Cervical Cancer Awareness Month CERVICAL CANCER AWARENESS MONTH IS COMMEMORATED ANNUALLY IN SEPTEMBER TO ENCOURAGE WOMEN TO DO SCREENING AND PREVENT CERVICAL CANCER.
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ervical cancer is the 2nd most common cancer among South African women. Women have a 1 in 35 lifetime risk of cervical cancer. It can be successfully treated if detected in the early stages, so it is important that women are aware of symptoms and what is normal for their bodies. Symptoms include: abnormal bleeding between periods, heavier and longer menstrual period, vaginal discharge, vaginal bleeding or pain during intercourse/ after menopause, increased urinary frequency. Risk factors: Cervical cancer is mainly caused by the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), a common virus spread through skin to skin contact, body fluids and sexual intercourse. Failure to use protection during sexual intercourse, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), multiple sexual partners, early sexual debut, and use of oral contracep-
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tives increases risk. Women with HIV infection also have a higher risk of developing cervical cancer. Furthermore, being overweight, inactive, consuming alcohol, poor dietary habits, smoking and exposure to chemicals increases risk. Reduce Risk Through Pap smears Having regular Pap smears can detect abnormal cells in the cervix (lower part or mouth of the womb), that could develop into cervical cancer. Screening involves taking a swab of the cervical cells. It is uncomfortable, but painless. When abnormal cells are identified and
removed, in many cases it is prior to cancer cells actually developing. Early diagnosis and treatment of pre-cancerous lesions prevents up to 80% of cervical cancers, in high resource countries, where cervical cancer screening is routine. Who should have a Pap smear? • all women who have been sexually active, should start having Pap smears between ages 18 to 20 years • every eligible woman should preferably have a Pap smear at least every 3 years Note: • It is better to have a Pap smear at a less optimal time, than not at all • Routine cervical screening is not required for women under the age of 18 years, even if they are sexually active • If a woman is 70 years old and, within the last 5 years, had two normal Pap Smears, she need not continue with Pap smears Visit www.cansa.org.za for more information.
