Final Presentation TU Delft MSc by Emma Grun

REBINDING THE CENTRE

An urban restructure proposal of the Historical City Core of Managua through its cultural, landscape & heritage assets

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EMMA GRÜN P5 PRESENTATION OF THE GRADUATION PROJECT TU DELFT MASTER ARCHITECTURE, URBANISM AND BUILDING SCIENCES 27th OF JULY, 2013

PRESENTATION STRUCTURE ABSTRACT PREVIEW 1. Project Aim & Approach 2. Problem Field & Methodology 3. PART 1 - Urban scale: Managua 4. PART 2 - Local scale: The Central Area 5. PART 3 - Intervention scale: The Historical Urban Core 6. Future Scope & Conclusion

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ABSTRACT OVERVIEW OF SCALES & LOCATION

Macro-regional & National scale

Department & Municipal scale

City & Local scale 3/62

ABSTRACT The process of the phenomena of urbanization within developing countries in Latin America, such as Nicaragua, has increased the appearance of urban informality in the socio-spatial structure. Moreover, the lack of a clear planning framework has led Nicaraguan cities such as Managua, to an urban structure, which no longer relates the urban system to a coherent urban form. Thus, increasing social, urban and environmental vulnerability of the most susceptible part of the population.

Current Planning Framework

Current Conditions

Stakeholder Demands

Criteria Solutions INTEGRATED CONSERVATION APPROACH

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PROBLEM FIELD: Informal process

ABSTRACT In Managua, the sectoral approach to spatial planning development is causing urban growth to be directed through market-based initiatives, as well as fragmented and punctual public interventions. It lacks an inclusion of spatialization of regulations as tools to begin with the process of inclusion and assessment of values; to avoid the continuing loss of identity and sense of place of the city.

Current Planning Framework

Current Conditions

Stakeholder Demands

Criteria Solutions

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INTEGRATED CONSERVATION APPROACH

PROBLEM FIELD: Stagnated decay

ABSTRACT This resulted in the proposal of a new model of development that aims at integrated actions with a multidimensional, multi-actor and multi-scalar setting. Overall, this thesis proposes to replace missing links with a flexible and dynamic frame that achieves integrated relations of systems and governance levels.

Current Planning Framework

Current Conditions

Stakeholder Demands

Criteria Solutions

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INTEGRATED CONSERVATION APPROACH

PROBLEM FIELD: Risk from natural hazards

SIMPLIFIED THESIS METHODOLOGY

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PREVIEW Proposals (Outcomes):

National (Spatial) Development Plan (Integration of Systems) Regulations Regional Alliances (Neighbouring Municipal Strategies)

Critical Review of the Spatial Planning Framework

Civil Society Department Citizen Councils

Review of Current Conditions

Municipal Plans

Stakeholder Demands

CIVIL SOCIETY

AMUNIC Association of Municipalities

MUNICIPALITY OF MANAGUA

MARENA Ministry of Natural Resources

EXECUTION AGENCY

MTI Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure

Private Sector

Partial Plans Policies Instruments & Principles (spatialization)

Local Citizen Councils

CIVIL SOCIETY

EXTERNAL COOPERATION

TECHNICAL AID

PRIVATE ENTERPRISES

MUNICIPALITY OF MANAGUA (TERRITORIAL DISTRICTS I, II, IV)

PRIVATE ENTERPRISE TECHNICAL AID

EXECUTION AGENCY EXECUTIONERS

BOARD OF TRUSTEES

CENTRAL GOVERNMENT

EXECUTIONERS

BOARD OF TRUSTEES

Criteria Solutions INTEGRATED CONSERVATION APPROACH

1. Analytical Framework

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2. Local Development Strategy within a Regional Strategy

3. Visions and Framework for specific local interventions

4. Decision Making Process: Management and Spatial Planning Framework.

HYPOTHESIS

PROJECT AIM &

Recuperation of the Historical Core by the recognition of its assets: Cultural landscape; Spatial Structural role; Citizen participation

APPROACH 2. PROBLEM FIELD & METHODOLOGY

Restoration of the urban structure’s: Sense of place Identity

3. PART 1 MANAGUA 4.

Activation of the city’s urban restructuring initiatives Coordination of territorial objectives

PART 2 CENTRAL AREA 5. PART 3 -

Coherent urban form development: Sustainable; Resilient; Responsive to local needs;Attractive & Competitive 9/62

INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE & CONCLUSION

AIM

PROJECT AIM & APPROACH

Recognize the importance of the Historical City Core of Managua in relation to its city structure.

Reinforce the identity of the city towards generating a vision of urban structuring based on heritage and cultural landscape values.

2. PROBLEM FIELD & METHODOLOGY 3. PART 1 MANAGUA 4. PART 2 CENTRAL AREA

[Towards] Amplifying its opportunities, functional inclusion and a better environmental perfor mance.

5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE

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& CONCLUSION

PROBLEM STATEMENT

PROJECT AIM & APPROACH

Planning framework for the urban development of the city of Managua

2. PROBLEM FIELD &

Education & social progress

Business development

National tourism development

Local Health & Metropolitan government & sustainability attractiveness participatory democracy

METHODOLOGY

Urban structure

Spatial identity

3. PART 1 MANAGUA

Summary: Lack of clear structural planning framework for the urban development of the city of Managua. 1- Denied cohesive urban structure with a planning direction, which recognizes the potentials of its historical city core that today is a complex area with lost functional and structural values. 2- Low sustainable performance.

4. PART 2 CENTRAL AREA 5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE

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& CONCLUSION

PROBLEM STATEMENT Lack of clear structural planning framework for the urban development of the city of Managua.

1- Denied cohesive urban structure with a planning direction, which recognizes the potentials of its historical city core that today is a complex area with lost functional and structural values.

1. PROJECT AIM & APPROACH 2. PROBLEM FIELD & METHODOLOGY 3.

Period 30s - 60s

Period following the 1972 earthquake

The structure of the city is Managua had a unipolar urban transformed from unipolar to structure: the city had a defined multipolar, signifying the change of urban centre. an urban centre by one of several Managua originates from the shores centres. of Lake Managua, organized under In creating this multi-polarity, in a regular and compact layout the margins and intended distance, characteristic of the colonial city. there was a loss of the sense of history of the city; causing disorder and also loss of the functional sense of the city.

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PART 1 -

Polycentric model in Managua: distributed clusters with a high level of dispersion. Labour market fragmentation creates trips from all over the city with a random pattern of origin and destination flows. Lack of recognition of the potentials of the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s historical city core with its functional and structural values has generated throughout the years a disembedded network of marketbased investments as its periphery.

MANAGUA 4. PART 2 CENTRAL AREA 5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE & CONCLUSION

PROBLEM STATEMENT Lack of clear structural planning framework for the urban development of the city of Managua. 2- Low sustainable performance.

PROJECT AIM & APPROACH 2. PROBLEM FIELD & METHODOLOGY 3. PART 1 -

Managua’s Central Area lake shore in 2004 Managua’s Central Area lake shore in 2007 Managua’s Central Area lake shore in 2010

MANAGUA

The new developments to the south of the city centre are causing significant changes in the patterns of drainage and infiltration due to increasing urbanization and deforestation, the effects of which result in the emergence of new flood zones, as well as increased sedimentation process on the shores of Lake Managua. This generates high environmental vulnerability in the historical city core area adding up to the existing social vulnerability it possesses.

4. PART 2 CENTRAL AREA 5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE

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& CONCLUSION

PROBLEM STATEMENT

Nonetheless, in recent years due to the interest of the current government there has been a response through specific projects to this social vulnerability. However, these punctual projects lack an integrated view that includes environmental issues, cultural and historical values and the vision of the city as a whole.

PROJECT AIM & APPROACH 2. PROBLEM FIELD & METHODOLOGY 3. PART 1 MANAGUA

Consolidation of the Governmental Core

Redevelopment of regional and local recreational facilities

4. PART 2 CENTRAL AREA

5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6.

Development of Social Housing 14/62

FUTURE SCOPE & CONCLUSION

PRESENTATION STRUCTURE PARTIAL METHODOLOGY: ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK

1. PROJECT AIM & APPROACH 2. PROBLEM FIELD & METHODOLOGY 3. PART 1 MANAGUA 4. PART 2 CENTRAL AREA 5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE

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& CONCLUSION

PRESENTATION STRUCTURE

PROJECT AIM &

PARTIAL METHODOLOGY: ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK

APPROACH

PART I URBAN SCALE

Analytical Model Application

Managua’s Vision

PROBLEM FIELD & METHODOLOGY

PART II LOCAL SCALE

Analytical Model Application

Central Area Vision

PART 1 MANAGUA 4.

PART III Problem INTERVENTION Review SCALE

PART 2 -

Local Development Strategy

CENTRAL AREA 5. PART 3 -

The Historical Core as the heart of the City Centre The Historical Core as Heritage Landscape The Historical Core as Regenerator of Urban Form 16/62

INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE & CONCLUSION

PART I - CITY SCALE: MANAGUA

PROJECT AIM & APPROACH 2. PROBLEM FIELD &

PART I URBAN SCALE

Analytical Model Application

Managua’s Vision

Managua’s Municipal Development Plan

PART II LOCAL SCALE

Analytical Model Application

3. PART 1 -

Central Area Vision

PART III Problem INTERVENTION Review SCALE

METHODOLOGY

Local Development Strategy

The Historical Core as the heart of the City Centre The Historical Core as Heritage Landscape The Historical Core as Regenerator of Urban Form

Reading the City of Managua

Stakeholders Demands

MANAGUA 4. PART 2 -

Criteria Solutions INTEGRATED CONSERVATION APPROACH

CENTRAL AREA 5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE

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& CONCLUSION

PART I - CITY SCALE MANAGUA UNILINEAR SYSTEM APPROACH Managuaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Municipal Development Plan

Reading the city

Stakeholders Demands

Criteria Solutions

Managua, promoter of comprehensive education, generator of opportunities and social progress Managua, space for business development at the National and Central American level

INTEGRATED CONSERVATION APPROACH

Managua, intermediary city for national tourism development

PROJECT AIM &

INTEGRATED APPROACH

APPROACH 2. PROBLEM FIELD & METHODOLOGY 3. PART 1 MANAGUA 4.

Managua, clean, healthy and sustainable Municipality

PART 2 -

Managua, organized, functional and attractive metropolitan city

Managua, efficient and transparent local government, promoter of participatory democracy and equitable development

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CENTRAL AREA

PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE & CONCLUSION

PART I - CITY SCALE MANAGUA Managua’s Municipal Development Plan

Reading the city

Stakeholders Demands

Criteria Solutions

PROJECT AIM & APPROACH

Managua’s Municipal Development Plan (PGDM, 2002) Results: Approaches based primarily on the demands and needs identified by the participating actors. Content: The proposal comprises a Future Vision of the municipality of Managua and establishes development guidelines as starting points for local development management and general framework for all stakeholders based on its vision.

2. PROBLEM FIELD & METHODOLOGY 3.

INTEGRATED CONSERVATION APPROACH

PART 1 MANAGUA 4. PART 2 Environmental: Tiscapa reservoir area in continuous process of degratation

Residents: Informal settlements that live in precari- Transportation: effective service and spatial reous conditions and low quality of life sponse to needs

CENTRAL AREA 5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6.

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Municipal and Central Government: regeneration of Urban Park, beautification of the main axis of the Central Area and Governmental Core

Municipal and Central Government: Beautification and restructuring of the main axis of the Central Area and Governmental Core

Private sector: attractive areas to invest that are well accessed and secure

FUTURE SCOPE & CONCLUSION

PART I - CITY SCALE MANAGUA Managua’s Municipal Development Plan

Reading the city

Stakeholders Demands

Criteria Solutions

PROJECT AIM &

1. Managua in the region:

APPROACH

Aim: Recognition of the participation of Managua in an integration process in metropolitan development.

Conclusions:

PROBLEM FIELD &

Potential impacts: i.e. Enhancement of the city’s competitiveness.

METHODOLOGY

Negative impacts: i.e. Increase socio-spatial polarization in metropolitan areas. 3.

INTEGRATED CONSERVATION APPROACH

PART 1 -

1. Managua’s potential in the region

MANAGUA

2. Floating centres

4. PART 2 -

3. Development polarization

CENTRAL AREA

4. Diminished value of historical heritage

5. PART 3 INTERVENTION

Main interregional flows in Central America

Source: Census data base (2002), Nitlapán UCA - FLACSO (2004) CEPAL (2002). Retrieved on June, 14, 2013 from www.a-01.net

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Remittances income in Central America

Source: BID / CEPAL. Retrieved on June, 14, 2013 from www.a-01.net

6. FUTURE SCOPE & CONCLUSION

PART I - CITY SCALE MANAGUA 2. Floating centres: Managuaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Municipal Development Plan

Reading the city

Stakeholders Demands

Criteria Solutions INTEGRATED CONSERVATION APPROACH

Aim: Study the urban structure, its the emerging centres and distribution of uses. Conclusions: Fragmented condition of the urban structure with a number of independently functioning centres that does not respond to the necessities of its citizens. The centres are disconnected with their context and continue to give way to increased polarization, i.e. when large infrastructure investments are constructed.

PROJECT AIM & APPROACH 2. PROBLEM FIELD & METHODOLOGY 3. PART 1 MANAGUA 4. PART 2 CENTRAL AREA 5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE

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Structure of Centres in Managua. Source: Made by the author.

& CONCLUSION

PART I - CITY SCALE MANAGUA Managua’s Municipal Development Plan

Reading the city

Stakeholders Demands

Criteria Solutions

3. Development polarization: Aim: Recognize the type of spatial transformation Conclusions: Discontinuous and disjointed poverty and marginalization throughout the fabric. Low density structure (43inhab./ha) in a car-based urban model. Pattern of spatial segregation: “disembedded” layer into a “fortified network”.

INTEGRATED CONSERVATION APPROACH

PROJECT AIM & APPROACH 2. PROBLEM FIELD & METHODOLOGY 3. PART 1 MANAGUA 4. PART 2 CENTRAL AREA 5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE

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Spatial interpretation of “fortied network” with overlay of spontaneous settlements. Source: Made by the author.

& CONCLUSION

PART I - CITY SCALE MANAGUA Managuaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Municipal Development Plan

Reading the city

Stakeholders Demands

Criteria Solutions

4. Diminished value of historical heritage: Aim: Recognize the new trends that affect the natural and cultural values of the city. Conclusions: High dispersion of habitat & urbanizing processes in areas with environmental risk. Growth areas are causing significant changes in the patterns of drainage and infiltration = Emergence of new flood zones and increased sedimentation process on the shores of Lake Managua.

INTEGRATED CONSERVATION APPROACH

PROJECT AIM & APPROACH 2. PROBLEM FIELD & METHODOLOGY 3. PART 1 MANAGUA 4. PART 2 CENTRAL AREA 5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE

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relation of urban growth and the environmental context of the Managua Lake water basin. Source: Made by the author.

& CONCLUSION

PART I - CITY SCALE MANAGUA Managuaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Municipal Development Plan

Reading the city

Stakeholders Demands

Criteria

PROJECT AIM &

4. Diminished value of historical heritage: Aim: Recognize the new trends that affect the natural and cultural values of the city. Conclusions: Decaying Heritage values without any restoration or rebinding program. Lack of inclusion of the Historical City Core within a spatial planning framework of the city as a whole.

APPROACH 2. PROBLEM FIELD & METHODOLOGY

Solutions

INTEGRATED CONSERVATION APPROACH

PART 1 MANAGUA 4. PART 2 CENTRAL AREA Presidential Tribune. Taken by Bernard Gordillo source Flickr. 5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE Touristic sites within the urban tissue of Managua. Source: INTUR, redrawn by the author. 24/62

National Baseball Stadium. Id.

& CONCLUSION

PART I - CITY SCALE: MANAGUA

PROJECT AIM & APPROACH 2. PROBLEM

PART I URBAN SCALE

Analytical Model Application

FIELD &

INTEGRATED APPROACH Managua’s Vision

Accessibility

Functions

PART II LOCAL SCALE

METHODOLOGY

Analytical Model Application

PART 1 Central Area Vision

MANAGUA

PART III

Problem INTERVENTION Review SCALE

PART 2 -

Local Development Strategy

The Historical Core as the heart of the City Centre The Historical Core as Heritage Landscape The Historical Core as Regenerator of Urban Form

CENTRAL AREA 5. Historical Heritage

Social networks

PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE

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& CONCLUSION

PART I - CITY SCALE MANAGUA BUILDING UP THE STRATEGY

PROJECT AIM & APPROACH 2. PROBLEM

Accessibility Historical heritage Functions

FIELD & METHODOLOGY 3. PART 1 MANAGUA

Historical Heritage

Accessibility

Social Networks

Historical heritage

Social Networks

PART 2 -

SPATIAL TRANSLATIONS

INTEGRATED APPROACH

CENTRAL AREA

PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE

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& CONCLUSION

PART I - CITY SCALE MANAGUA VISION

1. PROJECT AIM & APPROACH 2. PROBLEM FIELD & METHODOLOGY 3. PART 1 MANAGUA 4. PART 2 CENTRAL AREA

The vision of Managua is based on the conformation of a network of urban centres that cluster functions and road infrastructure lines that organize the city in a coherent and efficient way. The Central Area of the city, hosting the Historical Core Area, is portrayed as the main urban core area through the recuperation of its functional primacy and in the outer ring of road network the urban centres with regional mobility importance are located. Also, the increase of pedestrian walk-ability in the city will be enhanced with the creation of conditions for neighbourhood centres. Alleviating land use incompatibilities and presenting equidistant mobility hierarchy for all the population.

It also follows the strategy to densify the existing urban fabric and the articulation of the urban structure starting from the centres of functions and facilities. The relocation of high risk informal settlements will provide opportunity areas for permeable and protection borders for the water structure to preserve and enhance the existing natural environment. Also the terminal system of public transportation will provide distributional nodes needed to organize the service efficiently.

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PART 3 INTERVENTION

FUTURE SCOPE & CONCLUSION

PART II - LOCAL SCALE: THE CENTRAL AREA OF MANAGUA

PROJECT AIM & APPROACH 2. PROBLEM

PART I URBAN SCALE

Analytical Model Application

Managua’s Vision

Managua’s Municipal Development Plan PPOU for the North Central sector

METHODOLOGY 3.

PART II LOCAL SCALE

FIELD &

Analytical Model Application

Central Area Vision

PART III Problem INTERVENTION Review SCALE

Local Development Strategy

The Historical Core as the heart of the City Centre The Historical Core as Heritage Landscape The Historical Core as Regenerator of Urban Form

Current Conditions Central Area of Managua

PART 1 -

Stakeholders Demands

MANAGUA 4. PART 2 -

Criteria

CENTRAL AREA

Solutions

5. INTEGRATED CONSERVATION APPROACH

PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE

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& CONCLUSION

PART II - CENTRAL AREA PGDM & PPOU North Central

PROJECT AIM &

Vision granted for the Historical Core and its surrounding context

APPROACH 2.

Current Conditions

PROBLEM

Stakeholders Demands

FIELD & METHODOLOGY

Criteria Solutions

INTEGRATED CONSERVATION APPROACH

PART 1 -

Managua Municipal Development Plan 2012-2030, with institutional emphasis. (Municipality of Managua, November 2011)

Partial Plan Urban Planning (PPOU) for the North - central sector of Managua. (Municipality of Managua, November 2000)

MANAGUA 4. PART 2 -

Managua needs its main centre recovered and reconstructed, respecting its cultural and historical values. The Central Area is presented as a special area for intervention, that needs its own regulations. Enforces the cultural component within its boundaries. Images source: Maps 5 and 13 of the PPOU North-Central. Municipality of Managua. 29/62

Defines its specific zoning and priority projects

CENTRAL AREA 5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. CONCLUSIONS & NEXT STEPS

PART II - CENTRAL AREA PGDM & PPOU North Central

1. PROJECT AIM & APPROACH 2.

Current Conditions

Stakeholders Demands

PROBLEM FIELD &

Criteria

METHODOLOGY

Solutions INTEGRATED CONSERVATION APPROACH

3. PART 1 -

+ Environmental framework: The central basin of the Managua lake. The environmental stakeholders require the construction of run-off retention areas with permeable areas on the higher part of the basin.

+ Application of city demands: Densification to respond to housing shortage, protection of urban life to environment hazards, conformation of the centre, identity of the city and slum upgrading.

MANAGUA 4. PART 2 CENTRAL AREA 5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. CONCLUSIONS &

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NEXT STEPS

PART II - CENTRAL AREA PGDM & PPOU North Central

PROJECT AIM &

- Main challenges for spatial interventions: high risk seismic zone areas; stagnated decay; informalization process; and need of inclusion of slum upgrading process.

APPROACH 2.

Current Conditions

PROBLEM

Stakeholders Demands

FIELD & METHODOLOGY

Criteria Solutions

INTEGRATED CONSERVATION APPROACH

PART 1 -

1. Networks

MANAGUA

2. Nodes 4.

3. General urban form in relation to heritage values 4. Landscape and geomorphological features

PART 2 CENTRAL AREA

Problematic overview in the Central Area of Managua. Source: Made by the author.

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PART 3 INTERVENTION

5. Informal settlements 6. Functions and cultural / historical values

6. FUTURE SCOPE General Urban Form

Landscape & Geomorphological features

Informal Settlements

& CONCLUSION

PART II - CENTRAL AREA PGDM & PPOU North Central

Current Conditions

- Main opportunity areas: The vacant land, the high dynamic and attractive areas, the scenic value, the green spaces and public parks and plazas and the lakeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s shore, which add to the qualitative value of the area

PROJECT AIM & APPROACH 2. PROBLEM

Stakeholders Demands

FIELD & METHODOLOGY

Criteria Solutions

INTEGRATED CONSERVATION APPROACH

PART 1 -

1. Networks

MANAGUA

2. Nodes 4.

3. General urban form in relation to heritage values 4. Landscape and geomorphological features

PART 2 CENTRAL AREA

Opportunities overview in the Central Area of Managua. Source: Made by the author.

PART 3 INTERVENTION

5. Informal settlements 6. Functions and cultural / historical values 32/62

6. FUTURE SCOPE Networks

Nodes

Functions, cultural & historical values

& CONCLUSION

PART II - LOCAL SCALE: THE CENTRAL AREA OF MANAGUA

PROJECT AIM & APPROACH 2. PROBLEM

PART I URBAN SCALE

Analytical Model Application

Managua’s Vision

INTEGRATED APPROACH

Accessibility

Functions

METHODOLOGY 3.

PART II LOCAL SCALE

FIELD &

Analytical Model Application

PART 1 -

Central Area Vision

MANAGUA

PART III Problem INTERVENTION Review SCALE

Local Development Strategy

The Historical Core as the heart of the City Centre The Historical Core as Heritage Landscape The Historical Core as Regenerator of Urban Form

PART 2 CENTRAL AREA

Historical heritage

Social networks

5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE

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& CONCLUSION

PART II - CENTRAL AREA VISION (1) Urban environments

- Civic area: holding the Historical and Governmental Cores.

1. PROJECT AIM & APPROACH 2. PROBLEM

- Reservoir areas conformed by the lakeshore of the Managua Lake and the Tiscapa Lagoon.

FIELD &

- The main district uses: The Malec贸n area, the stadium area and the Oriental Market.

PART 1 -

- The Mix Use integration blocks: in the perimeter of main mix-use corridors. These blocks vary in densities and functions, depending on the area of focus. - Urban Neighbourhoods: as consolidated urban tissue with predominant residential use. 34/62

METHODOLOGY 3. MANAGUA 4. PART 2 CENTRAL AREA 5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE & CONCLUSION

PART II - CENTRAL AREA VISION (2) Seismic Zoning Opportunities - Shift of vision of the seismic areas as problems towards assessing them as opportunity areas - Depending on the seismic zoning there are specifications i.e. for example permitted location of low density residential areas or constructions in general. - Lower areas of densification waves that go from east to west as gradual peaks of densification in plausible areas.

1. PROJECT AIM & APPROACH 2. PROBLEM FIELD & METHODOLOGY 3. PART 1 MANAGUA 4. PART 2 CENTRAL AREA 5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE

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& CONCLUSION

PART II - CENTRAL AREA VISION (3) Urban Identity Consolidation

1. PROJECT AIM & APPROACH

- Consolidation of Cultural Core by activating, restructuring, enhancing axis towards and through the coreâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s area.

- Creation of landmarks focus views and vistas.

- Densification areas reviewed - Grid consolidation which invites equal flows and connection of islands (fragments). - Community character enhancement and strengthening of the sense of belonging.

PROBLEM FIELD & METHODOLOGY

PART 1 MANAGUA 4. PART 2 CENTRAL AREA 5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE

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& CONCLUSION

PART III - INTERVENTION SCALE

1. PROJECT AIM & APPROACH 2. PROBLEM FIELD & METHODOLOGY

PART I URBAN SCALE

Analytical Model Application

Managua’s Vision

PART 1 MANAGUA

PART II LOCAL SCALE

Analytical Model Application

Central Area Vision

PART 2 CENTRAL AREA

PART III Problem INTERVENTION Review SCALE

Local Development Strategy

The Historical Core as the heart of the City Centre The Historical Core as Heritage Landscape The Historical Core as Regenerator of Urban Form 37/62

5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE & CONCLUSION

PART III - INTERVENTION SCALE

PROJECT AIM &

WHY THE HISTORICAL CORE?

APPROACH

? 2.

- City identity: gravitational axis, city’s formal urban beginning.

Existing lost identity of the Historical Core within the city structure’s market based growth and dispersion.

PROBLEM

Aim: rebinding the Historical Core towards regaining its structural role and city identity through its assets.

METHODOLOGY

FIELD &

3. PART 1 MANAGUA

- Conglomeration of cultural heritage assets, that have city scale coverage radius. - Gathered city scale challenges: fragmented islands of poor and private and public spaces; inaccessible / lack of visibility of areas of high value; environmental (seismic and flood) risks; stagnated decaying and complex areas. - Lack of planning framework that enhances its assets and promotes clear guidelines for its restructure as a whole and within the city structure. 38/62

4. PART 2 CENTRAL AREA 5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE & CONCLUSION

PART III - INTERVENTION SCALE

PROJECT AIM &

MAJOR CHALLENGES: ACCESSIBILITY FOCUS Insufficient alternative transportation modes

APPROACH b Planning Framework Review

2. PROBLEM

Current Conditions Review

Stakeholders Demands Review

FIELD & METHODOLOGY

Criteria Solutions

Traffic dominated areas b

INTEGRATED CONSERVATION APPROACH

PART 1 MANAGUA 4. PART 2 CENTRAL AREA

Lack of connectivity c

5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE

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& CONCLUSION

PART III - INTERVENTION SCALE

PROJECT AIM &

MAJOR CHALLENGES: CULTURAL HERITAGE FOCUS Unintegrated lake shore

APPROACH a

Planning Framework Review

2. PROBLEM

Current Conditions Review

Stakeholders Demands Review

FIELD & METHODOLOGY

Criteria Solutions

Lack of hierarchy and visibility of heritage values b

INTEGRATED CONSERVATION APPROACH

3. PART 1 MANAGUA 4. PART 2 CENTRAL AREA

Stand alone plazas c

5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE

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& CONCLUSION

PART III - INTERVENTION SCALE

PROJECT AIM &

MAJOR CHALLENGES: FUNCTIONS AND SOCIAL NETWORKS FOCUS

APPROACH

Sub-utilization of strategic sites Lack of active / street diversity Low quality public spaces

2. Planning Framework Review

FIELD & Current Conditions Review

Stakeholders Demands Review

Criteria Solutions

METHODOLOGY 3. PART 1 -

INTEGRATED CONSERVATION APPROACH

Vulnerable areas and inhabitants b

PROBLEM

MANAGUA a c

4. PART 2 CENTRAL AREA

Functionally divided area c

5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE

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& CONCLUSION

PART III - INTERVENTION SCALE

PROJECT AIM &

MAJOR CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES Higher level of influence Environmental values

APPROACH

Urban green networks

Seismic zoning

2. PROBLEM FIELD & METHODOLOGY

- Emergence of new flood zones in the Central Area as a response to changes in the patterns of drainage and infiltration due to increasing urbanization and deforestation in the higher parts of the Managua Lakeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s water basin. - High vulnerability of the lake shore buildings, dwellings and landmarks due to water level rise. - Lack of coordinated planning for the environmental regional scale. This has created conflicts such as low environmental performance or duplications of administration and facilities.

- Lack of promotion of cultural landscape. - Fragmented movement patterns within public spaces and lack of value of these as social integration areas. - Disconnection of Historical Core and its surrounding local residential areas and diminished character within the city.

- The Historical Core is located in a wonderful setting for recreational activities.

- Turn existing green spaces into designed permeable areas to reduce strength of run-offs.

- The lake shore is a high valuable environmental and geomorphological value that promotes uniqueness and high attraction towards the city if integrated and designed correctly.

- Redesign and construct innovative stormwater techniques in public spaces to manage the flooding that often occurs with heavy rainfall.

- Reservoir areas within the urban fabric such as the Tiscapa Lagoon promote a different type of attraction and touristic promotion.

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- Diminished existing green character of the area and the city.

- Integration of the unique natural systems within the restructuring of the Centre, to conserve and enhance the health of natural systems and areas of environmental significance.

- Seismic faults add to the flood risk and urban growth challenges brought by the geographic and morphological conditions the city is placed in. - Lack of translation of seismic zoning studies to spatial scenarios of the vulnerable land.

3. PART 1 MANAGUA

- Insufficient transformation of high risk seismic land towards valuable and responsive functions that serve the city and the inhabitants needs.

- Lack of overview of the opportunities of the seismic land and recurrence in avoiding to acknowledge this risk and build upon it creating a higher risk and lower resilience of the city.

CENTRAL AREA

- Vacant land due to high risk seismic zoning that can be transformed into functions that support urban functions such as parking lots. - Opportunity to establish a green network connecting these affected plots to create public space networks to serve the need of green area per inhabitant. - Create a densification wave that embraces the seismic land towards the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s resilience.

PART 2 -

5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE & CONCLUSION

PART III - INTERVENTION SCALE

1. PROJECT AIM & APPROACH 2. PROBLEM FIELD & METHODOLOGY

PART I URBAN SCALE

Analytical Model Application

Managua’s Vision

PART 1 MANAGUA

PART II LOCAL SCALE

Analytical Model Application

Central Area Vision

PART 2 CENTRAL AREA

PART III Problem INTERVENTION Review SCALE

Local Development Strategy

The Historical Core as the heart of the City Centre The Historical Core as Heritage Landscape The Historical Core as Regenerator of Urban Form 43/62

5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE & CONCLUSION

PART III - INTERVENTION SCALE BUILDING UP THE STRATEGY - Understand the implications of the vision in a manageable testing ground. - Overview the systems and their relations between each other. - Assure the inclusion of local communities demands as well as the correct translation of visions and principles.

1. PROJECT AIM & APPROACH 2. PROBLEM FIELD & METHODOLOGY 3. PART 1 MANAGUA 4. PART 2 CENTRAL AREA

Planning Framework Review

Current Conditions Review

Stakeholders Demands Review

Criteria Solutions

5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE

INTEGRATED CONSERVATION APPROACH

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& CONCLUSION

PART III - INTERVENTION SCALE INTERRELATION WITH CENTRAL AREA’S VISION

1. PROJECT AIM & APPROACH 2. PROBLEM

Re-establish the city grid to the lake front

FIELD & METHODOLOGY 3. PART 1 MANAGUA

Improve access through Public Transportation

4. PART 2 CENTRAL AREA

Provide better access for alternative transportation modes

5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6.

Categorize streets

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FUTURE SCOPE & CONCLUSION

PART III - INTERVENTION SCALE INTERRELATION WITH CENTRAL AREA’S VISION

1. PROJECT AIM & APPROACH 2. PROBLEM

Lakefront reservoir area and coastal drive urbanization barrier

FIELD & METHODOLOGY 3. PART 1 MANAGUA

Maintain and improve the Historical Core’s character

4. PART 2 CENTRAL AREA

Open space networks

5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6.

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Reinforce Historical Core’s uniqueness within Managua

FUTURE SCOPE & CONCLUSION

PART III - INTERVENTION SCALE INTERRELATION WITH CENTRAL AREA’S VISION

1. PROJECT AIM & APPROACH 2. PROBLEM

Mix - use within residential areas and main road network axis with active frontage

FIELD & METHODOLOGY 3. PART 1 MANAGUA

Expansion of the role of arts and culture

4. PART 2 CENTRAL AREA

Clean internal accessibility within the urban fabric

5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6.

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Gradual densification and social groups diversification

FUTURE SCOPE & CONCLUSION

PART III - INTERVENTION SCALE VISION

1. PROJECT AIM & APPROACH

The types of interventions: - Assurance

Maintain and preserve the existing context and its current urban configuration.

PROBLEM

- Consolidation Maintenance and strengthening of the current land use and decrease its stagnated decay through restructuring and improvement actions.

FIELD & METHODOLOGY 3. PART 1 MANAGUA

- Reconstruction New development and densification projects within rehabilitated plots for their intensive, formal and permanent use.

- Recovery Rescue of natural, landscape and scenic settings towards their protection and balanced exploitation for public recreation.

4. PART 2 CENTRAL AREA 5. PART 3 INTERVENTION

- Transformation Change in land use in consolidated

areas due to environmental risk or strategic importance.

FUTURE SCOPE

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& CONCLUSION

PART III - INTERVENTION SCALE SUMMARY OF PROPOSED DECISION MAKING FRAMEWORK

1. PROJECT AIM & APPROACH 2. PROBLEM FIELD & METHODOLOGY 3. PART 1 MANAGUA 4. PART 2 CENTRAL AREA 5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE

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& CONCLUSION

SUBJECT REVIEW AND SPATIAL QUALITY OF THE VISION

1. PROJECT AIM & APPROACH 2. PROBLEM FIELD & METHODOLOGY

PART I URBAN SCALE

Analytical Model Application

Managua’s Vision

PART 1 MANAGUA

PART II LOCAL SCALE

Analytical Model Application

Central Area Vision

PART 2 CENTRAL AREA

PART III Problem INTERVENTION Review SCALE

Local Development Strategy

The Historical Core as the heart of the City Centre The Historical Core as Heritage Landscape The Historical Core as Regenerator of Urban Form 50/62

5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE & CONCLUSION

SUBJECT REVIEW AND SPATIAL QUALITY OF THE VISION A- The Historical Core as the heart of the City Centre B- The historical core as Heritage Landscape C- The historical core as Regenerator of Urban Form

1. PROJECT AIM & APPROACH 2. PROBLEM FIELD & METHODOLOGY 3. PART 1 MANAGUA 4. PART 2 CENTRAL AREA 5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE

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& CONCLUSION

SUBJECT REVIEW AND SPATIAL QUALITY OF THE VISION A- THE HISTORICAL CORE AS THE HEART OF THE CITY CENTRE

1. Reclaim the streets

PROJECT AIM &

2. Nodes and Landmarks: Where is this place?

APPROACH 2.

1 2

PROBLEM FIELD & METHODOLOGY 3. PART 1 MANAGUA 4. PART 2 CENTRAL AREA 5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE

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& CONCLUSION

SUBJECT REVIEW AND SPATIAL QUALITY OF THE VISION A- THE HISTORICAL CORE AS THE HEART OF THE CITY CENTRE

1. PROJECT AIM & APPROACH 2.

1. Reclaim the streets

PROBLEM FIELD &

METHODOLOGY

3. PART 1 MANAGUA

4. PART 2 -

STRATEGY

CENTRAL AREA

- Elements to activate dynamics

- Enhance the public realm - Complement cultural uses - Quality space to create a sense of place - Combination of new initiatives & existing values 53/62

PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE & CONCLUSION

SUBJECT REVIEW AND SPATIAL QUALITY OF THE VISION A- THE HISTORICAL CORE AS THE HEART OF THE CITY CENTRE

1. PROJECT AIM & APPROACH 2.

2. Nodes and Landmarks: Where is this place?

PROBLEM FIELD & METHODOLOGY 3. PART 1 MANAGUA 4. PART 2 CENTRAL AREA 5.

STRATEGY

- Recognition of the context as the main standard of design: - Focal points and their design: promotion of citizen participation and citizen pride. - Within the cultural core it is important to permit awareness with the surroundings: character and cohesiveness to the area as a whole. 54/62

PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE & CONCLUSION

1. PROJECT AIM & APPROACH 2. PROBLEM FIELD & METHODOLOGY 3. PART 1 MANAGUA 4. PART 2 CENTRAL AREA 5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE

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& CONCLUSION

SUBJECT REVIEW AND SPATIAL QUALITY OF THE VISION B- THE HISTORICAL CORE AS HERITAGE LANDSCAPE

Guiding principles*:

APPROACH

*Garden, M. C., (2006).

1. Boundaries 2. Cohesion 3. Physical and Cultural (in) Visibility

PROJECT AIM &

2. PROBLEM FIELD & METHODOLOGY 3. PART 1 MANAGUA 4. PART 2 CENTRAL AREA

- Cultural construct and unique social space that offers an experience for understanding the past and history of the city. - Identification of the tangible components that make up a heritage site.

5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE

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& CONCLUSION

1. PROJECT AIM & APPROACH 2. PROBLEM FIELD & METHODOLOGY 3. PART 1 MANAGUA 4. PART 2 CENTRAL AREA 5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE

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& CONCLUSION

SUBJECT REVIEW AND SPATIAL QUALITY OF THE VISION C- THE HISTORICAL CORE AS REGENERATOR OF URBAN FORM

1. PROJECT AIM & APPROACH 2. PROBLEM FIELD & METHODOLOGY 3. PART 1 MANAGUA 4. PART 2 CENTRAL AREA 5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE

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& CONCLUSION

FUTURE SCOPE & CONCLUSIONS

1. PROJECT AIM &

- Link towards the continuity of this subject’s process

APPROACH

- Trends of development

2. PROBLEM

- Key Messages on Managua’s Spatial Planning

FIELD & METHODOLOGY 3. PART 1 MANAGUA 4. PART 2 CENTRAL AREA 5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE

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& CONCLUSION

FUTURE SCOPE & CONCLUSIONS - Link towards the continuity of this subject’s process

1. PROJECT AIM & APPROACH

a. Continuation of the project towards specific actions for its implementation - It would constitute the basis for the creation of new forms of urban development. - Ability to achieve a more balanced development within Managua’s region. - Tendency to decrease segregation of the local communities and achieve coordinate territorial objectives.

2. PROBLEM FIELD & METHODOLOGY 3.

b. Study in depth the opportunities of an macro-regional integration, towards: - Achieving greater articulation and connectivity between metropolitan areas of Central America, -Enhancing their competitiveness that would add their resources and potentials facing the globalization process. - Stimulating the development of corridors linking these metropolitan areas.

PART 1 MANAGUA 4. PART 2 CENTRAL AREA 5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE

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& CONCLUSION

FUTURE SCOPE & CONCLUSIONS - Managua’s Trends of Development

PROJECT AIM & APPROACH 2. PROBLEM FIELD & METHODOLOGY 3.

ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

DISPERSED GROWTH ALONG MAIN ROADS OF HIGH ACCESSIBILITY IMPORTANCE

PART 1 MANAGUA 4.

LAND SUB - UTILIZATION DUE TO LOW POPULATION OCCUPATION

INCOMPATIBLE LAND USES

PART 2 CENTRAL AREA 5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE

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& CONCLUSION

FUTURE SCOPE & CONCLUSIONS

PROJECT AIM &

Key Messages in relation to Managua’s spatial planning: - Spatial development of Managua should have a defined clear vision with and integrated approach. - Base its development principles in commonly agreed territorial objectives reached within a Multilevel Governance model. - Carry out in harmony with the planning of the adjoining natural systems and territories. - Become part of a model region for sustainable development based on Territorial Integration, which encompasses “vertical integration”and “horizontal integration”. i.e. common territorial objectives

REGIONAL SCALE MUNICIPAL SCALE MANAGUA LAKE BASIN

i.e. funding i.e. plans

E CAL S L NA

IO NAT

MANAGUA

i.e. instruments and principles

METROPOLITAN REGION

i.e. transnational competitiveness

CENTRAL AREA

i.e. jobs, services, facilities i.e. touristic place of interest Historical Core preservation as a model

i.e. attractor of investment

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FIELD & METHODOLOGY

MANAGUA 4. PART 2 CENTRAL AREA

i.e. natural areas

i.e. interconnected actions for cohesion

PROBLEM

PART 1 -

LOC A

i.e. reservoir/ protected areas

NICARAGUA

3. L SC ALE

i.e. sustaining economic growth

CENTRAL PACIFIC REGION

i.e. equal distribution of investment

i.e. action plans i.e. definition of key issues /focus

APPROACH

Possible types and results of influence between different levels of governance in relation to the proposal of and Integrated Urban Development.

5. PART 3 INTERVENTION 6. FUTURE SCOPE & CONCLUSION

- “A territorially more integrated approach (to spatial development) is necessary to achieve the goals of structural innovation and sustainable economic growth” Schön, P., (2005)

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! QUESTIONS?

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URBAN DEVELOPMENT UNITS OF THE CENTRAL AREA VISION

RELATION BETWEEN THE PROPOSED DECISION - MAKING PROCESS FOR THE PLANNING FRAMEWORK OF MANAGUA AND THE PROPOSED ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT UNITS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION ACTION PLAN.

National (Spatial) Development Plan (Integration of Systems) Regulations Regional Alliances (Neighbouring Municipal Strategies)

Municipal Plans

Civil Society Department Citizen Councils

CIVIL SOCIETY

AMUNIC Association of Municipalities

MUNICIPALITY OF MANAGUA

MARENA Ministry of Natural Resources

EXECUTION AGENCY

MTI Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure

Private Sector

Partial Plans Policies Instruments & Principles (spatialization)

Local Citizen Councils

CIVIL SOCIETY

EXTERNAL COOPERATION

TECHNICAL AID

PRIVATE ENTERPRISES

MUNICIPALITY OF MANAGUA (TERRITORIAL DISTRICTS I, II, IV)

PRIVATE ENTERPRISE TECHNICAL AID

EXECUTION AGENCY EXECUTIONERS

BOARD OF TRUSTEES

CENTRAL GOVERNMENT

Special Organisational Structure of the 1, 2, 6 and 7 Development Units

EXECUTIONERS

BOARD OF TRUSTEES

General Organisational Structure of the 3-5 & 8 Development Units

PHASE I: SHORT-TERM ACTIONS

Steps

Define common territorial, social and economic objectives Defining local action objectives Defining local focus area and key issues Defining interconnected actions for cohesion and competition Setting regulations (making plans, issuing regulations, etc) Designing participatory local action plans Funding, financing and economic input Implementing local action plans Impact assessment

PHASE II: MEDIUM-TERM ACTIONS

Central Government

Region (diverse alliances)

Municipal Government

X X

Local (diverse areas within the city) Citizen Individuals Councils / Citizens

X X

Private Sector

Civil Society

X X

PHASE III: LONG-TERM ACTIONS

X X

Â PROPOSED PROCESS AND ROLES OF DIVERSE LEVELS OF MULTILEVEL GOVERNANCE IN MANAGUA.

STRATEGIC ACTIONS Program Program

Accessibility Accessibility

Consolidation of Road Network Consolidation of Road Network Recuperation of Inherited Grid! Recuperation of Inherited Grid!

Improvement and extension of Public Transportation ! Improvement and extension of Public Transportation!

Revitalization and remodelling of pedestrian paths Revitalization and! remodelling of pedestrian paths!

Construction of cycling paths and routes ! Construction of cycling paths and routes !

Cultural Cultural Heritage Heritage

Environmental restoration and protection Environmental restoration and protection Maintain and improve the Historical Core and improve the Historical Maintain Core Promotion of Cultural Landscape Promotion of Cultural Landscape Consolidate the uniqueness & identity of thetheCentral Area & Consolidate uniqueness identity of the Central Area

Actions and projects Actions and projects ! Construction of the Coastal Drive Extension of the urban grid Drive towards the coastal drive ! Construction of the Coastal Categorizeofstreets ! Extension the urban grid towards the coastal drive ! Remodel Categorizestreets streetsto show their hierarchy in the road system Re-establish gridtoinshow closed blocks withininresidential areas ! Remodel streets their hierarchy the road system Promote urban grid withinwithin the Governmental Core ! Re-establish grid in continuity closed blocks residential areas Recuperate gridgrid flowcontinuity and access specially within the Oriental ! Promote urban within the Governmental Core Market ! Recuperate flow the andwater access specially within the Oriental Market Promote andgrid extend transportation service Provide bicycle and water routes as alternative modes of transportation ! Promote and extend the water transportation service Extend public access construction ! Provide bicycletransportation and water routes as and alternative modesof ofterminals transportation Open anpublic east-west public transport in the of Governmental ! Extend transportation access connection and construction terminals Core Construction of the public Bus-way projectconnection in the Governmental Core ! Open an east-west transport ! Construction of the Bus-way Extend South-North pedestrianproject towards the lakeshore Downgrade vehicularpedestrian traffic barriers withtheproliferation ! Extend South-North towards lakeshore crosswalks Clear pedestrian routes towards landmark views ! Downgrade vehicular traffic barriers with proliferation crosswalks ! Clear routes Bicyclepedestrian paths within the towards reservoirlandmark area views Create bicycle paths the along established ! Bicycle paths within reservoir area routes that allow access and different experience the areabicycle paths along established routes that allow access and different experience !of Create ! Bicycle of the areapaths within main pedestrian axis ! Bicycle paths within main pedestrian axis

! Creation of the Managua Lake Reservoir area Reforestation the lake Lake shoreReservoir area ! Creation of theof Managua Lagoon reservoir area ! Reforestation of the Tiscapa lake shore Creation of rain water management ! Reforestation of the Tiscapa Lagoon parks reservoir area ! Creation of rain water the management parks s character: promote cultural and artistic uses Maintain and improve Historical Core’ and functions and permitted access to promote architectural and and monumental ! Maintain andEnhance improvevisibility the Historical Core’ s character: cultural artistic uses

landmarks and functions Enhance visibility and permitted access to architectural and monumental !landmarks Design the lake’ s reservoir gateway ! Design s reservoir Promotetheandlake’ exploit the lake’gateway s scenic views by design of nodal points Restore monuments landmark visibility urban points tissue ! Promote and exploit and the lake’ s scenic viewsthroughout by designthe of nodal Integratemonuments public realmand disconnected areas tothroughout the open space network ! Restore landmark visibility the urban tissue Connect sport plazas, parksareas and green to surrounding ! Integrate publicfacilities, realm disconnected to the spaces open space network public space !networks Connect sport facilities, plazas, parks and green spaces to surrounding public space !networks Exploit scenic views in residential areas such as the ones surrounding the Tiscapa Lagoon ! Exploit scenic views in residential areas such as the ones surrounding the Tiscapa !Lagoon Open space networks that connect new rain water management parks and existing parks and plazas ! Open space networks that connect new rain water management parks and existing parks and plazas

STRATEGIC ACTIONS Program Program

Actions and projects Actions and projects ! Regulate the lakeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; s water !to Regulate the environment lakeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; s water the natural

Functions Functions

The search for resilience The search for resilience

Strengthen local economy Strengthen local economy

Promote livelihood Promote livelihood

level with the construction of an artificial levee that integrates level with the construction of an artificial levee that integrates to the natural environment ! Promote artistic and flexible pedestrian crossings through the area and over main roads ! Promote artistic and flexible pedestrian crossings through the area and over main roads to create easy access and walk-ability to create easy access and walk-ability ! Use seismic zoning areas for creation of rainwater management parks !! Use seismic zoning areas for creation of rainwater parks Seize high risk seismic areas as parking areas andmanagement open-air public recreation, !commercial Seize high and risk community-building seismic areas as parking areas and open-air public recreation, areas commercial and community-building areas ! Mix - use within residential areas and main road network axis !! Mix use within areasfunction and main road network axis Clear pedestrian residential pathways with categorization !! Clear pedestrian pathways with function categorization Promote mix-use of services, offices, residential, commercial and facilities !! Promote mix-use of services, residential, commercial andfrontage facilities Connect new and old facilities offices, with pedestrian routes with active ! Connect new and old facilities with pedestrian routes with active frontage ! Within the reservoir gateway include recreational, gastronomic and commercial facilities !that Within the reservoir will attract visitorsgateway include recreational, gastronomic and commercial facilities that will attract visitors ! Expansion of the role of arts and culture !! Expansion of theactivity role of arts and culture Increase street ! Increase street activity ! Gradual densification and social groups diversification !! Gradual densification groups diversification Include active frontageand withsocial facilities features within main pedestrian axis ! Include active frontage with facilities features within main pedestrian axis

Social SocialNetworks Networks

! Clean the internal accessibility within the urban fabric implying relocation and ! Clean the internal accessibility within the urban fabric implying relocation and reconstruction of certain blocks

Slum upgrading process Slum upgrading process

Identity reinforcement Identity reinforcement

! !

reconstruction of certain blockssense of belonging and community links for residents ! Promote security of tenure, !! Promote security of tenure, belonging community for residents Relocation of families in highsense risk of areas within and a close radius oflinks previous dwellings !! Relocation of families in high risk areas within a close radius of previous Connect the residential grids with cycling and pedestrian paths to mix-usedwellings and ! Connect the residential grids with cycling and pedestrian paths to mix-use and commercial corridors commercial ! Extend the corridors public transportation system and verify radius of 400m from any point of the !access Extend the public transportation system and verify radius of 400m from any point of the access ! Promote pedestrian and public transportation by clean and safe roads !! Promote pedestriannodes and public transportation by for clean and recreating safe roadsand exchange Provide gathering for workers and locals eating, !! Provide gathering nodes for workers and locals for eating, recreating and exchange Follow precautions within seismic zoning areas !! Follow precautions within seismic zoning areas Equal distribution of educational facilities and health services ! Equal distribution of educational facilities and health services ! Create orientation axis towards the lake and the historical / cultural core !! Create axis towards the lake andand the promote historicalthe/ cultural core within Regulateorientation public access to reforested areas participation !environmental Regulate public access to reforested areas and promote the participation within consciousness campaigns environmental consciousness campaigns ! Promote technical education and participation in cultural events ! Promote technical education and participation in cultural events ! Construct community nodes for gatherings !! Construct communitythrough nodes clean for gatherings Reinforce belonging streets by placing rubbish in specified containers ! Reinforce belonging through clean streets by placing rubbish in specified containers