BridgeScape - A Co-working Headquarters Office Building _ Spring 2021 _Studio VI

Page 1

1

bridgescape


2


ATLANTA OFFICE COWORKING HEADQUARTERS BOOK EDITORS ANNA STUDDARD + EDGAR PLASCENCIA TEAM LEADERS CODY KUCHARSKI + HAYDEN DILL SITE MODEL + DRAWINGS RESEARCH AMY HORSTMAN + NIA LANKFORD + DELVIN ROSS PRECEDENTS + FACADES BRENNAN TAYLOR+ SIMONA FLOYD + DALAVANH THANASOUK ACSA GRAPHIC RESEARCH SAM WALDEN + ELI ABAMONTE ZONING + BLUEPRINT RESEARCH NICOLAS ACKERMAN + WYATT PROUDFOOT

3


table of contents

4

2 PROJECT INTRODUCTION

Brief Introduction Precedent/ Facades Zoning /Blueprints Midtown ACSA Graphic Research


25 FINAL DESIGN PHASE Final Analysis Diagrams

10

Drawings and Models Renderings and Final Representations

INITIAL DESIGN PHASE SIte Model and Drawings Initial Sketch Design

Models and Conceptual diagrams

47 INDEX Sources

5


4

project


intro

5


urban design

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

6

B

A 50-60,000 sq. ft. Urban Design Project for a Co-working Office building situated in Downtown Atlanta, Georgia along a major freeway, I-75. The 14 Street bridge connects this urban site to a site across I-75. By the use of a “Lid” three office buildings will be connected over the major freeway. The program should address a design 8-10 floors of office space with amenities. Parking garage, cafe’s, gym, auditorium and other amenities are to be included. This Project should be a long span structure that creates solutions to generative and performative issues by the use of performative skins and systems for water drainage control.


16th ST

I - 7 5 N

D

C 14th ST

14th ST

B

I - 7 5 - S

A

14th ST

D

C

A

7


precedent analysis

DESCRIPTION

8

In southwest Beijing, Leeza SOHO, the tower anchors on the Lize Road in the new Fengtai business district. This area is a flourishing financial and transport hub between the city centre and on the south side is the newly opened Beijing Daxing International Airport. The latest business district is fundamental to Beijing’s multi-modal urban plan to combat the growing city without conflicting existing infrastructures in the city’s centre.

LEEZA SOHO ZAHA HADID ARCHITECTS


URBAN PLAN ZAHA HADID ARCHITECTS

SITE

SPECIFICATIONS Location | Beijing, China Construction | 2015-2019 Client | SOHO China Ltd.

Gross Floor Area | 172,800 m^2 Top of Facade | 199.99 m Top of Atrium | 194.15 m

Standard Floor Height | 45 floors above and 4 floors below Site Area | 14,365 m^2

9


FLOOR PLANNING

The 45 story tall tower supplies for small and medium sized businesses. The building has flexible areas with Grade A office spaces. Grade A means of having high quality infrastructure that has easily accessible, professional work environment. Leeza tower is diagonally aligned with the underground subway service tunnel which is reflected in the twisted “pas de deux� atrium space. This space is the tallest atrium in world being 194.15 m. The twisted, dynamic atrium has sky bridges on the 13, 24, 35, and 45 floor with panoramic glazing viewing the whole city

floor plans

10

1 atrium 2 lobby 3 elevator core 4 office space


centered on site.

tered on site.

massing strategy

flanked by subway lines and dissected Site flanked by subway lines and dissected by 1 Site 4 by subway service tunnel. Building footprint subway service tunnel. Building footprint cen-

footprint extruded up. Volume split Building footprint extruded up. Volume split 2 Building 5 along service tunnel. along service tunnel.

of crevasse to align with East Orientation of crevasse to align with East - West 3 Orientation 6 West direction and Lize Lu by twisting top of direction and Lize Lu by twisting top of massing massing

11


STRUCTURE

structure + facade system

The spiraling facade is based on parametric modeling tools with precision to realistically create the helical form. The tower has been awarded LEED Gold Standards with high, efficient techinical features of photovoltaics and green swaths on the roof. Schumacher, the parametricist, stated, “It’s a fully digitally controlled design and digitally controlled building. The carved out space in the center forced banking elevators to outer sides with a surging core from bottom to top of the

12

building. The twisting atrium space leads up to a skylight roof. The spiraling facade consist of fish scaled like curtain wall system that acts as the skin of tower. Each floor has a variety of configurations of office spaces. The buckling and twiddle form of the torso of the building consist of leaning columns and fanning loor plates. There are 2,680 bicycle park spaces with lockers and shower facilities. Parking spaces have provide electric charging stations located below ground.

FACADE

TRUSSES

CORES

COLUMNS

BEAMS

The Leeza tower has double insulated, unitized glass curtain wall system which steps the glazing units to angeled at each floor. This provides narrow ventilation to gather fresh air outside through operative cavities. When it is required gives efficient control over the environment for the individual floors. The two sidehalves provides shade and the low-e glazing protects the interior from China’s extreme weather. The atrium space brings in natural light which acts as a thermal chimney to maintain positive pressure at low pressures limiting air ingress and provides filtered air. The glazing is encase by aluminum panels for the complex geometric shape designed a 3d Building Information Modeling (BIM) program.


program

13


magok hive office buidling

e | Park Youngchae

14

PRECEDENT TWO GANGSEO-GU, SOUTH KOREA, 2020 ARCHITECT | ARCHIUM, IN-CHEURL KIM

The “Magok Hive” structural format is the same as the “Urban Hive” that was built in 2008. The architect for Urban Hive mentioned, “Urban Hive is an example of the skin and structure unification in a building and has been designed to maximise the flexibility of the space by excluding structural elements, other than the core, in the users’ space,”. A structural wall is created by perpendicular merging columns and beams. A glass-wall that divides the interior is separated from the structural wall, thus also allowing the structural wall to be an exterior skin.


POLYCARBONATE WALL

The seven-story atrium open to the sky holds places for the research facilities, offices, and supporting facilities. The atrium fills with skylight coming in and out of each level. At noon, the diamond shaped light will flow through a polycarbonate wall located in the middle of the building. It will arrive at the transparent floor constructed by resin containing white gravels. The transparent band becomes a stream that connects the lobby diagonally, allowing the space to flow.

15


’’ = 1/32’’

FORM FORM

Section B3 | 1’-0’’ = 1/32’’

First Floor Basement Plan| 1’-0’’ = 1/32’’ | Archium, In-Cheurl Kim

DAYLIGHTING

analysis

’’ = 1/32’’

daylight

FIRST FLOOR BASEMENT

FORM

FORM

First Floor Basement Plan| 1’-0’’ = 1/32’’ | Archium, In-Cheurl Kim

Section A2 | 1’-0’’ = 1/32’’

Vertical Circulation Magok Hive consist of 3 hierarchical areas; Left, Middle, and Back. A high priority is focused on Restrooms Magok Hivecomponent. consist of 3This hierarchical areas; Left, Middle, and Back. A high comes priority focused on the Middle is where the open atrium office building theme toisplay. Vibrant

the Middle component. Thistopriority iseach where thefocused open atrium office theme comes to main play. entrace Vibrant diamond shaped lightAshine floor, creating aon bright and building vibrant atmosphere. The Magok Hive consist of 3 hierarchical areas; Left, Middle, and Back. high is diamond shaped light shine each floor, creating bright vibrantattribute, atmosphere. The Circulation main entrace Balcony is placed on the middle. Thisto centers the building toaits mostand important focusing on Basement cascading the Middle component. This is where the open atrium office building theme comes to play. Vibrant First Floor is placed on the middle. This centers the building to its most important attribute, focusing on cascading light flowing on each balcony. diamond shaped light shine to each floor, creating a bright and vibrant atmosphere. The main entrace light flowing on each balcony. Office or Open Area is placed on the middle. This centers the building to its most important attribute, focusing on cascading light flowing on each balcony.

Plan| 1’-0’’ =

Vertical Circulation Vertical Circulation Restrooms Restrooms Site Plan | 1’-0’’ = 1/32’’ Balcony Circulation Balcony Circulation Office or Open Area 1/32’’ | Archium, Office or Open AreaIn-Cheurl

Kim

FORM

Magok Hive consist of 3 hierarchical areas; Left, Middle, and Back. A high priority is focused on the Middle component. This is where the open atrium office building theme comes to play. Vibrant diamond shaped light shine to each floor, creating a bright and vibrant atmosphere. The main entrace is placed on the middle. This centers the building to its most important attribute, focusing on cascading light flowing on each balcony. Site Plan | 1’-0’’ = 1/32’’

16

SITE PLAN Site Plan | 1’-0’’ = 1/32’’


SITE

elevations Stairway Balcony Elevator

ck

Ba de

Si ide

tS Lef

vations Stairway Balcony

EAST ELEVATION

SOUTH ELEVATION

Elevator Left Elevation | 1’-0’’ = 1/32’’

2’’ Back Elevation | 1’-0’’ = 1/32’’

program

Magok Hive takes on the cubical form of its site boundaries and drivway that leads towards parking in the basement. Minimal space is allowed for parking. Residential street parking is priority for residents and neighborhood office workers. This building exemplifies the parking dilemma in South Korea. Many occcupants in Seoul struggle with parking.

17


PRECEDENT THREE KUWABARA PAYNE MCKENNA BLUMBERG ARCHITECTS WINNIPEG, CANADA 2009

manitoba hydro place CLIENT + PROGRAM

18

This 22 story Winnipeg office tower is home to the province of Mantioba’s largest utility company; Manitoba Hydro. Alongside providing space for the reloc tion of 2,000 suburban or rural employees, the builidng serves as an aspirational flagship for energy efficiency. At the time of its construction, the building was 70% more efficient than other office buildings in the city. The builiding reaches these environmental goals through the harnessing of passive solar, wind, and geothermal energy.


LAND USE + SITE ECOLOGY This building rests on a site of previously vacated buildings. 95% of the components of the previous buildings were either carefully recycled or reutilized. The douglas fir beams from previous builidings were milled and reused for soffits and benches. The project offers green roofs on many of its surfaces, contrasting the many adjacent parking lots and tar roofs.

COMMUNITY DESIGN The 22 story office tower sits atop a pedestrian scaled podium which is roofed with vegeation. The program intentionally avoids the inclusion of a daycare or cafeteria in order to stimulate the economy of the surrounding community. Parking is relatively limited to under 200 spaces in order to incentivize the use of public transit.

SPECIFICATIONS

Stairs | 4

Project Type | Mixed Use \ Office Space

Office Area | 30,200 SF

Height | 22 stories Area | 697.609 SF

Core Area | 5,020 SF Core Factor | 16.6%

Cost | 278,000,000 Elevators | 6

19


heating + cooling

20


THE STAIRS

The 22 stories of the Manitoba Hydro Place building are sub-divided into 6 story atrium spaces. Within these atria are grand stairwells which offer expansive views of Winnipeg.

office + core

Floor Plate | 30,200 SF Core | 5,020 SF (16.6%) Circulation | 8,730 (28.9%) Individual Office Space | 6,950 SF (23.0%) Conference \ Huddle Space | 8,730 SF (28.9%)

21


the bullitt center PRECEDENT FOUR MILLER HULL PARTNERSHIP SEATTLE, WASHINGTON 2013 This 6-story Seattle office building exemplifies the Bullitt Foundation’s vision to promote urban sustainability in Cascadia (Pacific Northwest).

22

It’s aggressive pursuit of a Net Zero building is the driving factor behind every design decision. The end result is a build-

ing which resembles a living organism in how it responds to the environment and the times of day. All of the sustainable features were intentionally brought to the foreground to be seen by the public as an example of sustainable design. In this way, the architecture additionally serves to revitalize the site and surrounding neighborhoods.


LAND USE + SITE ECOLOGY Similar to a Douglas fir forest, the Bullitt Center uses and processes only the energy and water available on site. The local storm water system is alleviated by the building’s ability to contain and use the water along with evapotranspiration.

COMMUNITY DESIGN The building not only serves as an office, but an educational space for the community. Visitors from all backgrounds of industry can visit to witness high-level sustainable design first hand. The adjacent 100+ year old McGilvra Place Park has been revitalized with native plants.

SPECIFICATIONS Project Type | Office Height | 6 stories Area | 52,000 SF

Office Area | 7,770 SF Core Area | 1,480 SF Core Factor | 19.0%

Cost | 27,000,000 Elevators | 1 Stairs | 2

23


heating + cooling

24


THE STAIRS

The main stairwell of the Bullitt Center is called “The Irresistible Stair”. It’s pleasent views and materiality are designed to reduce elevator use for the building occupants.

office + core

Floor Plate | 7,770 SF Core | 1,480 SF (19.0%) Circulation | 2,130 (27.4%) Individual Office Space | 2,320 SF (29.9%) Conference \ Huddle Space | 8,730 SF (23.7%)

25


26

water use + treatment


materials

27


zoning ZONE 5 - MIDTOWN ZONING

Atlanta Zones

28


Greater Midtown Boundary Midtown Core Greater Midtown MARTA Station MARTA Station Route

RD FO U B

19TH ST

17TH ST WILLIAMS ST

ST 15TH

14TH ST

ST

DR

10TH ST

4TH ST 3RD ST

CHARLES ALLEN DR

TA

FERST

6TH ST 5TH ST

12TH ST

ARGONNE AV

T IE AR M

Georgia Tech

TECHWOOD DR NW

8TH ST

Piedmont Park

NE

10TH ST

ST

JUNIPER ST

NORTHSIDE DR

I-75/ I-85

Ansley Park

PEACHTREE ST

14TH ST

ST

TH 16

SPRING ST NW

Atlantic Station

TH 17

ON TA V

I-75

Atlanta BeltLine

PIE DM

WEST PEACHTREE ST

I-85

HW

PONCE DE LEON AV

NORTH AV LINDEN AV

PINE ST

RALPH MCGILL BLVD

0

0.125 0.25

Sec. 16-28.007. - Regular lots. (4)   Lot Frontage: (a)   On regular interior lots: On regular interior lots, the front shall be construed as the shortest portion nearest the street. (b)   On regular corner lots: On regular corner lots, the front shall be construed as the shortest boundary adjacent to a street. If the lot has equal frontage on two (2) or more streets, frontage shall be construed in accordance with the prevailing building pattern, or the prevailing lotting pattern if a building pattern has not been established. (c)   On reversed frontage corner lots: On reversed frontage corner lots, if the shortest boundary fronting on a street is 80 percent or more of the length of the longest boundary fronting on a street, the applicant may select either frontage for the full-depth required front yard, if lot width requirements for the district are met. (d)   On regular through lots: On regular through lots, all portions adjacent to streets shall be considered in establishing frontage for regulatory purposes. If the administrative official finds that the pattern of lots and/or the pattern of required lots adjacent to portions of the through lot is such as to justify a requirement that more than one frontage be provided on such lot, such additional frontage shall be required. If one of the frontages is determined to be the rear yard of the lot, a five-foot wide buffer with vegetative screen no less than six feet in height shall be required along the rear property line.

0.5 Miles

Updated March, 2014 MidtownATL.com

29


Arts Zone Commerce Zone Technology Zone Landmark Zone 10min walk to piedmont Transit Areas Spring St NW

Attachment A: SPI-16 Zoning Boundaries

th

17

St

NE

htr

ac

Pe ee St th

16

16th St NW

St

NE

14th St NW

W Peachtree St NW

15th St NE

14th St NE

13th St NE

13th St NE

2

Crescent

Ave NE

1

Peachtree Walk NE

12th St NW

12th St NE

11th St NE

11th St NE

10th St NW

3

Peachtree Pl NE

8th St NE

7th St NE

SPI-16

Biltmore Pl NW

6th St NE

3rd St NE

Piedmont Ave

4th St NE

Juniper St NE

5th St NE

NE Piedmont Rd

NE

5th St NW

Cypress St NE

Williams St NW

Sec. 16-28.012. - Definition and measurement of public spaces. (2)   Definitions: For purposes of this part, public space shall include both exterior and interior public spaces appropriately improved for pedestrian amenity or for aesthetic appeal and shall not include areas used for vehicles, except for incidental service, maintenance or emergency actions only. Space provided as result of the pedestrian circulation requirement shall be credited to the requirement for public space. Such public space is required at ground level, and buildings may occupy such space above a height of one (1) story. (a)   Exterior public space is that public space located on the exterior of a building or structure and intended to be available and accessible to the general public, and may include but is not limited to lawns and other landscaped areas, plazas, terraces, patios, observation decks, fountains, sidewalks, common areas and open spaces for outdoor recreation and similar public amenities. (b)   Interior space is that public space located within the interior of a building or structure and intended to be available and accessible during normal business hours to the general public, and may include but is not limited to malls, galleries, atria, lobbies, concourses, plaza, walkways, fountains, landscaped areas devoted to public recreation, pedestrian seating, or eating, and similar public amenities. (3)   Method of Measurement: Public space shall be computed as the sum of exterior public space and interior public space located within the net lot area of the parcel. (a)   Exterior public space shall be computed as the total horizontal area of all exterior public spaces, as defined in (2)(a) above. (b)   Interior public space shall be computed as the total horizontal area of all interior public spaces, as defined in (2)(b) above.

1

Sub-Area 1

2

Sub-Area 2

3

Sub-Area 3

Ponce de Leon Ave NW

North Ave NE

30

0

0.25

0.5 Miles


Midtown Core Boundary | Atlanta, GA Midtown Core

19TH ST

A PE ST

Ansley Park

NE

SPRING ST NW

ST

EE TR

ARTS CENTER STATION

15TH ST

12TH ST

Piedmont Park

PIE DM ON T

WEST PEACHTREE ST

I-75/ I-85

AV

14TH ST

14TH ST

JUNIPER ST

H 17T

CH

Atlantic Station

10TH ST

8TH ST

Georgia Tech

MIDTOWN STATION

5TH ST

3RD ST PONCE DE LEON AV

NORTH AVENUE STATION

NORTH AV

without moving another. For computation purposes, an off-street parking space in itself may be considered to consist of 180 square feet; the space plus its related access and maneuvering room may be considered to require a total of 300 square feet; but off-street parking requirements shall be considered to be met only where actual spaces meet the performance standards set forth herein. Required off-street parking areas for four or more automobiles shall have individual spaces marked. All off-street parking spaces and related access shall be graded, paved, improved and maintained in a manner permitting safe and convenient use under normal weather conditions, and so as to avoid adverse effects on public streets or neighboring property as a result of dust, erosion or drainage. Grading, design, subsurface preparation, paving and drainage shall be in accordance with standards established by the department of transportation. Where off-street parking is required for 10 or more automobiles, 25 percent of the number of spaces provided may be designed for use by compact automobiles, but such space shall be reserved for use by such automobiles.

Central Park PINE ST

CIVIC CENTER STATION

0

0.125

0.25 Miles

Created by Midtown Alliance MidtownATL.com

Sec. 16-10.009. - Minimum off-street parking requirements. (11)   Other uses: One space for each 300 square feet of floor area. Sec. 16-28.014. - Off-street parking requirements, general provisions. (See also section 16-28.013, section 16-28.008(7).) The following requirements, limitations and standards shall apply to off-street parking. (1)   Specifications for off-street parking space: For purposes of these regulations, an off-street parking space shall consist of a space adequate for parking an automobile of standard dimensions, with room for opening doors and entering or leaving on both sides and with safe and convenient access to public street or alley. Except in the case of single-family or two-family detached or semidetached residences, such space shall be provided with maneuvering room sufficient for convenient parking or unparking without maneuvering on any public street, alley or sidewalk. Spaces shall be so arranged that any automobile may be moved

31


02

DEVELOPABLE LAND

SCAD Atlanta

Spring St NW

In 2016, 25% of land in Midtown’s 1.2 square mile district is ripe for development

th

17

St

Ansley Park

NE

16th St NW

W Peachtree St NW

t

S ee htr ac Pe th

16

St

NE

Woodruff Arts Center

15th St NE

14th St NW

13th St NE

Peachtree Walk NE

12th St NW

Crescent

Williams St NW

Ave NE

13th St NE

Piedmo

nt Rd

14th St NE

NE

Arts Center Station

Home Park

Piedmont Park

12th St NE

11th St NE

Federal Reserve Bank

11th St NE

10th St NW

Peachtree Pl NE

Midtown Station 8th St NE

7th St NE

Biltmore Pl NW

6th St NE

Midtown Garden District

Juniper St NE

5th St NE

ltLine

Piedmont Rd

NE

Tech Square Cypress St NE

5th St NW

ta Be

Georgia Institute of Technology

Atlan

Sec. 16-28.028. - Parking structures. (1)   All parking structures, or any story thereof, located in whole or in part above finished grade and used either as a principal use or as accessory parking for another use shall meet the following standards unless granted a variance by the board of zoning adjustment, with an exception that the Atlanta Urban Design Commission shall have the authority to vary this section for properties subject to the requirements found in Part 16, Chapter 20. However, parking structures which were constructed or which will be constructed pursuant to a valid building permit properly applied for prior to the effective date of the adoption of this section shall be exempt from this Section. Whenever the following regulations conflict with existing zoning regulations the stricter regulation shall apply: a.   Parapet walls: On all levels where parking is provided adjacent to an exterior wall, all façades shall have exterior opaque walls a minimum height of 42 inches above any finished grade and any finished floor. b.   Public façades: When a parking structure façade is adjacent to or facing any public park or plaza, public right-of-way, public sidewalk, sidewalk-level outdoor dining area, private street, or BeltLine corridor, such façades shall comply with the following: i.   Any such façades from finished grade to the fourth level of the parking structure shall have openings screened to prevent views into the structure except for perpendicular vehicular ingress and egress

4th St NE

3rd St NE

Fox Theatre

Ponce de Leon Ave

NW

North Ave NE

North Avenue Station Linden Ave NE

Downtown

32

Civic Center Station

SoNo Pine St NE

Currier St NE

Development Sites

Piedmont Ave NE

Courtland St NE

Emory U. Hospital Midtown

Development in the Pipeline 0

0.25

0.5 Miles


03

The Opportunity As much activity as Midtown has experienced over the last two decades, the next two will bring even more profound change. Midtown is well-positioned to accommodate the incoming growth. With its networked street grid and complete ease of access to transit, the physical “bones” are in place for Midtown to continue to grow as a premier live, work, and play destination. While the pace of new development will fluctuate with market conditions, with 25% of land in the Midtown core available for development or redevelopment, Midtown can expect to see strong growth as people and companies are attracted to its central location and urban amenities. This is consistent with the nationwide trend of cities capturing ever-larger shares of growth in mixed-use centers. These trends are even more pronounced in urban districts like Midtown that offer a vibrant urban lifestyle with a variety of restaurants, shopping and entertainment venues along with an abundance of talent, employers and residential choices in a walkable, transit-rich environment.

By the Numbers

Residential

pre-1997

forecasted future development

forecasted total build-out

21,057

34,294

6,111

10,131

13,237

2,628

1,392

4,020

14,251,847

6,077,781

20,329,628

10,965,472

31,192,716

664,124

1,437,395

2,101,050

2,019,050

4,120,569

312,470

716,658

1,029,128

2,072,446

3,101,574

(sf)

Institutional

existing today

8,803

(rooms)

Office

One of the functions of the Blueprint Midtown 3.0 planning process is to project future development based on the amount of available land in Midtown, development projects in the pipeline, and the pace and type of development that has happened over the last 10 years. Blueprint Midtown is a build out plan, and as such, envisions the future of Midtown approximately 30 years from now when it has reached its full development potential.

4,342 (units)

Hotel

post-1997

Midtown must deliver an exceptional urban experience on every dimension: unparalleled walkability, active streetlife, abundant travel choices, ease of access and a clean, safe and attractive public realm. People thrive in places that are well-designed and engaging at the street-level. Furthermore, each new development will stand for the next century. We have one chance to get it right. Midtown is uniquely positioned to deliver this experience, and Midtown Alliance is committed to work relentlessly to achieve this vision.

(sf)

(units)

(rooms)

(sf)

(sf)

openings at a maximum width of 30 feet and pedestrian access openings at a maximum width of eight feet. ii.   Screening elements shall be designed in a structurally sound manner and have a gap of no more than 18 inches from the frame of the screening element to the wall opening. Alternative decorative elements which provide an equivalent level of screening may be allowed in an accessory parking structure where such elements are employed to match the architectural character of the main building. Mesh or decorative panels, tinted or sandblasted opaque spandrel glass, or similar screening elements shall be used. Where mesh or other materials containing openings is used in conjunction with the screening frame, no individual opening shall exceed four square inches. Chain link fencing and similar screening elements shall be prohibited as an allowable mesh or similar screening element. d.   Lighting shall be designed to reduce light spillage outside the parking structure according to the following criteria: i.   Any internal illumination in which light fixtures can be directly visible from the exterior of a parking structure shall either be directed internally upward or shall contain shielded internal light fixtures to prevent such visibility. ii.   Rooftop lighting shall be located at an elevation height less than the top of the nearest exterior perimeter rooftop wall; or shall be setback a minimum of 15 feet from the exterior perimeter of the rooftop wall at a maximum mounted height of 12 feet above finished floor with cutoff light fixtures that have a maximum 90 degree illumination.

Retail (sf)

(sf)

33


MIDTOWN PUBLIC SPACES CONCRETE STANDARDS FURNITURE ZONE CONCRETE DETAIL (PEDESTRIAN RATED)

CONCRETE JOINTS

VEHICULAR RATED CONCRETE DRIVE APRON

VEHICULAR RATED CONCRETE DRIVE APRON

ADA TRUNCATED DOMES-SECTION

ADA TRUNCATED DOMES-SECTION

Atlanta Development Design Guidelines

Atlanta Development Design Guidelines

34

updated 04.06.18

updated 04.06.18

Sec. 16-10.010. - Sidewalks. (1)   Public sidewalks shall be located along all public streets and shall consist of two zones: an amenity zone and a walk zone. (2)   Amenity zone requirements: The amenity zone shall be located immediately adjacent to the curb. Width shall be measured from back (building side) of curb to the walk zone. Minimum width shall be five feet. This zone is reserved for the placement of street trees and street furniture including utility and light poles, public art, waste receptacles, fire hydrants, traffic signs, traffic control boxes, newspaper boxes, transit shelters and similar elements in a manner that does not obstruct pedestrian access or motorist visibility. Such elements, where installed, shall be of a type specified by the director in accordance with uniform design standards for placement of such objects in the public right-ofway. (3)   Walk zone requirements: The walk zone shall be located immediately contiguous to the amenity zone and shall be a continuous hardscape for a minimum width of 10 feet for arterial and collector streets and six feet for all other streets. Said zones shall contain a consistent cross-slope not exceeding two percent. No fixed elements, including pole mounted signage, traffic control boxes or other utility structures, shall be placed above ground in the walk zone for a minimum height of eight feet. (4)   Paving: All sidewalk paving shall be of a type specified in accordance with uniform design standards for placement of such objects in the public right-of-way. Any existing decorative hardscape treatment of sidewalks, including amenity zone and sidewalk walk zone areas, shall be retained as part of any new development or replaced with materials that match in size, shape, and color. (5)   Street tree planting requirements: Street trees are required and shall be planted in the ground within the amenity zone and spaced equidistance and on-center between street lights a maximum of 40 feet apart. All newly planted trees shall be single-stemmed at a minimum of three inches in caliper (measured 36 inches above ground), shall be a minimum of 12 feet in height at the time of planting and shall be limbed up to a minimum height of seven feet. Trees shall be planted with a minimum of 40 square


feet of evergreen ground cover such as mondo MIDTOWN PUBLIC SPACES STREET TREES grass or liriope spicata. All tree plantings, replaceSTREETPUBLIC TREE SELECTION SPACES STREET TREES ment and removal shall be approved by MIDTOWN the city All trees MUST be Grade A stock with central leaders and a minimum calipers size of 3 inches (as measured 36” above the ground). arborist. NOTE: The Midtown Streetscape Standards Matrix outlines required tree species per corridor. The Tree Species Overview below illustrates more detailed tree TREE SELECTION MIDTOWN PUBLIC SPACES STREET TREES (6)   Pedestrian and street lights shall beSTREET placed cultivars that are acceptable within the SPI-16 overlay district. All trees MUST be Grade A stock with central leaders and a minimum calipers size of 3 inches (as measured 36” above the ground). equidistant and on-center between required STREET TREE SELECTION NOTE: The MidtownSTREET Streetscape Standards Matrix outlines required tree species per corridor. The Tree TREE Species Overview below illustrates more detailed tree TREEbeINSTALLATION SPECIES OVERVIEW All trees MUST Grade A stock withDETAIL central leaders and a minimum calipers size of 3 inches (as measured 36” above the ground). street trees within the amenity zone. *refer to Midtown Streetscape Design Matrix for (TYPICAL IN FURNITURE ZONE) cultivars that are acceptable within the SPI-16 overlayMatrix district. NOTE: The Midtown Streetscape Standards outlines required tree species per corridor. The Tree Species Overview below illustrates more detailed tree specified tree species for each corridor (7)   Where property within the district abuts cultivars that are acceptable within the SPI-16 overlay district. an R district without an intervening street, the TREE INSTALLATION DETAIL STREET TREE SPECIES OVERVIEW AMERICAN ELM STREET TREE INSTALLATION DETAIL TREE SPECIES OVERVIEW *refer to Midtown Streetscape Design Matrix for (TYPICAL IN FURNITURE ZONE) *refer to Midtown Streetscape Design(ULMUS Matrix forAMERICANA) (TYPICAL IN FURNITURE ZONE) sidewalk area within 20 feet of such districts shall specified tree for species for each corridor specified tree species each corridor Shape: Rounded or Conical taper when necessary to provide a smooth tranExposure: Full Sun / Partial Shade AMERICANTypical ELM Cultivars: Princeton, Jefferson sition to the existing R districts sidewalk. In the AMERICAN ELM (ULMUS AMERICANA) (ULMUS AMERICANA) Shape: Rounded or Conical event that the abutting R district has no existing Exposure:Shape: Full Sun Rounded / Partial Shade or Conical sidewalk the sidewalk shall taper to a width of Typical Cultivars: Princeton, Jefferson Exposure: Full Sun / Partial Shade NUTTALL OAK six feet, measured from the street curb, or as Typical Cultivars: Princeton, Jefferson (QUERCUS NUTALLII) approved by the Director of the Office of Zoning Shape: Pyramidal NUTTALL OAK and Development. Exposure: Full Sun (QUERCUS NUTALLII) Typical Cultivars: Big Boy, Esplanade, (8)   Adjustments to the sidewalk requirements Shape: Pyramidal Highpoint, Sangria OAK Exposure:NUTTALL Full Sun may be permitted by the Director of the Office Typical Cultivars: Big Boy, Esplanade, (QUERCUS NUTALLII) Highpoint, Sangria of Zoning and Development upon a finding that OVERCUP OAK Shape: Pyramidal (QUERCUS LYRATA) one or more of the site conditions set forth Exposure: Full Sun OVERCUP OAK Shape: Oval Typical Cultivars: Big Boy, Esplanade, in subsections (8)(a) through (8)(f) below are (QUERCUS LYRATA) Exposure: Full Sun / Partial Shade Highpoint, Sangria Shape: Oval Typical Cultivars: Highbeam, Marquee present on the site. The applicant requesting Exposure: Full Sun / Partial Shade Typical Cultivars: Highbeam, Marquee the adjustment must provide documentation OVERCUP OAK establishing the presence of the site condition(s) RED MAPLE (QUERCUS LYRATA) RED MAPLE(ACER RUBRUM) relied upon. If the adjustment results in the waivShape: Oval Shape: Oval (ACER RUBRUM) er of the sidewalk requirement on the site, the Exposure: FullFull Sun Exposure: Sun/ Partial Shade Shape: Oval Exposure: FullTypical Sun Cultivars: Typical Highbeam, Marquee Cultivars: October Glory applicant shall construct sidewalks of equal or Typical Cultivars: October Glory greater length along adjoining streets in a specific location approved by the Director. RED MAPLE OAK SHUMARD SHUMARD OAK a.   Trees exist within the proposed (ACER RUBRUM) (QUERCUS SHUMARDII) (QUERCUS SHUMARDII) sidewalk zone having a diameter at breast height Shape: Oval Shape: Oval Shape: Oval Full Sun Exposure:Exposure: FullExposure: Sun Full Sun (DBH) of six inches or more; Typical Cultivars: Panache Typical Cultivars: Panache Typical Cultivars: October Glory b.   Topographic conditions exist that would locate the proposed sidewalk walk zone 12 TRIDENT MAPLE TRIDENT MAPLE or more inches above or below the top surface (ACER BUERGERIANUM) (ACER BUERGERIANUM) Shape: Rounded of the finished curb; SHUMARD OAK Rounded Exposure: FullShape: Sun (QUERCUS Exposure: Full Sun Valynor c.   Topographic conditions exist that Typical Cultivars: Aeryn,SHUMARDII) Pritchard, Typical Cultivars: Aeryn, Pritchard, Valynor Shape: Oval would prevent driveway access to the property Exposure: Full Sun WILLOW OAK upon completion of the proposed sidewalk; Typical Cultivars: Panache (QUERCUS PHELLOS) WILLOW OAK d.   Physical conditions exist such as Shape: Pyramidal (QUERCUS PHELLOS) Exposure: Full Sun existing structures, existing utility devices, or rock Shape: Pyramidal Typical Cultivars: Hightower, Upperton *Note: to ensure long-term health of trees, recommended planting season in Exposure: Full Sun outcroppings that obstruct the installation of the TRIDENT MAPLE Georgia is between November 1 and April 15. Typical Cultivars: Hightower, Upperton (ACER BUERGERIANUM) proposed sidewalk; Shape: Rounded e.   The existence of an overlay zoning updated 04.06.18 Atlanta Development Design Guidelines Exposure: Full Sun district pursuant to chapter 20 of part 16, an Typical Cultivars: Aeryn,updated Pritchard,04.06.18 Valynor Atlanta Development Design Guidelines Overlay SPI District, or the BeltLine Overlay District; or WILLOW OAK f.   Sidewalk improvements for the pro(QUERCUS PHELLOS) posed sidewalk zone that are planned, approved, Shape: Pyramidal *Note: to ensure long-term health of trees, recommended planting season in and publicly-funded by the City of Atlanta. Exposure: Full Sun FURNITURE ZONE

FURNITURE ZONE

CLEAR ZONE

CLEAR ZONE

ROADWAY

ROADWAY

FURNITURE ZONE

CLEAR ZONE

TREE WELL 5’ WIDTH ( T YP)

ROADWAY

TREE WELL 5’ WIDTH ( T YP)

*Note: to ensure long-term health of trees, recommended planting season in Georgia is between November 1 and April 15.

TREE WELL 5’ WIDTH ( T YP)

Georgia is between November 1 and April 15.

Typical Cultivars: Hightower, Upperton

35 Atlanta Development Design Guidelines

updated 04.06.18


chtr

Rd

Greenspace Network

Spring St NW

18 th

St

ee

W Peachtree St NE

Pea

18th St NW

17

St

NE

S ee htr ac Pe

th

17th

St

Art Walk

This project w Walk and Cyp pedestrian ex creative desig interactive art mile walk bet Center MART

t th

16

St

NE

W Peachtree St NW

16th St NW

15th St NE

NE

14th St NW

13th St NE

Ponce Term

12th St NE

12th St NW

11th St NE

10th St NW

Peachtree Pl NE

Future Projects

8th St NE

Signature Park

7th St NE

Neighborhood Park

6th St

Open Space Component

5th St NE

4th St NE

Piedmont Rd

NE

6th St NE

Juniper St NE

Cypress St NE

Biltmore Pl NW

5th St NW

An early conc development W. Peachtree Ave and 3rd S development publicly acces

12th St NE

11th St NE

Cresc

11th St NE

ent A ve NE

12th St NE

Peachtree Walk NE

Williams St NW

13th St NE

Piedm

ont Rd

14th St NE

Art Walk Open Space/Activation Node Highway Beautification

Existing Network

3rd St NE

Activation P

Midtown Allia with the priva and activate p such as this on Peachtree Stre

Open Space Ponce de Leo

n Ave NW

Convertable Lawns/Hardscapes Open Space/Activation Node

North Ave NE

Linden Ave NE

Renaissance Pkwy NE

36

Pine St NE

Piedmont Ave NE

Civic Center

Courtland St NE

Prescott St

“Hearts of t

Currier St NE

0

0.25 Mile

This initiative arts-centric pr visibility locati a vibrant, eng


Overview Overview

13

Thissection sectionexplores exploresthe thediverse diverseareas areaswithin withinthe theMidtown MidtownImprovement Improvement This Areas: DistrictCharacter thathelp helpmake makeitit trulydynamic dynamicneighborhood. neighborhood.The Theanalysis analysisfocuses focuses District that aatruly Overview onthe theunique uniqueopportunities opportunitieseach eachoffers, offers,as aswell wellas asplacemaking placemakingstrategies strategies on This section explores the will diverse areas withininfluence the Midtownthe Improvement andcatalytic catalytic projects that willpositively positively influence thefuture futuredevelopment developmentofof and projects that District that help make it a truly dynamic neighborhood. The analysis focuses theseareas, areas, increase vibrancy, anddrive drive qualityinvestment investment andeconomic economic these increase vibrancy, and quality and on the unique opportunities each offers, as well as placemaking strategies development. development. and catalytic projects that will positively influence the future development of these areas, increase vibrancy, and drive quality investment and economic development. DISTRICTCHARACTER CHARACTERAREAS AREAS DISTRICT DISTRICT CHARACTER AREAS

ARTS ARTS ARTS Northofof15th 15thStreet Streettoto North North of 15th Street to PeachtreeBridge Bridge Peachtree Peachtree Bridge

ARTS ARTS

ARTS AC

ST E T RE S HT EE AC TR PE ACH PE

PE

ANSLEY ANSLEY ANSLEY PARK PARK PARK

marta transit station

marta marta transit transit station station

PIEDMONT PIEDMONT PIEDMONT PARK PARK PARK

I-75 /I-85

I-75 /I-8 5 I-75 /I-8 5

14 TH ST

COMMERCE COMMERCE

Central Midtown from 10th Street to 15th Street

ST

11

COMMERCE

THTHSTST 1414

COMMERCE COMMERCE 10 TH ST RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY

LANDMARK MIDTOWN GARDEN DISTRICT

5 TH ST PIED MO NT AVE

JUN IPER ST

5

PIE DM ON T AV E PIE DM ON T AV E JU NIP ER ST JU NIP ER ST

I-8

PE AC HT RE E ST PE AC HT RE E ST

5/

SPRING ST SPRING ST

I-7 WEST PEACHTREE ST WEST PEACHTREE ST

MIDTOWN MIDTOWN GARDEN GARDEN DISTRICT DISTRICT

MEDICAL

DOWNTOWN

RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY West side of Midtown from North Avenue to 10th Street

RESEARCH&& RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY

Westside sideofofMidtown Midtownfrom from West LANDMARK North Avenuetoto10th 10thStreet Street Avenue East North side of Midtown

LANDMARK LANDMARK

MEDICAL Eastside sideofofMidtown Midtown East South of Ponce de Leon between14th 14thStreet Street&&Ponce Ponce between Avenue LeonAvenue Avenue dedeLeon

marta = transit station

MEDICAL MEDICAL SouthofofPonce PoncededeLeon Leon South Avenue Avenue

5 I-8 5/ -85 I-7 5/I I-7

MEDICAL MEDICAL

DOWNTOWN DOWNTOWN

CentralMidtown Midtownfrom from10th 10th Central Streettoto15th 15thStreet Street Street

between 14th Street & Ponce de Leon Avenue

LANDMARK LANDMARK

5 THSTST 5 TH

AVE NORTHAVE .. NORTH

PEA CHT REE ST

SPRING ST

RESEARCH RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY &&TECHNOLOGY NORTH AVE .

WEST PEACHTREE ST

THTHSTST 1010

COMMERCE

E

ST

RE

17T H

HT

S TS T 7 T7HT H

marta marta transit transit == station station

37


ACSA Research Competiion

Food machine

38


Competition Overview

The Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture (ACSA) is pleased to announce the 21st Annual Steel Design Student Competition for the 2020-2021 academic year. Administered by the Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture (ACSA) and sponsored by the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), the program is intended to challenge undergraduate and graduate students, working individually or in teams, to explore a variety of design issues related to the use of steel in design and construction. Steel must be used as the primary structural material and contain at least one space that requires long-span steel structure, with special emphasis placed on innovation in steel design.

“W� for Will 2

39


Site

The site for the competition is the choice of the student and/or faculty sponsor. However, the site should be accessible to at least some of its potential workforce by alternative modes of transportation such as public transportation, biking, or walking. Submissions will be required to explain the site selection, strategy, and access graphically or otherwise.

“w� for Will 1st place

40


Construction Pesce Place

The design project must be conceived in structural steel construction and must contain at least one space/element that requires longspan steel structure, with special emphasis placed on innovation in steel design. design The most compelling proposals will inevitably integrate the use of steel into the design of the project at multiple levels, from primary structure to building envelope and tectonic details.

3rd place

41


category I - workplace wellness: The future of Design

It’s still unclear how the current pandemic will shape our future built environments, but workplaces will likely be the first visible front of change. How will the sudden and radical shift in how we work be codified? The pandemic era will not be permanent, but it has forced many to embrace more flexible scheduling, remote working, and the needs of workers in a crisis, from on-site childcare to accommodating those most vulnerable to illness. How can a workplace keep all of its inhabitants safe, from those that keep

a building’s essential services running to its office workers and management? And once the pandemic passes, how can the workplace ensure wellness on a more holistic level by promoting physical and mental health? Steel is an ideal structural system to confront these challenges. It allows for large openings, sunlight and easy airflow, flexible layouts, and innovative approaches to services. Steel can be easily modified during the life cycle of a building to accommodate changing requirements. This competition asks students to move beyond the long-held impetus for a healthy workplace to merely ensure worker productivity, to one where everyone thrives.

What kind of work the building supports is up to you. It could be offices, labs, studios, or even light industry or manufacturing. However, the type of work should be reflective of its location in terms of existing industries, population, and landscape, and this reasoning should be explained graphically or otherwise in the submission. It should be a new building and meet a minimum of six levels in height. Consider the life cycle of the building and the different user profiles of those who work there, including those instrumental to its daily operations and maintenance. The building should support the health of all its inhabitants. The program can include retail that is logically connected to its main operations, but no residential spaces. We encourage thinking about access to outdoor spaces as both a ventilation strategy and to support health. This can be part of an overall site strategy and/or integral to the building design itself (i.e., interior courtyards, decks, etc.). Solutions should observe the total gross square footage of 125,400 square feet, within a range of plus or minus ten percent. Please provide an itemized program breakdown listing spaces, square footage allocation, and totals with your submission. Workplace program spaces can range pending the buildings operations. Following is a list of programmatic spaces to consider including in your workplace designs in addition to the main workspaces themselves:

42

program


“W” for Will 1st place

43


program 44

WELLNESS & PERSONAL SUPPORT SPACES • • • •

Physical Fitness Spaces Lactation Rooms Yoga and Meditation Rooms Childcare Spaces

COMMON SPACES

• Lobby/Entrance • Cafeteria/Employee Lounge(s) • Conference/Classrooms

SERVICE SPACES • • • • • • • • •

Kitchens Restrooms Administrative Offices Circulation Storage Information Technology (IT) Closets Sanitation Spaces Maintenance Mechanical Rooms


“W” for Will

45


Urban Roots 3rd place

rules Eligibility

ACSA Full and Candidate Member Schools, as well as ACSA Affiliate MemAn ACSA member school, faculty sponsor is required to enroll students by com- bers Schools from the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. All student entrants are pleting an online registration form prior required to work under the direction to registration by April 7, 2021. Because of a faculty sponsor. Entries will be acthe support of AISC is largely derived from steel companies whose markets are cepted for individuals as well as teams. mainly in the U.S., the ACSA/AISC Steel Teams must be limited to a maximum of five students. Submissions should Design Student Competition is open be principally the product of work in a to students and/or student teams from design studio or related class.

Use of Steel

Steel must be used as the primary structural material. Design proposals must contain at least one space/element that requires long-span steel structure, with special emphasis placed on innovation in steel design. The most compelling proposals will inevitably integrate the use of steel into the design of the project at multiple levels, from primary structure to building envelope and tectonic details.

Building Code

Refer to the International Building Code and the local zoning ordinance for information on parking requirements, height restrictions, setbacks, easements, flood, egress and fire containment. All proposals must be designed to meet requirements for accessibility; for guidelines, refer to the Americans with Disabilities Act and the principles of Universal Design.

Judging Criteria

Submissions must clearly represent the selected program. In addressing the specific issues of the design challenge, submissions must clearly demonstrate the design solution’s response to the following requirements: • An elegant expressive understanding of the material–structural steel–deployed with maximum innovative potential with a minimum of one long-span space • A strong conceptual strategy translated into a coherent integrated design proposal • An articulate mastery of formal concepts and aesthetic values • A compelling response to the physical and cultural context of the scheme • A mature awareness of and an innovative approach to sustainability as a convergence of social, economic and environmental issues • A thorough appreciation of human needs and social responsibilities

46


The Transpier 2nd Place

Digital Essay or Abstract

A brief essay, 300 words maximum, is required as part of the submission describing the most important concepts of the design project. Keep in mind that the presentation should graphically convey the design solution and context, and not rely on the design essay to convey a basic understanding of the project. The names of student participants, their schools, or faculty sponsors, must NOT appear in the design essay. This abstract is included in the final online submission, completed by the student(s) in a simple copy/paste text box.

Digital Submision Format

Submissions must be presented on four 20� x 20� digital boards, no more than 20MB. All boards are required to be uploaded through the ACSA website as JPEG files. The names of student participants, their schools, or faculty sponsors, must NOT appear on the boards, or in the project title or project title file name(s).

Program Summary

A program summary, 150 words maximum, diagram/text of spaces and areas is required as part of the submission. All interior and exterior spaces are to be included; total net and gross areas are required. The program summary is included in the final online submission, uploaded by the student(s) in a simple copy/paste text box.

submissions

47


Required Submission Documents

Submissions must include (but are not limited to) the following required drawings: • Three-dimensional representations – in the form of axonometrics, perspectives showing the proposal in its context, montages and/or physical model photographs – to illustrate the character of the project; • Site plan showing proposal in its context of surrounding buildings and topography, together with details of access/circulation; • Building/site sections sufficient to show site context and major spatial and program elements; • Floor plans to show program elements, spatial adjacencies and navigation strategies; • Large scale drawing(s), either orthographic or three dimensional, illustrating: o the use and detailing of steel for building structure and/or envelope o integrated design Incomplete or undocumented entries will be disqualified. All drawings should be presented at a scale appropriate to the design solution and include a graphic scale. The site plan should include a north arrow.

deliverables 48


online submission After the faculty sponsor completes the online registration, each student will receive a confirmation email, which will include a link to complete the online submission. The student is required to submit the final entries that must be uploaded through the ACSA Competition website at www.acsa-arch.org by 11:59 pm, Pacific Time, on June 2, 2021. If the submission is from a team of students, all student team members will have the ability to upload the digital files. Once the final submit button is pressed no additional edits, uploads, or changes can be made. You may “save” your submission and return to complete. Please note: The submission is not complete until the “complete this submission” button has been pressed. For team projects, each member of team projects may submit the final project, but each project should be submitted only once. Once the final submission is uploaded and submitted, each student will receive a confirmation email notification.

The final submission upload must contain the following: • Completed online registration including all team members and faculty sponsors, • Each of the four 20”x20” boards uploaded individually as high resolution JPEG files, no more than 20MB each, • A design essay or abstract (300 words maximum) • A program summary diagram/text of spaces and areas (150 words maximum). The names of student participants, their schools and faculty sponsors must NOT appear on the boards, abstract, program summary, or in the file name. Winning projects will be required to submit high-resolution original files/images for use in competition publications and exhibit materials. By uploading your files, you agree that the Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture (ACSA) has the rights to use your winning submission, images and materials in a summary publication, online and in promotional and exhibition resources. ACSA will attribute authorship of the winning design to you, your team, faculty and affiliation. Additionally, you hereby warrant that the submission is original and that you are the author(s) of the submission.

49


competition boards

50


51


52


parti sketch here

Initial Design

53


Urban Design

The site is located along 14th st nw, more specifically the bridge that crosses over the I-75/I-85 interchange. The surrounding area of Midtown is a very vibrant area with a large number of commercial buildings including a series of high-rise office buildings, condominiums, hotels, and high-end retail; making the second-largest business district in Metro Atlanta. As a result, this area receives a large amount of traffic, so much so that it required a replacement in 2010 to add new exit ramps to solve issues concerning traffic congestion. Now flourishing with over 6 million visitors annually, midtown is a hotspot for large art, music, and cultural events every year.

54

14th Street

bridgescape


Topography

There is a large elevation change about the site area

Figure Ground

On the west side you see smaller residential buildings in a large quantity On the east side you see larger commercial buildings in a smaller quantity

Road Heirarchy

Road Hierarchy The site is split by a large highway (75/85) and is surrounded by smaller secondary roads.

Sound Analysis

Most noise comes from main highway, while minimal noise escapes from the residential areas.

Enviroment Analysis

Winds flows from south to north. The site is primarily facing south and north therefore one side of the site receives a more direct amount of light.

Site Forces 55


56


57


58


Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.