“One of the Most Beautiful Residences in the State”
Ellie Isaacs Historic Preservation, Senior February 13, 2014 Professor Keller HIPR 211: Preservation Research
The beautiful residence located at 803 Whitaker Street in Savannah, Georgia was built in 1891 by Alfred S. Eichburg for the Wood Family. While being built, the home promised to be one of the most beautiful residences in the state. (See Figure 1) The house has stood through the test of time and currently stands as a grand remembrance of the past. Architect Alfred S. Eichburg was born on August 23, 1859, possibly in New York City. Eichburg joined architect Calvin Fay in 1881. (See Figure 2) They are most well known for the Telfair Hospital, built in 1884 at the southern end of Forsyth Park in Savannah, Georgia. Eichburg flourished primarily in Atlanta, Georgia from 1882 to 1886. They moved to Savannah, Georgia in 1886 and flourished till 1893. In May of 1896, Eichburg became partner with architect Hyman W. Witcover. Eichburg built numerous prominent residential and commercial buildings in Savannah.1 (See Figure 3) The building specialty he is so well known for is the Richardsonian Romanesque style. One of his best works in Savannah is the Wood residence at 803 Whitaker Street. Also recorded are builders of the property, Henry Bartlett, carpenter, and John R. Eason, mason.2 Eichburg
1 Georgia Historical Society, Savannah, Georgia, Vertical Biography File: 2 Georgia Historical Society, Savannah, Georgia, Savannah Morning News, “A Handsome Home,” 20 July 1890.
is said to have left Savannah in 1898 to go to California. Alfred Eichburg died on May 15, 1921 and is buried in Atlanta.3 The original owner of the fine home was Mr. James Solomon Wood, partner in J.S. Wood and Brother located on Bay Street. Originally from Georgia, he was a cotton factor and wool merchant from 1883 to 1925.4 Wood had the home at 803 Whitaker Street built in 1891 for his family. James was married to Mrs. Mary L. Ervin Wood, who was an active leader of local women’s activities in Savannah. Her memberships include: the Daughters of the American Revolution, Federation of Women’s Clubs, the Huntington Club, the United Daughters of the Confederacy, the Women’s Exchange and the American Legion Auxiliary.5 James and Mary had five total children and four of those children lived to adulthood: Augusta Wood Dubose (b. 1887), Rosalind Wood Chapman (b. 1888), Jared Irwin Wood (b. 1893), and Raiford James Wood (b.1895).6 Augusta, age 20,
3 “Vertical Biography File: Alfred S. Eichburg” 4 Georgia Historical Society, Savannah, Georgia, Archival Collection: Wood Family Letters (1886 – 1953), MS 1996. Biographical Note. 5 Ibid. 6 Kaye Kole Genealogy and Local History Rooms, Live Oak Public/Bull Street Library, Savannah, Georgia. 1900 Census, Savannah, Georgia, 8-5231
married Chaes DuBose, age 27, in 1907 in Savannah.7 (See Figure 4) By 1920, Census Records show that Augusta and her son, Charles age 11, were residing at 803 Whitaker Street even though she is still listed as married.8 (See Figure 5) James lived in the house until he died on January 21, 1927.9 By 1930, Raiford is listed as head of household and Augusta is listed as widowed.10 (See Figure 6) However, in 1940 Augusta is listed as divorced.11 (See Figure 7) No other records could be found concerning this matter, so it remains a mystery. Mrs. Wood continued to live in the house until she died in March 1954.12 Her and her husband both died in the Whitaker Street home. Kole Genealogy and Local History Rooms, Live Oak Public/Bull Street Library, Savannah, Georgia. Ancestry.com. Savannah, Georgia Vital Records, 1803-1966 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. 2011. Accessed February 2014.
7 Kaye
8 Kaye
Kole Genealogy and Local History Rooms, Live Oak Public/Bull Street Library, Savannah, Georgia. 1920 Census, Savannah, Georgia, 1-651 9 Georgia
Historical Society, Savannah, Georgia, City Directory. City of Savannah, Georgia. 1928. s.v. “803 Whitaker St.”
10 Kaye
Kole Genealogy and Local History Rooms, Live Oak Public/Bull Street Library, Savannah, Georgia. 1930 Census, Savannah, Georgia, 4LW-26-25 11 Kaye
Kole Genealogy and Local History Rooms, Live Oak Public/Bull Street Library, Savannah, Georgia. 1940 Census, Savannah, Georgia, 6-1125-37 12 Georgia Historical Society, Savannah, Georgia, City Directory. City of Savannah, Georgia. 1955. s.v. “803 Whitaker St.”
James and Mary’s youngest son, Raiford, then lived in the house until 1971.13 Raiford is known to have been an artist, historian and World War I hero. He graduated from the Georgia Military Academy and the University of Georgia. While stationed in France during WWI, he earned both the Purple Heart and Silver Star. (See Figures 8) After his service in the army, Raiford became partner in the family business with his father from 1912 to 1922.14 During the time before his mother passed, Raiford turned the adjoining lot, previously lot number two which was a garden, into the Arwood Apartments as a source of income. The lots were still connected at this time.15 The Sanborn Map of 1916, volume 2, lists the apartments located at 805 Whitaker Street as a three story “flat” structure.16 (See Figure 9) The structure appears to be listed as a metal lumber frame building with brick. There is also indication of firewalls that are 18” above the roofline. There are four two-story concrete porches at each corner of the building, connected to the second and third floors. It also indicates 13 Georgia
Historical Society, Savannah, Georgia, City Directory. City of Savannah, Georgia. 1971. s.v. “803 Whitaker St.”
14 Georgia
Historical Society, Savannah, Georgia, Archival Collection: Wood Family Letters (1886 – 1953), MS 1996. Biographical Note.
15 Georgia
Historical Society, Savannah, Georgia, Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps for Georgia Towns and Cities, Volume Two. Map of Savannah, Georgia, 1916.
16 Ibid.
that there were windows on all stories of the building. Outbuildings on the lot at the time consisted of a one-story timber frame garage that possibly has two bays. The Apartments appear in the City Directory for the first time in 1927, thus assuming they were completed in 1926.17 Around the same time, he began his prize winning career as an artist and during the depression he worked with the Historical Records Survey in Georgia. From 1944 to 1956, Raiford directed the Telfair Academy of Arts and Sciences, was president of the Savannah Arts Association and was a member of the Board of Curators at the Georgia Historical Society. He died on February 24, 1974 in Savannah.18 Today, the Arwood Apartments are still inhabited for its original use. However, today there is no outbuilding in the back yard, just a bricked over parking area. We can see that there is also a functional basement as well as brick porches on the first story, both presumed to be original. The house at 803 Whitaker Street sat vacant from 1972 until 1982, when Mr. B.H. Willingham purchased the home.19 He apparently made 17 Georgia Historical Society, Savannah, Georgia. City Directory. City of Savannah, Georgia. 1927. s.v. “803 Whitaker St.” 18 Georgia
Historical Society, Savannah, Georgia, Archival Collection: Wood Family Letters (1886 – 1953), MS 1996. Biographical Note. 19Georgia Historical Society, Savannah, Georgia. City Directory. City of Savannah, Georgia. 1982. s.v. “803 Whitaker St.”
interior renovations of an unknown capacity to the home during the 1980s. Mr. Willingham lived in the home until 1992, when Corim Incorporated purchased the home.20 That same year Mrs. Helen O’Neill May Brown and Mr. Michael Brown purchased the home.21 In 1998, Durbin Holdings LLC purchased the house.22 In September of 2009, the home was purchased by Bartholomew Properties Incorporated and has remained under that name since.23 After investigation, since 1998 Michael Brown, who was head of the corporations listed above at that time, has technically owned the property and currently lives in the home today. The house is located in Lloyd Ward, which was named in 1860.24 The rapid development of this area was dependent on the street railway system and the lack of fire building codes.25 This resulted in buildings being mostly frame construction. The typical wood-frame simple cottage character with applied ornament building in the area indicates that the 20 Savannah Area Geographic Information System,”803 Whitaker Street.” Property Record Card: 2013. Available from Chatham County Board of Assessors. http://www.sagis.org/app/default.htm. Accessed 9 January 2014. 21 Ibid.
22 Ibid. 23 Ibid. 24 The
Library of Congress, “Savannah Victorian Historic District, Bounded by Gwinnett Street, East Broad Street, Anderson Lane and West Broad Street, Savannah, Chatham County, Georgia.” Available online from Historic American Buildings Survey Record, HABS No. GA – 1169. 25 Ibid.
area was a working middle class area.26 The residence at 803 Whitaker is known as a spectacular atypical example of the Victorian District due to its building materials, ornamental detail and scale. The Sanborn Fire Insurance Map of 1898 shows multiple water pipes, and assumedly sewage as well, in the streets, indicating that the home had interior plumbing.27 (See Figure 10) It also indicates that Whitaker Street and West Gwinnett Street were paved. “Brick or cobblestone paths were initially placed at major crossings. Whitaker Street and a few other major thoroughfares in the Victorian District were paved with cobblestone but this was not a particularly sanitary solution, so beginning about 1900 the streets were paved in vitrified brick.”28 Historically, before development of the Victorian District, the area consisted of farm lots set aside in Oglethorpe’s plan for the city.29 With lack of documentation on the land before the house was built, it is assumed that the lots before Mr. Wood bought them were farmland. The property lot of 803 Whitaker Street came into the Wood family when Mr. 26 Ibid. 27 Georgia Historical Society, Savannah, Georgia. Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps for Georgia Towns and Cities, Volume One. Map of Savannah, Georgia, 1898. 28 The Library of Congress, “Savannah Victorian Historic District, Bounded by Gwinnett Street, East Broad Street, Anderson Lane and West Broad Street, Savannah, Chatham County, Georgia.” 29 Ibid.
James S. Wood purchased it from a Mr. Owens on August 2, 1889.30 (See Figure 11) By 1891, Wood is listed to have both lots one and two of Lloyd Ward at $8,500 for the lots and no improvements.31 Mr. Wood is said to have paid Eichburg $20,000 for his grand residence.32 By 1892, Wood is listed to have both lots at $8,500 for the lots and $16,000 of improvements.33 (See Figure 12) Today, 803 Whitaker Street is located on lot one of Lloyd Ward in the Victorian District of Savannah. This is the corner lot of block four hundred and forty-three facing the Forsyth Park Extension. The Forsyth Extension, also known as the Parade Ground, was completed in 1869.34 (See Figure 13) West Gwinnett Street bounds the property lot to the north, Whitaker Street to the east and Howard Street to
Hall, Research Library and Municipal Archives, Savannah, Georgia. Engineering – Private Property Surveys. Volume 1. s.v, “Application for Survey,” page 12.
30 City
31 Mary
Morrison, ed. Georgia Historical Society. Mary Morrison Papers Collection 1320. Ward Notebooks. s.v. “Lloyd.”
32 David
E. Kelley, Images of America: Building Savannah. (New York: Arcadia Publishing, 2000) page117. 33 Mary Morrison Papers Collection 1320. 34 The Library of Congress, “Savannah Victorian Historic District, Bounded by Gwinnett Street, East Broad Street, Anderson Lane and West Broad Street, Savannah, Chatham County, Georgia.”
the west. The property currently sits on 0.18040932 acres of land with a land value of $251,500.35 (See Figures 12) The Savannah Morning Newspaper on March 10, 1890 stated, “J.S. Wood about to begin the erection of a handsome residence at Gwinnett and Whitaker fronting park extension.”36 In architectural style, the residence at 803 Whitaker Street is Richardsonian Romanesque.37 (See Figures 14) The structure is masonry with rough faced, squared granite in the foundation. The walls of the structure are brick. The façade is asymmetrical with emphasis on the protruding partial front porch. There are round-topped arches over the windows on the third level, as well as Syrian arches over the front porch supports. The Syrian arches on the front porch rest on squat columns. There is an occurrence of three in the arches on the east and south sides of the front porch. There is also a recessed portico on the front façade capped with granite quoining and a granite column with a Corinthian style capital. The windows are recessed into the masonry and windows on the second story only have a single pane of 35 Savannah Area Geographic Information System,”803 Whitaker Street.” Property Record Card: 2013. Available from Chatham County Board of Assessors. http://www.sagis.org/app/default.htm. Accessed 9 January 2014. 36Georgia Historical Society, Savannah, Georgia, Savannah Morning News, “A Handsome Home,” 20 July 1890. 37 Virginia
and Lee McAlester, A Field Guide to American Houses, (New York: Alfred A. Knopf 2011).
glass. There is also a rounded oriel window on the second story of the front façade that once held stained glass. There are three arched windows on the third story of the front façade into the attic space. These are capped with granite quoining at each end, with small terra cotta columns in between the windows. There is much terra cotta relief detail against the roofline of the home. The roof is hipped with two cross gables and covered with composition shingles. The roof also has an arched deck roof dormer with sidewalls. The interior of the house was to be just as elaborate as the exterior. In a letter from James Wood to his wife, Mary, on September 3, 1890, they discussed the wood choices for the interior of the home. He told her that the parlor and library, and their ceilings, were to be in quartered sycamore; the hall and stair and ceiling in natural oak; the dining room and ceiling in antique oak; and lastly his “little room” in pine. James said, “That house will have cost a pile of money, but it will be the finest house in the city.”38 The house contains eight original fireplaces, an inglenook (See Figure 15), elaborate woodcarving, a stunning main staircase, pocket doors with detailed hardware, original gas light fixtures and chandeliers, stained glass windows, a hand painted dining room ceiling, and a Federal 38 Georgia Historical Society, Savannah, Georgia, Archival Collection: Mary S. Irwin Wood Papers (1886 – 1924), MS 1366. Folder One.
style parlor. (See Figures 16) The parlor, with its wood fireplace mantle, paneling and cornice, was apparently removed from the Wood’s first Savannah home, located on Oglethorpe Street, and re-installed in the Whitaker Street home. Thus making the “back parlor” the oldest room of the home.39 The residence at 803 Whitaker Street has another rare gem in its interior, Moorish Fretwork. In 1893, the Savannah Morning News estimated “nearly 50 new residences of Moorish and Gothic architecture.”40 Moorish Fret, or Interlaced, woodwork is constructed of spiral moldings that are cut in such a way as to intermix or weave them.41 (See Figures 17) Through previous research completed by Mr. Paul Tucker, it is presumed that the Fretwork was ordered from the C.S. Ransom Company catalog of New York or Cleveland, Ohio, as they were the originators of Moorish Fretwork. The work was patented by the government on October 28, 1884 and started listing as an article of merchandise on September 15, 1885. The Company advertises that, “The Frets are finished in the same manner as Brown, Interview by author, personal meeting; hard copies of information and photos provided. Savannah, Georgia. January 24, 2014. 40 Images of America: Building Savannah. page117. 41 Paul Tucker. Interview by author, personal emails and copy of information in previous informational report given to author by Michael Brown. February 2014. 39 Michael
other cabinet work, in oils or varnishes, the wood being left natural or stained to imitate Mahogany, Rosewood, Antique, Oak, etc. We also finish them in colors, Bronzes and in White and Gold.” The price of the Fretwork, “of one plain continuous pattern of Moorish design, $2.50 per square foot.” The design in the residence is called Moorish Number 19. The Fretwork is located above doorways on the first floor, the main entranceway as well as integrated in the main staircase. The question that has yet to be answered is if Eichburg planned for the Fretwork in the interior or if it is an element that the Wood family added afterwards? Over time, changes have been made to the exterior of the home. The Sanborn Map 1898 lists the home as a two story dwelling, brick with a frame cornice on the east façade.42 (See Figure 10) It shows an open framed front porch, a one-story brick front porch, a framed second story porch and a small one-story brick back porch. There are also four open circles, which either indicate an iron chimney or vertical piping. The Sanborn Map of 1916, volume two, lists the home as a two story dwelling,
Fire Insurance Maps for Georgia Towns and Cities, Volume One. Map of Savannah, Georgia, 1898.
42 Sanborn
brick with a frame cornice on the north and east façade.43 (See Figure 9) It shows a one story front porch and a two story back porch. There are also four open circles, which either indicate an iron chimney, or vertical piping. It also lists a one-story automotive (garage) frame building. Estimating by comparing the length with a similar garage down the same alley at 817 Whitaker, it is about ten stalls long. The garage indicates a filled in black circle, suggesting either a water hydrant, steam boiler, or stone front. In February 1920, the porch was enlarged for $750.44 (See Figure 18) This is assumed to be the front porch to the home. Currently, the house is in a state of disrepair. (See Figures 19) The front porch has rotted wooden floorboards and is missing the ceiling. The second set of steps located at the southern end of the front porch is gone. The iconic and delicate ironwork on the front porch is missing or in need of repair. The terra cotta columns on the front porch are missing pieces. Several windowpanes are missing glass or covered up with boards. The beautiful stained glass in the second floor of the oriel window was been 43 Georgia Historical Society, Savannah, Georgia. Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps for Georgia Towns and Cities, Volume Two. Map of Savannah, Georgia, 1916. 44 City
Hall, Research Library and Municipal Archives, Savannah, Georgia. Improvement Books by Ward. s.v. “Lloyd Ward, J.S. Wood.”
replaced with clear glass panes for unknown reasons. The railing on top of the window is also missing. The wood frame porch on the second floor is missing spindles and railings. The wooden cornice is rotted and missing multiple pieces, its existence is almost unapparent. The windows on the west side of the façade are bricked in. It almost appears as if this was originally designed this way but it is currently unknown. The brick of the façade, granite of the foundation, and concrete of the privacy wall also have a substantial amount of biological growth. Renovations are said to have been made to the interior of the home during the 1970s or the 1980s. The extent of those renovations is unknown. The current owner, Michael Brown, stated that he is currently in the process of restoring the interior. In March, Hungarian craftsman are planned to continue extensive work on the interior architectural details.45 The property is listed today having a building value of $706,600, and a total real estate value of $958,100. 46
Brown, Interview by author. 46 Savannah Area Geographic Information System,”803 Whitaker Street.” Property Record Card: 2013. 45 Michael
While being built, the Savannah Morning News stated, “The house in its entirety is a flattering tribute to the resources of our state and the skill of her workmen.”47 Scott Austin Sidler once said on the Preservation Nation blog, "Old houses tell a story. They have a history. There is something about running your hand down a banister that generations of people have held in their hands for centuries. It gives you a sense of place and time, and a perspective on where you fit in this huge, sometimes impersonal world. You are a part -- a small but important part -- of a much greater story." 48 Research is to continue on the beauty of 803 Whitaker Street. More in depth analysis is going to be applied to the Fretwork, especially in relation to its context of Savannah and the architect, to the interior floor plan of the home, including its possible renovations in the 1970s and 1980s as well as the current conditions and restorations.
47 Savannah Morning News, “A Handsome Home.” 48 Austin Scott Sidler, “Why I Love Old Houses,” PreservationNationBlog, National Trust for Historic Preservation, http://blog.preservationnation.org/2012/05/11/why-i-love-oldhouses/#.UvxhmigSrnU.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Brown, Michael. Interview by author, personal meeting; hard copies of information and photos provided. Savannah, Georgia. January 24, 2014.
Chatham County Courthouse, Records Room, Savannah, Georgia. Cadastral Survey. s.v. “Lot Number 1 Lloyd Ward.” Ward Books. s.v. “Lot Number 1 Lloyd Ward.”
City Hall, Research Library and Municipal Archives, Savannah, Georgia. Engineering – Private Property Surveys. Volume 1. s.v, “Application for Survey,” page 12. Improvement Books by Ward. s.v. “Lloyd Ward, J.S. Wood.”
Georgia Historical Society, Savannah, Georgia. Architects and Builders Notebook, Pages 4 and 5. “Eichburg, Alfred S.” 31 March 2007. Archival Collection: Wood Family Letters (1886 – 1953), MS 1996. Biographical Note. Archival Collection: Mary S. Irwin Wood Papers (1886 – 1924), MS 1366. Folder One. City Directory. City of Savannah, Georgia. 1891. s.v. “803 Whitaker St.” City Directory. City of Savannah, Georgia. 1892. s.v. “803 Whitaker St.” City Directory. City of Savannah, Georgia. 1899. s.v. “803 Whitaker St.”
City Directory. City of Savannah, Georgia. 1909. s.v. “803 Whitaker St.” City Directory. City of Savannah, Georgia. 1919. s.v. “803 Whitaker St.” City Directory. City of Savannah, Georgia. 1927. s.v. “803 Whitaker St.” City Directory. City of Savannah, Georgia. 1928. s.v. “803 Whitaker St.” City Directory. City of Savannah, Georgia. 1930. s.v. “803 Whitaker St.” City Directory. City of Savannah, Georgia. 1940. s.v. “803 Whitaker St.” City Directory. City of Savannah, Georgia. 1950. s.v. “803 Whitaker St.” City Directory. City of Savannah, Georgia. 1952. s.v. “803 Whitaker St.” City Directory. City of Savannah, Georgia. 1954. s.v. “803 Whitaker St.” City Directory. City of Savannah, Georgia. 1955. s.v. “803 Whitaker St.” City Directory. City of Savannah, Georgia. 1960. s.v. “803 Whitaker St.” City Directory. City of Savannah, Georgia. 1970. s.v. “803 Whitaker St.” City Directory. City of Savannah, Georgia. 1971. s.v. “803 Whitaker St.” City Directory. City of Savannah, Georgia. 1972. s.v. “803 Whitaker St.” City Directory. City of Savannah, Georgia. 1975. s.v. “803 Whitaker St.”
City Directory. City of Savannah, Georgia. 1980. s.v. “803 Whitaker St.” City Directory. City of Savannah, Georgia. 1981. s.v. “803 Whitaker St.” City Directory. City of Savannah, Georgia. 1982. s.v. “803 Whitaker St.” City Directory. City of Savannah, Georgia. 1991. s.v. “803 Whitaker St.” Cordaray – Foltz Photography Studio Collection 1360, Photograph of Residence at 803 Whitaker Street, Box 13, Folder 19, Item Number 12 Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps for Georgia Towns and Cities, Volume One. Map of Savannah, Georgia, 1898. Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps for Georgia Towns and Cities, Volume Two. Map of Savannah, Georgia, 1916. Savannah Morning News, “A Handsome Home,” 20 July 1890. Vertical Biography File: “Alfred S. Eichburg.”
Kaye Kole Genealogy and Local History Rooms, Live Oak Public/Bull Street Library, Savannah, Georgia. 1900 Census, Savannah, Georgia, 8-52-31 1910 Census, Savannah, Georgia, 1-53-1 1920 Census, Savannah, Georgia, 1-65-1 1930 Census, Savannah, Georgia, 4-LW-26-25 1940 Census, Savannah, Georgia, 6-11-25-37 Ancestry.com. Savannah, Georgia Vital Records, 1803-1966 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. 2011. Accessed February 2014.
Graden, Debra, comp., U.S. Military Records, 1925: Official National Guard Register [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. 2000. Accessed February 2014. Graden, Debra, comp., U.S. Military Records, 1917-1918: World War I Draft Registration Cards [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. 2000. Accessed February 2014. Graden, Debra, comp., U.S. Military Records,1917-1919: World War I Service Cards [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. 2000. Accessed February 2014.
Kelley, David E. Images of America: Building Savannah. (New York: Arcadia Publishing, 2000) pages 92, 117.
The Library of Congress. “803 Whitaker Street - Savannah Victorian Historic District, Bounded by Gwinnett Street, East Broad Street, Anderson Lane and West Broad Street, Savannah, Chatham County, Georgia.” Available online from Historic American Buildings Survey Record. HABS No. GA, 26-SAV. 53 – 219 to 53 – 223, and 53-254. “Savannah Victorian Historic District, Bounded by Gwinnett Street, East Broad Street, Anderson Lane and West Broad Street, Savannah, Chatham County, Georgia.” Available online from Historic American Buildings Survey Record, HABS No. GA – 1169.
McAlester, Virginia and Lee. A Field Guide to American Houses. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf 2011).
Morrison, Mary, ed. Georgia Historical Society. Mary Morrison Papers Collection 1320. Ward Notebooks. s.v. “Lloyd.”
Savannah Area Geographic Information System,”803 Whitaker Street.” Property Record Card: 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013. Available from Chatham
County Board of Assessors. http://www.sagis.org/app/default.htm. Accessed 9 January 2014.
Sidler, Austin Scott, “Why I Love Old Houses,� PreservationNationBlog, National Trust for Historic Preservation, http://blog.preservationnation.org/2012/05/11/why-i-love-oldhouses/#.UvxhmigSrnU.
Tucker, Paul. Interview by author, personal emails and copy of information in previous informational report given to author by Michael Brown. February 2014.
APPENDIX
Figure One
Figure Two
Figure Three
Figure Four
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FIGURE 9
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FIGURE 10
Figure Twelve
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Figure Eighteen
FIGURE 18
Figures Nineteen
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