Step-by-step teaching notes, tips and background notes on cultural issues Wide offer of photocopiable testing materials Editable tests in the Multi-ROM Test Maker FLIP BOOK An interactive, IWB-compatible version of the Coursebook containing all recordings, links, reference materials and extras Course components Student’s Book Workbook with Audio CD Teacher’s Resource Pack Class Audio CDs Multi-ROM Test Maker Teacher’s FLIP BOOK Flash on English Online Resources
UPPER INTERMEDIATE WORKBOOK
For the Teacher
FL ASH on English
Clearly-structured units Double linguistic input in each unit Focus on authentic real-world language Clearly structured grammar presentations Extensive recycling and review of language Exploitation of different learning styles and mixed-ability features Culture, CLIL and Literature lessons in every unit Graded and practical study-skills guide Grammar reinforcement with extensive explanations and practice in the Workbook
L. Prodromou with C. E. Morris
FLASH on English is a motivating, easy-to-use, four-level course which takes teenage learners from Elementary through to Upper Intermediate level. The comprehensive syllabus provides thorough grammar, vocabulary and skills work, builds students’ language awareness and encourages fluency and self-confidence. The combination of printed, digital and online material enhances the learning experience and helps teachers respond to students’ needs.
Common European Framework
A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2
ONLINE RESOURCES
AUDIO CD
Contents 1 Connect! Focus on Grammar and Vocabulary
p.
4
Grammar and Vocabulary Practice
p.
6
Use of English
p. 10
Skills
p. 11
2 Feelings Focus on Grammar and Vocabulary
p. 12
Grammar and Vocabulary Practice
p. 14
Use of English
p. 18
Skills
p. 19
3 Leisure Focus on Grammar and Vocabulary
p. 20
Grammar and Vocabulary Practice
p. 22
Use of English
p. 26
Skills
p. 27
4 Travel Focus on Grammar and Vocabulary
p. 28
Grammar and Vocabulary Practice
p. 30
Use of English
p. 34
Skills
p. 35
5 Fashion and Trends Focus on Grammar and Vocabulary
p. 36
Grammar and Vocabulary Practice
p. 38
Use of English
p. 42
Skills
p. 43
6 Crime and Punishment Focus on Grammar and Vocabulary
p. 44
Grammar and Vocabulary Practice
p. 46
Use of English
p. 50
Skills
p. 52
2
7 Learning Focus on Grammar and Vocabulary
p. 54
Grammar and Vocabulary Practice
p. 56
Use of English
p. 60
Skills
p. 62
8 Time is money Focus on Grammar and Vocabulary
p. 64
Grammar and Vocabulary Practice
p. 66
Use of English
p. 70
Skills
p. 72
9 Health
and the Environment
Focus on Grammar and Vocabulary
p. 74
Grammar and Vocabulary Practice
p. 76
Use of English
p. 80
Skills
p. 82
10 Work and Employment Focus on Grammar and Vocabulary
p. 84
Grammar and Vocabulary Practice
p. 86
Use of English
p. 90
Skills
p. 92
Topic vocabulary
p. 94
Self-assessment grids – B2
p. 104
Audioscripts
p. 105
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1
Connect! Focus on Grammar and Vocabulary
Present simple and continuous • The table below shows when we use the Present simple and the Present continuous: Present simple
Present continuous
to talk about repeated actions, personal routines and habits. She uses 12 technology services every day.
to talk about actions happening now. I’m learning to keep a blog.
to talk about a permanent situation. Terri Thomson lives in a digital world.
to talk about temporary situations. I’m not using social media during my exams.
to talk about facts. Digital teens need information fast.
to talk about changing situations. How is digital technology changing teens’ brains? to talk about things that happen often and are irritating. Some people are always ‘unfriending’ you on Facebook.
Adverbs and expressions of frequency
Time expressions
They are used to talk about how often something happens: always, nearly always, normally, usually, frequently, often, quite often, sometimes, occasionally, hardly ever, seldom, rarely, never, every day / week / month / year, once / twice a day / a week / a fortnight.
They are used to talk about a period of time in which something is happening: at present, at the moment, today, (right) now, nowadays.
Present perfect simple and continuous • The table below shows when we use the Present perfect simple and the Present perfect continuous: Present perfect simple
Present perfect continuous
to talk about finished actions or events at a time in the past that is not mentioned. Have you seen the new iPhone? It’s amazing!
to describe continuous actions which start in the past but continue ‘up to now’. I’ve been working on my new website all morning.
to talk about unfinished actions or events that started in the past (often with for and since). I have had an iPad for 3 years. to talk about past events that are relevant to the present. Digital natives have grown up with technology and so they have IT at the tips of their fingers. Time expressions The Present perfect is often used with adverbs and expressions like: ever (in questions), never (in negative statements), recently, already, just, still, yet (in negative statements), so far, up to now, today; this morning / week / month / year, twice, a few / several times.
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Past simple and continuous • The table below shows when we use the Past simple and the Past continuous: Past simple
Past continuous
to talk about finished actions or events which happened to talk about two past actions or events which at a specific time in the past. happened at the same time. I found a great new website the other day. I was using my Dad’s iPad while he was sleeping. to talk about habits in the past. We contacted each other by landline and letter before mobile phones and the Internet.
to talk about a past action or event which is interrupted by another action or event. I was doing some online research for my college project when there was a sudden power cut.
Past time expressions The Past simple is often used with adverbs and expressions like yesterday, two / three days / months ago, last, when I was..., etc. to express a finished time and like once, one time, etc. to express a single action. Stative verbs, expressing a state, do not usually take a continuous form, including those: – expressing sensations: feel, hear, smell, taste, touch – expressing feelings: hate, love, prefer, regret, want, wish – expressing thoughts or opinions: believe, know, think, understand – expressing ownership: belong, have – expressing other states: be, cost, fit, mean, suit Some verbs have both a stative and a dynamic meaning: – think I’ve always thought social media is great. (opinion) I’ve been thinking about your idea for a new website. (consider) – see I’ve seen a new side to your personality since we became Facebook friends. (see / understand) We’ve been seeing each other since we met in an online chat room. (meet / have a relationship) – have I haven’t had a new mobile phone for ages. (possession) She’s been having a good time on holiday. I saw her pictures on flicker. (expressions / habits)
for/since
When, while, as, as long as can be used with the Past continuous to mean ‘during that time’.
• since is used to talk about the beginning of a period of time. It can only be used with the Present perfect: since my birthday 2012, since last summer, since November, since March 1st, since then, since I’ve known you, since last week / Monday, since the morning, since 11 o’clock.
Collocations/Phrasal verbs • Collocations are common combinations of different parts of speech such as verbs + nouns, or adjectives and prepositions that need to be learnt as a lexical ‘chunk’. For example: – verb + noun: do a course, homework, housework, the dishes / the washing-up, some exercise make arrangements, an appointment, a meal, a mess, a mistake, the bed – verb + preposition: look at / for, listen to / for, talk about / to, worry about – adjective + preposition: keen on, responsible for • Phrasal verbs are verbs + particle (adverb or preposition) resulting in a new ‘word’. – break down: suddenly stop working – come across: find by accident – do without: succeed in living without something – put off: make someone not like something – switch on / off: make something start / stop – take part in: participate – work out: resolve
• for is used to talk about a period of time. It can be used with both the Past simple and the Present perfect: forever, for ages, for a year, for a long / short time, for the last few weeks / months, for a few hours / minutes, for ten minutes, for a while.
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Grammar and Vocabulary Practice Grammar Present simple and continuous 1 Complete the sentences with the verbs in the correct form of the Present simple or Present continuous.
1 I __________ a blog about my experience of living abroad. I __________ entries at least once a week. (keep, write) 2 __________ you __________ a boy called Danny? He __________ forever __________ me on Facebook! (know, poke) 3 Mobile phone manufacturers __________ new smartphones models in an attempt to compete with Apple’s popular iPhone. (produce) 4 Online shopping __________ extremely convenient and safe nowadays. (be) 5 My sister __________ most of her artwork on the Internet. (sell) 6 Tom __________ his friend in Australia at the moment. He usually __________ it in the morning before college when it __________ evening in Sydney. (skype, do, be)
2 Put these words in the correct order to make sentences. 1 the / day / digital / Internet / every / natives / use / most __________________________________________ 2 our / telephone / we / ever / on / landline / hardly __________________________________________ 3 sites / provide / networking / my / on / number / never / address / social / telephone / I / or __________________________________________ 4 week / about / her / blog / a / city / a / twice / Julie / writes __________________________________________ 5 rather / email / choosing / than / people / tweet / are / many / nowadays / to __________________________________________ 6 usually / do / libraries / visit / and / online / research / their / people / young / often / don’t __________________________________________
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3 Answer these questions using appropriate adverbs of frequency or time expressions. 1 How often do you visit social media websites? __________________________________________ 2 Do you ever stream films or TV shows from the Internet? __________________________________________ 3 What digital device are you using most frequently? __________________________________________ 4 How do you usually carry out research for homework or college assignments? __________________________________________ 5 How would you update your ‘status’ on a social networking site right now? __________________________________________ 6 What personal information do you always and never post on a blog, chat or social networking site? __________________________________________
Present perfect simple and continuous 4 Tick (✔) the correct sentences. 1 a b 2 a b 3 a
What have you done all day? What have you been doing all day? I’ve sent over 100 emails! I’ve been sending over 100 emails! We’ve looked online for a last minute holiday deal. b We’ve been looking online for a last minute holiday deal. 4 a He’s changed his Facebook profile three times this week! b He’s been changing his Facebook profile three times this week! 5 a A How long has John been knowing his new girlfriend? B I’m not sure, but he’s seen her for three months now. b A How long has John known his girlfriend? B I’m not sure, but he’s been seeing her for three months now. 6 a Great news! Apple has thought of adopting the new app I’ve been designing. b Great news! Apple has been thinking of adopting the new app I’ve designed.
Past simple and continuous 5 Match the sentence halves.
1
7 Complete the conversation in the Cool Cats chat room using for or since.
1 2 3 4
Sally found ten new comments on her wall While I was skyping my American friend Josh Judith was filming us on her smartphone Jonathon was checking all the answers on the Internet 5 The students were playing computer games 6 The correspondent was reading live tweets 7 I kept a blog a I realised that it was only 6 a.m. in San Francisco! b when I was travelling during my gap year. c when she was updating her Facebook status. d while she broadcast her report. e while he was taking his maths test. f while the IT teacher was explaining what they had to do. g while we were messing around.
Past simple vs Present perfect 6 Underline the correct alternative to complete the sentences. 1 I have started / started tweeting for the first time last week. 2 When have you sent / did you send me that email? I haven’t been able / wasn’t able to find it. 3 Have you seen / Did you see Apple’s latest iPad? 4 Beth has never participated / never participated in a live web conference, but she’d like to. 5 I have streamed / streamed the new Bond film on the Internet on Friday. Have you seen / Did you see it yet? 6 Before emails, people have contacted / contacted each other by phone or by letter.
Round up! 8 Complete Julie’s blog with the Present simple, Present continuous, Past simple, Present perfect simple or Present perfect continuous form of these verbs. be (x 3) dive drift fall get have know learn take try
This (1) __________ one of the best days of my life! I (2) __________ to dive for weeks now and today I finally (3) __________ my first solo dive in the sea. Wow, it (4) __________ fantastic! You (5) __________ that feeling just before you (6) __________ asleep, when you (7) __________ in and out of consciousness? Well the sensation you (8) __________ when you (9) __________ (10) __________ exactly like that! (11) __________ you ever __________ it? If you (12) __________, you really should!
That was a nasty fall, dad! Don’t move! I’m going to email an ambulance.
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Grammar and Vocabulary Practice Vocabulary Collocations 9 Match the verbs and nouns to form common collocations. 1 ban 2 cause 3 do 4 make 5 reach 6 tell 7 start
11 Put the following words and expressions in the correct column ‘keen on’ or ‘responsible for’.
a a conclusion b a family c a joke d an accident e a meal f mobile phones g some exercise
backing up important files checking my facebook page finding music for company adverts listening to iTunes playing computer games social media promotion streaming films on the Internet taking photographs updating staff profiles uploading official photographs
10 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the following collocations. listen for listen to look at (x2) look for talk about talk to
keen on...
responsible for…
_____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________
_____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________
Phrasal verbs 12 Complete the sentences with suitable phrasal verbs.
1 Thanks. This is great! I’ve been ______________ a good graphics app. 2 Come and ______________ this cool website I’ve found! 3 Oh hello! Can I ______________ Lucy please, it’s Steve. 4 The first time we met online we ______________ all kinds of different things and I felt very relaxed. 5 A What are you ______________? B Oh nothing really. I’m just checking my emails. 6 I haven’t ______________ this track for ages! 7 Turn the TV down, please! I have to ______________ the baby crying.
8
1 Please let the photocopier not ______________ again! It’s the third time this week. 2 I was ______________ tweeting when I realised how many people actually read the rubbish you write! 3 Have you ______________ any interesting blogs recently? 4 I’ve been living in an area with no internet coverage, so I’ve had to ______________ going online. 5 Anybody who wants to ______________ in this week’s competition should send an email to… 6 I just can’t ______________ what I need to do to make this app work on my iPhone! 7 Can you ______________ the TV, please? I’ve got a terrible headache!
1
Functions Technology
Agreeing and disagreeing
13 Write the words which correspond to these
15 Complete the following conversation with
definitions. 1 involving or relating to the use of computer technology ______________ 2 a computer program that lets you search for information on the Internet ______________ 3 a user’s summary of their personal details posted on social networking sites ______________ 4 a posting on a social networking site that indicates a user’s current situation, mood, or opinion about something ______________ 5 a personal website or web page where you regularly write comments, opinions and links to other sites ______________ 6 copying data into a computer’s memory, especially from the Internet ______________ 7 transmitting data, such as video or audio material, over the Internet as a continuous flow ______________ 8 a central electronic system which can store messages from telephone callers ______________
14 Complete the Venn diagram with the following words. blog browser clip hack chat ebook email google download Internet link megabyte network phone program social media store stream text tweet upload virus website YouTube
these expressions. Be careful, one of the expressions is not used! do you think so? I’m not sure I completely agree I agree absolutely I couldn’t agree more I disagree I see what you mean that’s not true that’s right yes, you’re right
Matt Is that your new iPad? Alice Yes, (1) ______________. What do you think? Matt I really like them, but it’s just another gadget on top of your iPhone, iPod and laptop. Alice Yes, (2) ______________, but (3) ______________, it’s not just a gadget. It’s so portable, you can watch films, look at photographs, play games and search the Internet anywhere. Matt (4) ______________, if you travel as much as you do, but I work from home, so I can use my laptop to do all those things. Alice (5) ______________. What about when you want to watch a film in bed or check your Facebook page on the sofa? Isn’t an iPad lighter and more manageable? Matt (6) ______________, but that doesn’t stop it being an expensive extra gadget that I can easily do without. Alice (7) ______________ with you, but my iPad is amazing! Matt Yes, it is amazing! (8) ______________!
Language development: email language 16 Decide which of the following words and expressions is informal (I) and which is formal (F).
VERB hack
blog
NOUN browser
1 Anyway ____ 2 Dear ____ 3 Hey ____ 4 Hi ____ 5 However ____ 6 I hope you agree ____ 7 I look forward to seeing you ____ 8 I must say ____ 9 I wonder if ____ 10 OK? ____ 11 See you ____ 12 Well ____
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Use of English 1
Complete the table with the missing parts of speech.
Noun
Verb
Adjective
Adverb
interaction
interact
interactive
interactively
participation
participative
reward connectedly digitalise necessary threat
2 Choose the correct preposition to fill the following gaps with.
3 Complete the text with the appropriate words from the box.
0 Stop looking at me like that, you’re making me nervous! 1 She couldn’t stop talking ____ her new iPad all night. 2 You’re so rude! You’re not even listening ____ me. 3 I was put ____ eating meat when I was really young and I lived on a farm. 4 I could do ____ a new printer, mine isn’t working very well anymore. 5 James and Julie broke ____ last week after three years together. 6 I’d love to take part ____ a quiz show like Who wants to be a Millionarie!
back up hacked internet laptop lie link problem start switch on update virus website work out
There’s nothing worse than trying to (0) switch on and finding that you can’t (1) ______________ your computer, worse still, it’s got a (2) ______________! Then you realise with horror that you’ve forgotten to (3) ______________ your antivirus and that you have to telephone a helpline to see if a technician can (4) ______________ what’s caused the (5) ______________. They usually ask you all sorts of questions to find out about your (6) ______________ use; whether or not you’ve clicked on any (7) ______________ to an unprotected (8) ______________ and if you have antivirus protection. At which point you decide to tell a (9) ______________… Of course there’s no chance anybody (10) ______________ into your computer! You always (11) ______________ your files and run regular virus checks on your (12) ______________!
4 Rewrite these sentences so that the new sentence has the same meaning to the first, using the word given.
0 A at 1 A about 2 A - 3 A down 4 A for 5 A apart 6 A at
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B for B over B for B off B up B down B in
C out C to C to C out C with C out C on
D up D through D up D to D without D up D with
0 Smoking is banned. (you) You can’t smoke. 1 He reached his destination all right. (safely) __________________________________________ 2 We’ve just starting a family. (baby) __________________________________________ 3 She makes lovely meals. (well) __________________________________________ 4 I’ve decided what to do. (conclusion) __________________________________________ 5 Have you seen my glasses? (come) __________________________________________
Skills Reading 1
Read the article about changing trends in teenage social media use. What do you think these trends are?
Teenage social media trends >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
U
ntil recently it was thought that Facebook and Myspace were the chosen domains of teenagers, leaving Twitter to their adult counterparts. Why? Because Twitter was regarded as too public and consequently not as cool! However as more and more adults have joined Facebook to ‘keep an eye’ on the activities of their teenager children, many teenagers have voted with their fingers. In a phenomenon that the media has dubbed as ‘hiding in plain sight’, many young people have chosen to start tweeting. Apparently they like Twitter because it is easier to use and interact with their friends than other social networking sites. It is possible to hold more than one account using pseudonyms, which protects their anonymity and allows them to voice their opinions freely. That voice need not be public either, as you can use locked, private accounts, accessible only to a chosen group of people. This prevents the peer pressure that sites like Facebook cause of having to ‘befriend’ everybody you know. You can also simply follow other people’s tweets without interacting with them, enabling fans to keep up with what their favourite movie, pop or sports stars are doing. Experts warn however that online privacy doesn’t exist in any form, because people you allow to view your tweets can then retweet them, rendering them public, so that your parents, teachers, or future employers can see them. So you might like to consider this before you decide what to tweet!
2
Answer these questions.
1 Why didn’t teenagers tweet until recently? 2 What has changed? 3 What does the writer mean by voting with their fingers? 4 What do young people like about Twitter?
5 How can you use Twitter and protect your privacy? 6 What do experts warn us about and why? 7 What is the writer’s advice about tweeting?
Listening 3
2 F You will hear five people talking about different social networking sites they enjoy using. Choose from the list A-F what each speaker likes about their social networking site. Use each letter only once. There is one extra letter that you do not need to use.
A B C D E F
It attracts a younger demographic particularly because of its special artistic function. It gives people an opportunity to reminisce and talk about common acquaintances. It provides a lot of information about what’s on and what people like. You choose what personal information you give and discuss things in an open forum. You need to pick and choose the parts to use and who to use them with. You’re never alone and you get to experience specialist art.
Speaker 1
Speaker 2
Speaker 3
Speaker 4
Speaker 5
Writing 4 F
Write a review (120-180 words) of a social media network of your choice. In your review say: – – – – – –
how long it has been going / how long you have been using it; how it works; special characteristics; its good points; its bad points; any other relevant information.
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1
2
Feelings Focus on Grammar and Vocabulary
Past perfect simple and continuous • The table below shows when we use the Past perfect simple and the Past perfect continuous: Past perfect simple
Past perfect continuous
to talk about actions occurring before an earlier past action. Since I last saw him, he had become a furniture maker.
to talk about actions which started in the past and continued up until another time in the past. He had been waiting for me all morning, when I finally arrived.
with when, before, by the time or after. After I had read the book, I saw the film.
• The Past perfect simple is used to emphasise the fact that an action occurred in a previous past time (for example with after, already, as soon as, before, by the time, when) but in the case of more obvious time sequences (with before / after) we tend to use the Past simple. The Past perfect simple is often only initially used and then substituted by the Past simple, once we have established the time sequence. • The Past perfect simple is often used with expressions such as it was the first / the second time, but Past simple is used with it was the last time. • The Past perfect continuous is used with continuous time expressions (for five minutes, for a week, for years, for days).
used to/would
•T he table below shows when we use used to and would + bare infinitive: used to
would
to talk about a past situation or condition which has changed. He used to live in Bristol, but now he lives in France.
in a similar way to used to, but usually after we have mentioned used to; would cannot be used to describe past states, only past events and actions. I used to be very shy when I was a child. I would refuse to talk to anybody and wouldn’t even look people in the eye.
to talk about past habits and states. I used to be very shy when I was a child.
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The negative of used to is didn’t use to or never used to. In formal British English you can also say used not to. We didn’t use to have winter holidays when we were kids. I never used to eat out when I was a student. Women used not to go to public houses in the past. Used to and would are not usually used for the recent past.
be used to/get used to •T he table below shows when we use be used to and get used to: be used to
get used to
to express familiarity with a present state or situation. He’s used to life in the city.
to express the process of becoming familiar with something; somewhere between not being and being familiar with something. You get used to commuting to work every day.
be used to can be followed by a noun or a verb in -ing.
-ing/-ed adjectives -ing adjectives
-ed adjectives
-ing adjectives are used to describe things. The holiday was very exciting.
-ed adjectives are used to describe our feelings. I felt very excited about the holiday.
annoying boring confusing embarrassing encouraging exciting frustrating horrifying interesting relaxing stunning surprising tiring worrying
annoyed bored confused embarrassed encouraged excited frustrated horrified interested relaxed stunned surprised tired worried
Expressions relating to important life stages • be born • make friends • go out with • fall in love with • fall out with: have a row with a friend, boyfriend or girlfriend • get engaged • get married • become a parent / have children • become a grandparent
2
Phrasal verbs with up • break up with one’s girl or boyfriend, a fight: separate • cheer up someone, yourself: start to feel happier • give up a bad habit, trying: stop • keep up with someone, the hard work: move at the same speed, continue doing something • look up a difficult word, some information: check something in a dictionary or encyclopaedia • make up with a friend, a story, an excuse: become friends again, create a story / a reason for not doing something • mess up something, a test, an interview: make a mistake or do something badly • take up a hobby, a sport, a job offer: start, accept
Language development: really • We use really in spoken English: – to emphasise or intensify ideas. I’m really excited about the weekend! (very) Do you really love her? (truly / completely) – when you expect a negative response to questions or exclamations. You don’t really think I’m considering running a marathon, do you? (seriously) – as an interjection. A I think you should mind your own business! B Well, really! (expressing disapproval) A I work in the music business. B Really? (expressing interest)
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Grammar and Vocabulary Practice Grammar Past perfect simple and continuous
Past perfect vs Past simple
1
3
Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verbs.
My childhood (1) was / had been challenging but interesting. By the time I (2) had been / was ten years old, I (3) changed / had changed schools five times as my father (4) was / had been in the army and we (5) moved / had moved around the country every few years. My mother (6) wasn’t / hadn’t been very happy about this because she (7) grew / had grown up in a very stable environment in the countryside and she (8) felt / had felt that we (9) missed / had missed out on the same fun and games she (10) experienced / had experienced as a child. I actually think my siblings and I (11) were / had been lucky to live in lots of different places and meet many new people, although it (12) was / had been sad to say goodbye to them sometimes.
go look not be able to pass see study travel write
1 She ______________ around South America when she first met her boyfriend. 2 The children ______________ never ______________ snow before. 3 How long ______________ you ______________ before your first book was published? 4 Thirty minutes ______________ and I still ______________ answer a single question on the exam paper. 5 We ______________ for a hotel to stay in for the night, when our car broke down. 6 I wish I ______________ harder when I was younger so that I ______________ to university.
2
Correct the mistakes in these sentences. Be careful, some of them are correct!
1 I had never see her before in my life. 2 We had been walking and talking since two hours when we suddenly realised what the time was. 3 What have the police expected to found when they arrived at the crime scene? 4 The teacher didn’t understand where she had been going wrong with the class. 5 The children went to bed before she had got home. 6 There hadn’t been a lot of time to look at the menu when the waiter came to take their order.
Choose the correct form in the following text.
used to 4
Match the sentence halves. 1 2 3 4 5 6
I used to really enjoy running Peter used to study ballet When we lived in New York My grandparents never used to tell us off I never used to watch soap operas Sally and Fiona used to be best friends a when we were children. b until they fell out. c until I injured my knees. d I used to take its multiculturalism for granted. e but now I’m addicted to them. f but he gave up because he was teased so much.
5
Write sentences with the expressions in the box about schools in the past using used to or didn’t use to. do maths with calculators do research at the library give Powerpoint presentations handwrite assignments have longer school holidays have student counsellors to talk to receive corporal punishment walk to school wear school uniforms write on a blackboard
People didn’t use to do maths with a calculator. They used to do it in their heads.
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2
would vs used to
Round up!
6
8 Choose the correct verb forms to complete
Underline the correct form, used to, would or both in each of these sentences.
1 My little brother used to be / would be very naughty when we were children. 2 During the summer holidays our family used to often have / would often have a picnic in the park. 3 Where did you use to go / would you go to primary school? 4 How often did you use to drive / would you drive to school as a child? 5 I used to listen to / would listen to a lot of indie bands as a teenager. 6 When we were children we didn’t use to watch / wouldn’t watch much TV. We used to prefer / would prefer to play outside.
used to vs be/get used to 7
Complete the conversation with the following expressions. ’ll get used to ’m used to getting used to to get used to used to
the sentences. 1 Before I lived in the city I never ______________ my front door. 2 Lady Gaga was the first woman I ______________ in love with! 3 Once, my little brother went missing and nobody had any idea where he ______________. 4 When my mum used to put us to bed she ______________ us a bed time story. 5 As soon as the lights ______________ in the theatre someone’s mobile phone went off. 1 A had been locking C used to lock 2 A fell C used to fall 3 A had been going C used to go 4 A had been reading C read 5 A dimmed C used to dim
B had locked D would lock B had fallen D would fall B had gone D would go B had read D would read B had dimmed D would dim
9 Complete the brief biography of psychoanalyst Carl Gustav Jung with the correct form of the verbs in brackets: used to, would, Past perfect simple or Past perfect continuous.
Jake Molly Jake Molly Jake
Are you (1) ______________ your new job? Yes, I am. I found the hours very tiring to start with, but I (2) ______________ them now. How about you? How is your job going? OK, I suppose, but I can’t seem (3) ______________ my new boss. That’s a shame! You (4) ______________ love working with your old boss. I know I did. I guess I (5) ______________ this one in time too.
Carl Gustav Jung (1) ______________ (surround) from an early age by a well-educated, extended family. His father (2) ______________ (teach) him Latin from the age of six and Jung grew up speaking many modern European languages and reading several ancient ones. As an adolescent Jung (3) ______________ (be) a loner who (4) ______________ (not engage) very much with his schoolmates and by the time he (5) ______________ (become) the object of bullying at school, he (6) ______________ (learn) to fake illness in order to protect himself. He (7) ______________ (want) to study archaeology, before taking up medicine, but he was soon convinced of his chosen path of psychiatry. Jung (8) ______________ (be) an admirer of Freud’s for many years when he met him. After their first encounter, the two men (9) ______________ frequently ______________ (exchange) ideas until Freud (10) ______________ (come) to see the younger man as his true psychoanalytical successor.
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Grammar and Vocabulary Practice Vocabulary Feelings: -ed or -ing adjectives
Important life stages
10 Underline the correct alternative in the following sentences. 1 When I visited England I found the constant queuing really frustrating / frustrated. 2 My son is embarrassing / embarrassed when I kiss him in front of his friends. 3 I was so exciting / excited the day I met the Arsenal football players. 4 The view from the mountaintop was stunning / stunned. 5 The recent trend of teenagers getting increasingly depressed is worrying / worried. 6 The head teacher was really annoying / annoyed when the students played truant. 7 Do you think Laura is interesting / interested in me or is she just being friendly? 8 I love listening to relaxing / relaxed music when I get home from college.
12 Match a verb (1-10) with a word or expression (a-j) to form phrases about important stages in life. 1 be 2 become 3 become 4 fall 5 fall 6 get 7 get 8 get 9 go 10 make
Relationships 11 Write the words corresponding to these definitions. 1 a person you know well and like, but who is not a member of your family ______________ 2 in the Christian Church, a man who promises to take responsibility for a child’s religious education ______________ 3 someone who educates other people ______________ 4 the child of your uncle or aunt ______________ 5 the man you are engaged to and are going to be married to ______________ 6 the person who lives next door to you ______________ 7 the sister of your mother or father, or the wife of your uncle ______________ 8 the son of your brother or sister, or the son of your husband or wife’s brother or sister ______________ 9 the word people use to talk about their mother ______________ 10 your mother’s new husband in a second or later marriage ______________
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a a parent b out with c out with d married e in love f friends g a grandparent h engaged i christened j born
13 Write five sentences about people from exercise 11 at a life stage in exercise 12. 0 My friend Carlo was born in 1987. 1 __________________________________________ 2 __________________________________________ 3 __________________________________________ 4 __________________________________________ 5 __________________________________________ 6 __________________________________________
Phrasal verbs with up 14 Complete these phrases with the missing verbs. 1 ______________ up 2 ______________ up 3 ______________ up 4 ______________ up 5 ______________ up 6 ______________ up 7 ______________ up 8 ______________ up
with your girlfriend a friend who’s sad a bad habit with a running partner a fact on the Internet a story that’s not true an interview aerobics
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Functions 15 Replace the phrases underlined below with the phrasal verbs in exercise 14 in the correct form. 0 I haven’t started that new course at the community centre yet. haven’t taken up 1 Clive stopped smoking last week. _____________________ 2 The students invented the usual excuses about why they hadn’t done their homework. _____________________ 3 Julia had extra tuition after school because she couldn’t go at the same speed as the rest of the class. _____________________ 4 My parents separated when I was just a baby. _____________________ 5 I did really badly in yesterday’s test. _____________________ 6 I need to find a word in the dictionary. Can I borrow yours? _____________________ 7 Let’s go to the pub! I could do with feeling less sad. _____________________
Language development: really 16 Put the words into the correct order to make sentences.
Talking about feelings in the past 17 Answer the following questions about yourself. 1 What made you feel happy as a child? __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 2 What made you feel embarrassed as a child? __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 3 What used to make you angry when you were younger? Has that changed now? __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 4 What did you use to do to stop yourself feeling nervous before an exam or a test? __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 5 How have people encouraged you in the past? __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 6 At what age did you feel most confident growing up and why? __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________
1 really / you / in / ghosts / believe / do / ? __________________________________________ 2 don’t / like / that / boy / really / think / I __________________________________________ 3 difficult / homework / is / very / this / really __________________________________________ 4 a / woman / mother / beautiful / is / my / really __________________________________________ 5 until / married / met / never / really / had / I / thought / Sylvia / about / getting / I __________________________________________ 6 good / really / me / friend / a / been / John / has / to __________________________________________
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Use of English 1
Choose the odd one out. Which of these words or expressions do not usually follow these verbs?
1 become A a child B a doctor C a grandparent D a parent 2 take up A a friend B a hobby C a sport D an offer 3 mess up A an audition B an exam C an interview D a story 4 keep up A appearances B a fight C the hard work D with someone 5 fall A in B over C out with D up 6 get A annoyed B disabled C engaged D worried
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Complete these sentences with the following words. approaching disabled encouraging reputation rude run
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Complete these sentences using -ing adjectives instead of -ed ones or vice versa, but keeping the meaning similar.
0 I thought the film was boring. I was bored by the film . 1 The students were really tired at the end of the lesson. The students found ________________________. 2 We were really surprised when we heard Steve and Michelle were breaking up. The news that Steve and Michelle ___________ __________________________________________. 3 People find telling twins apart really confusing. People get ________________________________. 4 There’s nothing more annoying than missing the last bus home. I get very _________________________________. 5 What’s the most embarrassing thing that’s ever happened to you? What’s the most __________________________?
4 F
Read the text below. Use the words given in brackets to form a word that fits in each gap. The first is an example.
1 People who have a ______________ for being tough are usually just bullies. 2 Most modern buildings have a purpose-built ______________ access nowadays. 3 Welcome everybody! I’m Julie and I ______________ the students’ leisure centre. 4 I don’t really like Mark because he’s always so ______________! 5 The government is ______________ people to volunteer in their communities. 6 There have been warnings on the news of heavy storms ______________.
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For most people, exam results day at school or college is a (0) particularly (PARTICULAR) difficult and (1) ______________ (STRESS) time; mainly because parents and teachers have high (2) ______________ (EXPECT). This is fine for bright and confident students, who look forward to receiving results with nervous (3) ______________ (ANTICIPATE) and an excited gleam in their eyes, but the (4) ______________ (FEEL) of others can be less those of nervousness but more those of downright fear! Some people are surprisingly (5) ______________ (INTEREST) and bored by the whole thing, as if good or bad exam results didn’t concern or preoccupy them at all. Maybe the best (6) ______________ (REACT) of all is that of those who are filled with (7) ______________ (BELIEF) at having done so well. Later come the slightly embarrassed, (8) ______________ (FRIEND) enquiries between fellow students to exchange results. These are accompanied by appropriately (9) ______________ (ENCOURAGE) noises to people who didn’t do quite as well as expected; followed by a suitably (10) ______________ (RESPECT) pause before telling them of better results than expected. All of which causes a wealth of different emotions, which are not forgotten.
Skills Reading 1
Read the text about the Johari Window. Where does the name come from?
The Johari Window
The first time you hear about a psychological tool called the Johari Window, you might be forgiven in thinking that it is something mystical or spiritual. In fact, it is a tool to help us understand ourselves and others, which is frequently used nowadays to help with teambuilding in the workplace. Moreover, the name simply comes from the combined names of the two men who developed it in the USA in the 1950s: Joseph Luft and Harry Ingam. The Johari Window essentially splits our interaction with the world around us into four parts, much like four panes of a window, as you will see in the diagram below. What we see in ourselves
What we do not see in ourselves
What others see in us
What others do not see in us
The Blind Self
Undiscovered Self
The Public Self
The Private Self
The Public Self is what we show to the world, what we want and expect other people to know about us. The Private Self is where we hide all the things we know about ourselves, but we do not want most other people to see in us, for one reason or another (pride, embarrassment, shame, etc.). We might however let our ‘significant others’ see some aspects of our Private Self. The Blind Self reflects the views others have of us, but do not usually tell us and we do not often know about ourselves for different reasons. The Undiscovered Self is that part of ourselves neither we or other people really know and actually might never find out about. Experts believe that this part of our personality might only emerge with trained professionals such as psychologists.
2 F
Read the text again and choose the best answers (A, B, C or D) for each question.
1 The Johari Window allows us to... A get to know ourselves and others. B manage a big team. C become more religious. D see things more clearly. 2 The Public Self is the person we... A would like to be. B think others want us to be. C know we cannot be. D do not mind being. 3 We do not reveal things about our private sphere because we... A do not really know them. B do not want to. C are not allowed to do so. D are secretly proud of them. 4 We reveal private things about us to... A everybody. B nobody. C people close to us. D professionals. 5 Our Blind Self remains hidden because... A we cannot see it. B others cannot see it. C nobody can see it. D everybody can see it, but nobody likes it. 6 The Undiscovered Self... A contains all our worst secrets. B contains all our hidden strengths. C could never be known to us. D will always remain a mystery.
Listening 3
3 F You will hear more information about the Johari Window. For questions 1-7 complete the sentences.
1 People with an open persona have a ______________ Blind Self. 2 It takes a lot of time and ______________ to become an open persona. 3 A naive persona has a larger ______________ Self than most people. 4 They can be ______________ without realising that people fear and dislike them. 5 A secret persona can seem to be ______________ and in a world of their own. 6 They can become ______________ as a result of personal trauma. 7 A mysterious persona tends not to ______________ much about themselves.
Writing 4
Write a short piece about your personality type based on what you have learned about the Johari Window model. Consider the following things:
– the largest part of the window for you (public, private, blind, undiscovered); – your dominant persona (open, secretive, naive, mysterious); – if you think others see you in a similar or different way to how you see yourself; – if there are aspects of your personality which you deliberately reveal / hide; – if you would like to change any of these things and consequently your dominant persona.
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