Electrical & Power Info_ E- magazine by Era Fame Media Group

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editor’s speak

Tribute to Former President A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Known as the Missile Man of India, respected APJ Abdul Kalam’s contribution to science goes beyond all the material recognition bestowed upon by the society. Kalam’s significant achievement in the field of science into aerospace is well known all over the world. This great man with modesty, simple thinking and great living sets a standing example of innovation in the thought process for decades.

“To succeed in your mission, you must have single-minded devotion to your goal” — Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

uring the year 2014-15, the per capita electricity consumption in India was 1010 kWh with total electricity consumption (utilities and non utilities) of 938.823 billion kWh. Electric energy consumption in agriculture was recorded highest (18.45%) in 2014-15 among all countries. The per capita electricity consumption is lower compared to many countries despite cheaper electricity tariff in India. Growth of the country’s power transmission and distribution (T&D) sector investments allocated by the Indian government. However, under the 12th five year plan. Rightly said by Mr. Piyush Goyal, The Indian power sector has an investment potential of Rs 15 trillion (US$ 237.35 billion) in the next 4-5 years, providing immense opportunities in power generation, distribution, transmission and equipment. The immediate goal of the government is to produce two trillion units (kilowatt hours) of energy by 2019. Test and Measurement market- has been driven by the global demand. Domestic demand has also risen over the past 18 months, to make the test and measurement market realize opportunities from every sector. Major trends that will drive the Test and Measurement industry in India are Urbanisation; SMART Cities and SMART Infrastructure etc.

www.electricalpowerinfo.com Editor Er. Afzal Kamal Feature Editor Er. Razi Ahsan Asst. Editor Abhishek K. Jaiswal General Manager– Marketing Niraj Vishal Product Head Nasir Khan Regional Manager (NCR) Hussain Ahmad Sr. Manager - Sales & Marketing Rajendranath Prabhu Managers - Sales & Marketing Ansari Zulfikar Ali, Kishore Dusija Sales Team Ramiz Qureshi, Minas Patel Graphic Designer Hitesh Dingankar, Raju Iyer Subscription & Circulation Team Jagruti Diddi, Rahat Jabin Delhi Office 92/17 Zakir Nagar, Opp New Friends Colony, Okhla, New Delhi-110025 Tel:+91 11 26981342 Mob: +91 95408 15453, +91 98106 87647, +91 92123 66351

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Afzal Kamal Electronics Engr. Editor-in-chief Have an insightful reading. Your suggestions are most welcome!

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Editor: Er. Afzal Kamal

August-September 2015 Electrical & Power Info www.electricalpowerinfo.com

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Content

August-September 2015 s Vol. 6 Issue 4

Interviews/expert views

20 Testing & Measuring

Imteyaz Siddiqui

B. LAL

ISA Advance Instruments (I) Pvt. Ltd.

ITMA

46 Transformer 56

S K Negi GETCO

Sanjib Mitra

Electrotherm (India) Ltd.

Meghna Chandra

Tata Power-DDL

Product Line

80 Transmission & Distribution

DEIF India Pvt. Ltd..............................................................................40 Doble Engineering Private Ltd............................................................42 Elmeasure India Pvt. Ltd.....................................................................42 Geissel India......................................................................................44 ISA Advance Instruments (I) Pvt. Ltd...................................................38 K-Lite Industries................................................................................94 Supreme & Co. Pvt. Ltd......................................................................74 Testo India Pvt. Ltd.............................................................................34 The Motwane Mfg. Co. Pvt. Ltd...........................................................24 Transfield Transformers And Electronics Pvt. Ltd.................................62

And.... Editorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Note........................................................................................2 News............................................................................................. 6-18 Index to Advertisers.........................................................................102 Subscription....................................................................................103

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August-September 2015 Electrical & Power Info www.electricalpowerinfo.com

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news at glance

Honeywell survey of 2,000 buildings in India demonstrates need to invest more in Smart Building Technologies

Sterling and Wilson Commissions 30 MW Solar PV Power Plant for SunEdison in Madhya Pradesh

(L-R) Anant Maheshwari President Honeywell India H E Richard Verma Ambassador of the U S A to India Alex Ismail President and CEO Honeywell Au l

Brand New Honeywell Smart Building ScoreTM Evaluates Building “Smartness” Across Three Key Areas: Green, Safe, Productive l Airports and Hotels Score the Highest, Schools and Residential Buildings the Lowest l Results Show Greater Focus on Energy Efficiency Versus Safety and Productivity l Score Could Provide Strategic Input for Indian Government’s 100 Smart Cities Initiative new survey of 2,000 buildings across India by Honeywell (NYSE: HON)and research-specialist IMRB Internationalshows that government, building owners and service providers need to invest more in smart building technologies to better serve India’s rapidly urbanizing population and help create sustainable cities and infrastructure. While the country’s airports and hotels are leading the way with smart building technologies, the survey found that in generalthe smartness of buildings in India is low.

Siemens Ltd. wins order worth Rs. 67 crore for Gas Insulated Switchgear

iemens Ltd. announced that it has won a crucial order worth approximately Rs. 67 crore for supply of High Voltage Gas Insulated Switchgear from Larsen & Toubro for a substation project of Himachal Pradesh Power Transmission Corporation Limited, the power transmission utility of Himachal Pradesh. The scope of work involves supply of 400kV and 220kV GIS ncluding supervision of Erection, Testing & commissioning. The GIS will be manufactured in Siemens’ stateof-the-art factory in Aurangabad.

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terling and Wilson, one of India’s leading Solar EPC with over 350MW of solar projects on ground recently commissioned SunEdison’s 30 MW Solar PV Power Plant in Sitamau town, Mandsaur district, Madhya Pradesh. This is part of the 50 MW Solar PV Power Plant inaugurated by SunEdison on Tuesday. The Solar PV plant set up by Sterling and Wilson also boast of Asia’s largest tracker system technology that has been installed for SunEdison. This project was awarded to SunEdison under the Phase 2 Batch 1of Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission under the Domestic Content Requirement (DCR) Category.

As a part of Hon’ble Prime Minister’s vision on Make in India: Panasonic Welding Systems in association with CII and JICA organize a Technical Seminar &Workshop to promote High Precision Arc Welding Technology in India

anasonic Welding Systems in association with CII- Confederation of Indian Industry and JICA- Japan International Cooperation Agency, today organized a technical seminar and workshop with an objective of promoting High Precision Arc Welding Technology in India. Theseminar served as an opportunity to promote welding technology whichremains the most critical for industrial sectors required to assure long-term reliability across applications such as Fabrication of Buildings, Bridges, Process Plant Equipment, Manufacturing of Automobiles, Railways, Shipsetc

August-September 2015 Electrical & Power Info www.electricalpowerinfo.com

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news at glance

Hartek Power commissions 3 substations for 38-MW solar projects worth Rs 220 crore in Q1 of FY15-16

CG to provide Smart Grid Infrastructure for SEC

vantha Group Company CG has signed a new contract to provide ZIV protections for Saudi Electricity Company (SEC), the largest power utility company in the Middle East serving approximately five million customers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). With this order, CG reinforces its position as an important supplier of Substation Automation equipment to SEC, providing Feeder Protections, Transformer Differential Protections, Transformer Voltage Regulators and Teleprotection Systems. CG was also recently selected as SEC´s main supplier of three phase smart meters for its smart grid deployment and has also provided Voltage Sensors for MV automation.

n With this, Hartek Power has commissioned substations for 130-MW solar power projects worth Rs 700 crore n Two of the substations located in Punjab, one in Chhattisgarh n Company holding final-stage talks for executing substations for close to 200-MW solar projects in India in FY 2015-16 artek Power, one of India’s fastest growing Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) companies based in Chandigarh with expertise in executing high-voltage turnkey substations and power infrastructure projects, has commissioned three substations on complete EPC basis for 38-MW solar power projects worth about Rs 220 crore in Punjab and Chhattisgarh in the first quarter of financial year 2015-16. With the successful execution of these projects, Hartek Power has so far been able to commission substations for 130-MW solar power projects worth roughly Rs 700 crore.

Alstom T&D India to supply transformers for Neyveli Thermal Power Station

Neyveli Transformer manufactured

lstom T&D India has been awarded from Alstom T&D India’s world once more a contract by Essar Projects class factory India Limited worth close to €11 million (INR 800 million approx.) to supply transformers package for Neyveli New Thermal Power Project (NNTPP) located in the state of Tamil Nadu in India. The 1000 MW greenfield Neyveli New Thermal Power Project (NNTPP), being developed by Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited, will be the first lignite–fired 2X500 MW power plant in the country and major source of power to the energy deficient southern states. Under the scope of the contract, Alstom will be engaged in designing, engineering, manufacturing, testing, installation and commissioning of a set of generator transformers, inter-connecting transformers, station transformers up to 200MVA, 80 MVAR reactor along with other associated equipment. All the equipment will be engineered and manufactured in Alstom’s world class facilities in India.

Adani Power emerges as the largest private thermal power player in the country with a generation capacity of 10440 MW

undra Plant of Adani Power was awarded the ‘Top Plant’ award in the coal based Thermal Power Plant category Ahmedabad, May 11, 2015: Adani Power Ltd, a subsidiary of Adani Enterprises Ltd and a part of Adani Group,

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today announced the financial results for the fourth quarter and financial year ended March 31, 2015. Consolidated total income for the year increased by 24% to Rs 19,545 crore compared to Rs 15,768 crore in the same period last year.

August-September 2015 Electrical & Power Info www.electricalpowerinfo.com

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news at glance

Schneider Electric rolls out an off-grid electrification solution for remote communities in Myanmar

chneider Electric, the global specialist in energy management and automation, and Golden Key Company (GKC), a Myanmar agribusiness firm, have co-developed a project bringing access to electricity to rural populations in Myanmar’s Ayeyarwady region. Seventy per cent of the population in Myanmar has no reliable supply of electricity¹. This constitutes a major obstacle to their development and economic growth. With GKC, Schneider Electric has undertaken to provide villagers in Targone, Yoe Gyi and

Tata Power strengthens its growth path through responsible ventures and new developments

ata Power, India’s largest integrated power company, today announced it’s strategic intent 2022 with key focus to scale up the Generation capacity and Value Added Businesses viz. services, trading etc. By 2022, the Company plans to increase the generation capacity to 18,000 MW with 20-25% from clean and green sources, 25 MTPA of Coal and Coal Equivalent, 4000 MW Distribution and Decentralised Distributed Generation, 10-X growth in value added businesses. In FY15, Tata Power’s 126 MW Dagachhu Hydro Power Corporation (DHPC) achieved full commissioning. The clean power generated by this plant will be sold to India, thereby helping to reduce carbon emission. Additionally, the 187 MW Adjaristsqali hydro project in Georgia,

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Khalout Thaike in the Ayeyarwady area, access to reliable and affordable electricity. The project enjoys financial backing from Myanmar’s Ministry of Farming, Fisheries and Rural Development. It allows solar-powered smart electrical micro grids to be installed in all three villages. These innovative offgrid solutions keep 800 households supplied with electricity in a short period of time after the decision to invest. Each household is equipped with two LED lights, a mobile charging dock or a radio.

Alstom’s first metro in India enters commercial service

lstom’s first metro in India entered commercial service in the city of Chennai on the first phase of line 2 from Koyambedu to Alandur, which covers 10 kilometres and includes 8 stations. Present at the inauguration were Hon’ble Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, Pankaj Kumar Bansal, Managing Director, Chennai Metro Rail Limited (CMRL), Bharat Salhotra, Managing Director, Alstom Transport India, as well as key government officials and other prominent dignitaries. More than 80,000 passengers are expected to travel per day on the new metro line.

Suzlon achieves a milestone by installing its 10,000th Wind Turbine Generator

uzlon Group, one of the leading wind turbine manufacturer, announced a significant milestone achievement of installing its 10,000th WTG (wind turbine generator) during the first half of 2015. Suzlon has come a long way since its maiden turbine installation in the state of Gujarat, India in 1995. With over two decades of operating history, Suzlon Group has cumulative installations of over 14 GW of wind energy capacity with operations across over 17 countries and customer base of more than 1700.

August-September 2015 Electrical & Power Info www.electricalpowerinfo.com

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news at glance

MoU signed among Govt. of West Bengal, West Bengal State Electricity Distribution Company Limited and NHPC for development of four Hydro Projects with total capacity of 293 MW

n MoU among Govt. of West Bengal, West Bengal State Electricity Distribution Company Limited (WBSEDCL) and NHPC was signed on 03-7-2015 at Kolkata for development of four hydro projects with total capacity of 293 MW in Teesta Basin. These projects are

India Pride Award to POWERGRID

80 MW Teesta Low Dam-V, 81 MW Teesta Low Dam I & II combined, 84 MW Teesta Intermediate Stage, and 48 Rammam Stage-I all located in District Darjeeling of West Bengal. These projects shall be developed on Build, Own, Operate and Maintain (BOOM) basis by NHPC.

NTL Lemnis launches an innovative replacement for Halogen MR16 lamp, “Pharox Enzo” Spotlight

OWERGRID is conferred with India Pride Award (2014-15) in the category of Excellence in Energy and Power by Dainik Bhaskar. Shri Ravi P. Singh, Director (Personnel) received the award from Shri Arun Jaitely, Hon’ble Union Minister of Finance, Corporate Affairs, Information & Broadcasting at a function held on 4th June 2015 in New Delhi.

ith a choice of different accessories and multiple colour temperatures created by NTL Lemnis, Enzo will prove to be a solution for myriad applications in Retail, Jewellery Shops, Offices, Homes and Apparel Stores among others NTL Lemnis, the LED Lighting solutions company launched an innovative product that is an energy efficient replacement of conventional Halogen MR16 lamps. Branded Pharox Enzo, the spotlight is an answer to all the spot lighting needs with product accessory/form preferred by the users. The Pharox Enzo spotlight with its innovative design comes with different choice of accessories and multiple colour temperatures. Available in 8W and 12W with a beam angle of 28 degree and 40 degree, this dimmable spotlight caters to applications like Retail, Jewellery Shops, Offices, Homes and Apparel Stores, making it one of the versatile LED spotlight. It contains various aesthetically designed & application specific fixtures that enhance the lighting quality and aesthetic appeal of the objects on display. The Pharox Enzo range will be available across India at the MRP of 1825/- onwards.

Tata Opportunities Fund invests USD 55mn in Tata Projects

he Tata Opportunities Fund (TOF), the flagship private equity fund advised by Tata Capital, today announced an investment of INR 335 Crore (~USD 55 million) in Tata Projects Limited (TPL), an Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) services company

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of the Tata group. Headquartered in Hyderabad, with INR 3,444 Crore (~USD 550 million) in revenue in FY14-15, PBDIT of INR 295 Crore (~USD 44 million), and an order book of over INR 16,000 Crore (~USD 2.6 billion), Tata Projects is one of India’s fastest growing EPC companies.

August-September 2015 Electrical & Power Info www.electricalpowerinfo.com

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news at glance

Global demand for energy is expected to increase by more than 35% by 2040 as compared to levels in 2010 states ExxonMobil’s Energy Outlook Report 2040 ExxonMobil shares its perspective onhow improvement in efficiency of machinery and equipment can help mitigate the effects of risingenergy demand in the industrial sector xxonMobil Lubricants Private Limited, a subsidiary of Exxon Mobil Corporation shared a perspective on effective lubrication practices and the need for guidelines on industrial lubrication in India’. Every year ExxonMobil produces an ‘Outlook for Energy’ report - ‘The Outlook for Energy: A View to 2040’,which provides a window to the future of the world’s energy needs. The Outlook for Energy is used to guide strategies and investments at ExxonMobil. One of the key findings of this report is the essential role that energy (LtoR) Glen Sharkowicz, APAC Industrial Lubricants Marketing efficiency will play in the future to help solve energy challenges.

Manager, ExxonMobile

UL celebrates the opening of its 160th office, in Mumbai The new operation will cater to the significant verticals in the region L (Underwriters Laboratories), a global safety science organization, inaugurated its office in the city of Mumbai recently. The facility was inaugurated by Mr. Sajeev Jesudas, president, UL Consumer Business Unit, UL. Mr. Suresh Sugavanam, vice president and managing director for UL South Asia (India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka) was also present to grace the occasion. With UL’s commitment to quality and standardization processes, the Mumbai operations will further strengthen the company’s reach and delivery process in the region. This office will primarily cater to certain key sectors- Pharma, Building & Life Safety Technologies, and Energy & Power Technologies.

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Wärtsilä signs agreement for power plant maintenance services for Teck’s Red Dog Operations

ärtsilä, the leading global supplier of flexible and efficient power plant solutions and services, signed a five-year maintenance agreement with Teck Alaska Incorporated (Teck) for their power plant at the Red Dog mine in Northwest Alaska. The agreement optimises the power plant’s lifetime and performance as well as reduces operating costs in a safe, reliable, and environmentally sustainable way. The power plant has eight Wärtsilä generator sets with a combined output of 42 MW. Red Dog, one of the world’s largest zinc mines, is committed to meeting the highest environmental standards. The mine has received ISO 14001:2004 certification which means that Red Dog’s environmental management system supports environmental protection and fosters improvements in environmental performance.

ICA India in association with CEAorganizes first of its kind ‘National Workshop on Electrical Safety’

Key senior officials from the industry gather under one roof to discuss on ‘Issues related to Electrical Safety in the Country’

nternational Copper Association India (ICA India) along with Central Electricity Authority of India (CEA) came together to conduct a special and first of its kind workshop to raise awareness and rectification measures about electrical hazards and importance of electrical safety in India. Even though there are good electrical standards present in India, the country still experiences high loss of lives and properties in the event of electrical hazard. Mr. Major Singh, Chairperson, CEAinitiated the discussion on electrical safety using this platform in Delhi in presence of Mr. Sanjeev Ranjan, Managing Director ICA India along with Mr. D. K. Jain, Chief Electrical Inspector, CEA and Mr. A. K Sharma Director Delhi Fire Service.

August-September 2015 Electrical & Power Info www.electricalpowerinfo.com

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news at glance

Adani targets solar power capacity of 10,000 MW by 2022

dani Group, a global infrastructure player, has set a target of 10,000 mega watts (MW) of solar power by 2022 and has signed a joint venture agreement with the government of Rajasthan to set up a 10,000 MW solar park, which will emerge as the largest such integrated facility in India. The JV will be known as Adani Renewable Energy Park Rajasthan Ltd, will have a 50-50 equity partnership between the Rajasthan government and Adani Renewable Energy Park Ltd, a subsidiary of Adani Enterprises Ltd.

L&T Builds India’s First 700mwe PHWR Nuclear Steam Generator

&T Heavy Engineering has successfully flagged off India’s first Nuclear 700 MWe Steam Generator for Kakrapar nuclear power plant in Gujarat. The indigenouslydesigned Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) is for the Unit 3 Kakrapar power station of Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL). The first steam generator reached Kakrapar nuclear power plant on June 16, 2015. The second steam generator is scheduled to be dispatched on July 4, 2015. A nuclear steam generator is one of the most critical safety Class 1 equipment in a nuclear island. It enables heat transfer from primary side heavy water to generate steam, which drives turbines to generate electricity. Each steam generator weighs about 215 MT and is made of special low alloy quenched & tempered steel with nickel-ironchromium alloy tubes and stainless steel internals.

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Renewable Energy Employs 7.7 Million People Worldwide, Says New IRENA Report

ore than 7.7 million people worldwide are now employed by the renewable energy industry, according to the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). This is an 18 per cent increase from last year’s figure of 6.5 million. Also provides a first-ever global estimate of the number of jobs supported by large hydropower, with a conservative estimate of an additional 1.5 million direct jobs worldwide. “Renewable energy continues to assert itself as a major global employer, generating strong economic and social benefits worldwide,” said IRENA DirectorGeneral Adnan Z. Amin. “This increase is being driven, in part, by declining renewable energy technology costs, which creates more jobs in installation, operations and maintenance. We expect this upward trend to continue as the business case for renewable energy continues to strengthen.”

Wind Power Can Provide CostEffective Path to Meeting India’s Renewable Energy Targets

ew analysis from Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) and the Indian School of Business shows that, with the appropriate policies, the Budget 2015 target of 60 GW of wind power by 2022 can easily be met with minimal government financial support. In the report, Reaching India’s Renewable Energy Targets Cost-Effectively, CPI found that, in absence of any subsidies, wind power is already cheaper than the total cost of power from a new build imported coal plant, at INR 5.87/kWh for electricity from wind power and INR 6.81/kWh for electricity from imported coal.

August-September 2015 Electrical & Power Info www.electricalpowerinfo.com

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news at glance

Taiwanese companies plan to participate in Make in India Initiative More than 70 Taiwanese companies have invested in India since 2013; bilateral trade swells to $ 6 billion in 2014

uoyed by the positive global sentiment on India, Taiwanese companies especially those from the machine tool industry are planning to participate in the Indian government’s Make in India initiative. This comes even as bilateral trade between the two countries swelled to $ 6 billion in 2014 and over 70 Taiwanese companies have invested in India since 2013. “We are extremely keen on supporting the Indian government’s Make in India programme which can be transformative in nature as far as manufacturing is concerned. As the backbone of manufacturing, the machine tools industry has the potential to play a catalyzing role in Indian manufacturing. Taiwanese companies can offer their machine tools in a broad spectrum of industries spanning aeroplanes, automobiles, watches, computers, auto ancillary, wind turbine parts, medical equipment and precision mould and help fuel India’s growth. Many of the sectors in which we have expertise are those that have been identified as priorities under the Make in India programme”, said Dr. Guann-Jyh Lee, Executive Director of Economic Division, Taipei Economic and Cultural Center in India. The Indian government has unveiled an ambitious plan to increase the share of manufacturing in the GDP to 25 % from the present 16 % by 2022 and create 100 million additional

jobs in manufacturing during the same period. The government has identified 25 sectors where India can become world leader under this programme. These include automobiles, chemicals, IT, pharma, textiles, ports, aviation, leather Tourism and hospitality, wellness, and railways. Taiwan was among India’s top five machine tool suppliers in 2014. Machining centres, drilling, boring, milling machines, parts and components for metal cutting machine tools are the main types imported by India. This is expected to go up in the coming year. Taiwan will have a major presence at the Delhi Machine Tools Expo 2015(DMTX), NEW DELHI Pragati Maidan from August 20-23. Executives from leading machine tools makers including TONGTAI MACHINE & TOOL CO., LTD., SHE HONG INDUSTRIAL CO. LTD., CHIEN WEI PRECISE TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. , MEGA Machine Co., Ltd. and FAIR FRIEND ENTERPRISE.CO.,LTD. will present the latest products, innovations and insights on industry trends at a press conference at the show on Thursday, August 20. The event christened “Taiwan machine tools speed up a better India”-is organized by the bureau of Foreign Trade and implemented by the Taiwan External Trade Development Council.

Emerson climate technologies assumes stewardship role by committing to higher industry exposure for engineering students Inks Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute (VJTI) & Sardar Patel College of Engineering (SPCE), Mumbai

merson Climate Technologies, a business segment of Emerson (NYSE: EMR), has initiated a structured engagement program with engineering colleges in India to provide students with crucial industry exposure. This one of its kind initiative in the heating, ventilation, air-conditioning and refrigeration (HVACR) industry, strives to enhance the students’ exposure to on-ground realities of the professional world. The program saw independent Memorandum of Understandings (MoU) being signed with, Sardar Patel College Of Engineering and Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute (VJTI) on July 7 & July 21st respectively. Institutes, that are among India’s premier engineering colleges and enjoy an enviable reputation within the industry and academic world. The agreement will see, Emerson domain experts supporting the colleges in their academic and training programs, providing product displays for the benefit of students – who will now

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be able to experience latest products from the market, besides organizing technology day workshops at the college premises. This initiative will also facilitate factory visits for faculty/ students and summer internship projects. On the occasion Sridar Narayanswami, vice president & managing director, Emerson Climate Technologies India, enthused, “In a young country like India, where the gap between demand and supply is ever increasing, we need all the talent available getting exposure to real world engineering skills and creative thinking. This will give students an opportunity to join the industry with confidence and achieve their true potential. It will also help Emerson in leveraging the institutes splendid research and project consulting capabilities for knowledge creation.” Speaking on the occasion Dr. OG.Kakde, director- VJTI said “I am expecting active participation from the VJTI students and faculty to leverage this opportunity and work closely with Emerson experts. Their in depth domain expertise in the HVACR field will be a great source of knowledge to our students and will help them inenhancing their technical skills and knowledge”.

August-September 2015 Electrical & Power Info www.electricalpowerinfo.com

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cover story testing & measuring

Test and Measurement market has been driven by the global demand... 020

August-September 2015 Electrical & Power Info www.electricalpowerinfo.com

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rowth in the Indian Test and Measurement market has been driven by the global demand. Domestic demand has also risen over the past 18 months, to make the test and measurement market realize opportunities from every sector. Major trends that will drive the Test and Measurement industry in India are Urbanisation; SMART Cities and SMART Infrastructure etc... Test and measurement equipment are devices used for testing and measuring various electronic and mechanical products throughout their lifecycle. These devices are used in the initial design, development, verification, maintenance, and repair of various electronic and mechanical products. Depending on end-user requirements, test and measurement equipment use can vary from simple to complex automated devices. Test and measurement equipment enhance the efficiency, reliability, and accuracy of electronic/mechanical products. The market for technology is changing fast with digital processor speeds and data rates continually increasing, new frequencies opening up fresh options for developers, while across the wireless space new standards and regulations are continually being introduced; continuous improvements in analogue performance also have to be taken into account. Some of the major market drivers include the increasing demand for electronic products and the rising need for test and measurement equipment for use in semiconductor devices. The high cost of production and increasing competition among vendors are some of the major challenges faced by the market. The key customer segments in the industry are electronic manufacturers, wireless device manufacturers and semiconductor device manufacturers

Domestic demand has also risen over the past 18 months, to make the test and measurement market realize opportunities from every sector. Major trends that will drive the Test and Measurement industry in India are Urbanisation; SMART Cities and SMART Infrastructure etc... www.electricalpowerinfo.com Electrical & Power Info August-September 2015 20_23_Testing_1_Cover Story.indd 21

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cover story testing & measuring

Some of the major market drivers include the increasing demand for electronic products and the rising need for test and measurement equipment for use in semiconductor devices. The high cost of production and increasing competition among vendors are some of the major challenges faced by the market.

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Test and measurement instruments have been following the path of telecom 1G, 2G, 3G, and now the 4G technology evolution. In earlier days, T&M used to be big, bulky, and less energy efficient, but with time and developments in technology, T&M instruments are now small, portable, and easy to use; having provisions for automated measurement, data storage, result sharing, easy analysis, and more energy efficiency. The Indian telecom market is expanding very rapidly as compared to any other global telecom market. Existing mobile operators are expanding their networks by adding new sites; and new mobile operators who have obtained licenses in the past are also installing new networks. This expansion is looking for small, portable, and reliable T&M instruments. Network expansion is creating new issues like hazardous EMF radiation, interference, call drops, and QoS issues, which can also be assessed and maintained using T&M instruments. One of the emerging trends in the Global Test and Measurement Equipment market is the miniaturization of test and measurement equipment. Miniaturized test and measurement equipment are flexible and easy to use. The fast growth of the market in the Electronics industry is leading to the development of small-sized electronic devices for which miniaturized test and measurement equipment are required. For instance, the test and measurement equipment used in consumer electronics and other minute components need to be very small in size. Hence, the vendors are moving toward the trend of miniaturization.

August-September 2015 Electrical & Power Info www.electricalpowerinfo.com

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product line the Motwane mfg. co. pvt. ltd.

Multimeter with clamp type current measuring facility

otwane is a renowned name in the field of Test and Measurement, the company has came up with many different Test and Measurement products, catering to different applications. One of them is clamp meter which is a multimeter with clamp type current measuring facility. Motwane’s wide range of clamp meter includes AC and AC/DC clamp meter from 30mA to 2000A, for multiple applications. We do not stop here!!! We gauge electricians and industry needs for diversified measurement features in clamp meter like temperature measurement, voltage detector etc. Continuing to the legacy of company we are please to introduce all new addition to Motwane’s high precision clamp meter family - Three new models DCM 23A, DCM 33A, DCM 45A. All meters are fully loaded with new measurement attributes. The new Range of clamp meters offers unique features

Contact Resistance Meter: PCRM200S The Motwane make New Contact Resistance Meter (Model: PCRM-200S) is a digital micro-ohmmeter, specially designed to measure extremely low resistances in micro ohm. The Instrument is based on Kelvin 4- wire connection method for measurement of low resistance. Selectable test current of 100A DC & 200A DC. Test information like current injected with measured resistance & voltage drop is displayed with real time data on large LCD with backlit. This User friendly Instrument and its accessories are housed in easy transportation case. Advanced Windows based software is provided for data downloading, analysis and report generation. Internal memory of 99 records is provided for onsite data storage. Thermal printer is the additional feature provided to print the test results.

like Non-contact voltage detection, Temperature measurement with wider current measuring range from 400A to 1000A. Economical DCM 23A with temperature measurement and 400A AC clamp meter shall cater needs of service industry like HVAC, Electrical Contractors etc. Industrial grade DCM 33A measures 1000A AC current in average category suitable for OEMs, Medium scale industries, Utilities for general testing needs. Multi-featured TRMS DCM 45A with non contact voltage detector and temperature measurement is made for wide applications to serve Heavy IndustriesSteel, Cement, Process, Railways, Oil & Gas, Utilities etc. These Clamp meters are packed with the same reliability of Motwane’s earlier products to ensure our customer experiences and trust remains. So ready for measurement; visit our nearest dealer to get more information.

Transformer Turns Ratio Meter: XTRM3 The Motwane make New Transformer turns ratio meter XTRM-3 is a new generation, fully automatic transformer turns ratio testers. It measures the transformation ratio of single phase and three phase transformers using modern electronic techniques. It is micro controller operated user friendly and reliable tester. Operator has facility to enter test parameters and XTRM-3 takes over, applies the test voltage, balances the bridge, takes the readings, and displays the results on the LCD screen. The results can be printed on built-in printer after the test is over. The windows based software is provided for easy operations of the Turn Ratio Meter via USB communication port. The XTRM-3 is a single unit design, encased in a hard industrial cabinet, lightweight (only 10 kg), for easy portability.

You can also enquire on our website- www.motwane.com. Or Mail us to sales@motwane.com

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cover story testing & measuring

OTDR a test & Measuring device for optical fibers

OTDR is the important tool to check the optical losses & Distance of the cable. For better result can be used launched cable.

ver the last several years, telecommunications have become an ever-increasing part of our daily lives. As we constantly rely on these services, ensuring the dependability of optical networks has become imperative. This is where the optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) comes in. This instrument is designed to test fiber links by detecting losses and letting technicians know what type of faults have occurred on these links, as well as where they are located, facilitating installation and maintenance and reducing network downtime. OTDR measurements, however, are affected by several factors, including the OTDR itself. In order to comprehend the importance of parameter optimization, let us examine the measurement process, as well as the key parameters that influence the results. An OTDR trace is an integrated sum plot of the magnitude of backscattered light

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received from locations along the length of the fiber. The OTDR assumes the fiber to be consistent along its length and equates the backscattered light variations to attenuation. The problem with this method is that, at a splice point, it is possible for the amount of backscattered light before the splice to be greater than that after the splice or vice versa. This difference in the amount of backscattered light results primarily from the mismatch in mode-field diameter (MFD) of the two fibers. Specifically, the capture fraction of an optical fiber is inversely proportional to the mode-field diameter squared. Thus, when two fibers of dissimilar mode field diameters are spliced together, measurable differences in back reflected signal will occur. A uni-directional OTDR trace will show these differences either as a “gainer”, an apparent increase in optical power, or as an exaggerated loss, depending on the direction of the measurement. When measuring from a fiber with a larger MFD to one with a smaller MFD, the OTDR

measurement may result in a gainer. Conversely, when measuring from the smaller MFD to the larger MFD, the measurement will result in an exaggerated loss. “gainers” and “exaggerated losses” as depicted on an OTDR display.

OTDR Measurement Process When light is sent through a glass fiber link, some of the light is reflected back to the transmitter (this is known as backscattering). When characterizing a fiber link using an OTDR, it is this reflected light that is used to calculate the attenuation of the link, the characteristics of loss and the length of the fiber span. The OTDR software displays obvious faults and connections on a generated graph, known as a trace, and provides the loss value in dB as a function of distance. The faults, called events, are listed in a table of events. Figure 1 illustrates a typical OTDR acquisition, displaying a trace and its corresponding table of events.

An OTDR trace is an integrated sum plot of the magnitude of backscattered light received from locations along the length of the fiber. The OTDR assumes the fiber to be consistent along its length and equates the backscattered light variations to attenuation. The problem with this method is that, at a splice point, it is possible for the amount of backscattered light before the splice to be greater than that after the splice or vice versa.

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cover story testing & measuring trace to make them easily identifiable to the user. In addition to locating events, the EXFO OTDR application also numbers the events (on the trace and on the list) so as to allow users to quickly match them with the corresponding measurement information contained in the event table. As stated previously, measurements can be affected by different factors; therefore, it is important to be aware of the parameters that influence the analysis to better interpret results. Key Parameters

Pulse width determines the power of the backscatterreflected signal. A long pulse width amplifies the received signal, making it easier to distinguish it from background noise and, therefore, improving the SNR.

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An OTDR analysis will detect any discrepancy in the fluidity of the light flow. In other words, a near-perfect fiber link would let light through without any loss, but real fiber spans are not perfect; they have impurities that attenuate the light intensity. Furthermore, fiber spans are linked together with splices or connectors, which are additional obstacles to the light flow and, thus, affect the direction of the light. At the precise location where the light encounters these obstacles, the light will either be reflected back to the transmitter (completely or partially) or be forced out of the fiber, or a combination of both. When a significant obstacle is encountered, it is identified as an event. OTDR analysis software must be well designed to thoroughly locate all possible types of events, such as reflections, caused by connectors, fiber breaks or ends; losses, caused by splices or macrobends; or gains, caused by imperfect core alignments or diameter differences (delta variations in mode-field diameter). A good-quality OTDR should be able to clearly point out all types of events on the

Event detection, attenuation and length measurements depend on the signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) the OTDR can reach at any given point of the trace analysis. The SNR is the ratio between the backreflected signal and the noise level, and depends on pulse width, sampling points, measurement distance, receiver bandwidth precision, and averaging number. Therefore, the influence of these factors on event detection, attenuation measurement accuracy and spatial resolution is often difficult to predict by the user. Some OTDR manufacturers have user-definable parameters, while others ntegrate routines that help the user optimize all parameters in order to get the best results. Pulse width determines the power of the backscatter-reflected signal. A long pulse width amplifies the received signal, making it easier to distinguish it from background noise and, therefore, improving the SNR. On the other hand, using a pulse width that is longer than the distance separating two events will lead to inaccurate event detection and measurements. Furthermore, if the pulse width is increased, the attenuation dead zone is also increased, limiting the detection capability of other events after an initial event. Signal averaging also increases SNR. The noise reduction is proportional to the square root of the averaging number used.

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It improves front-end fiber link event measurement accuracy and spatial resolution, especially when measuring closely spaced events. Sampling points have a more complex influence on the end results.

This provides improved event detection and measurement as well as spatial resolution, particularly where the signal is weak. The averaging number refers to the number of measurements acquired on the same sampling point to obtain an average value. Because of the uneven and arbitrary nature of background noise, increasing the averaging number reduces the noise level, improving the SNR, which, in turn, improves the event measurement accuracy and detection. When studying closely spaced events, the averaging number also improves spatial resolution because it helps to reduce noise during high-bandwidth analysis. The influence of the receiverâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s bandwidth resides in the fact that lowbandwidth transmission smoothes down curves and attenuates sharp transitions. Although this reduces noise and improves SNR at the far end of long-range measurements, it increases dead zones. A high receiver bandwidth, on the other hand, transmits sharp transitions from the backscattered and reflected signals, but also lets through noise. This shortens dead zones, but may require more averaging in

order to reduce noise level. A high receiver bandwidth has a limited range mainly due to the random noise it contains. However, it improves front-end fiber link event measurement accuracy and spatial resolution, especially when measuring closely spaced events. Sampling points have a more complex influence on the end results. Without necessarily going into a detailed description of sampling rates and phases, it is safe to say that the main influences of sampling points may be described as follows: n Increasing the number of sampling points decreases the distance between the points. n A high-sampling-point count increases the measurement distance (when not limited by the dynamic range). n Increasing the number of sampling points improves the spatial resolution of events (when not limited by the pulse width). n For a given measurement range and averaging time, increasing the number of sampling points decreases averaging on each point.

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cover story testing & measuring

As field technicians do not work in laboratory conditions, they can’t afford to waste valuable time determining their OTDR’s optimal configuration; nor do they have access to all required knowledge to always select the right parameters.

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OTDR measurements are, of course, an approximation of reality; they are based on statistics and the analysis extrapolates the best possible characterization of a given fiber span. Over the past few years, suppliers have fine-tuned their OTDR equipment and developed technology that allows for very realistic results. However, every OTDR reacts differently to the above-mentioned parameters. Consequently, in order to adequately select parameters for optimum performance, the common outside plant OTDR user must have a thorough understanding of the parameters that generally influence OTDR measurements, as well as their impact on the specific OTDR unit used. For example, using a high-bandwidth analysis and concentrated sampling points while investigating a long pulse width may lead to noisy results, poor SNR and, hence, poor fault detection, as well as erroneous event measurement. As field technicians do not work in laboratory conditions, they can’t afford to waste valuable time determining their OTDR’s optimal configuration; nor do they have access to all required knowledge to always select the right parameters. Therefore, the OTDR should be able to optimize all the parameters necessary to

meet the user’s needs. The impact of the signal-to-noise ratio on the quality of event detection and measurement won’t just go away on its own, this is why suppliers like EXFO optimize their OTDR parameters, providing the user with premium results every time. Parameters such as the pulse width, the number of sampling points, the measurement distance, the receiver bandwidth and averaging all affect the SNR (ratio of back reflected signal-tonoise level). As a whole, these parameters have a considerable impact on the end results and the influence of these factors on event detection measurement and spatial resolution is very difficult to predict as they interact differently in every OTDR. Changing one parameter will modify others, which is something the user might not be aware of or might not want to do. EXFO’s FTB-7000B/70000C OTDR Series modules avoid unwanted results by enabling an optimal configuration, which provides highly accurate measurements, all the time. Field technicians don’t have to worry about parameter optimization. EXFO does, and that’s why the FTB7000B/70000C.

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interview ISA Advance Instruments (I) Pvt. Ltd.

Manufactures as well as utilities are now realizing the importance of quality in their products. The ‘Make in India’ programme will also give big boost to the market of quality instruments Imteyaz Siddiqui, Regional Manager–South Asia & Middle East, ISA Advance Instruments (I) Pvt. Ltd. What is your perception about the Test & Measurement market in 2015? Test & Measurement market is now maturing faster. Manufactures as well as utilities are now realizing the importance of quality in their products. The ‘Make in India’ programme will also give big boost to the market of quality instruments. The quality of the product can only be ensured if it is tested by a reliable and accurate testing equipment. Export market specially is quality conscious. They have to compete with international manufacturers and hence they cannot take chance. Hence the demand for reliable test kits is increasing. Today’s engineers are more quality conscious and are able to convince their management to go for test kits which are more reliable, fully automated and easy to operate. With your vast experience in T & M sector how do you see it emerging in the changed scenario of T & M in India? I have seen the test and measurement market going through the transformation phase. Quality is becoming more and more important. Concerned engineers are now exposed to the best of the technologies available all around the world. We, as a manufacturer, are transforming all our knowledge and experience into our products. We are also trying our level best to educate users about the advantage of using the latest technology in their testing equipment to ensure good quality of their products. I am proud to share that even small and medium enterprises are now convinced and are ready to invest in quality testing equipment. Could you detail about product range and services as well as your manufacturing facility? The Indian market is unique. It is a big country with a huge market potential with two distinct types of customers: one are ‘quality conscious’ and the other are‘price conscious’. Hence, the competition becomes really tough. At ISA, we have a large portfolio of products. On the one hand, we have instruments that are worthwhile for the utilities,while on the other hand, we also have instruments that are good for the manufacturing sector. As the power sector is growing at a regular pace, the demands for testing devices are ever growing. Our instruments are also extremely helpful in estimating the Residual Life Assessment (RLA) of the electrical devices that are in service for a long time. Online monitoring of electrical assets is going to be another important opportunity in the future.

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What is your vision for ISA test in the next two years? Our vision for the designated region is long term; our strategy is simple; andwe are ensuring that we are reachable and accessible to all our existing customers/prospective customers, irrespective of their physical location. We are constantly trying to provide best services to our existing customers, as we firmly believe that each happy and satisfied customer will bring us many more prospective customers. In fact, we are not only enhancing our brand name by spending lots of money on advertisements, but also building our customers’ confidence by providing them good-quality equipment at a reasonable price. We do not go out to sell our equipment aggressively. In fact, we spend time with our prospective customers to understand their present requirement, assess their future needs, and finally suggest them a suitable product. These extra efforts are now being recognized by our customers, and they have started considering us different from other run-of-the-mill suppliers. Do you recall any of the best projects which involved challenges towards completion? Although each and every project is challenging, the one that I can quickly recall is winning the order of relay test kits from GETCO. This order was exciting for two simple reasons: First,all the major players participated in that tender, and second, it was the toughest pre-price bid technical evaluation by a team of GETCO engineers. The fact that GETCO engineers are one of the best trained engineers in the country and that we successfully tested the most advanced relays based on IEC-61850-9-2 made the memory sweeter. What are your products ranges and how does it work well in Indian climate? We have a large range of products catering to both the primary sideandthe secondary side of the power system. We have a wide range of relay test kits, including both three phase and single phase. We have equipment to test transformers, circuit breakers, rotating machines and switchgears. We have test kits which make the life of engineers easier. All our test kits can not only perform tests but their results can be organized and analysed by our test and data management software popularly known as TDMS. As all our products are tested for extreme Indian climatic conditions during the manufacturing process, they work reliably in all geographic regions.

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product line Testo India Pvt. Ltd.

Testo Thermography for Preventive Maintenance Detect anomalies promptly, carry out inspections more efficiently, increase system availability. Use Testo Thermography.

Image 1: Testo Thermal Imager 870 In the global competition for market shares, companies depend on efficient manufacturing processes and machines that run reliably. Service engineers play a key role in this: they bear the responsibility for ensuring the permanent availability of production facilities. To them, thermography is a valuable diagnostic tool. Problems with electrical and mechanical installations usually become evident at an early stage due to thermal irregularities. Thermal imagers visualise status changes and weak spots â&#x20AC;&#x201C; and they do this in a non-contact, non-destructive manner. The next few pages outline how thermal imagers from Testo can help you to perform typical preventive maintenance tasks more reliably, easily and safely.

Overheated clamp connection in a switching cabinet.

Service engineers play a key role in this: they bear the responsibility for ensuring the permanent availability of production facilities. To them, thermography is a valuable diagnostic tool. Temperature development in a plant in plastics production.

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Testoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s product range

Every day, specialist personnel are at the forefront of the struggle to minimise downtimes, prevent damage to mechanical and electrical components, fully exploit the level of equipment utilisation, and as a result also reduce maintenance costs.

The overheating bearing in a conveyor line is clearly visible.

Checking a motor for anomalies.

The challenge: Maintenance was previously considered to be purely a tool for rectifying faults. These days, it is seen as a preventive maintenance service which ensures the permanent availability of production facilities and plays a vital role in the competitiveness of industrial companies. Every day, specialist personnel are at the forefront of the struggle to minimise downtimes, prevent damage to mechanical and electrical components, fully exploit the level of equipment utilisation, and as a result also reduce maintenance costs. Since production usually focuses on a small number of machines or automated systems, when these are shut down this often has far-reaching consequences: one leaky valve can spoil the entire batch, a machine fire could end up jeopardising your companyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s million euro contract, or your companyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s fire insurance may threaten higher premiums as an additional penalty. Large-scale damage may result in the plant shutting down. One out of three fires in industrial companies can be attributed to electrical components overheating, with minor defects such as loose terminals or damaged cables often the cause. Fault-free plant status also guarantees safety in the workplace. There is additional pressure from national

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product line Testo India Pvt. Ltd.

A thermal imager can be used to examine live components or moving parts from a safe distance. This means that thermography can be used to monitor even difficult‑to‑access areas safely and accurately. This increases occupational safety and allows inspections which were previously only possible through investing considerable effort – by shutting down machines or disconnecting electrical installations.

and international legislation, as well as the standards of employers’ liability insurance associations or trade associations. These are all in place for your own safety, since workrelated accidents are more likely to occur in maintenance than in production, despite the lower number of employees. Lastly, all inspections need to be documented, and your supervisor expects a complete, technically accurate report. Thermography is a safe, efficient and simple measuring technique for these typical industrial tasks. The solution: Thermal imagers convert thermal radiation in the infrared range into electrical signals and make them visible. This extension of the range and function of human vision by means of the thermal image is akin to a sixth sense, which service engineers can use to detect concealed defects and anomalies before they turn into proper malfunctions and endanger system availability. Versatile and flexible In electrical installations, thermographic measurement methods are possible at all voltage levels. This means that entire switch cabinets, not to mention medium, high and ultra-high voltage installations, can be inspected efficiently and in compliance with the necessary safety clearance. Carrying out thermographic inspection for just a second time reduces a system’s rate of failure by 80 % and provides an added safeguard against fire. Even before damage occurs, the thermal image provides information about the operating status of mechanical assemblies. Motors, gears, couplings or bearings can be examined individually or as a functional unit. Thermal imagers can be used for precise temperature measurements even on complex aggregates, containers for liquids and gases, turbines or filters. You can use thermography to inspect insulation, and also to detect internal deposits in pipelines and containers. Safe and non-contact A thermal imager can be used to examine live components or moving parts from a safe distance. This means that thermography can be used to monitor even difficult‑to‑access areas safely and accurately. This increases

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occupational safety and allows inspections which were previously only possible through investing considerable effort – by shutting down machines or disconnecting electrical installations. The examination also reveals the thermal behaviour under full load. Problematic areas are clearly indicated on a display. This allows the on-site service engineer to detect and eliminate sources of error at the very moment that these crop up. Using a pyrometer could cause the service engineer to miss these crucial details. In addition, thermograms facilitate clear error documentation and long-term time series comparison of system status. The software can be used to analyse the images quickly and easily, and summarise all work in a report. This reduces tedious paperwork. Place your trust in the global market leader Testo India is a 100% subsidiary of Testo AG, one of the world’s leading manufacturers of portable, innovative measuring instruments and thermal imagers. With an infrared resolution of 320 × 240 pixels with Super Resolution technology, the testo 870 thermal imager offers best-inclass thermography even at an entry level . Testo SuperResolution improves the quality of each recorded infrared image, making it a cut above the rest: the patented technology produces four times as many readings and a usable geometric resolution that is 1.6 times higher. It is a focus free imager which is as simple as an IR thermometer. Just beam at the object and shoot. A larger horizontal display size of screen of 3.5” makes it very easy for the user to see and analyze the image. Its integrated digital camera offers a high resolution digital image of 3.1 MP to help the user detect your actual point of problem and eliminate it. With a wider angle lens you can cover larger area / objects from a shorter distance. The lens selected is so apt that it gives you the required information without losing the smallest data. More information: For more information and answers to all your questions about thermography in preventive maintenance, visit www.testo.in or write to us at info@testoindia.com

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product line

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product line DEIF India Pvt. Ltd.

Get control through touch and fuel optimisation A

s a global supplier of green, safe and reliable energy control solutions, DEIF takes responsibility for design, supply, installation, commissioning and maintenance, offering end-to-end solutions, energy management and customer’s comfort throughout the life-cycle of the project. DEIF solutions are designed for facilities to function smoothly and efficiently. Our revolutionary products and applications are the result of many years of research, development and craving for betterment. In today’s demanding and fast changing world, the only thing that is constant is the need to identify new means to improve operational proficiencies, especially when dealing with electrical power. DEIF offers innovative solution that gives Power in Control at the touch of a screen. Combining the intelligent and fuel optimised power management system with interactive & elegant human machine interface, DEIF’s solution can let the power plant operators monitor and control power plants with large number of generators from one location.

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The strong communication capabilities let the data flow to the HMI and also get seamlessly integrated with the Building Management System or Plant SCADA to give a comprehensive overview. For smaller installations, it is possible to even integrate third party equipment in to the DEIF network to display relevant information. Interactive & Elegant HMI Solution We have a comprehensive HMI solution, DEIF’s AGI 100 series,that allows the user to view the entire system on a single screenthus facilitating convenient and effective monitoring and control of all systems such as firealarm &extinguishing systems,heating, ventilation & air-conditioning systems, access control, CCTV monitoring, evacuation or any other third party systems and critical parameters simultaneously; from a remote location at the touch of the graphical user interface.

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Fuel costs are on the rampant rise day by day, which means your genset operating costs will keep on increasing dramatically, thus effectively sustaining loss of net profits.

Benefits of AGI 100 • Central or remote control and monitoring of mission critical facilities such as Hospitals, Data Centres etc., by integrating with Building Management System • Control of multiple systems at one place from floor level to top level • Possibility of individual system control • Clear graphical representation of required data to check status of system or sub-systems • Effective monitoring of power generation and consumption • Improved plant reliability and life • Userfriendly interfaces increase personnel productivity • Effective reduction of downtime risk • Eliminates the need for other instruments, saving space and wiring • Connects to all DEIF controllers and nonDEIF controllers via TCP/IP/Modbus communication protocols enabling it’s use as a small SCADA system • Available in 4.3”, 7”, 10.1” and 15” sizes with a choice of 10 languages for a single project, including Russian and Chinese • Supported with DEIF Screen Designer software that allows you to simulate and customiseyour project on your PC in design phase • Multiple levelsof user authorization and password protection to safeguard your application and project files

AGC 200–Fuel Optimised Power Management Solution Fuel costs are on the rampant rise day by day, which means your genset operating costs will keep on increasing dramatically, thus effectively sustaining loss of net profits. Introduction of DEIF’s Advanced Genset Controller, AGC 200 into your system helps you to save fuel costs through fuel optimisation technology. In fuel optimisation mode, unequally rated genset in a system will start and stop in the best possible combination for a given load, based on their actual nominal power generating capacity. The advanced genset controller series integrates all necessary functions for superior genset protection, monitoring&control and stands out for its reliability &operatorfriendliness. Other features of AGC 200 • Multiple operating modes in one software • Synchronisation of up to 56 breakers in one plant • Multi-master power management • Load-dependent start and stop • Load management • Priority selection (fuel optimisation, relative running hours, absolute running hours,manual) • User-programmable logic (M-Logic) • Configurable inputs/outputs • Engine, generator and load protection • J1939 engine communication, supporting 11 different engine brands with the ability to easily handle other engine brands • Remote control via high speed TCP/IP , RS485 Modbus or GSM modem • Multi-language interface • -40°C operation temperature • IP 66 protection • Lifetime logging stored on SD card Ready to move forward? Write to us at india@deif.com or talk to uson (+91) 22 4245 2000for more information about our products and applications.

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product line Doble Engineering Private Ltd

Diagnostics, system protection & asset management in the power industry

earn and contribute on issues pertaining to diagnostics, system protection & asset management in the power industry. Make your operation systems more efficient and enable quicker response time. These goals are achievable by attending the training and discussions that you will be a part of at the 13th India Doble Power Forum. Regarded as one of the most valuable events for the region’s practicing engineers and executives in electric power utilities and industries, this forum allows participants to share experiences and exchange new ideas for the reliable and safe operation of high voltage equipment and power system protection. Participants will also have the opportunity to get acquainted with the latest techniques. The programme is divided into two specialized tracks: n Challenges & learnings in high voltage apparatus diagnostics & asset management. n Challenges & learnings in power system protection & substation automation.

The annual India Doble Power Forum is a premier industry event where the focus is on knowledge sharing by power utilities and power apparatus OEMs on the challenges Y& learnings in diagnostics, high voltage asset management and power system protection / automation. We invite your contributions through the papers with case studies, presentations and deliberations on field / factory testing and diagnostic experiences in the above fields. Join us for this unique experience and gain the knowledge you need. For details contact: Doble Engineering Private Ltd 2nd Floor, Suvidhi Pride Gorwa-Refinery Road Vadodara – 390003 Gujarat, India Tel +91 265 6557715 Fax +91 265 2290995 Email: doblesouthasia@doble.com

Elmeasure india pvt. ltd.

Elmeasure iPFC - Intelligent POWER FACTOR CONTROLLER

lmeasure has introduced yet another innovative product called iPFC. It helps in controlling the power factor thereby avoiding the penalty imposed by the electricity supply company. It also saves cost, increases internal electrical system capacity and improves voltage drop at the point of use. This leads to an efficient electrical system. Unlike in conventional controllers, Elmeasure’s power factor controller senses three phase voltage and current. This ensures the perfect controlling of power factor in unbalanced load conditions. It’s rightly called intelligent as it increases the life of the correction capacitor, by controlling based on the capacitor bank switching history. It is not just a PF controller but also a true multifunction meter. It has V, A, Hz, W, VAR, and Wh parameters in addition to PF. Hence this product is truly power packed. It also has RS485 communication option. This product can be used in all incomers as a PF controller and also as a multifunction meter. For more details visit www.elmeasure.com or email marketing@elmeasure.com

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product line Geissel India

Geissel India – German Quality Produced In India G

eissel India is an established name in India as a supplier of cable glands and electrical wiring accessories since many years. The 100% German owned & family run Company since 1920, manufactures goods as per exacting German standards and has created a niche for itself in the Indian electrical market with its International Class Products. The “Geissel” brand of cable glands is well known and accepted worldwide. Products include cable glands in brass, polyamide and stainless steel S.S 303(1.4305) & S.S. 316 TI (1.4571) – according to RoHS standards, in IP 54, IP 68 and EMC - upto cable dia of 116 mm with all kinds of threads, i.e. Pg, metric and inch. Other products are plugs, reducers, enlargements, lock nuts, etc. Three recently introduced products from the Geissel stable have created an impact in the Indian electrical market: Double compression cable glands, Conduits and Conduit glands. Double Compression cable glands: The first of its kind in the Indian market with IP 68 and only three sizes to suit cable dia from 12 – 34 mm. Introduced just over a year ago, discerning customers have praised the product for its design, easy application and convenience of only three sizes. Designed and engineered in Germany, but manufactured in India, customers of International repute are finding many advantages in using these glands over others. Conduits & Conduit glands: The conduits are available in galvanized steel as well as PVC coating on galvanized steel in grey and black colours. Complementing them are the conduit glands which fit the conduits perfectly. The design and application is simple and customers get a one-stop solution to their needs for conduits and the ease in fitting them. Geissel has also achieved success in their EMC glands. Available in brass with nickel plating in metric as well as Pg threads, these glands are very user-friendly. Customers of international repute have appreciated this simple but effective design. To promote and exhibit its products, Geissel has taken part in numerous exhibitions since the past six years, in India and abroad. Geissel India’s USP is the availability of all products exstock from their factory in Pune. For more information: Email: info@geissel-india.com Web: www.geissel.com

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special feature TRANSFORMER

Transformers market has been driven by the transmission and the distribution sector 046

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ransformers market has been driven by the transmission and the distribution sector. The growth in these segments will also drive the transformer

market. “Rapid urbanisation and development of roads, metros and other infrastructure projects across the country is also expected to generate huge demand for transformers as power generation and maintenance is required in all manufacturing sectors.” The market is further anticipated to witness sound healthy growth rates and empowering demand for the impending years. The initiatives undertaken by the Indian government alongside the need of substitution of transformers introduced in the previous years is relied upon to drive development in the Indian transformers market. The domestic transformer industry is definitely

“This is a serious matter of concern as direct impact on smalland medium-sized transformer manufacturers. However, the government’s continued efforts to revive the power and the infrastructure sector augur very well for the transformers industry as both these sectors would need strong electrification which will help the local players maintain a healthy growth rate”.

facing some stiff competition from outside as cheaper imports from China and Korea have majorly impacted the industry. “This is a serious matter of concern as direct impact on small- and medium-sized transformer manufacturers. However, the government’s continued efforts to revive the power and the infrastructure sector augur very well for the transformers industry as both these sectors would need strong electrification which will help the local players maintain a healthy growth rate”.

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special feature TRANSFORMER

The Indian power sector is one of the most diversified in the world. Sources for power generation range from conventional ones such as coal, lignite, natural gas, oil, hydro and nuclear power to other viable nonconventional sources such as wind, solar, and agriculture and domestic waste. The demand for electricity in the country has been growing at a rapid rate and is expected to grow further in the years to come.

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Power or electricity is one of the most critical components of infrastructure affecting economic growth and well-being of nations. The existence and development of adequate infrastructure is essential for sustained growth of the Indian economy. The Indian power sector is one of the most diversified in the world. Sources for power generation range from conventional ones such as coal, lignite, natural gas, oil, hydro and nuclear power to other viable non-conventional sources such as wind, solar, and agriculture and domestic waste. The demand for electricity in the country has been growing at a rapid rate and is expected to grow further in the years to come. In order to meet the increasing requirement of electricity, massive addition to the installed generating capacity in the country is required.

The Indian power sector is undergoing a significant change that is redefining the industry outlook. Sustained economic growth continues to drive power demand in India. The Government of India’s focus to attain ‘Power For All’ has accelerated capacity addition in the country. At the same time, the competitive intensity is increasing on both market side as well as supply side (fuel, logistics, finances and manpower). The Planning Commission’s 12th Plan expects total domestic energy production to reach 669.6 million tonnes of oil equivalent (MTOE) by 2016–17 and 844 MTOE by 2021–22. By 2030 – 35, energy demand in India is projected to be the highest among all countries according to the 2014 energy outlook report by British oil giant BP. As of April 2014, total thermal installed

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Some of the major investments made into the Indian power sector are as follows:

capacity stood at 168.4 gigawatt (GW), while hydro and renewable energy installed capacity totalled 40.5 GW and 31.7 GW, respectively. At 4.8 GW, nuclear energy capacity remained broadly constant from that in the previous year. Indian solar installations are forecasted to be approximately 1,000 megawatt (MW) in 2014, according to Mercom Capital Group, a global clean energy communications and consulting firm. Wind energy market of India is expected to attract about Rs 20,000 crore (US$ 3.16 billion) of investments next year, as companies across sectors plan to add 3,000 MW of capacity powered by wind energy. Around 293 global and domestic companies have committed to generate 266 gigawatts (GW) of solar, wind, mini-hydel and bio-mass based power in India over the next 5-10 years. The initiative would entail an investment of about US$ 310-350 billion. The industry has attracted FDI worth US$ 9,548.82 million during the period April 2000 to February 2015.

n Inox Wind Ltd, a subsidiary of Gujarat Fluorochemicals and a wind energy solutions provider, plans to double its manufacturing capacity to 1,600 MW at a total investment of Rs 200 crore (US$ 31.64 million) by the end of next financial year. n Suzlon Energy Ltd announced that it has completed installing and commissioning 350 MW of wind energy in Brazil. This combined capacity includes projects located in the high wind states of Rio Grande do Norte and Ceara in Brazil. n ACME Group plans to invest Rs 600 crore (US$ 94.93 million) to develop 74 MW of solar photovoltaic (PV) power projects in Punjab. n The Dilip Shanghvi family, founders of Sun Pharma, plans to acquire a 23 per cent stake in Suzlon Energy with a preferential issue of fresh equity for Rs 1,800 crore (US$ 284.8 million). n Reliance Power Ltd has signed an accord with the Government of Rajasthan to develop 6,000 MW of solar power projects in the state over the next 10 years. n Global private equity (PE) fund Actis will invest US$ 230 million to create an Indian renewable energy platform, Ostro Energy, the fund said in a press release. Ostro Energy’s first project Tejuva—a 50.4 MW wind project—is already under construction in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan. The Government of India has identified the power sector as a key sector of focus to promote sustained industrial growth. The RE-INVEST 2015 which concluded on February 17, 2015, is a significant step in making India self-reliant in energy. The three day RE-INVEST 2015 received 2,800 delegates participating from 42 countries and saw green energy commitments worth 266,000 MW.

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special feature TRANSFORMER

Some of the initiatives taken by the Government of India to boost the power sector of India are as follows:

The Government has taken several initiatives to improve the performance in major infrastructure sectors. Five major initiatives taken in the power sector are given below.

n A Joint Indo-US PACE Setter Fund has been established with a contribution of US$ 4 million from each side to enhance clean energy cooperation. n The Government of India has announced a massive renewable power production target of 175,000 MW by 2022, comprising 100,000 MW from solar power, 60,000 MW from wind energy, 10,000 MW from biomass and 5,000 MW from small hydro power projects. n The Union Cabinet of India has approved 15,000 MW of grid-connected solar power projects of National Thermal Power Corp Ltd (NTPC). n The Indian Railways has signed a bilateral power procurement agreement with the Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC). The agreement was signed between North Central Railway and DVC. This is the first time the railways will directly buy power from a supplier.

Automatic approval of Foreign Direct Investment Automatic approval for 100% foreign equity is permitted in generation, transmission and distribution, and trading in the power sector without any upper ceiling on the quantum of investment. Signing of Fuel Supply Agreements The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) has issued a directive to the Ministry of Coal/Coal India Limited to sign fuel supply agreements (FSAs) for a total capacity of 78,000 MW, including tapering linkage.

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n US federal agencies have committed a total of US$ 4 billion for projects and equipment sourcing, one of the biggest deals for the growing renewable energy sector in India. n A memorandum of collaboration (MoC) was signed in New Delhi on January 20, 2015 between the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and Oil & Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) to work towards a collective research and development (R&D) programme for developing indigenous technologies to enhance exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons and alternate sources of energy. The Indian power sector has an investment potential of Rs 15 trillion (US$ 237.35 billion) in the next 4-5 years, providing immense opportunities in power generation, distribution, transmission and equipment, said Mr Piyush Goyal, Union Minister of Coal, Power and Renewable Energy. The immediate goal of the government is to produce two trillion units (kilowatt hours) of energy by 2019. This will mean doubling the current production capacity in order to achieve provide 24x7 electricity for residential, industrial, commercial and agriculture use. The Government has taken several initiatives to improve the performance in major infrastructure sectors. Five major initiatives taken in the power sector are given below.

Pass-Through mechanism Pass-through mechanism for the concluded Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) has been approved by the CCEA. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana for electricity feeder separation and strengthening sub-transmission and distribution systems in rural areas has been launched. Ultra Mega Solar Power Ultra Mega Solar Power projects in Rajasthan, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, and Laddakh in J&K have been announced.

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expert views ITMA

Management of T & D System losses (Technical) T B. LAL Director General Indian Transformer Manufacturers Association (ITMA)

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ransmission and Distribution system losses is a universal phenomenon. These losses encompass technical and commercial plus theft of electricity. Technical losses are inherent in the system while commercial losses are only confined to 1 % due to metering & billing problems. Theft of electricity is rampant in at least 90% of the countries world over where India stands amongst the worst countries with official figures of average 25%. Still there are few states in India having 50% losses or even more. Govt. of India, MOP has been striving hard to reduce the losses and eradicate the menace of theft but it appears it is taking much longer time than was originally envisaged. Drastic actions against theft of electricity are thwarted by vested interest & political interference. Besides, due to below cost tariff being charged, the financial health of utilities is in precarious condition despite corporatization of Electricity Boards. Moreover these discoms/utilities are still dominated mostly by respective state administration since, all sections of Generation, Transmission and distribution are headed by IAS officers having 8 to 10 years of generic experience other than electricity for short duration of 2 to 3 years without any accountability and have to command over technical experts who have 20 to 25 years of experience in the organization on the subject. Such a administrative set up by and large is responsible for poor performance with horrendous losses with insufficient investment to improve the services, rather the system is going down the drain coupled with cross subsidies demanded by Utilities as compensation from the state Government for free or nominal tariff for agriculture sector and low strata of society is grossly inadequate to sustain at a reasonably acceptable standard.

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Countries having advanced economy have no theft of electricity and technical & commercial losses varies between 4 to 6% while in developing economies the losses varies between 6 to 8%. Power system losses constitute the losses in Generation, step up Transformer, transmission lines, step down transformer, sub-transmission lines, primary 33KV or 11KV feeders, distribution transformers, low voltage lines, service line and meters. Taking the case of countries of emerging economies the average technical losses should be around 10% and the following probable losses of various sections of power system can be considered as most appropriate:Section of system

% losses

Power Station Step up Transformers and Transmission Grid Sub Station Transformers

1.0

Sub-Transmission System

2.0

Primary and secondary feeders

1.5

Distribution Transformers

2.o

LV, Service Lines & Metering

3.5

As already pointed out, the commercial losses should not be more than 1% which earlier used to be between 4 to 5% when manual system of billing was prevalent. Despite computerization of billing system, now still some complaints cause losses such as premises locked, untraced wrong address, non-receipt of bills, request for installment, defective meters cases, revision of supplementary bills, removal of meters, change of tariff category, preparation of final bill, refunds of security amount, refund of temporary connection charges, issue of disconnection/ restoration orders, name change cases etc. can be solved by proper management.

There is another important aspect i.e. transformation losses are required to be assessed by utilities, are those when licensees like MES, Railways etc,are being supplied at 33/11KV level from utilities system. But when the utility itself is purchasing and supplying power at higher voltage say 66KV/132KV/220KV level and more power is supplied to the licensee the transformation losses are very necessary to be worked out and accounted for. It has been observed that the energy consumed in Utility offices, workshops, construction and maintenance works is not metered and accounted for particularly for dehydration of Power and Distribution Transformers in the system which is routine maintenance work. All such works are generally carried out and the energy consumed comes under commercial losses. Very small amount of losses are contributed by EHV and It has been sub-transmission lines and Methods observed that the grid substations. of reduction of T & D losses energy consumed are available in numerous in Utility offices, reports produced by experts. The Indian Power System is workshops, divided in to five regions and construction and had been operating technically independently but with the maintenance functionality of National Grid works is not all the five regions have been synchronized for inter transfer of metered and power in the event of any crisis. accounted for But loose end still remains to be particularly for connected for 100% operation , as availability of sufficient power dehydration remains a challenge with Govt. of Power and of India gap between demand and supply is ever increasing Distribution every by year. Such a vast EHV Transformers in network where long trunk lines the system are installed from generating stations to load centers when which is routine the use of reactive power maintenance work. compensation with switched reactors and capacitors has to be deployed as an essential means to minimize the line losses and for improvement of voltage profile. Hence the basic principal is that the Utilities have to maintain nominal voltage at all levels on definite loads at optimal power factor in order to keep the technical losses at minimum percentage level. Most losses occur in the distribution system are in primary & secondary feeders, Distribution Transformers, Services lines and Metering. These are caused by overloaded lines particularly distribution network, loose connections, leakages, inadequate maintenance of LV lines, Distribution Transformers and at very low power factor.

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expert views ITMA

The standard of constructions and maintenance has to be improved as it has been observed that even tightening of service line jumpers, nut bolts at the point of tapping atop a pole can reduce losses

The reduction of losses is necessary for saving of energy which will help in increase of power capacity. In fact at the planning and design stage of the system, all relevant data should be worked out and help of computer could be sought so that most economical design is evolved for installation, operation and maintenance. Broadly various methods for reducing the losses are as under:Optimizing the lines capacity, transformer capacity and its location based on load factor, maintaining appropriate voltage level in distribution system, Selection of open point in the ring main system for minimum losses, installation of shunt capacitor at suitable points for reactive compensation and correction of unbalanced loading on phases. Low power factors of the system increases in the losses, increases higher current and poor voltage regulation which will require additional power generation and distribution network of higher capacity thus increasing the capital cost. It can be looked after by installing adequate compensation with capacitors. Even authorities can consider recording of KVAH units in cases of domestic and non- domestic 3

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phase connections acceding 11KV loads. Consumers can be educated to install capacitive devices at the metering points. Such measures shall reduce losses. Besides there is ample scope of energy saving by using computerized control for network monitoring and management, use of digital static energy meters, use of LED lighting system in domestic and public/ streets lights, use of energy efficient Distribution Transformers, use of proper lift irrigation motor pumps for agriculture. The standard of constructions and maintenance has to be improved as it has been observed that even tightening of service line jumpers, nut bolts at the point of tapping atop a pole can reduce losses It is however pointed out that the above ways and means of reducing the technical losses are not exhaustive and the utilities/discoms ought to formulate detailed programme of other known methods of reduction of losses and adhere religiously to bring down the losses to the optimum level of 10%. The remaining 15% of theft are required to be eliminated with heavy hand with an exemplary punishment to the culprits which is in fact a subject in itself. Besides the authority should seriously consider to place the subject of power with Engineers/experts rather than with Civil Servants whose services could be utilized in the appropriate departments, more so when it was contended a year ago that India is short of Civil Servant cadre (IAS) officers in the country.

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interview S K Negi, GETCO

S K Negi

Managing Director, GETCO

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We have fair amount of success in capacity addition, both in public and private sectors including State generation in the 11th Five Year Plan as well as in first two and half years of 12th Five Year Plan. In fact, the total installed generation capacity of 255 GW is not fully put to use due to several uncertainties in the sector, which were not anticipated. Costly fuel gas based plants do not come under merit order and moreover, competitive tariff based power plants are struggling with fuel cost impact of imported coal. In spite of these constraints, capacity addition helped in fulfilling the demand with good frequency in the grid. Low average unit price of power in the open market is an indicator of adequate supply and any load shedding today could only be on account of transmission & distribution network constraints or unwilling to avail power to moderate the financial losses inherent in their business model. It is appreciable that generation sector has improved a lot as far as PLF is concerned, but the issue of quality of

coal in absence of inadequate washeries and non-availability of gas are always a challenge for power plants. There was a time when we have only BHEL, but thanks to the foreign investment from many MNCs, we have options today to decide on efficient technologies of Super Critical and Ultra Super Critical plants. In Generation sector, we have to now onwards think big in respect of Renewable Energy (RE) generation, both solar and wind. The capacity addition in solar has stepped up, while the same is not the case for wind energy. MNRE, GoI has ambitious plan of 100 GW solar and 60 GW of wind by 2020. There does not seem to be much issue of manufacturing capacity and cost is bound to reduce with economy of scale. To succeed in RE capacity addition, we have to overcome regulatory and commercial challenges along with grid integration issues. We will have to address these issues as early as possible to keep the tempo and smooth deployment of funding to avoid any anxiety in the mind of financial institution. We would like to share

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some of the critical issues. Variability, uncertainty and intermittency of RE are causing grid operation challenges for those utilities which have high wind potential. The narrow allowable band of +150 MW in the Deviation Settlement Mechanism (DSM) is impossible to follow and resulting into financial loss to utilities. In addition to this, the State generation companies are suffering on account of inefficient operation of conventional plants, which are forced to ramped up / down frequently. To address such issues, we will have to insist on forecasting mechanism as well as Renewable Regulatory Fund (RRF) mechanism, which has been suspended for commercial purpose. Since there is no commercial impact, wind developers are not very keen to provide dispatch schedules based on the wind forecast. On regulatory part, special dispensation should be given to high wind potentials States to allow spinning reserve of gas plant for quick ramped up / down. There is an immediate need to increase the +150 MW band in DSM for high wind potential States to help distribution companies to avoid facing the penalty. The balancing mechanism to maintain frequency will be required with more and more RE, but we have no mechanism of ancillary services and utilization of costly gas generation. However, we can prudently and effectively do it through pump storage system of Hydro plants, which we have many in India. We have to identify pump storage system in the country by pooling RE sources as National Assets and achieve the balancing through pooled Pump Storage System.

Transmission Sector This is one sector which has taken the full benefit of Electricity Act provisions to build up the capacity, though there is mismatch between interstate and intrastate network development. It is heartening to note that manufacturing sector performed very well to fulfill the supply requirement like in generation sector up to 765 kV level. There has been good investment in manufacturing sector. It is important that adequate business is generated for the sustainability of these manufacturing capacities. Grid collapse on 30th and 31st July 2012 provides us opportunity to focus on network development and grid operation technologies. Our challenge is to have grid operation technologies and support the operator in load dispatch centre with State of Art pre-warning and monitoring systems like PMUs and WAMS analytics. An automated IT based transmission grid control would be a better choice than manual control system. Other challenges for transmission sector are inadequate Inter-regional corridor, short term Open Access, Transmission network for Renewable Energy (RE), Modernization of Load Dispatch Centres and adoption of Smart Grid Technologies. Further, Right of Way issue and forest clearances are the major bottlenecks for the timely completion of transmission projects. It may be necessary to think innovative solutions like use of existing line with high ampacity conductor to save corridors, monopole design, narrow base towers and compact switchgear technologies for upgradation in existing and new substation.

This is one sector which has taken the full benefit of Electricity Act provisions to build up the capacity, though there is mismatch between interstate and intrastate network development.

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interview S K Negi, GETCO

Distribution Sector

S K Negi GETCO

Unique and one of its kind distribution feeder bifurcation project by name Jyoti Gram Yojana (JGY) was taken up throughout the state to ensure 8 hour agriculture supply and 24x7 uninterrupted power supply to rural households.

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Barring few States, it remained a loss making business. While there has been compelling reasons, both social and political, which kept the tariff unchanged for long time, it may not be incorrect to say that professionalism is missing. Even if Discoms focus on AT&C losses and revenue realization, it may give them enough breathing space. They have to work on these two with a strategy without annoying anyone. They have to target “A” category and urban feeder consumers including industries to earn revenue. Few crores investment on energy meters at important interface locations will enable Discoms to account for energy loss on daily basis. The success in many city / urban locations which were handed over to private firms, very vividly speaks the erroneous business decision. It is not to take away the credit from private firm, but to prove the point that Discoms have to focus on revenue earning locations, when you know the ground reality of universal service obligations. Little further, Discoms must focus on critical operational issues, which have impact on finance as well as consumer service. One of them is distribution transformer failure. It is unfortunate that everyone blames and wants Discoms to act, whereas industry and its associations are silent spectators to allow unscrupulous companies to be their member and run the business. We need to identify someone to act authoritatively on this. Success story of Gujarat Power Sector could be an inspiration for other utilities. Gujarat state followed majorities of mandates given in the Electricity Act’ 2003: • By creating business opportunities in the State, Private sector capacity addition has been 11220 MW since 2005 including

Ultra Mega Power Plant (UMPP) • P er capita consumption of electricity is increased to 1708 units compare to national average of about 930 units. • Capital investment of around Rs 13750 cr. in transmission sector since unbundling and transmission capacity has become doubled. • Transmission losses reduction to a value of 3.95%. • The grid transmission capacity has gone up from 8693 MW in 2005 to 22954 MW with an improved system availability of more than 99.5%. • Renovation & Modernization of obsolete technologies and aged assets with a investment of more than Rs 1000 cr. in 11th FYP • Unique and one of its kind distribution feeder bifurcation project by name Jyoti Gram Yojana (JGY) was taken up throughout the state to ensure 8 hour agriculture supply and 24x7 uninterrupted power supply to rural households. Many states have already taken up and many more may follow. The objective of this feeder bifurcation scheme is to provide regulated power supply and in turn curb the AT&C losses by proper energy accounting. • Revenue realization of all Discoms has shooted from Rs 10021 cr in FY 2005-06 to Rs 32084 cr in FY 2013-14 • AT&C losses brought down from 31.85% in FY 2005-06 to 19.48% in FY 2013-14 • 1st state in India to come out with Solar Policy and put up a capacity of more than 500 MW in a single year.

Way Forward

There is no second thought that we will have to depend on conventional generation for next 15 – 20 years, even though ambitious target for RE are planned. New generation capacity requires land, water and environmental clearances which are the major challenges. It will therefore be prudent to install new capacities with state of art Super Critical Boiler Technology in place of aged inefficient units and take full advantage of the existing infrastructure and resources. These new technologies have low heat rate and comparatively less auxiliary power consumption.

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Capacity addition in RE will gain momentum once we appreciate and take corrective actions on issues encountered so far in technology, grid operation and regulatory framework. In nutshell, following things should be in place- (i) Mandatory forecasting, (ii) Balancing mechanism through pump storage schemes at regional and national level, (iii) Renewal Portfolio Obligation (RPO) and (iv) Grid operation flexibility to high wind potential states. Grid collapse on 30th and 31st July 2012 provides us opportunity to focus on network development and grid operation technologies. Our challenge is to have grid operation technologies and support the operator in load dispatch centre with State of Art pre-warning and monitoring systems like PMUs and WAMS. An automated IT based transmission grid control would be a better choice than manual control system. Forest and wildlife clearances are the major stumbling blocks for timely completion of transmission lines. Even though, this has been fully acknowledged, but concrete action plan and procedure is yet to be establish. It will not be wrong to suggest a regulator for this purpose. As the business in transmission looks lucrative and plausible, we have to be very calculative to throw open the total transmission business on Tariff Based Competitive Bidding (TBCB). We have to ascertain the capacity and capabilities

Transmission sector has to install enough redundancy and reliability in the network by curbing the unwanted tripping and equipment failure rates, considering the vast population of aged assets with many of them having obsolete technologies. Therefore, Renovation and Modernization with innovative and time bond solutions would be essential. Substantial part of the capex must be allocated for R&M. Time to time Government of India has pumped money to revive the distribution sector for better performance in terms of household connection (RGGVY), reduction of losses through HVDS and metering infrastructure. However, the improvements are not up to the mark as expected, barring few states. Further, new schemes are coming up. It is important that we learn lesson from the past and enforce a project monitoring mechanism which consistently and quantitatively reviews the ground progress. Distribution sector is to be fully liberated from political umbrella as prevailing in few states and empowered administratively under the regulatory framework for their tariff determination and Standards of Performance (SoP). Role of state government is to be effectively limited to law and order support to Discoms. Management structure of Discoms has to focus mainly on two accounts â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Revenue realization and curbing AT&C losses.

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interview ELECTROTHERM (INDIA) LTD.

Solar is the most growing Industry in our country. We already have huge success story on Solar Inverter Applications. Till date not a single Transformer have reported any trouble at site --- that’s a great pride we would like to share. Sanjib Mitra, Country Head Sales & Marketing (Transformers & Solar Power House),

Electrotherm (India) Ltd.

Electrotherm (ET) is a diversified conglomerate; shed some light on its transformer division and the different type of transformers you manufacture and the different industries you cater to? We at ET have dedicated team for design, engineering and manufacturing and Testing of Heavy Duty, High efficient Transformers used mainly in steel industries for Furnace application, most of them are water cooled as conventional air cooling by radiators will not meet the heat exchange requirement. We have been serving process industries including Mines & Metals , Oil & Gas , Cement , Textile , Food processing , Chemical, Plastic, Rubber, Fertilizers, Petrochemicals, Automobile…. almost all varieties of industries with our reliable and fail safe technology on Converter Duty , Rectifier duty, and all special category Transformers. Regarding Power and Distribution Transformers, it is worth to mention that these are cake walk for us as the team is trained for special heavy duty Transformers. Because of our proven record of high quality and durability, we have gathered huge customer base who prefers ET in Power & Distribution range also.We got a huge success in Solar Inverter Duty Transformers because of high reliability and low loss design offered by us. Industrial transformers are tailor-made for industrial applications, how does ET address the needs of different industries? What are the properties that make ET’’s Industrial transformer unique? Generally Transformer is most ignored electrical product in electrical industries in terms of efficiency. ET continuously strives hard to educate customers on selection of low loss Transformers which not only saves electricity bill but because of less heat loss, the reliability factor goes very high, we may be among few companies who has own customer delight in terms of Heat Run Test on Transformers at actual full load conditions. Generally harmonics and unbalance currents are ignored by most designers which generate extra heat and thus reduce efficiency and life of the Transformer. With time, Customers have learnt the importance of Transformer Loss which has helped ET to make it’s own position in the Market.

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Within the industrial transformer segment what are the industries that are likely to drive growth for ET in the future? Solar is the most growing Industry in our country. We already have huge success story on Solar Inverter Applications. Till date not a single Transformer have reported any trouble at site --- that’s a great pride we would like to share. Actually most of the manufacturers forget to design while considering the effect of DC to AC generation through Inverter. The moment it is considered, the Transformer become fully fail safe. Steel industry is another driver for our business growth. Express your views on the new governments efforts in revitalizing the power industry in India? How much is the power distribution transformer segment likely to contribute to the overall growth of the company in future? The new govt has taken drastic steps toward encouragement of Solar Power generation throughout the country. This has raised a huge demand in manufacturing sectors. Transformer being the heart of Solar generation has got a big boost. We have already completed 400 MW Solar Inverter duty Transformers in last 2 years. Transformer is the most focused business in ET t&d segment and we are hoping double digit growth from Transformer division in coming years. What are the challenges in procuring CGRO steel for transformer manufacturing in India? How does it affect ET and the steps you undertake to mitigate the CRGO Challenge? Rather than a challenge, we would say it has made our life easy as Govt has taken steps towards banning of secondary CRGO in Transformer manufacturing industry. We had been using only prime core from day #1 and were finding non competitive when compared with people using seconds. Now the competition has become fair as everybody has to used prime core only. Consumers are getting benefitted--- Thanks to the Govt.

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interview ELECTROTHERM (INDIA) LTD.

Sanjib Mitra Electrotherm (India) Ltd.

We find ourselves competitive in level playing field. Past records always help us to stay ahead of competition whenever we attempt.

Tell us more about ET’s manufacturing and R&D capabilities? R&D has been our strength from the inception. We have very innovative team who continuously strive to reach their goal. For The Transformers we always study to improve upon quality and durability of insulating materials and better design of core coil assembly to increase efficiency. It has helped us a lot to earn customer delight How do you ensure that products with utmost quality reach your costumers? We have a quality team continuously working for vendor process assessment and quality checks. The dedicated team ensures full quality control at every stage of in house manufacturing so that not even a little erroneous component is used in any of the assemblies. Quality is not a task here, it’s a habit. Each Transformer goes through stringent quality checks to increase reliability and thus the team completes it’s task towards fail safe technology.

What differentiates ET from its competitors? How do you keep ahead of your competitors? Differentiation is the key word in our customer approach. We try to learn first the application and collect all important technical inputs for that application. Each ET Transformer offer is submitted with design backed calculation and drawings which help customer to understand the feature of the offered product. We find ourselves competitive in level playing field. Past records always help us to stay ahead of competition whenever we attempt. Define success for yourself and your company? Where do you see ET’s transformer division in the next 3 to 5 years? We are a known name in Industry as a reliable supplier of Transformers. Most of our orders are repeat orders from same client base or their referral. We wish to grow at the same pace of overall industry growth in the country. Steady & sustainable growth is the one we aim at. We do not believe in short term gains, a long term and continual growth will fit us the best.

product line TRANSFIELD TRANSFORMERS AND ELECTRONICS Pvt. LTD.

‘Transfield’ Manufactures Custom Built Transformers in the Range of 10 VA to 100.0 KVA

“T

ransfield” manufactures Control & Power Transformers, also Inductors / Line Reactors [Chokes ] for various industrial applications. These Transformers are widely used for Machine tools, Control Panels, VFD Panels, APFC/CAPACITOR Panels, Instruments, Power supplies, UPS Systems, Solar Inverters, Wind Energy Systems, Battery chargers etc. “Transfield” Manufactures Custom Built Transformers in the Range of 10 VA to 100.0 KVA either Single Phase or Three Phase. These Transformers’ construction may be of Auto or Isolation type. The product range includes Inductors / Line Reactors (Chokes ) in single or Three phase, either Air-Core OR Iron Core type. Tapped Inductors & Shunt [Load] Reactors are also made as per requirements. The Company also manufactures special purpose Transformers like Zigzag OR Phase shifting Transformers. And wind - solar Inverter Isolation Transformers for Parallel operations with national Electrical grid. The Transformers / Chokes are made with Super

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Enameled or DFGC Copper and Aluminum round wires or Rectangular strips of Insulation class, “F” / “H”. Low loss CRGO / CRNGO stampings are used as per the requirements of customers and their specifications to suit their typical applications. All the products are warranted for 12 months for their performance. The Company [ firm ] is serving the Electrical/ Electronic industries since more than 20 years, with Best efficient Transformers, Reactors etc. at Reasonable prices and with Prompt Deliveries. Transfield Transformers & Electronics Pvt. Ltd. Milkat No.: 690 - 1183,S.No.: 85/1/A, Near Shinde Bridge,NDA Road, Shivane, Pune – 411023. TELE : .020-25291363 / 25291393. CELL : 9922123344 E-MAIL : pandit@transfieldpune.com www.transfieldpune.com

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product line IEEMA

Indian Manufacturers have in the previous years worked hard to develop partnership approach with their vendors who were supplying components like radiators, instruments, insulators etc. This trend is already showing positive results and the industry, after adding capacities both in power and distribution, has the confidence to meet the emerging demand of transformers in the market.

Mr Vishnu Agarwal President, IEEMA on Transmission and distribution

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he performance of the industry has depended largely on govtowned entities in the power sector. apart from centrally sponsored programmes, these entities have been financially challenged resulting in little investment in the T&D sector. at the same time, there has been imports have increased cutting into whatever orders were available. the combination of these two factors account for the uneven performance. additionally, there have not been any new generation projects in the last five years, adding to the difficulties of the industry. Moreover for reducing AT&C losses of power distribution companies, the government is considering handing over urban areas with high AT&C losses to private sector on the input based franchisee model with the provision for investment by the franchisee for system improvement. Reducing the aggregate technical & commercial (AT&C) losses is going to be a critical component of this entire strategy. While there have been surfeits of schemes aimed at reduction of AT&C losses, the desired results are still far from being achieved. We are however, hopeful that the Government will give high priority to the power sector and put it back on a high growth trajectory path, while also providing a level playing field to Indian manufacturers to compete with imported equipment in the domestic market.

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IEEMA RESEARCH GROUP on Transformers The Indian Transformer industry is one of the oldest manufacturing segments in the country and is broadly categorized into Power, Distribution and special purpose Transformers. The technology used is contemporary, and two types of core materials; CRGO & amorphous metal are generally used. The past few years have been quite challenging for the Indian transformer industry, especially due to the fast changing market scenario, emergence of new players as well as multinationals, large capacity addition, and factors like price volatility of the major raw materials etc. Chinese and Japanese companies have put up/acquired transformer manufacturing facilities in India for manufacturing EHV transformers. TBEA, China has recently put

up factory at Vadodara and Toshiba recently acquired Vijai Electricals, Hyderabad. Indian Manufacturers have in the previous years worked hard to develop partnership approach with their vendors who were supplying components like radiators, instruments, insulators etc. This trend is already showing positive results and the industry, after adding capacities both in power and distribution, has the confidence to meet the emerging demand of transformers in the market. Addition of new players especially for transformers in the sub 200 KVA range has been observed. However the unorganized players need to be upgraded for producing better quality distribution transformers, primarily those catering to the REC range of transformers (i.e. up to 100KVA).

We are however, hopeful that the Government will give high priority to the power sector and put it back on a high growth trajectory path, while also providing a level playing field to Indian manufacturers to compete with imported equipment in the domestic market.

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product line IEEMA

an issue due to the L1 procurement regime of the utilities and also large presence of unorganized players especially in the lower ranges. In the distribution transformer segment, the introduction of BEE star rating is a significant development in the direction of energy efficiency improvement. The RGGVY program has created a huge demand for REC range of transformers in the low 5-25 kVA. Although India is a net exporter of both Power & Distribution Transformers, we still have a huge untapped potential to enter more overseas markets. Due to efficiency norms in US, China and EU, the demand for low loss/ green transformer with use of materials like amorphous core is likely to increase in near future even in this subcontinent. The Chinese are aggressively entering the Indian market in the dry type segment. Use of Dry type Transformers is on the increase due to safety norms especially in apartments and commercial complexes. The transformer growth in all the 3 categories has been positive by about 4-5% in 2013-14 as compared to 2012-13. The gap between the demand and supply is expected to narrow down in next few years with more number of projects coming on stream.

The Distribution transformer segment, currently of size about INR 6000 Crs and with an estimated demand in MVA about 80000 MVA, is operating at about 65% of the installed capacity. The DT segment comprises of a large number of SMEs with an overall market share of 50%.

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Power, Distribution & special purpose Transformers Power transformers, with industry size of about INR 4500 Crs and current demand of 1.80 lac MVA, is operating at about 70% of the installed capacity. It is still dominated by large sized Indian companies and multinationals. However the past few years has seen entry and growth of players from Korea and China, especially in EHV segment of 400 kV and above. With bulk buying, standardization and large scale integration with their parent companies, they have been offering a strong competition to local players. The Indian transformer industry has to gear up to meet this challenge. The domestic transformer industry has huge potential of becoming the global sourcing hub for transformers/components. The Distribution transformer segment, currently of size about INR 6000 Crs and with an estimated demand in MVA about 80000 MVA, is operating at about 65% of the installed capacity. The DT segment comprises of a large number of SMEs with an overall market share of 50%. This is a highly competitive segment and quality is

Recent Technology Developments POWERGRID has established 1200 kV UHVAC Test Station at Bina as a collaborative effort with manufacturers for indigenous development of 1200 KV equipment in India and provide an edge over overseas suppliers. The station is developed with an objective for optimization of design of transmission line and substation equipment, optimization of ROW and cost, ease in O&M. etc. it was commission on 26th December 2012. PGCIL had worked closely with the 36 Indian organizations (30 are IEEMA members) for design, development, supply and commissioning of the required equipment. The test station has: nos. 1200 kV Bays and 2 nos. 400kV bays along with 2 nos. 1200/400/33kV 333MVA Transformers. n Two nos. 1200kV Test Lines of one km length (one single circuit and one double circuit) n Setting up of Test facilities n Two

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product line IEEMA

“Green” transformers use insulation fluid based on vegetable oil. Vegetable oil used is not only completely biodegradable but also much less flammable than the normally used mineral oil. Equipment like 1200 kV CVTs, Surge Arrestors, Insulators, Towers, Line Hardware, transformers and Switchgear, etc. was developed indigenously, tested and delivered in time by Indian Electrical Industry. 1200 kV UHVAC Transformers were successfully developed and supplied by 8 Indian companies with in-house efforts over the last 5 years has been a very special and proud moment for our country. The mass transport system comprising of metro rail and urban rapid transportation system, and dedicated freight corridors is likely to drive the requirement of special transformers like Scott connected transformers, traction transformers etc. The central government’s recent announcement to expand across the country the initiative like the Gujarat’s Jyoti Gram Yojana, where specially designed transformers were used to create a parallel network for providing 24X7 reliable availability of electricity for the rural Gujarat. This expansion is going to create additional demand for special DTs with different type of technology and innovation. There has been noticeable development in the field of FACTS like phase shifting transformers, Controlled Shunt reactors etc. The environmental conditions are pushing us to take lead in use of green transformers having very low losses, using environmentally friendly materials like Ester fluids etc.

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There is need to develop in-house technology for special transformers like UHVDC Converter transformers, which are currently being imported at a huge cost. Dry type of transformers, where insulation is without oil, there is safety from fire which is an important requirement for high rise buildings and indoor applications. These transformers can be easily inspected and are relatively maintenance free. Phase shifting transformers are used for controlling the power flow through specific lines in a complex power transmission network. The basic function of a phase-shifting transformer is to change the effective phase displacement between the input voltage and the output voltage of a transmission line, thus controlling the amount of active power that can flow in the line. “Green” transformers use insulation fluid based on vegetable oil. Vegetable oil used is not only completely biodegradable but also much less flammable than the normally used mineral oil. As a result, transformers continue to feed power into the grid while conforming to strict environmental regulations. Such transformer is also suitable for use in areas with challenging fire-safety requirements. Low noise transformers are used in urban areas where substation is near to residential buildings and hence noise pollution will be an issue. Intelligent monitoring of Transformers is also gaining prominence. The intelligent system not only collects data, but also provides real time monitoring and diagnostics of the operating conditions for preventive maintenance. Two recent developments are going to have significant long term impact on Indian Transformer Industry. The Steel Quality Control (Second) Order issued by the Ministry of Steel has stipulating that all CRGO imported/ used in the country must be BIS certified. The Electrical Transformer (Quality Control) Order issued by Department of Heavy Industry has mandated BIS certification of Transformers manufactured as per Indian Standards IS 1180 (Part 1 and 2) of 1989. These standards cover outdoor type three phase Distribution Transformers upto and including 100 kVA, with nominal system voltage upto and including 11 kV. This Quality Control Order has come into force with effect from 27-7-2014, and all Transformer manufacturers, whether Indian or foreign have to obtain valid license from BIS as per the notified standards. These standards have in the meanwhile been amended by BIS by amalgamating IS 1180 (Part 2) into IS 1180 (Part 1) and the revised Indian standard IS 1180 (Part 1): 2014 has been notified to cover Transformers upto and including 2,500 kVA three phase ratings, as well as single phase high voltage Distribution Transformers upto 25 kVA, with nominal system voltages upto and including 33 kV.

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expert views Electrification

Electrifying rural India â&#x20AC;&#x201C; ten years and counting

Meghna Chandra is a law graduate from National Law University, Delhi and currently working as Legal Executive with Tata Power-DDL, Delhi. She can be reached at chandra.meghna@gmail.com

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ajiv Gandhi Gramin Vidyutikaran Yojna (RGGVY Scheme) was launched on 4th April 2005 by the Central Government with the objective of achieving rural household electrification within five years. Rural Electrification Corporation was appointed as the Nodal Agency responsible for implementing the Scheme in its letter and spirit. The two most important features of the RGGVY Scheme during its launch were, firstly, providing free electricity connection to all rural households living below poverty line and secondly, no discrimination in the hours of supply between rural and urban areas. Contracting distribution backbone, creating infrastructure and setting up Decentralized Distributed Generation (DDG) systems where grid supply was not feasible were

seen as important steps in implementing the Scheme in its entirety. In compliance of the Electricity Act, 2003, the Central Government notified the Rural Electrification Policy (REP) on 23rd August 2006. REP recognized the ambitious RGGVY Scheme and stated that the State governments should prepare and notify Rural Electrification Plan within 6 months of REP as the first steps towards electrification. Like the RGGVY Scheme, REP also emphasized on alternative methods/ techniques for achieving the set targets in un-electrified villages, i.e. focus on Decentralized Distributed Generation (DDG) wherever Central/ State grid connectivity was not feasible. Electrified village which was defined by the Ministry of Power in February 2004 was made operational.

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Under the RGGVY Scheme, 90% of the cost of electrification was to be borne by the Central Government and the remaining 10% as loan by Rural Electrification Corporation (REC) to the State Governments. The Scheme had a target of electrifying 1.25 lakhs un-electrified villages and giving access to 7.8 crore uncovered rural households within 5 years (2005-2010, two years in 10th Five Year Plan and 3 years in 11th Five Year Plan).

It is 2015 - a decade after the launch of RGGVY Scheme. A look into the ‘success’ figures of the much lauded and recently renamed Scheme, i.e. ‘Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana Scheme’ is necessary.

Electrification figures

As per Central Electricity Authority (CEA), the total number of inhabited but un-electrified villages in India as on 31.03.2015 is 19,766. Rajasthan tops the chart with 4,166 number of un-electrified villages followed by Odisha (3,878), Jharkhand (2,164), Bihar (1,757), Arunachal Pradesh (1,564), Madhya Pradesh (1,458) and Uttar Pradesh (1,298). The data with respect to other States are not less worrying. This is the state of affairs after 10 years of the launch of the much quoted and celebrated RGGVY Scheme. Recent data released by RGGVY for ‘Physical & Financial Progress of RGGVY Projects Sanctioned under Phase-II of 11th plan’ providing status of electrification as on 15.05.2015 reveals that the percentage of electrification of un-electrified villages has been as high as 88% in Chhattisgarh (covering 111 out of 126 target villages) and as low as 13% in Uttar Pradesh (covering 86 out of 632 target villages). The leading States which have claimed achievements under the sanctioned electrification projects in second phase of 11th Five Year Plan include Chhattisgarh (88%), Madhya Pradesh (66%) and Bihar (61%). Ten years of the electrification Scheme and more than 50,000 crores have been pushed through but around 20,000 villages yet to be electrified.

Financing Under the RGGVY Scheme, 90% of the cost of electrification was to be borne by the Central Government and the remaining 10% as loan by Rural Electrification Corporation (REC) to the State Governments. The Scheme had a target of electrifying 1.25 lakhs un-electrified villages and giving access to 7.8 crore uncovered rural households within 5 years (2005-2010, two years in 10th Five Year Plan and 3 years in 11th Five Year Plan). The Scheme was given a green signal and the Central Government approved an initial disbursal of Rs. 5000 crores for first two years. The total Scheme cost was estimated to be Rs. 16,000 crores (over five years). In 2007, a capital subsidy of Rs. 28,000 crore was allowed and an additional capital subsidy of Rs. 6,000 crore was again allowed by the Planning Commission in 2011-2012. In the current ongoing 13th Five Year Plan (2012-2017), a GBS (Government Budgetary Support) of Rs. 12,050 crores was approved in September, 2013.

An odd pattern There has been some (considerable) success in achieving rural electrification, no doubt, but here is an anomalous and peculiar pattern. The percentage increase in electrification over the years has been sharply rising in many states, however, National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) which is the premier government funded organization authorized to conduct surveys all over India published that the per capita consumption of electricity has not increased proportionally. Doesn’t this ring a bell? Yes. The per capita consumption of electricity in India was 355 units in 1999- 2000 which increased to 819 units in 2010-11 registering an average annual growth rate of 7.81 percent only. A delve into world figures is even more startling. Canada has the highest per capita consumption of electricity of 15145 units followed by USA (13361 units) and Australia (10063 units).

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expert views Electrification

Concluding remarks

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Canada, USA, Australia and other western countries who top the chart of greater per capita consumption of electricity have lesser population as compared to India, however, a comparison with China (which is our near competitor) would elucidate a clearer but harsh picture. China with its 1.4 billion population (2010-2011) has a per capita consumption of electricity of 2942 units and India with its population of 1.21 billion has a per capita consumption of electricity of 819 units only. The world average per capita consumption of electricity was pegged at 2972 units in 2012, however India was at 884 units only. Currently, the per capita consumption of electricity (i.e. as on 31.03.2015) in India is 1010 units. One would reasonably understand that the figures of per capita consumption would vary hugely between different States in India, however, what is worth noticing is the extremely poor average annual growth rate of per capita consumption of electricity in rural India and the ambiguity attached to the accelerated rate of electrification. So, what are the rural electrification figures for? As stated before, have the rural areas of India been ‘electrified’ as per the definition. Have the rural households (whether BPL or not) been provided with uninterrupted power supply? Where is the last mile supply and connectivity? The part of RGGVY Scheme where no discrimination between supply of power to urban and rural areas was envisioned, has it been met in the last 10 years of the RGGVY Scheme and in the last 68 years of independence? Rural electrification has been a failure in its true sense. There are millions of households in India who have never seen lighting bulbs in their huts even today.

Electricity is not a luxury, it is a basic amenity. Section 43 of the Electricity Act, 2003 states that electricity has to be provided to an applicant within one month of making a request/ application. This falls under the purview of ‘Universal Service Obligation’ which has been upheld by the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India in the case Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport Undertaking vs. Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission (MERC) and Ors. [AIR 2015 SC 1224]. The strict period of one month has been relaxed in case of a village/ hamlet where no provision of supply of electricity exists. In such a scenario, the appropriate Electricity Regulatory Commission may extend the said period as it may consider necessary for electrification of such village. But, what is the appropriate period? One year, or five years or ten years or even more? The judgment of Hon’ble High Court of Madras in T.M. Prakash and Ors. vs. The District Collector and The Superintending Engineer, Tamil Nadu Electricity Board [(2014) 1 MLJ 261] holds immense significance here. Justice S. Manikumar in the light of necessity of electricity stated that lack of electricity supply is one of the determinative factors, affecting education, health, cause for economic disparity and consequently, inequality in the society, leading to poverty. Electricity supply is an aid to get information and knowledge. Children without electricity supply cannot even imagine to compete with others, who have the supply. Women have to struggle with firewood, kerosene, in the midst of smoke. Air pollution causes lung diseases and respiratory problems. Electricity supply to the poor, supports education and if it is coupled with suitable employment, disparity is reduced to certain extent. Lack of education and poverty result in child labor’. The Hon’ble High Court went on to hold that when right to health is recognized under Article 21 of the Constitution, similarly access to electricity supply should be should also be considered as a right to life, in terms of Article 21 of the Constitution of India. Access to electricity should be construed as a human right. Electricity supply under the Electricity Act, the Distribution and Supply Code, is a legal right. Providing electricity to the poor, subject to the satisfying conditions, as per the electricity laws, would reduce the economic imbalance and help the under privileged. Electricity is an essential service and right to electricity is a basic human right.

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product line Supreme & Co. Pvt. Ltd.

Paving the way towards Compact Transmission Line through Monopole Structures Mr. Harish Agarwal, CEO; Mr. K. Prakash Reddy, Production Manager; Mr. Vengatakrishnanyadav Veeravel, Engineer Supreme & Co. Pvt. Ltd.

he objective is to connect a small transmission sector into grid with less right of way and necessity for completing transmission using monopole type structures. Monopoles are advantageous to both transmission line developers and to landowners to minimize the space required for a transmission line. This is the basic idea behind monopole structure design. Monopole type structures are not fundamentally different from traditional transmission lines, but because they are designed to take less space with less right of way. However, in some cases, vegetation clearing and recontouring of land may be required for access road constitute a portion of ROW and provide more convenient access for repair and inspection vehicles. The width of a ROW varies from 50 ft. to approximately 175 ft. or more, depending on the voltage rating of the line

DESCRIPTION OF COMPACT TRANSMISSION LINES With rapid growth of population, and wide spread of industrialization over existing agricultural lands was a major impact for ROW and occupying of land for construction of lattice towers with broad bottom for transmitting higher voltages was a tougher solution to construct new lines. These dayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s corridor management for transmission line is a huge challenge, especially in rural parts of India. In various discussions with Transmission Utilities, observing the Right Of - Way issues and understanding the necessity of completing a Transmission line, held up for small stretches of an entire allotted/ under execution line. Pole type structures with insulated cross arms were assessed to be an effective solution Structures are the most visible part of transmission system, to construct a compact line, it takes to design the structure

Fig-1: Comparison of lattice and pole type structures (Source: The city motorway, in the background the skyline of Dubai)

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and restrict the foot print up to possible extent. However, structure must meet these requirements in the most economical possible manner. Transmission sector faced a major impact in occupying land for construction of towers for upgrading the voltage transmitted which paved the way to monopole structures in transmission sector with considering the faced with lattice towers The design parameters and electrical criteria define the basic physical dimensions of a Transmission Structure, including its height, conductor spacing, and length of insulator required to mount the conductor this led to the extensive use of variants on a space frame or truss design, which can provide high strength with minimal material requirements. FEATURES

POLE TYPE STRUCTURE

LATTICE STRUCTURE

Tower Cost Itself

Less

Maintenance Cost

Less

Installation Cost

Less

Design Risk At Joints

Less

Flexibility

Less

Aesthetics

Yes

Land Occupation (ROW)

Very Less

High

Logistics

Less

Environment Friendly

Yes

Table-1: Comparison of lattice and pole type structures

POLE TYPE STRUCTURES Pole type structures are either multi faced or circular shape. Poles can be installed in locations where limited space is available due to smaller foot print compared to lattice towers. Poles can be installed in places such as highways, roads etc. Usage of restricted space allows Monopole a more direct line design which result in optimizing the total line cost. Shorter line would also minimize the electricity losses. Shorter length line would result in saving over conductors, insulators, hardware, foundation and erection cost. Pole Shapes n Conical n 8 faced n 12 faced n 16 faced n 18 faced Advantages n Lesser Visual Pollution. n Lesser Foot print n Lesser time to erect. n Lesser installation cost. n Compatible with environment n Easy to pack and identify

With rapid growth of population, and wide spread of industrialization over existing agricultural lands was a major impact for ROW and occupying of land for construction of lattice towers with broad bottom for transmitting higher voltages was a tougher solution to construct new lines. Reliability Under Extreme Condition n Steel monopoles are more flexible than lattice towers n In case of Broken wire more deflection of steel pole

can reduce the tension in the intact span and bending moment at the base n Round and Multi side design can reduce wind load n Monopoles are more effective in case of tornado or hurricanes Flexibility In Design n Various structure configuration monopoles and frames n Different voltages and circuits on same pole (MULTI CIRCUITS) n Distribution under-built. n Multiple circuits in different orientation. n Monopoles with insulated cross arm configuration. n Adding lines for lighting, communication etc. Foundations n Direct Embedded. n Pier Foundation

n Raft Foundation n Pile Foundation

2. INSULATED CROSS ARM The reduction in manufacturing costs and the challenges faced by the energy sector have resulted in insulated cross-arms emerging as a financially reliable alternative solution for uprating existing power lines. Against the competing solutions, the deployment of cross-arms requires minimal modifications to the existing towers while eliminating the need for a separate insulator string. There are two types of insulated cross arms in general they are: n Twin arm type n Quadruped In addition to the increased power rating, other benefits of the technology include a narrower right-of-way requirement, the reduction of electromagnetic radiation at ground level and reduction of the visual impact of lines due to the compaction of tower dimensions.

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product line Supreme & Co. Pvt. Ltd.

Fig -6: Insulated cross-arm (schematic view). (Source: Supreme Co. Pvt. Ltd.)

A systematic calibration of all measuring instruments will be done as per the standard of weight. Calibration of maximum load anticipation was done before testing. Calibration curves were drawn by testing authorities through which test loads were adjusted.

Fig-7: Model of insulated cross arm Insulated cross-arms have seen some commercial application on low and medium voltage lines because of their minimal structural requirements. VALIDATION OF COMPONENTS Procedure A systematic calibration of all measuring instruments will be done as per the standard of weight. Calibration of maximum load anticipation was done before testing. Calibration curves were drawn by testing authorities through which test loads were adjusted. As per rigging diagram load was applied with attachments such as normal wire, angles or bent plates, etc. as, per purchaser satisfaction with safe rigging. Loads such as transverse, vertical and longitudinal were been applied in such a way there was no impact loading on the tower due to jerks from the winches. Loading cases (values, directions and points of application of loads) should be given by the client.

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Loads were measured using strain devices , their projection was such that the pulley friction is eliminated and standard weights were accounted in places were friction was not able to be eliminated. Tower deflection load was measured with suitable procedure at the top cross arm level on the front sides of the transverse and longitudinal faces or front and rear sides of transverse faces Deflection readings were been recorded for the ‘ before load’, ‘ load on’ and ‘ load off ’ conditions. A two minute test on the design for a constant load. Theodolite was used for measurement of initial and final readings of the scale the difference between the two readings was were noted as BOLT-SLIP. Loads were applied gradually to the ultimate design loads (design load x F.O.S.) in the following steps and was released in the similar manner: 25 percent,50 percent,75 percent,90 percent,95 percent and100 percent

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product line Supreme & Co. Pvt. Ltd. Destruction Test Since it was decided for destruction test so desires, the tower was tested. The testwas carried out under normal condition or broken wire condition as agreed between the purchaser and the contractor. The code for normal load/broken wire load test are applicable to destruction test as well. Load was increased in steps of 5 percent after the ultimate design loads is reached

It is clear that monopoles paved their role in compact transmission system especially in uprating the present high voltage transmission lines with less foot prints and less right of way.

LOAD STAGE (%) TEST NO

Vertical (V)

Transverse (T)

Longitudinal (L)

Waiting Period (Sec)

100

105

100

110

100

115

TABLE-3: (SOURCE: Tower testing station mechanical engineering division CPRI) 2.4 RESULT DISCUSSIONS Testing of towers ensures the reliability of design of tower before installation, full prototype and ringing diagrams were approved after testing. The prototype should be of the same grade of steel as specified in the design and fabrication will conform to the provisions stipulated. The tower will be erected vertically on rigid foundations with as much unbraced portion of the stub protruding above ground level as provided in the drawing. For a 95 percent design load test for normal as well as broken wire test towers were kept under observation for 2 minutes (excluding the time for adjustment of loads). For a 100 percent design load test for normal as well as broken wire test towers were kept under observation for 5 minutes. On the other hand models were accurately examined for damages during loading if there were any tendency of damages found entire testing is stopped, and reloaded after ensuring the correct measures taken. Destruction test results were provided under the requisition of the client. CONCLUSION It is clear that monopoles paved their role in compact transmission system especially in uprating the present high voltage transmission lines with less foot prints and less right of way. REFERENCES [1] V. Peesapati*, C. Zachariades , Q. Li, S. M. Rowland, I. Cotton, F Allison, D. Chambers, P. Rhodes, “ELECTRIC FIELD COMPUTATION FOR A 400 KV COMPOSITE CROSS-ARM”.IEEE International Symposium pp 790-793, 2012.

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[2] C. Zachariades, I. Cotton, S. M.Rowland, V. Peesapati, P.R. Green, D. Chambers, M. Queen, “A COASTAL TRIAL FACILITY FOR HIGH VOLTAGE COMPOSITE CROSS-ARMS”. IEEE International Symposium pp 78-81, 2012. [3] E.Cecchetti ,P.L. Noferi ,M.Barbarito , A.Clerici, L.paris , P. Pelacchi,” COMPACT LINES FOR URBAN AREAS A NEW SOLUTION”. CIRED pp 190-195,1989. [4] Kimoto, K. Kito, K.Ueno,” INSULATOR CROSSARMS FOR 345-KV EHV TRANSMISSION LINE”. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER APPARATUS AND SYSTEMS, VOL. PAS-90, 756-768, MARCH/APRIL 1971. [5] Guanjun Fu1, Liming Wang1, Zhicheng Guan1, Lei Hou2, Xiaobo Meng,Mark MacAlpine1, ”SIMULATIONS OF THE CONTROLLING EFFECT OF INTERPHASE SPACERS ON CONDUCTOR GALLOPING”.IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Vol. 19, No. 4,1325-1335, 2012. [6] Fan Zi1, Hao Shuying, Zhou Kuntao , Zhang Qichang,“EFFECT OF INTERPHASE COMPOSITE SPACER ON TRANSMISSION LINE GALLOPING CONTROL”. Second International Conference on Digital Manufacturing & Automation, 485-489,2011. [7] Lei Hou, Liming Wang, Dong Yan, Ming Lu, and Zhicheng Guan,”MECHANICAL PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION OF INTERPHASE COMPOSITE SPACER USED FOR CONTROLLING CONDUCTOR GALLOPING”.Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,304 -308,2007. [8] Ronald J. Carrington,“NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR TRANSMISSION LINE UPRATING”,IEEE international symposium,311-318,1998. [9] Myron Broschat,” TRANSMISSION LINE UPRATING 115 kV TO 230 kV REPORT ON OPERATING PERFORMANCE”. IEEE Summer Meeting and International Symposium on High Power Testing, Portland,Ore., July 18-23, 1971. Manuscript submitted January 14, 1971, printing May 11, 1971. [10] Wang Liming, Liang Xidong, Guan Zhicheng, Que Weiguo,” RESEARCH ON 500KVPHASE TO PHASE COMPOSITE SPACER FOR COMPACT LINES”.6th International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials June 21-26,2000.

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special feature Transmission & Distribution

MAINTENANCE OF TRANSMISSION LINES By: Sudhir S. Kulkarni, Technical Director, Ramelex Pvt. Ltd, Pune.

1. Introduction

2. Maintenance of Transmission Lines

Ramelex Pvt. Ltd. is a company founded by Mr. Ram B Jogdand, Chairman & Managing Director in the year 1990. They provide services in the field of Line and substation, construction and maintenance, health diagnostic methods and preventive and predictive maintenance activities in cold line as well as in Hot line techniques. They are also manufactures of Electric Power connectors and conductor accessories and Insulator hardware up to 400 KV level for ACSR, AAAC as well as for HTLS conductors. This paper covers information about the health diagnostic methods, as well as about preventive and predictive maintenance techniques in cold line and in Hot line conditions.

The transmission lines play a very important role in transmitting the huge quantum of electrical power generated at various generating stations to the whole area of the country from one end to other end over a distance of several Hundreds of Kilometers. By such transmission it is possible to distribute the power to the various types of customers through substations, at lowest possible line losses. For uninterrupted power supply it is essential to maintain the transmission lines in trim and healthy condition. For preventive and predictive maintenance of transmission lines following methods are applied.

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They provide services in the field of Line and substation, construction and maintenance, health diagnostic methods and preventive and predictive maintenance activities in cold line as well as in Hot line techniques.

n R egular (monkey) thorough line patrolling with digital photography of the line components is carried out. n Thermo-graphic scanning for detecting Hot spots. n Punctured insulator detection by electric field measurement. n Punctured insulator detection by voltage measurement method. n Corona-Detection by Decor camera. n Resistance measurement of electric joint in live line condition (CRM). n Tower footing earth resistance measurement.

3. Various Techniques for EHV Line Maintenance a) Cold line maintenance. b) Deteriorated tower stub strengthening. c) Live Line Maintenance techniques • Live line Maintenance by hot stick method. • Bare hand technique for System Maintenance. • Hot line washing. Ground patrolling is carried out by Inspection of the line, by walk down survey, and thorough patrolling by climbing on the tower through internal body of the tower and observing the line components keeping safe body clearance. While visual inspection thermoscanning, digital photograph of the components and corona detection by Daycor camera is carried out. 1. Tower foundation. 2. Tower Earthing. 3. Nut-bolts. 4. Tower members. 5. Anti climbing devices. 6. Number plates, phase plate, danger boards. 7. Clearances, as required by IE Rules 1956 for Ground / river /canal /dam/ structure/ Buildings / Road/ Tree/ Railway/ HT- LT lines/ telephone line crossing, etc. are checked. 8. Broken disc insulator. 9. Flashover disc insulator. 10. Contaminated disc insulator. 11. Split pins / Cotter Pins/ W pin/ Hangers. 12. Conductor and Earth wire hardwares (Tension and suspension hard ware, mid span joint). 13. Conductor condition. 14. Jumper condition. 15. Repair sleeve. 16. Sag and ground clearance. 17. Tack welding to the nuts and bolts of tower. 18. Tower Members Missing. 19. Armouring, Suspension clamp, split pin. 20. Conductor Spacer. 21. Vibration Dampers for conductor and earth wire. 22. Earth wire fittings Flexible Earth bond, Jumper. 23. Mid span Joint and Repair Sleeve. 24. Bird Guard. 25. Conductor & Conductor Fittings. Armour rod, suspension hardware. 26. Insulator & Insulator Fittings, Hanger, Eye bolt, Yoke plate, Nut-Bolts. 27. Corona measurement. 28. Thermo-vision scanning.

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The ratio of the resistance of the joint (Rj) and the reference resistance of equal length of the conductor (Rc) indicates the condition of the joint.

4. Modern Health Diagnostic methods for EHV Lines 4.1 Thermo-vision scanning.

By Thermo-vision scanning hot spots on the line live components can be detected.

THERMOVISION REPORT OF DEAD END OF 220KV LINE

Electromagnetic spectrum having wave length bands of XRays, ultra violate rays. Visible light, infra red rays and Micro waves as shown below,

WAVE LENGTH BANDS

4.2 Measurement of Resistance of electric joint in live line condition. (CRM) The sophisticated instrument (live line Micro ohm meter) is designed to be attached directly to an energized EHV line through a hot stick and directly reads the resistance in micro ohms. Live line Micro ohm meter is designed to store up to 9 sets of readings. It measures the voltage drop, the line current, and the calculated resistance is displayed. The ratio of the resistance of the joint (Rj) and the reference resistance of equal length of the conductor (Rc) indicates the condition of the joint. The value Rj / Rc should be < 1 for healthy joint. The ratio > 3 is serious, needs urgent replacement.

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CRM INSTRUMENT

CRM OF DEAD END JOINT

4.3 Punctured insulator detection using positron instrument by electric field measurement. (PID) The positron instrument detects punctured insulator in the string by measuring the electric field across the insulator. The electric field across the punctured insulator is less as compared to healthy insulator.

PID USING POSITRON INSTRUMENT BY RPL CREW PID BY VOLTAGE MEASURMENT METHOD WITH RITZ’S INSTRUMENT

4.5 Coronography by Daycor camera • When voltage on an electrical conductor exceeds threshold value, the air around it begins to ionize to form a blue or purple glow and produces hissing noise. • Corona is the polarization of air molecules due to energy on high voltage. • Electromagnetic spectrum having wave length bands of XRays, ultra violate rays. Visible light, infra red rays and Micro waves as shown below PID GRAPH & IR VALUES OF THE DEFECTIVE STRING TAKEN AFTER STRING REPLACEMENT

4.4 Punctured insulator detection by voltage measurement method using Ritz’s instrument The Ritz’s instrument detects punctured insulator in the string by measuring the voltage across the insulator. The voltage across the punctured insulator is zero.

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CORONA DETECTED ON 400KV INSULATOR STRING

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special feature Transmission & Distribution

6.0 Live line Maintenance Techniques

WAVE LENGTH BANDS

4.6 Tower footing earth resistance is measured by the instrument Earth Tester. The limit for the Tower footing earth resistance is 10 ohms. After seeing the Modern Health Diagnostic methods for EHV Lines let us see the various techniques for EHV Line Maintenance as below.

5.0 Cold Line Maintenance In the Cold line method the maintenance is carried out by availing outage on the line. The works of replacement of defective insulator strings, tightening loose nuts and bolts of the joints, cold line Insulator washing etc. and defects noticed in the thorough line patrolling are rectified, however since there is interruption in the line, there is huge Revenue loss and customer’s dissatisfaction, which are the main disadvantages of Cold line maintenance. Therefore hot line (Live line) maintenance is highly preferable and adopted where ever possible.

Advantages of Hot Line Technique 1) No outage, so no interruption to consumers. 2) No revenue loss. 3) Problem is attended immediately, loose nut-bolts can be tightened by hot line technique and breakdown is avoided. Hence no interruption. 4) Emergency outage is avoided. 5) Contaminated disc insulators can be cleaned by hot line washing, so flashover of disc insulators resulting in to breakdown can be avoided. 6) Punctured insulator can be detected with hot stick attached to punctured insulator detecting instrument either by Electric field measurement method or by Voltage measurement method. The punctured insulator can be replaced in live line. 7) Hot spots noticed during thermo graphic scanning can be attended by hot stick method or by bare hand technique as preventive maintenance. 8) Defective jumper can be relieved from the danger of breakdown by providing parallel jumper and emergency is avoided. 9) Very less man-power and very less time is required as compared to cold line method.

6.1 Live line Maintenance by hot stick method

REPLACEMENT OF 132 KV SUSPENSION STRING BY HOT STICK METHOD

In hot stick method the works are carried out by using Hot line tools. Bare hand technique for System Maintenance. It is based on faraday’s principle. Therefore, when a lineman is shielded in Faraday’s cage wearing Conductive Suit and it gets bonded to an energized conductor, he can work on the conductor and associated hard ware without shock or discomfort.

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special feature Transmission & Distribution

LIVE LINE STRING REPLACEMENT THROUGH BARE HAND TECHNIQUE AT 400 KV LINE BY RPL CREW

6.2 Hot Line Tools. The tools required for hot line work are made as per IEC 60832, 60895 and 61478. • Tool head required to operate ( heat treated aluminum alloy which is used in Aero plane). • Hot sticks on which the tool is fitted were previously made of wooden handles, but they were heavy. Now epoxy glass handles are used. • The Engineers and the line men should be trained and authorized for hot line work. Training centers in India are at, Bangalore (Karnataka) and Gangawal (Punjab). • Conductive suit, Hand gloves, socks (woven from thin stainless steel wires and special type of fibers), boots & static belts are also manufactured on above principle. • Hot line ladder & Swivel sticks (manufactured from epoxy-glass) & adjustable ladder hook. Strain sticks, insulating cradle, tie sticks, roller link sticks, suspension, gin poles, cum along clamps, strain carrier sticks, double string dead end insulator toll, yoke plates, nylon and poly propylene rope, etc. • Ladder monitor kit: To detect micro ampere leakage through the ladder, this monitor kit is connected before it is placed into use and periodical readings are taken during work progress to ensure safe working condition.

HOT LINE INSULATOR WASHING FOR 400KV LINE

the sufficient electrical resistivity more than 30000 ohm - cm. For better cleaning high pressure compact stream is maintained. • Probe system can be used for continuous monitoring of water conductivity. A light or audible warning and pump throttle control can be integrated in to monitor circuit. • For hot line washing water used should have conductivity less than 200 micro mhos per CC to avoid leakage current. • The high pressure water jet is created by electric motor pump or diesel engine operated pump.

7.0 Stub Strengthening Since, the transmission line towers are working in agricultural fields, industrial areas, sea shore areas etc. and the tower foundation is embedded in ground, the tower stubs get heavily rusted in life span of about 10-15 years. The major causes for deterioration are, wet, marshy soil around tower stubs on account of rain and drain water, water-

6.3 Hot line washing The insulators of lines & equipments are contaminated due to dust, bird droppings, chemical pollution, Industrial pollution, Saline weather, smoke due to vehicle exhaust, Agricultural burning, volcanic ash etc. The contaminated insulators are susceptible for flashover during humid atmosphere, Drizzling, Dew or Foggy weather etc. hence need to be cleaned. The contaminated insulators can be cleaned by hot line washing method for lines including 400 KV level. • When de-mineralized water jet at very high pressure (300 to 800 psi) is released in the air, the water particles split due to air resistance and so the water path is not continuous, offering

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STUB STRENGTHENING BY MRF PU SPECIALITY COATING SYSTEM BY RPL

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special feature Transmission & Distribution

ing of crops by cultivators, chemical reaction due to fertilizers and chemicals, in the farms as well as in industrial areas. It is necessary to inspect the tower stubs condition if those are deteriorated and such towers are likely to fall in stormy weather. Hence, the deteriorated tower stubs need to be repaired and strengthened.

7.1 Tower Stub Strengthening Process

1. The area around the tower leg is cleaned. 2. Area of one meter wide and one meter deep is excavated around the leg so asto make a room for the process. 3. Chimney concrete of the tower stub is broken by vibro hammer. 4. The rusted portion of the stub is thoroughly cleaned using power tools 5. Phospating is done to avoid corrosion. This helps to get perfect etching. 6. Two Nos M.S. angle of the same size as the stub, which are pretreated in the factory for anti rusting and notching is done for perfect fitting. 7. The angles are welded with specialized welding procedure. 8. Then the welded surfaces are thoroughly cleaned by MRF cleaning agent and protected from rusting by applying special MRF anticorrosive solution. 9. Anti-corrosive, low viscosity epoxy resin is filled up in the cavity in between old and new stub angles. 10. Then after the whole joint is sealed by specialized MRF putty to make the surface plain and leak proof. and MRF special paint is applied. 11. Joint is wrapped with glass wool, fiber mesh clothing giving extra protection to the stub. 12. In Re-concreting process homogeneous jointing of old and new concrete, special bonding agent which is a specific

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epoxy adhesive is applied over the surface of the old concrete before final concreting is started. 13. Advanced machines like needle vibrator for re-concreting process is used. 14. In the concrete special fiber mesh fiber is mixed which gets uniformly dispersed in the concrete as millions of fibers in every cubic meter. 15. For achieving perfect waterproofing of newly cast sub concrete, special 100 % MRF PU paint is applied. 16. The concrete is cured by using a curing catalyst for avoiding excess watering. 17. The concrete portion and the tower leg are painted. 18. And finally the remaining pit portion around the concrete is backfilled with soil by compacting the layers. 19. Thus finally a strong waterproof and antirust structure is developed for the tower stub which avoids possibility of tower collapsing due to corroded stub and ensures long and healthy life for the tower lines. The transmission line preventive and predictive maintenance practices adopted by Ramelex Pvt Ltd are narrated as above, considering the space constraints in the literature; however each topic can be elaborated in detail separately.

Sudhir S. Kulkarni, Technical Director, RPL.

The author is Technical Director in Ramelex Pvt. Ltd, Pune since last 11 years. He retired as Superintending Engineer (EHV), MSEB-Pune. Guest faculty in Yashada for induction course for JR engineers in MSETCL for 5 years and also for College of engineering VIT Pune, Modern college of engineering, AISSPM College, Bharati Vidyapeeth, KJ College of engineering.

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special feature India Power Corporation Limited

Distribution is the final link in the chain of electric power Shrirang Karandikar CEO, India Power Corporation Limited

r Karandikar is a M. E. in Electrical and PG Diploma in Project Management with over 3 decades of multidimensional experience in business operations & development, project management, start-up operations and leadership & team management in various Power Sector Utilities. He started his career with MSEB and has sailed through organizations like Kalpataru Power, Torrent Power, NDPL (Tata Power), NTPC etc. His last stint was in Crompton Greaves Ltd where he made remarkable contribution in acquiring Franchisee businesses while heading the Distribution Business. He brings with him sound knowledge of both acquisition and implementation of start-up operations with exposure to managing processes & procedures and compliance & quality. Besides having a sound understanding of the dynamics in Power sector, he is very strong in Organization Development and has actively taken interest in this area in his previous organizations. His knowledge and interest in integrating business and people with a synergistic approach towards meeting organizationâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s objectives will be highly relevant and encouraging for all of us in creating collaborative efforts for enhancing the quality and standards of work at IPCL.

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istribution is the final link in the chain of electric power, connecting the transmission system to consumers. It is also one of the most challenging areas to work in in the electric system of India. Historically, power distribution has been a monopoly of governmentowned utilities, with the private sector only playing a limited part. Pre-existing private licensees have a total share of only 3% of the distribution market of India. However, there have been several advances towards the privatisation of power distribution. 255 towns have been identified by the Shunglu Committee for the implementation of distribution franchises, and the B K Chaturvedi report has introduced the Public-Private Partnership as a viable model. The Government of India has also introduced several programmes, such as the Restructured Accelerated Power Development & Reforms Programme and the Integrated Power Development Scheme, and policy changes, such as ordering the regular revision of tariffs, to help process along. The distribution franchise model has emerged as a key solution for cash strapped & loss-making utilities. They can tie up with private players who have strong management skills in the distribution business as well as the financial strength to incur the capex required for infrastructure. This will result in the reduction of AT&C losses, improved collection and higher customer satisfaction. India Power currently has two distribution licenses â&#x20AC;&#x201C; one in Gaya and its adjoining areas in Bihar, which began operations in 2014, and the other in Raniguj-Durgapur-Asansol area of the Burdwan District in West Bengal, which will complete a century of operations in 2019.

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IPCL has nearly a hundred years of heritage through DPSC, combined with the youth and vigour of a brand-new start-up. While the last few years have been tremendously significant for us in the field of power distribution, they are only the prologue to the saga that is sure to unfold.

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The Dishergarh Power Distribution Company was incorporated in 1919 to take over certain existing generating plants to supply electricity to collieries in the neighbourhood of Dishergarh near Asansol. This license area of 618 square kilometres serves mostly industrial consumers, and has one of the lowest T&D losses in the country, at just 2.7%. In 2012, an incipient catastrophe began to take shape in Burdwan when thousands of miners were trapped underground because of a power grid collapse. Two hundred of them were rescued by the direct actions of DPSC, who supplied uninterrupted power to the collieries during the crisis and dispatched a team to assist in the rescue. This act of community service would remain part of the companyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s fundamental makeup, even as it underwent some drastic changes. DPSC Ltd. became India Power Corporation Limited in 2014, and began

operations in its second, 1630 square kilometre-large license area in Gaya. The license area, covering Gaya, Bodh Gaya, and the adjoining rural areas, has a population of seven lakh, of which 1.03 lakh are now IPCL customers. In sharp contrast to the original license area, this serves mostly domestic consumers and has some of Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s highest T&D losses, as high as 70%. Yet in just one year, IPCL has begun to make its mark. The stellar work done by the company has not escaped the notice of the residents. India Power continues to make rapid progress in controlling and solving the myriad problems of the license area, and is working towards making it as efficient and profitable as Asansol. Alongside its profit-building activities, IPCL continues the tradition of community service and uplift, with several CSR activities in all its license areas and around its office premises. Supporting education, conducting cleanliness drives, planting trees, and helping the less fortunate are all part and parcel of its daily routine. Leading IPCL through these times of great change is our CEO, Mr. Shrirang Karandikar. He holds an ME (Electrical) and a post-graduate diploma in Project Management, and has over 3 decades of experience in business operations & development, project management, startup operations and leadership & team management in various Power Sector Utilities, such as MSEB, Kalpataru Power, Torrent Power, NDPL (Tata Power), and NTPC. His last stint was in Crompton Greaves Ltd., where he headed the distribution business. IPCL has nearly a hundred years of heritage through DPSC, combined with the youth and vigour of a brand-new start-up. While the last few years have been tremendously significant for us in the field of power distribution, they are only the prologue to the saga that is sure to unfold.

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