Precedent Studies | Spatial Typology | Centric and Linear | studio IIA IUKL

ARCH 2130 PRECEDENT STUDIES TASK 1A

PRECEDENT STUDIES SPATIAL TYPOLOGIES

BY FARAHIM, TAN YAN JIE AND SYAZA

ARCH 2130 PRECEDENT STUDIES TASK 1A

SPATIAL TYPOLOGIES

LINEAR ORGANIZATION

PRE MODERN & CONTEMPORARY BUILDING

JEWISH MUSEUM BERLIN BY DANIEL LIBESKIND

PRECEDENT STUDIES ON LINEAR ORGANIZATION

Location: Architect: Function: Constructed Year: Area: Style:

Berlin, Germany Daniel Libeskind Museum 1992 - 1999 15,000 SQM Contemporary

INTENT

Express feeling of absence, emptiness and invisibility- expressions of disappearance of Jewish culture.

ACTION

Site Plan

Implementation of a radical, formal design as a conceptually expressive tool to represent the Jewish lifestyle before, during and after the holocaust.

Jewish Museum, Berlin is the one of the largest Jewish Museum in Europe. It is a reflection of the consistent Jewish presence in Berlin’s past, present and future. The journey along the museum gives the visitors a strong understanding on Jewish struggle during the past days.

Building Form Outline

Elevation

CONTEMPORARY

PRECEDENT STUDIES ON LINEAR ORGANIZATION

HIGHLIGHTED ARE SHOWS THE CONNECTION BETWEEN OLD MUSEUM AND THE NEW ONE

IDEA

The form is abstracted Jewish star of david that is stretched around the site and context. The zig- zag form created by Daniel Libeskind through a process of connecting lines between location of the historical event.

DESIGN PROCESS

Combination of organic and sophisticated drastic angles, strong geometries and seamless transition between spaces are implied.

Stretching

Stretching

Cutting

Rotate

Squeeze

Distort and fold

3D FORM

PRECEDENT STUDIES ON LINEAR ORGANIZATION

FIRST FLOOR

BASEMENT PLAN

GROUND FLOOR

OLD BUILDING

NEW BUILDING

OLD BUILDING SPECIAL EXHIBITION LEVEL 2 START OF PERMANENT EXHIBITION LEVEL 1 END OF PERMANENT EXHIBITION GROUND LEVEL MEMORY VOID ERIC F ROSS GALLERY

ENTRANCE GARDEN OF EXILE HOLOCAUST TOWER

HUMAN CIRCULATION FROM THE OLD BUILDING TO THE NEW BUILDING

LOWER LEVEL RAFAEL ROTH LEARNING CENTER

PRECEDENT STUDIES ON LINEAR ORGANIZATION

EXTERIOR The building is covered with Titanium Zinc Skin, with narrow windows create an apparently casual pattern which also based on the Berlin old map.

MATERIAL

The interior is made of mostly with reinforced concrete which reinforces the moment of dead ends and empty spaces where only little light entering the spaces.

INTERIOR

PRECEDENT STUDIES ON LINEAR ORGANIZATION

SPATIAL ORGANIZATION (LINEAR)

A linear organization consists essentially of a series of spaces.

Because of their characteristic length, linear organizations express a direction and signify movement, extension, and growth.

The Jewish Museum is the best example that illustrates that the linear circulation need not to be straight or symmetrical. The spaces are directly related to one another and linked through a linear space.

SPATIAL EXPERIENCE A Void cuts through the zigzagging plan of the new building and creates a space that embodies absence. Voids are created to let visitors feel trapped and fear with the cold concrete walls rising 60 feet above your head. It is a straight line whose impenetrability becomes the central focus around which exhibitions are organized.

Entrance

PRECEDENT STUDIES ON LINEAR ORGANIZATION

ES 6

- Passing through the narrow and dark path

ES 1

ES 3

ES 2

- Intertwined history of Berlin & Jews

ES 5

- Natural lights pass through the window, develop a sense of hope - Direction to a sense of hope

ES 4

- Long staircase emphasize continuity

- The void express the feelings of absence, emptiness and trapped through the use of massive scale.

Entrance & Axis of Continuity

ES 1

Anxiety & Lost

Holocaust Tower

ES 2

Continuity & Dark

- Enclosed space & Sharp edges -Feeling of enclosed, isolation and terror as daylight penetrates the tower only through a narrow slit.

Memory Void

ES 3

Fear & Sadness

SPATIAL EXPERIENCE

- The slanting ground gives a dizzying feeling of unsteadiness and disorientation to recall the lack of orientation and instability felt by the émigrés forced out of Germany.

Garden of Exile

ES 4

Lost & Confused

Stair to Hope

ES 5

Sense Of Hope

ES 6

SITE STUDIES

North side of the building is the old building

PRECEDENT STUDIES ON LINEAR ORGANIZATION

On the west side of the building situated a public area where people can gather and do event there

Visitor need to enter the building from the old building

Situated next to main road the building can attract people that use the road ,

Since the building looks a bit cold due to the exterior of the building is made of zinc, there also softscape that been design to match the building style.

Since the building is located in the middle of the city on the south side of the building there is an apartment

VENTILATION

NATURAL LIGHTING

The void between the building came from the ‘zig-zag’ design. These allows more ventilation to flow through and out of the building. The building also relayed mechanical ventilation which are air conditioning and air humidifier throughout the building.

ANALYTIC DIAGRAM

Natural lighting into the uneven window openings of the building (based on design) from different direction of the sun throughout the day.

PRECEDENT STUDIES ON LINEAR ORGANIZATION

SUBTRACTIVE

Total of 6 voids are created to enforce the user to pause and reflect when they walk along each linear space.

STRUCTURE

The outer walls - Main structural support The inner voids - Secondary structural support

UNIT TO WHOLE

Entrance Tower, Holocaust Tower, Garden of Exile and the main staircase are conneted by the underground tunnel system.

It acts to unify the composition and creates 3 axis - (Continuity, Exile & Death)

MASSING

Made up from 11 linear masses and gives the building a zigzag shape.

ANALYTIC DIAGRAM

PRECEDENT STUDIES ON LINEAR ORGANIZATION

ZONING (PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SPACES)

The Storage, HVAC room, Heating system room considered private since only certain staffs can enter the space.

While semi-private zone is where all staff members are allowed entering which are the Delivery storage room and Storages.

LOWER LEVEL

The Rafael Roth Learning Centre are consider semi-public zone because all public can enter but only in certain time and schedule While public zone is for all public member especially the Exhibition space.

GROUND LEVEL

ANALYTIC DIAGRAM

PRECEDENT STUDIES ON LINEAR ORGANIZATION

The public zone is for all visitors especially the Exhibition space.

The workshop consider a semi-private zone since only staff and choosen visitors can enter.

FIRST LEVEL

While the storages and staff area consider private since only staff can enter.

MAIN ATTRACTION

SHALEKHET (FALLEN LEAVES)

GARDEN OF EXILE ANALYTIC DIAGRAM

HOLOCAUST TOWER

DEAD END

ARCH 2130 PRECEDENT STUDIES TASK 1A

SPATIAL TYPOLOGIES

CENTRIC ORGANIZATION

PRE MODERN & CONTEMPORARY BUILDING

VILLA CAPRA LA ROTONDA BY ANDREA PALLADIO

PRECEDENT STUDIES ON CENTRIC ORGANIZATION

Location: Architect: Function: Constructed Year: Area: Style:

Vicenza, Veneto, Italy Andrea Palladio Villa 1567- 1592 Pre modern

INTENT

To get the harmony between architect and landscape, between civilization and nature, the greatest inspiration of Venetian Cinquecento.

ACTION

The architect create the building in a square plan and utterly symmetric, organized by means of a central round hall that harmonize with the landscape.

Site Plan

3D Form

Elevation

Section

PRE-MODERN

PRECEDENT STUDIES ON CENTRIC ORGANIZATION

Section Isometric View Floor Plan

DOME HALL Mural decoration with 3D effects surrounded by Gods .

HALLWAY Narrow hallway that need to be pass before entering the center hall LOGGIAS Walk through renaissance wing from the censor staircase to golden staircase WIDE STAIRCASE Staircase at all four facade leading to the center hall

PRECEDENT STUDIES ON CENTRIC ORGANIZATION

EXTERIOR Most of the building elements such as columns and walls used bricks that covered with stucco. Stones also used in the building but mostly for the finest details such as columns details, window frame and garrisons.

MATERIAL The interior decoration corresponds to the Italian Cinquecento period.

Alessandro and Giovanni Battista Maganzia and Anselmo Canera were commissioned to paint the frescoes and stuccoes. The sculptures represent the deities. The walls decorated in Trompe L’oeil.

INTERIOR

PRECEDENT STUDIES ON CENTRIC ORGANIZATION

SPATIAL ORGANIZATION (CENTRIC) A centralized organization is a stable, concentrated composition that consists of a number of secondary spaces grouped around a large, dominant, central space.

SPATIAL EXPERIENCE

The pattern of circulation and movement is continuous within the centralized organization and terminate around the central. The main function and anchor of the building is located at the centre dome.

From the walkway to the double volume in the center of the building which is fill with art relating to religion is created to allow the user to experience the spaces with different height. Due to it , the user would feel sense of holy and sacred

- Wide staircase and portico drive attention to approach - Villa appears symmetrical and create a sense of harmony with the landscape

PRECEDENT STUDIES ON CENTRIC ORGANIZATION

ES 1

ES 4 - One feels small and give a sense of higher spirit through the use of massive scale and the oculus of dome - Natural light enters central chamber through the oculus and create a heaven feeling - Symbolize “holy” and “sacred” as a symbolism to God

ES 2 ES 3

- These rooms each has their own function such as for bedroom, meetings, dining etc - The interior was classy yet cozy suitable for people to feel like home - All rooms are symmetrical in size and expose to sunlight the most

- Leading pathway stimulating a sense of welcoming - The interior create a reminiscent of a cathedral

Partico

ES 1

Inviting & Pleaing

ES 2

Hallway

Rooms

Stunning

Cozy & excitement

Centre Dome

ES 3

Spiritual & Hope

ES 4

PRECEDENT STUDIES ON CENTRIC ORGANIZATION

ZONING (PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SPACES)

STRUCTURE Despite the large number of interior walls used to subdivide the space, not all form load-bearing structural elements. Only the exterior shell of the walls of the Rotonda carry the weight of the building.

UNIT TO WHOLE Units are aggregated to form a whole. The units are added symmetrically about a central space.

REPETITIVE TO UNIQUE

MASSING

Square plan with four repetitive facades, each of which has a projecting portico.

Cube is the main form and identical porticoes placed around the cube to create a symmetrical. Dome placed at the middle of the cube to create a central circular hall.

ANALYTIC DIAGRAM

PRECEDENT STUDIES ON CENTRIC ORGANIZATION

GEOMETRY

ADDICTIVE

The most direct combination of circle and square is applied. There is an intersection of a square with a cross.

The circle shape is been added to the plan to create a different spatial experience.

CIRCULATION TO USE

SYMMETRY & BALANCE

The centric organization can be seen applied at the circulation basically the four facade leads the circulation to the center of the building

The building is basically symmetry and balance in each side. The primary axis emphasize the centralized composition of the villa

NATURAL LIGHTING

VENTILATION

The building spun 45 degrees regarding the cardinal points, so that all the rooms are oriented in order to have natural light at any time of the day.

These applied on ventilation as well where the rooms get most ventilation.

Double volume ventilation also allows high space catches wind at high velocity.

ANALYTIC DIAGRAM

PRECEDENT STUDIES ON CENTRIC ORGANIZATION

MUSASHINO ART UNIVERSITY MUSEUM BY SOU FUJIMOTO ARCHITECT

Location: Architect: Function: Constructed Year: Area: Style:

Tokyo, Japan Sou Fujimoto Architects Library 2010 31 034.29 Sqmt Contemporary

INTENT

Musashino Art University’s combined gallery-library is one of the school’s treasured original buildings. the school administration decided to turn the historic building into a museum and erect a new library on the adjacent site. through the radial apertures engender the notion of Exploration through an infinite depth of books.

Fujimoto wanted to create “the simplest library in the world” with fast access and random accounter. named his design as ‘ forest of books’

Site Plan

ACTION

Investigation and exploration are two apparent contradictions inherent in the design of libraries. two concepts, spatial and configuration logics beyond mere systematics were employed.

Section

CONTEMPORARY

PRECEDENT STUDIES ON CENTRIC ORGANIZATION

DESIGN IDEA

Searchability

Strollability The theme of the library is Searchability & Strollability.

The Searchability represents expectation, knowing where books are located. He established this through wayfinding throughout the library. The Strollability represents having no intentions and walking infinitely like walking in forest.

BUILDING PLAN

PRECEDENT STUDIES ON LINEAR ORGANIZATION

1. ENTRANCE

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

AIRLOCK GRAND STAIRCASE CATWALK STACKS PRIVATE CUBICLES STUDY ROOM MEETING ROOM PERIODICALS CATALOGUE GALLERY OFFICE EXHIBITION ROOM LOUNGE EXISTING BUILDING

SPATIAL ORGANIZATION (CENTRIC) The pattern of circulation and movement of the Musashino Art University Museum is within a centralized organization and spiral in form. The spiral configuration is a single, continuous path that originates from a central point, revolves around it.

Fujimoto was able to create a maze-like experience within the library that communicated his belief of libraries as forests of knowledge.

The spiraling organization of the library and the radical transformations of bookshelves are the main focuses. It also represents infiniteness and growth of human knowledge.

SPATIAL EXPERIENCE

Web lines

Main Entrance

ES 1 ES 6

PRECEDENT STUDIES ON LINEAR ORGANIZATION

ES 3 ES 2 -

ES 2

When entering, user experience the double height space that is given enclosure by the continuous bookcase wrapping around from the exterior to interior wall.

Research Area

ES 4

ES 4

ES 5

-

Access from Museum

Study Area

Grand Staircase

User can experience as if they are floating in the middle space of the double volume height.

The direct skylight make the space feel more spacious.

The web line is uneven to create a fun and adventurous feeling when step on it.

Entrance

-

The light

reflect the mirrored surface shelves, giving the effect that the bookcases go on higher than they actually do.

Large open spaces full of research books with huge windows

Attracted

-

Wide enough to sit on, that step up to the second floor and form a reading area.

ES 2

Spacious & cozy

-

The study spaces is organize in one spiral coherent movement for the users to explore in effective circulation Large-scale numeric installed to improved the orientation inside the building.

Grand Staircase

Research Area

Main Entrance

ES 1

-

ES 3

Connection

ES 4 ANALYTIC DIAGRAM

-

Study Area

Access to Museum

Exploration

Continuity

This is the only access that attached with the original building The bookshelves wall design continue for few meter through the original building so that users could feel the relation even before entering the library

Web Lines

ES 5

Adventurous

ES 6

SITE STUDIES

MAIN ROAD

The library is basically surrounded by a building that is serve as a study purpose for Musashino Art University.

MAIN ENTRANCE

From the main road the library could not be seen but student who walk can access the building from any side of the building

On the north side of the library locate a shop selling art supplies and also the office building. And on the east side there is a museum that is connected to the library.

HUMAN CIRCULATION

On the west side of the library, there few laboratories and also a small vegetable garden that can be used by the student.

The main entrance to the building can be access by car only if they enter the university area

STRUCTURE

CIRCULATION

PRECEDENT STUDIES ON LINEAR ORGANIZATION

The cut out spaces of the bookshelf create circulation path and windows. This allows a more free flowing path that that breaks off from the organized path, and also enforced the concept of Searchability and Strollability that the library was intended for.

UNIT TO WHOLE Structural system: steel frame, partly reinforced concrete, and massive bookshelves as walls

The massive bookshelves as walls define the whole.

ASYMMETRY

MASSING

Asymmetrical balance is more dynamic and interesting. It evokes feelings of modernism, movement, energy and vitality.

The massing of the two-storey library at Musashino Art University is composed entirely from the shelves, which will hold the books.

ANALYTIC DIAGRAM

ZONING (PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SPACES) - Overall the library is a public space for all users - The office are private considering only staffs are allowed to access.

- Semi-private zone is where users can access only with permission - Semi-public zone where all users can access but have number limit.

NATURAL VENTILATION - The big windows allow natural ventilation into the building - The open floor plan helps the continuation of the wind flow

NATURAL LIGHTING - Double panels of translucent polycarbonate honeycomb roof defusing light into the space from skylights above..

- The big glass windows also penetrate natural light into the building.

ANALYTIC DIAGRAM

Architecture precedent studies IUKL Studio Design 2A sept/oct