Alphabet
खझ Jha
Kha
Devanagari "Buddha" written in Samrup Rachna calligraphy
Origins
Alphabet
Devanagari is part of the Brahmic family of script and also contains elements of Gupta, Siddham, and Sharada script. These scripts are native to India, Nepal, Tibet, and South-East Asia. Variations of what the Gupta called nāgarī where first found from the 7th century CE and after 1200 CE these were replaced with Siddham until an early occurrence of Devanagari appeared in 922 CE. The popularity and growth of Devanagari can be attested to the simplicity in which it can be used to inscribe many different oral languages. This is because it is the only script which has specific signs (grapheme) for the phonetically arranged sounds of the human speech (phonemes), and it is flexible enough to write foreign sounds by attaching marks to the nearer grapheme. It’s rise can also can be attested to the words meaning in Sanskrit; devi meaning divine and nāgarī meaning city. These come together to describe it as the sophisticated script of the urban world. Because of its popularity and parent languages Devanagari is the most popular choice for writing Sanskrit one of the oldest languages in the world.
Devanagari operates with forty seven letters on average with thirty three consonants and fourteen vowels.
Indian phonography is vowel dominant; each vowel is realizable in 3 scales Short, Long, Prolonged. All vowels can be pronounced in non-nasal and nasal modes. Which means each vowel can have 18 realizations. These cannot be written and must be listened to learn.
Devanagari is written from left to right with a continuous line over to letters to form them together to make words. These words are made up of vowels primarily with letters changing with dots and accents to confer their relationships with consonants within the word and extra sounds that change the meaning of the word.