CIM Issue 9 3_4_2012_update

Digital Magazine Jan. - Mar., 2011

Shopping and Gambling (Poipet Border)

Cambodia’s Fashionable Rebels Cambodia Festivals Agriculture Cambodia Rice Bowl of Cambodia Ease of Doing Business in Cambodia

V I C T O R

I A

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In total harmony ha ny with w its natural surroundings, roun ndings, the the resort is situated in the heart heart of Siem m Reap, opposite o posite the th Royal Park.

Located to Park Locate d within cclose ose proximity prox the Angkor old Angko Temples, Temples the quaint qua market town tow wn of SSiem iem Reap and 7 km. (4 miles) from the InternaƟonal Airport. m In ernaƟonal A Transport with Transp port yourself yoursel into the past p our thre three limousines, ee vintage Citroen lim ousines, personalized airport transfers, tran nsfers, a trip tr for personalized around the the town or a visit to the Temples. ples.

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PUBLISHER’S NOTE Dear Readers, It’s hard to imagine anything that’s harder, more fun, and ultimately more satisfying, than completing the first 24 months of a new venture still standing.

This issue of Cambodia Insight is our ninth quarterly publication. It’s been, as the Navy promises, not a job but an adventure.

Heartfelt thanks to our many readers. You’ve proven again and again that you’ll visit an online publication. We appreciate your attention, as well as your comments and suggestions. Every one of them was read, and many adopted. We’re grateful.

Heartfelt thanks, too, to our advertisers. We don’t charge our many readers, and your generous support has made this possible. We hope that your business has benefited from the attention your ads garnered both locally and internationally. We’re grateful.

Heartfelt thanks, as well, to our contributors.

You’ve supplied us with interesting – indeed fascinating – insights into this Land of Wonder and its warm, welcoming people. The quality of your work shone brightly. We’re grateful.

Heartfelt thanks, finally, to our staff. You’ve worked tirelessly and without complaint under the pressures of deadlines.

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You’ve brought creativity to Cambodia Insight, along with a full measure of talent, hard work and good spirits. We’re grateful.

As we look ahead to 2012, we’re encouraged that we’ve weathered the initial growing pains and can focus now even more on producing the leading publication about Cambodian life, business, culture, and especially responsible tourism.

What will future issues bring? We’ll continue to spotlight the growing numbers of visitors and investors, the important role of investment and relations with our neighbors. And most of all we’ll continue to bring to our readers the wonders of the Land of Wonders, our adopted home.

As always, your readership, your advertising support, and your comments will help us make this the leading publication of its kind on the internet. We’re truly grateful.

Sincerely,

Charles R. Evans, Publisher Tel: +855 (0) 63.969.200 Fax: 63.969.201 H/P: 017.906.721 Charles@CorporateMarketingIntl.com

JANUARY - MARCH , 2012

CONTENTS In Between Shopping and Gambling

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Cambodia’s Fashionable Rebels

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Rice Bowl of Cambodia

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The Khmer

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Cambodia Festivals

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Agriculture Cambodia

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Ease of Doing Business in Cambodia

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Map

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A Quarterly Magazine on Business, Economy, Tourism, Culture and Society in English for Cambodia.

Founded in Siem Reap City in January, 2010 by Evans Marketing Charles R. Evans Don Finck Don Finck Kanyapat Evans Jeroen Mylho Savuth Sao Atchariya Priabnan Seriya Chan Bunleab Hong Mookda Jamsai Eric Larbouillat Peter Richards

Publisher and Managing Director Editor - in - Chief Senior Creative Director Creative Director Art Director Manager, Graphic Design & Print Production Graphic & Web Design Sr. Webmaster & Programmer Jr. Webmaster & Programmer Production Assistant Sales Executive Thailand Bureau Chief

Evans Marketing Business Adviser Co. Ltd., Wat Damnak Village, 0453 Sala Kam Reuk Commune, Group 4, Siem Reap - Angkor, 17000, Kingdom of Cambodia Tel: +855 (0) 63.969.200/201 Fax: +855 (0) 63.969.201.

Advertising & Subscriptions E-Mail: Advertising@CambodiaInsight.com E-Mail: Subscription@CambodiaInsight.com @ Copyright Evans Marketing Business Adviser Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. The name Cambodia Insight.com, in either English or Khmer languages, its associated logos or devices and the contents of this publication and website may not be reproduced in whole or in part, in print or electronically, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed without written permission of Evans Marketing Business Adviser Co., Ltd.

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Cambodia Insight.com is a wholly owned publication and website of Evans Marketing Business Adviser Co., Ltd. Licensed by the Ministry of Information.

Although every care has been taken in the production of this magazine and website, no responsibility for errors or liability is assumed through the use of the information contained herein.

Cambodia Insight.com is an independent publication dedicated to providing our readers with informative content presented in a positive light helping to boost business investment, tourism, cultural awareness and the image of the country.

JANUARY - MARCH , 2012

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IN BETWEEN SHOPPING AND GAMBLING

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n Aranya Prathet, Thailand (Rong Kluea Market / Thai Border side) you will be surprised to find there are a lot of shops and you could spend all day shopping.

Rong Kluea Market is what “Aran” is best known for. It starts up at 7am. There is a sense of repetition as you walk through the stalls and shops because they sell similar goods in batches, but it is worth looking for that bargain or something special.

Popular with Thai and Cambodian who want to buy secondhand brand names to re - sell, Rong Kluea is the largest market on Eastern

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Seaboard of Thailand. Thousands of Thai and Cambodian visit on the weekend, walking around or renting motorcycles and bicycles because you cannot walk around the entire market in one day.

You will see Levis, Ben Sherman, and all other manner of discarded clothing, handbags, and lots of other stuff that actually look better worn than new.

Traders come to purchase counterfeit goods for their stores. Things to see include; not only secondhand & new clothing, but also food, dry fish, fruit and vegetables. Many visitors

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just seem to be there for a day tour, but everyone looks happy and friendly. Drinks and food is for sale on every corner.

Poipet province is the north-western Cambodia Casino zone and is known as a magnet for gamblers from many ASEAN countries.

With casino gambling illegal in Thailand, thousands of Thais cross the border into Poipet every week, dropping 100s of thousands of baht into the Cambodian economy.

Poipet has continued to increase the number of hotel/ casinos yearly. There are now at least seven such operations in existence and more are being constructed while existing one’s have recently undergone major expansion.

With thousands of workers drawing salaries in these venues, it is not surprising that Poipet’s economy in recent years has been driven by gamblers’ thirst for good fortune.

But will this source of revenue continue; and, if not, will Poipet fade into the clouds of dust for which it is known and merely remain a commercial border crossing and a convenient destination for visa runners from Thailand?

The beginning of the end of Poipet, as it is known today, is very much possible. With foreign and Thai interests pushing for “upscale” resort-style gambling destinations, the hotel/casinos in Poipet may very well be once again covered with dust.

To get there: Aranya Prathet, Thailand (and just-across-the border) and Poipet, Cambodia are popular destinations for Thai, Cambodian and expatriate visitors who are attracted by the border crossing with its market and casinos.

Land crossing from Thailand into Cambodia is easy at the Aranya Prathet - Poipet Border. “Aranya Prathet” is over 300 km. from Bangkok to the West. It takes around

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four-five hours by bus or three hours by Taxi.

A bus ticket will cost 200 - 240 Baht, Poipet to Siem Reap via Sisophon is now paved and smooth, and the trip will take about two hours. (Share Taxi) Seats on the official bus service from the depot to Siem Reap cost $9; the ride will take around three hours.

(Many wagons, full of goods and products, Food and drink are ready to pulled or pushed up the bus.)

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General traveling time, Poipet to Phnom Penh, takes around eight hours.

Cambodia visa processing here is rather easy.

The foreign visitors just fill in the visa application form with one Passport - size photo.

Show your Passport and pay USD. $20 or 1,000 Baht visa fee to the Cambodian Immigration officials.

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That’s all the process needed to be done.

The Aranya Prathet / Poipet border is open from 07:00a.m. to 20:00 p.m., and foreign tourists can obtain their Cambodian or Thailand visas here.

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Old Market area, Alongside of the river.

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CAMBODIA’S FASHIONABLE REBELS

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On the face of it, this is an unlikely venue for youthful insurrection.

This is what the rebels have come for. You shall know them by the brevity of their skirts and the blondness of their hair.

narrow parking area in front of Pencil by 17:00, and a growing queue of others is starting to block the road.

The four-wheeled drive cars dropping off the more well to - do rebels exacerbate the congestion.

This nondescript, low - rise building in Cambodia’s capital was, until recently, a slightly shabby supermarket.

Too much flesh?

They arrive in force.

Hundreds of motorbikes are already crammed into the

Many of those arriving share a common look: micro-mini skirts or hot pants for the women, and elaborately

s the sun sets, the rebels come out. Their favourite form of transport is the Scoopy motorbike. Their destination is Phnom Penh’s riverside branch of Pencil.

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But where the shelves of food and household goods once stood, the rag trade has taken over.

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coiffed and coloured hairdos for the men.

got out of the war, it was very conservative.

In many countries, this would barely raise an eyebrow, but in Cambodia it could be read as a deliberate effort to confront authority.

In the past you’d think: ‘My mum would kill me for dressing like this’,” she says, gesturing to her lowcut, cleavage-exposing vest top. “But now… don’t care.”

That attitude is shared by the young crowd at Pencil.

The lithe-limbed, topless apsara dancer carved into the stones of the ancient temples of Angkor may be one of the icons of this small nation, but the modern powers - that - be frown on the exposure of too much flesh.

In the past, television celebrities have been ordered to dress modestly, and keep a conservative hairstyle.

Even those with a lower profile have had to contend with the attention of teachers and traffic police.

Both groups have been known to administer impromptu haircuts or even cart offensively styled youngsters off for “re-education”.

‘More exciting’ All this is a sign of how the aesthetic norms, in place since three decades of conflict came to an end in the 1970s, are being challenged.

“It’s changed a lot in the past two or three years,” says Cambodia’s leading model agent, Sapor Rendall.

“Designers are making things more exciting now. When we

“Sometimes my mum asks ‘Aren’t you ashamed of going out like that?’ But it’s changed for the new generation,” says Arun, a 25-yearold shop-worker with crimped and highlighted hair, who says she takes style tips from international pop singers like Rihanna, Beyonce and Pink.

Her 23 - year - old friend Monika says her mother does not mind her dyed - blonde hair or her preference for short skirts.

“People can do what they want now,” she says. “Not just dress as the authorities say. It’s a free style – a sexy style.”

A Korean style, as it turns out. The young women all acknowledge the influence of the slew of celebrities coming out of Seoul, who they watch on the wildly popular local, youth orientated channel MyTV. One of the busiest concessions inside Pencil is simply called Korean Style.

There are dozens of other clothing stalls - most no

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for those outside of a rapidly emerging urban middle-class.

And Ravy Nick, a 19-yearold student, finds it hard to disguise her distaste for the styles on display in Pencil.

“This is not our culture,” she says. “Men look down on you when you wear sexy.

They think you’re easy.”

However, Ms Nick believes the sartorial mood may have shifted irreversibly.

bigger than a walk - in wardrobe, with garments hanging from floor to ceiling and a fitting area squeezed into a corner.

Daly Na, 19, runs a stall called Darlink, which specialises in hot pants.

“These are my designs,” she says, pointing out the boldly coloured cut-offs on one side of the shop. Copycats are rife, she notes ruefully.

“People have seen what they’re wearing in other countries,” says Ms Na. “Everybody wants to be Korean – or pick up styles from Thai and Hong Kong fashion magazines.”

‘Not our culture’ Prices can be bargained down from an initial asking price of $15 (£9). However, the hot pants are still too expensive

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“The government can say things, but they haven’t made any rules or laws – they’re not doing anything about it.”

As Cambodia has one of the youngest populations in the world, the numbers would seem to be on the side of the fashion rebels.

For the moment, their desire for self-expression appears to be limited to personal style and consumerism.

There seems to be little appetite for any movement other than that of the upward march of the hemline.

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However, as the increasingly affluent urban youth become ever more savvy with social media and foreign travel, they may also bring further changes to a country finally emerging from conflict and conservatism.

Credit by : BBC

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RICE BOWL OF CAMBODIA B

attambang is a relaxed and laid back town sitting on the banks of the Sangker River just to the south west of the Tonle Sap lake, Battambang is primarily a farmer and trader town, The area is known locally and internationally as the “Rice Bowl” of Cambodia.

This is because the economy of Battambang is extremely efficient in the production of rice, and additionally because of the comparative advantage and local endowments in the region.

An estimated 2,400 square kilometers of land is used in rice production, with the figure growing consistently

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each year. The abundance of land results in over 500,000 tonnes of rice being produced annually; around 300,000 tonnes of that rice is traded locally and internationally and makes a refreshing change from the tourist town of Siem Reap as it still has a very local, untouristed, provincial atmosphere.

Much of the town’s architecture is French colonial and traditional Cambodian with very few buildings over three stories. There is a new shopping mall building nice most shops sall cloth and food at evening time.

The main streets are shared by cars, motorbikes, bicycles,

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and horse carts making Battambang a pleasant place to explore for a day or two.

The Battambang Museum, located on the riverside, contains some interesting Angkor - era artifacts taken from the surrounding countryside, and there is a small exhibition hall next door which often has interesting displays.

Battambang is also home to some of the most interesting pagodas in Cambodia, such as Wat Sangker, Wat Kandal, and Wat Damrei Sor, and they are certainly worth visiting as you stroll around enjoying the colonial architecture and laid - back ambiance.

Phnom Banan, Battambang The countryside surrounding Battambang is quite beautiful, including many old pagodas such as Wat Kor, and Wat Ksach Puoy, the Angkorian era ruins of Phnom Banan and Wat Ek Phnom, caves, waterfalls, mountain viewpoints, and even the Khmer Rouge period killing caves at Phnom Sampeau.

As you leave the town the scene quickly becomes one of small villages, within just a few kilometers of town the countryside is filled with stilted houses, ancient covered bridges, and rice paddies that stretch to the horizon, broken by occasional hills intriguingly named after local folklore such as Crocodile Mountain, Duck Cage Hill, and Turtle Mountain.

During the dry season as the waters of the Sangker River recede the river banks are planted with a wide range of fruit and vegetables making the local village markets, such as Ksach Puoy, a great place to purchase local produce.

In the late afternoon light the rural scenery is simply breathtaking.

You will also witness local products in the making - silk weaving, rice paper, noodles and fish paste.

dream that some day a holy man on a white horse would vanquish him, so he decided it would be a good idea to have all the holy men rounded up and put to death.

When the prince, now a practicing monk, heard he was required to go into town a hermit came up and gave him a white horse. When the prince got on the horse he discovered it could fly and he flew into town.

Yarn of Battambang A yarn about Battambang, Battambang is Khmer for ‘disappearing stick’, and legend has it that a local cowherd named Ta Dambong found a

magic stick and used it to usurp the then King. The King’s son escaped by running off to the woods and became a monk. In the meantime, Ta Dambong enjoyed ruling the area with the help of his powerful stick.

However, one night he had a JANUARY - MARCH , 2012

Upon seeing this holy man on a flying white horse Ta Dambong realised his dream was coming true, in a attempt to kill the ‘holy man’ he threw his magic stick at him, but seeing this fail he fled the area and was never seen again.

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Battambang Products approach the three - hectare vineyard on the left hand in Banan. Soil in Battambang is quite a good for growing grapes.

At least 300 bottles of wine has been on sale in Battambang market town every month.

Around 10,000 bottles have been annually produced.

Khmer Grape Wine: Khmer’s Red Wine is made from grape fruits and is a new product in Battambang Cambodia. Cambodia’s grape wine was recognized by

OVOP National Committee as a product of One Village One Product.

In order to see the grape plantation, you drive towards Banan temple; you will

Battambang Orange

Battambang Pineapple

Oranges are cultivated in Barnon district since French colonial times. The farmers introduced orange seeds from Pursat Province.

In Battambang a special, small species of pineapple exists with a good flavor similar to honey.

Battambang’s farmers call this small species of pineapple “Manath” because the farmers introduced these species long time ago from the neighboring country.

Later, the plants were spreading to many areas in Battambang.

Battambang Oranges are today famous for many years, the main production area is Banon district. Harvest time June to August.

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Immortality: Grape Wine is a Khmer homemade product, which is produced to help improve living conditions of all Khmer peoples that certainly lead to One Village, One Products.

Cultivated area is 150 hectares mostly in Moung Russey district, The cultivation period is 14 months, if growing starts in April the pineapples can be harvested in June next year.

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HOMECITIES / PROVINCES BATTAMBANG BATTAMBANG MAIZE / CORN

Battambang Maize/Corn Farmers in Battambang cultivate besides rice also other commercial crops such as maize in order to improve their standard of living.

weight of 70g - 200g. People from Battambang used to call this fruit Ta Lim, Ta Mao or Ta Yove depending on the area where the grapefruit is cultivated. Harvest time is around August – September

The most popular seeds is 888, AAA due to its high yield.

Maize producers formed an association and set up a trading company for collecting the crop during harvest season.

Battambang Cotton

Cultivation area is 91,628 ha, yields are approxiamately.

458,140 tons per year, the largest maize producing areas are the districts of Banon, Ratanakmoundol, Sampov Loon, Phnom Prek, and Sam, Domestic market and export to Vietnam and Thailand.

Cambodia has two distinct seasons, the dry and the rainy season, which provides very good conditions for cotton cultivation.

Cotton is a plant used in processing industries for garments. It is growing in tropical and sub-tropical areas around the world.

Battambang Grapefruits

Besides Battambang, also Kampong Cham has cotton cultivation to supply local processing factories under a system of contract farming.

Grapefruits are a local fruit in Battambang which have a

Cultivation Battambang

area is 200

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in ha.

Battambang Province started to plant cotton crops in 2006 by an investment company from China. Market Export to China and Vietnam, Harvest season Cultivation starts in April, collection of the crop is done from August to February.

Battambang Cassava Cassava is an agricultural product that can be processed into various other products such as ethanol, animal feed, cassava starch and cassava flour for human consumption.

In 2005, comprehensive cassava cultivation started in Battambang.

The farmers introduced cassava trees from Thailand in order to split and cultivate these trees on their own land.

The cultivated period is from April to December.

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Cultivation area is 30,730 ha, (locations and different sizes of farm land ) yields are 1,229,200 tons per year, Market Export to Thailand, Vietnam and supply to domestic companies such as CP and MH Trading.

Battambang Paddy Rice Similar to other provinces in Cambodia, Battambang’s

farmers produce various varieties of paddy rice such as Neang Khune, Neang Minh, Jasmine and Phkar Khney.

Battambang is of highest importance in Cambodia for producing and supplying rice for domestic consumption and export to overseas markets.

varieties Jasmine, Phkar Khney and Neang Khune.

- Cultivation area is about 245,127 hectares.

- Yields are 735,281 tons per year.

- Markets and export to Malaysia, EU and USA.

Battambang’s white rice is very famous and popular for many years, especially the

Transportation - Battambang Tourists can travel to all parts of Cambodia by bus, taxi, motorbike, boat and aeroplane.

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overland transport on 291km via National Highway 5. It is accessible from Thailand via Pailin & Banteay Meanchey.

Within the capital of Phnom Penh, Siem Reap Province and Preah Sihanouk Province, sightseeing can conveniently be enjoyed on a Reumork (Tuk Tuk).

Generally from Siem Reap to Battambang can be via overland. Today, there is no operating flight to this province at the moment.

Buses are available from Phnom Penh to Siem Reap, Preah Sihanouk, Pursat, Battambang, Poipèt, Banteay Meanchey, Kratie, and Preah Vihear.

Battambang can be accessed

by Speed Boat with a nice and relaxing boat trip during the rainy season 7 am boat, you’ll arrive at Battambang about 10:30 am.

Battambang can be accessed from Phnom Penh by

Departing from Phnom Penh taking the 7-8am boat, you’ll

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arrive at Battambang around 3 - 4pm. The cost is around US$ 16 - 22 per person.

It is s a good alternative to the shared taxi US$ 10-15 per person, depending on demand.

So it’s negotiable. Share Taxi Battambang to Phnom Penh US$ 10 Battambang to Sisophon US$ 1.7 Battambang to Pursat US$ 3.4

Bayon

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The Khmer Household and Family Structure In the late 1980s, the nuclear family, consisting of a husband and a wife and their unmarried children, probably continued to be the most important kin group within Khmer society.

The family is the major unit of both production and consumption. Within this unit are the strongest emotional ties, the assurance of aid in the event of trouble, economic cooperation in labor, sharing of produce and income, and contribution as a unit to ceremonial obligations.

A larger grouping, the personal kindred that includes a nuclear family with the children, grandchildren, grandparents, uncles, aunts,

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first cousins, nephews, and nieces, may be included in the household.

Family organization is weak, and ties between related families beyond the kindred are loosely defined at best.

There is no tradition of family names, although the French tried to legislate their use in the early twentieth century.

Most Khmer genealogies extend back only two or three generations, which contrasts with the veneration of ancestors by the Vietnamese and by the Chinese.

Noble families and royal families, some of which can trace their descent for several generations, are exceptions.

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The individual Khmer is surrounded by a small inner circle of family and friends who constitute his or her closest associates, those he would approach first for help.

The priesthood served only males, however, while membership in some components of the armed forces and in the civil service was open to women as well.

In rural communities, neighbors who are often also kin - may be important, too, and much of housebuilding and other heavy labor intensive tasks are performed by groups of neighbors.

Two fictive relationships in Cambodia transcend kinship boundaries and serve to strengthen interpersonal and interfamily ties.

A Khmer may establish a fictive child-parent or sibling relationship called thoa (roughly translating as adoptive parent or sibling).

Beyond this close circle are more distant relatives and casual friends. In rural Cambodia, the strongest ties a Khmer may develop - besides those to the nuclear family and to close friends - are those to other members of the local community.

A strong feeling of pride for the village, for the district, and province usually characterizes Cambodian community life. There is much sharing of religious life through the local Buddhist temple, and there are many cross cutting kin relations within the community.

Formerly, the Buddhist priesthood, the national armed forces, and, to a lesser extent, the civil service all served to connect the Khmer to the wider national community.

The person desiring to establish the thoa relationship will ask the other person for permission to enter into the relationship.

The thoa relationship may become as close as the participants desire. The second fictive relationship is that of kloeu (close male friend).

This is similar, in many ways, to becoming a blood brother. A person from one place may ask a go - between in another place to help him establish a kloeu relationship with someone in that place.

Once the participants agree, a ceremony is held that includes ritual drinking of water into which small amounts of the participants’ blood

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have been mixed and bullets and knives have been dipped; prayers are also recited by an achar (or ceremonial leader) before witnesses.

Legally, the husband is the head of the Khmer family, but the wife has considerable authority, especially in family economics.

The kloeu relationship is much stronger than the thoa. One kloeu will use the same kinship terms when addressing his kloeu’s parents and siblings as he would when addressing his own.

The two friends can call upon each other for any kind of help at any time.

The husband is responsible for providing shelter and food for his family; the wife is generally in charge of the family budget, and she serves as the major ethical and religious model for the children, especially the daughters.

The kloeu relationship apparently is limited to some rural parts of Cambodia and to Khmer - speaking areas in Thailand. As of the late 1980s, it may have become obsolete. The female equivalent of kloeu is mreak.

Women are mainly responsible for pulling and transplanting rice seedlings, harvesting and winnowing rice, tending gardens, making sugar, weaving, and caring for the household money.

Both males and females may work at preparing the rice paddies for planting, tending the paddies, and buying and selling land.

Ownership of property among the rural Khmer was vested in the nuclear family. Descent and inheritance is bilateral. Legal children might inherit equally from their parents.

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In rural areas, the male is mainly responsible for such activities as plowing and harrowing the rice paddies, threshing rice, collecting sugar palm juice, caring for cattle, carpentry, and buying and selling cows and chickens.

The division of property was theoretically equal among siblings, but in practice the oldest child might inherit more. Each of the spouses might bring inherited land into the family, and the family might acquire joint land during the married life of the couple.

Each spouse was free to dispose of his or her land as he or she chose. A will was usually oral, although a written one was preferred.

Private ownership of land was abolished by the Khmer Rouge in the 1970s. Such ownership is also not recognized by the PRK government,

JANUARY - MARCH , 2012

which for example, refused to support former owners when they returned and found others living on and working their land.

Some peasants were able to remain on their own land during the Khmer Rouge era, however, and generally they were allowed to continue to work the land as if it were their own property.

In 1987 the future of private ownership of land remained in doubt. According to Cambodia scholar Michael Vickery, the PRK government planned to collectivize in three stages.

The first stage involved allotting land to families at the beginning of the season and allowing the cultivators to keep the harvest.

The second stage involved allotting land to each family according to the number of members.

The families in the interfamily units known as solidarity groups (krom samaki) were to work to prepare the fields, but subsequently each family was responsible for the upkeep of its own parcel of land.

At this stage, each family could dispose of its own produce.

In the final stage, all labor was to be performed in common, and at the end of the season any remuneration was distributed a cording to a work point system.

Livestock at this stage would still belong to the family.

By 1984 the first stage groups accounted for 35 percent of the rural population, but the third level accounted for only 10 percent of the farms.

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Housing The nuclear family, in rural Cambodia, typically lives in a rectangular house that may vary in size from four by six meters to six by ten meters. It is constructed of a wooden frame with gabled thatch roof and walls of woven bamboo. Khmer houses typically are raised on stilts as much as three meters for protection from annual floods.

Two ladders or wooden staircases provide access to the house. The steep thatch roof overhanging the house walls protects the interior from rain. Typically a house contains three rooms separated by partitions of woven bamboo.

The front room serves as a living room used to receive visitors, the next room is the parents’ bedroom, and the third is for unmarried daughters. Sons sleep anywhere they can find space.

Family members and neighbors work together to build the house, and a house - raising ceremony is held upon its completion. The houses of poorer persons may contain only a single large room.

Food is prepared in a separate kitchen located near the house but usually behind it. Toilet facilities consist of simple pits in the ground, located away from the house, that are covered up when filled. Any livestock is kept below the house.

Chinese and Vietnamese houses in Cambodian town and villages typically are built directly on the ground and have earthen, cement, or tile floors, depending upon the economic status of the owner. Urban housing and commercial buildings may be of brick, masonry, or wood.

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DIET Dietary habits appear to be basically the same among the Khmer and other ethnic groups, although the Muslim Cham do not eat pork.

The basic foods are rice--in several varieties, fish, and vegetables, especially trakuon (water convolvulus).

Rice may be less thoroughly milled than it is in many other rice - eating countries, and consequently it contains more vitamins and roughage.

The average rice consumption per person per day before 1970 was almost one-half kilogram.

Fermented fish in the form of sauce or of paste are important protein supplements to the diet.

Hot peppers, lemon grass, mint, and ginger add flavor to many Khmer dishes; sugar is added to many foods. Several kinds of noodles are eaten.

Vietnamese, and Indian cuisine were available in Phnom Penh in pre-Khmer Rouge days.

Rural Khmer typically eat several times a day; the first meal consists of a piece of fruit or cake, which workers eat after arriving at the fields.

The first full meal is at about 9:00 or 10:00 in the morning; it is prepared by the wife or daughter and brought to the man in the field.

Workers eat a large meal at about noon in the field and then have supper with their families after returning home around 5:00 P.M. Before the early 1970s, the Cambodian people produced a food supply that provided an adequate diet. Although children gave evidence of caloric underconsumption and of a deficiency in B vitamins.

The basic diet is supplemented by vegetables and by fruits - bananas, mangoes, papayas, rambutan, and palm fruit - both wild and cultivated, which grow abundantly throughout the country.

Beef, pork, poultry, and eggs are added to meals on special occasions, or, if the family can aord it, daily.

In the cities, the diet has been aected by many Western items of food. French, Chinese,

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During the Khmer Rouge era, malnutrition increased, especially among the people who were identified as “new people” by the authorities.

Collective meals were introduced by 1977.

Food rations for the new people were meager.

Refugees’ statements contain the following descriptions: “[daily rations of] a tin of boiled rice a day mixed with...sauce”; “we ate twice a day, boiled soup and rice only”; “one tin of rice a day shared between three people.

Never any meat or fruit”; “Ration was two tins of rice between four persons per day with fish sauce.” People were reduced to eating anything they could find-- insects, small mammals, arachnids, crabs, and plants.

The food situation improved under the PRK, although in the regime’s early years there were still serious food shortages.

International food donations improved the situation somewhat. In 1980 monthly rice rations distributed by the government averaged only one to two kilograms per person.

People supplemented the ration by growing secondary crops such as corn and potatoes, by fishing, by gathering fruit and vegetables, and by collecting crabs and other edible animals.

A 1984 estimate reported that as many as 50 percent of all young people in Cambodia were undernourished.

Dress The traditional Khmer costume consisted of a shirt or blouse and a skirt-like lower garment - sampot for women and sarong for men, a tube-shaped garment about a meter wide and as much as three meters in circumference.

Made of cotton or of silk in many different styles and patterns, it is pulled on over the legs and fastened around the waist.

On ceremonial occasions, elegant sampot as sarong, embroidered with gold or silver threads, may be worn with a long piece of material gathered at the waist, passed between the legs, and tucked into the waistband in back.

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Members of the urban middle and upper classes may wear Westernstyle clothing at work and more traditional clothing at home.

At home both sexes wear the sampot and the sarong. In rural areas, working men and women may wear loose - fitting pants and shirts or blouses.

Many men wear Western-style pants or shorts.

A third essential part of Khmer dress is the krama, or long scarf, that is worn around the neck, over the shoulders, or wrapped turban-style around the head.

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School children wear Western-style clothing to school. The boys wear shirts and shorts; the girls wear skirts and blouses.

The Khmer Rouge were noted for their unisex black “pajamas.� Their typical garb was the peasant outfit of collarless black shirt - baggy trousers and checkered krama (a scarf knotted loosely about the neck).

colored clothing was prohibited under the Khmer Rouge and that women, young and old, wore black, dark blue, or maroon sampot with short-sleeved plain blouses.

Women were forbidden to wear Western-style pants at any time. The conical hat characteristic of the Vietnamese has been adopted to a certain extent by Khmer in the provinces adjacent to Vietnam.

French anthropologist Marie Alexandrine Martin reported that the wearing of brightly

Families The birth of a child is a happy event for the family. According to traditional beliefs, however, confinement and childbirth expose the family, and especially the mother and the child to harm from the spirit world.

A woman who dies in childbirth - crosses the river (chhlong tonle) in Khmer is believed to become an evil spirit. In traditional Khmer society, a pregnant woman respects a number of food taboos and avoids certain situations.

These traditions remain in practice in rural Cambodia, but they have become weakened in urban areas.

No extensive information exists on birth control or on the use of contraceptives in Cambodia. Before the Khmer Rouge takeover, no organizations in Cambodia were known to be concerned with family planning.

Traditional Khmer families were normally smaller than Chinese or Vietnamese families; the desired number of children was five.

Reports suggest that several methods of contraception are currently available in Cambodia and that these are practiced in the PRK. A recent study of Cambodian women in France reported that 91 percent of the sample wished to use some method of birth control and that 74 percent knew of at least one method.

The most common methods used in that group were the oral contraceptive pill and some form of sterilization. It is not known to what extent the attitudes of this group reflect those of Cambodian women in general.

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A Cambodian child may be nursed until he or she is between two and four years of age. Up to the age of three or four, the child is given considerable physical affection and freedom.

There is little corporal punishment. After reaching the age of about four, children are expected to feed and bathe themselves and to control their bowel functions.

Children around five years of age also may be expected to help look after younger siblings.

Children’s games emphasize socialization or skill rather than winning and losing.

Most children begin school when they are seven or eight. By the time they reach this age, they are familiar with the society’s norms of politeness, obedience, and respect toward their elders and toward Buddhist monks.

The father at this time begins his permanent retreat into a relatively remote, authoritarian role. By age ten, a girl is expected to help her mother in basic household tasks; a boy knows how to care for the family’s livestock and can do farm work under the supervision of older males.

In precommunist days, parents exerted complete authority over their children until the children were married, and the parents continued to maintain some control well into the marriage.

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Punishment was meted out sparingly, but it might have involved physical contact. Age difference was strictly recognized. The proper polite vocabulary was used in the precommunist period, and special generational terms for “you” continued to be used in the late 1980s.

Younger speakers had to show respect to older people, including siblings, even if their ages differed by only a few minutes.

Between the ages of seven and nineteen, but most commonly between the ages of eleven and nineteen, a boy may become a temple servant and go on to serve a time as a novice monk.

Having a son chosen for such a position is a great honor for the parents, and earns the individual son much merit.

Formerly, and perhaps still in some rural areas, a ceremony marked the entrance of a girl into puberty. Upon the onset of menstruation, a girl would participate in a ritual called chol mlup (entering the shadow).

Certain foods were taboo at this time, and she would be isolated from her family for a period of a few days to six months. After the period of seclusion, she was considered marriageable.

Adolescent children usually play with members of the same sex. The main exception to this occurs during festivals, especially happy ones

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such as the New Year Festival, when boys and girls take part in group games.

Young people then have the opportunity to begin looking for future mates. Virginity is highly valued in brides, and premarital sex is deplored. The girl who becomes pregnant out of wedlock brings shame to her family.

The choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male, and it may involve not only his parents and his friends, as well as those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker.

A young man can decide on a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to arrange the marriage negotiations, or the young person’s parents may make the choice of spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. In theory, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen.

Then each family will investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying into a good family. When both sides agree to the marriage and presents have been exchanged and accepted, the families consult an achar to set the wedding date.

In rural areas, there is a form of bride-service; that is, the young man may take a vow to serve his prospective father-in-law for a period of time.

The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, but in the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. The ceremony begins in the morning at the home of the bride and is directed by the achar.

Courtship patterns differ between rural and urban Khmer. Attitudes in the larger cities have been influenced by Western ideas of romantic love that do not apply in the countryside.

Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and recite prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, tying cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and passing a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the union.

A man usually marries between the ages of nineteen and twenty-five, a girl between the ages of sixteen and twenty - two. Marriage between close blood relatives is forbidden.

After a spouse has been selected, a go between meets with the parents and broaches the subject of marriage.

After the wedding, a banquet is held. In the city, the banquet is held at a restaurant; in the country, it is held in a temporary shelter and is prepared by the two families. Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may live with them up to a year, until they can build a new house nearby.

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These patterns changed drastically under the communists. The Khmer Rouge divided families and separated the men from the women.

Concubinage also exists, although it is more frequent in the cities. While second wives have certain legal rights, concubines have none.

The father, mother, and children frequently were separated for many months. A man and woman often did not have time to consummate a marriage, and sexual relations were limited by long separations. Extramarital relations and even flirtations between young people were heavily punished.

As the married couple moves through life they have children, nurture and train them, educate them, and marry them off. When they become too old to support themselves, they may invite the youngest child’s family to move in and to take over running the household. At this stage in their lives, they enjoy a position of high status, they help care for grandchildren, and they devote more time in service to the wat (temple).

Divorce is legal, relatively easy to obtain, but not common. Divorced persons are viewed with some disapproval, and they are not invited to take part in the blessing of a newlywed couple.

Some of the grounds for divorce are incompatibility, prolonged absence without good reason, abandonment by either partner, refusal of the husband to provide for the family, adultery, immoral conduct, and refusal, for more than a year, to permit sexual intercourse.

A magistrate may legalize the divorce.

Each spouse retains whatever property he or she brought into the marriage. Property acquired jointly is divided equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but the woman must wait ten months. Custody of minor children is usually given to the mother.

Both parents continue to have an obligation to contribute financially toward the rearing and education of the child.

In theory a man may have multiple wives if he can afford them, but this is rare in practice; the first wife may veto the taking of a second wife.

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Death is not viewed with the great outpouring of grief common to Western society; it is viewed as the end of one life and as the beginning of another life that one hopes will be better.

Buddhist Khmer usually are cremated, and their ashes are deposited in a stupa in the temple compound.

A corpse is washed, dressed, and placed in a coffin, which may be decorated with flowers and with a photograph of the deceased. White pennant-shaped flags, called “white crocodile flags,” outside a house indicate that someone in that household has died.

A funeral procession consisting of an achar, Buddhist monks, members of the family, and other mourners accompanies the coffin to the crematorium. The spouse and the children show mourning by shaving their heads and by wearing white clothing. Relics such as teeth or pieces of bone are prized by the survivors, and they are often worn on gold chains as amulets.

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Social Stratification and Social Mobility Social strata in precommunist Cambodia may be viewed as constituting a spectrum, with an elite group or upper class at one end and a lower class consisting of rural peasants and unskilled urban workers at the other end.

The elite group was composed of high - ranking government, military, and religious leaders, characterized by high prestige, wealth, and education or by members one of the royal or noble families. Each one of the subgroups had its own internal ranking system.

Before the ouster of Sihanouk in 1970, the highest ranks of the elite group were filled largely by those born into them. The republican regime in the early 1970s invalidated all royal and noble titles, and the only titles of social significance legally in use in connection with the elite group were those gained through achievement.

Military and government titles tended to replace royal and noble titles. In spite of the legislated loss of titles, however, wide public recognition of the royalty and the nobility continued. The deferential linguistic usages and the behavior styles directed toward members of these groups persisted through the 1970s and, to a limited extent, were still present in the late 1980s.

strikes were serious enough in 1972 to force the government to close some schools.

Somewhere in the middle of this social spectrum was a small middle class, which included both Khmer and non - Khmer of medium prestige. Members of this class included businessmen, white-collar workers, teachers, physicians, most of the Buddhist clergy, shopkeepers, clerks, and military oďŹƒcers of lower and middle rank.

Many Chinese, Vietnamese, and members of other ethnic minorities belonged to the middle class. The Khmer were a majority only among the military and among the civil servants.

In the early 1970s, the senior military oďŹƒcers, some of whom were also members of the aristocracy, replaced the hereditary aristocracy as the most influential group in the country. To some extent, this upper stratum of the upper class was closed, and it was extremely diďŹƒcult to move into it and to attain positions of high power.

The closed nature of the group frustrated many members of the small intellectual elite. This group, positioned at the lower end of the elite group, consisted of civil servants, professional people, university students, and some members of the Buddhist hierarchy. It had become large enough to be politically influential by the 1970s, for example, student JANUARY - MARCH , 2012

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The lower class consisted of rural small farmers, fishermen, craftsmen, and blue - collar urban workers. The majority of Cambodians belonged to this group. Most of the members of the lower class were Khmer, but other ethnic groups, including most of the Cham, Khmer Loeu, some Vietnamese, and a few Chinese, were included. This class was virtually isolated from, and was uninterested in, the activities of the much smaller urban middle and upper classes.

Within the lower class, fewer status distinctions existed; those that did depended upon attributes such as age, sex, moral behavior, and religious piety. Traditional Buddhist values were important on the village level. Old age was respected, and older men and women received deferential treatment in terms of language and behavior.

All else being equal, males generally were accorded a higher social status than females. Good character - honesty, generosity, compassion, avoidance of quarrels, chastity, warmth--and personal religious piety also increased status. Generosity toward others and to the wat was important. Villagers accorded respect and honor to those whom they perceived as having authority or prestige.

Buddhist monks and nuns, teachers, high ranking government officials, and members of the hereditary aristocracy made up this category. Persons associated with those who possessed prestige tended to derive prestige and to be accorded respect therefrom.

The Khmer language reflects a somewhat different classification of Khmer society based on a more traditional model and characterized by differing linguistic usages. This classification divided Cambodian society into three broad categories: royalty and nobility, clergy, and laity. The Khmer language had--and to a lesser extent still has--partially different lexicons for each of these groups.

eat) was used of Buddhist clergy, and saoy (to eat) was used of royalty. The Khmer Rouge attempted to do away with the different lexicons and to establish a single one for all; for example, they tried to substitute a single, rural word, hop (to eat), for all of the above words.

Social mobility was played out on an urban stage. There was little opportunity among the majority of the rural Cambodians to change social status; this absence of opportunity was a reflection of traditional Buddhist fatalism.

A man could achieve higher status by entering the monkhood or by acquiring an education and then entering the military or the civil service. Opportunities in government service, especially for white-collar positions, were highly prized by Cambodian youths. The availability of such positions did not keep pace with the number of educated youths, however, and in the late 1960s and the early 1970s this lag began to cause widespread dissatisfaction.

The Khmer Rouge characterized Cambodians as being in one of several classes: the feudal class (members of the royal family and high government or military officials); the capitalist class (business people); the petite bourgeoisie (civil servants, professionals, small business people, teachers, servants, and clerics); peasant class (the rich, the mid - level, and the poor, based on whether or not they could hire people to work their land and on whether or not they had enough food); the worker class (the independent worker, the industrial worker, and the party members); and the “special” classes (revolutionary intellectuals, military and police officials, and Buddhist monks).

For example, nham (to eat) was used when speaking of oneself or to those on a lower social level; pisa (to eat) was used when speaking politely of someone else; chhan (to

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CAMBODIA FESTIVITIES

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he Kingdom of Cambodia has a wealth of traditional and cultural festivals dated according to the Cambodian lunar calendar.

All of these festivals are influenced by the concepts of Buddhism, Hinduism, and royal cultures.

The festivals, which serve as a source of great joy, merriment and Cambodia’s national

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colors, play a major role in influencing tourists’ opinions, behaviors, and options.

Most of these are a time of great rejoicing for the predominantly urban and the rural populace.

Nowadays the whole nation unites in understanding its cultural values and traditions.

On these pages, are some of the important celebrations organized during the year.

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Khmer New Year The Khmer New Year, or ‘Bon Chol Chhnam Thmei’ in the Khmer language, is commonly celebrated on 13th April each year although sometimes the holiday may fall on the 14th April in keeping with the Cambodian lunar calendar.

This marks the end of the harvest season when farmers enjoy the fruits of their labor and relax before the start of the rainy season.

The New Year holidays last for three days This three-day New Year holiday, also known as Khmer New Year, is a major celebration in Cambodia.

mushrooms. Families bring food to offer Buddhist monks and gather for blessing and prayer.

Another activity is the building of a small sand “mountain.”

Each bit of sand that is added is believed to increase the chance for health and happiness in the coming year.

The second day is known as Wanabot or Vana Bat. It is a day of gift giving to parents and other elders or persons worthy of respect.

Many people also give gifts of charity on this day and perform acts of community service.

More sand is added to the mountain. The final day is called Loeung Sack.

On this day the monks bless the sand mountains.

This is also the day for people to wash their Buddha statues, which is thought to be a kind deed that will bring good luck and long life.

The bathing also symbolizes hope for sufficient rainfall for the rice harvest. Many people also spray water on each other in a spirit of fun.

Throughout the New Year celebration, children and adults gather to dance and play traditional games.

Many streets in Cambodia are crowded with celebrants.

The holiday often ends with a fireworks display.

The first day is called Moha Sangkran, which means “New Angel.” The tradition on this day is for families to welcome the angel who looks after the world in the coming year.

To do so, people clean their houses and themselves and prepare a feast of such traditional foods as peanut curries, noodles, and tree

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Royal Ploughing Ceremony

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he Royal Ploughing Ceremony, or ‘Bon Chroat Preah Nongkoal’ in the Khmer language, is solemnly celebrated at the beginning of the sowing and planting season.

Every year in May, this cultural ceremony takes place at the park in front of the National Museum (next to the Royal Palace). Cambodia has deep connection with earth and farming.

There is a deep astrological belief that royal oxen known in Khmer as Usapheak Reach, have an instrumental role in determining the fate of the agricultural harvest each year.

Traditionally, the King Meak, representing the king of Cambodia, ploughs the field whilst the Queen, the Preah Mehuo, sows seeds from behind.

The field is ceremoniously ploughed three times around.

The royal servants then drive the royal oxen to seven golden trays containing rice, corn, sesame seeds, beans, grass, water, and wine to feed.

The royal soothsayers interpret what the oxen have

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eaten and predict a series of events including epidemics, floods, good harvests, and excessive rainfall.

At this festival, both men and women wear brightly colored Khmer traditional costume.

For The Royal Ploughing Ceremony 2011 The Royal Ploughing Ceremony for this year 2011 was the sacrificial ceremony for five divinities, the duty of wise men, which was be held in the royal rice field in three days, from the 4th to 6th days of the waning moon of the

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sixth lunar month, falling on 21-23 May 2011.

On the 4th day of the waning moon of the sixth lunar month, falling on Saturday 21 May 2011, the Royal Ploughing Ceremony wass be officially presided over by His Majesty Preah Bat Samdech Preah Baromneath Norodom Sihamoni, King of the Kingdom of Cambodia.

During the royal ceremony, there wass an exhibition of agricultural products, agro - industrial products, forest products and by products, domestic animal products and byproducts, rubber output, tourism potential, and agro - tourism that will be held in three days, from 21-23 May 2011, in the Meru field, north of the Royal Palace in Phnom Penh.

Pchum Ben Day or All Soul Day

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chum Ben Day (Khmer: Ancestors’ Day”) is a Cambodian budisht and Brahmanism Festival, culminating in celebrations on the 15th day of the tenth month in the Khmer Calendar ( the lunar month of Pot-bot) where Cambodian pay respect to their ancentors and spirt deceased.

Pchum Ben is considered unique to Cambodia, however, there are merit - transference ceremonies that can be closely compared to it in Sri Lanka (benefitting the ghosts of the dead), and, in its broad outlines, it even resembles the Taiwanese Ghost Festival (i.e., especially in its links to the notion of a calendrical opening of the gates of hell, King Yama, and so on).

The festival present that - This is a time when the spirits of the dead ancestors walk the Earth.

And the living can ease their suffering by offering them food to eat.

According to Buddhist beliefs, the lives that we live, after death, are predicated by the actions that we took when we were living.

Minor infractions would be punished with small punishments, such as being an unattractive ghost or having a small mouth.

With a small mouth, it is hard to eat. Other, more severe, punishments could include being crippled or having no mouth at all.

During the period of the gates of hell being opened, ghosts of the dead are presumed to be especially active, and thus food - offerings are made to benefit them, some of these ghosts having the opportunity to end their period of purgation, whereas others are imagined to leave hell temporarily, to then return to endure more suffering; without much explanation, relatives who are not in hell (who are in heaven or otherwise reincarnated) are also generally imagined to benefit from the ceremonies.

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It is a very familiar festivity.

Most Cambodians go back to their birth places, joining the extended family to pay honor to their decease relatives and ancestors.

They offer also money and other gifts that are used by the bonzis either for their own maintenance (that is not too much of course) and for the poor.

Schools, offices and commerce are closed during the three main days of the festivity.

If you notice, in many pagodas there is often a small troop of orphans that are actually feeding and educated by the bonzis. Giving money to the pagodas is actually a good social action.

The deceased that are considered without living relatives, are also remembered in the pagodas.

Early morning the families prepared a special sacred food made of sticky rice.

The family goes together to the nearby pagoda and offers the food to the ancestors.

They walk around the temple three times in prayerful attitude with incense and chants.

At midday the families return to the pagoda to present more offerings that will help in cancelling your own sins and helping the poor.

The last day of the Pchum Ben is the most special, with everybody dressing in their best clothes and the family going to the pagoda with flowers and other special presents for the bonzis.

They dedicate the last prayers to their ancestors helping them in their travel through a better ‘life.’ According to the traditions, those who do not pay respect to their ancestors, will be cursed by them.

Pchum Ben festival culminating in celebrations on the 15th day of the tenth month in the Khmer Calendar

2010 date 7-9 October 2011 date 26-28 September 2012 date 14-16 September

Contact Information: www.cambodia-tourism.org

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Water Festival

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ambodian Water Festival (khmer: Bon Om Touk) has been a most important holiday for Cambodians public holiday calendar.

but for the real thing you’ll have to go to Phnom Penh to enjoy.

There has been a lot of interest by for not only beauty of Phnom Penh city, but also for boat races on the Tonle Sap and Mekong River and the carnival atmosphere ashore attract millons of people from all over the country.

Bonn Om Teuk lasts three days so that boats from near and far provinces can join the contest. During the festival, Cambodians from across the country gather in Phnom Penh, the capital, to attend and celebrate this festival.

A smaller Water Festival is also held in Siem Reap City, Angkor Wat and some provinces,

Bonn Om Teuk lasts three days so that boats from near and far provinces can join the contest.

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During the festival, Cambodians from across the country gather in Phnom Penh, the capital, to attend and celebrate this festival.

in the annual boat race, the highlight of Festival.

The Water Festival has a long history dating from the Angkor era in the 12th century, under the reign of King Preah Bat Jayvarman VII, when the Khmer Empire occupied and ruled most of the Indochinese Peninsula.

Some people arrive by buses, cars, bikes, cyclos, bicycles and even trucks.

Some people said that the celebration of the Festival is also a thanksgiving to the Mekong River for providing the country with fertile land.

Many stay over in the city during the three - day festival, lending support to their boat team.

People from all walks of life gather on the bank of the MekongRiver for days and nights.

The King battled with enemies to defend the Empire as well as to expand the territory.

Others use this opportunity to explore the sights and

Most people arrive in Phnom Penh for a visit of few days.

With a very powerful naval force, the King had defeated his enemies at each battle.

During water festival there are more than 500 boats, propelled by precision trained oarsmen, take part

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sounds of Phnom Penh – for many it is the only occasion to visit the city.

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AGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURE IN CAMBODIA 2011 he Council for the Development of Cambodia (CDC) recently approved agricultural investment projects worth more than $230 million, involving rubber, palm oil and sugar production and processing.

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has plenty of land available for agricultural concessions. From 1993 to 2009 a total of 126 companies were granted land concessions for growing crops, according to a report from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.

China’s Yellow Field International Ltd and Great Field International are planning to invest $74.6 million and $66.4 million respectively to grow sugar cane and other crops; Vietnam plans two rubber plantations and processing factories; a Malaysian company is investing in a palm oil plantation, while United States - based Horizon Agriculture Development and Singapore and Malaysia’s Mondul Agri Resources plan to invest $28.8 million and $30 million respectively to grow rubber trees.

Concessions for the period totalled 1,335,724 hectares in 16 Cambodian provinces. Cambodia is rich in farmland and hopes to attract more investment to the sector.

The country wants to develop its rice exports and therefore welcomes investors, especially those willing to work with small farmers.

In return for investments such as credit and technical assistance, farmers would be contracted to sell their crops to the investor.

For investors looking to grow and process crops, Cambodia is an ideal location as it 46

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AGRICULTURE

RICE

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urrently the world’s 15th biggest rice producer, Cambodia is targeting annual rice exports of 1 million tonnes within five years.

The country plans to raise rice production to 9 million tonnes of paddy by 2015, up from the current 7 million tonnes.

To achieve this target, Cambodia needs more foreign investment in order to construct rice mills. At present, most of the Kingdom’s rice is sent to Vietnam to be milled and re - exported.

The Royal Government has introduced a number of measures aimed at boosting the country’s rice - export capacity. It is urging local banks to provide money for rice-related business and has pledged to guarantee 50 percent of commercial bank lending to producers.

Capital at the Rural Development Bank has been

doubled to $36 million, and licence requirements for exporters are being scrapped.

Other government plans include strategies to build irrigation systems, provide technical services, land reform, financing, marketing, developing farming communities and improving institutions.

According to the Ministry of Commerce, 4,369 tonnes of milled rice was exported from January to June 2009.

But in the first half of 2010, the ministry says 107,291 tonnes of milled rice was exported –

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an increase of 2,356 percent.

This represents a value of $13.438 million, up from $2.193 million in 2009.

Prior to the Pol Pot era, Cambodia produced 500,000 imperial tons of rice in excess of domestic demand.

Total paddy production was 2.38 million tons, which represented 1.1 percent of world paddy production. But as a result of the civil war, Cambodia was left unable to produce enough rice to even feed its own people. Not until 1995 did the country achieve self - sufficiency once again.

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AGRICULTURE

Seladamex expects to export another 200 tonnes of raw cotton and 400 tonnes of seed to these countries throughout 2010. The cotton plant is capable of processing 15 tonnes a day with an overall plant capacity of around 5,475 tonnes per year.

COTTON

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rom its $2 million cotton plant in Battambang province, Seladamex Co. Ltd exported its first 100 tonnes of unprocessed cotton and 360 tonnes of cotton seed in May 2010.

P EPPER

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n 2009 half of the year’s total Kampot pepper output of 14 tonnes remained unsold by year end. But since gaining Geographical Indicator (GI) status early in 2010, stocks sold out within months of being officially registered.

According to World Trade Organisation guidelines, GI

48

The company is encouraging local farmers to grow cotton by providing a guaranteed purchase price and free cotton seeds to the farmers.

The company shipped 50 tonnes of unprocessed cotton to Vietnam, 40 tonnes to China and 10 tonnes to Japan, while all of the seed went to Vietnam. The raw cotton sold for $2,200 per tonne, and the seed $250.

Cotton-growing had almost ground to a halt in Cambodia, killed off by low prices, difficulty in finding buyers, insects, and Pol Pot. Prior to 1975 the industry thrived with thousands of hectares harvested each year.

strictly regulates every aspect of a product’s properties to assure both its high quality and regional distinctiveness.

province. Only 10 tonnes met the GI quality standard, of which around 6 tonnes were exported abroad.

Prior to receiving GI status, Kampot pepper sold for around $3 per kilo, but this has now risen to $5.75 per kilo.

Around 17 tonnes of pepper was produced in the 2010 season on 9.75 hectares of farmland in Kampot

In the 1930s almost all of the pepper consumed in France came from Indochina.

Kampot pepper in particular was of exceptional quality and rapidly became ‘the spice of choice for French restaurants’.

JANUARY - MARCH , 2012

AGRICULTURE

SUGAR

I

n June 2010 Cambodia sent 10,000 tonnes of raw sugar to the United Kingdom ― the Kingdom’s first shipment of sugar to an overseas market in over 40 years.

It was exported by Koh Kong Sugar Industry whose plant opened for operation in January 2010.

The company says it expects to harvest between 200,000 and 250,000 tonnes of sugarcane in 2010 and plans to increase its export volume to between 20,000 tonnes and 25,000 tonnes of raw sugar to Europe’s markets in 2011.

The plant has the capacity to crush 700,000 tonnes of cane per year, with an expected raw sugar output of about 70,000 tonnes of sugar per year.

Koh Kong Sugar Industry is a $60 million joint venture

between three partners – Thai investor Khon Kaen Sugar Industry Public Ltd holds 50 percent, Taiwanese investor Vewong Corporation holds 30 percent, and Cambodian investor Ly Yong Phat holds 20 percent.

security, employment and family income generation.

In consequence, agricultural surplus were produced, especially rice for domestic consumption and export.

Overview of Agricultural Sector of Cambodia 2011

S

ince the nineties, the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) has subsequently set out and actively implemented its strategies and national development plans focusing on

the promotion of agriculture and rural development basis topoverty alleviation for the people through the enhancement of agricultural productivity in ensuring food

JANUARY - MARCH , 2012

Due focus was given to implement the RGC policy, especially in carrying out the Agricultural Strategic Development Plan (ASDP) 2009 - 2013 in line with the NSDP as well as Rectangular Strategy - II. Year 2010 was the 3rd year of implementing Rectangular Strategy - II of the RGC for the 4th Legislature of the National Assembly under the guidelines of policies set forth by the Prime Minister.

49

AGRICULTURE

The agricultural sector remains the main contributor of national economic growth. The promotion of agricultural productivity and diversification, land reform and land mine clearing, and fisheries and forestry structural reforms are the core contributors to economic growth and poverty reduction for the Royal Government of Cambodia.

The relevant line ministries and institutions, with technical assistance from development partners, strived to change the farmers’ mindset towards modern agricultural practice, and started to produce encouraging improvements despite several challenging conditions such as drought.

Throughout the crop season of 2010-2011, MAFF (Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries) promoted several forms of agricultural production, especially for strategic crops, namely rice, rubber and other commercial and cash crops, animal husbandry and fisheries,and harvests produced surplus meeting both domestic demand and availability for export for several commodities despite global food shortage.

Progress made in the agricultural sector certainly defined an improvement in poverty alleviation for the RGC as well as increasing GDP with stabilization of the national macro - economy.

The RGC had also made

50

substantial improvement in land use management and distribution including prevention of illegal land encroachment.

Under the SAW (Strategy for Agriculture & Water), the RGC intensified collaboration with development partners to boost agricultural productivity, ensure food security and better quality of products for domestic and overseas markets.

It is also noted that management of government institutions has gradually improved through the implementation of reform programs and good governance.

Because of the potential and the importance of agricultural sector, the private sector, both

JANUARY - MARCH , 2012

local and foreign, has step forth to increase investment this sector.

Rice crop increased by 8.6% from last year while agricultural extension services have been actively expanded to provide better technical know-how to the farmers.

Following last years launching of the RGC’s Rice Policy, MAFF has moved forward in taking due measures to achieve the target set forth.

Forecast 2011 rice crop is so far the utmost best performance of Cambodia and the country looks forward to striving to become gradually an important player in global rice export.

AGRICULTURE

standards of the Cambodian people especially base focused on “improve productivities and agricultural decentralization” and “Agri-business” to ensure sustainable natural resource management.

Agricultural policy of Royal Government of Cambodia is to concentrate on agriculture sector improvement to become the first sector that can be additional source of economic growth and be the important part of poverty reduction.

RICE MILLER

In this vision RGC will raise more source to implement three-pronged strategy — productivity enhancement, diversification and agricultural commercialization (from subsistence to commercial agriculture) — through implementing a package

of interrelated measures: infrastructure building and enhancement (roads, irrigations, energy / electricity and information and communication technologies, loan, market, improvement in the provision of extension services and agricultural inputs).

Those will ensure economic growth job opportunity and income generation at rural areas and food security for people and improve agricultural product for export.

Production and agricultural product especially paddy rice and milled rice are, however, facing more challenges that should be solved immediately and follow the short term to long term strategies to achieved the vision and strategy of the RGC.

T

he Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) has made a strong commitment to ensure further implementation of the Rectangular Strategy-Phase II, following successful efforts to lead the Cambodian economy out of the most difficult time of recent global financial crisis and economic downturn.

To this end, the RGC has embarked in earnest on promoting the development of the agriculture sector, with emphasis on a new pace and scale with the aim at further strengthening the foundation for economic growth, accelerating poverty reduction, as well as improving the living JANUARY - MARCH , 2012

51

AGRICULTURE

52

OCTOBER - DECEMBER, 2011

APPENDIX III: PROJECTION OF CAMBODIA PADDY RICE PRODUCTION TO 2015 Post - harvest assumption: • Paddy to rice conversion ratio: 64% • Seed and post-harvest loss: 13% of total production • Per capita rice consumption: 143 kg • Population growth rate: 1.5 %

Production assumption: • Cultivated area for wet season paddy rice: Total arable land for wet season paddy rice was estimated to be 2.4 hectares in 2009, of which cultivated area (plowed and planted) and double cropping (twice per year round) represents 93.5% and r4% respectively . We assume that cultivated areas could be maintained around 93% and could reach 95% in 2015. As the cultivated areas are subject to weather conditions and farmers’ responses, we assume that double-cropping area could increase gradually from 4.2% to 5% in 2015 thanks to an increase in investment in irrigation system.

• Cultivated area for dry season paddy rice: The cultivated areas for dry season paddy rice expanded to 385,000 hectares in 2009. With additional investment in irrigation systems, the land area for dry season rice could be further expanded to 480,000 hectares by 2015. The contraction in cultivated areas in 2010 was attributed to demolition of water reservoirs within the Tonle Sap area.

• Increase in yields: Historical data of the last ten years shows the yield of wet and dry season paddy rice grew annually at an average of 4.42% and 7.28% respectively.

However, , growth rate of both yields is expected to diminish in the future with the assumption of a 3% annual increase for wet season paddy rice yield and reaching its peak at 3 tons per hectare, and a 7.28% annual increase for dry season paddy rice yield and reaching its peak at 5.5 tons per hectare.

• Production loss: A decade-long data shows an average annual loss of wet season paddy rice and dry season paddy rice at 10% and 5% respectively due to weather conditions and destruction by grass hoppers.

Projection of Paddy Rice Production in Cambodia 2010-2015

OCTOBER - DECEMBER, 2011

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Ease of Doing Business in Cambodia

T

his page shows summary Doing Business 2011 data for Cambodia. The first table lists the overall “Ease of Doing Business� rank (out of 183 economies) and the rankings by each topic. The rest of the tables summarize the key indicators for each topic and benchmark against regional and high-income economy (OECD) averages.

Economy Overview Region

East Asia & Pacific

Income Category

Low income

Population

14,805,358

Doing Business 2011 Rank

Doing Business 2010 Rank

Change in Rank down

147

145

-2

GNI Per Capita (US$) 650.00

Topic Rankings

54

DB 2011 Rank

DB 2010 Rank

Change in Rank

Starting a Business

170

172

up 2

Dealing with Construction Permits

146

146

No change

Registering Property

117

120

up 3

Getting Credit

89

87

up -2

Protecting Investors

74

73

up -1

Paying Taxes

57

58

up 1

Trading Across Borders

118

126

up 8

Enforcing Contracts

142

140

up -2

Closing a Business

183

183

No change

JANUARY - MARCH , 2012

Starting a Business

T

he challenges of launching a business are shown below. Included are: the number of steps entrepreneurs can expect to go through to launch, the time it takes on average, and the cost and minimum capital required as a percentage of gross national income (GNI) per capita.

Indicator

Cambodia

East Asia & Pacific

OECD

Procedures (number)

9

7.8

5.6

Time (days)

85

39.0

13.8

Cost (% of income per capita)

128.3

27.1

5.3

Paid-in Min. Capital (% of income per capita)

37.0

50.6

15.3

Procedure

No.

Time to Complete

Associated Costs

1 Deposit the legally required initial capital in a bank and obtain deposit evidence.

1 day

no charge

2 Check the uniqueness of the company name

5 days

USD 10

3

Have an abstract of the company organization documents (bylaws, memorandum, and articles of association) published in a recognized public newspaper

7 days

USD 15

4

Incorporate the company with the Commercial Register, maintained at the OďŹƒce of the Clerk of the Commercial Court

25 days

USD 105

1 day

USD 15

3 days

USD 49

7 Register the company for VAT and patent at the Real Regime Tax OďŹƒce

13 days

USD 390

8 Notify the Ministry of Labor of the start of operations and hiring of employees

30 days

USD 250 (8-200 employees)

1 day included in procedure 8

Included in Procedure 8

5 Make a company seal 6

Have registration documents stamped and approved by Phnom Penh Tax Department

* 9 Receive inspection from Labor Inspector * Takes place simultaneously with another procedure.

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Camb dia Insight

Digital Magazine

Siem Reap Map

N

E

S

Airport

Wat Preah An Kau Sai

kor of Ang emple T e h t to Route

W

Wat Preah An Kau Sai Wat Po Lanka Golden Orange

Royal Independence Wat Gardens Kesararam Preah Ang Chek Preah Ang Chorm National Road No 6Shrine

Road

Royal Residence Taphul Road

Angkor Palace Resort

Taphul Village Area

Old French Shinta Mani Quarter

Sivatha Blvd

De Silk

Mean Acha

Hotel De La Paix Vong Tep dech

Sam

Wat Bo Area

Oum Khun Street

et

Stre

Wat Bo

et

Stre

Phsar Kandal (Center Market)

Provincial Hospital

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ATM

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Wat Preah Prom Rath

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DAMNAK Camb dia Insight AREA JANUARY - MARCH , 2012 Ta Phrom Hotel

Damnak

Digital Magazine

58

Siem Reap City Map (Town Center)

CorporateMarketing Integrated Marketing Strategies

Restaurant & Bar

Shopping / Boutique

Tour/Travel Agent

Spa / Massage

Jayavarman VII Hospital Borei Speak Neak Inn (Performances by Beatocello) H

Hotel with restaurant

Bank / ATM

Sofitel Royal Angkor (Couleurs d’Asie Located Inside)

Other

Pagoda

0

50m

100m

150m

Tara Angkor Asia Craft Centre(ACC) Online D’mouj

E S

200m

250m

Cathelic Church Golden Orange Angkor Discover Inn

Sivatha Blvd

Taphul Road

Lucky Mall (Lucky Supermarket lucky Department, Store, Monument Toys...)

SBC

Prince d’Angkor

Kazna Hotel

Street 05

Cambodian Red Cross/ Angkor Panaorama

Helistar

Street 21

La Résidence of Angkor

Wat Bo Area Wat Bo Road

ACLEDA

Achar Sva Street

Curry Walla 1

14 Street

Nest Mekong Bank

Mekong Angkor Palace

European New Apsara Guesthouse Market Peace of MotherHome Guest House Angkor Tours Home Sweet Home GH Two Dragons

Home Cocktail Angkor World Travel Claremont Angkor and Street 20 East India Curry

Siem Reap River

hello point

Oum Chhay Street

Tany Khmer Family Kitchen

Paris Saigon Vong Street Samdach Tep

Viroth’s Restaurant

Wat Bo

Angkor Hospital Angkor Rivieara Hotel/Gingkgo Spa ANZ Royal Bank Charming Cambodia for Children Adidas Tours Common Grounds UCB Selantra Pich Reamker Asian Trails Central Boutique Frangipani Spa Street 22 Good Nah Hotel de la Paix Angkor ng Street Vo Tep Terre Cambodge Le Café The Villa Siem Reap Ivy Senhoa Nail Spa Samdach City River Hotel Phsar Guesthouse The Emerald Lotus Kandal Street 23 Boutique Hotel (Center Viroth’s Hotel MPA Naga Guesthouse Market) Bopha Angkor Soria Moria it Stands King AngkorVilla SBC Phnom Penh Fresh Fru Street 24 Sorya Transport Hong Kong Restaurant Canadia PROVINCIAL Shadow of Angkor II Happy 2 thHerb Pizza HOSPITAL Tany Family Lodge Wat Preah nou Street 25 Intra Co. Stre Prom Rath et Happy Special Pizza Relax Massage Khmer Butterflies Gardent Vattanac Bank Home Cocktail Happy Angkor Pizza Street 26 Blue 7 Massage Dead Fish Tower Bodia Spa Tell Restaurant U-Care Maharajah Singing Tree 7 Girls Khmer Massage Be VIP Khmer Massage Tourex Asia Café Brickhouse Bar Little Traditional Happy Angkor Pizza Pumpkin Banana Leaf India Kokoon/Blue Movie Mall Angkor Candles Angkor Trade Center Temple Club/Balcony Traditonal Curry CAB Bank Angkor Street 27 Island Massage Viva Khmer (Pizza Co., Swensens) Rajana Cambodian Walla 2 Night ViVa Khmer Family Champey Senteurs Shadow of Angkor BBG Market d’Angkor Le Grand Red Piano Rehab Craft Chamkar Amok Mekong Guilts Les Orientalistes Body Tune Massage McDermott Gallery Neak Garden Village Sao Mao Aha Krorhorm Kampuccino Guesthouse Molly Malone’s Cherry Blossom Boutique Baca Villa Sala Bai

Zone One Salina Hotel

Sam Veasna Center

Apsara Theater Angkor Village

St r

M O eet 9 A LD R K E T

St re et

8

St re et

7

Old Market Area

Leu Phsar Thom Thmey

Not to Scale Mom’s Guesthouse

Pokambor AV

Royal Day Camintel Inn Angkor POST Casa Angkor Resort OFFICE Oum Khun Street L’Escale des Shinta Mani Arts et des Sens

Angkor Market Master Suki Soup

Green Garden Home

Angie’s Villa

Yaklom Lodge & Sawasdee Food Garden

MC Dermott Gallery Red Gallery Visaya Spa FCC Angkor

Street 03

Not to Scale

La Noria Hotel and Restaurant

Park and Promenade

Old French Quarter

Obriot Gallery

Golden Mango Inn (150 meters) Dara Reang Sey Hotel (350 meters) Bus Station (800 meters) Roluos Group (12km) Phum Stoeng Trocheat (13km) Phnom Penh (314km) Reaksmey Star Travel/CTV Phsar Samaki Freedom Hotel

Angkor Wat in Miniature (Artist Dy Proeung) Borann I’Auberge des Temples

Royal Residence

Ya-Tep Shrine

Street 02

Khmer Inn Angkor

Taphul Village Area

gkor

Caltex Ta Som Guesthouse

Mysteres d’Angkor

Wat Po Lanka

Angkoriana Hotel Tonle Chaktomuk and Chaopraya Coffee Tourism Department

f An

Royal Independence Preah Ang Chek Gardens Preah Ang Chorm Shrine

Victoria Angkor Angkor Shopping Center National Route No 6 Panida CAB Bank

Airport Road

Jasmine Lodge

ple o

Wat Kesararam

Bou Savy Guesthouse

e tem

Angkor TK

Wat Preah An Kau Sai

Suki BBQ

to th

Jasmine Lodge

Wat Preah An Kau Sai

River Village Manor Morokat Mart & Coffee Shop The Emerald Lotus Boutique

Road

The Museum Mall (Monument Books) Angkor M National Museum Raffles Grand Hotel d’Angkor

La Villa Mona d’Angkor Shining Angkor Boutique

Dragon Royal 7 Makara ECU (Office)

Royal Yoga Madamsachiko: Angkor Cookies & Café Puka Puka

Not to scales

N W

Hidden Cambodia Adventure (workshop)

Not to Scale

Angkor Village Resort

Hidden Cambodia Adventure Tours(office)

Le Méridien

g

WAT

Ta

Peace of Angkor Palm Garden Lodge

Artisans d’Angkor Ancient Angkor Inn Tanei Questhouse Angkor Trek Tour

DAMNAK AREA

Golden Banana IKTT Five Star Villa Siem Reap Reverside (50 meters) Sayon’s House (300 meters)

Wats Up Golden Banana Boutique Resort

Green Village Palace

or t Phnom Dei

Phokeethra Country Club (5km Past Baray) National Silk Center (16km from town) Dragon Rayal City - Puok Dragon Royal City - Kralanh

Phnom Bok

Wat Bakong Loley Prasat Preah KoPrasat Prei Mont

Prasat Banteay Samrae

Prasat Banteay Srey

1 km.

Prasat Touch Prei Prasat

Eastern Baray (dried up)

N

S E

Prasat Dounso

Reaksmey Crystal

GSO Travel Senteur d’Angkor (workshop)

First Travel Reasmey Tep Pranom Diethelm Apsara Angkor New Market Angkor Total

Khiri Travel

Kroi koPrasat Prey Neakpean

66 A

Prasat Ta Ney

Te m Ar p ea le

Dragon Royal Hotel

Healthy Hand Massage The One Massage Bangkok Airways Angkor Home

Tram Neak

Banteay Kdei 66 B

Prasat Ta Prum

Prasat Takaeo Thommanon Chao Say Tepda

Prasat Banteay Prei

The Sothea

Earthwalkers

Prasat Toep

Angkor Oasis Vietnam Airlines

S W

6

Kuk Talech

Prasat Kravan

Royal Angkor Resort Empress Angkor

Angkor Palace Resort & Spa

67 Prasat Leak Neang

E

N

Prasat Prey Roup Prasat Ta Som Eastern Mebon Prasat Bat Chum

Pacific Hotel Royal Angkor Inn Hospital

Angkor Miracle Resort & Spa

Prasat Kamnap

Preah Enteak Kosei

Prasat Prey Khan Kraol Romeas Angkor Thom Bayon

Angkor Wat

66 A

Nokor Krau

Phimeanakas

Prasat Banteay Thum

SIEM REAP

Ta Prohm Ke Prasat Baksei Cham Krong Baphuon

To To

Phnom Bakheng Prasat Reaob Kanda

nle S a

p La

ke

63

Prasat Prey

Cambodia Angkor Air

Prasat Patri

Prasat Kraom Prasat Ta Noreay Siem Reap Airport Western Mebon

Prasat Prel Wat Chedei

Prasat Kaoh Ho Western Baray Pralay

Abacus ACLEDA

Prasat Kouk Pou

Prasat Ak Yum

Prasat Phnom Rung

The Kool Hotel

6

To Po ip

Angkor TK

et

W

To Ph nom Kule n/Kb al Sp ean

Ecole d’Hotellerie at de Tourisme Paul Dubrule/ Le Jardin des Délices

Cambodian Cultural Village

Prasat Ou Koek

To Phno m Penh

p Air

Mandalay Inn Divine Lotus Inn Angkor Friendship Inn Angkor Spirit Palace

Siem Reap Hospital

Alliance Café

Passaggio Boutique Hotel

Wat Damnak

Pr o H hm ot el

Sawasdee Angkor Inn

250 m. 500 m.

Old Market Bridge

E M van ar s ke tin

Stre Wanderlust V & A Encore Angkor Neng Sinath Europe-Asia Tours/ et 10 Tattoo Machine Massage Sok San Red Piano Khmer Taste StreAmary Golden Guesthouse et 1 TNT India Gate Temple 1 Terrasse des Villa Elephants

Airport Road National Route #6 between town center and the Siem Reap International Airport

JANUARY - MARCH , 2012

59

Multi - Cultural Integrated Solutions PROMOTIONS, EVENTS

TRAVEL, TOURS AND TICKETING

PUBLIC RELATIONS PUBLISHING

INCENTIVE MARKETING E - MARKETING

STRATEGY CONSULTANTS

INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA MARKETING Wat at Da D Damnak mn Vi mna Village, Villa V age e, 045 e, 04 0453 4 Sala Kam Commune, am m Reuk euukk Com Commu Comm Commun Commune om ,G Grroup 4 Group Siem Angkor 17000 em m Reap - A Angk Ang Angko 170 17 7000 7000 Kingdom of o Cambodia bodia dia di

Camb dia Business Investment

TTe : + Tel +855 (0) 63.969.200 T F:+ T/ T/F +855 (0) 63.969.201 H/P //P : +855 (0) 17.906.721 Charles@CorporateMarketingIntl.com Charles@C l @ CorporateMarketingIntl.com C Co Corp SkalCambodia.org

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BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES

WHEN BUYING OR SELLING A BUSINESS IN CAMBODIA Tel : +855 (0) 63.969.200 H/P : +855 (0) 17.906.721 T/F : +855 (0) 63.969.201 Charles@CorporateMarketingIntl.com www. CambodiaBusinessInvestment.com

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