ARCH 2130 PRECEDENT STUDIES TASK 1A
PRECEDENT STUDIES SPATIAL TYPOLOGIES
BY FARAHIM, TAN YAN JIE AND SYAZA
ARCH 2130 PRECEDENT STUDIES TASK 1A
SPATIAL TYPOLOGIES
LINEAR ORGANIZATION
PRE MODERN & CONTEMPORARY BUILDING
JEWISH MUSEUM BERLIN BY DANIEL LIBESKIND
PRECEDENT STUDIES ON LINEAR ORGANIZATION
Location: Architect: Function: Constructed Year: Area: Style:
Berlin, Germany Daniel Libeskind Museum 1992 - 1999 15,000 SQM Contemporary
INTENT
Express feeling of absence, emptiness and invisibility- expressions of disappearance of Jewish culture.
ACTION
Site Plan
Implementation of a radical, formal design as a conceptually expressive tool to represent the Jewish lifestyle before, during and after the holocaust.
Jewish Museum, Berlin is the one of the largest Jewish Museum in Europe. It is a reflection of the consistent Jewish presence in Berlin’s past, present and future. The journey along the museum gives the visitors a strong understanding on Jewish struggle during the past days. Building Form Outline
Elevation
CONTEMPORARY
PRECEDENT STUDIES ON LINEAR ORGANIZATION
HIGHLIGHTED ARE SHOWS THE CONNECTION BETWEEN OLD MUSEUM AND THE NEW ONE
IDEA
The form is abstracted Jewish star of david that is stretched around the site and context. The zig- zag form created by Daniel Libeskind through a process of connecting lines between location of the historical event.
DESIGN PROCESS
Combination of organic and sophisticated drastic angles, strong geometries and seamless transition between spaces are implied.
Stretching
Stretching
Cutting
Rotate
Squeeze
Distort and fold
3D FORM
PRECEDENT STUDIES ON LINEAR ORGANIZATION
FIRST FLOOR
BASEMENT PLAN
GROUND FLOOR
OLD BUILDING
NEW BUILDING
OLD BUILDING SPECIAL EXHIBITION LEVEL 2 START OF PERMANENT EXHIBITION LEVEL 1 END OF PERMANENT EXHIBITION GROUND LEVEL MEMORY VOID ERIC F ROSS GALLERY
ENTRANCE GARDEN OF EXILE HOLOCAUST TOWER
HUMAN CIRCULATION FROM THE OLD BUILDING TO THE NEW BUILDING
LOWER LEVEL RAFAEL ROTH LEARNING CENTER
PRECEDENT STUDIES ON LINEAR ORGANIZATION
EXTERIOR The building is covered with Titanium Zinc Skin, with narrow windows create an apparently casual pattern which also based on the Berlin old map.
MATERIAL
The interior is made of mostly with reinforced concrete which reinforces the moment of dead ends and empty spaces where only little light entering the spaces.
INTERIOR
PRECEDENT STUDIES ON LINEAR ORGANIZATION
SPATIAL ORGANIZATION (LINEAR)
A linear organization consists essentially of a series of spaces. Because of their characteristic length, linear organizations express a direction and signify movement, extension, and growth.
The Jewish Museum is the best example that illustrates that the linear circulation need not to be straight or symmetrical. The spaces are directly related to one another and linked through a linear space.
SPATIAL EXPERIENCE A Void cuts through the zigzagging plan of the new building and creates a space that embodies absence. Voids are created to let visitors feel trapped and fear with the cold concrete walls rising 60 feet above your head. It is a straight line whose impenetrability becomes the central focus around which exhibitions are organized.
Entrance
PRECEDENT STUDIES ON LINEAR ORGANIZATION
ES 6
- Passing through the narrow and dark path
ES 1
ES 3
ES 2
- Intertwined history of Berlin & Jews
ES 5
- Natural lights pass through the window, develop a sense of hope - Direction to a sense of hope
ES 4
- Long staircase emphasize continuity
- The void express the feelings of absence, emptiness and trapped through the use of massive scale.
Entrance & Axis of Continuity
ES 1
Anxiety & Lost
Holocaust Tower
ES 2
Continuity & Dark
- Enclosed space & Sharp edges -Feeling of enclosed, isolation and terror as daylight penetrates the tower only through a narrow slit.
Memory Void
ES 3
Fear & Sadness
SPATIAL EXPERIENCE
- The slanting ground gives a dizzying feeling of unsteadiness and disorientation to recall the lack of orientation and instability felt by the émigrés forced out of Germany.
Garden of Exile
ES 4
Lost & Confused
Stair to Hope
ES 5
Sense Of Hope
ES 6
SITE STUDIES
North side of the building is the old building
PRECEDENT STUDIES ON LINEAR ORGANIZATION
On the west side of the building situated a public area where people can gather and do event there
Visitor need to enter the building from the old building
Situated next to main road the building can attract people that use the road ,
Since the building looks a bit cold due to the exterior of the building is made of zinc, there also softscape that been design to match the building style.
Since the building is located in the middle of the city on the south side of the building there is an apartment
VENTILATION
NATURAL LIGHTING
The void between the building came from the ‘zig-zag’ design. These allows more ventilation to flow through and out of the building. The building also relayed mechanical ventilation which are air conditioning and air humidifier throughout the building.
ANALYTIC DIAGRAM
Natural lighting into the uneven window openings of the building (based on design) from different direction of the sun throughout the day.
PRECEDENT STUDIES ON LINEAR ORGANIZATION
SUBTRACTIVE
Total of 6 voids are created to enforce the user to pause and reflect when they walk along each linear space.
STRUCTURE
The outer walls - Main structural support The inner voids - Secondary structural support
UNIT TO WHOLE
Entrance Tower, Holocaust Tower, Garden of Exile and the main staircase are conneted by the underground tunnel system. It acts to unify the composition and creates 3 axis - (Continuity, Exile & Death)
MASSING
Made up from 11 linear masses and gives the building a zigzag shape.
ANALYTIC DIAGRAM
PRECEDENT STUDIES ON LINEAR ORGANIZATION
ZONING (PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SPACES)
The Storage, HVAC room, Heating system room considered private since only certain staffs can enter the space. While semi-private zone is where all staff members are allowed entering which are the Delivery storage room and Storages.
LOWER LEVEL
The Rafael Roth Learning Centre are consider semi-public zone because all public can enter but only in certain time and schedule While public zone is for all public member especially the Exhibition space.
GROUND LEVEL
ANALYTIC DIAGRAM
PRECEDENT STUDIES ON LINEAR ORGANIZATION
The public zone is for all visitors especially the Exhibition space. The workshop consider a semi-private zone since only staff and choosen visitors can enter.
FIRST LEVEL
While the storages and staff area consider private since only staff can enter.
MAIN ATTRACTION
SHALEKHET (FALLEN LEAVES)
GARDEN OF EXILE ANALYTIC DIAGRAM
HOLOCAUST TOWER
DEAD END
ARCH 2130 PRECEDENT STUDIES TASK 1A
SPATIAL TYPOLOGIES
CENTRIC ORGANIZATION
PRE MODERN & CONTEMPORARY BUILDING
VILLA CAPRA LA ROTONDA BY ANDREA PALLADIO
PRECEDENT STUDIES ON CENTRIC ORGANIZATION
Location: Architect: Function: Constructed Year: Area: Style:
Vicenza, Veneto, Italy Andrea Palladio Villa 1567- 1592 Pre modern
INTENT
To get the harmony between architect and landscape, between civilization and nature, the greatest inspiration of Venetian Cinquecento.
ACTION
The architect create the building in a square plan and utterly symmetric, organized by means of a central round hall that harmonize with the landscape.
Site Plan
3D Form
Elevation
Section
PRE-MODERN
PRECEDENT STUDIES ON CENTRIC ORGANIZATION
Section Isometric View Floor Plan
DOME HALL Mural decoration with 3D effects surrounded by Gods . HALLWAY Narrow hallway that need to be pass before entering the center hall LOGGIAS Walk through renaissance wing from the censor staircase to golden staircase WIDE STAIRCASE Staircase at all four facade leading to the center hall
PRECEDENT STUDIES ON CENTRIC ORGANIZATION
EXTERIOR Most of the building elements such as columns and walls used bricks that covered with stucco. Stones also used in the building but mostly for the finest details such as columns details, window frame and garrisons.
MATERIAL The interior decoration corresponds to the Italian Cinquecento period. Alessandro and Giovanni Battista Maganzia and Anselmo Canera were commissioned to paint the frescoes and stuccoes. The sculptures represent the deities. The walls decorated in Trompe L’oeil.
INTERIOR
PRECEDENT STUDIES ON CENTRIC ORGANIZATION
SPATIAL ORGANIZATION (CENTRIC) A centralized organization is a stable, concentrated composition that consists of a number of secondary spaces grouped around a large, dominant, central space.
SPATIAL EXPERIENCE
The pattern of circulation and movement is continuous within the centralized organization and terminate around the central. The main function and anchor of the building is located at the centre dome.
From the walkway to the double volume in the center of the building which is fill with art relating to religion is created to allow the user to experience the spaces with different height. Due to it , the user would feel sense of holy and sacred
- Wide staircase and portico drive attention to approach - Villa appears symmetrical and create a sense of harmony with the landscape
PRECEDENT STUDIES ON CENTRIC ORGANIZATION
ES 1
ES 4 - One feels small and give a sense of higher spirit through the use of massive scale and the oculus of dome - Natural light enters central chamber through the oculus and create a heaven feeling - Symbolize “holy” and “sacred” as a symbolism to God
ES 2 ES 3
- These rooms each has their own function such as for bedroom, meetings, dining etc - The interior was classy yet cozy suitable for people to feel like home - All rooms are symmetrical in size and expose to sunlight the most
- Leading pathway stimulating a sense of welcoming - The interior create a reminiscent of a cathedral
Partico
ES 1
Inviting & Pleaing
ES 2
Hallway
Rooms
Stunning
Cozy & excitement
Centre Dome
ES 3
Spiritual & Hope
ES 4
PRECEDENT STUDIES ON CENTRIC ORGANIZATION
ZONING (PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SPACES)
STRUCTURE Despite the large number of interior walls used to subdivide the space, not all form load-bearing structural elements. Only the exterior shell of the walls of the Rotonda carry the weight of the building.
UNIT TO WHOLE Units are aggregated to form a whole. The units are added symmetrically about a central space.
REPETITIVE TO UNIQUE
MASSING
Square plan with four repetitive facades, each of which has a projecting portico.
Cube is the main form and identical porticoes placed around the cube to create a symmetrical. Dome placed at the middle of the cube to create a central circular hall.
ANALYTIC DIAGRAM
PRECEDENT STUDIES ON CENTRIC ORGANIZATION
GEOMETRY
ADDICTIVE
The most direct combination of circle and square is applied. There is an intersection of a square with a cross.
The circle shape is been added to the plan to create a different spatial experience.
CIRCULATION TO USE
SYMMETRY & BALANCE
The centric organization can be seen applied at the circulation basically the four facade leads the circulation to the center of the building
The building is basically symmetry and balance in each side. The primary axis emphasize the centralized composition of the villa
NATURAL LIGHTING
VENTILATION
The building spun 45 degrees regarding the cardinal points, so that all the rooms are oriented in order to have natural light at any time of the day.
These applied on ventilation as well where the rooms get most ventilation. Double volume ventilation also allows high space catches wind at high velocity.
ANALYTIC DIAGRAM
PRECEDENT STUDIES ON CENTRIC ORGANIZATION
MUSASHINO ART UNIVERSITY MUSEUM BY SOU FUJIMOTO ARCHITECT
Location: Architect: Function: Constructed Year: Area: Style:
Tokyo, Japan Sou Fujimoto Architects Library 2010 31 034.29 Sqmt Contemporary
INTENT
Musashino Art University’s combined gallery-library is one of the school’s treasured original buildings. the school administration decided to turn the historic building into a museum and erect a new library on the adjacent site. through the radial apertures engender the notion of Exploration through an infinite depth of books.
Fujimoto wanted to create “the simplest library in the world” with fast access and random accounter. named his design as ‘ forest of books’
Site Plan
ACTION
Investigation and exploration are two apparent contradictions inherent in the design of libraries. two concepts, spatial and configuration logics beyond mere systematics were employed. Section
CONTEMPORARY
PRECEDENT STUDIES ON CENTRIC ORGANIZATION
DESIGN IDEA
Searchability
Strollability The theme of the library is Searchability & Strollability. The Searchability represents expectation, knowing where books are located. He established this through wayfinding throughout the library. The Strollability represents having no intentions and walking infinitely like walking in forest.
BUILDING PLAN
PRECEDENT STUDIES ON LINEAR ORGANIZATION
1. ENTRANCE
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
AIRLOCK GRAND STAIRCASE CATWALK STACKS PRIVATE CUBICLES STUDY ROOM MEETING ROOM PERIODICALS CATALOGUE GALLERY OFFICE EXHIBITION ROOM LOUNGE EXISTING BUILDING
SPATIAL ORGANIZATION (CENTRIC) The pattern of circulation and movement of the Musashino Art University Museum is within a centralized organization and spiral in form. The spiral configuration is a single, continuous path that originates from a central point, revolves around it.
Fujimoto was able to create a maze-like experience within the library that communicated his belief of libraries as forests of knowledge. The spiraling organization of the library and the radical transformations of bookshelves are the main focuses. It also represents infiniteness and growth of human knowledge.
SPATIAL EXPERIENCE
Web lines
Main Entrance
ES 1 ES 6
PRECEDENT STUDIES ON LINEAR ORGANIZATION
ES 3 ES 2 -
ES 2
When entering, user experience the double height space that is given enclosure by the continuous bookcase wrapping around from the exterior to interior wall.
Research Area
ES 4
ES 4
ES 5
-
Access from Museum
Study Area
Grand Staircase
User can experience as if they are floating in the middle space of the double volume height. The direct skylight make the space feel more spacious. The web line is uneven to create a fun and adventurous feeling when step on it.
Entrance
-
The light
reflect the mirrored surface shelves, giving the effect that the bookcases go on higher than they actually do. Large open spaces full of research books with huge windows
Attracted
-
Wide enough to sit on, that step up to the second floor and form a reading area.
ES 2
Spacious & cozy
-
The study spaces is organize in one spiral coherent movement for the users to explore in effective circulation Large-scale numeric installed to improved the orientation inside the building.
Grand Staircase
Research Area
Main Entrance
ES 1
-
ES 3
Connection
ES 4 ANALYTIC DIAGRAM
-
Study Area
Access to Museum
Exploration
Continuity
This is the only access that attached with the original building The bookshelves wall design continue for few meter through the original building so that users could feel the relation even before entering the library
Web Lines
ES 5
Adventurous
ES 6
SITE STUDIES
MAIN ROAD
The library is basically surrounded by a building that is serve as a study purpose for Musashino Art University. MAIN ENTRANCE
From the main road the library could not be seen but student who walk can access the building from any side of the building
On the north side of the library locate a shop selling art supplies and also the office building. And on the east side there is a museum that is connected to the library.
HUMAN CIRCULATION
On the west side of the library, there few laboratories and also a small vegetable garden that can be used by the student.
The main entrance to the building can be access by car only if they enter the university area
STRUCTURE
CIRCULATION
PRECEDENT STUDIES ON LINEAR ORGANIZATION
The cut out spaces of the bookshelf create circulation path and windows. This allows a more free flowing path that that breaks off from the organized path, and also enforced the concept of Searchability and Strollability that the library was intended for.
UNIT TO WHOLE Structural system: steel frame, partly reinforced concrete, and massive bookshelves as walls
The massive bookshelves as walls define the whole.
ASYMMETRY
MASSING
Asymmetrical balance is more dynamic and interesting. It evokes feelings of modernism, movement, energy and vitality.
The massing of the two-storey library at Musashino Art University is composed entirely from the shelves, which will hold the books.
ANALYTIC DIAGRAM
ZONING (PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SPACES) - Overall the library is a public space for all users - The office are private considering only staffs are allowed to access. - Semi-private zone is where users can access only with permission - Semi-public zone where all users can access but have number limit.
NATURAL VENTILATION - The big windows allow natural ventilation into the building - The open floor plan helps the continuation of the wind flow
NATURAL LIGHTING - Double panels of translucent polycarbonate honeycomb roof defusing light into the space from skylights above.. - The big glass windows also penetrate natural light into the building.
ANALYTIC DIAGRAM
Architecture precedent studies IUKL Studio Design 2A sept/oct