Research Methodologies 1.1

Research Methods | Ar. Sharmila Ganguly

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Types of Research

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Experimental Research Descriptive Research

TYPES OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH AIMS OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

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WHAT IS EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

STEPS OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ADVANTAGES OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DISADVANTAGES OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

Contents EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

Research is simply the process of arriving at dependable solutions to problems through the planned and systematic collection, analysis. And interpretation of data.

The word experimental research has a range of definitions.

The experimental method is a systematic and scientific approach to research in which the researcher manipulates one or more variables, and controls and measures any change in other variables.

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INTRODUCTION

In the strict sense, experimental research is what we call a true experiment.

This is an experiment where the researcher manipulates one variable, and control/randomizes the rest of the variables.

It has a control group, the subjects have been randomly assigned between the groups, and the researcher only tests one effect at a time.

What is it?

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In pre-experimental research design, either a group or various dependent groups are observed for the effect of the application of an independent variable which is presumed to cause change. It is the simplest form of experimental research design and is treated with no control group.

Quasi-experimental Research Design The word "quasi" means partial, half, or pseudo. Therefore, the quasi-experimental research bears a resemblance to the true experimental research, but not the same. In quasi-experiments, the participants are not randomly assigned, and as such, they are used in settings where randomization is difficult or impossible.

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Pre-experimental Research Design

True Experimental Research Design The true experimental research design relies on statistical analysis to approve or disprove a hypothesis. It is the most accurate type of experimental design and may be carried out with or without a pretest on at least 2 randomly assigned dependent subjects.

Types of EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

Experimental research is important to society - it helps us to improve our everyday lives.

Experimental research seeks to determine a relationship between two variables—the dependent variable and the independent variable.

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Experiments are conducted to be able to predict phenomenons. Typically, an experiment is constructed to be able to explain some kind of causation.

One of the main goals of a designed experiment is to partition the effects of the sources of variability into distinct components in order to examine specific questions of interest.

The objective of designed experiments is to improve the precision of the results in order to examine the research hypotheses.

The goal of this research process is to produce new knowledge or deepen understanding of a topic or issue.

Aims of EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

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REVIEW RELEVANT LITERATURE. FORMULATE HYPOTHESES AND DEDUCE THEIR CONSEQUENCES.

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IDENTIFY AND DEFINE THE PROBLEM

CONSTRUCT AN EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN CONDUCT THE EXPERIMENT. COMPILE RAW DATA AND CONDENSE TO USABLE FORM. PRESENT FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS.

Steps of

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

After deciding the topic of interest, the researcher tries to define the research problem. This helps the researcher to focus on a more narrow research area to be able to study it appropriately.

Defining the research problem helps you to formulate a research hypothesis.

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Step 1 Identify

Step 2 Review

In the research process, the literature review stands as the pivotal point of all activities.

This literature review helps researcher whether the topic is worth studying and it provide inside into ways in which the researcher can limit the scope to a needed area of inquiry.

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It is almost impossible for a researcher not to have any hypothesis or objectives before proceeding with his works.

Because a hypothesis or the objective shows the direction to a researcher.

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Step 3 Formulate

That is why, in the experimental research the research design isbuilt around a tentative hypothesis or clearly defined objectives.

Step 4 Construct

It represents all the elements, conditions, and relations of the following consequences: a. Select sample of subjects b. Identify and control non experimental factors.

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d. Conduct pilot study. e. Determine place, time, and duration of the experiment.

Step 5 Construct An experiment is typically carried out by manipulating a variable, called the independent variable, affecting the experimental group. The effect that the researcher is interested in, the dependent variable(s) , is measured.

Identifying and controlling non-experimental factors which the researcher does not want to influence the effects, is crucial to drawing a valid conclusion. This is often done by controlling variables, if possible, or randomizing variables to minimize effects that can be traced back to third variables.

Researchers only want to measure the effect of the independent variable(s) when conducting an experiment allowing them to conclude that this was the reason for the effect.

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c. Select or construct, and validate instruments to measure outcomes.

When the experiment is impose to a specific variable, related data should be collected and compiled in systematic way.

After analyzing compiled data it should be condensed to a usable form.

Step 7 Present

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Step 6 Compile

The aim of an analysis is to draw a conclusion together with other observations. The researcher might generalize the results to a wider phenomenon, if there is no indication of confounding variables "polluting" the results. If the researcher suspects that the effect stem from a different variable than the independent variable, further investigation is needed to gauge the validity of the results.

An experiment is often conducted because the scientist wants to know if the independent variable is having any effect upon the dependent variable. Variables correlating are not proof that there is causation. Experiments are more often of quantitative nature than qualitative nature.

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Control over irrelevant variables is usually greater than in other research methods.

Experimental design involves manipulating the independent variable to observe the effect on the dependent variable. This makes it possible to determine a cause and effect relationship.

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As well as controlling the independent variable the experimenter attempts to eliminate unwanted irrelevant variables.

Because of strict conditions and control the experimenter can set up the experiment again and repeat or ‘check’ their results.

Replication is very important as when similar results are obtained this gives greater confidence in the results.

Advantages of EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

Experimental situation may not relate to the real world.

It is a time-consuming process.

One of the most significant disadvantages of experimental research is that it does not take the ethical or moral violations that some variables may create out of the situation.

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Elimination of extraneous variables is not always possible.

Some variables cannot be manipulated in ways that are safe for people, the environment, or even the society as a whole.

Results may only apply to one situation and may be difficult to replicate Human response can be difficult to measure along with other qualitative values

Disadvantages of EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

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