Arch 301 - Architectural Design Studio III - Project Brief - Fall 2020

ARCH 3 0 1

PU B L I CBU ILD ING FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE FALL

2020

ARCH 301 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN III ahmet mucip ürger | banu tomruk | bilge kobaş | bülent çetin | emrah altınok emre altürk | gülnaz güzeloğlu yıldırım | idil erkol | mert cığızoğlu | nurhayat öz | tuna öğüt

COURSE DESCRIPTION In this course, students develop projects for public buildings at central and complex urban settings. In the third year design courses, architectural design is particularly studied as an urban intervention. The projects are expected to be driven by extensive analyses of the urban context as well as the study of the relevant precedents, the brief, the requirements, and the form exercises. By the end of the year and with the help of the other third-year courses, students are expected to develop an understanding of the city and gain experience in forming architectural positions when tackling urban conditions.

PREREQUISITE

Arch 201-202

CREDITS

10 ECTS

MEETINGS

Tuesday, 10:00-18:00 Friday, 14:00-18:00

COURSE FORMAT

The Faculty of Architecture has scheduled all courses online for this semester. All interactions, classes, discussions, critics, project reviews will take place in virtual platforms. Because of this regulation, Arch 301 studio sessions will be offered in the synchronous and asynchronous online formats. Synchronous sessions are conducted in the form of live meetings you connect with your webcam and audio devices during a pre-defined time frame. All scheduled studio meetings will be scheduled via Zoom. Asynchronous instruction may involve accessing content, such as recorded video lectures, readings, and assignments during a flexible time frame. Please follow your instructor’s announcements for the specifics of each section.

EMAILS

Since all important announcements will be sent to your official Bilgi email addresses (with the extension @bilgi.edu.tr offered by the university), please check your inbox regularly.

EVALUATION

Active Participation 10% Analysis & case study 15% Mid-term Review I 10% Midterm Review II 15% Final review 50%

ARCH 301 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN III

IMPORTANT DATES

October 16th, submission deadline for Assignment I November 10th, Midterm Review I December 15th, Midterm Review II January 04th-08th, presentation preparations January 11th, final submission January 11th-12th, final review

SYLLABUS CHANGES

Depending on pandemic conditions, the course schedule may need to be revised in case of new regulations. Please note that the instructor may make modifications to the course syllabus.

Notice of such changes will be announced as quickly as possible through your Bilgi emails.

HARDWARE & SOFTWARE

Online education requires some necessary hardware, software and related equipment. Essentially, you must have a reliable internet connection, a computer (smart phones and/or tablets do not have the technological competencies required in this course), an internal or external webcam and an audio device. If you think you cannot meet these minimum recommended technologies, or you believe you may have connectivity or other resource problems, please inform us prior to the semester.

ATTENDANCE

Regular attendance is mandatory. Absences more than 20% of the classes result in failure (a grade of F) without the requirement of any warning. Excuses of absences are included [1] confinement because of illness [2] major illness in a student’s immediate family, [3] illness of a dependent family member, [4] required participation in public duties. Extended absence due to illness or injury should be reported to your instructor by providing a digital scan of the reports immediately within 3 days. The original copies should be kept for delivery to the Faculty Secretariat when needed. Full attendance includes showing up to class on time. Any subsequent misuse of class time will result in the loss of a point from your final grade. In case of missing a class, it is your responsibility to catch up on the subject.

USING WEBCAMS

All synchronous sessions (live seminars, class discussions, project reviews, etc.) require your access with your webcam when asked. During the studio critics, your webcams must be turned on to ensure a proper interaction and academic integrity.

Regardless of whether your camera is on or not, do not leave your place without your instructor’s consent during the live sessions. Otherwise, your name will be removed from the attendance lists.

ARCH 301 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN III

PARTICIPATION

Design studios require your constant active participation throughout the semester. You are expected to both verbally and visually take part in all lessons, seminars and class discussions. You will be asked to discuss your work not only with the instructors but also with the rest of the studio each synchronous session on Tuesdays and Fridays. It is recommended that you submit your works in proper document formats (such as PDF) one to two hours before each week. This allows instructors to review the material beforehand, mark up the document, and have a productive discussion with you. Other students are also encouraged to join in desk critics. During the review and comment period, the instructors and students should unmute their microphones and participate in the discussion. We can also use the chat feature to collect questions during presentations.

SUBMISSIONS

In order for you and your instructor to follow the development of your project during the semester, digitally document all your works, and regularly folder them. As each lesson will expect you to open your project to discussion through your current drawings and 3d models, your instructor may also want to discuss the process through the older versions of your works. Therefore, every drawing should be scanned upon completion. Don't forget to photograph each recent version of your 3d models under good light conditions. You should comply with the file size limits determined by your instructors for each submission.

VIRTUAL LEARNING CODE OF CONDUCT

While participating in online classes, avoid behaviors that will negatively affect the concentration and productivity of each of us. You are responsible for the set of rules and regulations announced by the university administration and the dean's office.

Specific to this course, instructors can set rules of conduct, require adherence to standards of civility appropriate to learning, and may remove anyone for disruption or obstruction of those standards, or for violation of any law or University policy. Please pay attention to the following: The screens of online classes are public platforms. Therefore, you are responsible to make sure that the background is acceptable; you are dressed appropriately and located in a noise-free environment.

It is dangerous to connect the virtual class while you are in the driver's position in any transportation vehicle. Please do not request to join the class even if you are in the passenger position.

In either case, the instructors will not approve your connection to the virtual class.

Always check your audio and video devices before the online sessions to make sure you are ready for the class. Mute microphones while in a lecture session and avoid distractions that can affect other participants’ concentration

ARCH 301 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN III

RECORDING & SHARING POLICIES

You may not record all or part of classes, or make/distribute screen captures. The instructors may provide you recorded course materials (i.e. asynchronous seminar sessions) and you may use them for your own studying. Other than official recordings shared with you by the instructors, formally or informally received records of class-related activities may not be shared without the prior written approval of your instructor.

Failure to comply with requirements regarding recordings will result in disciplinary action. Unless otherwise specified, no course materials, including lecture hand-outs, videos, assessments (student presentations, project reviews, in-class exercises, etc.) may be shared with anyone. Unauthorized sharing of materials will be treated as copyright violation.

PLAGIARISM, CHEATING & PERSONATION

All academic studies you will prepare within the scope of this course, whether you publish them online or not, must comply with the rules of intellectual property rights. You must have prior knowledge about Copyright, Fair Use, and Creative Commons (CC) licenses. Any ideas, sketches, drawn or written material belonging to another person or institution cannot be copied. If you are inspired by written or drawn ideas from others, you should refer appropriately. Otherwise, you will commit plagiarism. Plagiarism is the act of presenting and claiming words, ideas, data or creations of others as one's own. Plagiarism may be intentional (as in a false claim of authorship), or unintentional (as in a failure to document information sources). Presenting ideas or drawings in the exact or near exact form as found in source material constitutes plagiarism. Individual and original work is expected from all students. Attending a class on someone else's behalf, taking an exam, preparing someone else’s home-work and projects, or doing architectural drawings for any purpose for others is prohibited. Both plagiarism and receiving substantial help from third parties will result in a failing grade from the course and disciplinary action.

LATE POLICY

If you cannot submit your work on time, you will lose points and may be refused to make an oral presentation. Late submissions for project reviews will only be accepted until the review session ends. A late submission can only be accepted for full credit (as long as it is delivered on the same day as the review session) in cases of documented emergencies.

Improving Urban Commons for the Post-Pandemic City

Empowerment to help others. Making masks for those in need. Image created by Guilherme Santiago

İSTANBUL BİLGİ UNIVERSITY | Fall 2020

GNIDLIUB CILBUP - OIDUTS NGISED LARUTCETIHCRA - 103 HCRA

ARCHITECTURE FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE

The Context

Will Covid-19 virus transform our cities and how we see them?

Although this is one of the most popular questions of the day, history proves that the phenomenon is not very novel. The structure of cities and the social, economic and political forces that shape them have been truly reorganized after almost every pandemic or vice versa.

While pandemics were transforming our lives, our way of reorganizing life was on the other hand continuing to give birth to forthcoming pandemics. This way of thinking raises another question: How can communities become more resilient to pandemics?

French philosopher Michel Foucault claimed in his famous lecture series "The Birth of Biopolitics" that the design of medical space has transformed into a project of medicalization of space over time. In other words, strategies that would make societies and cities resilient against pandemics incorporated almost purely spatial dimensions historically, and these strategies, according to Foucault, created a confinement that disciplined first the human body and then architectural and urban space.

Andrea MantovaniÂ

B. Poyet & C. Coquéau, design for hospital on the Île des Cygnes, Paris, 1785.

In Bernard Poyet’s proposal of 1785 for the reconstruction of the Hôtel-Dieu, it was explained how the circular form is the best option for hospital design, allowing everything to be seen from a single point. Intrinsically, according to Foucault, this strict regimentation of time and space was a panoptic model. The discipline and surveillance strategy, which was exercised in the architectural space, should also be adapted to the city.

Indeed, Baron Haussmann’s uncompromising proposal of the boulevards that destroy the historical organic fabric of Paris could not be explained solely by the desire to reclaim the dismal dead-end streets with low light and ventilation performance. Architecture and urban planning, as the forces of reorganization of space, served as a device that Foucault called the curing machine (machine à guérir) in the “Discipline and Punish”.

The Avenue de l'OpĂŠra was created from 1864 to 1879 as part of Baron Haussmann's renovation of Paris

Foucault was perhaps not wrong in his relatively dark philosophical debate, but the modern architecture of healthcare spaces left a golden heritage as well, such as Alvar Aalto's Paimio Sanatorium. The lesser known Sails of Scampia in Naples, with its external circulation corridors and receding terraces, was among the interesting examples of exercises for light and fresh air in the 1960s. The epoch of the architecture of cities without the slightest reference to ventilation and light was seemingly outdated. While these modern examples were enriching the architectural canon, on the other hand, the cities and the urban planning model of 20th century modernism that have been dependent on private car ownership were rendering the idea of zoning a universal consent. This was a complete logic of isolation which led implacable traffic and congestion in modern cities: To sharply separate habitation from business, recreation and social services from various infrastructure and superstructures. Now let's recall our question: How can communities become more resilient to pandemics? History's answer to this question has been to adopt a purely spatial strategy: sanitize, isolate, and discipline! In the fall 2020 semester, Arch 301- Architectural Design Studio's focus is developing a critical approach to this one-dimensional strategy.

Improving Urban Commons for the Post-Pandemic City

You will investigate the concept of social resilience instead of social isolation, which has become the popular concept of the lexicon of the Covid-19 period. By focusing on a relatively new, but boldly progressive framework of urban planning and architecture, you will pan your camera from a purely medical approach to a social approach. Just like Carlos Moreno, a professor of University of Paris, you will imagine a city made up of compact, functionally composite, walkable, and bikeable neighborhoods, unlike Baron Hausmann (see Moreno’s 15-Min. City strategy for Paris). You will propose a neighborhood life that the most essential services and activities can be accessed without private cars. Health, education, sports, culture and all other opportunities that will make communities more resilient not only against pandemics but also social, economic and ecologic crises. In this urban imagination, people do not just consume: they reuse and recycle. They produce collectively in open and semi-open public spaces that make social interaction possible even during pandemic periods, and generate income for both their families and communities. They learn together and participate in decision-making processes for their neighborhoods and cities. These are the common features of this resilient urban society. We invite you to propose your own resilient city tactics!

Bakırköy from 1940s

Project Brief

Yenimahalle, the site that we are going to work on, is one of the historical neighborhoods of Bakırköy. The history of Yenimahalle goes back to the 300s. Its name was Hebdomon, the site of a military camp and a Byzantine palace. Although there are no traces of the Byzantine or even Ottoman periods in Yenimahalle today, there are still a few wooden mansions in the grid fabric created by modern planning interventions that started to be effective as of the 1960s. The project area, which you are expected to curate new architectural conditions, is in a central position within predominantly residential urban context.

Today, the project area and the current buildings on it serve as a parking lot, a cultural center [Cem Karaca Kültür Merkezi] and a supermarket [2M Migros]. It has easy access to the central areas such as Bakırköy and Zeytinburnu. A Marmaray and Isbike station are within walking distance. Bakırköy square and its surrounding commercial urban fabric, which has recently been the subject of a design competition, are also public functions serving the area. Beside all these nearby facilities, the mechanical grid that you will tackle has its own pros and cons. The lack of well-defined open spaces and shore connectivity, the seemingly car-dominated and stagnant street life are the weaknesses. Changing urban investment priorities make the neighborhood open to new projects that will transform its original texture and land use scheme mostly from residential to commercial and office uses. It has become a priority to reconsider the neighborhood as a socially resilient community where these conditions are taken into account.

Immediate surroundings of the project area

For this purpose, one of the main objectives of the project is to envision new functions in-tegrated with some of the existing conditions, and to propose new and progressive relations that increase the quality of open spaces, organize a web of pedestrian areas and public spaces, and strengthen the relations with the coast. You are expected to evaluate how the Cultural Center performs and what part of its program should be maintained. Since some of you have to live out-side of Istanbul due to the pandemic, we do not require you to visit the site for on-site analysis, yet, it is still a creative process crafting pertinent datasets and even building your own data out of web sources. Your instruc-tors will share essential resources with you and guide your datamining process. Your analysis and synthesis will help you to form an architectural position and inter-pret the given architectural program.

Current conditions in project area

Instructors

BANU TOMRUK

BİLGE KOBAŞ

BÜLENT ÇETİN

EMRAH ALTINOK

EMRE ALTÜRK

GÜLNAZ GÜZELOĞLU YILDIRIM

İDİL ERKOL

MERT CIĞIZOĞLU

MUCİP ÜRGER

NURHAYAT ÖZ

TUNA ÖĞÜT

Assignment I

IDENTIFYING THE CONTEXT a case study

PHASE I THE CHALLENGE: EPIDEMIES Learning from the past

Cholera in the 19th Century Europe [Paris & London] 1918 Spanish Flu

Covid-19 case

The effects of the pandemic on our spatial experience, strategies/regulations of different public authorities

PHASE II POST-PANDEMIC CITY STRATEGIES 15 Min City, Paris, France Milano 2020, Italy Superblocks of Barcelona, Spain

“15 min city” – Paris

PHASE III RESILIENT CITIES & COMMUNITIES Social Resilience Capacity Building / Empowerment Community Participation Urban Commons & Commoning

Economic & Ecological Resilience Food Security Urban Farming & Street Markets Lifelong Learning Refuse, Reuse, Recycle, Upcycle Co-working, Co-housing, Cooperatives

Bottom-Up Urbanisms

Tactical urbanism - DIY urbanism - Guerilla Urbanism [Woonerf, the Netherlands + Parking Day, USA] Urban Acupuncture

Architectural Strategies

Differential Urban Spaces Responsiveness – Flexiblility Affordability - Resource-efficient Architecture [Building retrofit programs, adaptive reuse strategies]