or Break down Voltage) decreases under the influence ||www.electricalmirror.net||

of flames and smoke can be explained as a result of three factors. i. The high temperature reduces the air density. ii. The electrical charge is generated in the flame. iii. Generation of Smoke particles. 2. So, Fire underneath may also be responsible for tripping of the transmission lines. 3. Maintaining of FIRE FREE LINES should also be attempted. 2.3. Frequent tripping of 132Kv line: One of the 132 KV Line was tripping during hot summer due to phase clearance issue.

Observations:

1. This line was equipped with 132KV Panther conductor and passed above 33KV line. 2. During hot summer and due to electrical clearance issue, this line was tripping frequently. 3. The discom wing owner of 33KV line was requested to lower the line to the allowable zone, but tripping still persisted with hot summer. 4. The 132KV line was re-strung to raise till allowable distance, but problem could not be resolved. 5. Finally, solution was temporarily considered with use of insulation sleeve upon the 33 KV line before the decision of diversion of this 33KV line under 132 KV system. 6. The problem was solved temporarily. 7. Use of insulation sleeve could also be considered as the practice for such solution as this helps technoeconomically instead of putting money on diversion or construction of new system. 8. On studying the response, use of insulation sleeve was taken as the permanent solution on this system. 9. Then onwards no tripping had been observed even with of all severe situations.

Technical Analysis:

1. By calculation of ACSR PANTHER CONDUCTOR at 45 deg centigrade ambient temperature with Weight/km = 973 kg/km =w, Tension = Breakdown tension = 9242kg= T0, Span = 350 mtr. So sag calculation D= wl2/ 8To= 1.626mtr for suspension tower cold sag. 2. Thumb rule for hot sag with temperature being 90deg centigrade it will be apprx double = 3.252 mtr. So during this summer max could be assumed with self temp +ambient = 65 to 70 deg. So sag could be in between 1.626 to 3.25 = 2.5 mtr max. 3. As per standard allowable clearance for safer side

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considering the tension and wind pressure with FOS could be 3mtr. But manageable clearance could be 1.35 mtr mentioned in IS 5613 inside switchyard between phase to phase. In this case clearance between 132kv and 33kv to be also taken as 1.35 mtr say 1.5 mtr Ariel clearance. 4. But in this situation it was not possible to maintain the clearance of 1.5 mtr, so the decision of use of insulation sleeve was planned. 5. Theoretical calculation was taken for the use of PVC sleeve. 6. PVC insulation is electrically 4 to 5 times stronger than dry air. So it should be provided around the 33kv conductor. 7. On lowering of 33KV conductor, the required clearance of approximately 5ft = 1.67mtr > 1.5 mtr had been attended. 8. But problem could not be solved, but problem could not be solved. Again during temp rise and due to more sag of extra 0.8 mtr(as calculted above) resulting distance of 1.67-0.8 = 0.87 mtr and causing arching fault with tripping of both end. 9. So to attend allowable clearance of 1.35 mtr, we need extra 1.35- 0.87 = 0.48 mtr = 1.598 ft. =1.6 ft. This extra 1.6 ft with stand still air. So with wind speed we have to take another 1ft extra. 10. So we should take to provide extra of 1.6+1= 2.6 ft. finally. To attend such following method could have tried a. We can further lower 33 kv conductor if allowable ground clearance is minimum of 18-19 ft for 33 kv system. b. We can provide little more tension on 132kv conductor to raise. Depending upon the site feasibility. c. Use of combination method (lowering of 33kv and provision of PVC insulation) 11. All the above methods had been attempted except the use of insulation PVC. 12. Now calculation with PVC insulation Thumb rule PVC thickness is 16 times equivalent to air. Let us provide min. 2 inch pvc thickness= 2x16 = 32 inch = 2. 75 ft >2.6 ft reqd. Now extra 1 ft could be attended by lowering. But this method is also technically not feasible due to the issue of wrapping 2-inch thickness PVC. 13. Finally, it was enquired upon the special insulated sleeves from the market and found with such with lightweight and lesser thickness of 1inch. || June 2021 ||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Case Study

14. This sleeve was put on 33 KV conductor and then found with of no problem. 2.4. Abnormal Tripping of 220KV Breaker: At one of the 220/132 KV GSS, one of 132KV feeder breaker was tripping frequently indicating with no master relay indication.

Case Study of the month

Observations:

1. This feeder was tripping abnormally, resulting blackout situation on the remote end grid as the feeder was the incomer supply feeder radially fed from this 220/132KV GSS. 2. During tripping of the feeder, neither primary relays nor master relay were operating. 3. Because of such peculiar behavior, the tripping circuit used for this system was suspected with some mal-operation. 4. The grid personnel were enquired about the followings a. Whether the tripping was resulting during station supply voltage fluctuation in the system. b. Whether tripping during OFF PEAK LOAD condition of the station, like the point when the LT Supply (415Volt supply) does have its maximum value in the system. c. Any other coincidences like DC Leakage and tripping at the time of rain/ after rain etc.. 5. The reply of the grid personnel was that the tripping does occur especially during the above two points 5 a and 5 b but not always, its like occasionally. 6. The feeder was availed with maintenance shutdown to check detail of the tripping circuit keeping supply through alternate Transfer Bus Breaker system to maintain continuity supply to the remote station. 7. This breaker was kept under observation keeping isolation from the system under the supervision a responsible engineer to ensure the tripping being due to the above two of the reasons as described by the grid personnel. 8. On doing so, similar situation resulted but for few of the condition the breaker tripped. So to confirm the situation, station transformer supply was raised by the OFF LOAD Tap changer and found with tripping of the breaker with voltage being 434 Volt. So, it was ensured that the problem is with tripping circuit supervision scheme. 9. On studying the trip circuit supervision scheme, it was found with the use of TSR (Trip circuit Supervision Relay) in series to the Trip coil. 10. Now the TSR with TCS circuit was checked and found with few of the following points. a. Certain voltage got appeared at the terminal after

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disconnection of the circuit from TSR relay, when measured with Multimeter. To confirm this voltage being actual driving voltage or not, the test lamp was used. But the test lamp did not glow confirming that the voltage appeared was of extended open circuit voltage with TSR in series to the circuit. TSR contains HIGH OHMIC resistor in series to the circuit to restrict the voltage across the trip coil during supervision of the circuit. (Refer Fig 2.4) b. With same dis-connection point, the station supply voltage was raised to 434 volt and similar checking was done by Multimeter and then by test Lamp. This time it was observed with feeble glow of the test lamp, indicating that certain voltage go appeared across the test lamp.

c. So keeping Test lamp in the circuit, multimeter was connected across the test lamp to know the voltage drop and found with around 70 volts. d. But this voltage of 70 Volt may not be sufficient for actuation of the trip coil. e. However, the circuit was re-connected and it was found with rise of station supply also the breaker did not trip, rather during switching OFF and ON the breaker tripped. 11. So, considering the case of problem in the TSR and connected trip coil, both the elements were replaced and tested once again with similar exercise and found with everything in order. 12. Now, for permanent solution to this scheme, the DC output circuit from the charger was reviewed and found with NO PROVISION OF BLOCKER DIODE. 13. In the present scheme, higher output voltage in the range of 245-248 volt was getting available across the battery set and also across the DC control circuit. All the relays were designed for the voltage variation +/- 10 % from nominal (198 Volt 242-volt DC) to work properly. Basically continuous rating coils like here TSR may cause reduction of resistance in long run and result more voltage across the trip coil during the time of sudden voltage fluctuation due to switching effect or variation of parameters due to fault in the system. 14. Finally, BLOCKER DIODE was used in the system with setting of 246.5 volt as the voltage output for the battery bank to allow tickle charging and 220-230 Volt by use of blocker diode across the DC control circuit. 15. Then onwards, no such eventualities have been observed at the station. EM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

“

Saurabh Goel President havellS IndIa ltd.

Havells has always believed in technology and innovation at its core, committed to meet the changing consumer

needs with cutting-edge solutions. Our design philosophy is built up on 3R’s- Reduce, Reuse, recycle. We use High grade Nylon which is recyclable, all parts are minimized for

“

material consumption & continue to work on this.

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Q. How has the second wave of the pandemic affected

What are the special initiatives taken by the organization for the wellbeing of the employees?

Q. What are smart switchgears and how they work?

Q. What kind of technological excellence or uniqueness

Electricity is the very basis of the new technological revolution that we are experiencing in our daily lives. Therefore, smart switchgears are playing an important role in ensuring remote monitoring and seamlessly integration with building management, supervisory control and data acquisition and achieve energy savings. Havells being one of the pioneers in the switchgear segment, launched ST^Dx switchgear, to enhance performance in order to meet the operational challenges with smart monitoring and user-friendly features. The technologically advanced communication ready range of Circuit Protection device and Distribution Board (DB) provides multiple functionalities such as field monitoring and energy management in addition to circuit identification and positive contact indication. Our switchgear range has received positive response from the consumers. One of the main reasons is the increasing application of smart switchgears at various industrial plants, hospitals, and commercial buildings. Smart switchgears provide greater control over operation, maintenance, and improved efficiency. Havells switchgear devices have addressed the demand of large set of customers who wanted a reliable communication ready range. IOT based solutions in near future will enhance the overall customer experience of electricity consumption with greater control and reliability.

business?

Havells has continuously taken various initiatives to ensure the health and wellness of its employees. Through our latest vaccination programme, we covered the cost of Covid-19 vaccination for all our direct and indirect employees in India above 18 years of age through a reimbursement process. Recently, Havells also carried out a robust vaccination programme and successfully vaccinated 95% of its direct and indirect employees above 45 years of age across 13 manufacturing plants. This was achieved through a combination of On-Site vaccination camps and tie ups with various hospitals, both government and private. We have recently imported oxygen concentrators to support all our employees and channel partners in the time of crisis. To further prevent the spread of Covid-19, the company had taken initiatives involving technology i.e. use of AI and IoT solutions to maintain a safer environment for the workforce. Havells partnered with BLP Industry.AI (“Industry.AI”), an enterprise AI and industrial IoT company to deploy “Trust AI”. It is an Artificial Intelligence, and Computer Vision powered video analytics monitoring product that issues an alert to a factory administrator when anyone is less than the desired distance from a colleague. This cost-effective technology is also enabled to detect when people are not wearing masks, helmets, or safety gear.

can be found in the switchgears offered by Havells?

Havells has always believed in technology and innovation at its core, committed to meet the changing consumer needs with cutting-edge solutions. Our design philosophy is built up on 3R’s- Reduce, Reuse, recycle. We use High grade Nylon which is ||www.electricalmirror.net||

What is the response you are getting on your smart switchgear range?

w w w. h a v e l l s . c o m

The second wave of the pandemic has disrupted the demand for all the sectors. The second wave has been ferocious and disruptive which has impacted the business since second half of April. Adverse impact was experienced by housing, real estate, and industries; hence the impact was quite profound for companies that are essentially dependent on domestic consumption. From short-term perspective, the situation has significantly affected the peak summer sale and business normalcy but it might lead to potentially larger impact as it's coming on the back of depleted savings, debt, and reduced fallback options. The demand for the rest of the year will depend on how swiftly we as a country are able to recover financially. Since, we are amid localised lockdowns with uncertainty around when and how the market reopens, it would be premature to assess the impact on sales at a holistic level. However, we remain optimistic.

recyclable, all parts are minimized for material consumption & continue to work on this. On product innovation side we have filed 26 patents, Building on this vision to understand and address the needs of consumers for smart solutions. Our market leader range : EURO II , consist of Residual Current Circuit Breaker (RCCB) and Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) for large application spectrum that ensures safety from electrical hazards. The MCB range ensures human error proof functionality with innovative bi-stable clip Easy installation & Maintenance) line load reversibility coupled with dual certification enabling domestic and industrial applications. Our RCCB range designed continuously senses and compares for difference (residual current value) in current values between the live and neutral wires. Any small change in the current value, on account of an earth leakage current or other such event, would trigger the RCCB to trip off the circuit, thus protect valuable life. Likewise, distribution board and other products offer top of line features with ease of maintenance considering Indian conditions.

Q. What is the USP of your recently launched anti-viral

and anti-bacterial switch range? Also, what market share you anticipate to capture with the launch of this product?

With the onset of COVID-19 pandemic, consumers have become || June 2021 ||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Interview

extra cautious about their health and hygiene while using any physical product which requires touch. Havells believes in innovation at the core and recently launched anti-viral and anti-bacterial switches with ViruzSafeTM technology under the Crabtree brand. We are the first and the only brand offering viruzafe technology in wiring devices range in India Considering the consumer centric health, safety and hygiene needs in mind, we have innovated our product with the latest ViruzSafeTM technology. With this technology, the switch ranges of Crabtree Athena and Signia destroys 92.5% of viruses on the Switch surface within 1 minute of exposure. As per efficacy level and time frame, anti-viral action ensures that the viruses are not transmitted upon by touch of switches to the users. To support this claim this product has been tested and validated by external labs as per ISO and JIS standards. Installing these switches will ensure substantially reducing chances of virus and bacteria spread due to switch touch and safe environment for customers in their homes, offices, and hospitals by avoiding transmission of virus and bacteria via Switches. With customer centricity at the core, we at Havells have constantly been working towards building safe, technologically advanced, and hygienic products in order to satisfy consumer needs.

Q. Given the current situation, what will be the future of electrical switchgear market in India?

In recent times, customer experience is paramount for growth,

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and Havells India leads in this sphere with deeply penetrated channel strength. Due to electrification reaching near 100% in the country and given the fact that the prevalence of conventional fuses to the tune of nearly 40% even now, we are confident of the ever-increasing need for quality switchgears in the country for the foreseeable future. Various endeavours by the government will also ensure the increasing switchgear demand. The present crisis has also increased the consciousness of the people on safety issues in general, this too should lead to increased demand for safety gadgets like MCB and RCCBs amongst the general populace.

Q. How is Havells as a company fairing in the market?

Are you planning any launches in the coming 3 months?

We at Havells believe in Innovation driven growth, which creates a distinct demand for our products in Switchgear, Electrical wiring accessories and automation. We continue to be leaders in building segment products and Recently launched ST^Dx Smart switchgear, Virus free switch from Crabtree and Connected Sockets has been widely appreciated . In near future, we shall be adding technologically advanced electronic Protection switchgear and downstream protection devices, which will address much needed void in the segment. In addition we will consolidate our Wiring accessories and Automation range, expanding the offer for masses. EM

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Special Focus

Transm ission & Distributi o n

The Indian economy is observing signs of restitution & so is the power sector

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India needs $60-80 billion investments over the next five years to strengthen its grid transmission infrastructure. The scale of investments envisaged is needed to address the continued structural growth in power demand and overcome operational limitations of the country’s national transmission grid, a study by US-based Institute for Energy Economics & Financial Analysis (IEEFA) suggested. Under the Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana or Saubhagya scheme, the central government has successfully electrified 99 per cent of the households. As a follow-up, there is an urgent need for considerable investments in grid transmission infrastructure to keep pace with growing low-cost renewable capacity so that new households can afford to buy electricity, the IEEFA report noted. Electric power network is an interconnection of generation, transmission, and distribution systems. In the traditional grid, the generation was centralized to large power plants such as coal, nuclear, and hydroelectric. With the advancement of technology, renewable energy resources such as wind, solar, and biomass are becoming more popular and widespread. Renewable energy resources are small in capacity compared to coal and nuclear plants but are spread in the transmission

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Trans m i ssio n & Dis t r ibu t ion

Special Focus

and distribution system and located closer to the load centers. The transmission system is used to transfer electrical energy from generation to load centers. This system consists of transmission lines and the substations with transformers and other components used to maintain the voltages as well as the active and reactive power flow. Transmission lines are characterized based on their line resistance, inductance, and shunt capacitance. The power flow analysis is used to analyze the active and reactive power flow in the power system from generation to load centers. This article discusses different types of generation in the power system. Transmission line characteristics and power flow analysis techniques are also presented with the different technologies used for reactive power control.

Consolidation Phase for Private Power Transmission

Recent media reports suggest that Mumbai-headquartered Kalpataru Power Transmission Ltd, T&D space, was keen on selling all its power transmission concessions. This development is in line with the trend, observed over the past two-three years, where developers are seen divesting stake in their power transmission assets. According to reports, Sekura Energy and CLP India are in independent discussions to acquire all the four power transmission assets of Kalpataru Power Transmission Ltd (KTPL). Sekura Energy is promoted by Edelweiss Infrastructure while CLP India is backed by Canadian pension fund CPDQ. The total investment involved is likely to be in the region of Rs. 3,200 crore, including Rs. 349 crore of equity. KTPL owns four transmission lines—two (Haryana and Madhya Pradesh) in operation and two (West Bengal and Bihar) are under construction. In Jhajjar KT Transco Ltd (See Box: Kalpataru Power: Assets under operation, at the end of the story), KPTL has a 51 per cent equity stake while in Kalpataru Satpura Transco Pvt Ltd, it owns 100 per equity. KTPL has also won two interregional power transmission projects

awarded under the tariff-based competitive bidding (TBCB) route. Both these projects are under construction. The first is Alipurduar Transmission Ltd that is building infrastructure to transfer power from Alipurduar in West Bengal to the Eastern Region Grid. This line is associated with importing electricity from upcoming hydropower projects in Bhutan, which are being developed with assistance from India. The second project, under construction, is Kohima-Mairani Transmission Ltd. This Rs.653-crore project involves strengthening of the 400kV network in the northeastern region. The anticipated project completion date is July 2020.

Core EPC business

Although Kalpataru Power officials were unavailable for comment, it strongly appears that the rationale behind the proposed sell-off was the company’s decision to stick to its core business of EPC contracting—not just in India but abroad as well. Cementing this proposition is the fact that in late March 2019, KTPL signed a definitive agreement to acquire 85 per cent equity stake in Linjemontage I Grastorp AB (LMG) for an enterprise value of $24 million. LMG is an EPC firm headquartered in Grastrop, Sweden. It specializes in power supply solutions and services for electricity networks within the voltage range of 0.4-400kV. LMG has an active presence in Sweden and Norway, and this acquisition will help KPTL to gain footprint in other Nordic countries like Finland and Denmark, as well as Western Europe. Selling power transmission assets to focus on core EPC business was also seen in the case of KEC International. In November 2018, the Mumbai-headquartered company signed a purchase agreement with Adani Transmission Ltd for selling its entire stake in KEC Bikaner Sikar Transmission Pvt Ltd (KBSTPL) at an enterprise value of around Rs.227.50 crore. KBSTPL owns an operational 400kV double-circuit transmission line of 344 ckm, running from Bikaner to Sikar, in Rajasthan, operational since December 2017. This sale was in line with KEC’s strategy to focus on its core EPC business. Commenting on the development then, Vimal Kejriwal, MD & CEO, KEC International Ltd had noted, “We are happy to inform that in line with our strategy of being an asset light company focused on providing turnkey services to infrastructure sector, we have decided to sell our holding in KEC Bikaner Sikar Transmission Private Ltd to Adani Transmission Ltd.”

Business Restructuring

While the aforementioned cases of KEC International and Kalpataru Power represent cases of sticking to core EPC business, selling of power transmission assets was seen for very different reasons also. For instance, there are at least two instances where infrastructure developers were seen exiting the power transmission space, so as to maintain their focus on other 48

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WHERE OTHER MATERIALS FAIL, EARTHING SPECIALISTS RELY UPON MARCONITE

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Transm iss io n & Di stri but io n

Special Focus

segments. In October 2018, Sekura Energy Ltd agreed to acquire two operating power transmission schemes owned by Essel Infra projects Ltd, the infrastructure arm of the Essel Group. The two assets are Darbhanga-Motihari Transmission Ltd and NRSS XXXI (B) Transmission Ltd. Sekura is also set to acquire WaroraKurnool Transmission Ltd and NRSS XXXVI Transmission Ltd— the two under-construction assets. The stake in the two will be acquired post commissioning. According to a recent report by CEA, the NRSS XXXI (B) scheme and the Warora-Kurnool project are likely to be commissioned by December 2019. The total deal is estimated to be worth around Rs. 6,000 crore. According to reliable information, two transmission schemes (names unknown) of Essel have been acquired so far by Sekura Energy. Essel Group, according to reliable media reports, is facing financial difficulties and has planned to divest its assets in the fields of power transmission, renewable energy and roads. GMR Group, over the years, has been divesting some of its assets in the power generation and transmission space, with a view to focusing on other businesses—principally airports. During 2014, GMR Energy had developed two transmission projects in Rajasthan State of India during FY 2014 awarded on a BOOM basis by Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Prasaran Nigam Ltd, the state transmission utility.

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The first project, Maru Transmission Services Ltd, involved a 270-km network comprising 400kV and 220kV lines apart from associated substations. This system was commissioned in October 2013. The other project, Aravali Transmission Services Ltd, involving mainly the 400kV single-circuit Hinduan-Alwar transmission line (85 km) was commissioned in July 2014. Adani Transmission Ltd, part of the Adani Group, has since acquired controlling stake in these two projects.

A good time for T&D sector

The Indian economy is observing signs of restitution & so is the power sector. A shift in the GoI’s focus to reinforce the power T&D system opens profuse opportunities for the transformer market too. GoI is encouraging investments at the T&D level to boost access to reliable & continuous power supply through schemes such as DDUGJY which scheme aims to provide power for every village & hence provide power to all. This necessitates huge investments in the T&D sector including use of energy efficient transformers, besides renovation, modernization, restructuring, & upgradation of the sub-T&D infra. Major manufacturers have geared up their manufacturing facilities to meet the surge in demand. Bureau of Indian Standard & MoP are keenly working to ensure that quality products are procured by the electricity boards & have consequently fixed mandatory Level-II rating for DTs for DDUGJY scheme. As power is one of the most essential components of infrastructure ||www.electricalmirror.net||

2011-12&2015-16 apart from cost rationalization initiatives. Electricity regulator had lowered the incentive income available to thermal generators for the period b/w 2013-14&2018-19, which resulted in a dip in per unit costs. GoI also worked on coal linkage rationalization, which has led to lowering of fuel cost for some plants. Mode of development of T/R projects is as important as planning for the expansion of the future grid. Report by Crisil has rated the power T/R sector as the most attractive for infra ’invest’ in India. The success of inter-state T/R system PPP projects on the tariff-based competitive bidding model is testimony to the stoutness of the PPP model of the sector. In some cases, tariffs have reduced by 30%&project execution time by 40%. Besides, the Revised Tariff Policy of 2016 has suggested the competitive bidding model for intrastate projects. A big measure of success for the T/R grid is the formation of intra-state n/w’s that will bring electricity closer to the consumer.

Power Sector – Government Initiatives

vital for the economic growth, the existence & development of sufficient infrastructure is important for continual growth of the Indian economy. GoI has foreseen an invest’ plan of ₹ 2.6 lakh Cr. in T/R sector during the FY’17-22, of which estimated ₹ 1.3 lakh Cr. has been allocated for intra-state T/R capacity. Apart from this governments focus is on railway electrification & providing last mile connectivity & electrifying villages so that it can accomplish the set target. Few years since, Indian power T&D sector has observed rise in activities, with government pushing programs such as electrifying villages, railway electrification & enhanced public pvt’ participation & electricity for all by 2019.GoI has introduced policy reforms to boost pvt’ participation that has activated a fresh thrust for buying & sales of transmission (T/R) assets. CoS having core business in EPC or power generation & won electric T/R projects are now ready to monetize such assets to follow new projects. Invest’ firms have also revealed interest & adding to this, there are some CoS, with core business in renewable, now eying T&D assets. With a huge buyer interest from T/R CoS & yield-based invest’ firms, industry experts say it may be a good time for T&D sector. Financial health of the discoms has enhanced due to lower T&D losses, tariff hikes & cost rationalization. Traditionally known to be the weakest link in the energy value chain, the hinge of discoms is also being driven by volume growth. Discoms have also gained from healthy tariff hikes allowed in most states b/w ||www.electricalmirror.net||

PSDF: To be utilized for the projects proposed by state utilities to create necessary T/R systems of strategic importance. Install shunt capacitors for improvement of voltage profile. Install standard& special protection schemes. Renovate & modernize T&D systems for relieving congestion, etc. Fuel supply: Coal usage flexibility / coal swapping from inefficient plants to efficient plants. Rationalization of coal linkages to optimize transportation cost & materialization of coal at thermal power plants. Introduction of a new & more Transparent Coal Allocation Policy for Power Sector, 2017 – SHAKTI scheme. GoI targets to produce 1 BT of domestic coal by 2019-20. 24x7 Power for ALL: Joint initiative by the GoI& the state governments, aiming to achieve 24x7 availability of reliable power to all households, industrial, commercial & all other electricity consuming entities by the end of FY’19. Preparation of state specific action plans for24x7 Power for All covering adequacy of generation, T/R capacity & distribution system. 24x7 Power for All documents have been signed for 35 States/ UTs. All states have been onboarded. Total generation capacity by 2019: 389 GW. Total invest’ in system strengthening: ₹ 3,15,582 Cr’s. No of household to be provided access: 60.5 mn. UDAY: MoP, GoI launched Ujwal DISCOM Assurance Yojana which was approved by the Union Cabinet on 5 Nov’15. Under UDAY schemes states will take over 75% of the DISCOM debt as on 30 Sep’15 (50% in FY’16&25% in FY’17), to give a fresh opportunity to debt trapped DISCOMS to transform. Till date, 32 states & UTs have joined this scheme for financial & operational turnaround. About 97% of total outstanding debt of all state Discoms has been covered under this scheme, paving the way for financial turnaround. Financial Turnaround of DISCOMs Operational improvement; Reduction in cost of || June 2021 ||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Trans m issio n & Dis t r ibu t ion

Special Focus

generation of power; Development of RE; Energy efficiency & Conservation. IPDS: Aims at providing quality & reliable power to urban households. Financial assistance to strengthen urban infrastructure including sub-T & Dn/w’s in urban areas & metering of DTs/ feeders/ consumers. IT enablement of distribution sector & strengthening of distribution n/w component has been subsumed under IPDS. Projects worth ₹ 24,836 Cr. have been sanctioned for 3486 towns. Total outlay of ₹ 32,612 Cr. aimed at ensuring 24X7 power for all. DDUGJY: Launched in Dec’14 with a goal to provide continuous supply of electricity to rural India. Key areas include separation of agriculture& non-agriculture feeders, strengthening & augmentation of sub-T&D infrastructure including metering at DTs, feeders & consumers & rural household electrification. 590,791 villages (98.8%) in India have been electrified. Free electricity connections provided to 2.5 Cr. BPL households (Out of total 4.27 Cr. connections sanctioned). SAUBHAGYA: Launched by the MoP to achieve universal household’s electrification by providing last mile connectivity & electricity connections to all households in rural & urban areas. Solar photovoltaic based standalone systems to be provided for remote &inaccessible villages. Total cost of ₹ 16,320 Cr’s including Gross Budgetary support of ₹ 12,320 Cr’s from the GoI. DSM & Energy efficiency: There is sig’ push for increased adoption of energy efficient products through schemes, directives/ regulations & policies. National LED program was launched on 5 Jan’15. DELP &SLNP have been initiated through which household lighting & street are being replaced with LEDs. Over 18.5 lakh LED tube lights distributed as of May’17. Over 20 lakh LED street lights installed under SLNP as of May’17. Green Energy corridors: Launched by the GoI in 2013; envisages

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grid connected n/w for the T/R of RE produced from various RE projects. Involves construction of the inter-state T/Rn/w for connecting 43 GW of RE capacity under Green Corridor-I. Green Corridors-II Program involves connectivity for 20 GW solar parks in different states including AP, MP, KA, RJ & GJ. Total expected invest’: 43,000 Cr’s in intra & inter-state T/R systems. Smart Grids / Automation: NSGM established for planning & monitoring of implementation of smart grid related activities. Provides capital subsidy support to larger implementation projects; 4 projects at bidding stage, 20+DPR shave been received for approval. Inclusion of Smart Grid / Smart Metering investments in IPDS, UDAY, other schemes & mandates of GoI are accelerating early adoption of new tech solutions. Transparency & Monitoring initiatives: GARV (Rural Electrification) App: Provides updates related to the electrification of villages & households in India. Ujala App: Provides real-time updates on the LED distribution. Vidyut Pravah: Gives real-time information on electricity price & availability. URJA App: Helps enhance consumer connect by showing DISCOM's performance in cities & gives data of the IPDS. TARANG (T/R System Monitoring) App: To monitor the progress of T/R System in India. UDAY: Gives the progress of the UDAY yojana. Urja Mitra APP: Enables consumers to access real time & historic outage information for DISCOMs. DEEP: e-Portal for short & medium-term power procurement through transparent bidding & e-reverse auction.

Outlook 2025

Power transmission is an integral part of the power sector and is as vital as power generation; there is no value for generating power until the power reaches to the destination for final consumer. The huge amount of power generated in power station is to be transported over a long distance to the load centers to cater to the consumers with the help of transmission lines and transmission towers. Though India has adequate power generation capacity, it has a substantial proportion of population having limited access to electricity mostly because of lack of proper transmission infrastructure. In order to achieve target of affordable electricity for all by 2019 or even by 2022, India serious needs to have robust power transmission network. Evacuating power safely was the main focus of India's power transmission sector during the initial years. But as the need for electrification of more areas were realized for economic growth, the role of transmission sector changed a lot. As with the changing scenario, the transmission sector started to move towards integrated system planning because generation capacities are distributed unevenly in different regions. While thermal capacity is in the coal rich eastern region, hydro capacity is concentrated in the hilly regions of North and North-Eastern regions while renewable sources like wind or ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Trans m i ssio n & Dis t r ibu t ion

Special Focus

solar are concentrated in west and south regions. Building on massive power transmission sector thus addressed this issue and helped providing power to regions across the country. Thus power transmission in India is in the integrated system planning of power sector and in last one decade this sector has been getting substantial investments to scale up the infrastructure. Now power transmission is considered as important as power generation. India's power transmission sector is mostly controlled by government – both the central and various state governments and various institutions to work in the transmission sector. Till now, with respect to the size of the sector, presence of private sector is negligible though the private sector participation in power transmission is growing gradually with recent policy reforms. In the central sector, the central transmission utility (CTU), known as the Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd (PGCIL), is responsible for national and regional transmission planning while the state sectors have separate State Transmission Utilities (STU). Power transmission was opened up to the private sector in 2010 with the award of the western regional system strengthening to Reliance Infra and the east-north interconnection line to Sterlite Energy. The CERC in 2011 ruled power transmission projects should be awarded through competitive bidding like generation projects. Power Grid was the only company operating in this area till then. The recently amended National Tariff Policy requires projects apart from those of strategic importance, which are to be nominated to Power Grid, be auctioned. Till now, Tala Transmission Project has been the biggest entry of private sector in power transmission though based on publicprivate partnership. Power distribution system is the last stage of electricity sector value chain as it provides power generated in the power generating plants to the final consumers. The main function of an electrical power distribution system is to provide power

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to individual consumer premises. Distribution of electric power to different consumers is done with much low voltage level. Power distribution in India has more presence of private sector than the transmission sector. Until some time back, the State Electricity Boards (SEBs) used to handle the distribution segment completely. But in last two decades power distribution in a few regions/areas, particularly in large cities has been privatized, however the SEBs or the state DISCOMs are still handling a large part of power distribution. The sector has started receiving greater attention and investment with the restructuring of the state electricity boards (SEBs). Several new initiatives have been introduced to reduce aggregate technical and commercial (AT&C) losses along with a definitive regulatory framework. Electricity Act 2003, National Electricity Policy 2005 and National Tariff Policy 2006 are important regulations governing the sector today with an aim to bring competition in the sector and improve the services to the end consumers. Indian government has also made heavy investments in the distribution sector through the Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojna (RGGVY) (now replaced by Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY) and Accelerated Power Development and Reforms Programme (APDRP) during the Tenth Plan and has continued to extend the same in the Eleventh Plan as well. The aim of these programs is to provide access of electricity to all and bring down the AT&C losses to a level of around 15% across the country. The various policies and regulations introduced by the government are set to increase competition and bring about commercial viability. Participation of private players into the Distribution Sector has also been encouraged through various models such as Public Private Participation as in case of Delhi and Orissa and more recently through input based distribution franchisee models in Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. EM

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

UPS & Batteries

Industry Focus

UPS battery can cause considerable harmonic distortion in the distribution network

Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) inverter battery systems in the recent years are playing significant role in achieving protection against power interruptions and in improving efficiency and cost effectiveness of the power networks. In this article, an assessment of harmonic load model of battery energy storage system is carried out by a detailed experimentation on 10kVA single-phase UPS inverter battery. Experimental results are obtained for fundamental powers drawn by the battery during charging, along with harmonic currents generated at various voltage levels. From the measured values, functional relations between voltage and power (real and reactive) have been developed. Results of experimentation are then integrated with radial distribution systems to investigate the impact of harmonic load model of UPS battery on the distribution network. The proposed method is tested on a radial distribution feeder integrated with UPS battery system. Load flow results of integrated distribution system demonstrate that non-linear load model of UPS battery can cause considerable harmonic distortion in the distribution network and increase power losses. Chennai-based provider of uninterrupted power offer (UPS) systems diplomatist Neowatt nowadays declared it's started the world’s largest preparation of lithium-ion UPS answer in province. The firm same it had been provision UPS systems - a tool that gives battery backup once the power fails or drops with lithium-ion battery to power the net Protocol CCTV cameras that were being put in across the state as a part || June 2021 || ELECTRICAL MIR ROR of a government programme for increased safety.

UPS & Batteries

Industry Focus

Sriram Ramakrishnan, chief military officer and administrator, diplomatist Neowatt said: “Our client came to North American country with the demanding demand of an extended life and maintenance-free UPS answer for outside setting to power the CCTV cameras, that area unit contact length and breadth of province.” The company same that the choice to travel with lithium-ion batteries rather than the traditional lead acid batteries was taken keeping in mind the lifetime of the battery in high heat condition and additionally as a result of the lithium-ion battery had a lower weight and smaller footprint compared to steer acid batteries. “The in-house R&D team at diplomatist Neowatt evaluated and selected a lithium-ion battery technology, which might face up to higher close temperatures and has 5 times a lot of cyclic life than valve-regulated lead acid batteries,” Ramakrishnan side. This project needs a 24-hour operation of the cameras put in on poles in key areas across the state that wants an assured power offer. Diplomatist Neowatt was additionally provision high power three-phase UPS for command management centres (CCC) all told the districts of province for this project. All the UPS provided for this project area unit web of things prepared and would be monitored at the district three hundred at the side of the video feed from the informatics CCTV cameras to make sure uninterrupted operations of the cloud-based closed-circuit television, the firm same. If one is getting to purchase a brand new electrical converter battery and is confused regarding the way to choose the most effective electrical converter battery in India, then this is often the proper article to achieve information regarding the choice of an honest electrical converter battery. One doesn’t have to be compelled to be nonplussed any longer regarding the sizes and kinds of electrical converter battery on the market. A thorough analysis has been exhausted order to guide the shoppers for getting the most effective electrical converter battery. It’s forever a tough task to organize a prime list, anyways; an inventory has been ready for the sake of shopper’s Indian agency area unit in a very hurry to shop for the most effective battery for electrical converter like a shot, with no time to analysis on shopping for an applicable battery. Though it should appear a straightforward task to put in writing this text, it's quite herculean task. In modern-day life, inverters area unit established to be essential as we have a tendency to need electricity daily for varied functions. An electrical converter is useful to store the electricity and provide it once there’s no power on the

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market. Within the absence of electricity, inverters play a significant role. The other activity of a rectifier is performed by the electrical converter. Inverters were necessary before too. However they need gained a lot of importance currently thanks to the load shedding downside that is increasing day by day. Providing backup power within the absence of electricity is their main task. The battery provides power to the electrical converter and therefore the electrical converter provides it to the electrical appliances whenever necessary. Thus, it's an awfully handy aid to the appliance. Varied varieties of electrical converters area unit on the market nowadays and other people purchase an inverter just in case of load shedding issues. Once there's no offer of electricity, everything involves a standstill during this present time. Hence, installation of an electrical converter generator is often helpful. An electrical converter is capable of running all devices within the absence of power offer. Electric battery provides power to the electrical converter. Whereas shopping for an electrical converter for home, forever choose the most effective home electrical converter. There’s a requirement to charge the battery because the electrical converter obtains its power from the battery. The car motor should be unbroken running so as to charge the battery. The battery also can be charged with the assistance of gas generator and star panels. There’s additionally another thanks to charge the battery by connecting it to an AC outlet. The energy that is hold on within the battery is remodeled to different power by the facility electrical converter. This power is employed in business moreover as industrial systems. It’s additionally helpful all told sorts of homes and offices. For storing the electricity, an electrical converter wants batteries. Electric battery is a necessary a part of an electrical converter. Several firms within the market area unit manufacturing electrical converter batteries. The most effective electrical converter battery listing varies as per the producing firms. It’s equally necessary to settle on a right battery as selecting electrical converter. The guts of UPS system are its Battery. If a high-end branded electrical converter is hooked up to an affordable battery, then there's a risk of spoiling the lifetime of the branded electrical converter. Even among the pledge amount, non-branded batteries fail at any time. Excessive or low voltage to inverters is given by non-branded batteries, which can go bad the system of UPS. Such batteries area unit sometimes equipped with battery plates of low-quality. Throughout an influence failure, an extended backup isn’t given by the affordable batteries. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

25-26 November 2021 Media Partner

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

UPS & Batteries

Industry Focus

The AH rating in such battery could undoubtedly be faux. Extreme care maintenance is required by these batteries. Reliable batteries area unit ISO certified. While getting batteries for an electrical converter, the hollow batteries ought to be the popular selection. Compared to the opposite sorts, there are a unit slightly a lot of expensive; however they're pricing their prices. Compared to alternative batteries that solely have a life up to four years, hollow batteries have a protracted lifetime of up to eight years. For the batteries to run well, one has to often prime them up with H2O. One should additionally comprehend the pledge that is provided by the manufacturer of the electrical converter a minimum of a minimum pledge of one year is provided by most of the makers. Some makers additionally give specific pledge periods for various spare elements of the electrical converter. One ought to additionally enquire regarding the extended pledge. Before shopping for an electrical converter battery for an electrical converter, one ought to analysis and decide the best electrical converter battery combination.

What to seem for in electrical converter Batteries One should always search for best electrical converter battery brands as a result of guarantee, smart client service/support, and safety area unit offered by the branded electrical converter batteries. Shopping for unbranded electrical converter battery for an electrical converter is going to be the same as card-playing hard-earned money on stocks that area unit

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falling. The unbranded electrical converter battery could look profitable from the value purpose of read. However it'll not be a right product to use in terms of safety and it'd not meet the desired standards. As per the arranged down standards in Asian nation, the merchandise while not Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence mark will increase the expenses thanks to service prices and alternative things. If one needs for an electrical converter battery that has lower maintenance prices, then one ought to choose an electrical converter battery that is Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence approved and marked. Selecting the most effective battery for home use depends on 2 things – the desired capability of the battery and therefore the form of battery required.

India UPS Market: Overview Growing demand from diverse sectors such as IT and IT enabled services (ITeS); banking, financial services and insurance (BFSI); government, manufacturing, telecom, and energy sectors continues to drive the UPS market in India. Government’s initiative to computerize its various departments coupled with ‘The National e-Governance Plan’ is expected to boost the demand for low-end UPS systems through 2025. Increasing demand for high-end UPS is expected to emanate from growing installations of high-end electronic equipment and machineries in industrial set-ups. Increasing penetration of IT/ITES sector in Tier-II & Tier II cities of the country is also anticipated to boost the demand for UPS systems in the coming years. India UPS Market is expected to grow with ||www.electricalmirror.net||

India UPS Market Analysis: By Type

a CAGR over 8% during the forecast period 2018-2025. Growing need for continuous and smooth power supply in various end-use sectors including residential, commercial and industrial, provides a huge growth opportunity for UPS manufacturers in India. Particularly, growing demand from IT/ ITeS, BFSI, government sector, manufacturing, telecom, and energy sectors are expected to drive UPS market in India in the coming years. However, regardless of various government efforts towards increasing power generation over the last decade, there is still a huge mismatch between power supply and demand. Poor power infrastructure and high transmission losses are anticipated to drive demand for UPS systems in India over the forecast period. Growing demand from diverse sectors such as IT and IT enabled services (ITeS); banking, financial services and insurance (BFSI); government, manufacturing, telecom, and energy sectors continues to drive the UPS market in India. Government’s initiative to computerize its various departments coupled with ‘The National e-Governance Plan’ is expected to boost the demand for low-end UPS systems through 2025. Increasing demand for high-end UPS is expected to emanate from growing installations of high-end electronic equipment and machineries in industrial set-ups. Increasing penetration of IT/ITES sector in Tier-II & Tier II cities of the country is also anticipated to boost the demand for UPS systems in the coming years.

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• Online segment is growing significantly with a healthy CAGR during the forecast period. For applications where power losses due to inefficiencies are less of a concern and eliminating the delay from grid power available to back power is paramount, Online (also called Double Conversion) is the only solution. Online systems followed line interactive systems due to its popularity among large organizations and data centers. Moreover, online systems are slightly more expensive considered to line-interactive systems. • Offline/Standby segment is growing significantly with a healthy CAGR during the forecast period. They are the most common type of UPS used for personal computers. The systems are considered as best value for personal workstations, however, for other applications, line interactive and online are better. For backup applications where low cost is critical, it doesn’t matter if the load loses power briefly and backup times are short, an offline solution is adequate, although it will not provide adequate protection against spikes or sags from the grid. • Line Interactive segment is growing significantly with a healthy CAGR during the forecast period. For typical applications where power often needs conditioning but is usually available and very short transfer times from grid to backup power are acceptable and daily energy consumption is a concern, Line Interactive is the preferred solution. These types of UPS systems are demanded by majority of commercial establishments

India UPS Market Analysis: By Application

• The Commercial UPS application is growing at a rapidly with a significant CAGR during the forecast period owing to the growing commercial sectors like public and private offices, restaurants, hospitals, cafes, etc. • The Industrial UPS application is growing with a healthy CAGR during the forecast period due to rapid industrialization. • The Residential UPS application is growing with a healthy CAGR during the forecast period. The growing population is one main driver behind the residential usage of UPS. As people are increasing, the residential areas are also increasing simultaneously, surging the demand for UPS in their homes.

India UPS Market: Competitive Dynamics The India UPS Market is dominated by a number of players, amongst them, the major players are Consul Neowatt Power Solutions Pvt. Ltd, Delta Power Solutions (India) Pvt. Ltd, || June 2021 ||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

UPS & Batteries

Industry Focus

Eaton Power Quality Pvt. Ltd, Emerson Network Power (India) Pvt. Ltd, Hitachi HI-REL Power Electronics Pvt. Ltd, Microtek International Pvt. Ltd, Novateur Electrical & Digital Systems Pvt. Ltd, Schneider Electric IT Business India Pvt. Ltd, Socomec Innovative Power Solutions, Uniline Energy Systems Pvt. Ltd. Companies in this industry are following different strategies to strengthen their market position. Chennai-based supplier of uninterrupted power Supply (UPS) systems Consul Neowatt today announced it has started the world’s largest deployment of lithium-ion UPS solution in Andhra Pradesh. The firm said it was supplying UPS systems -- a device that provides battery backup when the electrical power fails or drops -- with lithium-ion battery to power the Internet Protocol CCTV cameras that were being installed across the state as part of a government programme for enhanced safety. Sriram Ramakrishnan, chief executive officer and managing director, Consul Neowatt said: “Our customer came to us with the stringent requirement of a long life and maintenance-free UPS solution for outdoor environment to power the CCTV cameras, which are spread over length and breadth of Andhra Pradesh.” The company said that the decision to go with lithium-ion batteries instead of the conventional lead acid batteries was taken keeping in mind the life of the battery in high heat condition and also because the lithium-ion battery had a lower weight and smaller footprint compared to lead acid batteries. “The in-house R&D team at Consul Neowatt evaluated and selected a lithium-ion battery technology, which can withstand higher ambient temperatures and has five times more cyclic life than valve-regulated lead acid batteries,” Ramakrishnan added. This project requires a 24-hour operation of the cameras installed on poles in key areas across the state, which an assured power needs supply. Consul Neowatt was also supplying high power three-phase UPS for command control centres (CCC) in all the districts of Andhra Pradesh for this project. All the UPS supplied for this project are Internet of Things ready and would be monitored at the district CCC along with the video feed from the IP CCTV cameras to ensure uninterrupted operations of the cloud-based surveillance system, the firm said. Power supply situation continues to be bad in India with power failures ranging from 2 to 4 hours in cities and 8

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hours or more in small towns and villages. This makes it difficult to manage daily life and thus installing power backups is inevitable. Although there are many solutions to this problem but the most common solution that most people apply in India; is to go for an Inverter-Battery system. However when somebody plans to purchase an inverter, the first question that comes to his/her mind is “which is the best inverter battery or UPS for home in India in 2021?” and how one knows what suits best for its requirements. In this post we will try to answer that question for you. When you think of buying a new inverter, it is important to escape from the marketing gimmicks, and understand some basic related facts, eventually of much help before purchasing an inverter. Selecting the right kind of an inverter/battery system is one such important factor. And not just selecting the right inverter-battery system, it is important to select the right solution that solves your need. In this slightly longish post, we will discuss on various power backup solutions, their pros and cons in different situations.

What are the various alternate power supply solutions?

• Inverter: It is a simple device that stores electricity from the grid in a battery and uses the DC (direct current) power from battery and converts it into AC (alternating current) that is used by appliances. Although interchangeably used, but Inverter and UPS are slightly different and we will explain that later in this post. Inverters are generally good if you want backup for small household appliances like lights, fans, TV, computers, etc. However these days’ bigger inverters can also support Refrigerators, Washing Machines and Mixer Grinders. But then adding these big appliances significantly increases the size of Inverter-Battery system and it is best if one can avoid using them on Inverter. Using inverters for ACs is strictly not suggested. • DG Sets: DG sets use the power of Diesel to generate electricity. They generate instantaneous electricity rather than storing it. They are good for larger loads. So if you want to run ACs, Refrigerators, Motors, etc on power backup, then using DG set can be a good solution. • Solar Power: Solar PV is slowly and steadily gaining popularity and is a great way to generate power backup. Energy from Sunlight is converted into electricity and stored in batteries. However the limitations of Solar Power are similar to that of regular inverters, so they are still not the best solution for bigger loads.

Now we will cover each of them in detail in different sections of this website, but in this article, we will mainly focus on ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Industry Focus

UPS & Batteries

Inverter-battery system.

What about bigger appliances? Appliances like Refrigerator and Air Conditioners have motors in their compressors that need huge amount of current to start (unless you have inverter technology refrigerator or air conditioner). This significantly increases the VA and size requirement for an inverter. A typical 250 lts refrigerator has a compressor which in steady state would consume about 300-350 watts, but just because it needs more current to start up, one would need about 2.5 kVA inverter to support such refrigerator. However because the compressor starts and stops as per the cooling needs, the total energy consumption per day for a refrigerator would only be about 1.5-2 units or kWh per day. So including a refrigerator in the appliance mix increases the size of the inverter significantly, but not of the battery. Also the reason we do not recommend including Air Conditioners on inverters is because the demands of air conditioners is quite high. A 1 ton AC which typically consumes 1000 watts (or 1 kW) would need 3.5 kVA inverter just to manage its starting load. A 1.5 ton AC consumes 1500 watts and needs 5 kVA inverter to manage its load. The electricity consumption of ACs is also quite high, and a 1 ton AC would consume about 0.8-1 unit of electricity in an hour and a 1.5 ton would consume about 1.5 units in an hour. So number of batteries needed also significantly increase if you put AC on inverter. Difference between UPS and Inverter: Although used interchangeably, there is a difference between UPS and Inverter. The basic function and architecture remains the same, but the difference is minor. The difference between a UPS and Inverter lies in the time in which it can switch to battery power when a power cut happens. A UPS can switch to battery power in 3-5 milli seconds, whereas an inverter does it in 100 milli seconds. The choice between the two will depend on how critical is the switching to backup for the appliances that you want to support. For e.g. a desktop computer would need faster switching as you can loose data if it switches off even for a few milli seconds. Even in UPS there are Online and Offline UPS. Online UPS are those in which the power is drawn from the battery irrespective of the availability of power from main line. This makes sure that there is no loss of work even for a few milli seconds when there is a power cut. Offline UPS is one where the power is drawn from battery only when there is power cut. All other times it is drawn from mains.

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Types of Batteries and how to choose one There are 3 types of batteries available in market: Flat Plate, Tubular and Maintenance Free. Without getting too much into details, all we can say is that Tubular Batteries are the best choice for inverters. They may cost slightly more than Flat Plate, but they will last longer. Maintenance Free batteries may sound good, but they have lesser life (4-5 years as compared to 7-8 years of a tubular battery). But the most important thing to run batteries for a longer times is to make sure that it is topped (filled) with distilled or RO water frequently and the fluid levels are maintained. What would be the cost of 500 VA inverter and 100 AH battery? The cost of an inverter with 500 VA would be around Rs. 3,000 and for 100 AH battery would be approximately Rs. 10,000. Therefore, if you are looking for an inverter with 500 VA and 100 AH battery, it would cost you around Rs. 13,000. Why not go online to search and compare the best deals and save the money that you may have to pay to the middle man, the quality of products and warranty is same and since now some of the e-commerce sites are providing the options of cash on delivery, there is no need to worry more about the delivery. Efficiency of Inverter/battery system Inverters are not 100% efficient and thus running the same appliances on inverter would cost you about 25% more. But DG sets will be slightly more expensive (which is about 33% more). Inverters use some energy to drive its electronics and cooling fan. Battery uses additional energy during the process of charging and discharging. All this energy is wasted as heat energy. It is in the order of 8% during no load and goes up to 20% during full load. This inefficiency is generally taken care by the manufacturer and the rating mentioned is what is at the output terminal. Therefore, energy efficiency is generally not taken into account. EM

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Thermal Camera

Industry Feature

Thermal imaging cameras are sophisticated devices that process the captured image || June 2021 ||

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Thermal Imaging Systems and COVID-19 • When used correctly, thermal imaging systems generally have been shown to accurately measure someone’s surface skin temperature without being physically close to the person being evaluated. Thermal imaging systems offer certain benefits in that other methods need a closer proximity or contact to measure temperature (for example, non-contact infrared thermometers or oral thermometers). • Temperature-based screening, such as thermal imaging, is not effective at determining if someone definitively has COVID-19 because, among other things, a person with COVID-19 may not have a fever. A diagnostic test must be performed to determine if someone has COVID-19. • Thermal imaging systems have not been shown to be accurate when used to take the temperature of multiple people at the same time. The accuracy of these systems depends on careful set-up and operation, as well as proper preparation of the person being evaluated. • Thermal imaging systems have been used by several countries during epidemics, although information about their effectiveness as part of efforts to reduce the spread of disease has been mixed. • The FDA issued the Enforcement Policy for Telethermographic Systems During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Public Health Emergency guidance to help expand the availability of thermal imaging systems and mitigate thermometer shortages during the public health emergency. The guidance sets forth an enforcement policy that is intended to apply to all thermal imaging systems that are intended for medical purposes for the duration of

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Industry Feature

Thermal Camera

the public health emergency related to COVID-19, and provides recommendations regarding performance and labeling of such systems.

correct for this difference in measurements. • These systems work effectively only when all the following are true:

Benefits of Thermal Imaging Systems

• The person who handles the thermal imaging system is not required to be physically close to the person being evaluated. In fact, the person who handles the thermal imaging system could be in a different area or room. • The thermal imaging system may measure surface skin temperature faster than the typical forehead or oral (mouth) thermometer that requires a close distance or physical contact with the person being evaluated. • Scientific studies show that, when used correctly, thermal imaging systems generally measure surface skin temperature accurately. Limitations of Thermal Imaging Systems • Although these systems may be in use for initial temperature assessment to triage individuals in high throughput areas (for example, airports, businesses and sporting events), the systems have not been shown to be effective when used to take the temperature of multiple people at the same time. They should not be used for "mass fever screening." • These systems measure surface skin temperature, which is usually lower than a temperature measured orally. Thermal imaging systems must be adjusted properly to

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1. The systems are used in the right environment or location. 2. The systems are set up and operated correctly. 3. The person being assessed is prepared according to instructions. 4. The person handling the thermal imaging system is properly trained.

Proper Use of Thermal Imaging Systems

The person who handles the system should follow all manufacturer instructions to make sure the system is set up properly and located where it can measure surface skin temperature accurately. The person who handles the system should be trained to properly prepare both the location where the system will be used, and the person being evaluated, to increase accuracy. For details, see the standards and scientific papers listed under References below.

Preparing the Area where You will Use a Thermal Imaging System • Room temperature should be 68-76 °F (20-24 °C) and relative humidity 10-50 percent.

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• Try to control other items that could impact the temperature measurement: 1. Avoid reflective backgrounds (for example, glass, mirrors, metallic surfaces) to minimize reflected infrared radiation. 2. Use in a room with no draft (movement of air), out of direct sunlight and away from radiant heat (for example, portable heaters, electrical sources). 3. Avoid strong lighting (for example, incandescent, halogen and quartz tungsten halogen light bulbs). To limit the spread of the highly contagious COVID-19 virus, many businesses across the globe have deployed social distancing requirements, stringent cleaning protocols and capacity limitations as part of their plan to safely reopen. Even with these measures in place, retailers, office complexes and educational facilities are recognizing that technology will also play a critical role to help identify individuals who may have the virus even before that person enters the premises. This is where thermal imaging camera systems play a pivotal role, with casinos, retailers and manufacturing facilities among the first to invest in and deploy this solution to help them to proactively detect an elevated temperature in visitors or employees prior to entry. Many more businesses are expected to follow suit in the coming weeks and months, as they look for additional measures to reduce the spread of the virus and to safely reopen in a COVID-19 world. Thermal surveillance has been part of the traditional physical ||www.electricalmirror.net||

security and outdoor perimeter detection portfolio for years. This surveillance systems work by picking up heat emitted by an object or a person and can detect vehicles or individuals in a predetermined area. It is especially useful in the dark, when a traditional surveillance system might be limited in its detection capabilities due to limited light sources. With the spread of COVID-19, the security industry quickly began to look at how security solutions, and specifically thermal imaging cameras systems, could be leveraged as part of the reopening plan for businesses and schools. Thermal imaging camera systems with a blackbody temperature calibration device offer a more accurate solution that also provides a higher throughput of people for scanning, as well as the ability to locally and remotely monitor and manage alerts. They also integrate with other technologies, such as a turnstiles, physical access control systems and intrusion devices. The combination makes this type of solution ideal for facilities that require a first line of defense in high traffic areas or when rapid people flow is essential - commercial office buildings during morning rush hour, transit stations or manufacturing plants during shift changes. Systems that incorporate a blackbody device typically employ a dual sensor camera, which has a visual sensor and a thermal sensor built into the camera, along with a separate blackbody device. The blackbody device is an integral part of thermal imaging as it relates to detecting elevated skin temperature scanning as it provides the ongoing calibration of the infrared temperature sensor for a higher degree of accuracy. It also helps maintain thermal equilibrium through its management of radiation while providing a near-perfect temperature source, preventing the temperature readings from being influenced by a common issue of thermal sensors called drift. Throughput is also an important consideration for businesses to take into account. Achieving effective throughput, through a turnstile or a busy main entry door with card reader, requires a single person at a time to be able to walk through without stopping. To ensure a high level of accuracy and to maintain proper resolutions with a thermal imaging camera system, an interval of two to four seconds between each person is required. Depending on how many people need to be processed, elevated skin detection cameras can be deployed at multiple lanes to accommodate anticipated traffic – between 15 and a maximum of 30 individuals per minute can be processed by a camera-black body pair while achieving medical grade accuracy in line with IEC 80601-2-59:2017 standards when using compliant devices and proper installation. Systems that provide a variety of alerting capabilities can provide a high level of flexibility for organizations incorporating elevated skin temperature into their new health and safety operations. || June 2021 ||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Thermal Camera

Industry Feature

While a vast majority of users will deploy a thermal solution with local monitoring, alerting and response, some systems also feature integrations with video management systems for remote monitoring and management. VMS integration can also prove a valuable tool for automated contagion reporting for contact tracing, controlling access through the VMS and PACS integration and activating an organization’s event response protocols. For local monitoring and response, some thermal imaging cameras may include a built-in speaker for configurable audible alerts. These alerts can be customized in response to detecting a temperature variation beyond the norm. The audible alert can announce or alert that a temperature alert has been detected and instruct an individual to proceed to a second scanning area or to stay in place while the appropriate person responds. Installing thermal imaging cameras for scanning elevated skin temperatures will soon become the new normal as more and more companies migrate back to the workplace. Businesses should follow best practices with the installation, deployment and usage following standards of these devices, to achieve the optimal success and the best possible accuracy in elevated skin temperature scanning. Thermal imaging cameras are devices that translate thermal energy (heat) into visible light in order to analyze a particular object or scene. The image produced is known as a thermogram and is analyzed through a process called thermography. Thermal imaging cameras are sophisticated devices that process the captured image and display it on a screen. These images can be used for immediate diagnosis or processed through specialized software for further evaluation, accuracy and report output. Thermal imaging cameras take measuring temperature to the next level; instead of getting a number for the temperature you get a picture showing the temperature differences of a surface.

What Do Thermal Imaging Cameras See?

Visible light is what we see around us every day. It is the only part of the electromagnetic spectrum that we can see. Visible light only takes up a small area in the electromagnetic spectrum and infrared radiation (IR) represents a larger percentage. If we want to see what’s going on in other parts of the spectrum we need specialized equipment. All objects absorb, reflect and sometimes transmit energy at different levels. Different materials will give off heat or cold energy at different rates. It’s this energy that can be detected by infrared equipment and displayed as images.

Thermal Imaging Camera Applications and Uses

Originally developed for military use during the Korean War, thermal imaging cameras have migrated into other fields and have found many uses. Firefighters use them to see through smoke, find people and localize hotspots of fires. 70

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Law enforcement uses the technology to manage surveillance activities, locate and apprehend suspects, investigate crime scenes and conduct search and rescue operations. Power line maintenance technicians locate overheating joints and parts to eliminate potential failures. Where thermal insulation becomes faulty, building construction technicians can see heat leaks to improve the efficiencies of cooling or heating. Physiological activities, such as fever, in human beings and other warm-blooded animals can also be monitored with thermographic imaging. They are also common tools used by home inspectors.

Thermal Imaging Camera Features

Thermal imaging cameras can be purchased with the bare minimum of features that only read the temperature of the fixed center crosshairs on the display or with multiple features that allow the user to select multiple moveable crosshairs and draw comparisons between them to show the high, low and average temperatures on the display. Thermal imaging cameras have user-selectable multiple color palettes, such as black/white, iron or rainbow. The iron palette is most commonly used by home inspectors. The black/white palette helps identify details on an image, and the rainbow palette has the best thermal sensitivity for displaying the differences in temperature. See sample images below of some color palettes.

What to Look for in a Thermal Imaging Camera?

There are a number of components that contribute to both the quality and the cost of a thermal imaging camera. The two most important factors are the detector resolution and the thermal sensitivity. The detector resolution describes the number of pixels. The most common resolutions are 160 x 120, 320 x 240 and 640 x 480 pixels. A 320 x 240 detector produces an image composed of 76,800 pixels. Since each pixel has a temperature associated with it that is 76,800 temperature data points. Higher resolutions also produce visibly clearer images. Thermal sensitivity is the smallest temperature difference the camera can detect. A sensitivity of 0.05° means the camera can distinguish between two surfaces with only a five-hundredths of a degree temperature difference. Another important factor to consider is the thermal imaging camera’s temperature range. The range tells what the minimum and maximum temperatures are that the camera can measure (-4°F to 2200°F is typical). To obtain the best thermal image to analyze, there are four adjustments that can be made to most cameras: focus, emissivity setting changes, reflective temperature setting changes and thermal tuning. Each of these adjustments must be considered when selecting a thermal imaging camera. Just like a standard camera, the lens of the thermal imaging ||www.electricalmirror.net||

camera needs to be focused to enhance the clarity of the image. Most cameras can be focused by twisting the lens. More sophisticated cameras have a push-button focus. Emissivity is the amount of radiation emitted from an object compared to that of a perfect emitter of radiation when both are at the same temperature. Adjusting the emissivity is important when taking temperature measurements or when comparing the temperatures of two different objects. Not all cameras allow the user to input reflective temperature. The reflective temperature setting allows the user to compensate for surrounding objects’ temperature reflecting on an object. Just like emissivity, reflective temperature is important when taking temperature measurements or comparing two objects’ temperatures. Not all cameras allow the user to input reflective temperature. Thermal tuning the camera involves adjusting the span or temperature range that the camera sees while in manual viewing mode. Manual mode allows the user to adjust the span to a desired range, and the camera will always display this temperature range. Using the manual mode is best when used to bring out temperature differences of the object being viewed.

Thermal Imaging Camera Limitations

Because thermal energy can be reflected off shiny surfaces, thermal imaging cameras cannot see through glass. Thermal imaging cameras can be used to gather information about the inside of a wall, but they cannot see through walls. It is also important to know that thermal imaging cameras should not be used as the only deciding factor that a problem exists. Using other instruments should always be used to confirm the problem.

The History of Thermal Imaging Cameras

Thermal imaging goes all the manner back to 1800 once infrared was discovered as a type of radiation on the far side red lightweight. Whereas infrared technology has several uses its most notable for thermal imaging cameras. A typical camera captures the sunshine we will see with our eyes, however a thermal camera captures “invisible” infrared emission, creating technology like vision spectacles attainable. The first thermal camera is nearly a hundred years previous, and it spent a lot of its youth utilized in the wars of the 20th century. But today, they’re home items. Anyone can purchase a camera with a thermal imaging sensing element for simply some hundred greenbacks and use it as a hobby or recreation. Thermal Cameras Thermal imaging may be a methodology of raising the visibility of objects during a dark atmosphere by detection the objects' infrared and making a picture supported that data. Thermal imaging, near-infrared illumination, low-light imaging ||www.electricalmirror.net||

and square measure the 3 most ordinarily used visual sense technologies. In contrast to the opposite 2 strategies, thermal imaging works in environments with none close light-weight. Like near-infrared illumination, thermal imaging will penetrate obscurants like smoke, fog and haze. Here's a quick rationalization of however thermal imaging works: All objects emit infrared energy (heat) as an operator of their temperature. The infrared energy emitted by Associate in nursing object is understood as its heat signature. In general, the warmer Associate the nursing object is the additional radiation it emits. A thermal imager (also referred to as a thermal camera) is actually a heat sensing element that's capable of detection little variations in temperature. The device collects the infrared from objects within the scene Associate in Nursing creates a picture supported data regarding the temperature variations. As a result of objects square measure seldom exactly constant temperature as alternative objects around them, a thermal camera will notice them and that they can seem as distinct during a thermal image.

11 options to seem for in thermal imaging software package

Robust desktop and itinerant software package is a vital side of infrared scrutiny workflows. The software package will facilitate enhance and clarify pictures, add analysis and share professionallooking reports in applications spanning mechanical, electrical, equipment and building medicine and additional. It’s necessary to notice that analyzing thermo graphic mental imagery accurately needs special coaching to require under consideration emissivity of objects and alternative factors which will influence temperature measurements by infrared cameras. Just as skilled photographers use a software package to show pictures into beautiful works appropriate for a business enterprise or widespread sharing, thermographers use software package as a tool to investigate so enhance and fine-tune thermal pictures that the data will be shared with manager’s and others. Smart software package absolutely utilizes the radiometric knowledge

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Thermal Camera

Industry Feature

provided by the camera’s detector to urge the foremost out of the image or video. In addition, the user will import pictures directly from associate degree infrared camera’s memory or a removable storage device like associate degree SD or small SD. once evaluating software package to use with associate degree infrared camera, specialists advocate you make sure the software package includes these necessary features: Multiple images or video formats – method and export pictures in multiple file formats such a .jpg, .tiff, .bmp, .gif or .avi similarly as proprietary formats which will faucet additional knowledge for advanced analyses. Fluke infrared cameras will save in is 2 formats, for example, for additional image process and analysis in good view software package and pictures, will be exported from this software package to several unremarkably used file formats. You’ll conjointly like better to export the temperature knowledge from the image to CSV or XLS format for additional analysis. Edit and manipulate pictures – Modify level and span, amendment emissivity, add markers, highlight boxes, reference pictures and colour alarms. Combine visible radiation and infrared pictures – Modify and mix visible and infrared pictures so as to higher find potential drawback areas. This is often the IR Fusion feature in Fluke software package. Live viewing and sharing of infrared pictures or video – Read streaming knowledge from your camera on your smart phone or pc. This is often accessible via the Fluke Connect mobile app on some models, as an example. Share pictures in a period of time across the net for viewing by remote team members. Remotely management your infrared camera - Some software package helps you to activate motor vehicle focus or capture pictures and alternative functions while not touching the camera, which may be valuable in doubtless venturous areas or tough applications.

Create example or custom reports – Best-in-class software package adds choices for building and customizing reports to export in .pdf or .docx formats for sharing. 3-dimensional analysis – A capability of higher software package programs for thermal image analysis, viewing infrared pictures from totally different views helps eliminate false positives and supports the identification of extra drawback areas. Fluke’s 3D analysis capability is named 3D-IR. Side-by-side comparison – Necessary to prognostic maintenance, side-by-side comparisons of pictures taken at totally different Times Square measure enclosed within the Fluke Connect software package platforms plus Health dashboard. Change colour palette – Management colours within the image so as to form heat or cold simply apparent or hold grey scale. Annotations – Add text, audio, and extra visible radiation pictures to assist add all necessary data regarding associate degree application. Categorize and catalogue pictures – Tools to reason, tag or catalogue thermal pictures and go together with instrumentality. This feature is made into Fluke Connect Assets software package.

ADVANTAGES

Thermal cameras let individuals see what their eyes can’t: invisible heat radiation emitted or mirrored by all objects, no matter lighting conditions. A number of the best advantages of thermal imaging are available in the domain of security. Security cameras became a staple of protection for several (if not all) major businesses across the country, and in such a landscape, the necessity to supply quality pictures is vital to supply constant protection against potential intruders. Thermal cameras provide superior protection in difficult conditions. 1. Low-Light Situations 2. resistant to Visual Limitations 3. Camouflaging Foliage 4. Fewer False Alarms

Survey

Thermal cameras square measure passive sensors that capture the actinic radiation emitted by all objects with a temperature on top of temperature. This sort of camera was originally developed as a police investigation and visual sense tool for the military, however recently the value has born, considerably gap up a broader field of applications. Deploying this sort of detector in vision systems eliminates the illumination issues of traditional grayscale and RGB cameras. This survey provides an outline of the present applications of thermal cameras. Applications embrace animals, agriculture, buildingsand gas detection, industrial and military applications, similarly as detection, tracking and recognition of humans. Moreover, this survey describes the character of thermal radiation and therefore 72

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Thermal Camera

Industry Feature

the technology of thermal cameras. Global Infrared Thermal Camera Market 2018 New Trends – Agiltron, Raytheon, FLIR Systems opposition, Sofradir Europe Fior Markets recently disclosed a brand new report titled international Infrared Thermal Camera Market Insights, Forecast to 2025 that speaks regarding a whole item review Associate in nursing its degree within the market to tell apart the key terms additionally as providing the shoppers with an all-comprising thought of the market and its tendencies. The report offers an entire geographical segmentation read of the Infrared Thermal Camera market alongside the assessment of the trade driving it. The report enlists all necessary market updates additionally as technological updates. An aim of this report is to capture the mindshare of our target market. Likewise, the market report contains key esteems and realities of the sales advertise concerning volume, deals and its development rate, profit and its development rate. The report additionally holds regions and country wise development standing which has market size, market share, volume and price. For every geographical regional market, product evaluation and profit analysis are performed and provide and demand statistics additionally as region-wise growth veteran by the market is obtainable within the report. This elaborated study can document four important components of the Infrared Thermal Camera market i.e., the key market players, soul usage, the merchandise divisions, and also the geographical divisions. Major Regions play important role in market are: North America, us, Canada, Mexico, Asia-Pacific, China, India, Japan, Republic of Korea, Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Europe, Germany, France, UK, Italy, Russia, remainder of Europe, Central & South America, Brazil, remainder of South America, geographic area, GCC Countries, Turkey, Egypt, Republic of South Africa, remainder of geographic area Major Players in Infrared Thermal Camera market are: Agiltron, Raytheon,

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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FLIR Systems opposition., Sofradir Europe, Inc., AIM, L-3 CE, N.E.P., Teledyne, NIT, DALIInfrared Thermal Camera Using Thermal Cameras for Testing Solar Panels Quality assurance is of elementary importance for star panels. The failure-free operation of the panels may be a requirement for economic power generation, long life, and a high come back on the investment. To confirm this failure-free operation a quick, easy and reliable methodology to gauge a star panel's performance is needed, each throughout the assembly method and once the panel has been put in. This technical note illustrates however thermo graphic scrutiny of electrical phenomenon systems, like star panels, permits the quick localization of potential defects at the cell and module level additionally because of the detection of doable electrical interconnection issues. Further, not like alternative strategies, thermal inspections are also meted out beneath traditional operative conditions over giant areas and doesn’t need a system pack up. Thermal imaging cameras are already a longtime R&D tool for the analysis of star cells and panels. For these refined measurements, typically superior cameras with cooled detectors, used beneath controlled laboratory conditions. This technical note demonstrates that the employment of thermal imaging cameras for electrical device analysis needn't be restricted to the sector of analysis. The authors show however the most recent generation of FLIR uncooled thermal imaging cameras are presently being employed for electrical device internal control before installation and regular prophetical maintenance check-ups once the panel has been put in. The technical note concludes that scrutiny with a brand new generation uncooled hand-held thermal imaging camera, beginning with the standard management within the installation section, followed by regular check-ups facilitates complete and easy system condition observation. This thermal imaging scrutiny protocol has been shown to assist to keep up the star panels' practicality and to increase their lifespan. Victimization thermal imaging cameras for electrical device inspections can thus drastically improve the operative company’s come back on investment. Railways scraps thermal cameras tender after firms allege advantage China The railways has scrapped a tender for thermal cameras meant for ‘Covid surveillance’ after Indian firms alleged that the tender specifications favoured a Chinese company. In June, Railtel, the railways’ telecom arm, had issued a tender for thermal temperature screening AI-based surveillance cameras for assistance in Covid-19 surveillance. The government company ||www.electricalmirror.net||

has decided to issue a fresh tender after the controversy. “EOI for selection of partner for thermal temperature screening solution to RCIL’s customers stands cancelled with immediate effect. Fresh EOI will be published soon,” a notice by the PSU said. This comes at a time when the Indian government has banned 59 apps, mostly having Chinese links, saying they were “engaged in activities prejudicial to sovereignty and integrity of India”. India and China are involved in a tense border stand-off along the Line of Actual Control in Ladakh. A brutal brawl in Galwan Valley on June 15 led to 20 Indian and an unspecified number of Chinese soldiers dead. In a letter written to Railtel, one of the vendors said the pre-qualification criteria laid down for the OEM & bidder has some anomalies and ambiguities. Hindustan Times has seen a copy. “Even after the release of the latest corrigendum (on June 23) the department has some ambiguities too in technical specifications. Specifications issued are biased to Chinese OEM i.e. Hikvision, Specs clearly mentioned DeepinMind technology which is a proprietary feature of Hikvision NVRs,” the letter said. Indian firms have alleged that artificial intelligence technology - DeepInMind - which is specified in the tender is a proprietary feature of Chinese firm Hikvision, a company partly owned by the Chinese government. According to Hikvision’s technology, Network Video Recorder (NVR) has a “mind” of its own and can analyse and classify human and vehicle targets from video streams. Under the specifications mentioned in the tender for temperature screening with facial recognition and mask detection, Railtel mentioned “Special interface in DeepinMind NVR.” The specifications for the cameras include temperature screening

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with facial recognition and mask detection, simultaneous temperature screening for multiple persons, detecting whether people wear masks and giving timely alarms on people without masks. While the initial tender for these cameras issued on June 9 excluded a crucial specification called “black body” temperature - the ability of the cameras to accurately measure temperatures emitted by a person to say whether a person has fever or not - and the DeepinMind technology specification, they were included in the revised tender issued on June 23.

Railtel had floated the tender to purchase around 800 such camera systems.

Hindustan Times had on November 10 last year reported the national carrier is planning a complete overhaul of security at railway stations through the use of facial recognition technology backed by artificial intelligence. It also planned to link the facial recognition system (FRS) with existing databases such as the Crime and Criminal Tracking Network & Systems (CCTNS) to identify criminals prowling railway stations.

Conclusion

Thermal imaging has been successfully used for medical diagnosis of vascular disorders. The temperature in the affected regions of patients with vascular disorders was low in the extremities due to obstructed arteries. However, in some areas it showed 0.7 to 1°C higher temperature than the normal areas due to inflammation and venous flow alteration. In general the thermal image findings were in good agreement with the clinical findings. However, the areas showing higher temperature contrast were noted not to be obvious in the clinical examination. This study demonstrates the usefulness of thermal imaging for medical diagnostics, with high reliability. EM

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Substation Equipment

Special Feature

New Substations Are Helping Close The Electricity Gap In India

An electrical substation is a subsidiary station of an electricity generation, transmission and distribution system where voltage is transformed from high to low or the reverse using transformers. Electric power may flow through several substations between generating plant and consumer, and may be changed in voltage in several steps. A substation that has a step-up transformer increases the voltage while decreasing the current, while a step-down transformer decreases the voltage while increasing the current for domestic and commercial distribution. The word substation comes from the days before the distribution system became a grid. The first substations were connected to only one power station where the generator was housed, and were subsidiaries of that power station.

Equipment in substation Substations generally have switching, protection and control equipment and one or more transformers. In a large substation, circuits breakers are used to interrupt any short-circuit or overload currents that may occur on the network. Smaller distribution stations may use recloser circuit breakers or fuses for protection of distribution circuits. Substations do not usually have generators, although a power plant may have a substation nearby. Other devices such as power factor correction capacitors and voltage regulators may also be located at a substation. High-rise buildings may have several indoor substations. Indoor substations are usually found in urban areas to reduce the noise from the transformers, for reasons of appearance, or to protect switchgear from extreme climate or pollution conditions. Where a substation has a metallic fence, it must be properly grounded (UK: earthed) to protect people from high voltages

Substation Equipment

Special Feature

that may occur during a fault in the network. A Strong and Smart Grid is the development direction and established target of future grid in China. In respect that Smart Substation is the principal foundation and support of Smart Grid, the research on key technologies about Smart substations has attracted an increasing amount of attention in the recent years. In this paper, we demonstrate the latest concept, strategy and objective of State Grid for the development of smart substation. Meanwhile, we present our latest research on technologies in Smart Substation. In recent times, Indian Electrical Distribution sector has witnessed advances and new trends in technology to cope up with the competitive market. Distribution Transformer is the integral part of the Power Distribution System. It is used as last mile connectivity to the consumer. These transformers are generally located in the vicinity of the consumer, in public area like Markets, Malls, Traffic Junctions and consumer premise. Conventional Substations usually occupies more space as all the equipments are required to be installed separately. In Metro cities, availability of space for establishing last mile connectivity is very feeble and costly. Also, it is important that the transformers installed are Safe and Environment friendly. Keeping in view of these requirements and call of Technology advancement, Tata Power has developed new Three phase Pad Mounted Transformers in collaboration with

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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the Original Equipment manufacture’s. Three phase compact Pad mounted Transformer is combination of Transformer, HV and LV switchgear enclosed in a single metallic enclosure. Due to which the space required for individual equipment with standard statutory clearances are reduced which leads to the total reduction of foot print required. 2015, Central Board of Irrigation and Power. All rights reserved. Distribution substation is a substation from which electric supply is distributed to the different users. In a substation there are numbers of incoming and outgoing circuits each having its isolator, circuit breaker, transformers etc. connected to bus-bar system. Digitization and automation have been focus areas for the Indian power grid over the last decade. During this period, the Power Grid Corp. of India Ltd. (POWERGRID), the central transmission utility for India, deployed IEC 61850-based grid substation automation in more than 100 substations across the country. The IEC standard defines a common communication protocol among intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) produced by different manufacturers to achieve extensive interoperability when installed on transmission system protection and control schemes. However, IEC 61850 is not just a protocol; it has changed how power systems are controlled, protected and monitored. Located in the Indian state of West Bengal, Ramnagar is a ||www.electricalmirror.net||

small town just a few miles from quiet beaches and windswept dunes lining the Bay of Bengal. While those nearby coastal towns (some 100 miles southwest of Kolkata) attract beachloving tourists, they’re nowhere near as popular as other Indian beach destinations, such as Goa. One of the reasons: The area doesn’t have reliable electricity. India has made great strides in expanding access to electricity over the past decade, but it still has a ways to go. By December 2020, Ramnagar and two other towns in the state will house new electricity transmission substations that will feed reliable power to surrounding areas, helping them grow tourism and manufacturing and improving the quality of life for their residents. Substations are a key part of the electrical grid. Like exits on a highway, they take the high-voltage current produced at power plants, often located far away, and step it down so that it can be sent out over local transmission lines into homes and businesses. The substations dominant in India are large, outdoor stations with wires connecting transformers, circuit breakers and disconnect switches. In these substations, wires must be kept a certain distance apart; the air in between them essentially acts as an insulator, preventing dangerous arcs from forming between the wires and sparking fires. Because air-insulated substations are open to the elements, ||www.electricalmirror.net||

they’re prone to damage in heavy storms, like the strong cyclones that blow into the Bay of Bengal. Heavy wind can break transmission lines, while flooding can damage equipment and cause the entire substation to lose power. One way to deal with the problem is indoor substations where all of the electrical components are sealed inside a gas-filled container. Because the gas insulates the wires, they can be closer together — allowing engineers to shrink the substation’s footprint by more than a third. That’s a bonus in crowded urban areas where land is at a premium, says Debraj Mallick, who leads the commercial team for the Eastern India region at GE Renewable Energy’s Grid Solutions business, which designed the technology. GE is supplying the substation to the West Bengal State Electricity Transmission Company, the largest transmission network operator in the state. Gas-insulated substations can also help India deal with another ongoing problem in improving the country’s energy infrastructure: transmission loss. West Bengal’s growing use of smaller, gas-insulated substations like the one in Ramnagar which can be located close to the sites that need power will reduce losses significantly. GE was the first company to bring gas-insulated substations to India in 2008. Little more than a decade later, GE now manufactures almost all the parts needed for these plants in India. Mallick expects GE to continue to help bring electricity to remote areas in India, with projected growth of 8% to 10% in GE’s substation business in India in the years ahead. That statistic may not register with the barefoot beachgoers or with West Bengal’s new generation of industrialists, but it does with Mallick: “As the power situation improves, it will make it easier for business and tourism here.” EM

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Renewable Energy

Industry Theme

Power & Solar is now by far the lowest-cost source of new energy in India

The primary objective for deploying renewable energy in India is to advance economic development, improve energy security, improve access to energy, and mitigate climate change. Sustainable development is possible by use of sustainable energy and by ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for citizens. Strong government support and the increasingly opportune economic situation have pushed India to be one of the top leaders in the world’s most attractive renewable energy markets. The government has designed policies, programs, and a liberal environment to attract foreign investments to ramp up the country in the renewable energy market at a rapid rate. It is anticipated that the renewable energy sector can create a large number of domestic jobs over the following years. This paper aims to present significant achievements, prospects, projections, generation of electricity, as well as challenges and investment and employment opportunities due to the development of renewable energy in India. In this review, we have identified the various obstacles faced by the renewable sector. The recommendations based on the review outcomes will provide useful information for policymakers, innovators, project developers, investors, industries, associated stakeholders and departments, researchers, and scientists. The Indian government implemented one of the most stringent coronavirus lockdowns in the world. With just a few hours’ notice, all 1.3 billion people in the country were ordered to stay at home for several weeks. Ongoing restrictions to limit the spread of the virus crippled economic activity. Businesses closed. Workers fled from cities. And India’s clean energy

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Industry Theme

Renewable Energy

"Despite the pandemic, there has been a slew of challenges for coal mining and generation, and the government is becoming clearer that energy transition is on track even as the economic recovery continues to take shape,” said Aarti Khosla, founder and director of Climate Trends, a Delhi-based strategic communications initiative, and former communication lead for WWF India. “The energy transition is gathering speed,” she said. “It's no more a question of if the transition will happen or not. It's only a question of what the pace of the transition will be.”

transition was put on pause. Looking back, however, 2020 proved to be a decisive year for clean energy in India. Bids for new solar projects hit record lows last year, affirming that coal is no longer the cheapest source of electricity. The country awarded landmark supply contracts for flexible renewable power, an important step in addressing the limitations of intermittent wind and solar. Cheap renewables were favored on the grid last year, which caused coal use to fall as energy demand plummeted amid the economic slowdown. Stimulus measures for utilities, an extension to project commissioning deadlines, and domestic solar manufacturing initiatives also helped to bolster the outlook for renewables. But while the renewable energy industry endured a turbulent 2020, coal remains the dominant player in India’s electricity mix. With power demand expected to triple by 2040 as India’s population continues to achieve upward mobility, fossil fuels are poised to see continued growth even as the clean energy market thrives. Two burning questions for India and the world are how fast the use of renewables and related clean energy technologies can scale, and to what extent can they mitigate the increase in fossil fuel use. As the second-largest coal-producing and -consuming country on earth and the third-largest emitter of greenhouse gases, India’s transition from carbon-intensive resources is a critical front in the global climate change fight. Challenges lie ahead, but there may be cause for optimism. As the country grapples with the intertwined issues of air pollution, water scarcity and energy security, along with energy access and affordability, experts say they’re starting to see a future for India where coal will no longer be king.

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Modi: India on track to "exceed" its renewable targets Speaking at the United Nations Climate Ambition Summit in mid-December, Prime Minister Narendra Modi declared that India is on track to reach, and ultimately exceed, its ambitious renewable energy targets. “India has reduced its emission intensity by 21 percent over 2005 levels,” he said at the virtual event, which marked five years since the adoption of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. “Our renewable energy capacity is the fourth largest in the world. It will reach 175 gigawatts before 2022.” India’s total installed capacity of renewable energy, not including hydropower, currently stands at 90 gigawatts. According to a year-end review by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, another 49.59 gigawatts of renewable energy capacity is under installation, and an additional 27.41 gigawatts of capacity has been tendered. This puts the total capacity of renewable energy projects already commissioned or in the pipeline at nearly 167 gigawatts. Modi recently announced that he expects the country’s clean energy capacity to reach 220 gigawatts by 2022 with the inclusion of hydropower besting the country’s 175-gigawatt target. India has an even more ambitious target of 450 gigawatts of renewable energy capacity by 2030. By that year, the government wants to meet half of the country's power demand with renewable energy resources. “India is not only on track to achieve Paris targets but to exceed them beyond your expectations,” Modi said at the climate summit last month. While leadership reaffirmed the country’s lofty goals, the pace of renewable energy deployment in India slowed significantly in 2020. Solar installations in the first nine months of the year totaled 1.73 gigawatts, marking a 68 percent decline from the same period in 2019, according to Mercom India Research. Wind installations also fell dramatically. Still, India’s renewables industry weathered the market turbulence. Central and state governments took steps to ||www.electricalmirror.net||

support the domestic clean energy sector last year, which have put low-carbon energy resources in a position to see continued growth and claim a greater share of India’s coal-heavy power system.

Record-low solar bids and "must-run" status One key action the Modi government took to bolster clean energy in 2020 was to grant wind and solar projects “mustrun” status, which means that their power cannot be curtailed except in conditions that would compromise grid stability. Renewables were insulated from the decline in electricity demand as a result, while coal plants took a major hit. During the 2019/2020 fiscal year, the average coal-fired power plant ran just 55.5 percent of the time, according to the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA). In April 2020, the average Indian coal-fired power plant operated at just 40 percent capacity utilization, creating inefficiencies and ultimately increasing the cost of production. In addition to granting renewables must-run status through the pandemic, the government launched multiple tenders for new renewable energy projects to meet India’s future energy demand. Not only did the auctions continue but the country also saw a series of record-low solar bids. Last month, a 500-megawatt solar auction held by utility Gujarat Urja Vikas Nigam Limited set a new record for the lowest price in India of INR 1.99 ($0.0269) per kilowatt-hour. The latest auction results narrowly beat a record set just a few weeks prior. In late November, state-owned Solar Energy Corporation of India announced the outcome of a 1.07-gigawatt solar auction in Rajasthan that attracted bids of

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INR 2 ($0.0270) per kilowatt-hour from Saudi Arabia-based Aljomaih Energy and Water Co. and Sembcorp Energy’s India arm Green Infra Wind Energy Ltd. These recent historic bids are 15 percent lower than the previous Indian record of INR 2.36 ($0.032) per kilowatt-hour, submitted by Spanish developer Solarpack in an auction held earlier in the year. In addition, developers set a new record for solar-wind hybrid projects, quoting a price of INR 2.41 ($0.0326) per kilowatt-hour. “Solar is now by far the lowest-cost source of new energy in India,” said Tim Buckley, director of energy finance studies for Australia and South Asia for IEEFA. Solar is helping to meet the country’s objective of making power affordable to low-income residents, he said. But that is far from the only benefit. “India's economy is going to see its energy consumption double over the next decade or two, and they want to enhance energy security, which means they want to ideally use domestic energy supplies,” said Buckley. “They also have a massive air pollution problem, so they want to reduce the air pollution issues. They have a massive water security issue, too…so they want to use energy sources that are least taxing on their water supply. Solar ticks every one of those boxes.” “And...it doesn't emit carbon dioxide or methane,” he added. “So there's an ancillary benefit that it helps solve the world's climate crisis.” The combination of low-cost financing and expected solar module cost declines are among the key factors driving down solar prices in India today. Delivering on this year’s record-low solar bids will be a challenge; it will require

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Renewable Energy

Industry Theme

developers to deploy the latest technology and accurately estimate costs for every project component. But while the recent bid prices set a tough standard for the Indian solar industry, IEEFA analysts say that it demonstrates investor confidence in the sector and opportunities for continued cost reductions as the country strives to create a more sustainable and domestic-based energy system.

A boost for domestic solar manufacturing In a testament to India's growing demand for low-cost and locally manufactured power, Indian power minister R.K. Singh announced last fall that the country would boost its domestic solar manufacturing base to reduce reliance on solar cells and modules imported from China. He also announced that renewables would replace the generating capacity from 29 coal plants slated to retire in the coming years. State-owned enterprise Coal India the largest coal-producing company in the world announced that it will enter the solar value-chain business and launch a new renewable energy vertical. The company received board approval to establish an integrated solar wafer manufacturing facility in December. There are also reports that other state-owned companies could be required to establish a domestic polysilicon supply chain. In November, Prime Minister Modi announced that the

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government will offer new incentives for Indian-made solar modules, which follows an announcement that solar modules have been included in a production-linked incentive scheme to help make domestic players more competitive abroad.

A lifeline for renewable projects and utilities In addition to the measures above, the Indian government extended commissioning deadlines for wind and solar projects already under development, taking into account that developers couldn’t get their workers and equipment to their construction sites amid the lockdowns. “They gave a blanket five-month extension to all projects, which was really essential,” said Sumant Sinha, chairman and managing director of ReNew Power, India's largest clean energy company. Another significant step the government took to benefit the clean energy sector was to give power distribution companies (discoms) a roughly $13 billion liquidity injection as part of a stimulus package to shore up the Indian economy. The country’s discoms, which have long suffered from financial woes, fell deeper into debt due to weak power demand caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Because discoms purchase the power from renewable energy projects, the financial health of the utility sector is critical ||www.electricalmirror.net||

megawatts of capacity, respectively. SECI also held the country’s first tender for "around-the-clock" clean power last year, which requires developers to bundle solar with wind, hydropower or energy storage to provide an 80 percent plant load factor over the course of the year. ReNew Power was the sole winner in the around-the-clock auction, which was criticized for having terms that were both too tough and too lenient in turn. These auctions mark a new era in India's energy transition. The government is seeking these new kinds of bids with a view to "making renewable energy more acceptable into the grid and enabling India’s discoms to buy more renewable energy," said Sinha. But he acknowledged that it’s still early days for the next wave of cleantech products and services in India. There is only one utility-scale energy storage project deployed in India today: a 10-megawatt-hour pilot project owned by Tata Power Delhi Distributed Limited. ReNew’s peak power and around-the-clock projects will be the next battery installations to come online, and they’re still a year and a half out.

to keeping India’s clean energy transition moving forward. Analysts note that utility bailouts also benefit thermal power plants. But according to Sinha, the stimulus funding was critical to ensuring that renewable energy generators continued to get paid on time. “All of these steps have really been very positive,” said Sinha, who recently published the book Fossil Free focusing on the drivers of India’s clean energy transition and path ahead. “I think they indicate that the Indian government is very serious about supporting the growth of renewable energy and they are willing to do whatever is required to push the agenda forward on that front.”

Landmark auctions for flexible renewable energy As the share of renewables on India’s power grid continues to grow, so too does the demand for new technologies to balance better integrate these intermittent resources. In January 2020, the Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI) announced the results of its first peak power tender, requiring developers to couple wind and solar with energy storage to meet grid needs at times of peak demand. At 1.2 gigawatts, the auction represented one of the largest renewables-plus-storage tenders in the world. Greenko Group and ReNew Power ultimately won 900 megawatts and 300 ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Future Perspectives for Renewable Energy in India India is facing an acute energy scarcity which is hampering its industrial growth and economic progress. Setting up of new power plants is inevitably dependent on import of highly volatile fossil fuels. Thus, it is essential to tackle the energy crisis through judicious utilization of abundant the renewable energy resources, such as biomass energy, solar energy, wind energy and geothermal energy. Apart from augmenting the energy supply, renewable resources will help India in mitigating climate change. India is heavily dependent on fossil fuels for its energy needs. Most of the power generation is carried out by coal and mineral oil-based power plants which contribute heavily to greenhouse gases emission. The average per capita consumption of energy in India is around 500 W, which is much lower than that of developed countries like USA, Europe, Australia, Japan etc. However, this figure is expected to rise sharply due to high economic growth and rapid industrialization. The consumption of electricity is growing on the worldwide basis. Energy is a necessity and sustainable renewable energy is a vital link in industrialization and development of India. A transition from conventional energy systems to those based on renewable resources is necessary to meet the ever-increasing demand for energy and to address environmental concerns. The Indian renewable energy is ranked 4th in wind power, || June 2021 ||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Renewable Energy

Industry Theme

5th in solar power and 5th in renewable power installed capacity as of 2018. Installed renewable power generation capacity has increased at a fast pace over the past few years, posting a CAGR of 19.78 per cent between FY14–18. Power generation from renewable energy sources in India reached 101.84 billion units in FY18 and 126.76 billion units during April 2018-March 2019. As of October 2019, India ranked 5th in installed renewable energy capacity. India ranked second among the emerging economies to lead to transition to clean energy in 2019. India added record 80.46 GW of renewable energy capacity as on June 2019 which includes 29.55 GW from Solar & 36.37 GW from Wind power. It is expected that India will overachieve its Paris Agreement goals. The total solar installations at the end of June 2019 reached 31.5 GW. The installed renewable energy capacity is 81.3 GW, of which solar and wind comprises 30.70 GW and 36.75 GW respectively. Biomass and small hydro power constitute 9.81GW and 4.6 GW, respectively. Overall, India added 8.62 GW of grid interactive renewable energy capacity in FY19. The renewable energy sector’s capacity during the first quarter of fiscal year 2019-20 is higher at 2,151 MW. The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India, has formulated an action plan to achieve a total capacity of 60 GW from hydro power and 175 GW from other RES by March, 2022, which includes 100 GW of Solar power, 60 GW from wind power, 10 GW from biomass power and 5 GW from small hydro power. Government plans to establish

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renewable energy capacity of 500 GW by 2030. This has been proving to be the major thrust for the sector in India as the market players have enough incentives to move to clean source. Government of India is aiming to achieve 225 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2022, much ahead of its target of 175 GW as per the Paris Agreement. Under Union Budget 2019-20, Rs 4,272.16 crore (US$ 611.26 million) has been allocated for grid-interactive renewable energy schemes and projects. The Government of India allocated Rs 3,004.90 crore (US$ 416.48 million) in the budget 2019-20 for development of solar power projects including both grid-interactive and off-grid and decentralised categories. During January-March 2020, solar sector received an investment of US$ 2.8 billion. As India looks to meet its energy demand on its own, which is expected to reach 15,820 TWH by 2040, renewable energy is set to play an important role. By 2030, renewable sources are expected to help meet 40 percent of India’s power needs. New investments in clean energy in the country reached US$ 11 billion in 2017. In the first half of 2018, investments in clean energy in India reached US$ 7.4 billion. The non-conventional energy sector received a total FDI equity inflow of US$ 8.06 billion between April 2000-June 2019. As of 2019, India is building a solar power plant in Rajasthan, which will be world’s largest, with a capacity of 2,255 MW. The international equity investment in the India’s clean energy sector was US$ 283 million in 2016, US$ 532 million in 2017 and US$ 1.02 billion in 2018. The renewable energy space in India has become very attractive

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Industry Theme

Renewable Energy

from investors’ perspective and has received FDI inflow of power. Further, with increased focus on offshore wind power, US$ 8.06 billion between April 2000 and June 2019. floating solar parks and hybrid parks etc., it is expected to over achieve the target by 2022. The increased focus Transformational Growth The renewable energy sector in the country witnessed of Government of India (GOI) towards renewable energy transformational growth in last few years, in terms of both has created attractive opportunities for investments in this installed capacity and increasing share of renewable energy sector. Government has rightly recognized RE to be seen not (RE) in total power generation of the country. The growth only as sources of energy, but also a tool to address many is driven by the government’s efforts to create a conducive other pressing needs, including improving energy security policy and regulatory environment. Also, the developments in and access; reducing the health and environmental impacts power sector such as modernization of transmission capacity and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.

and distribution networks, electrifying villages and extending power to all households, have resulted in improvements in energy consumption, fiscal discipline in utilities. Over the years, renewable energy sector in India has emerged as a significant player in the grid connected power generation capacity. It supports the government agenda of sustainable growth, while, emerging as an integral part of the solution to meet the nation’s energy needs and an essential player for energy access. It has been realized that renewable energy has to play a much deeper role in achieving energy security in the years ahead and be an integral part of the energy planning process. The country aims to strengthen its energy security and independence by developing renewable energy resources. These include stringent norms for the construction and operation of energy generation equipment and increasing reliance on more advanced generation technologies in the field of renewable. So there is a great need of renewable energy source in Indian power sector to meet future energy demand and remove Green House Gases (GHG) emission for environment protection. In this connection Government of India has come up with Acts, Policies and regulations to support renewable energy. The Electricity Act 2003 that was notified by the Ministry of Power in June 2003 with other policies National Electricity Policy and National Tariff Policy appears to be in the helm of affairs for the promotion of renewable energy at the state as well as to national level in India. The Act and policies also emphasizes the importance of setting renewable energy quotas and preferential tariffs for renewable energy procurement by the respective SERCs in their restructured states power sector. India is witnessing a radical change on account of the government’s move towards power generation via renewable energy resources; Government has set a target to achieve175 GW renewable energy installed capacity by 2022. This includes 60 GW from wind power, 100 GW from solar power, 10 GW from biomass power and 5 GW from small hydro

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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Additional Capacity In order to facilitate integration of large scale renewable generation capacity addition, the Government approved creation of intra-state transmission system in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu rich in renewable resource potential and where large capacity renewable power projects are planned, at an estimated cost of Rs.10,141.68 crore with Government of India contribution from National Clean Energy fund 40%. The activities envisaged under the project includes establishment of 48 new Grid sub-stations of different voltage levels by installing over 7800 ckt-kms of transmission lines in these seven states. The project is proposed to be completed within a period of three to five years. Creation of an intra-state transmission system will facilitate evacuation of renewable power from generation stations to load center. At present India is fifth largest country in the world in electricity generation, having presently aggregate capacity of 360 GWs as on July’ 2019, out of which approximately 63% is from thermal, 12.5% from hydro, 2% from nuclear and the rest about 22% is from renewable energy sources. Although Indian power sector has experienced a more than ten-time increased in its installed capacity in 1981 to till date but still there is need to be establish more generation plants preferably to be come from renewable sources by governmental as well as various private participation. Contribution of renewable energy sources in the total capacity as well as gross generation is still very low. The Indian power sector is predominantly based on fossil fuels, with more than about three-fourth of the country’s power generation capacity being dependent on vast indigenous reserves of coal. But in few last decades Indian government has taken several steps to reduce the use of fossil fuels-based energy while promoting renewable generation. Core drivers for development and deployment of new and renewable energy in India are Energy security, Electricity shortages,

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Energy access and Climate change. India has taken a voluntary commitment of reducing emission intensity of its GDP by 33-35 per cent from 2005 levels by 2030. The Government has also approved a Scheme, in December 2014, for setting up of 25 Solar Parks, each with the capacity of 500 MW and above and Ultra Mega Solar Power Projects to be developed in next 5 years in various States and will require Central Government financial support. These parks will be able to accommodate over 20,000 MW of solar power projects. As on date, parks with capacity of about 20,000 MW in 22 states have been sanctioned. Globally China is the country leading first position in renewable installed capacity in the world. With regard to source-wise installed capacity, world-wide China is leading first position in Solar Energy, Wind Energy and Small Hydro power. India’s total power generation installed capacity reached 360 GW by July’ 2019 with coal-fired plants accounting for 195.80 GW of this installed capacity, followed by renewable that come in at over 80 GW. Hydropower projects, gas-based, nuclear and diesel projects make up the remaining capacity in decreasing order of installed capacity. The Government has taken several initiatives to accelerate the growth RE. The key provisions under the different Acts/Policies/Schemes issued by the Central Government and fiscal / promotional incentives for development of renewable energy in the country have been discussed in this article.

Can Renewable Energy Work For India? Solar is the prime free source of inexhaustible energy available to all. And, India is one of the sun’s most favored nations, blessed with about 5,000 TWh of solar insolation every year. Even if a tenth of this potential was utilized, it could mark the end of India’s power problems – by using the country’s deserts and farm land to construct solar plants. Renewable

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energy has the potential to re-energize India’s economy by creating millions of new jobs, allowing the country to achieve energy independence, reduce its trade deficits and propel it forward as a “Green Nation.” In short, renewable energy offers too many benefits for India to ignore, or delay its development. India should take full advantage of this golden opportunity because renewable energy has particular relevance in remote and rural areas, where there are around 289 million people who don’t have access to reliable sources of energy. Solar energy is the most cost-effective option for India to reduce energy poverty without having to extend national grid services to provide power for individual homes and buildings. India’s present generation capacity is about 200,000 MW. The country could potentially increase grid-connected solar power generation capacity to over 200,000 MW and wind energy to over 100,000 MW by 2030 if the right resources (and more importantly, energy policies) were developed. India can develop massive commercial wind farms to harness the strong onshore costal area and offshore wind to boost the country’s supply of clean renewable energy. But, to tap this vast resource, India must develop and implement smart business models and favorable policies as quickly as possible.

Conclusion There is an urgent need for transition from petroleum-based energy systems to one based on renewable resources to decrease reliance on depleting reserves of fossil fuels and to mitigate climate change. In addition, renewable energy has the potential to create many employment opportunities at all levels, especially in rural areas. An emphasis on presenting the real picture of massive renewable energy potential, it would be possible to attract foreign investments to herald a Green Energy Revolution in India. EM

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Guest Article

ERDA’s State-of-Art Facilities for Smart Energy Meters

At present, the major focus of smart electricity seems to be on smart energy meters. The government of India has a plan to install 250 million nos. of smart energy meters in the distribution system in India. EESL has so far completed the installation of one million units of Smart Meter till Feb’2020. Even though India has a mature meter manufacturing base, to cater to such a huge requirement of smart meters not only the capacity of existing manufacturing units has to be increased but more manufacturing units may also have to be established. Encapsulating the motto of ‘Aatma Nirbhar Bharat’ by our honorable prime minister. ERDA already has infrastructure to support the meter manufacturers by evaluating their meters as well as the new developed technologies. Thus, ERDA in its own way, is ready to extend its support to the India’s initiative of attaining self-reliance. For ERDA, this also creates a unique challenge of testing various smart energy meters within the shortest possible time with maintaining the quality. ERDA’s State-of-the-Art Energy Meters Evaluation laboratory is providing crucial energy meter reliability assessment services to the nation, for more than two decades. So far ERDA has been able to meet these challenges successfully and has become the most preferred laboratory for smart meters in

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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India. All the manufacturers of smart meters are, at present, utilizing ERDA’s facilities for evaluation of their products. ERDA’s meter laboratory is accredited by NABL & BIS for Smart Meters. ERDA provides services under three business verticals of “Testing & Evaluation”, “Field Services” & “R&D and Expert Services” as per the following details:

Testing and Evaluation 1.

AC Induction Watt-Hour Meters, Class 0.5, 1 & 2

IS:13010, IEC:62052-11, IEC:62053-11

AC Static Watt-Hour Meters Class 1&2

IS:13779:1999 IEC:62052-11 IEC:62053-21

AC Static CT operated Electrical Energy Meters (Tri-vector Meters)

IS:14697:1999

AC Static Watt-Hour Meters Class 0.5 & 0.2 for Active Energy

IEC:62052-11

AC Static Meters for Reactive Energy Class 2&3

IEC:62053-23

Manual on Standardization

CBIP Publication No. 325

Durability & Accelerated Reliability Testing of Energy Meters

IEC:62059-32-1, PSEN 62059-32-1

IEC:62053-22

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Data Exchange for Electricity Meter

IS:15959:2011

Reading, Tariff and Load Control 9.

AC Direct connected Static Prepayment Meters for Active

IS:15884:2010, IEC:62055-31

Energy, Class-1 & 2 10.

AC Static Direct Connected

IS:16444:2015 part-1

Field Services

Watthour Smart Meter, Class-1 & 2 11.

AC Static Direct Connected

IS:16444:2015 Part-2

Watthour Smart Meter, Class-0.2s & 0.5s 12.

Electricity Meters

NMI M 6-1:2012 (Australian Government)

• Evaluation of smart meters; »» Communication Protocol Verification as per IS: 15959 using CTT 3.1 extended edition from DLMS User Association and Meter Explorer software tool »» Smart Meter testing facility, IS:16444 (BIS & NABL approved) »» Prepayment Energy Meter Evaluation Facility (NABL Accredited & BIS Approved) »» Load Switch test for Utilization categories UC1, UC2 and UC3

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• Energy Meter Components (Terminals/Gaskets/Frame/ Wires/Laminations, etc.) • Calibration of 0.01 class reference energy meters using 0.005 class reference energy meter • Special and tamper tests according to requirements of utilities • Short time overcurrent tests up to 10kA for half cycle as well 0.5 sec. • Independent third party inspection agency for disputed energy meters (Approved independent third party inspection agency for Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission (GERC), RERC, MPERC, DERC, CSERC, and JSERC) • Calibration of energy meters at site/mobile laboratory using 0.02 class reference meter • Calibration of 0.02 class reference energy meters using 0.005 class reference energy meter

Expert Services and R&D

• Consultancy for design modification of CT/PTs and Energy Meters for meeting EMI/EMC compliance requirements • Evaluation of energy meters as per the requirements of electricity boards and meter ranking according to various quality measures

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Product Info

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“Images for illustrative purposes only.”

To know more, please write to us at flirindia@flir.com.hk or call us at +91-11-4560 3555 ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Accord Electropower Pvt. Ltd. ........................................ 27

IFSEC Virtual Expo 2021 ............................................... 63

Altanova India Private Limited ..................................... BC

Kamadhenu Wires ......................................................... 55

Brugg Cables India Pvt. Ltd. ........................................

Kusam Electrical Industries Ltd. .................................... 11

Cable & Wire Fair 2022 ................................................ 87

Next Gen Equipments Pvt. Ltd. ..................................... 95

Electrical Research and Development Association ......... P-01

OSH India Virtual Expo .................................................. 59

EL Asia Expo 2021 ........................................................ 53

Polycab India Limited ................................................... P-03

FLIR Systems India Pvt. Ltd. ......................................... IFC

Power Finance Corporation Limited ............................... IBC

Fluke Technologies Pvt. Ltd. .........................................

Testo India Pvt. Ltd. ......................................................... 45

Gloster Cables Limited .................................................. 19

Vishay Components India Pvt. Ltd. ............................... 41

HARTING India Pvt. Ltd. ............................................... 07

Wire India Expo 2021 ................................................... 97

Inter-Tech ....................................................................... 49 94

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

EVENT DIARY 03-05 JULY 2021

20-22 July 2021

BIEC, Bengaluru, India www.elasiaexpo.com

Karnataka Trade Promotion Organisation, Bengaluru

ELASIA Exhibition will be the podium to compare the best in the world to the best in India. The show will constitute an ideal platform not just for maximum exposure of cutting-edge products & services to key Electrical, Electronics, Lightings & Power sector players and top decision-makers but also for the kind of high-powered face to face business meetings and contacts that will take an Organisation forward in leaps and strides.

EFY Expo is the only event in India that focuses on prototyping and small-scale manufacturing solutions via manufacturing techniques like Rapid Prototyping, Desktop Manufacturing and the latest in Components. Prototyping equipment and desktop manufacturing equipment vendors have their very own show to reach out to engineering teams across India. EFY Expo also helps semiconductor vendors influence Design Engineers and ensures Design Ins and Design Wins for Component Suppliers from India and abroad.

www.indiaelectronicsweek.com

15-17 Sept 2021

India expo mart, greater Noida www.renewableenergyindiaexpo.com

The 14th edition of Renewable Energy India 2020 Expo observed a grand opening on the first day, with participation from leading international stakeholders and experts from across the globe at the India Expo Centre, Greater Noida. Over the years, REI has been established as the most comprehensive, reputed and Asia’s largest expo in this domain where the green community congregates to discuss the trends, addresses challenges and showcases the best and most innovative technological solutions available to overcome them.

1-3 March 2022

Pragati Maidan, New Delhi, India www.cablewirefair.com

Cable & Wire Fair (CWF) is now undisputed leading Indian event for the global wire & cable industry. The show is centered at creating a consensus-driven, growth-oriented stage for the wire and cable industry in India. The telecom and power networks act as the nerves and veins of today's societies where the most fundamental integrating elements are wires and cables.

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27-29 Oct 2021

IECC, PRAGATI MAIDAN www.powergen-india.com

For more than 15 years, POWERGEN India has served as India's premier forum for the power generation industry. Attracting over 8,000 attendees, POWERGEN India covers all forms of power generation, from conventional to renewable energy and other low-carbon options. This leading forum is where the power industry can meet, share and discuss solutions for India's energy future.

19 – 21 May 2022

Bombay exhibition centre (BEC), Mumbai, India www.led-expo-mumbai.in LED Expo is India's only show covering the entire value chain of the LED industry. It has recognised the industry potential and has identified it as a futuristic technology which will take the lighting industry by storm. It has created a platform for its exhibitors and visitors to source and explore the latest in trend products and technologies from around the globe. Being the foremost and exclusive exhibition showcasing the strength of the Indian LED industry, it has become the maiden choice of the architects, interior designers, construction, real estate companies, builders, contractors etc. for sourcing the latest in trend products and technologies.

12-15 August 2021

CODISSiA, Coimbatore, India

www.elektrotec.codissia.com

Elektrotec is one of the largest Electrical and Industrial Electronics sector trade event in India. The show registers high overall visitor figures and facilitates the smooth exchange of relevant business information among the participants. With wide global participation, it is an ideal platform to launch new products, invite enquiries and generate potential leads across the globe.

25-26 Nov 2021

Bombay Exhibition Centre, MUMBAI www.oshindia.com

South Asia’s largest occupational safety & health event, OSH India Expo brings together internationally renowned exhibitors, consultants, business experts and key government officials on an industry platform. The show facilitates exchanges of global best practices and seeks solutions for challenges in upholding workplace safety and health. The show witness safety professionals from across India.

23-25 Nov 2022 Mumbai, India www.wire-india.com

Wire India aims in bringing the economic development of India to higher summit and its objective has increased the importance of the show in all over the world. The participants are availed with incredible business opportunities which aid the exhibitors to establish their brand and advertise it to the worldwide market. Advanced range of products are demonstrated which has pulled the attention and investment of the foreign delegates as well. The exhibitors can also get into new partnership dealings with the attending companies.

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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EM June Issue 2021

Articles inside

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