2028 Applicant Summary

SUMMARY OF APPLICANT CITIES

Applicant City proposals for the 2028 Olympic Summer Games

Summary of Applicant City Proposals

Proposed Dates The Applicant Cities have provided the envisaged dates for the staging of the Olympic Games, should they be selected to host in 2028. Please note that the dates constitute a factor in the decision to award the Games, but are to be assessed within the context of the overall plan presented by the city in question.

In other words, if a plan is plausible, then arrangements can be made to accommodate for a Summer Olympics in a non-traditional date range, as seen in Mexico City 1968 or Sydney 2000.

Cape Town Copenhagen Melbourne New York City Sapporo Toronto

End of September 2028-Beginning of November 2028 27 July-13 August 2028 22 September-8 October 2028 28 July-13 August 2028 1-21 July 2028 21 July-4 August 2028

Climate The climate of a city matters to the hosting of a Games. Besides precipitation, hours of sunshine, and wind speeds, temperatures play an important role in the overall experience of the athletes; Cape Town Copenhagen Melbourne New York City Sapporo Toronto

25°-30°C 20°-22°C 18.4°C 28°C 27°C 20°-25°C

Rationale for the Bid Every city has a unique reason or set of reasons to compete for the honour of hosting the Olympic Games. Below, a summary of the reasons given by the cities themselves.

Cape Town Illustration of Africa’s growth and progress; passionate about sport and creating hope through it; extensive experience with hosting international sporting events Copenhagen The Green Games; excellent organization of sporting events; great interest in sport; great infrastructure Melbourne Sending a message of modernity and sustainability; environment-friendly Games with venues that will benefit the local communities New York City City of permanent change; the world in one city; NYC as microcosm of US Sapporo Sustainable Olympics; building on Sapporo’s Winter legacy to turn it into a year-round sporting destination Toronto Sustainable Games that will inspire the world; a model for future Olympics

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Summary of Applicant City Proposals

Proposed Venues The following is a summary of the venue plans proposed by the Applicant Cities; please note that given that this is the Applicant City Phase, the proposed location and type of venues is subject to change in the Candidate City Phase.

Cape Town: Population: 3.74 million; Olympic Park to be built in the vicinity of Cape Town Stadium, located 3 km from the city centre. Plan for Games “in the heart of the city�. Preliminary plan calls for 3 clusters;

Copenhagen: Population: 1.2 million; Two Olympic Villages in Copenhagen and Malmo; Construction of new Olympic Stadium near the Copenhagen Olympic Village and Aquatic Centre (all of which will be in the mediate vicinity of Copenhagen International Airport); three clusters in Copenhagen and one cluster in Malmo, with some events held across the cities; Travel time between two Olympic Villages to only take 20 minutes by train; most venues already exist;

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Summary of Applicant City Proposals

Melbourne: Population: 4.4 million; Most venues already exist in Melbourne; notable new construction would be for Olympic Swimming Centre, Olympic Community Centre, Olympic Velodrome and Victoria Rowing/Kayaking Centre; new Olympic Park (90 hectares) to regenerate Fisherman’s Bend area of Melbourne; Aims to create 40,000 new jobs and 80,000 inhabitants postGames; Venue plan calls for 4 clusters based around major parks in Melbourne (including the Olympic Park); venues to be located in a 6 km radius around the Olympic Village in Fisherman’s Bend.

New York City: Population: 8.4 million; Olympic Village to be located across the East River; high-speed ferries to transport athletes to their competition venues; NYC2028 proposes the iconic backdrop of the city for several competitions like triathlon, kayaking, basketball, beach volleyball and rowing; Olympic Park in Queens borough to lead to regeneration of Sunnyside Rail Yard area; New construction sites will include the Olympic Stadium and a new Aquatic Centre; 4 clusters in the NYC2028 venue plan.

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Summary of Applicant City Proposals

Sapporo: Population: 1.9 million; Proposal calls for sports to be located all across the city, as part of an Olympic Ring; emphasis on existing and temporary venues; Sapporo 2028 proposes using venues from 1972 Olympic Winter Games; Sapporo Dome to be split into two distinct arenas; Three further clusters in Otaru (where all aquatic sports will be located), Hakodate and Tomakomai; Okurayama Ski Stadium to host open-air basketball, marathon and road races.

Toronto: Population: 5.5 million; Proposal calls for three clusters in downtown Toronto and at the waterfront of Lake Ontario; Olympic Park and Olympic Village to be constructed at the waterfront;

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Summary of Applicant City Proposals

Transportation Making the experience of visiting and moving between the Olympic competition venues is central to the overall experience of visitors to the Olympic Games. Whether it’s airports or rapid transit, Olympic Cities must provide the right standards for staging the Games.

CAPE TOWN Airport: Cape Town proposes Cape Town International Airport as the aviation hub for the 2028 Olympic Games. The airport is located 20km away from the city centre and the proposed Olympic Park.

Having been expanded and renovated in preparation for the 2010 FIFA World Cup, the airport handled 8.5 million passengers in 2012 (with an estimated overall capacity of 15 million). There are connections to the local BRT network, with a rail connection having been planned as well.

Cape Town Airport

Rail and Public Transport: Cape Town itself is served by several and regional railway lines. Cruise ship accommodation is envisaged as well.

Additionally, Cape Town is the origin of three national highway routes. Cape Town 2028 also envisages the strategic placement of competition venues within walkable distance to at least one mode of public transportation. The bid committee is also contemplating offering free public transport to Olympics visitors.

COPENHAGEN/MALMØ Airport: Copenhagen International Airport is located 8 km away from Copenhagen city centre and around 22 km from downtown Malmo. With 25.6 million passengers, it is the busiest airport in Scandinavia. The airport has a stop connecting it to the Copenhagen metro network. In 2014, the airport’s owners announced plans to increase the capacity of the airport to 40 million passengers.

Rail and Public Transport: The joint Copenhagen/Malmo bid pledges to stage “Green Games” in Sweden and Denmark. There The departures hall of Copenhagen Airport already exists a wide suburban rail network, regional train lines as well as trains servicing international destinations. An expansion of the light-rail network is planned upon the award of the Olympic Games to Copenhagen. Moreover, all public transportation within 100 km of the Olympic Cities is to be made free during the entire period of the Olympic Games. In certain areas outside of Copenhagen and Malmo, “Park and Ride” spaces will be created – enabling ticketholders to park their cars and then embark on a train to the Olympic venues. A detailed map has been promised by Copenhagen/Malmo 2028 for the Candidate City Phase.

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Summary of Applicant City Proposals

MELBOURNE

Airport: Melbourne is served by Melbourne International Airport, located approximately 23 km from the city centre. It’s the third-busiest airport in the Asia/Pacific region with 31 million passengers in 2012/2013. It is linked to the city centre via an airport shuttle service, with departures every 10 minutes between 06:00 and 23:30. The airport is served by five other bus lines. A railway link from the northern Melbourne suburbs to the airport has been discussed, but little progress made.

Rail and Public Transport: The city boasts the longest freeway network in Australia. With 245 km of tracks, the Melbourne tram system is the most extensive urban tram system in the world. Further, Melbourne can also call upon the services of the suburban rail network with a total of 16 lines.

Renovations and expansions are currently scheduled and may very well be completed by the time Melbourne would host the Olympic Games. Melbourne 2028 promises to locate each venue cluster near at least one railway station.

NEW YORK CITY Airport: The city has access to three major airports, namely John F. Kennedy International Airport, LaGuardia Airport and Newark Liberty International Airport. In 2012, 109 million passengers used the New York City airports, with the city’s airspace the busiest in the entire United States. Whereas JFK (19 km) is connected via rail and bus, LaGuardia (12 km) is primarily accessible via buses and Newark (23.8 km) from Manhattan. Public transport: The city’s subway system consists of 34 underground lines, covering 1,056 km of revenue track across New York City. It also is the world’s seventh-busiest rapid transit system and is open for 24 hours, 7 days a week. The NYC 2028 wishes to make extensive use of buses, ferries and taxis as well. Private ferries will be offered for use by athletes and officials wishing to get to the competition venues.

JFK International Airport

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Summary of Applicant City Proposals SAPPORO Airport: The Sapporo 2028 Committee proposes the use of the New Chitose and Ishikari airports (which will be elevated in status to an international airport), whilst also pledging the upgrade of the former Chitose Air Force base to a dedicated VIP, Athlete and Olympic Cargo Terminal. The New Chitose Airport is the third-busiest in Japan and welcomed approximately 16 million passengers in 2007. It will have been upgraded to 24 gates by 2017. Further, the air route between New Chitose and TokyoHaneda is one of the busiest in Japan. Rapid trains from/to Sapporo station take around 35-40 minutes and currently cost $8.75. In the event of the Olympic Games being awarded to Sapporo, planned extensions are to boost the airport’s capacity to 22 million passengers.

Rail and Public Transport: On the ground Sapporo is served by an integrated subway-bus system as well as a recently completed light rail. Both airports are linked by train and road to the city centre.

During the Olympic Games, these services will operate on a 24/7 basis and will be integrated with the satellite sites in Hakodate, Tomakomai and Otaru. All ticket holders – even those attending events at the satellite sites – will benefit from complimentary all-day public transport access. Finally, the city has already effected a car-pooling incentivization programme to reduce congestion further.

TORONTO

Lester B. Pearson International Airport in Toronto

Airport: Toronto is served by Lester B. Pearson International Airport, located 22.5 km northwest of the city centre. In 2013, it handled around 36 million passengers and is a major North American gateway to the rest of the world. Besides being accessible via Highways 427 and 409, several bus services, shuttles and taxis serve the airport. Further, on the occasion of the 2015 Pan-American Games to be held in the city, Pearson Airport will become the terminus/starting point of the Union Pearson Express to downtown Toronto – it is projected to be completed by this spring.

Rail and Public Transport: The Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) operates buses, rapid transit, streetcars. The rapid transit network covers 69 km of track, with extensions and new lines encompassing an additional 36 km (independent of the award of the Olympic Games) to be ready by 2023 at the latest.

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