002 China Fastener World no.56/2019
003 China Fastener World no.56/2019
www.jinglecorp.com
Timber Screws Eye Bolt, Eye Screws, L Screws, Hook Screws
EN 14566 EN 14592
ISO 9001:2015
Hanger bolt, Dowel screws
Various special bolts
Concrete Screws, Chipboard Screws
Drywall Screws
Wood screws, Hex washer head flange screws
YY FAST
HAIYAN YUANYANG
Professional manufacturer of high-quality fasteners, your perfect supplier
STANDARD PIECE CO., LTD.
No.2 Shuntong Road, Huangqiao Hardware Parts Park, Haiyan County, Zhejiang Provice Of China T : 86-573-86466866 ; 86-573-86466288 F : 86-573-86466166 ; 86-573-86970785 E : manager@woodscrew.com.cn ; hank@woodscrew.com.cn http://www.fastener-world.com.tw/yuanyang/
www.non-standardfasteners.com
ISO 9001:2015
ISO 14001:2015
China Fastener World no.56/2019
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Cover Story
Hisener Industrial Co., Ltd. The Evolved “Timber Screws” Highlighted at Fastener Fair Stuttgart 2019 by Fastener World
Founded in 2004, Hisener started as a screws and threaded rods maker and now has become a global premium supplier of various fasteners under the leadership of general manager Simon Liang. The company firmly pursues quality, competitive price and on-time delivery as its business principles, thereby satisfying the needs of clients in Europe, the U.S., Russia, South America and other places in the world.
Featuring “Timber Screws” at Fastener Fair Stuttgart 2019 and Expanding the DIY Market in Europe Hisener is a well-known supplier highly anticipated by the European market. This year they exhibited at the biennial Fastener Fair Stuttgart again to show their achievement over the last two years. “We promoted “Timber Screw” this year which is one of our top sellers, since we have been improving the quality of this product for the past few years. Plus, our new galvanizing line will be launched this year which we hope will upgrade our quality to a higher level,” general manager Liang commented. In recent years Hisener has been developing the European DIY market. “We have been in contact with a few large construction companies in Europe since 2018. Right now we have several large projects for the DIY market under discussion. I believe our capacity of DIY products will set a new record in 2019.”
Manufacturing Process Monitored by ERP for Higher Quality Assurance Hisener controls quality through a series of measures to comply with the quality-stringent European market. “Our whole manufacturing process follows the strict requirements of the ISO 9001:2015 quality management system, and every year we do corresponding audits and make adjustments. We also implement ERP to monitor our products and if there is something wrong about quality, we can trace the cause through this system,” said general manager Liang. Hisener was certified to ISO 9001:2015 and the European CE EN 14592 in 2017, and then CE EN 14566 last year. These certificates prove that Hisener is constantly improving and lifting its quality grade. “Each of our certificates is a commitment to our clients that we must deliver the optimal products to them.” He stressed. “Our current concern is to level up and prioritize our management first.”
Production Line Expansion & Market Outlook As one of the largest fastener suppliers in the world, Hisener provides a huge selection of over 4,000 types of products which are mainly targeted to the construction, furniture and household applications. When asked about whether to extend his product line to other fields, he said, “We will expand our current product range and continue to add new products in response to client demand.” Hisener is devoted to new product development for bringing more business to clients. Currently, Hisener’s global business realm is largely focused on Europe at 35%, followed by Russia at 25%, the U.S. at 20%, South America at 15% and other countries at 5%. And, the turnover in 2018 reached 90 million USD. On future market development, general manager Liang said, “Europe is our first and foremost market, and we are still looking to develop other markets and provide more clients with premium service!”
Hisener's contact: General manager Simon Liang Email：simon@hisener.com
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Company Focus
by Nai-Wen Chang, Fastener World
All-inclusive Factory Offering the Most Types of Copper-basealloy Fasteners and a Full Range of Specifications
Yushung Metal Products Co., Ltd. Unlike average fastener companies with a focus on iron fasteners, Yushung Metal produces bronze fasteners which are corrosion- and heat-resistant, and some of which with an anti-spark capability. This has drawn a line that iron fasteners can’t get across. Yushung Metal’s main products also include other special fasteners such as screws, bolts and nuts made of bronze (Cu5 included), phosphor bronze or aluminum bronze.
One-stop Shopping for the Convenience of Clients Yushung Metal does not limit its manufacturing capability by only featuring bronze and brass fasteners. It also develops and manufactures copper-nickel-alloy and nickel-base-alloy fasteners, and would try anything to satisfy clients with any demands. To cut the red tapes of purchase for clients and make purchase more convenient, faster and secure, Yushung Metal established one-stop shopping of copper-base- and nickel-base-alloy fasteners where clients can rest assured while they shop.
Featuring High-end Copper-base-alloy Fasteners, a Full Product Range and Largescale Production Since the inception, Yushung Metal set out for the production of highend copper-base-alloy fasteners and satisfying related demands from clients. Its current plant spans a rou nd 3,0 0 0 squa re meters, offering the most types of copperba se -a lloy fa st eners a nd t he fullest range of specifications you could ever find in China and even the world. It has an average monthly capacity of 50 tons and about 20 0 sets of equipment including screw and bolt heading machines, slotting machines, threading machines, thread cutting machines for wood screws, nut cold forming machines, thread tapping m a c h i n e s , l a t h e s , C NC lathes, stamping machines and inspection equipment.
Yushung Metal's contact: Mr. David Sun E-mail: info@yushung.com
Internationally-recognized Quality & Multiple Layers of Quality Check Yushung Metal was certified to ISO 9001-2015 for its quality control. Mr. David Sun, owner of Yushung Metal, said, “Our belief is to use the best materials to make the best products.” Targeting master importers and users at the front line, Yushung Metal provides best-in-class quality fasteners. It is meticulous about choosing the perfect materials in the beginning of manufacture, and performs batch inspection on incoming materials to ensure the material quality meets its criteria. To ensure quality before mass production, trial production is inspected as well to improve product yield. The post-production process is also under inspection to make sure multiple layers of check produces each batch of outgoing merchandise of the highest quality standard.
Mature Market Development in the U.S./Europe & Active Expansion into the Middle East/Southeast Asia The current primary target markets for Yushung Metal are North America and Europe, sharing around 50%. The owner thinks the American and European markets are the primary targets because they have very professional purchasers, are highly mature, and have a larger demand for copper-basealloy fasteners. Yushung Metal is also actively developing new markets. Among many different markets, the owner is eyeing the Middle East and Southeast Asia which he thinks are the most worthwhile markets for development. Doing business in a competitive international fastener market, the owner said, “We are an all-inclusive copperbase-alloy fastener factory. With products of unique selling points, we have the opportunity to seize markets. We are dedicated to making the purchase reassuring to our clients, users and distributors.” It is the continuous self-improvement for the sake of clients that brings about the good reputation of Yushung Metal.
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Company Focus Dedicated to the field of self-drilling screws for more than two decades, Pointmaster Machinery Co., Ltd. was initially started with only one machine model available for supply. However, as it continues to develop products with customers, listen to their demand and roll out new products, it has now become a specialized self-drilling screw former manufacturer offering the most complete range of models.
Pointmaster was founded in Nov. 1998 and has been just celebrating its 20th anniversary this year. On Jan. 8th 2019 it even reached a milestone for hitting 1,000 sets of self-drilling machines sales. Recalling the time when Pointmaster was just established, General Manager Chi Wei Liao said, “Although it was once rumored that we would soon end the business, and following that, we had a dispute with shareholders, encountered the risk of our plant being auctioned and a 3-year long lawsuit forcing us to be summoned to court for times in Taichung, fortunately, we finally won the case and successfully survived the difficult time.” The delivery of the 1,000th set of machine was indeed a new milestone for Pointmaster and providing high quality service will be always the tenet for Pointmaster in its next 10 years.
The Best-in-Class Quality and the Best-Performing Self-drilling Screw Formers Supplier-
Pointmaster Machinery Co., Ltd. Contact: Chi Wei Liao Email: tforever@ms29.hinet.net
PM-100S
PM-210S(CE)
PM-Wmodel
Various Specifications with Durable & Robust Body Design The self-drilling screw former is used for producing self-drilling screws only, so the demand for this machine is basically lower than that of other fastener machines. Such a situation, however, does not discourage the passion of Pointmaster for manufacturing self-drilling screw formers. Instead, it aroused its interest in the R&D. As soon as customers file their complaints, Pointmaster will immediately have the products tested and modified to the best condition, no matter how long it will take to solve the problem. The self-drilling screw formers of Pointmaster can be divided into two structures: one-stroke and two-stroke, and they can be further divided into different types according to sizes of screws for which they are designed to manufacture. The two-stroke structure is designed for manufacturing stainless steel screws, while the one-stroke is designed for manufacturing carbon steel screws. PM-100, PM-100S, PM-200 and PM-210S are all popular models on the market. The manufacturing speed of these models can be up to 600 pcs per minute. In addition to standard models, the special model PM-W250S can be also supplied as per customer’s request. The currently largest model of Pointmaster is able to produce self-drilling screws in the length of 600mm. Pointmaster has also developed a product with many patents, which are made from different cast irons to offer higher rigidity and stronger structure that is 1.25 times the tonnage of other counterparts. The patented “Dual-Clutch Control System” adopted by Pointmaster can prevent the machine from being affected by inertia and allow it to make a sudden stop in high-speed operation, thus eliminating the quality issue caused by feeding obstruction or die collision and protecting dies and increasing manufacturing efficiency. This is why so many Chinese manufacturers prefer importing their formers through Pointmaster to buying cheaper locally made machines. All machine models of Pointmaster are CE certified and their quality is also recognized in the EU countries.
by Nai Wen Chang, Fastener World
Highly Efficient Repair Service & Expanding Business Reach to Emerging Countries in the Future When it comes to aftersales service, Pointmaster is definitely second to none. For example, in order to efficiently and immediately solve customers’ problems, Pointmaster set up its repair & service operation right in the fastener manufacturing hub- Gangshan (Kaohsiung), saving much time for its repair staff who used to travel far to fix customers’ problems. It has also associate partners in Guanzhou and Zhejiang offering aftersales service to its Chinese customers. Pointmaster never stops training its own repair staff, and if customers have any problems that they are unable to deal with, Pointmaster can also send its men there to offer realtime technical support. Current sales of Pointmaster are mostly in overseas markets. The significantly increasing demand in the emerging countries (particularly Vietnam, Indonesia and India) in recent years due to more mature manufacturing conditions has also benefited the order intake of Pointmaster. Considering the establishment of Formosa Ha Tinh Steel Corporation, which later resulted in an investment boom, Pointmaster is also planning to set up a service operation in Ho Chih Ming City. Currently Pointmaster has no exclusive agent and all interested companies are welcomed to contact Pointmaster for further collaboration.
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Company Focus
by Gang Hao Chang, Vice Editor-in-Chief of Fastener World
Shaping Your Brand into Premium Quality
Fastener World visits the HQ of SACMA, meeting President Valeriano Rampezzotti and the management.
Continuously writing its successful story with the adherence to high quality, the Italy headquartered industry leading fastener machine designer, developer and manufacturer is now celebrating its 80th year of milestone with a new corporate identity and considering setting forth to further broaden its business reach into the ever-growing Asian market.
Made-in-Italy and Localized Service Throughout the World
Compact Design, Integrated Machine
Having consolidated its foothold in the European market for decades, The SACMA Group, consisting of Sacma, Ingramatic, OBM and Tecno Lift, not only offers its machines in Europe, but also has established several local service operations and technical centers across Europe, as well as in USA, Brazil, Russia, Turkey and China in order to support its customers worldwide.
The premium quality of SACMA is reflected on its unbeatable integrated design and smart utilization of space, SACMA's combined headers are capable to produce one finished part through 3 processes - cold forming, pointing, threading- on the same machine.
In China, for its 80th-year anniversary, Sacma has established its new 800m2 branch in Wuxi, with a team of dedicated sales and aftersales staff to serve both foreign and Chinese enterprises with fasteners production sites in Mainland. The aftersales service team focuses on providing maintenance support along with training to local machine operators. Moreover, the new location will serve as a spare parts warehouse and showroom for new technologies. In order to meet the demand of Chinese producers, in 2019 Sacma Group has launched its Tooling Engineering Support Service, which aims at helping end-users through the product development process, from tooling design to optimization. The service is led by a team of cold forming experts with decades of experience in fasteners R&D and production.
"Manufacturing costs are ever increasing year by year, so companies need to invest wisely on high-efficiency equipment", says Valeriano Rampezzotti, President of SACMA GROUP. "I mean that business have to be forward-looking, if you have one SACMA machine it means you don't have to buy 10 or even 20 machines from other brands, which inevitably results in higher operational and ownership costs". On the other hand, with our machine you can complete all processes, as, for example, you don’t have to buy one machine for heading, one machine for thread rolling and one machine for pointing. I believe this is why our clients around the world continue to take Sacma into their only one consideration when it comes to long-term cost saving.�
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Company Focus 55
Unrivaled Quality Leaving Competitors Behind SACMA machines are used for critical cold-formed parts, ranging from bolts to net-shape components of the highest tolerance that is possible to achieve out of a multi-station heading process. “Our customers serve the world’s topnotch automotive brands, reliability for them is top-priority, hence SACMA is their best choice”. As Mr. Rampezzotti states “In our plant we use cutting-edge CNC equipment from Switzerland, Japan and Italy to feed our fully-integrated production, we’re the only manufacturer in our industry that produces 100% of its mechanical components in-house. On top of this, we use best quality materials with outstanding mechanical properties, not to mention that we carry out heat and superficial treatments - nitriding, hardening - in order to enhance their long-term performance. As a President, our mission in delivering the best multi-station cold-forming machines is ensured by our strong and continuous commitment.
A Full Range of Solutions for the Cold-forming Industry Today, SACMA Group is the only player on the market that can supply a complete range of forming equipment for the fastener industry, such as combined headers for screws and bolts, five and six die multi-station part formers, stand-alone flat-dies thread-rollers - Ingramatic - as well as vertical feeding systems - Tecno Lift -. Noticing the emergence of new industries (e.g. electric vehicles) boosting the demand for more special parts in the Asian market, Sacma is convinced that the demand for machines which feature high precision, high performance and high flexibility in this region will definitely show an overwhelming increase. So, where can manufacturers find out machines with all these critical features being included? The answer is, as Valeriano said,
“Who else? It’s SACMA!”
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Company Focus
Fasten the World, Fasten Life Ningbo Weifeng Fastener Co., Ltd. provided by Weifeng
Ningbo Weifeng Fastener is one of the leading manufacturers and distributors of fixings and fasteners with rapid growth in China. It has customers from more than 100 countries around the world. With over 13 years of experience in fasteners, Weifeng has supplied quality screws, bolts, nuts, washers, anchors in all shapes and sizes to its business pa r t ners in t he EU, A merica, Pola nd, Romania, Indonesia and so on. OEM and ODM orders are welcomed. To ensure the products are of marketleading quality, Weifeng produces each item using the latest and modern production machinery from Switzerland and Italy in its facilities. Moreover, it carries out inhouse QC measures at multiple stages in its ISO 9001:2015-certified facilities, storing all results in its central databank. Weifeng makes sure that its manufacturing processes are streamlined and able to yield a high volume of products in a short time without compromising on quality.
"To mabe every building, every bridge, and every house, installed with Weifeng's fasteners" is Weifeng's company mission. As stated in its company vision, "Our customers, both large and small, receive undivided attention, as we treat every one as the only one. Our work with customers is integrated into such an array of products and services and our touch is felt throughout daily life in both workplaces and a home. Weifeng builds products, brands, and a good reputation that is worth your trust." Weifeng fastens the world, fastens life! We build tomorrow!
Contact: Tony Yin, General Manager
Email: tony@wf-fastener.com
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Company Focus
Located in Wenzhou (China), Junhao started as a workshop back in 1987, and was registered as a company in 2002. The company is certified to TS16949 international quality assurance and mainly produces standard parts, special profiles, hexagonal bolts and hexagonal socket bolts. Founded upon the pursuit of quality, the company gained multiple awards from the Management Committee of Wenzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone. It continues to invest in technical development, expand corporate scale, update equipment, and increase automation to increase quantity and product types and diversify the product line to cope with all sorts of clients’ demand.
Complete and Diverse Products with Quality Assurance Junhao not only produces fasteners but also develops and manufactures cold headers on its own. It developed cold headers with different functions to cope with different product requirements, and has rolled out 42 types of cold headers depending on different functions and specifications. The main product, DIN7991 fasteners, are manufactured to the German standard with high quality and supplied to the automotive dies industry. The quality check follows the requirement of TS16949. In 2016 Junhao posted a “letter of commitment to quality and corporate credibility” on its website and made the following promises: To increase awareness of quality and social responsibility, fulfill the duty of quality, enhance the employees’ quality control over the whole manufacturing process, establish a system to report quality and safety related accidents, establish a system to strictly implement the accountability on quality and safety, complete the product quality tracing system, and immediately solve client’s complaints about quality. If there is any product not up to the quality standard, Junhao will initiate a recall.
One-stop Supply Chain Increasing Competitive Edge Junhao has bases working under its corporate umbrella: Shanghai Hadiwei Fasteners in charge of warehousing and distribution, and Jiangxi Hadiwei Fasteners responsible for bolt production. Zhejian Youli is responsible for equipment and dies production, and Wenzhou Evershine Material for heat and surface treatment. With a complete supply chain like this, Junhao can not only offer a more convenient production flow, but also monitor quality in real time, control costs, and manage lead time more accurately, placing itself at a relatively price-competitive position. Such business deployment allows each unit to do the best of its job and dig into technical research and quality control.
Covering the Whole Supply Chain from Manufacturing to Stocking and Shipment
Wenzhou Junhao Industry Co., Ltd. by Nai-Wen Chang, Fastener World Currently Junhao is developing DIN912 grade 12.9 steel structural bolts. During the development, Junhao was troubled by the shortage of material supply. It took a lot of communication with multiple steel plants before Junhao found the current one to collaborate with and broke the bottleneck. Junhao continues to invest in equipment to increase capacity which is currently at 15,000 tons. Its facility has a big factory spanning 150 thousand square meters, two apartments, one office, an event venue, fire fighting equipment, eco-friendly processing equipment, safety equipment. The complete range of equipment shows how much the company cares about the employees’ working environment.
Junhao's contact: Mrs. Cathery Zhou Email: admin@wzjunhao.com
Currently over 60% of Junhao’s products are exported and sold to Europe. The company thinks it is worthwhile to develop the U.S. and South America for their huge market size. After acquiring the ISO9001 certificate, the company continued to improve its quality and passed TS16949, and is now looking to acquire a CE certificate. In light of the U.S./China trade war, Junhao said, “To us, it means adjustment and opportunity. From a short-term perspective, the trade war would be a challenge, but in a broader view, it is an opportunity to step out of the comfort zone, adjust our mindset, adapt to the new environment, and come up with new ideas and strategies. If we keep examining the situation ahead carefully, adjusting and improving ourselves, the situation will turn around better for us.”
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Company Focus
Stepping out of Standards to Achieve the Impossible
Jiaxing Goodway Co., Ltd. — the Expert of Non-Standard Parts by Nai-Wen Chang, Fastener World Known for its non-standard parts, Goodway provides customized service in supplying various fasteners, cold-headed parts, hot-formed parts, stamped parts, machined parts, and special profiles. The company provides products in carbon steel, stainless steel, copper, aluminum and many other materials to cope with different demands. The available size range covers M3 - M72.
Internationally Certified Quality & Customers as Top Priority Goodway’s all-inclusive product line can satisfy the needs of customers. Thanks to the abundant, diverse and customized options Goodway now has clients throughout the U.S., Canada, Europe and many other countries. In just a few years after its inception, Goodway gained a strong foothold in the international market. By implementing and integrating the four cores— quality, price, service, marketing— it built and spread its reputation over the international market within a few years. In 2011 Goodway passed the ISO 9001:2015 certification. It practically conducts inspection of pre-production, in-production and post-production packaging, and therefore, the product quality always exceeds the expectation of international clients. It takes quality inspection very seriously, so its plant has a complete range of full inspection equipment, including plug gages, ring gages, calipers, hardness testers and projectors.
Efficient Production and Customized Products Favored by American and European Clients Specialized in the export of non-standard fasteners and parts, Goodway has most of its products tailored according to clients’ drawings to reduce purchase costs for clients. It helps them develop products, communicates with them, provides trial manufacture and seeks to provide the most price-competitive products. By improving efficiency on the production process, it significantly reduces lead time. Such time/cost saving and highly efficient way of manufacturing made Goodway’s products favored by customers from Germany, Poland, New Zealand, South Africa, South Korea, the U.S. and Canada in the automotive, aerospace, agricultural, construction and DIY industries. Its most competitive products are those having gone through secondary processing after cold heading.
Goodway’s high-end manufacturing equipment include 11B/14B/19B/24B/6-die cold headers, threading machines, CNC machines and stamping machines. The diversity of equipment satisfies the needs of various customization. Goodway does not limit its own bounds in terms of products and fields, and its target has always been helping clients develop and manufacture new products. With the mission statement of “customer satisfaction”, Goodway’s service advantage is best emerged by its capability in taking customized orders.
Dedicated to Helping Clients Develop More Competitive Products “Our products have reliable quality of competitive prices. We deliver products on time and provide satisfying service,” said General Manager Jack Chang, “We have a very large number of returned customers from traders to distributors and users who have never complained about our service and have given us positive feedback.” As far as Goodway with strengths in equipment and service, its goal has always been providing clients with good products and service. Goodway wants nothing but keeps offering customers more high quality products.
Goodway's contact: General Manager Jack Chang Email: jackchang@goodway-hardware.com
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Company Focus
With 9 R&D Centers,
COVENTYA ENVIRONMENTAL PLATING TECHNOLOGY (JIANGSU) CO., LTD. Continues to Improve Its Surface Treatment Technology
COVENTYA is an international group of companies specializing in designing, manufacturing and serving specialty chemicals for the surface treatment industry. Headquartered close to Paris France, COVENTYA spans the globe with more than a dozen affiliates which provide identical products and customer services to a variety of applicators or end users in the manufacturing industry. To d ay, C OV E N T YA h a s n i n e R e s e a r c h a n d Development centers, located in Italy, Germany, France, UK, USA, South Korea and Turkey, each with a specific purpose related to the strength of its local industries. With a full line of products that find use in many industries from automobiles and oil fields to computers and fashion, it is clear that COVENTYA products touch our lives each and every day. COVENTYA Surface Treatment Technology (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. was solely invested and established by the Group in 2005 and officially entered China market since then. After over a decade of growth, the company successively set up branch offices in Wuhan, Changchun, Dongguan, and Qingdao, and built up a large amount of
high-quality customers. In order to provide the customers with better and more comprehensive products and services, the Group expanded the investment in China. A new factory was built in 2018 on the self-purchased land in Xushuguan Town, New District, Suzhou City and renamed as COVENTYA Environmental Plating Technology (Jiangsu) Co., Ltd. The new factory covers an area of 12,500 m2, with a building area at around 10,000 m 2. With 20,000 tons of annual capacity, it became the largest production site of the Group. The Technical Center covers an area of 1,200 m2. A series of technical services including sampling, bath analysis, parts performance tests will be provided with the facilities and equipment installed. COVENTYA has embarked on a quest to interweave an eco-conscious approach to every aspect of our business. A commitment to sustainability within our organization that directs us as we pursue a collective bottom line: People, Planet, Profit.
COVENTYA’s contact: Ms. Hui Li Email: h.li@coventya.com.cn
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Company Focus
by Dean Tseng, Fastener World
Japanese Tapping Screw Craftsman/Specialist Rolls out “High Tension Screw 100”
Komuro Industry Co., Ltd. Komuro Industry has had more than half a century of history since its inception in 1954 in Osaka when it was solely dedicated to the manufacture and R&D of self-tapping screws and then expanded into a comprehensive product line of screws and parts. Today, its products include: self-tapping screws (with or without washers) and bolts of JIS standard and various recess types (hexalobular, hexagon, square, etc.); “Three-Tight” screws (where the shank portion is in a triangle shape like a Japanese triangular rice ball, namely an “Onigiri”, to have better performance than tapping screws); cold formed parts; special-material and specially-machined parts; anti-loosening screws; surface-treated screws.
Innovative Screw For Tackling High Tension Steel Plates At the time of our interview with Komuro Industry Product R&D Director, Mr. Shigenori Tanomuro, he said the company has rolled out a remarkable new breed of self-tapping screws named “High Tension Screw 100”. The name implies the screw can penetrate 100kg (980Mpa) steel plates with no thread damage. How did this invention come about, I asked, and the Director replied, “The industry is seeing an increasing number of automotive makers using ultra-high-tension steel plates (100kg, 130kg) to facilitate automotive lightweighting. That was why we started to invent the new screw.” Before the invention, Komuro Industry received feedback from clients that former tapping screws would wear out in contact with hard materials and up to 30% of them would go wasted in an automotive production line accordingly, and even worse, ruin the expensive materials because of damaged holes. To tackle that, Komuro Industry worked on reducing the proportion of carbon while substantially increasing the amount of manganese and other alloy elements to improve the hardening effect. And then, heat treatment follows to refine the grain structure to improve internal tenacity, prevent the head breaking off from the screw and delayed fracture. The resulting “High Tension Screw 100” is now a patented product which not only works on ultra-high-tension steel plates, but also woods, resin and other hard materials used by various industries.
Reassuring Quality Management Komuro Industry is targeting zero-defect quality through several measures. Certified to ISO9001•14001 (2015), it is meticulous about talent training, systemized manufacturing management, and particularly inspection including daily onsite checks, pre-shipment product check by visual sorting machines, torque analyzers, tensile strength testers, digital microscopes, and visual specification measuring instruments. The company can also provide PPAP, JAMA, chemSHERPA ICP MSDS, IMDS, and CMRT documents.
Creative Collaboration: The “Smiley Screw” Komuro Industry joined forces with a Japanese designer and came up with a unique screw in 2017 with a smiley face instead of a mundane “+” or “-” recess on the screw head. The motivation behind this screw was to inspire the joy and surprise of discovering a smile as you are walking on the ordinary streets. Purchasers of this screw are encouraged to install it anywhere and anytime they want, and they can upload a snapshot of the installed screw to a map for others to discover where the screw appears and how it is used. The goal for this screw, said the Director, is to bring the little changes of joy to the daily life and hopefully it will make a difference in the collective mind of the mankind.
Plant Expansion In April 2019, Komuro Industry completed expanding its plant to make more room for a complete range of production equipment, and better warehousing. The Director said the company is working on new technical innovation on recess processing, and automatic rubber and nylon washer assembly for cost reduction and consistent product supply. Although so far the company has yet to conduct direct sales with overseas customers and is currently selling products to them via domestic traders, the Director said it is now considering options to strike deals directly with them in the future.
Komuro Industry’s contact: Product R&D Director, Mr. Shigenori Tanomuro
E-mail: tanomuro@komuro-ss.jp
CONTENTS NO.56
COver stOry
JUN., 2019
26 Hisener Industrial— The Evolved “Timber Screws” Highlighted at Fastener Fair Stuttgart 2019
speCial FeatUre
iNdUstry FOCUs
106 Innovation Alley
100 The EU Announces the Latest Fastener Trade Statistics for 2018 102 Analysis of Fastener and Car Trade Between China and USA in 2018 x Shervin Shahidi Hamedani 104 Analysis of Fastener Trade in Poland in 2018
COmpaNy FOCUs 50
All-inclusive Factory Offering the Most Types of Copper-base-alloy Fasteners and a Full Range of Specifications- Yushung Metal Products Co., Ltd.
50
52
The Best-in-Class Quality and the Best-Performing SelfDrilling Screw Formers SupplierPointmaster Machinery Co., Ltd.
54
SACMA-Shaping Your Brand into Premium Quality
x Shervin Shahidi Hamedani
52
111 2018 Financial Reports of Fastener Companies 124 Statistics and Trend Analysis of Russia’s Fastener Import and Export in 2018 x Sharareh Shahidi Hamedani 127 Overview of China’s Fastener Machinery Market x Sharareh Shahidi Hamedani
teChNOlOgy
54
56
Fasten the World, Fasten Life- Ningbo Weifeng Fastener Co., Ltd.
58
Covering the Whole Supply Chain from Manufacturing to Stocking and Shipment- Wenzhou Junhao Industry Co., Ltd.
60
Jiaxing Goodway Co., Ltd.- the Expert of Nonstandard Parts
62
With 9 R&D Centers, COVENTYA ENVIRONMENTAL PLATING TECHNOLOGY (JIANGSU) CO.,LTD. Continues to Improve Its Surface Treatment Technology
64
Japanese Tapping Screw Craftsman/Specialist Rolls out “High Tension Screw 100”- Komuro Industry Co., Ltd.
98 139 141 144
Locking Fasteners Part 3 x Guy Avellon Fasteners Synergism x Jozef Dominik A Spectrum of Fasteners x Peter Standring Treatments & Tests of Electroplated Coatings on Steel Fasteners x Wei-Ming Wang
exhibitiON
NeWs
82
114 European News 119 American News 130 Fastener World News
84 88
Preview of Taiwanese Exhibitors at Fastener Expo Shanghai 2019 Exhibitions Preview Exhibitions Review
56
58
62
60
64
滙達全球採購網，提供您最完整的產業訊息及採購需求！
070 China Fastener World no.56/2019
China Fastener World no.56/2019
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Exhibition
Preview of Taiwanese Exhibitors at
Fastener Expo Shanghai 2019 2019上海緊固件專業展暨第十屆上海汽車緊固件展
台灣展商展前宣傳專輯 06/26-28 National Exhibition & Convention Center (Shanghai) 國家會展中心（上海） From the 26-28 June 2019 a vast number of the industry’s leading companies will convene in Shanghai. Following the significant success of the recent 2018 exposition, which brought 633 exhibitors, 2019 sees a growth to over 700 exhibitors and 30,000 visitors. Occupying 60,000 sqm, next year promises an impressive display of products including non-standard pieces, fasteners for industrial application, fastener manufacturing technology and equipment, mould and consumables for fasteners, raw materials, and even related support products and techniques.
2019上海緊固件專業展暨第十屆上海汽車緊固件展 （FES2019）將於2019年6月26-28日在國家會展中心 盛大舉行！FES深耕行業近十載，始終秉著專業、高效、 開放、創新的宗旨不斷發展壯大，堪稱全球緊固件行業 的標杆盛會。展會彙聚國內外知名緊固件生產商，同時 展出緊固件配套設備、模具、線材等產品，為緊固件行業 人士提供一站式採購平臺。
The 10-year anniversary will also mark the expansion into a new type of fastener: ITE is proud to introduce building fasteners, an unique area never showcased before. The 2019 Exposition hopes to provide an interactive and unique experience for all those involved; Face-toface services will also be offered allowing visitors to be matched with exhibitors in advance and a variety of seminars and conferences will be available allowing visitors to further expand their understanding of the industry.
2019 年正值FES展會的十周年，主辦方將繼續以 “匠心”精神打造一個升級版的緊固件專業展，開闢 “建築緊固件”品牌，並進一步擴大“汽車及高強度緊固 件展區”，是“工業”和“建築”兩大緊固件領域的不二 之選，引領未來發展趨勢。展會同期還將舉辦一系列精 彩紛呈的會議活動，是一個集商貿、交流和學習為一體 的年度行業高端盛會！
台灣代理: 滙達展覽有限公司
(承辦人: 陳怡婷小姐 foreign@fastener-world.com.tw)
Spotlight on Taiwan Pavilion 台灣館聚焦
3C125
T +886-6-2954000
3C127
鴻錡興業股份有限公司
FASTENER WORLD INC. 惠達雜誌社
SOON PORT INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD.
83
F +886-6-2953939
T +886-5-2380959
F +886-5-2381569
E info@soonport.com Contact: Ms. Lynn Chen www.soonport.com
E foreign@fastener-world.com.tw Contact: Ms. Tina Chen www.fastener-world.com.tw Products: Fastener World Magazine, China Fastener World Magazine, Hardware & Fastener Components Magazine, Emerging Fastener Markets Magazine, Fastener World Europe Special Edition
產品：螺絲世界雙月刊、螺絲世界中國 國際版、五金/零組件/螺絲半年刊雜誌、 全球新興國家螺絲特刊、歐洲螺絲特刊
Products: Collated Screws, Drywall Screws, SelfDrilling Screws, Customized Screws, Roofing Screws, Self-Tapping Screws, Special Coating Screws, Machine Screws, Stainless Steel Screws, Thread Rolling Screws, Chipboard Screws, Wood Screws, Carriage Bolts
產品：鍊帶螺絲、乾牆螺絲、鑽尾螺絲、客製化螺絲、屋頂螺絲、自攻螺絲、特殊 塗料螺絲、機械螺絲、不鏽鋼螺絲、三角牙螺絲、塑板螺絲、木螺絲、馬車螺絲
FONTEC SCREWS CO., LTD. 鋒泉螺釘股份有限公司 T +886-512-82776368
3C131
F +886-512-82776375
E zekhanzek@hotmail.com / vita495220571@126.com Contact: Mr. Zek Lin www.fontec.com.tw / www.szfontec.com Products: Semi Tubular Rivets, Special Rivets And Screws, Screws Sets, Pins
HAO MOU NUT MFG. CO., LTD. 豪茂螺帽工廠股份有限公司 T +886-7-6229300
F +886-7-6222249
E jonghao@haomou.com.tw Contact: Mr. Jonghao Su
3C129
www.fastener-world.com.tw/hao-mou Products: Non-Standard Nuts, Welding Nuts, Clinch Nuts
產品：非標準件螺帽、焊接螺帽、壓入螺帽
產品：中空鉚釘、特殊鉚釘及螺絲、公母組、銷、機加工產品
TRANSWAY ENTERPRISE CO., LTD.
3C132
創維產業股份有限公司 T +886-4-22713935
F +886-4-22713961
E transway@transway-tools.com
Contact: Mr. Jake Hsieh www.tranway.com.tw Products: Screwdriver Bits, Power Bits, Bit Sockets, Socket Wrench Sets, Impact Socket Wrench Sets
產品：螺絲刀頭、螺絲批頭,螺絲頭套筒、套筒板手、氣動套筒板手
SHIANG GING METAL ENTERPRISE CO. , LTD. NEWREX CORPORATION
3C138
奇貿股份有限公司 T +886-7-3431583
F +886-7-3431683
T +886-4-7360805
F +886-4-7350874
E sgcarbide@sgcarbide.com.tw
E sales@newrex.com.tw
Contact: Mr. Hank Hsieh
Contact: Ms. Jany Lien
www.sgmetal.com.tw
www.newrex.com.tw Products: Specialized in Per Print Parts/Open Die/CNC/Assembled Parts
產品：客製化產品/多沖程/車修件/組裝件
3C150
翔勁金屬股份有限公司
Products: Dies, Segmented Dies (Six Die), Nut Forming Dies, TOES Lobe Dies, Comprehensive Mold (Trimming Dies, Cutting Dies, Clamping Jaws)
產品：模具、拼接多片模（六片模）、螺絲頭部成形切模、TOES梅花模、綜合模 具（剪模、切模、夾爪）、沖棒
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Exhibition
Exhibitions Preview Compiled by Fastener World
Fastener Fair Mexico
06/19-20 World Trade Centre, Mexico City
Continuing the good reputation earned in the first edition held in 2018, International Fastener Show China 2019 will utilize bigger exhibiting space (42,000 sq. m), have more exhibitors (+800), arrange more stands (+2,000) and welcome more than 30,000 visitors 06/11-13 Shanghai World Expo Exhibition from at least 60 countries. & Convention Center Hall 1 and Hall 2 will be open for the show this
International Fastener Show China
year. The former is for Equipment and Devices, such as fastener manufacturing equipment, inspection devices, assembly/installation & repair instruments, molds & dies and related technical service, while the latter is for Products, such as fasteners, automotive fasteners, aerospace/military fasteners, construction fasteners/connecting parts and fasteners for other industrial use. As one of the most influential trade shows in Asia and the world, IFS China is a good platform to facilitate the exchange and development of the global fastener industry. “We are dedicated to making IFS China a must-attend annual event for the global fastener industry. The annual IFS China will be the bridge connecting Chinese fastener industry and the global fastener professionals, which can facilitate exchange within the industry and create business opportunities for every participant.
According to the survey conducted for the 2018 edition, more than 80% of the visitors were from high-level management or purchasing and R&D divisions which may have the power to influence the decisions of their companies. The survey also shows that more than 70% of the visitors in 2018 were fastener manufacturers and traders. Fastener Fair Mexico covers all areas of the fastener and fixing industry and provides real insight into industry trends and key information about the latest developments Korea Metal Week in this sector. The exhibition is the international platform 06/19-21 KINTEX for manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors and suppliers of fastener and fixing technology. Over 150 exhibitors as keynote spea kers. Also, On a total area of 21,546 square meters, Korea Metal Week from Belgium, China, Germany, Mexico, Taiwan, Turkey 2019 will be held from June 19 (Wed.) to 21 (Fri.) at Hall 2~3, through group invitation of and United States, among others, exhibited in Fastener Exhibition Center 1, KINTEX in Goyang City, S. Korea. their purchase department, the Fair Mexico 2018. At Fastener Fair Mexico, products match-making service will be In 2019, Korea Metal Week will exhibit more wide-ranging and services from the following industry sectors will be and gather more sellers & buyers by newly-launching Control, provided to the exhibitors for presented: business meetings. Measurement and Automation applicable to fastener industry. •Industrial fasteners and fixings •Construction fixings •Assembly and installation systems •Fastener manufacturing technology •Storage, distribution, factory equipment •Information, communication and services
Fastener Expo Shanghai
06/26-28 National Exhibition & Convention Center (Shanghai)
- Fastener & Wire various exhibits will be shown as below. - Bolt / Nut Products & Equipment - Automobile Parts / Fastening Products & Subsidiary Materials - Wire Production & Manufacturing Also, it will concurrently be held with Press & Forging, Tools, Automobile & Machine Parts, Tube & Pipe, 3D Te c h n olog y, Fo u n d r y & Die C a st i n g, F u n d a m e n t a l Manufacturing Industry, Aluminum, Metal Surface Treatment & Painting, Laser & Welding, Pump Technology, Composite, Control, Measurement and Automation. Subtitled‘ Advanced & Convergence Technology’, Korea Metal Week 2019 will invite experts of global automobile company such as Mercedes-Benz, BMW, Volkswagen, etc
Although Korea is not a big market in Asia, Korea Metal Week is the best marketing place to see the trend of the latest technologies in relevant industry.
From the 26-28 June 2019 a vast number of the industry’s leading companies will convene in Shanghai. Following the significant success of the recent 2018 exposition, which brought 633 exhibitors, 2019 sees a growth to over 700 exhibitors and 30,000 visitors. Occupying 60,000 sqm, next year promises an impressive display of products including non-standard pieces, fasteners for industrial application, fastener manufacturing technology and equipment, mould and consumables for fasteners, raw materials, and even related support products and techniques. The 10-year anniversary will also mark the expansion into a new type of fastener: ITE is proud to introduce building fasters, an unique area never showcased before. The 2019 Exposition hopes to provide an interactive and unique experience for all those involved; Faceto-face services will also be offered allowing visitors to be matched
to exhibitors in advance and a variety of seminars and conferences will be available allowing visitors to further expand their understanding of the industry.
Hand Tools & Fastener Expo
09/20-22 Bombay Exhibition Centre, Mumbai, India
International Fastener Show
09/18-19 The Mandalay Bay Convention Center
The Indian subcontinent’s largest and only sourcing point for quality Hand Tools, Power Tools & Fasteners will showcase quality, special and high-end hand tools, power tools,fasteners and specialty tools etc. used in the industries such as automobile & auto service, heavy engineering, construction & infrastructure, woodworking & f u r nit u re, ga rdening & horticulture, aviation, etc. The well-established event will be the confluence of the international & national hand tools, power tools & fastener manufacturers,
and key personnel from the industries in special focus, distributors/retailers, exporters, industrial suppliers etc. It is here that the future oriented information exchange, discussions, decisions, buying-selling and investments will take place. The event features a wide range of latest product in the related segments from Indian and international manufacturers & suppliers. The HAND TOOLS AND FASTENER EXPO 2019 has exclusive pavilions for manufacturers from China and Taiwan.
Registration is now open at www.fastenershows.com for the International Fastener Expo (IFE) 2019, the largest and most established business-to-business tradeshow of every type of fastener, machinery and tooling, and industrial-related products in North America. IFE 2019 will take place at the Mandalay Bay Convention Center, Bayside D & E, in Las Vegas, Nevada. Every year, IFE brings together 5,000 attendees and 850 exhibiting companies from the entire supply chain, including manufacturers, master distributors, distributors, and OEMs. VIP attendees at IFE are consistently included in Industrial Distribution’s Big 50 List and exhibitors are among the top international and domestic manufacturers, material suppliers, tooling and machinery providers and ancillary services.
This year, India has been selected as IFE’s Global Spotlight Country. Debuted in 2018, participating exhibitors of the selected country have the opportunity to display their products within the Global Spotlight-designated area on the show floor. IFE 2019 plans to again host a robust conference schedule with highlights on technology, leadership and business management, and tariffs. New for IFE 2019 is “Preview Hours” on Wednesday, Sept. 17. Opening from 8 a.m. to 10 a.m., attendees and U.S. suppliers will have the opportunity to meet with manufacturers in Machinery and Tooling and international exhibitors in SourceGlobal in Exhibit Hall E. The Exhibit Hall D will open at 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. and resume normal show hours on Thursday from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m.
The Fastener Exhibition and Conference, Birmingham
09/11-12
NEC
The Fastener Exhibition and Conference is expected to welcome 3,000 key buyers & decision makers from leading manufacturers, international wholesalers, OEM's and local stockists from the Fastener & Fixing Industry. The exhibition provides fastener companies with a dedicated platform to showcase their innovations, exchange expertise and develop business partnerships. It also acts as a trading forum and networking environment, offering valuable insights into future technologies and market trends.
Fastener Poland
10/08-09 EXPO Krakow International Exhibition and Convention Centre
Exhibitors and visitors to Fastener Poland will have opportunity for the third time to present their offer, target potential business partners, initiate cross-border contacts and long-lasting co-operations, exchange experiences. 190 exhibitors took part in the previous edition, up to 64% of the exhibitors were companies from foreign countries, including China, the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Spain, South Korea, India, Germany,Taiwan, Turkey, the UK, USA and Italy. Visitor statistics were also quite impressive: 4,000 visitors, 26% of whom were from foreign countries: Czech Republic, Slovakia, Germany, France, Israel, Russia, Ukraine. Visitors represented such industries as metal
The main focus of the show will be responding to the trends of the fastener industry; how the changing innovation within the manufacturing industry directly affects the fastener and fixing industry, and how those who respond to those needs most efficiently will grow their businesses very quickly. The education at the event will consist of a series of seminars, panel debates, demo’s and masterclasses, focusing on trends, debates, solutions, the future of the industry designed to give manufacturing business leaders the knowledge that they need to make the right decisions for their businesses going forward.
processing, automotive, joinery, construction, furniture and others. The exhibitors also appreciated the good organization and atmosphere that accompanied the event. “The second edition of FASTENER POLAND® showed that the fastener industry continues to grow. For our company, it was an opportunity to forge new business contacts in Poland and beyond and meet our current partners. We appreciate the lengths the organizers went to in order to ensure visitor comfort at the event. We hope that the amazing atmosphere of this year's edition will help make the trade show grow in the future. See you next year!“ Adam Dobrzewiński, CEO at ABAKOSTEEL s.c. Join us for the 3rd FASTENER POLAND Trade Show on 8th9th October 2019 at the EXPO Krakow, Poland!
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Exhibition M-Tech Osaka
10/02-04
As the western Japan's largest manufacturing B to B trade show, 2019 show is expected to have 1,350 exhibitors and 42,000 visitors.
INTEX
<Why visit> 1.See the latest industry's products and solutions 2.West Japan's largest show with 1,350 exhibitors 3.Close to famous tourist attraction spot 4.Enjoy Japanese extraordinary hospitality
In addition to many Japanese companies, Manufacturing World Osaka also gathers manufacturing companies from other parts of the world. There were 1,233 exhibitors, including 230 international exhibitors participated in 2018. Regional pavilions from mainland China, Taiwan, South Korea, Thailand and Vietnam were part of the attraction in previous show. The organizer expects a record breaking of 1,350 exhibitors from all over the world this year!
In 2018, the Sichuan provincial government identified key industry sectors and priority development areas across 21 cities and prefectures. The focus was to provide support for the 5+1 industrial strategy, while driving development in five trillion-yuan scale sectors spanning ICT, equipment manufacturing, food & beverage, advanced materials, energy and chemistry. The city of Meishan, a leading industrial base, lies in the crossroads of
NEPCON West China
10/02-04 Meishan Convention and Exhibition Center
the “one core + one belt + two corridors” development structure. Traditional manufacturing, such as display, optic communications and highend circuits continue to grow in the city, while emerging sectors such as AI, information security, IoT, Big Data, cloud computing, mobile internet, digital entertainment and smart industrial-control equipment are gaining momentum. The electronics industry “blue sea” is ready and available for business exploration. NEPCON West China 2019 has seen five successful instalments since its Chengdu inception in 2010, offering an annual regional event as part of the NEPCON China series focused on West China. The upcoming instalment will take place at Meishan Conference and Exhibition Center from 15-17 October. As an upgrade over previous events, this year, over 200 leading brand names will participate to attract over 6,000 trade visitors. Participating companies will seize the opportunity to generate leads in Meishan’s emerging markets, while expanding to other regions such as Ya’an, Leshan, Yibin, Zigong, Luzhou, Neijiang, Ziyang, Suining, Chengdu and Chongqing.
Taiwan Hardware Show
10/17-19 Taichung International Exhibition Centre
THS provides exclusive opportunities for foreign companies to meet Taiwanese manufacturers with unique competencies to ma nu fact u re complex ha rdwa re. International buyers will experience robust sourcing at THS and can later explore the manufacturing facilities of prospective partners directly in Taichung, the heart
Fastener Trade Show Suzhou
10/23-25
Suzhou International Expo Center
of Taiwan’s ha rdwa re manufacturing hub. Taiwan’s top hardware OEM, ODM and OBM as well as international brands a nd suppliers conti nue to showcase new high-competitive value products to global buyers at the country’s biggest ha rdwa re exhibition. THS f rontlines Taiwan’s valued capabilities in producing hardware that are top-grade, high-value, competitive prices, diversely customized and rapid demand from worldwide buyers. With proven quality excellence record, international buyers can establish mutually beneficial business relationships with local
companies to have their hardware products manufactured in Taiwan.
As one of the most specialized fastener exhibitions in the world and a widely expected fastener event, the 19th Fastener Trade Show is dedicated to connecting the upstream and downstream of fastener manufacturing industry. Focusing on end users and building a global fastener trade platform are the highlights of the show. Suzhou, one of the central cities in Yangtze River Delta, is the most developed and modern cities in Jiangsu Province. In addition, Suzhou enjoys a very convenient transportation with only 80 km away from Shanghai, and less than 200 km away from Jiaxing, Wuxi, Ningbo, Hangzhou and many other fastener manufacturing bases. Therefore, the Suzhou show can not only help visitors easily connect with most of the fastener manufacturers in China, but also provide them with a good chance to visit the fastener factories. In recent years, the Suzhou show has expanded into two halls, respectively the Fastener Hall and the Equipment Hall, with total exhibition space of 12,000 sqm. The 19th Fastener Trade Show Suzhou will continue strong momentum with expected
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Exhibition 87 more than 400 fastener and supporting manufacturers worldwide. Therefore, the show will offer a great opportunity for professional buyers to do one-stop purchasing of fastener products, production equipment and auxiliary products, as well as raw materials. According to the statistics of previous Suzhou shows, visitors came from 40 countries and regions around the world. It is expected that the 19th Fastener Trade Show Suzhou will attract over 12,000 local and overseas buyers. More information about Fastener Trade Show, please visit www.fastenertradeshow.net
Moscow International Tool Expo
11/05-08
Expocentre Fairgrounds
MITEX Moscow provides an excellent platform for all the leading players from the hardware and tools industry to showcase their products with latest innovations under one roof to all the Russia and CIS regional markets.
At the fair you can get an insight into new professional tools and equipment of domestic and foreign manufacturers and compare their offers to choose the best ones.
Since many years MITEX has different sections Fi n a l ly you c a n say: M I T E X – at the fair like MITEX 3D & Smart, MITEX YOUR TOOL TO GROW INTO NEW Barbecue MITEX Cleaning, MITEX Fastener, MARKETS MITEX Garden, MITEX Measuring & Testing, MITEX Painting MITEX Storage & Safety & MITEX Welding.
MACTECH
11/14-17
Egypt International Exhibition Center
MACTECH will be held at the prestigious venue Egypt International Exhibition center during the period of 14-17 November 2019; as a distinctive trade event; where steady stream of consistent amazing arrays of metalworking, CNC machinery industrial tools, welding and cutting equipment are obtainable in a prevailing mood; escalating the industrial community’s awareness of trends and tendencies in a market that is poised to be the world’s next foremost industrial hub. Gathering the world’s brightest minds in metalworking, CNC machinery industrial tools, welding and cutting equipment; whilst adding-in new pulse and overwhelming insights to the markets it served; MACTECH acts as the most comprehensive tightly focused trade exhibition serving thousands of Egypt’s most vigorous welloff industrialists, representing millions of dollars in investment chattels; in search for a stepping-stone towards sourcing the most advanced machinery and equipment.
ENGIMACH-COMFAST
12/04-08 The Exhibition Centre, Gandhinagar, Gujarat
F o r 18 c o n s e c u t i v e e d i t i o n s ; “MACTECH”; indeed; has shown power to reach, target and attract thousands of qualified trade buyers; structuring the most influential compact trading alliances in industrial markets; the show is targeting 18,000 visitors in 2019.
The Indian industrial fastener market can be segmented into high tensile fasteners and mild steel fasteners. Growing automotive and auto ancillary sector, increasing infrastructure and construction activities, developing heavy engineering industry comprise some of the key factors propelling the industrial fastener market in India. The market has huge opportunities with an increase in upcoming manufacturing activities in the defense and automotive sectors. Indian industrial fastener market is poised to grow over the coming years along with the steady economic growth of the country. Over the years, ENGIMACH has been one of the prime contributors to the development of the machine tools industry, that enables its participants and visitors with cutting edge and power house technology that stands for engineering excellence, innovation, quality and reliability. ENGIMACH is not just a trade show but a platform to see, understand and learn where the industry is heading to. The showcase at ENGIMACH shall offer a quintessential launch pad for new ideas, products and services, a conducive environment for forging joint ventures, collaborations and an open marketplace to source ideal solutions with an anticipated 1,00,000 visitors and beneficiaries.
Exhibition
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Istanbul Hardware Fair by Nai-Wen Chang, Fastener World Istanbul Hardware Fair took place March 14 to 17 in Istanbul which is full of business opportunities by neighboring the Middle East, Europe, and Africa. This Fair was also considered by buyers from Turkey and many neighboring European countries to be one of the most important hardware fairs in the world. The geographical advantage of Istanbul drew many manufacturers and buyers to the Fair to look for business opportunities. Turkey has a population of above 80 million with a considerable domestic market and vibrant demand in the automotive components and construction industries. The forthcoming business opportunities are very promising. The Fair was held in Hall 9 and Hall 10 of Istanbul Expo Center this year. A total of 153 exhibitors took part in this event, and 142 Turkish exhibitors made up the largest exhibitors group. Other exhibitors from around the world included those from Germany, India, Italy, the Netherlands, Taiwan, and China. China made up the largest overseas exhibitors group and Wiha from Germany was also present as one of the exhibitors. The Fair this year displayed hand tools, electric tools, gardening tools, DIY tools and accessories. Fastener exhibitors were relatively fewer and Sormat, a major fastener company in Turkey, appeared at the show as well. Our correspondent reported that there were many small and medium traders at the Fair who trade various hardware and tools. An interviewee said he once visited Taiwan Hardware Show before and was very impressed with the quality and cost performance ratio of Taiwanese products. Most of the visitors to this Fair were local companies. Exhibitors were there for exchange of know-how and showcase of their latest products. The Fair was located where there is good public transport. The Fair was adjacent to the main traffic line and was only one stop away by subway from the airport.
Exhibitions Review
Fastener Fair Stuttgart The biennial Fastener Fair Stuttgart entered its 8th edition. It is the world’s largest show for the fastener industry with not only European exhibitors but also exhibitors from Asia, Southeast Asia, India and the Americas who attend almost every year. Around 170 exhibitors came from Taiwan which became the third largest exhibiting country of the 8th edition. The show had two Taiwan Pavilions, one located in Hall 5 and the other in Hall 1, and both were aimed to offer a complete fastener supply chain for global buyers. According to the organizer, 987 exhibitors from 45 countries came to exhibit on the total 22,200 sqm exhibition space. Compared to the last edition, the number of exhibitors increased by 10% and the total exhibition space increased by 5%.
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This 3-day event drew buyers from around the world including Europe, South Africa, Argentina, Russia and the U.S, who hoped to find more fastener purchase platforms there. According to the data released by the organizer, a total of 12,070 visitors from 90 countries (+3% compared to the last edition) came to Stuttgart to discover the latest trends and products from all areas of fastener and fixing technology and to network with other industry experts.
We interviewed Bülte, Ambrovit and Saima, the annual participants of the show, who said their primary goal at the show was to announce the launch of new products and meeting with new/existing clients. The exhibitors came from a diversity of industries including materials, finished products, machinery and peripheral products. Everyone wanted to grow business and sales through this biennial event. During the Fair, Fastener World also arranged for Taiwanese exhibitors factory tours to the assembly plant of M. Benz and the plant of Bosch. The Stuttgart-based Benz car assembly plant produces around 600,000 units of cars per year, while the plant of Bosch allows visitors to experience what Industry 4.0 is and shows how AI is utilized to analyze and optimize the supply chain. After the tours, participants were all quite impressed by the excellent manufacturing of Germany. In addition, participants also visited Mercedes Benz Museum, where more than 160 units of classic cars were on display. Some Taiwanese fastener manufacturers after the visits were even thinking about how to utilize the Big Data into their fastener manufacturing, which they believe might be a good help to the realization of industrial transformation. The next edition of Fastener Fair Stuttgart is scheduled to take place May 18-20, 2021 at Messe Stuttgart.
Exhibitions Review
Feedback from Taiwanese exhibitors is also very positive. Many of them expressed their high interest in participation in the next edition of FF Stuttgart in 2021. Prior to the Fair, the Taiwan agent of FF Stuttgart, Fastener World, has been doing a lot to promote these Taiwanese exhibitors and sent more than 50,000 copies of our magazines to global fastener buyers (particularly in the EU) as well as e-news to enhance promotion worldwide. Many buyers said Fastener World’s publications and online B2B platform provide complete and fast search for global suppliers.
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NEPCON China 2019
Exhibitions Review
NEPCON China 2019 embraced its successful conclusion on April 26th, at Shanghai World Expo Exhibition & Convention Center, which has attracted worldwide attention. As a prestigious exhibition in electronics industry, it actively expands its coverage including Surface Mount Technology, Test & Measurement, Electronic Micro-Assembly & Sip Process, Soldering & Dispensing, Electronic Materials and Smart Factory & Automation Technology Expo, with our all-round optimal ideal. In particular, the display of Smart Manufacturing Dream Factory Conference and China Manufacturing. SMT Production Line as well as several high-end professional seminars, tightly follows the step of this great reform—intelligent manufacturing, which has achieved high reputation. In this period of three days, over 500 prominent enterprises and brands in the globe attended this electronics banquet. Thanks to our wide influence in this field, NEPCON China 2019 has gained support of all circles. Besides our cooperative partners, associations and mass media, the scale of visitors was extremely spectacular.
In the spirit of research, innovation and optimizing, this highquality pioneering exhibition was dedicated to keeping the pace with this electronic manufacturing chain, making all efforts to build brand image, publicize products and provide the latest techinformation with actual utility. Meanwhile, it’s also committed to offer customized products and service across the board. This year, NEPCON has already won the appreciation from home and abroad. With the development of high-technology and electronic manufacturing, NEPCON will be no doubt to open a new overwhelming sight. The advancement of the electronic manufacturing will press ahead despite of the conclusion of NEPCON China 2019. NEPCON Asia - a more prominent electronic exhibition, is going to be open in Shenzhen. This year, on August 28– 30th , we are waiting for you——all the electronic giants!
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Taipei AMPA by Nai-Wen Chang, Fastener World Taipei AMPA co-located with other tradeshows (AUTOTRONICS, TAIWAN ITS, TAIWAN EVS) took place at Hall 1 and Hall 2 of Nangang Exhibition Center from April 24 through 27. The show this year welcomed 1,340 exhibitors and the organizer estimated that the number of oversea buyers reached over 7,000 during the event. As the industry leading fastener sourcing directory, Fastener World Inc., the publisher of “Fastener World Magazine” was also present on the stand no. N0322 (Hall 1) to disseminate our latest fastener and automotive components magazines. On the opening day, the team of Fastener World met a great number of buyers from other countries and regions, Japan and Southeast Asia in particular, who showed very high interest in Taiwanese made automotive fasteners. Several visitors coming to Fastener World’s stand onsite asked for locknuts and titanium screws. Some buyers also told the staff of Fastener World that they were interested in and considering attending Taiwan International Fastener Show 2020. Many fastener and hardware suppliers in Taiwan were also present this year, which included Tzong Ji Metals, Karat, Jau Yeou, Top Screw Metal, Evereon Industries, Kai Suh Suh, Mobiletron Electronics, Auto Clamp, Shian Fu, Ching Iee, Dha Juang Car Spare Part, ZXY Technology, Kenlon, etc. According to the organizer’s statistics, 171 overseas exhibitors were from 14 countries and areas, including USA, Japan, UK, Germany, France, India, China, Hong Kong, Korea, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines and Slovenia.
Exhibitions Review
According to TAITRA, in 2018 the export value of automotive components of Taiwan climbed to the record-high USD 7 billion. The show this year was mainly focused on IoT, AI, 5G technology and many others relevant to Taiwan’s automotive fastener manufacturing in the future. According to The MOEA (Taiwan), the well-developed industrial supply and manufacturing chain is the most significant feature of Taiwanese manufacturing. The MOEA will also try to help industries upgrade themselves through relevant projects and help Taiwanese automotive component suppliers strengthen their competitive edge on the global market. JAU YEOU 朝友
KARAT 寶資
TOP SCREW 螺峯
TZONG JI 宗基
Exhibition
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Fastener Fair India
Exhibitions Review
by Nai-Wen Chang, Fastener World Fastener Fair India 2019 was held on April 25 to 26 at Bombay Exhibition Centre (Mumbai). This year most of the visitors were local Indian manufacturers and distributors and the Fair was also concurrently held with the other fairs for building materials and sheet metal with a deluge of incoming visitors. On the opening day lots of visitors came to Fastener Worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s stand to get some free copies of Fastener World publications and catalogues, showing the eagerness of local companies to seek for more collaboration. Brought by Fastener World, companies including Anchor Fasteners, Chite Enterprises, Chang Horng International, Chun Chan Tech, Chirek Fastener, Chien Tsai Machinery, Home Soon Enterprise, Homn Reen Enterprise, Hung Li (Hurmg Yieh) Machinery, King Yuan Dar Metal Enterprise, Sheng Kai Precision Industrial, Yeswin Machinery were also present as exhibitors at the Fair this year. Fastener World also had a stand to disseminate our latest magazines and CDs and tried our best to provide buyers visiting our stand with more detailed information of each of our supplierâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s products and increase the awareness of these brands. Fastener Fair India always takes place in Mumbai in one year and in New Delhi in another year, bringing many business opportunities to companies interested in the large Indian market. Visitors are usually from various industry sectors, such as electronics products, energy & power generation, aerospace, automobiles, telecommunication, furniture and so on. India is one of the fast growing economies in the world and is now the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 6th largest economy. Mumbai, where the Fair took place this year, is the financial hub of India. It is located in the most industrialized State of India and it shares around 13% of the total industrial production value of India. Several worldly renowned car manufacturers (e.g., Piaggio, GE, Fiat India, M. Benz, Porsche, Jaguar, VW, Bajaj Auto, Force Motors, and Mahindra Navistar) also set up their own plants or made investment in the region, which are not far away from the exhibition centre, offering some opportunities to relevant fastener suppliers to connect their business with these potential customers. The next edition of Fastener Fair India 2020 is slated to take place in New Delhi. Please stay connected to our website for more fair dates and relevant info.
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ANCHOR 安拓
CHITE 尚余
CHIREK 錡瑞
HUNG LI (HURMG YIEH) 鴻毅
CHIEN TSAI鍵財
KING YUAN DAR 金元達
CHANG HORNG 長鴻
HOME SOON 宏舜
SHENG KAI 勝鎧
CHUN CHAN 浚展
HOMN REEN 宏穎
YESWIN 友信
Exhibition
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Ningbo Fastener Spring and Manufacturing Equipment Exhibition by Dean Tseng, Fastener World
Exhibitions Review
A historical city of culture, Ningbo City has developed into one of the large industrial bases of China, and become an important manufacturing area of automotive components, dies, electric tools, hardware, stainless steel products, rail and transportation equipment, and fasteners. The market there has a large demand for fasteners and components. After 15 previous shows, the 16th edition was held at Ningbo International Convention and Exhibition Center during April 25 and 27, 2019. The show exhibited standard fasteners, automotive fasteners, stamped parts, materials (steel and wire), fastener equipment, and inspection technology. The show correspondent for Fastener World Magazine said the venue comprised 3 halls and he saw Zhejiang Yeswin Machinery, Zhejiang Chien Tsai Machinery, Ching Chan Machinery and other renowned exhibitors at the show. The total count of exhibitors reached hundreds including 40 fastener-related companies, 10 of which were sorting machine companies. Almost all the exhibitors and visitors were local Chinese people. Our correspondent handed out China Fastener World Magazines and other publication series for the large request of Chinese visitors who visited our booth. For those who sought for opportunities of collaboration, our staff hooked them up with potential targets through Fastener World’s self-developed B2B platform and bridged the trade of fasteners. Following China’s Project of Manufacturing 2025, two years ago Ningbo City set a milestone of having an over 7.5% increase of companies with revenues above RMB 20 million. The city has set a target to push the production value of the local critical components industry to RMB 130 billion within 2019 and make Ningbo a world-class manufacturing base of critical components. CHING CHAN 精湛
CHIEN TSAI 鍵財
YESWIN 友信
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M-Tech Nagoya by Nai-Wen Chang, Fastener World
Manufacturing World Nagoya was quite a big trade show. The international pavilion this year included Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, China, etc. Well-known fastener related companies such as A.I.M.Y, Da Yang and Shanghai Rivet Manufacture were also present to exhibit their latest products. Fastener related exhibitors were mostly located in Hall no. 3, while some other mechanical components related exhibitors were located in Hall no. 1 and Hall no. 2. Visitors to the thematic fastener area were mostly traders, distributors and manufacturers. Japanese purchasers also showed high interest in industrial & construction fasteners, threading plates, molds & dies, testing machines, feeding machines, etc. from Taiwan, Europe and USA. Nagoya is one of the heartlands in the global automotive, aerospace, machine tool supply chain. During the event this year, many well-known companies (including Toyota, Mazda, Mitsubishi Electric and Omron) were invited to give seminars on AI manufacturing, Big Data analysis & application and many other topics related to industries.
Exhibitions Review
According to the statistics of the organizers, Manufacturing World Nagoya 2019 attracted 1,150 exhibitors and more than 40,000 visitors in attendance, making the event the largest mechanical relevant trade show in central Japan. 90% of the visitors were professional purchasers from Japan. Exhibitors also demonstrated their highly efficient new products, technology and design and discussed with buyers to see which solution would be the best for them. Publications of Fastener World Inc. having a stand this year were also considered by many visitors to the trade show to be the best-ever supplier directory.
Exhibition
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Subcon Thailand by Nai-Wen Chang, Fastener World Subcon Thailand took place at BITEC in Bangkok. According to Fastener Worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s correspondent onsite, many visitors coming to our stand were looking for fastening products and automotive components. These visitors asking for Fastener Worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s latest publications are mostly from local Thailand, USA, Germany, Japan, China, India, etc.
Exhibitions Review
Subcon Thailand 2019 was co-located with Intermach and mta Asia. Several Taiwanese companies had their stands in the three thematic areas. The Taiwanese exhibitors included Tzong Ji Metals, Budstech, Special Rivets Corp, etc., which were present to demonstrate their excellent technique. According to the organizerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s statistics, around 400 high-quality manufacturers from 17 countries came to exhibit and around 25,000 potential buyers from automotive, aerospace, medical and robotics segments visited the show this year. The statistics also reveal that more than 50% of the visitors coming to the show over the past years were buyers or business owners, and they were mostly from automotive (26%), mechanical processing (19%) and construction (17%) industries. Thailand is the second largest economy in ASEAN and the automotive industry in the country is very well-developed. The Thai Government is also now actively pushing the introduction of Industry 4.0 into its manufacturing and is planning some relevant economic policies as well to boost the domestic demand, which is expected to further boost the demand of peripheral industries, too.
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Technology
Pa r t 3
Locking Fasteners by Guy Avellon
The previous two articles described some of the more basic types of locking products using nylon inserts, chemicals, physical distortions of the nut and Belleville washers. Part 3 will include convenient fastening products with different types of washers.
Toothed Washers
Serrated Washer Face As the name implies, these are cold formed serrations that may be under the head of rivets, machine screw products, small bolts or on the underside of a flanged nut. These products are not to be used with a washer as the serrations are meant to bite into the joint material to form counterrotational resistance.
Also known as a Shakeproof® washer, these washers are available as an internal tooth and external tooth design. The washers are hardened to produce a spring quality to the twisted teeth. As they are tightened against a surface, the teeth flex and bite into the surface and produce an opposite force against the compression of assembly. These toothed washers may not prevent loss of preload in some applications using hard surfaces and high preloads, but will work best when the teeth embed themselves into softer materials to prevent loosening. Therefore, these products are ideal for plastics, aluminum, electrical connections and sheet metal. The internal tooth washers have a smaller outside diameter than the external tooth type. This allows for closer positioning in tight areas. The internal teeth can hold onto the threads of a screw and remain fast while positioning the screw for assembly. The internal tooth washers are perfect for small screw heads and for socket head cap screws, when used in non-critical applications. It should be noted that the use of these washers is destructive in application. The bent teeth will mar and scratch the surface. This may promote the onset of corrosion if the protective surface coatings are destroyed.
Nuts with a Spring Washer This type of nut has a conical spring washer crimped to a standard nut. The nut is free spinning and offers no prevailing torque feature. However, it is when the washer is tightened against the joint that resistance will be noticed. The washer’s spring rate may cause some variation with the assembly torque.
Fig. 1. Nut with spring washer
T his system is convenient as time a nd motion of assembling two parts are saved. However, this combination will not prevent loosening but will retain some preload. To prevent loosening, the fastener must be loaded to at least 70% of its yield strength and the washer must be compressed an equivalent to 30% of the fastener’s preload. Unfortunately, standard conical washers will not meet these requirements and these are only recommended for shear joints or very low load applications.
Fig. 2. Serrated washer face
Serrated Flange Nut The serrations are angled to provide very little resistance while being tightened clock-wise. The ramp angles on the counterrotation side will provide resistance to loosening by digging into the joint material. The joint material needs to be soft enough to provide sufficient embedment of the serrations. The limitations would be the nut and screw cannot develop high clamp loads that would otherwise deform the joint material or cause the screw to break. The one-piece construction aides in the convenience of assembly.
Keps Nut The Keps, or K Nut, is the trade marked name of ITW Shakeproof. This provides for a pre-assembled, free spinning, externally toothed washer.
Castle Nuts / Slotted Nuts Called castle nuts because of their appearance and resemblance to the notched top of a castle’s turret, similar to a chess piece. Also called slotted hex nuts, these notches are spaced wide enough to provide for the use of a cotter pin to be placed between the slots and should not be confused with a similar appearing prevailing torque nut with smaller slots on the top, which are actually bent inwards to produce drag against the male threads. Safety wires are used with these slotted nuts to provide visual security and will keep the nuts from completely backing off when wired properly to an adjacent slotted nut. The ends of the fasteners are drilled to accept either a cotter pin or safety wire. Alignment of the drilled hole to the slots on the nut is extremely critical. Any rotational adjustment forwards or backwards, or movement from vibration, will cause a loss of clamp load from 55 to 100%. Therefore, this system is also recommended for shear joints, very low load applications and where the nut must remain attached to the fastener.
Fig. 3. Keps nut— Ideal for quick assemblies for automotive use and sheet metal assembly.
Serrated / Ramped Washers Rather than being an integral part of a fastener, this technology employs two serrated washers to be used together. The ramped sides are sandwiched together to provide counter rotation of the bolt head or nut by forcing the ramps to move against each other. The outside of the ramped washers has radial protrusions to further prevent the bolt head or nut from turning. T h e s e p r o d u c t s h ave b e e n used successfully with blind hole applications and internal engine parts. However, recent studies have produced failures when the external service loads have been very high. In one application, an M30 10.9 bolt failed. The ramped parts of the washers were almost completely f lattened. The high loads of an M30 10.9 bolt would produce 408 kN (91,722 pounds). This load and the service vibrations were enough to cause damage to the washer.
Fig. 4. Ramps on one side
Fig. 5. Illustrating embedment of the ridges into the bolt head
Fig. 6. Ridges on the washer
The external part of the washers has ridges which are supposed to hold the bolt head from turning. Instead, they have embedded themselves into the bolt head causing a loss of clamp load which induced metal fatigue. This system does not prevent the loss of preload but it will stop further loosening. Unfortunately, at that point, the joint has suffered relaxation and metal fatigue stress raisers will begin. Depending upon the length of the bolt, one can apply Hooke’s Law and visualize how much clamp load was lost due to compression and embedment.
Summary As with any fastening system and joint connection, each must be treated as unique. One locking device is not better than others in all applications and it should be noted that no ‘locking’ device will ever prevent loss of preload. Each has its own unique application, don’t use one product across the board for everything. It may be overkill.
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Industry Focus
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The EU Announces the Latest Fastener Trade Statistics for 2018 Figures in 2018 higher than those in 2017 are marked in red.
Import Quantity to the EU Member States (Ton) Partners
2016
2017
2018
China Taiwan Vietnam India Turkey Thailand Malaysia S. Korea Switzerland USA Japan Bosnia and Herzegovina Norway Liechtenstein Serbia Indonesia Philippines Belarus Ukraine Russia
Years
443,463 516,359 122,245 127,617 67,336 72,234 51,356 37,428 29,594 37,853 32,654 12,210 8,777 12,525 7,232 11,797 8,804 3,170 6,044 2,326
548,781 524,778 124,728 107,052 79,635 68,080 48,743 38,300 32,721 35,004 33,141 14,498 9,045 13,085 7,950 10,222 5,833 4,114 5,487 2,382
653,522 546,567 144,368 112,821 92,677 75,090 47,444 43,801 32,458 32,186 31,532 14,331 12,317 12,295 12,107 9,253 8,064 5,821 5,274 3,757
Total EXTRA-EU28
1,622,891
1,725,496
1,909,683
Import Value to the EU Member States (EURO) Partners
Years
2016
2017
2018
Taiwan China USA Switzerland Turkey India Vietnam Japan S. Korea Thailand Malaysia Liechtenstein Norway Bosnia and Herzegovina Indonesia Canada Philippines Serbia Brazil Russia
1,199,957,128 692,656,627 738,942,691 456,072,472 228,629,981 273,859,937 214,218,465 216,804,141 149,525,578 110,301,022 89,176,282 90,779,364 32,306,674 28,250,370 35,817,916 33,152,637 25,942,238 12,208,652 12,991,718 6,899,560
1,320,303,213 920,006,374 800,079,200 485,072,290 259,483,215 250,699,744 224,771,620 228,294,970 161,442,938 109,377,422 88,112,623 95,317,680 30,523,404 34,594,095 37,738,193 33,929,463 21,557,470 15,980,331 16,995,863 8,427,555
1,416,785,205 1,200,019,501 724,151,970 462,712,449 294,935,398 278,247,661 269,672,475 221,931,689 177,309,554 125,190,640 95,608,820 85,939,275 37,561,842 36,531,499 36,362,347 33,834,958 27,846,773 22,557,016 18,432,217 12,709,630
Total EXTRA-EU28
4,719,781,620
5,216,926,812
5,664,637,750
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Industry Focus 101 Export Quantity from the EU Member States (Ton) Partners
Years
2016
2017
2018
100,679 69,021 38,721 36,071 28,299 22,520 20,228 20,848 18,676 11,246 10,702 9,029 3,768 5,972 4,926 3,515 4,992 5,087 5,210 3,174
112,089 77,894 42,079 40,417 36,148 28,840 27,718 23,453 20,196 12,548 11,844 10,596 4,790 6,751 5,970 5,461 5,708 5,916 4,583 3,466
106,479 85,591 42,929 37,374 37,289 31,309 30,882 25,643 23,395 12,587 12,568 9,689 7,364 6,355 6,103 5,780 5,555 4,661 4,519 3,870
486,444
551,053
568,830
China USA Switzerland Turkey Russia Brazil Mexico India Norway Liechtenstein South Africa Morocco Ukraine Serbia Thailand Australia Argentina UAE Canada Egypt
Total EXTRA-EU28
Export Value from the EU Member States (EURO) Partners
Years
China USA Switzerland Turkey Mexico Russia Brazil India Norway South Africa Morocco Singapore Canada Liechtenstein Japan Australia S. Korea UAE Thailand Saudi Arabia
Total EXTRA-EU28
2016
2017
2018
779,539,220 636,136,641 279,719,731 218,666,617 156,619,562 156,013,356 140,838,744 136,211,201 119,187,173 73,283,677 63,778,107 48,695,133 69,610,214 64,649,294 54,036,767 44,763,917 50,776,053 51,313,164 43,985,768 60,640,571
882,449,192 726,180,006 308,168,959 239,486,570 201,744,082 197,624,207 166,976,691 153,327,889 121,454,716 84,182,639 74,183,931 67,208,319 71,032,960 76,306,754 55,255,916 54,839,371 56,102,825 52,365,713 47,593,627 43,694,303
897,219,398 828,434,088 322,245,957 231,372,662 225,632,761 212,545,383 178,891,901 176,786,469 138,667,729 77,218,021 75,295,135 69,916,873 68,513,979 68,253,329 58,172,288 57,274,474 57,237,604 48,358,195 46,861,961 37,484,493
3,769,984,925
4,247,283,464
4,486,310,718
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Industry Focus
Analysis of
Fastener and Car Trade Between China and USA in 2018
by Shervin Shahidi Hamedani The US-China trade tension or better to call it “A Potential Trade War” has caught the attention of many business communities since last year. Late 2018, China declared cutting tariffs by 15 percent imposed on cars manufactured in and imported from the U.S. This could be a good sign of stabilizing both countries’ trades, but it didn’t last long as China pulled back from that promise one month before its execution and increased the tariff on American cars to 40 percent. Previously, China had been slapping 25 percent tariffs on all imported cars, compared to the 2.5 percent duty charged by the U.S. on imports.
On the other hand, last year, US announced new tariffs on imported China-built cars including those from the U.S. auto companies. Consequently, some of the US automakers have decided not to proceed with their new production plans in China and that made the trade imbalance more sophisticated between these two countries ever than before. In the first half of the year 2018, the total number of China vehicle import decreased by 13% while the sales in China market increased by 10.2%. With this introduction, we could easily derive the conclusion of volatile and unbalanced trade statistics in 2018 between China and USA compared with previous years. The number of US vehicle brands exports to China is not significant and it accounts for only 1 percent of total vehicles sold in China. However, the big 3 US car manufacturers still have a substantial production footprint with sale dependencies on the Chinese market.
In 2018, China’s imports from the US was about USD10.2 billion which has been reduced by more than 20% from the total value of car imports in 2017. The total number of cars exported from US manufacturers to the Chinese market was about 194 thousand units. On the other hand, the exports value to the US market from China increased by more than 20% with the total value of USD2.06 billion compared with USD 1.7 billion in 2017. The total number of cars exported to the US market from China was more than 300 thousand units.
There are four big players in OEMs in China, and the US is one of them after Germany and Japan. Another country is South Korea which is ranked the 4th place after the US. Last year the US OEM’s market share in China was about 11.6% (by June 2018) which was lower than 2016 and 2017, both with 12.6% of the total OEM market in China. This happened when China vehicle exports increased by 24.1% within the same period of time supported by its rapid advancement in technologies and regulations.
A cooling trade relation between these two countries destructively has influenced on the future business relation between the US and China in the automotive industry and its supply chain framework. Both upstream and downstream have been suffering in a highly challenging and disputed environment including the fastener industry.
Based on the trade statistics between China and the US, auto import from US manufacturers is ranked at the 3rd largest import category from US after aerospace and oilseeds & grains. This could clarify the importance of the Chinese market for the US auto makers.
China has become the largest producer and exporter of industrial fasteners in the region supported by the presence of several small and medium players in this market. Large manufacturers keep investing in R&D and expanding their production from standard fasteners into special fasteners to support growing application-specific demand in order to remain relevant in this highly competitive and changing market. Additionally, increasing investments in vehicle manufacturing and maintenance in China support the fastener production growth in this country.
During the first two quarters of 2018, the number of China vehicle production increased by 3.9%; however if the US-China trade conflict continues the production cost for China based manufacturers will increase. This is due to the nature of this industry which is globalized more than ever with high complexity of its value chain. Therefore, US-based car manufacturers should similarly expect the higher production cost. Although many of the tariff increases have not come into effect since last year, analysts estimated nearly 2 million reduction of vehicles sales if all those new restrictions incurred.
China dominates the fastener industry in Asia Pacific region, accounting for more than forty percent of the regional revenue. This is mainly because of massive production volumes of vehicles as well as production of industrial machinery in this country and the region. The major exports destination of Chinese fasteners is the US market. Chinese manufacturers exported more than USD 1.36 billion fasteners to the US in 2018. This value is significantly higher than the total exports to the second largest exports market for Chinese manufacturers,
Russia, with about USD348 million worth of fastener exports. The third largest exports market for Chinese fastener manufacturers is Japan with the total value of USD 304 million fastener imports from China in 2018. This shows the importance of the US market for Chinese manufacturers and how the tension between these two countries can impact their business relations drastically. In 2016, the total value of fastener imports from the US to Chinese market was about USD 346 million. This value increased by more than 17% in 2017 with the total imports value of USD 408 million. In 2018, the trade statistics did not have any growth but the imports value slightly decreased to USD 407 million. The chart below illustrates the fastener trade statistics between China and the US in the last three years. It explains that the trade dispute between these two countries has more impact on the US fasteners exports to China rather than imports.
USA
Bilateral Trade Between China and USA Fastener (HS Code 7318)
1,600,000,000 1,400,000,000 1,200,000,000 1,000,000,000 800,000,000 600,000,000 400,000,000 200,000,000 -
2016
2017
2018
China's Imports from the US 346,091,000 407,551,000 406,933,000 Although China is not the major exports China's Export to the US 901,224,000 1,042,092,000 1,364,326,000 destination for American manufacturers, this country strategically is very important for the US manufacturers. China is the major exports destination for most of American fastener exporters after Canada, Mexico and Brazil. However, with the new NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) if the tension between China and the US reduces, the fasteners exports to the Chinese market will increase in the near future.
Sources: PWC US-China Trade Dispute and its Impact on the Chinese Auto Market, Aug2018 Asia Pacific Industrial Fasteners Market 2018-2025 Report by PR Newswire ITC, Trade Map, Trade statistics for international business development
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Industry Focus Trade Overview In January 2019 the growth of industrial production in Poland reached 6.1 percent year-on-year, higher than a 2.8 percent growth recorded in December last year. From 1992 until January 2019 the average industrial production growth in Poland was about 6.3%. The highest growth within this period was in March of 2004 with 23.5 percent and the lowest one was in the first month of 2019 with -15.30 percent. Poland benefits from its labour force quality which is backed by a reasonably high level of efficiency and comparably low wages. Additionally, the consistency and strength of Poland’s macroeconomic, development of country’s infrastructure as well as opening up the country’s trade borders have put Poland’s economy at the healthy growing stage. This country recorded 5 percent GDP growth last year and it is projected that its GDP growth will continue in the next 2 years.
Analysis of Fastener by Shervin Shahidi Hamedani
in
Trade
Poland in 2018
In terms of trade statistics, Poland’s major export destinations are European countries. The percentage of its export va lue t o t he E u r op ea n cou nt r ies compared with the total global export in recent years was more than 80 percent. In 2017, for example, only a minority of export was shipped to Asia (about 6%), North America (about 4%), Africa and Latin America (about 2%) and the rest was delivered to European countries. On t he ot her ha nd, i n ter ms of i m p o r t s, t h is c o u n t r y h a s m a jo r suppliers from various countries in Asia other than Europe. China, South Korea, India, Japan and Taiwan are the key Asian expor ters who have created significant trade deficits for Poland in last two years. They have exported billions of dollars of products in 2018 to Poland while their value of imports from Polish manufacturers are considerably low. In December 2018, Poland recorded a trade deficit of 1,340 EUR million. The average trade balance for Poland was -595.02 EUR million from 2000 until 2018. However, early last year, Poland’s foreign trade turnover increased almost ten-fold. Most of Poland’s imports are capital goods needed for industrial r etooli ng a nd for ma nu fa ct u r i ng inputs like machinery and transport equipment. Among Poland’s trading partners that produce the highest positive trade balances, Polish surpluses with Ukraine, Romania and the United Kingdom have been significantly increased at the
fastest pace in the last few years. The surpluses obviously explain Poland’s competitive advantages with these trading partners, and also show the importance of having particular strategies by Poland for each of these countries in order to optimize the position of Poland in international trade.
Polish Fastener Market Polish fastener market is one of the most impressive and fastest growing market in Europe, supported by growing demand of industrial manufacturing, automotive, aerospace and construction industries both locally and internationally. Overall, the significant portion of local fastener production is used for domestic industries. For instance, Poland is one of the largest global furniture exporters, this industry creates high demand for industrial fasteners in the country for local manufacturers. In the fastener market, more specifically for screws, bolts and nuts (HS Code: 7318), the largest export destination for Polish fastener manufacturers is Germany. In 2018, Poland exported about USD 192.7 million worth of fasteners to Germany. The export value in 2018 significantly increased from 2017 with the value of USD176.1 million. The second largest fastener importer, the UK, who is far behind Germany, imported about USD36 million worth of fasteners from Polish manufacturers
in 2018. The third largest market for Polish fastener manufacturers is France. In 2018, USD21.4 million worth of fasteners were shipped to France from Poland. Other than the above 3 major fastener import markets for Polish exporters, top ten Polish fasteners importers are Sweden, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Russia, Romania, Belgium, Hungary, Belarus, the Netherlands and Norway. It is notable that, other than European countries there is no country from other regions being in this list. The total fastener import value of all these 10 countries is less than the value of fastener imports of Germany. This shows how crucial German market is for Polish fastener exporters. I n cont rast to i mpor ters, Pola nd’s international suppliers who export their products into Poland’s market are diversified by a variety of manufacturers and traders from European and Asian countries as well as America. The value of fastener imports to Poland shows that Germany should still remain at the top of the list and be named as the major fastener exporter to Poland followed by China, Taiwan, Italy, America, France, Czech Republic, Japan, Vietnam, South Korea, Spain and the United Kingdom.
In 2018, a total of USD393.1 million worth of fasteners were imported by Poland from German manufacturers. This amount is slightly less than half of the total fastener import value by Poland in 2018, considering that the list of fastener exporters to the Polish market is ranked based on the value of their exports to Poland. In terms of the quantity of exports, China has the highest number of exports to Poland as a majority of their products are standard fasteners with lower quality and cheaper prices compared wit h t he G er ma n fast eners. Ch i nese exporters sold about USD113.6 million worth of fasteners to the Polish market which is significantly lower than the amount sold by German exporters. However, the quantity of exports in 2018 for Chinese exporters into Poland was 77,747 tons compared with 61,350 tons which German manufacturers shipped to Poland. Polish i ndust r ia l fast ener i mpor ts are strongly dependent on domestic and regional demand. Local industrial growth and exports to the EU (more specifically to Germany) play an essential role of creating fastener demand. Additionally, solid private consumption and rebounding investment in Poland have significant contribution on
generating demand for fastener imports. Polish fastener manufacturers need to take advantage of the opportunities created by changing global market trends. Exporters could become truly competitive on a global scale by focusing on areas in which they are strong. However, the fastener manufacturing sector in Poland still has a long way to grow more specifically in areas like international cooperation, research and development, acquisition of foreign compa nies a nd tech nology. Local ma nufacturers and exporters need efficient and aggressive international promotion. Last but not least, Poland will still require more improvements in infrastructure, make simpler regulations more specifically in order to attract foreign investors, and to invest more and more in new technologies and innovation. Sources: World’s Top Exports, Poland’s Top Trading Partners ITC, Trade statistics for international business development Poland 2025: Europe’s new growth engine by McKinsey & Company
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Innovation Alley Bülte Launches a New Range of Adjustable Feet: The “ SF ” Range The range of levelling/adjustable feet has recently been extended with the “adjustable feet SF” range. The product is composed of a round base (various diameters available) and a hexagon shaped base above the foot. These new adjustable feet have been introduced to the market in the beginning of February 2019. This new range of adjustable feet is fully in Nylon, both the threaded part and the feet, contrary to the levelling feet usually available on the market that are more of a mix between metal and plastic. In comparison with the metal-plastic combined products, Nylon offers various advantages; it is lighter, cheaper, and easier to recycle. It does not conduct electricity and is also not subject to corrosion. Polyamide thus allows the use of our “adjustable feet SF” in areas subject to corrosion which, for reasons of hygiene or for specific regulations, require materials resistant to it.
compiled by Fastener World
furniture, machinery or general appliance. The hexagon which can be found at the top of the thread can be used for adjusting the height of the feet from above the foot, without having to remove it from the application they are attached to. They are easy to install without specific tools and make sure your work surfaces are both even and secure. In terms of design, the standard colour of the “adjustable feet SF” is black nylon. But as Polyamide can be colored as one wishes, according to the RAL chart, the “adjustable feet SF” range will be in line with every kind of industrial application, whatever their color might be.
The hex end in the base allows fastening with a spanner. The nylon base, available in 4 different diameters, provides a smooth non-abrasive surface that protects floors. The adjustable feet then allows adjustment under load. This item is ideal for spanner height adjustable when the product is in application. The adjustable feet with hex end are an excellent solution for the levelling and height adjustment of a piece of
DEWALT® Debuts TOOL CONNECT™ 20V MAX* XR® 1/2" Mid-Range Impact Wrench DEWALT adds to its growing line of 20V MAX* tools with the XR® 1/2" MidRange Impact Wrench featuring the TOOL CONNECT™ system (DCF896). The TOOL CONNECT™ system allows for tool control through its PRECISION WRENCH™ and PRECISION TAP™ control features, as well as a variety of additional customizable settings within the TOOL CONNECT™ app. The TOOL CONNECT™ 20V MAX* XR® 1/2" Mid-Range Impact Wrench achieves 0-2000 RPM, 3100 impacts per minute, and a maximum torque of 330 ft.-lbs. in forward and 600 ft.-lbs. in reverse. At only 6.95” in length and 3.48 lbs. (tool only), it’s a compact choice available in both Hog Ring and Detent Pin configurations. This wrench also features an efficient brushless motor, variable speed trigger, convenient belt clip, and bright LED for illuminating low-lit work areas.
GRK Fasteners™ Introduces the Next Generation of Multi-Purpose Framing and Decking Fasteners GRK Fasteners, known for offering "The Industry's Toughest Screws," has updated its GRK R4™ Multi-Purpose Framing and Decking Fasteners. GRK redesigned the R4 to provide professionals increased
speed for improved productivity. It does so by addressing pros' top challenges. One such challenge is slow engagement, often "solved" by the common practice of using an impact driver and screw to stab the wood to avoid spinning while waiting for the fastener to engage.
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Special Feature 107 "We heard from users that getting a screw started in wood was one of their biggest struggles," says GRK product manager, Nick Prazuch. "The new R4 has a Fast-bite tip that immediately starts in a surface, allowing pros to drive more screws in less time." In addition to productivity-boosting features, the new GRK R4 fastener line was revamped with features designed to ensure better results, including: Fast-bite tip: Immediate start in wood. Eliminates the need for pre-drilling. Precision-fit star bit head: Reduces wobbling, which eliminates the need to hold the fastener as it goes in, allowing for faster, more confident driving, and makes working in tight spaces easier W-Cut™: Reduces installation torque for fast driving and ease of install Optimized thread length: Improves clamping force and drawing power for no gaps between boards and no rework.
60-Volt Cordless Nutrunner Optimizes High-Torque Fastening Applications S TAN LEY Assembly Technologies, a brand of STAN LEY Engineered Fastening, is extending its B-Series cordless tool line to include the B44L angle-lever cordless nutrunner. Thanks to its 60-volt DEWALT® FLEXVOLT™ battery, the B44L is the most powerful cordless nutrunner available to the assembly market. For added convenience, the B44L can store data for up to 500 fastening cycles and two trace sequences. It also has a built-in
controller with wireless capability. This allows seamless integration with the plant’s existing communications system. The B44L is available in four models with speed ratings from 243 to 573 rpm and maximum torque ranges of 55 to 120 Nm. The ½" drive is also offered in square, doubleended and flush socket configurations.
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Special Feature
TR Fastenings Showcases Range of Specially Engineered Security Components I nternational specialist in the design, engineering, manufacture and distribution of high quality industrial and Cat. C fasteners, TR Fastenings (TR), is proud to be able to support a wide variety of sectors with its range of specialist security fasteners, engineered to prevent theft, deter vandalism and boost health and safety. The security fastener range complements TR’s wider catalogue of industrial fastenings and can be used alongside or instead of standard parts. The security fasteners have added features to ensure that the products and their enclosed components cannot be tampered with or become loose, causing damage or injury. They also ensure that the components within the enclosed structures cannot be removed, other than by a specially trained technician with bespoke tools. Design features of security fasteners include: (1) Unusual shapes to prevent tampering, requiring non-standard drives such as 2-hole pig-nosed fittings. (2) Tapered diameters, resistant to gripping devices. (3) Increased fictional resistance within the bolt, limiting rotation and making it more difficult for the part to be loosened. (4) Aesthetic features such as shear torques and smooth finishes mean that these fasteners can be ultra-secure whilst also looking good: an important consideration when used in high-end and luxury environments.
Japan Lobtex Releases Hybrid Adjustable Angle Wrench X(90th Anniversary Model)Limited Number Advanced function:“90th anniversary laser marking(PAT.) Advanced function:“G-LESS (loose grip prevention) mechanism” (PAT.) The G-LESS mechanism minimizes any loosening in this direction, resulting in improved ease of use. Advanced function:“X-DRIVE” Thanks to the stress relief structure, the new “X-DRIVE” disperses more stress applied to the edges than the conventional tools. Thus,
Japanese LOBTEX Rolls out Nonslipping Hexagonal Wrench Package Suited for Inclined Wrench Insertion LOBTEX launched sales of BWM9S ball-end hexagonal wrenches that prevent slipping when they are inserted at an inclined angle. Ballend hexagonal wrenches conveniently allow users to insert at an angle into the hexagonal bolt hole, but in a high-torque application they would easily slip off from the hole. Therefore, LOBTEX increased the area of contact with the bolt hole and came up with a wrench shape that prevents slipping.
t he X-DR I V E ca n ea si ly apply torque, enabling stable tightening and loosening work, without collapsing the edges. Adva nced f u nction:B-L ess (backlash-free) mechanism The lower jaw rack is sandwiched by “Worm A” and “Worm B” to the point that there is no gapping. Advanced function:RFH (Round formed handle) The newly shaped (round) handle easily fits the hand. Features:
(1) Sp e cia l shap e desig n: P reventi ng slippi ng for per pendicula r, or 20 -degree inclined wrench insertion. (2) Best suited for fastening bolts in a tight or innermost area. (3) T he red holder of t he wrenches is foldable, allowing convenient fetching and storage.
New Simpson Strong-Tie® SDWS Timber SS Screw Provides Durability and Efficiency Simpson Strong-Tie, the leader in engineered structural connectors and building solutions, announced the official launch of the Strong-Drive SDWS Timber SS Type 316 stainless-steel structural screw, a premium solution for construction and repair of coastal piers, boardwalks, docks and other projects that require structural fastening in extreme saltwater environments. The SDWS Timber SS prototype was specified and successfully fieldtested as the primary pier-board fastener for the $8.7 million modernization of the Pismo Beach Pier. At 1,200 feet long, the Pismo Pier is the 18th longest in California and had several sections that had not been replaced since the pier was constructed in 1928. To ensure that the Pismo Pier project could meet budget and scheduling requirements while providing the structural durability to last many more
Chicago Pneumatic Releases New CP7748 Impact Wrench Chicago Pneumatic has introduced a new powerful ½” impact wrench for vehicle service specialists. Built upon the heritage of the successful previous model, the CP7748 has been designed to offer operators unparalleled levels of power, comfort and durability and is suitable for workshop or roadside assistance tasks such as tire changing. Weighing in at just 4.4 lbs (2 kg) and delivering 960 ft. lbs (1,300 Nm) of power in reverse, the CP7748 impact wrench provides a high power-to-weight ratio.
decades, Morro Bay, CA–based Shoreline Engineering turned to Simpson Strong-Tie for fasteners that were corrosion resistant and easy to install. Available in 3″, 4″, 5″, 6″, 8″, 10 ″ and 12″ lengths, the SDWS Timber SS features a patented SawTooth™ point to eliminate the predrilling and counterboring required by lag screws while providing greater load ratings than spikes without nail-pops and their associated tripping hazards. The SDWS Timber SS 316 stainless-steel structural screw complements the StrongDrive® family of fasteners and is anticipated to provide a broad range of fastener solutions for coastal pier, boa rdwalk and ledger applications where a flat, flush washer head is advantageous. At the heart of the design is an innovative forward/reverse and power control set up based on a ring system, which is more ergonomic than controls on the back of the tool. Users can either change direction by pushing buttons easily with one hand, or simply by turning the ring from anywhere around the tool. The CP7748 also offers two different settings in the forward position (40 percent of maximum power and full power) and a full power setting in reverse. This ring system facilitates the use of the CP7748 in
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Special Feature tight places without having to remove the tool to change direction. The CP7748 can comfortably be used in confined spaces since it is compact. The tool measures only 6.89 inches (175 mm) in length.
Chicago Pneumatic has designed the new impact wrench with durability in mind. Featuring a ha rd ch romium aluminum cylinder that surrounds the motor and twin hammer mechanism, the CP7748 wrench delivers optimum performance in the toughest operating environment. The CP7748 is also available in 2â&#x20AC;? anvil.
Japanese KTC Works with Hitachi on AR-Enabled Bolt Fastening System KTC worked with Hitachi and YAMAGATA and developed a bolt fastening system that shows the fastening position of bolts on a headmount display via AR technology. With this system, operators will be able to check the meter and make sure they are fastening the bolt with rule-compliant force. They can also use the system for digital management. The system will be put into tests and is expected to make train production more efficient.
Japanese Nitto Seiko Develops Collar-less Self-tapping Screws In recent years the Japanese automotive industry started a boom of lightweighting and has increasing demand for automotive selfdrilling screws. Of all the types of self-drilling screws, the ones used for resin do not trigger creep (the tendency of a solid material to move slowly or deform permanently under the influence of mechanical stresses) when exposed in high temperatures. For creep prevention, usually a less heat-deformable iron collar and an insert nut are embedded into the resin which then will be fastened. However, this method will increase the use of components, processes and cost, which is against the priciples of lightweighting. Nitto Seiko has successfully developed self-drilling screws for resin that are free from the use of collars and insert nuts. Their axial portion has two different kinds of threads with identitcal thread pitch. Through the threads, the screws self-tap into the
material to be fastened and the mating material. This mechanism prevents wobble and creep in the case of axial force reduction and creep. The screws launched sales since February 1 with a sales target of 1 million pieces to the automotive and household appliance industries by 2020.
Japanese TOP Kogyo Company Rolls out "Head-Swing Locking Ratchet Wrench" TOP Kogyo developed the "Head-Swing Locking Ratchet Wrench"
for fastening nuts. The ratchet part can rotate 180 degrees and locks up at every 22.5 degrees. The ratchet part can fasten nuts even when it is bent and therefore is perfect for fastening innermost nuts that are difficult to reach. The circumference of the ratchet part is colored to differentiate the front side from the back side. The front side has an engraved
arrow sign. Face the yellow side upwards and turn the wrench in the direction of the arrow sign, you will fasten up the nut while avoiding erroneous operations. The wrench comes in 10 types, including models from 8 mm to 24 mm diameters, and is supplied to the machinery, construction and automotive industries.
Japanese Kobayashi Mekki Develops Continuous Visual Inspection Device for Electroplating Inspection every check item for inspection targets of different sizes and T he continuous visual inspection device developed by Kobayashi Mekki has an embedded artificial intelligence software to automatically recognize poorly electroplated and non-plated products. The device no longer has to reconfigure
shapes, thus realizing automated inspection procedure. With the device, the company will first achieve full inspection of product sizes below and including M2, and then expand the size range and increase inspection items in the future.
2018 Financial Reports of Fastener Companies
Compiled by Fastener World Updated on April 1, 2019 Companies in alphabetical order
Monetary unit in millions
U.S. Chicago Rivet & Machine Period
(USD)
Net Sales
Gross Profit
Operating Profit
Net Income
Total Assets
2018
37.17
7.90
2.40
2.00
2017
35.76
7.91
2.36
2.07
33.24 as of Dec. 2018
Change (%)
▲3.9
▼0.1
▲1.6
▼3.3
Year Ended Dec.
vs.
31.81 as of Dec. 2017
KLX Period Year Ended Jan.
(USD)
Revenues
Operating Earnings
Pre-tax Earnings
Net Earnings
Total Assets
3,790.0 as of Jan. 2018
2018
1,740.8
216.3
140.5
53.4
2017
1,494.1
129.4
53.5
48.2
Change (%)
▲16.5
▲61.7
▲162.6
▲10.7
Nucor Period Year Ended Dec.
(USD)
Net Sales
Pre-tax Earnings
Net Earnings
2018
25,067.27
3,229.39
2,360.76
2017
20,252.39
1,749.95
1,318.68
▲23.7
▲84.5
▲79.0
Change (%)
Total Assets
17,920.58 as of Dec. 2018 vs.
15,841.25 as of Dec. 2017
Simpson Strong-Tie Period
vs.
3,698.3 as of Jan. 2017
(USD)
Net Sales
Gross Profit
Operating Income
Pre-tax Income
Net Income
Total Assets
2018
1,078.80
480.51
176.20
175.99
129.50
2017
977.02
443.38
137.91
144.41
92.61
1,021.65 as of Dec. 2018
Change (%)
▲10.4
▲8.3
▲27.7
▲21.8
Year Ended Dec.
TriMas Period Year Ended Dec.
Net sales
(USD)
Gross Profit
Operating Profit
Pre-tax Income
Net Income
2018
877.14
244.12
122.07
105.98
83.30
2017
817.74
219.39
89.17
66.21
30.96
▲7.2
▲11.2
▲36.8
▲60.0
▲169.0
Change (%)
vs.
▲39.8 1,037.52 as of Dec. 2017
Total Assets
1,100.52 as of Dec. 2018 vs.
1,033.20 as of Dec. 2017
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Industry Focus
Europe Bufab Period Year Ended Dec.
(SEK)
Gross Profit
Net Sales
Operating Profit
Pre-tax Profit
Net Profit
2018
3,786
1,088
358
329
255
2017
3,201
917
304
278
213
Change (%)
▲18.2
▲18.6
▲17.7
▲18.3
▲19.7
Bulten Period Year Ended Dec.
Operating Pre-tax Earnings Earnings
Net Earnings
2018
3,132
586
210
198
143
2017
2,856
558
210
210
159
Change (%)
▲9.6
▲5.0
▲0.0
▼5.7
▼10.0
LISI Period Year Ended Dec.
EBITDA
Operating Net Profit Result
2018
1,645.09 1,693.98
225.41
125.29
96.79
2017
1,643.35 1,669.13
256.17
167.71
106.95
▼12.0
▼25.2
Change (%)
▲0.1
Period
▲1.4
Gross Profit
Operating Profit
Pre-tax Profit
2018
1,084.10
626.16
133.54
121.87
91.78
2017
1,017.10
600.17
137.78
121.73
119.81
▲6.5
▲4.3
▼3.0
▲0.1
▼23.3
Net Profit
Vossloh Period Year Ended Dec.
Revenues
EBIT
Net Income
865.0
54.2
22.7
2017
918.3
70.3
0.3
Change (%)
▼5.8
▼22.9
▲75 folds
Würth Period
Total Assets
1,865.77 as of Dec. 2018 vs.
as of Dec. 2017
Total Assets
1,471.68 as of Dec. 2018 vs.
1,312.03 as of Dec. 2017
Total Assets
1,471.68 as of Dec. 2018 vs.
1,312.03 as of Dec. 2017 (EUR)
Sales
Operating Result
2018
13,600
860
2017
12,700
780
▲7.0
▲10.2
Change (%)
vs.
2,178 as of Dec. 2017
(EUR)
2018
Year Ended Dec.
2,338 as of Dec. 2018
(EUR)
Revenues
Change (%)
Total Assets
▼9.4 1,827.31
Norma Year Ended Dec.
vs.
3,274 as of Dec. 2017
(EUR)
Total Operating Revenues
Sales
3,694 as of Dec. 2018
(SEK)
Gross Profit
Net Sales
Total Assets
Total Assets
-
Japan JPF Period
(JPN)
Revenue
Operating Profit (Loss)
2018
7,400
(165)
(249)
(330)
2017
7,799
100
124
117
Change (%)
▼5.1
---
---
---
8,642 as of Dec. 2018
Prospect for Year Ended Dec.
7,800
70
50
15
9,687 as of Dec. 2017
Change (%)
▲5.4
---
---
---
Year Ended Dec.
2019
Ordinary Profit (Loss)
Net Profit (Loss)
Nitto Seiko Period Year Ended Dec.
Revenue
Total Assets
vs.
(JPN)
Operating Profit
Ordinary Profit
Net Profit
Total Assets
2018
33,777
2,976
3,217
2,048
2017
30,074
2,658
2,809
1,604
Change (%)
▲12.3
▲12.0
▲14.5
▲27.7
43,362 as of Dec. 2018 40,877 as of Dec. 2017
2019
Prospect for Year Ended Dec.
Change (%)
Southeast Asia Period Year Ended Dec.
35,400
3,100
3,250
2,050
▲4.8
▲4.2
▲1.0
▲0.1
PS Fasteners Revenue
(SGD)
Gross Profit
Pre-tax Profit (Loss)
Net Profit (Loss)
2018
11.08
3.00
0.10
0.06
2017
9.82
2.72
(0.45)
(0.50)
▲12.8
▲10.3
---
---
Change (%)
TechFast Period Year Ended Dec.
Total Income
Operating Profit
Pre-tax Profit
Net Income
30.42
5.21
5.59
3.98
2017
26.78
4.47
5.08
3.67
Change (%)
▲13.6
▲16.4
▲10.1
▲12.8
Taeyang Metal Period
Gross Profit
Operating Profit
Net Income
2018
325,811.61
35,226.34
5,162.00
2,516.59
2017
338,292.73
40,075.52
11,725.69
1,091.13
▼3.6
▼12.1
▼55.9
▲130.6
Change (%)
15.21 as of Dec. 2018 vs.
14.22 as of Dec. 2017
Total Assets
30.98 as of Dec. 2018 vs.
29.45 as of Dec. 2017
(KRW)
Revenues
Year Ended Dec.
Total Assets
(MYR)
2018
S. Korea
vs.
Total Assets
396,326 as of Dec. 2018 vs.
377,069 as of Dec. 2017
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European News Provided by Fastener + Fixing Magazine www.fastenerandfixing.com compiled by Fastener World
Bufab Reports Record Sales, Third Year Running For the third consecutive year Bufab reported record full year sales – up 18% year-on-year. Operating and net profits were also at new record levels. Bufab net sales in 2018 increased 18% to SEK 3.786 billion (€360.7 million), of which 8% was organic growth. Operating profit (EBITA) increased to SEK 367 million (2017: SEK 311 million), corresponding to an operating margin of 9.7%, unchanged from 2017. Fourth quarter net sales rose 17% (4% organic). Operating margin for the quarter eased to 8.5% (Q4 2017: 8.7%). President and CEO, Jörgen Rosengren, said Q4 growth was primarily due to strong contributions from acquisitions, but also exchange rates and market shares. "We saw no signs of a substantial slowdown in the economy, but did note increased caution among our customers. This drove a certain postponement of volumes until after the end of the year, which, on the other hand, led to a healthy start for sales in January 2019." Rosengren said Q4 gross margin was considerably weaker than Q4 2017 and Q3 2018, entirely due to performance in Sweden, where the business had been under pressure throughout the year from high purchasing prices and a weak Swedish Krona. The consolidated gross margin remained unchanged in 2018. “We have implemented major price increases for our customers in both segments, thereby fully offsetting the higher purchasing prices,” Rosengren noted. “At the end of 2018, the increases in the prices of raw materials levelled off. The prerequisites are thus favourable for purchasing savings to be made this year.” Rosegren continued: “We captured market shares throughout 2018. This was not a matter of a few random successes, but of many hundreds of new customers across all of our markets. Such a broad increase would not have been possible without the focus in prior years on recruitment, personal development, processes and tools in our sales organisation. We also significantly increased the pace of our purchasing by appointing a person in Group management in charge of this and, under her leadership, invest in our organisation, tools and processes.” Rosengren noted the acquisition of Rudhäll Industri in late 2018 and reiterated: “We have our sights set on other acquisitions”. He concluded, "Ahead of 2019, there is unusually large macro-economic uncertainty. However, regardless of how the market performs, we will continue to work towards our goal: to be the strongest company in our industry in 2020."
Fastener Segment Leads SFS Growth SFS Group reported “solid sales growth” of 6.5% in 2018, taking its consolidated sales total to CHF 1.739 billion (€1.54 billion). Operating profit increase to CHF 243 million, corresponding to 14% of net sales. SFS says “this attractive sales development was broadly based in terms of end markets and geographies” with “a solid and balanced organic growth rate of 5%” in the Group’s core business activities, reflecting the strength of SFS’s customerspecific solutions for selected niche markets. While broadly based, growth was led by the Fastening Systems segment, which reported full year sales of CHF 437.1 million, an increase of 13.8% over 2017. SFS says t he segment strengthened its competitive position and captured increased share as a result of its innovative products – new product launches were a strong sales driver, and the segment enjoyed a ‘good market environment”. Organic growth was 5.6% with the consolidation of HECO into the Group contributing 5.8% of reported sales growth. Engineered Component sales were CHF 976 million, up 4.4%; Distribution & Logistics sales were CHF 334.5 million, up 3.6%. The growth rate slowed in the second half 2018, which SFS says, can be traced to comparison against strong sales growth in the previous year and “an unexpectedly sharp, temporary decline in demand during the fourth quarter, especially from customers in the automotive and electronics industry”. Currency effects had a positive effect of 1.4% on reported sales. Switzerland accounted for 20.4% of total sales, with the rest of Europe contributing 41.1%. Sales in the Americas represented 17.7%; and Asia 20.6%. Africa and Australia accounted for 0.2%. The preliminary results indicated an increase in operating profit by 23% to CHF 243 million. Full results were published on 8 March 2019.
Hilti Reports 10.7% Sales Growth in 2018 Hilti Group reported that its 2018 full year sales had increased 10.7% to CHF 5.6 billion. Factoring out acquisition effects, sales increased 9.7% year-on-year. CEO Christoph Loos commented: “2018 was an important year for the Hilti Group. We made substantial investments into innovations, market reach and our infrastructure, laying the foundation for long-term profitable growth. With double-digit sales growth, we have reached our goal. However, due to the continuing global trade tensions, we see a reduction in growth dynamic.” In Europe, Hilti achieved strong sales growth at 10.6% in local currencies. The only exception was the United Kingdom, where “BREXIT is creating uncertainties in the construction industry”. Hilti also recorded double-digit growth in North America (+10.4%), while Latin America continued an “upward swing” with an increase of 8.6%. Asia-Pacific sales grew 7%. “In spite of the challenges in countries like Turkey, Russia and Saudi Arabia” the Eastern Europe/Middle East/Africa region increased sales by 9.3%.
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European News KYOCERA SENCO Acquires Van Aerden Group KYOCERA SENCO Industrial Tools Inc is to acquire 100% ownership of Van Aerden Group BV, a European-based distributor and manufacturer of pneumatic tools and fasteners. Through the acquisition, KYOCERA SENCO Industrial Tools Inc - a subsidiary of Kyocera Corporation – will expand its global pneumatic tool and fastener business. Effective 1st March 2019, Van Aerden Group BV was renamed KYOCERA AERFAST Europe BV. With the manufacturing and sales assets of pneumatic tools and fasteners that this acquisition brings, KSIT aims to strengthen its business in Europe.
VIPA Opens Fully Automated Third Warehouse VIPA has completed its third high-bay automated warehouse, increasing its storage capacity by an additional 30,000 pallet spaces to an eye watering 150,000 spaces. Resulting in over 65,000 different products - including different sizes, coatings and materials - available from stock. VIPA SpA moved to its current head office in Rolo, Italy, in 2001, and began with one high-bay warehouse, which is 135m long and 35m high, including five automated aisles. By 2007 the company expanded with a second high-bay warehouse, with an extra seven automated aisles – with all twelve aisles working in synchronisation.
standards. Our SB bolts are supplied with CE Marking in accordance with the construction standards 89-106 and 109 EN-1 and 2 – part of the category of high strength bolts.” Another important range available from VIPA, is its construction hex head bolts, according to EN 14399, available in plain and HDG, from M12 to M36. VIPA supplies both trade and industry and in addition to its companies in Italy, and it has five branches in Spain, France, Germany, China and Czech Rep.
The third warehouse, built to the same dimensions as the other two warehouses, has increased VIPA’s storage capacity by 25% and will also be synchronised. However, the third warehouse is fully automated. “The addition of the third warehouse means that we will have access to a totally automated 24 hour system,” mentions VIPA. “The machines will be operational round the clock.” To go alongside the three warehouses, VIPA also has a fully equipped laboratory, which can conduct a wide variety of quality tests to guarantee the products according to certified and known norms. “We are also certified as a producer for structural bolts according to EN 15048:2007
Trifast Continues Solid Growth and Investment Trifast Plc reported Group revenue for the six months to 30th September 2018 at GB£105 million (€116.7 million), an increase of 7.3% at actual exchange rate. Organic revenue grew by 4.2% at constant exchange rate with gross margins holding above target. Profit before tax was GB£8 million, 12% down year-on-year. Underlying profit rose 6.8% at constant exchange rate. European revenue grew 6.6% to GB£38.4 million (AER), including double digit growth in the automotive sector in Holland, electronics sector in Hungary, and general industrial sector in Germany. In Italy, ongoing volume reductions from the Group's largest domestic appliance customer offset some of the gains. UK revenue increased 10.8% to GB£39.2 million, with the majority of the increase emanating from the acquisition of Precision Technology Supplies. Gross margin gains from the acquisition were largely offset by expected lower margins from other UK business due to purchase price inflation as a result of Sterling weakness. Trifast emphasised that around 70% of Group revenues and profits are generated outside the UK. Notwithstanding the longer-term implications of BREXIT, Trifast believes shorter term operational and financial impact will be manageable, with a cross-functional team having worked for two years to prepare to mitigate the risks of a no-deal scenario. Asian revenue grew 3.9% to GB£30.8 million, largely driven by domestic appliance business i n Si ngapore a nd increased distributor sales from Taiwan factories. In China ongoing automotive
growth offset a decline in electronic business, some of which migrated to India, where TR says it is starting to recover sales. Excellent growth in the USA, with revenues increasing 31.1% to GB£4.3million, was primarily due to ongoing penetration into existing automotive multinational OEM customers. To support this strong regional growth, Trifast has relocated to a larger distribution facility. Trifast invested GB£1.3 million in increased manufacturing capacity and capability, notably in Singapore and Italy, “with more to follow”. Considering key market sectors, Trifast said 90% of its automotive business is not related to the combustion engine, which means that increased electric vehicle production represents a significant growth opportunity. Trifast does expect short term reductions in UK automotive volumes due to changes in product cycles and model builds reflecting decreased demand for diesel powertrains. Customer specific factors, particularly in Italy and China, resulted in muted performance in the domestic appliance and electronic sectors. However, strong growth in other regions gives Trifast confidence that these markets continue to have attractive long-term potential.
Henkel Starts Work on New Global Innovation Centre Henkel has laid the cornerstone for its new Adhesives Technologies Global Innovation Centre at its headquarters in Düsseldorf, Germany. The company will be investing more than €130 million in this state-of-the-art building and, once completed, the facility will enhance the development of new technologies and applications for a variety of industries. Henkel’s new Adhesives Technologies Global Innovation Centre will also serve as a global customer centre where Henkel will present solutions for adhesives, sealants and functional coatings. It will support UK customers seeking tailor-made solutions and provide complementary facilities to those at Henkel’s UK headquarters in Hemel Hempstead. The seven-story centre will contain numerous laboratories, research and testing facilities, office space and conference rooms spreading over an area of 50,000m2. It will house around 350 employees from R&D, product development, application technology and service that currently work in different buildings across the Düsseldorf site. The opening of the innovation centre is planned for the end of 2020.
Apolo MEA Rebrands Under the Name CELO Apolo M EA Befestigungssysteme GmbH will rebrand under the name CELO Befestigungssysteme GmbH. This change solely concerns the company name, the legal form of the company, the general managers and the address remain the same. This step is the logical consequence of the dynamic growth of the CELO Group, to which Apolo MEA Befestigungssysteme has belonged since 2009. CELO Group is an internationally successf u l fa m i ly- ow ne d g r oup of companies, with a core competence in the development, manufacturing and distribution of high-quality technical screws and technical fixings. In recent years the group has expanded strongly mainly through acquisitions – in that sense the time has come to unite the diversity of brands within the CELO Group. CELO is preparing for the future with a uniform, fresh appearance of the entire group. The CELO Group employs around 360 people in 17 countries worldwide, owns four production sites in Germany, Spain, China, and the United States, and delivers its products to more than 80 countries. CELO Befestigungssysteme GmbH will remain loyal to its Aichach location in Germany. In recent years, innovative fastening systems have been launched on the market from here. Due to the positive business development, further investments are planned at the location in Aichach.
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European News Seeing How It’s Made
NORMA Reports Strong Organic Sales Growth
With the invaluable support of Barton Cold Form, an Optimas company, the British & Irish Association of Fastener Distributors ( BI A F D) d e l i ve r e d a n o t h e r s u c c e s s f u l Introduction to Fastener Manufacturing day. Thirty delegates from BIAFD member companies, visited the Barton manufacturing facility in Droitwich Spa, UK, in February. The day comprised a one-hour seminar on fastener forming processes, presented by BIAFD director, Phil Matten; an introduction to Barton and its processes by sales manager, Zak Tolley; and a guided tour of the production operation. Significantly, for more than three-quarters of the delegates, this was their first opportunity to see fastener manufacturing. “Previous groups have rated seeing the actual processes and having them explained by experienced production managers, as one of the biggest values of the day,” said Phil. “BIAFD began arranging these tours some five years ago, working also with the British Steel Wire Rod Mill in Scunthorpe. The aim is to help distribution personnel, who in their normal role will not see the product made, recognise the complexity of engineering skill and technology behind what can sometimes be written off as ‘only a screw’.” Several of the team from Phil Holden Fasteners, owned by current BIAFD chairman Guy Stanhope, have already attended. “For independent, mid-sized fastener distributors like PHF, these BIAFD events are invaluable and are just one of a number of reasons our membership is a no-brainer,” says Guy. “There is simply no more effective way for our people to get their heads around what it takes to manufacture the products they are selling each day, and I am absolutely sure that makes a positive difference for PHF.” BIAFD’s next member event is a technical seminar, already expecting more than 50 attendees, focusing on hydrogen embrittlement and the implications of the recently published revision to EN ISO 4042, the electroplated coating systems for fasteners standard.
NORMA increased Group sales by 7% to €817.1 million in the first nine months of 2018. Organic growth was strong at 9.7%. However, its EBITA margin slipped to 16%, impacted by raw material inflation and US tariffs. The acquisitions of Fengfan, Kimplas and Statek contributed 1.4% to Group sales growth. Negative currency effects reduced sales growth by 4.1%. Nine-month sales in Europe, Middle East and Africa grew 1.8% to €375.7 million, including contribution from the acquisition of Statek in August. Growth weakened in the third quarter, mainly due to the generally difficult situation in the European automotive sector with declining production figures. American sales rose 7.9% to €334.3 million buoyed by good order volume in the commercial vehicles and agricultural machinery business in the US. In the Asia-Pacific region, nine-month sales rose by 26.5% year-on-year to €107.2 million. This reflected very good business performance in the Engineered Joining Technology division, with additional contributions from the acquisition of Kimplas. Adjusted EBITA declined by 2.9% in the first nine months to €130.5 million. The adjusted EBITA margin was 16% - down from 17.6% in the same period 2017. NORMA says the main reason for the decline in earnings and margin was the tense situation on the international raw material markets. Higher prices for stainless steel and alloy surcharges, force majeure in the area of important plastic components and the US punitive tariffs on steel had a negative impact. Raw material shortages temporarily generated variable special costs in procurement, production and logistics.
Company Founder Rainer Lederer Retires Rainer Lederer founded the company that continues to bear his name 49 years ago together with Hans Lipinski. At the beginning of 2019 he retires fully from a business that has grown to become one of the most respected in the European fastener sector. In the 1970s and 1980s Rainer Le-derer developed the company, at that time still Lederer + Lipinski, into one of the market leaders for the trade with stainless steel screws in Europe. Making the move to Ennepetal in 1975 and then with the construction of the new building in Katzbachstraße in 1988, he took major economic risks. They paid off, and throughout the company was always very profitable. At the beginning of the 1990s he realised that it was also possible to be successful with special screws and C-parts management. With this he laid the foundations for all the things that make Lederer what it is today and with which it remains very successful. When he handed over the company in 2012, his son, Dr. Volker Lederer, was able to take over a very profitable and respected company. Rainer Lederer had not only done an outstanding job economically, but also from a human point of view. What about the personal relationship between founder and successor? When father and son work together, conflicts are practically inevitable. It's no secret that the two were absolutely no exception in this respect. However, Rainer Lederer has acted confidently and with foresight when it comes to important decisions. As early as 2006, he told his son that in case of disagreement, it was Volker Lederer that could make the final decision. Rainer Lederer's simple and accurate reasoning: After all, the company is his son's future, not his!
CONTENTS NO.56
JUN., 2019
封面故事 3 Timber Screws 改良再進化，2019司徒加特螺絲展新亮點 －海寧市海迅貿易有限公司
公司報導 2
坐擁9座研發中心 持續精進表面處理技術 －科文特亞環保電鍍技術(江蘇)有限公司
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SACMA－為您打造高品質品牌形象
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緊固全球、緊固生活 －宁波威鋒緊固件有限公司
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從製造到倉管出貨 包辦所有供應鏈 －溫州君浩實業有限公司
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跳脫標準才能成就不可能 非標準件專家 －嘉興市固威貿易有限公司
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銅基合金緊固件種類最多、規格最齊全的綜合性工廠 －宇聲金屬製品有限公司
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8
產業報導
10 永不妥協的品質承諾 最好的鑽尾螺絲成型機 －昶詠機械股份有限公司
12 扣件大廠財報 15 2018歐盟最新扣件進出口報告
11 株式會社粉飾製作所 日本自攻螺絲職人專業廠推出 －「高張力螺絲100」
40 2018波蘭扣件貿易分析 x Shervin Shahidi Hamedani 41 中國緊固工具市場概況分析 x Behrooz Lotfian
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43 2018俄羅斯扣件進出口趨勢分析 x Sharareh Shahidi Hamedani
46 2018中美扣件與汽車貿易分析 x Shervin Shahidi Hamedani
47 中國扣件機械市場概況分析
特別報導
31 扣件新品大道
x Sharareh Shahidi Hamedani
新聞櫥窗
展覽訊息
技術論壇
17 惠達特搜全球新聞
53 展前報導
25 扣件的綜效 x Jozef Dominik
27 歐洲新聞
57 展後報導
50 汽車緊固件品種優化及材料和熱表處理 x 張先鳴
35 美洲新聞
82 2019上海緊固件專業展暨第十屆上海 汽車緊固件展台灣廠商展前宣傳專輯
67 固定式與非固定式扣件 x Peter Standring 69 鋼鐵扣件電鍍層之外處理試驗 x
王維銘
China Fastener World no.56/2019
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公司報導
坐擁9座研發中心 持續精進表面處理技術
科文特亞環保電鍍技術 (江蘇)有限公司 文／科文特亞公司 提供
科文特亞是一家跨國性企業，專門從事表面處 理行業專用化學品的研發、生產，並提供相應的技術 服務。集團總部位於法國巴黎近郊，在全球擁有十幾 家子公司，為不同的電鍍廠及製造業終端客戶提供統 一標準的產品和客戶服務。 科文特亞在全球擁有9個研發中心，分別位於義 大利、德國、法國、英國、美國、韓國、土耳其，每個 研發中心根據當地市場需求進行定向研發。我們的 產品應用于生活中的方方面面，包括汽車、石油、電 子、奢侈品等諸多行業。 集團於2005年在中國獨資建成科文特亞表面 處理技術（蘇州）有限公司，正式進入中國市場。公 司經過十餘年的發展壯大，陸續在武漢、長春、東
莞、青島設立辦事處，並成功積累了一大批優質客戶 資源。為進一步向客戶提供更全面、更優質的產品和 服務，集團於2018年加大在中國的投資力度，在蘇州 新區滸墅關鎮購置土地建成新工廠並更名為科文特 亞環保電鍍技術（江蘇）有限公司。新工廠占地面積 約12500平方米，建築面積約1萬平方米。工廠年產量 2萬噸，成為集團規模最大的生產基地。技術中心面 積約1200平方米，可提供試樣、溶液分析、產品性能 檢測等一系列專業的技術解決方案。 科文特亞始終本著可持續發展的原則，打造專 業人才隊伍，圍繞強化綠色環保理念，為實現互惠 互利孜孜以求、永不懈怠！
聯絡人：李慧 小姐 Email: h.li@coventya.com.cn
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海寧市海迅貿易有限公司 Timber Screws 改良再進化， 2019司徒加特螺絲展新亮點 文/惠達 編輯部
成立於2004 年的海迅貿易公司，在梁輝總經理的領導下，從一開始的螺絲及螺桿生產商一路蓬勃發 展至現今的全球螺絲和各種緊固件頂級供應商之一。「品質要求、具競爭力的價格、準時的交期」也是海迅 一路以來堅信的服務理念，因此才能滿足橫跨歐洲、美國、俄羅斯、南美洲…等多國客戶的需求。
Timber Screws 擴大歐洲DIY市場 海迅在歐洲市場內早已是眾人皆知且予以期待的供應商品 牌，他們今年在兩年一次的司徒加特螺絲展上亮相，向各國客人 展現海迅這兩年來努力的成果。對此，梁總提到：「今年將會大力 推廣我們熱銷品之一的Timber Screws，因為近年來我們不斷地 提升這款產品的品質。新鍍鋅線也將在今年度正式啟用，期望能 讓品質往上推升更高層級。」 海迅 近年來 也 持 續 在 歐 洲 DIY 市場 做 努力。梁 總 表 示： 「2018年我們一直與歐洲幾間大型建材公司保持良好聯繫，目前也有幾 個大型的DIY項目在洽談中，相信2019年我們DIY產品的產能一定會有 所突破。」
導入ERP系統監控製造流程 品質認證再提升 對於品質要求相對嚴格的歐洲市場，海迅也採用一系列具體措施 來幫助品質監控。梁總表示：「我們的所有流程都嚴格按照ISO 9001： 2015品質管理系統的要求進行，且每年都會進行相對應的審核和調整。 此外，我們也同步導入ERP系統進行監控，一旦產品品質出現問題，就可 以藉此系統來追蹤原因。」 海迅在2017年獲得ISO 9001：2015品質管理系統和歐盟CE EN 14592認證，更在去年順利取得CE EN 14566認證，代表海迅在品質 等級上不斷地精進與改善。對此，梁總表示：「目前海迅所獲得的所有認 證都代表我們對客戶的一種承諾，承諾我們一定為客戶提供最優質的產 品。」梁總強調：「提高自身的管理並將其擺在第一順位是海迅目前最關 注的部分。」
擴大產品範圍及市場展望 做為全球最大螺絲及緊固件供應商之一的海 迅提供超過4,000 種品項供客人選購，目前主要 專攻在建築、傢俱和家居應用領域。對於未來的 產品範圍是否會再進一步拓展至其他領域，梁總 表示：「我們會依照現有產品品項的基礎，去根 據客戶的需求來不斷地增加和擴充品項。」海迅 致力於開發新產品並為客戶帶來更多的商機。 目前 海 迅 的 全 球 事業 版 圖佔比 為：歐 洲 35%、俄羅斯25%、美國20%、南美洲15%和其 他國家5%。而2018年的營業額高達9,000萬美 元。針對海迅未來的市場發展，梁總表示：「歐洲 是我們最主要的市場，但同時我們也期待能不斷 開發其他市場，為更多客戶提供優質服務！」
海迅貿易聯絡人：總經理 梁輝 Email：simon@hisener.com
China Fastener World no.56/2019
封面故事
China Fastener World no.56/2019
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公司報導
為您打造高品質 品牌形象
文/惠达副总编辑 张刚豪
滙達採訪團隊參訪SACMA總部與董事長Valeriano Rampezzotti等主管相見歡。
持續以高品質撰寫企業成功故事的義大利扣件機械設計、開發和製造領導大廠Sacma今年以 全新的企業logo形象迎接成立80周年的喜悅，同時也積極拓展在持續成長中亞洲市場的業務。
義大利製造 全球在地化服務 已經在歐洲市場佔有穩固地位數十年的Sacma集團主要由 Sacma、 Ingramatic、OBM和Tecno Lift公司共同組成。旗下 機械產品不僅供應歐洲，也已經在歐洲、美國、巴西、俄羅斯、 土耳其和中國陸陸續續設立在地服務據點和技術中心來提 供全球客戶相關支援。 在成立80週年之際，Sacma更在中國無錫成立全新佔地800 平方公尺的分公司，配置有專業的銷售和售後服務團隊來服 務在中國本地有扣件生產廠的外國和中國企業。售後服務團 隊主要專注在提供保養支援以及訓練在地的機器操作用戶。 此外，全新的據點也將提供零件倉儲以及新技術的展示空間。 為了滿足中國製造商的需求，2019年Sacma集團推出 「工具 製造工程支援服務」 ，目的是在產品開發流程中提供末端用 戶從工具製造設計到產品最佳化的協助。這套服務主要由一 群具備數十年扣件研發和生產經驗的冷成型專家所主導。
簡潔設計及整合化機台 Sacma機械的優異品質反映在其難以超越的整合式設 計和聰明的空間利用，且Sacma的整合式成型機能夠在同 一台機器上生產出經過冷成型、倒角和搓牙三道程序的成 品。 「製 Sacma集團董事長Valeriano Rampezzotti 表示： 造成本一年比一年高，因此企業需要聰明地投資在高效 率機台上。我指的是企業必須有前瞻性，如果你擁有一台 Sacma機械，這就意謂，你不必買10台甚或20台他牌機械， 避免不必要的高額運作和持有成本。另一方面，使用我們 的機台，你就可以一次完成所有加工流程。也就是說，你毋 須再為成型、輾牙和倒角等流程分別採購機器。我相信這 也是為什麼我們的全球客戶在談到如何節省長期成本時 總是把Sacma列入唯一的考慮清單的主因。」
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公司報導
讓競爭者望之項背的品質 Sacma的機台使用於生產關鍵的冷成型部件，從螺栓到只有透 過多工位成型流程才有可能產出的高公差淨形零組件都有。 「我們的客戶服務全球頂尖汽車相 Rampezzotti董事長表示： 關品牌，可靠度是他們的最優先考量，因此Sacma是他們最佳的選 擇。在我們的工廠 ，我們使用瑞士、日本和義大利的CNC設備來搭 配我們完美整合的製造流程，我們是業界唯一一家可以100%在廠 內生產機械零組件的製造商。除此之外，我們使用具備最傑出機 械性質且具最佳品質的料材，更別提我們為了強化產品的長期性 能還進行熱處理和表面處理，包括滲氮、硬化。身為董事長，提供 最佳多工位冷成型機台一直是我們持續的承諾和義務。」
為冷成型產業而生的完整產品方案 Sacma是目前市場上唯一可以提供完整扣件產業用成型 設備(例如: 整合式螺絲螺栓成型機、5模/6模多工位部件成型 機、Ingramatic獨立式平板搓牙機以及Tecno Lift垂直進料 系統)的供應商。 注意到加速亞洲市場對特殊零件製造需求 的新興產業（例如：電動車）的崛起，Sacma相信 這個區域對具備高精度、高效能和高度設計彈 性機械的需求將會出現勢不可擋的成長趨勢。 因此，製造商要去哪裡找到具備這些關鍵性特 色的機械？答案如同董事長Valeriano所言： 「除了SACMA之外，捨我其誰！」
China Fastener World no.56/2019
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公司報導
紧固全球、紧固生活 宁波威锋紧固件有限公司 文／宁波威锋紧固件提供
威锋在中国是领先业界且成长快 速的紧固件制造经销商之一，顾客来自 全球100多国。它在紧固件的领域中拥 有超过13年的经验，向来自欧洲、美洲、 波兰、罗马尼亚、印度尼西亚等地的事 业伙伴供应各式各尺寸的高质量螺丝、 螺栓、螺帽、垫片、膨胀，并接受OEM与 ODM订单。
为 确 保 产品 拥 有领 先市 场 的质 量，威锋在厂内采用最新进口现代化 机械来生产产品。此外，它在ISO 9001 :2015认证的工厂内对多项制造环节实 施品管措施，将所有的最终数据存入中 央数据库。威锋确保制程一条龙流畅化 且能在短时间内产出大量产品的同时确 保质量。
威锋的使命是让「每一座建筑、桥与房舍，都看得到 威锋螺丝的存在」。就如同它的愿景： 「客户不分大小，都 享有威锋无微不至的服务，我们把每一位当作独一无二的 客户看待。我们的一系列产品与服务都融入了我们与客户 的紧密合作中，不论何时何地都能与我们取得联系。威锋 建立起的产品、品牌与声望，值得您的信赖。」
威锋紧固着全球、紧固着生活！我们共同打造明天！
联络人：尹练军先生
E-Mail：tony@wf-fastener.com
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位於溫州的君浩實業是一家相當具有規模的企業，始於 1987年小作坊，君浩公司註冊是2002年。曾在2005年被中 國緊固件行業協會評選為優秀企業之一。通過國際TS16949 品質認證，專業生產標準件及異型件，外六角螺栓、內六角螺 栓是君浩的主力產品，並以品質為企業的根本，獲得了多項溫 州經濟技術開發區管委會獎項。持續投入技術研發並擴大企 業規模、設備更新、提高自動化程度，將產量、品項增加，產 品線更加豐富多元，能夠滿足各種客戶需求。
產品多元齊全 品值承諾保證 君浩不只生產螺絲產品，還自主研發製造冷鐓機設備，為了要符合不同產品需求開發不同性能的冷鐓機設備，依據性能 規格目前推出42種不同的冷鐓機。主力產品緊固件DIN7991完全按照德制標準生產，品質相當好，主要供應給汽車模具產 品行業。品質檢測上完整按照TS16949的管理要求。2016年君浩在自家網站上發佈了一則「企業品質誠信承諾書」，承諾加 強品質意識和社會責任意識、落實企業品質主體責任、加強 全體員工對於整個生產過程全方面的品質管制，並建立品質 安全事故主動報告制度，嚴格落實品質安全責任追究制度， 完善產品品質追溯系統，即時解決客戶對於品質的投訴，若 有自認品質不到標準的產品，會自主召回。
一條龍供應鏈 增加競爭優勢 君浩旗下有上海哈迪威負責倉管及分銷、江西哈迪威負 責螺栓生產、浙江友力機械則是負責設備、模具、溫州永旭則 是負責熱處理、表面處理。這樣完整的供應鏈不僅能夠帶給 客戶更方便的產品生產流程，還能夠時時監控品質、控制成 本、交期控管更加精准，相對地在價格上就會有競爭力。且這 樣的企業設置能夠讓每個單位各司其職，更加深入在自身領 域的技術研究及品質管控。
從製造到倉管出貨 包辦所有供應鏈
－溫州君浩實業有限公司 文／惠達 張乃文
目前君浩正在開發鋼結構螺栓，DIN912 12.9級的螺栓，在研發期間曾苦於原料供應的困境而愁困，不停地與鋼廠 溝通協調，才找到現在的鋼廠合作，把原料的這個瓶頸突破。目前君浩仍持續投資設備來提高產能，現在產能有15,000 噸，廠內設施有15萬平米的大廠房與2棟公寓樓、1棟辦公室，活動場所、消防設施、環保處理設施、安全方面設施一應俱 全，相當重視員工工作的環境。 目前君浩的產品60%以上銷往歐洲，且認為美國和南美市場很大，值得開發。獲得ISO9001證書後，為了不斷精進 品質又通過TS16949管理體系，現在正準備獲得CE認證。面對目前的中美貿易戰，君浩認為：「即是調整又是機遇。從 特朗普的貿易戰，從短的目光看，是一種困難，但是長遠來看，激發潛能跳出舒適圈，調整自己去適應新環境，並且有新 的想法和策略。不斷地審時度勢，自我調整、改善，就會越來越好。」
聯絡人：周紅波小姐
Email: admin@wzjunhao.com
China Fastener World no.56/2019
公司報導
China Fastener World no.56/2019
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公司報導
跳脫標準才能成就不可能－ 非標準件專家
－嘉興市固威貿易有限公司 文／惠達 張乃文
以提供非標準件聞名的嘉興市固威貿易有限公司，對於各 種緊固件、冷鐓件、熱打件、衝壓件、車加工件甚至是特殊的客 制化異形件都提供量身訂做的客制化服務。因應不同需求，提供 多種材質選擇，碳鋼、不銹鋼、銅、鋁…等，尺寸方面涵蓋M3 ～ M72。
國際認證品質 堅持以客為尊 完整的產品線能夠滿足任何需求的廠商，也因為如此豐富且 多樣的客制化選擇，讓嘉興固威的客戶遍及美國、加拿大、歐洲 等國家。成立後僅僅幾年的時間就在國際市場中佔有一席之地， 因持續秉持著品質、價格、服務、行銷四大環節落實與整合，讓 嘉興市固威的聲譽在幾年內就快速地在國際市場中渲染開來。
2011年通過國際 ISO 9001:2015認證，準確落實生產前、 生產中及生產後的包裝檢驗，其產品品質往往超乎國際客戶的要 求。對於品質把關絕不馬虎，廠內使用全套檢測設備，包括塞規、 環規、遊標卡尺、拉力機、硬度檢測儀、投影機等等一應俱全。
高效率客制化產品 廣受歐美大廠喜愛 專精於非標準緊固件與零件業出口，固威大多數產品皆依照 客戶圖紙量身打造，降低客戶採購成本，協助客戶研發產品保持 與客戶溝通聯繫然後試樣，以提供價格最具競爭力的產品。透過 制程省時效率化，大幅縮短交期時間，這樣節省時間及成本的高 效率製造模式，也使得固威產品受到德國、波蘭、紐西蘭、南非、 韓國、美國、加拿大等地區的汽車、航太、農機、建築以及DIY等 等多元產業領域喜愛，其中冷鐓後續二次加工產品在歐洲更是相 當具有競爭力。
致力協助客戶發展更具競爭力 的產品 固威總經理常廣海表示：「我們提供的產品 具備可靠的品質、競爭力的價格，交貨及時且服 務周到。不論是貿易商、批發商或終端使用者， 至今零客訴，回饋良好，返單率極高。」對於軟 硬實力兼具的固威來說，將好的產品和服務帶給 更多的客戶是他們一直以來的目標。期望未來也 能夠繼續為顧客帶來更多優質的產品。
生產設備使用11B、14B、19B、24B及6 模等冷鐓成型機、 搓牙機、CNC設備、衝壓設備等高端機械，多種設施來滿足不同 的客制化需求。固威不設限自己的產品層面及領域，協助客 戶開發、製造新產品一直是固威的企業目標，秉 持著「客戶滿意」的服務宗旨，承接客 制化訂單最能體現固威公 司的服務優勢。
聯絡人： 總經理 常廣海先生
Email: jackchang@goodway-hardware.com
9 China Fastener World no.56/2019
公司報導 文/ 惠達 張乃文
銅基合金緊固件種類最多、規格最齊全的綜合性工廠
宇聲金屬製品有限公司 與一般緊固件廠商主打鐵制緊固件不同，宇聲金屬出產的青銅緊固件具有耐蝕性、耐高溫，且有些青銅 緊固件還擁有防電火花的性能，這些都是鐵制緊固件無法達到的。其他特殊青銅（包括Cu5）、磷青銅、鋁青 銅材質的緊固件，像是螺絲、螺栓、螺母衝壓件都是宇聲目前主力產品。
一站式採購 客戶省心又方便
國際品質保證 層層把關不馬虎
以青銅、黃銅緊固件為主打商品外，宇聲並 未局限自己的生產能力，另外也開發生產白銅和 鎳基合金緊固件，無論是什麼需求的客戶都盡力 滿足，為了減少客戶採購時繁瑣的流程，讓採購 能夠更方便、更快速且安心，在銅基和鎳基合金 緊固件方面宇聲建立一站式採購，讓客戶省心， 放心，安心！
品質控管上，宇聲也獲得ISO 9001-2015品質認證，宇聲金 屬製品負責人孫競先生表示：「我們的理念就是用最好的原料 做最好的產品。」以大型的進口商及一線使用者為目標客群，提 供品質一流的緊固件產品，從製作的原料開始便精挑細選，來 料之後批次檢驗，確保原料品質符合宇聲的品質條件。在量產 之前為確保品質，試產時也會經過檢驗，再大量生產，以提高產 品良率，生產完成後也會配合大貨查驗，層層把關讓每批出廠 的貨物都是最高品質標準。
主攻高端銅基合金緊固件 大規模綜合性工廠 宇聲金屬製品有限公司創立之初，就立志于 生產高端銅基合金緊固件，解決客戶在銅基合金 緊固件方面的需求。目前工廠占地約3,000平方 米，是中國甚至全球生產銅基合金緊固件種類最 多、規格最齊全的綜合性工廠。具有螺絲螺栓冷 鐓機、介坑機(slotting machine)、搓絲機、車木牙 機(thread cutting machine for wood screws)、螺 母冷成型機、攻絲機、滾牙機、車床、CNC、衝壓 及檢測設備約200台，平均月產高達約50噸。
歐美市場成熟 積極拓展中東、東南亞 目前宇聲主要市場在北美洲及歐洲，約占50%，負責人孫 先生認為，歐美市場採購人員非常專業，且市場成熟度高，對銅 基合金緊固件需求較大，是目前最主力的市場。不過宇聲也相 當積極開拓新的版圖，面對不同的市場開發孫先生則看中中東 和東南亞，認為這兩個地方是眼下最值得開發的市場。 在國際競爭激烈的緊固件市場打滾，孫先生表示：「身為一 家綜合性的銅基合金緊固件工廠，擁有獨特賣點的產品，就會有 市場。宇聲致力於讓 客戶採購人員省心，使 用者放心，經 銷 商安 心！」因為時時刻刻為 客戶，不斷地自我精進 及 改善，創 造了宇 聲 現在的好聲譽。
聯絡人：孫競 先生 E-mail: info@yushung.com
China Fastener World no.56/2019
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公司報導
昶詠 機械鑽研鑽尾螺絲20 餘年，創立之初只有一種機型，但一直秉持與客戶共同研發， 傾聽客戶需求的理念，不斷地開發新產品。是目前機種最齊全的鑽尾螺絲成型機專業製造廠。 昶詠成立於1998年11月，剛滿20週年，2019年元月8日第1000台鑽尾機出廠。回顧開廠 初期，多次傳言昶詠即將結束營業，又經歷股東之間的糾紛，工廠拍賣的危機及三年的法律訴 訟，昶 詠總經理廖期偉百感交集的說：「跑了三年的台中法院，打 贏了官司才有今天的昶詠。」20週年，第1000台出廠，對昶詠來 說是新的里程碑，堅持品質&服務是昶 詠 邁入第三個10年不變的原則。
永不妥協的品質承諾 最好的鑽尾螺絲成型機－
昶詠機械股份有限公司 聯絡人：廖期偉先生 Email: tforever@ms29.hinet.net
PM-100S
PM-210S(CE)
PM-Wmodel
規格多樣化 機體設計耐用結實 鑽尾螺絲成型機基本上只有生產鑽尾螺絲才用得到，所以在螺 絲業相較於其他螺絲機械的需求較小。但這並沒有澆熄昶 詠對於鑽 尾螺絲成型機製造的熱誠，不斷地在這個領域中鑽研，只要有客人反 應缺失昶 詠就會針對問題進行測試改良，無論後續需要花多少時間 與精力，都堅持要做到最好。 目前昶 詠鑽尾螺絲成型機分為單衝程和雙衝程兩種結構，再以 所生產的螺絲尺寸區分大小機型。雙衝程的結構是針對不銹鋼螺絲設 計的，單衝程主要是生產碳鋼螺絲。目前PM-100、PM-100S、PM200、PM-210S都是熱銷機型。其機種生產速度最高可以達到每分 鐘600 Pcs，除了標準機型外也可依照客戶需求設計特殊機型PMW250S，目前最大機型可生產600mm的鑽尾螺絲。昶詠研發出的 產品更獲得多項專利，採用不同的鑄鐵材料，讓機器剛性更強、結構 紮實，噸數更是別廠的1.25倍。 昶詠採用專利的「雙離合器控制系統」可迅速脫離飛輪慣性，讓 機器在高速運轉下可瞬間剎車，避免因送料不順、空模撞擊而產生的 螺絲品質問題，也可保護模具，提升生產效率，因此許多廠商捨棄當 地較便宜的機器也要進口昶詠的成型機。昶詠的各種機型都經過CE 認證，品質在歐盟國家也都獲得肯定。
文／惠達 張乃文
維修服務效率高 未來拓展新興國家市場 在售後服務方面昶詠一點也不馬虎，為了 要能夠在第一時間有效率地排除客戶問題， 直接在台灣螺絲大本營高雄岡山設立維修服 務站，為了免去維修人員來往的時間，在中國 廣州、浙江也有委託合作廠商為中國客人做售 後服務。不停地培訓維修人員，若真的有遇到 無法排除的問題，總公司人員也可以立刻飛 到國外提供支援。 目前銷售部份以外銷為主，近年來受惠 於新興國家的生產條件日益成熟故需求大 增，尤其越南、印尼、印度等國家，訂單持續 攀升。越南台塑鋼廠的成立，更帶動一波投資 潮，昶詠也計劃在胡志明市設置服務站。目前 昶 詠 沒有獨家代理商，歡迎有興趣的廠商能 來洽談合作事宜。
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日本自攻螺絲職人專業廠推出
「高張力螺絲100」 文/ 曾柏勳 惠達
粉室製作所自1954年成立以來，在日本大阪地區已有超過半世 紀的歷史。成立之初，它專攻自攻螺絲的生產與研發，接著將產品陣 容延伸到螺絲和零件。直至今日，它的產品陣容已包括：各式溝槽(梅 花、六角、方槽等等)的JIS日規(含或不含墊片的)自攻螺絲與螺栓、 「Three-Tight」螺絲(其桿部外形像日式飯糰一樣是三角形，擁有優 於自攻螺絲的性能)、冷成形零件、特殊材質與特殊加工零件、防鬆 螺絲、表面處理過的螺絲。
創新螺絲專打高張力鋼板
安心的品質管理
在惠達雜誌與粉室製作所的專訪中，產品研發主 管田之室榮則先生說公司推出了一種相當不簡單的新 型自攻螺絲，名為「高張力螺絲100」。它的命名是指 這支螺絲可以穿透100公斤的(980Mpa)的鋼板而不產 生任何螺紋損傷。我詢問他這項發明是怎麼構想出來 的，田之室先生說：「業界正興起一個趨勢，有越來越 多汽車製造商採用超高張力鋼板(100公斤、130公斤) 來達成汽車的輕量化。這就是我們發明這支螺絲的出 發點。」在此發明誕生之前，該公司透過客戶的回饋得 知，以往的自攻螺絲一旦碰到硬材料就會磨耗，因此 有高達30%的自攻螺絲會在汽車產線的流程中被浪費 掉，甚至在更慘的情況下，會因為破壞了孔洞而毀了昂 貴的材料。
粉室製作所正透過幾項措施追求零缺陷的產品產製。 它通過ISO9001•14001 (2015)認證，高度要求人才訓練、系 統化生產管理，尤其是檢測，包括每日現場巡查，以及透過 影像篩選機、扭力分析儀、拉伸強度測試機、數位顯微鏡、 目測量測儀做出貨前的品檢。它也可提供PPA P、JAMA、 chemSHERPA ICP MSDS、IMDS、CMRT等等文件。
為了解決此問題，粉室製作所研究如何降低螺絲 碳含量並大幅增加錳與其他合金元素，以改善硬化的 效果。接著，對螺絲施加熱處理來微細化晶粒結構並 改善內部剛性，防止頭部從螺絲本體斷開或發生延遲 斷裂。最終誕生的「高張力螺絲100」到今日已是一項 專利產品，不僅對超高張力鋼板很有效，也適用於各 種產業使用到的木材、樹脂和其他硬材料。
創意合作：「微笑螺絲」 粉室製作所與某位日本設計師 合作，在2017年構想出一支獨特的 螺絲。這支螺絲頭部的溝槽不是普 通常見的一字形或十字形，而是一 張笑臉。這支螺絲的研發動機是要 啟發人們在行走日常街道發現一抹微 笑時的歡樂和驚喜。這項企畫鼓勵購買 者隨時把這支螺絲裝在世界的各個角落， 他們可以把安裝好的螺絲拍照上傳到網路地圖，讓其他人去 發現螺絲在何處出沒以及運用在何處。田之室先生說這支 螺絲的目標是要為日常生活帶來一點一滴的歡樂，期望為人 類的集體意識帶來改變。
擴廠 2019年4月，粉室製作所完成擴廠，擴展出更多空間容納 一系列完整的生產設備並擁有更好的倉儲。田之室先生說公 司正針對螺絲溝槽的加工以及橡膠尼龍墊片的自動組裝研 究新的技術創新，以降低成本並穩定提供產品。雖然目前該 公司是透過日本國內貿易商銷往海外，尚未直接銷售給海外 顧客，但田之室先生說公司正在考慮一些選項以在未來對海 外顧客直接銷售。 粉室製作所聯絡人：產品研發主任 田之室榮則先生
E-mail: tanomuro@komuro-ss.jp
China Fastener World no.56/2019
公司報導
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產業報導
2018 年度 全球扣件大廠財報
整理/ 惠達 更新於2019年4月1日 依公司名字母順序排列 數值單位：百萬元
美國 Chicago Rivet & Machine
(美金)
期間 年度截止至12月
淨銷售
毛利
營業利潤
淨收入
2018
37.17
7.90
2.40
2.00
2017
35.76
7.91
2.36
2.07
同年比(%)
▲3.9
▼0.1
▲1.6
▼3.3
KLX 期間 年度截止至1月
營業額
(2018年12月)
vs.
31.81 (2017年12月)
營業收益
稅前收益
淨收益
總資產
3,790.0 (2018年1月)
1,740.8
216.3
140.5
53.4
2017
1,494.1
129.4
53.5
48.2
同年比(%)
▲16.5
▲61.7
▲162.6
▲10.7
Nucor
vs.
3,698.3 (2017年1月)
(美金)
淨銷售
稅前收益
淨收益
2018
25,067.27
3,229.39
2,360.76
2017
20,252.39
1,749.95
1,318.68
▲23.7
▲84.5
▲79.0
同年比(%)
33.24
(美金)
2018
期間 年度截止至12月
總資產
總資產
17,920.58 (2018年12月) vs.
15,841.25(2017年12月)
Simpson Strong-Tie
(美金)
期間 年度截止至12月
淨銷售
毛利
營業收入
稅前收入
淨收入
總資產
2018
1,078.80
480.51
176.20
175.99
129.50
2017
977.02
443.38
137.91
144.41
92.61
1,021.65 (2018年12月)
同年比(%)
▲10.4
▲8.3
▲27.7
▲21.8
▲39.8
TriMas 期間 年度截止至12月
淨銷售
1,037.52 (2017年12月) (美金)
毛利
營業利潤
稅前收入
淨收入
2018
877.14
244.12
122.07
105.98
83.30
2017
817.74
219.39
89.17
66.21
30.96
▲7.2
▲11.2
▲36.8
▲60.0
▲169.0
同年比(%)
vs.
總資產
1,100.52 (2018年12月) vs.
1,033.20 (2017年12月)
13
歐洲 Bufab 期間 年度截止至12月
淨銷售
(克朗)
毛利
營業利潤
稅前利潤
淨利潤
2018
3,786
1,088
358
329
255
2017
3,201
917
304
278
213
同年比(%)
▲18.2
▲18.6
▲17.7
▲18.3
▲19.7
總資產
3,694 (2018年12月) vs.
3,274
(2017年12月)
Bulten 期間 年度截止至12月
淨銷售
(克朗)
毛利
營業收益
稅前收益
淨收益
2018
3,132
586
210
198
143
2017
2,856
558
210
210
159
▲9.6
同年比(%)
▲5.0
▲0.0
▼5.7
▼10.0
LISI 期間 年度截止至12月
淨利潤
2018
1,645.09 1,693.98
225.41
125.29
96.79
2017
1,643.35 1,669.13
256.17
167.71
106.95
▼12.0
▼25.2
▲0.1
同年比(%)
▲1.4
營業額
毛利
營業利潤
稅前利潤
淨利潤
2018
1,084.10
626.16
133.54
121.87
91.78
2017
1,017.10
600.17
137.78
121.73
119.81
▲6.5
▲4.3
▼3.0
▲0.1
▼23.3
Vossloh
總資產
1,865.77 (2018年12月) vs.
(2017年12月)
總資產
1,471.68 (2018年12月) vs.
1,312.03
(2017年12月)
(歐元) 利息前與稅前利潤 EBIT
營業額
淨收入
2018
865.0
54.2
22.7
2017
918.3
70.3
0.3
同年比(%)
▼5.8
▼22.9
▲75 folds
Würth
總資產
1,471.68 (2018年12月) vs.
1,312.03
(2017年12月)
(歐元)
期間 年度截止至12月
銷售額
2018
13,600
860
2017
12,700
780
▲7.0
▲10.2
同年比(%)
vs.
(2017年12月)
(歐元)
期間 年度截止至12月
期間 年度截止至12月
2,178
▼9.4 1,827.31
Norma
同年比(%)
2,338 (2018年12月)
(歐元)
稅息折舊及 總營業額 攤銷前利潤 營業利潤 EBITDA
銷售額
總資產
營業利潤
總資產
-
China Fastener World no.56/2019
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China Fastener World no.56/2019
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產業報導
日本 JPF
(日幣)
期間 年度截止至12月
營業額
營業利潤 (損失)
2018
7,400
(165)
(249)
(330)
2017
7,799
100
124
117
同年比(%)
▼5.1
---
---
---
8,642
(2018年12月)
9,687
(2017年12月)
2019
經常利潤 (損失)
淨利潤 (損失)
Prospect for Year Ended Dec.
7,800
70
50
15
同年比(%)
▲5.4
---
---
---
Nitto Seiko 期間 年度截止至12月
營業額
總資產
vs.
(日幣)
營業利潤
經常利潤
淨利潤
總資產
2018
33,777
2,976
3,217
2,048
2017
30,074
2,658
2,809
1,604
同年比(%)
▲12.3
▲12.0
▲14.5
▲27.7
43,362
(2018年12月)
40,877
(2017年12月)
2019
Prospect for Year Ended Dec. 同年比(%)
35,400
3,100
3,250
2,050
▲4.8
▲4.2
▲1.0
▲0.1
vs.
東南亞 PS Fasteners
(新加坡元)
期間 年度截止至12月
營業額
2018
11.08
3.00
0.10
0.06
2017
9.82
2.72
(0.45)
(0.50)
▲12.8
▲10.3
---
---
同年比(%)
毛利
稅前利潤 (損失)
淨利潤 (損失)
TechFast 期間 年度截止至12月
總收入
營業利潤
稅前利潤
淨收入
30.42
5.21
5.59
3.98
2017
26.78
4.47
5.08
3.67
▲13.6
15.21
(2018年12月)
14.22
(2017年12月)
vs.
(馬來西亞林吉特)
2018
同年比(%)
總資產
▲16.4
▲10.1
▲12.8
總資產
30.98 (2018年12月) 29.45
vs.
(2017年12月)
南韓 Taeyang Metal
(韓元)
期間 年度截止至12月
營業額
毛利
2018
325,811.61
35,226.34
5,162.00
2,516.59
2017
338,292.73
40,075.52
11,725.69
1,091.13
▼3.6
▼12.1
▼55.9
▲130.6
同年比(%)
營業利潤
淨收入
總資產
396,326 377,069
(2018年12月)
vs. (2017年12月)
2018歐盟最新扣件 進出口報告 紅色數字代表相較2017年有增加
歐盟28國進口量(噸) 貿易夥伴
年度
中國 台灣 越南 印度 土耳其 泰國 馬來西亞 韓國 瑞士 美國 日本 波士尼亞與赫塞哥維納 挪威 列支敦斯登 塞爾維亞 印尼 菲律賓 白羅斯 烏克蘭 俄羅斯
歐盟28國進口加總
2016
2017
2018
443,463 516,359 122,245 127,617 67,336 72,234 51,356 37,428 29,594 37,853 32,654 12,210 8,777 12,525 7,232 11,797 8,804 3,170 6,044 2,326
548,781 524,778 124,728 107,052 79,635 68,080 48,743 38,300 32,721 35,004 33,141 14,498 9,045 13,085 7,950 10,222 5,833 4,114 5,487 2,382
653,522 546,567 144,368 112,821 92,677 75,090 47,444 43,801 32,458 32,186 31,532 14,331 12,317 12,295 12,107 9,253 8,064 5,821 5,274 3,757
1,622,891
1,725,496
1,909,683
歐盟28國進口值(歐元) 貿易夥伴
年度
台灣 中國 美國 瑞士 土耳其 印度 越南 日本 韓國 泰國 馬來西亞 列支敦斯登 挪威 波士尼亞與赫塞哥維納 印尼 加拿大 菲律賓 塞爾維亞 巴西 俄羅斯
歐盟28國進口加總
2016
2017
2018
1,199,957,128 692,656,627 738,942,691 456,072,472 228,629,981 273,859,937 214,218,465 216,804,141 149,525,578 110,301,022 89,176,282 90,779,364 32,306,674 28,250,370 35,817,916 33,152,637 25,942,238 12,208,652 12,991,718 6,899,560
1,320,303,213 920,006,374 800,079,200 485,072,290 259,483,215 250,699,744 224,771,620 228,294,970 161,442,938 109,377,422 88,112,623 95,317,680 30,523,404 34,594,095 37,738,193 33,929,463 21,557,470 15,980,331 16,995,863 8,427,555
1,416,785,205 1,200,019,501 724,151,970 462,712,449 294,935,398 278,247,661 269,672,475 221,931,689 177,309,554 125,190,640 95,608,820 85,939,275 37,561,842 36,531,499 36,362,347 33,834,958 27,846,773 22,557,016 18,432,217 12,709,630
4,719,781,620
5,216,926,812
5,664,637,750
15 China Fastener World no.56/2019
產業報導
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產業報導
歐盟28國出口量(噸) 2016
2017
2018
100,679 69,021 38,721 36,071 28,299 22,520 20,228 20,848 18,676 11,246 10,702 9,029 3,768 5,972 4,926 3,515 4,992 5,087 5,210 3,174
112,089 77,894 42,079 40,417 36,148 28,840 27,718 23,453 20,196 12,548 11,844 10,596 4,790 6,751 5,970 5,461 5,708 5,916 4,583 3,466
106,479 85,591 42,929 37,374 37,289 31,309 30,882 25,643 23,395 12,587 12,568 9,689 7,364 6,355 6,103 5,780 5,555 4,661 4,519 3,870
486,444
551,053
568,830
年度
貿易夥伴 中國 美國 瑞士 土耳其 俄羅斯 巴西 墨西哥 印度 挪威 列支敦斯登 南非 摩洛哥 烏克蘭 塞爾維亞 泰國 澳大利亞 阿根廷 阿聯酋 加拿大 埃及
歐盟28國出口加總
歐盟28國出口值(歐元) 貿易夥伴
年度
中國 美國 瑞士 土耳其 墨西哥 俄羅斯 巴西 印度 挪威 南非 摩洛哥 新加坡 加拿大 列支敦斯登 日本 澳大利亞 韓國 阿聯酋 泰國 沙烏地阿拉伯
歐盟28國出口加總
2016
2017
2018
779,539,220 636,136,641 279,719,731 218,666,617 156,619,562 156,013,356 140,838,744 136,211,201 119,187,173 73,283,677 63,778,107 48,695,133 69,610,214 64,649,294 54,036,767 44,763,917 50,776,053 51,313,164 43,985,768 60,640,571
882,449,192 726,180,006 308,168,959 239,486,570 201,744,082 197,624,207 166,976,691 153,327,889 121,454,716 84,182,639 74,183,931 67,208,319 71,032,960 76,306,754 55,255,916 54,839,371 56,102,825 52,365,713 47,593,627 43,694,303
897,219,398 828,434,088 322,245,957 231,372,662 225,632,761 212,545,383 178,891,901 176,786,469 138,667,729 77,218,021 75,295,135 69,916,873 68,513,979 68,253,329 58,172,288 57,274,474 57,237,604 48,358,195 46,861,961 37,484,493
3,769,984,925
4,247,283,464
4,486,310,718
惠達特搜全球新聞
17
惠達編輯部 整理
法令措施 川普：5月10日中國2千億商品關稅升至25% 中美貿易戰持續延長，美國總統川普5日於推特上表示，自5/10起對中 國2,000億美金的產品加徵懲罰性關稅，由10%提高到25%；未來也會對尚 未課稅的3,250億美金中國商品課徵25%的關稅。川普認為，和中國的貿易 協商雖然仍然在進行但速度太慢，且對中國想重新協商說不！。 中美貿易首席談判代表、國務院府總理劉鶴8日抵達華府，美國方面 則由美國貿易代表萊特海澤（Robert Lighthizer）進行本次的談判。外媒表 示，川普突如其來的舉動很有可能是想對中國方面施加壓力使中國對貿易 談判提出更優惠的加碼條件。
中國對原產於美國的部分進口商 品提高加徵關稅稅率
東協將於2019年簽署汽車及零組件相 互承認協定
2019年5月9日，美國 政府宣佈，自2019年5月 10日起，對從中國進口的 2000億美元清單商品加 徵的關稅稅率由10%提 高到25%。中方表示，美 方上述措施導致中美經 貿摩擦升級，違背中美雙 方關於通過磋商解決貿 易分歧的共識，損害雙方 利益，不符合國際社會的普遍期待。因此，中國國務院關 稅稅則委員會決定，自2019年6月1日0時起，對原產於美 國的部分進口商品提高加徵關稅稅率。
東協計劃於 2 019 年9月簽署汽 車及零組件相互承 認協定（M R A）， 以降低生產成本， 促進會員之間汽車產品的貿易。泰商業部貿易談判局Auramon Supthaweethum局長表示，在經過七年談判後，4月4日至5日在 寮國永珍舉行的東協資深經濟官員會議，東協10個成員國批准 東協汽車產品的相互承認協定(MRA)。
以下列出與緊固件和手工具相關的產品項目: 被加徵25%稅率的緊固件項目為：73181200其他木 螺釘、82042000 可互換的扳手套筒。 被加徵20%稅率的緊固件項目為：73181400自攻螺 釘、73181590其他螺釘及螺栓、73182100彈簧墊圈及其他 防鬆墊圈、73182300鉚釘、82041100固定式的手動扳手及 板鉗。 被加徵10%稅率的緊固件項目為：73181100方頭螺 釘、73181300 鉤頭螺釘及環頭螺釘、73181510抗拉強度在 800 兆帕及以上的螺釘及螺栓，不論是否帶有螺母或墊 圈、73181600螺母、73181900未列名螺紋製品、73182200 其他墊圈、73182400銷及開尾銷、73182900 其他無螺紋 緊固件、82041200可調式的手動扳手及板鉗、82051000 手工鑽孔或攻絲工具、8205510 0其他家用手工工具、 82055900其他手工工具、82059000成套手工工具。
MRA是兩方或多方間，相互承認或接受彼此的部分或全 部的合格檢驗結果。MRA的簽署可是在技術層級，或是政府 對政府的層級。透過MRA，在出口前經過測試和認證的產品 可以直接輸入進口國，而無需在進口國進行類似的合格檢驗 程序。 Auramon局長表示，關於汽車及零組定的MRA協定將於 4月22日至23日在普吉島提交給東協經濟部長會議採認，並於9 月份續呈交給第51屆東協經濟會議（AEM）簽署。 MRA將涵蓋汽車產品，如煞車系統、安全帶、座椅、輪 胎、方向盤、車速儀表和安全玻璃等。一旦MRA協定獲得AEM 簽署，每個東協國家的相關機構將訂定施行細則。Auramon局 長表示，隸屬工業部的泰國工業標準局(TISI)將負責執行。她 表示，MRA生效四年後，東協將檢視MRA協定實施成效，並 可能擴大該協定的適用範圍，以涵蓋非東協國家。 之前，東協國家已同意就加工食品及電機電子產品草擬 MRA。 2018年，泰國與東協的雙邊貿易總額達1,140億美元， 比2017年成長13％。出口額為684億美元，進口額為455億美 元。東協占泰國出口總額的27％。2017年，泰國向東協出口價值 2,330億美元的汽車和汽車零組件，佔東協出口總額的12％。
China Fastener World no.56/2019
惠達特搜全球新聞
China Fastener World no.56/2019
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惠達特搜全球新聞
產業動態 巴西緊固件市場分析： 螺帽製造商極缺，中國標準件市場份額第一 (資料來源：自宜選研究院、宜選網) 做為金磚國家的巴西，近年來經濟逐漸復甦，通貨膨脹轉趨平穩、貸款利 率逐漸下降，工業產值及國內生產毛額均有微幅成長，各行業對於緊固件的需 求持續上升，從國外的進口額也保持增長。巴西緊固件市場競爭激烈，消費者 除了重視產品品質外，同樣重視售價，因此，巴西許多採購商從中國進口物美價 廉的緊固件，巴西市場幾乎成為中國標準件的天下。 巴西緊固件製造商、進出口商及零售商估計約有4,000家，大多分佈在聖保羅、南大河及聖達卡達莉娜等州，其中製造商約 有200家。Ciser、Belenus、Rex、Acument及Jomarca�巴西產能較高的前五大緊固件製造商。 根據巴西工業、外貿和服務部統計數據顯示，2018年1-6月巴西相關緊固件（HS編碼7318）的進口重量約�62,942噸，表現比 2017年同期的52,478噸還要好；若以美元計，2018年1-6月巴西相關緊固件的進口值約�3.4億美元，也比2017年同期的2.9億美元 還要高。 在主要進口來源國部分，以重量計，前5大進口來源國依序為美國、阿根廷、俄羅斯、中國和哥倫比亞；以美元計的話，前5 大進口來源國依序為中國、美國、日本、德國和意大利。2018年1-6月巴西主要進口的緊固件品項以重量計前5大項目分別�其他 螺釘及螺栓（HS編碼731815）、螺帽（HS編碼731816）、其他自攻螺絲（HS編碼731814）、其他木螺731814（HS編碼731812）和其 他無螺紋緊固件（HS編碼731829）。若以美元計，前5大項目分別為其他螺絲及螺栓（HS編碼731815）、螺帽（HS編碼731816）、 其他無螺紋緊固件（HS編碼731829）、其他墊圈（HS編碼731822）和其他自攻螺絲（HS編碼731814）。 巴西螺絲、螺栓的產量較多，而螺帽製造商較少，且生產的螺絲、螺栓及螺帽大多用於汽車、家具、建築及機械等產業，用 於電子產業較少，因為電子產品組裝廠從國外進口零組件時，已大多配有螺絲。 �了保護當地產業，巴西政府於2007年2月頒發政策規定，進口功能簡單及未經過熱處理的螺絲、螺帽及螺栓，須先申請進 口許可證，且進口申報價格限為每噸不得低於1,650美元，但特殊用途的螺絲則不在此措施實施的範圍之內。 目前，中國是巴西的第一大緊固件進口國，中國的標準件在巴西市場上的佔有率頗高，幾乎是中國標準件的天下。巴西從美 國、日本、德國、意大利、法國等發達國家進口的緊固件大多是供貨給這些國家所投資的汽車廠。 巴西緊固件產業規模較小，因此多數緊固件需求仍需依賴中國、歐盟等緊固件生產國。但以市場規模來看，巴西在中南美 洲的領導地位仍不可小覷，對於緊固件生產商來說，只要充分了解和熟悉法規並與當地進口商建立良好的合作關系，打入該國 市場並非難事。巴西緊固件產品的銷售渠道大緻可分為下列三種： 1、代理進口：巴西進口商將絕大多數進口的緊固件產品透過巴西各地代理商、公司業務員或電子商務方式銷至工廠，少部 分則銷至專賣店及零售店。 2、設廠或OEM方式：跨國性汽車零件廠大多透過在巴西設廠方式，向本國採購緊固件產品，或通過OEM合作方式，與緊 固件�品供應商合作。不過汽車零件廠對緊固件產品要求的規格較嚴格且價格及利潤空間也較有限。 3、製造商自行生產或進口轉賣：巴西製造商將自行生產或進口的緊固件產品轉賣給Pontopar及Dipal等經銷商，再由經銷商 將�品賣給專賣店及零售店，然後再透過實體店面或電子商務方式，將產品銷售給最終消費者。
中國3月緊固件出口24萬噸 同比成長43.4% 中國海關總署統計3月份扣件出口如下：
單位：萬元人民幣 商品名稱
3月
計量單位
鋼鐵或銅制標 10,000 準緊固件 萬噸
1至3月累計
比去年同期±%
累計比去年同期±%
數量
金額
數量
金額
數量
金額
數量
金額
24
330,545
72
995,359
43.4%
48.5%
4.5%
12.8%
19
2018年台灣螺絲外銷再創新高 螺絲公會最近統計指出，2018年螺絲出口量高達168萬噸較去年同期成長5.25%，出 口值方面2018年總值達48.46億美金，較去年同期成長12.75%，每公斤單價成長7.13%， 平均為2.884美金/公斤。螺絲公會表示，受到美、德經濟回溫、平均單價成長、原料來源 穩定是影響2018年螺絲外銷創新高最主要的原因。2018年出口第一大國為美國，接著是 德國，德國相較2017年成長約2%。去年外銷比達到41.5%，較2017年成長7.12%。
廠商動態 中國高端扣件製造廠航天精工募 集資金6.9億人民幣 航天精工股份有限公司首次公開發行股票招股， 預計募集資金6.9億人民幣，擬用於航空、核電、軌道 緊固件擴展項目。航天精工是中國航空航天裝備製造 的重要配套企業。公司主營業務是以航天、航空等高 端裝備製造領域應用�主的高端緊固件的研發、生產 及銷售，主要產品包括螺栓、螺釘、螺柱、螺母、鉚釘、 墊圈、銷等等。
中國緊固件企業走出去步伐加快 過去一年，外部環境不穩定、不确定因素增多，經濟下行壓力 加大，緊固件企業穩中向好，取得了較好成績，超過預期。中國機 械通用零部件工業協會緊固件分會最新數據顯示，2018年全年可 達800萬噸，行業出口的趨勢也令人樂觀。
智能製造和電子商務發展加快
因連接螺栓脫落，中國奇瑞召 回部分瑞虎3xe純電動汽車 奇瑞汽車決定自召回2017年12月28日至2018年 10月26日生�的瑞虎3xe純電動汽車，共計8580輛。 本次召回範圍內的車輛，在使用過程中差速器後懸 置支架與副車架的連接螺栓可能出現鬆動，造成車 輛行駛中動力中斷，存在安全隱患。奇瑞將免費為 召回範圍內的車輛將螺栓易鬆動部位焊接固定，以 消除安全隱患。
過去一年昆山鵬馳、舟山市7412廠、上海上標汽車緊固件公 司、浙江東明不鏽鋼製品公司已實施智能製造，對加工設備安裝了 記載運行參數、零件代碼、工藝數據、檢測結果的SK(生產監控設 備)，並建立SPC（統計過程控制）工作站、工廠中心控制管理監視 中心和產品的條碼技術，將SK和SPC聯網，有效提高產品的品質， 向提供零缺陷�品的目標邁進。
加強綠色製造和產業升級 過去兩年，浙江、河北、廣東實施最嚴的環保監督政策。河北 永年地區已取締淘汰1508家緊固件廠。引進高端緊固件項目15項， 總投資210億元。截至去年，浙江海鹽已淘汰緊固件企業241家。
加強園區建設 許多緊固件企業的原料價格不斷上漲和勞動力成本不斷提 高，以及環保政策日漸嚴苛，「產業轉移」和新建產業園區成為中 國緊固件產業的一大亮點。2018年，海鹽緊固件轉型升級產業園， 總投資5億人民幣，工程總占地87,723平方公尺，總建築面積144,702 平方公尺。 規劃中的福建福鼎市文渡緊固件產業園，其規劃面積500畝， 分三期建設。 去年6月奧展不鏽鋼製品產業園開建。在福安市，總投資12億 元，規劃用地500畝，擬建設40萬平方公尺廠房及其配套設施，引進 不鏽鋼製品相關企業。園區建成後將實現年銷售收入40億人民幣。
China Fastener World no.56/2019
惠達特搜全球新聞
China Fastener World no.56/2019
20 惠達特搜全球新聞
中國車企減價刺激銷量 上海集優料受惠 上海集優去年盈利2.8億元（人民幣‧下同），按年增10.66%； 收入90.28億元，按年增6.47%。主要業務緊固件受惠公司於2017 年8月收購汽車工程公司CP Tech而令收入有所上升，尤其是佔緊 固件事業總營業額83%的汽車緊固件產品，去年收入增9.7%至 55.97億元。 去年中國汽車產銷持續疲弱，某程度上影響到汽車零部件 需求，上海集優董事長周志炎表示，不只是中國，全球也有一定 放緩，料今年首季相關零件需求持續放緩，不過中國落實減稅政 策，早前已有一系列汽車品牌因此宣布減價讓利，加上中央亦會推 出刺激汽車消費措施，有助拉動汽車銷量，間接對公司有利。
上海集優業績穩健，著力佈局亞太市場 財華社報導，機械基礎零部件製造及服務提供商上海集優公 佈了其2018年全年業績，去年集團營收增長6.5%至90.3億元（人民幣，下同）。2018年，集優的綜合毛利率為19.7%，較2017年的 19.9%輕微下跌0.2個百分點。當中佔集團營收貢獻比例最大的緊固件毛利率稍跌，原因主要是中國及歐洲汽車市場轉弱，毛利 率水平受價格因素影響有所下滑。集團副總經理表示，儘管去年整體毛利率微跌，但份額持續擴大的緊固件未來毛利率會好 轉。總經理表示，集優現已開始佈局「集優亞太」，重點就是東南亞還有印度市場。 2018年，中美貿易摩擦為整個國際經貿環境帶來較大不確定性，中美貿易戰對集優出口到美國市場的業務有一定的影響， 一是有些收購在去年可能已經停止，二是對成本帶來影響，因集優從美國進口的原材料很多，令其去年成本增加。副總經理透 露以往每年集優出口到美國的業務收入大概都有10%的增長，貿易戰之後增速有所下降，稱若中美達成共識的話相信集團對 美業務收入的增長會恢復到10%以上。
日本神戶製鋼將 在中國將線材產 能提升三成 神戶製鋼所 宣布將在 中國增加冷壓線材的產量， 這些線材會用來製造車用的螺栓、螺帽與其他重要零件。該公司 將對旗下位於浙江省平湖市的特殊鋼線材加工廠投資9億日幣增 產，預計在2020年3至6月全面運轉。每月的產能將會增加30%，達 5,500噸。這次的增產是因為看到了中國的汽車需求會成長。該廠 的伸線機將從8台增加到11台，熱處理爐會從6座增加到8座。
日本大武工業擴大販售螺絲供給 機並首度設立海外據點 大武工業(OHTAKE-Root Kogyo)將擴大販售生 產線專用的自動螺絲供給機。2019年2月在美國紐澤西 州設立銷售據點，銷售對象為美加地區與中南美。這 是該公司首度在海外設立據點，預計在2022年將銷售 額推升2.6倍達到20億日幣。新據點是由大武全額出 資，資本金約落在1至2千萬日幣，目前的目標是在3年 後將銷售額拉到2億日幣。 大武的螺絲供給機是主力產品，營業額佔75%，主 要出口到中國、韓國、台灣等亞洲圈，美洲地區則佔3% 至4%。該產品在日本國內多用在汽車產業，由於在東 京西側的顧客較多，所以大武正考慮在東京或仙台設 置據點。
日本OSG公司的擴建與工業4.0計畫 日本的螺絲攻、牙規與刀具大廠OSG公司在1月15日的記者 會中宣布愛知縣新城工廠的擴建計畫與「OSG 4.0」計畫。它會對 3.22萬平方公尺的現有工廠增設1.63萬平方公尺的新廠，合計將達 4.85萬平方公尺。此 外，它 的 優 先目標 將是推展智慧工廠 化，透過數位化串聯 營業、製造、售後服 務等等所有環節。
21 China Fastener World no.56/2019
惠達特搜全球新聞
日本Nissei與義大利EVIRT Italia合作 販售滾牙機，共同開拓日歐市場 Nissei Co., Ltd.公司與EVIRT Italia這兩間滾牙機製造商 共同建立了「Nissei �EVIRT」這個品牌，共同開拓日本與歐盟 這兩個市場。首先會互相採購彼此的主力產品並了解彼此的技 術。Nissei的主力產品是滾牙力道達30噸的CNC雙模滾牙機， EVIRT的主力是最高達120噸的大型雙模滾牙機。在三模滾 牙機方面，Nissei提供直立型機種，EVIRT則是水平式CNC機 種。此後Nissei與EVIRT將擬定共同販售的形式。
荷蘭內德史羅夫歡慶成立125週年 125年前荷蘭企業家Hendrik van Thiel創立了內德史羅夫公司。創業初期是為造船產 業生產拉釘產品的家族企業。隨著時間流轉，內德史羅夫已經慢慢轉型成汽車扣件供應 商。 目前內德史羅夫已經是成型技術領域的領導工程和製造夥伴，提供從設計、生產、交 易到後勤物流服務。藉由這樣的產品服務項目，該公司目標是透過其供應鏈實現任何地 點客戶的需要，並協助他們業務更上一層樓。 從過去歷史來看，服務於內德史羅夫的人一直都是工程先驅。這也是為什麼該公司125年來持續把不錯的點子轉化實踐成 具體解決方案，並幫助各產業客戶生產產品。除了汽車領域外，還包括機械、賽車和航太領域的服務。
美國Würth Revcar Fasteners 歡慶50週年 美國扣件、工業零組件和 供應商管理庫存服務領導供 應商Würth Revcar Fasteners, I n c.正在歡 慶公司成立5 0週 年。許多代工商也因為Revcar 扣件和工業零配件透明、以數 據為導向的供應商管理庫存服務而受惠。 19 69 年3月10日，Revc a r由Ji m Reve r c o mb, Sr.和 Jack Carter成立於維吉尼亞州。幾年後，Carter離開了，由 Revercomb全責處理公司業務。為了擴大在維州的事業， Revcar在Roanoke的東部和北部培養了許多客戶群。之後1983 年他們在維州Richmond開設另一據點來提供這些客戶更好 的服務。在這段期間，Revcar開始嘗試進入供應商管理庫存 領域，與代工廠商簽約合作提供他們的扣件。
法國LISI集團2019第 一季銷量達4.45億歐 元，比2018年成長6.1% LISI航太事業：+7.2% (2018第一季: -15.1%) • 歐洲扣件市場走強 • 美國非商用航太領域市佔穩固：與波音的合作穩健成長 • 結構零組件領域中新引擎計畫的持續成長 • 與美元走強有關的顯著匯率效應，佔第一季銷售的 +4.0%。 LISI 車用事業：+1.4% (2018第一季: +19.4%) • 與2018第四季相同在全球和歐洲市場出現下滑
19 9 6 年，有意在美國打出市佔的德國 Wü r t h併購了 Revcar。在 Würth Revcar的名義下，該公司開始併購全球客 戶。Würth Revcar的成長和擴張一直持續著。現今，它在美國 中部和東北部擁有6處全方位服務據點以及180名雇員。
• 與美國企業Hi-Vol進行整合
過去50年，Würth Revcar打造出供應幾乎所有產業（包括 重型設備、交通、農業、健體、娛樂休閒、園藝和軍事用）的 優異客戶服務。
• 因微創手術衍生的銷售增加
展 望 未 來，以滿足 持 續 變動 的 製 造 業需 求，W ü r t h Revcar持續升級各式倉儲系統並推出最新的品質計畫。
• 2018年12月31日正式出售德國Beteo LISI醫用事業：+21.2% (2018第一季: -20.3%)
• 與美元走強有關的顯著匯率效應，佔第一季銷售3.8% 假定在多數末端用戶市場發展皆穩定的話，該集團 目標在2019年出現正向企業內部成長並超越2018年的財 務表現。
China Fastener World no.56/2019
22 惠達特搜全球新聞
俄羅斯NLMK所生產家具扣件進入量產 N L M K 集 團 的 長 型 產品 部 門 旗 下 N L M K M e t a l w a r e 宣 布 已 經 開始 供 應全 新 形式使 用於櫥 櫃家具 的 7 x 5 0 m m電鍍鋅家 具 扣 件。這 款 受 到 廣大 歡 迎 的 扣 件 首 批 已 經 完 成 出貨 給 客戶。 家 具 扣 件 ( c o n f i r m a t 螺 絲 ) 用 以 進 行 家 具 組 裝、接 合 和 木 頭 建 築。它 們 可 確 保 穩 定 的 部 件 接 合 也 很 容 易 使 用。 NLMK Metalware扣件廠房所用的機台都配有必要的模具、墊片和沖具 等來促進家具扣件生產。該廠每年將可生產近650噸的confirmat螺絲。 俄羅斯NLMK長型產品部門主管Dmitry Stopkevich表示: 「在2022 年的策略下，N L M K Me t a lwa r e專注在製造高附加價值的產品。 家具扣件的生產是邁向此方向的第一步。這款新產品將幫助該公司進入這個2018年還有近80%仰賴進口的產品領域。」 NLMK Metalware是俄羅斯最大的金屬產品製造商之一。該公司的產品項目包括近900種線材、螺絲和鐵釘。
美國ABC Supply Co. Inc.拔擢Bryan Olson 為Mule-Hide Products Co. Inc.總經理 Br ya n Ol s o n目前已經被 擢升為 ABC Supply Co. Inc.子公司Mule-Hide Products Co. Inc.的總經理。 在 被 擢 升之前，O l s o n曾經 擔任 L&W Supply的經銷和外部系統產品經 理。 Olson在 L&W Supply於2018年五月併購NexGen Building Supply 後加入L&W Supply。在其擔任NexGen Building Supply總經理期間，銷 售翻了三倍，且該公司在美國中西部的市佔也有顯著成長。 在擔任Mule-Hide Products總經理後，Olson將負責該公司整個業務 表現，包括黏著劑、密封劑和塗層等產品。
英蒔精密部件(無錫)有限公司 獲頒敏實集團2018品質進步獎 英蒔(無錫)在2018年 期間針對品質做了一些主 要的改善，且滿足敏實集 團「品質符合2018年累積 出貨瑕疵部件不超過2 0 PPM品質要求的A級供應 商評比標標準。」因此在 2019年1月10日敏實集團 華南區策略供應商日獲得 提名並頒發「2018年度品質進步獎」。
英國TR Fastenings在2019德國司徒加特螺絲展獲頒創新獎 全球工業扣件設計、製造和經銷專家TR Fastenings (TR)的自體擠壓EPW螺絲在今年德國司徒加特螺絲展中獲頒扣件創 新獎。共有27項產品進入決選，TR螺絲也在3月20日獲頒獎項。 設計、製造和專利申請皆在義大利TR VIC，該款 EPW螺絲是一支自體擠壓的高強度螺紋成形扣件，可以在打孔後的板金 上產生自己的母螺紋，大幅減少組裝時間和成本。該款螺絲藉由與板金上的導孔對齊後運作，並形成受擠壓成型的頸部，在最 終緊固和固定金屬前就同時完成螺紋成形和堅固的擠型狀態。 EPW螺絲的關鍵特色包括： • 可卸除以及創造堅固的鎖固接合 • 高剝除扭力 • 優異抗振力，可以抵抗受壓環境 • 整合螺紋成形和形成堅固的擠型 • 在螺身產生非常高的輻射壓縮力道 • 標準機械螺絲可以被使用於EPW螺絲所產生的螺紋
23
美國PennEngineering® 獲Continental (HBS CHINA)頒發2018供應商獎 美國扣件產業領導廠商PennEngineering宣布其位於中國的PennAuto部門日前在 Continental Brake Systems China 3月15日於 中國浙江省蕭山市所舉辦的年度供應商大會上獲頒2018年度供應商殊榮。Continental本身是全球汽車產業T1領導供應商之一。 PennEngineering 亞洲分公司董事長Qiang Sun 表示：「PennEngineering很榮幸可以成為Continental-Schaeffler的全球優質 供應商，也很榮幸我們的PennAuto部門可以被Continental選為頂尖供應商。我們相當重視與其的夥伴關係，也期待可以繼續為 這家全球產業領導者提供高品質服務。」 自2009年起，PennAuto就一直是Continental China底盤和安全系統部門的關鍵策略夥伴，在全球為其供應一系列扣件和精 密零組件產品。自2013年起每年都會贏得許多品質和技術表現的獎項。
公協會報導 日本退出五地區螺絲交流大會 20年傳統恐將成歷史 已經維持20年的「台灣、日本、韓國、中國及香港五地區螺絲交流大會」今年 輪到台灣舉辦。原預定於11月14~15日於高雄漢來飯店舉辦，但就在日本宣布退出 後，將有可能成為歷史，或改以不同名義舉辦。 台灣螺絲工業同業公會理事長蔡圖晉先生近期接受媒體專訪時表示，日本方 面因為目前大多由企業二代開始接班，較重視技術層面的交流，若只是單純的交流 活動他們預計會不符合效益，因此在2月份表示決定退出此交流活動。 日本螺絲公會除了來函表示要退出交流活動，理事長椿省一郎也率領團隊夥 伴親自前來台灣拜訪台灣螺絲公會理事長蔡先生等人。日本公會表示，相當珍惜這 段建立30多年的友情，但礙於舉辦交流會經費過於龐大，卻也期望與台灣的聯繫 能夠持續下去，盼私下繼續推動其他交流活動。韓國方面也可能跟進日本退出，並 建議大會應改為兩年一期。 五地區螺絲交流會，每年業者代表參加人數超過200名，為期兩天。目前台灣工會理事長蔡先生將持續與韓國、中國、香港等 持續協調縮小活動規模，期盼能夠持續這項活動。
日本螺絲工業協會會長談 2018年日本螺絲景氣
美國工業扣件協會公布2019翔 鷹獎得主
日刊工業新聞日前採訪日本螺絲工業 協會會長椿省一郎先生，談論2018年日本螺 絲的產業景氣。會長表示2018年的產量和 產值會高過2017年。產量會落在320~330萬 噸，產值約在9千億日幣左右。連續3年的成長將產業景氣拉回到2008 年經濟危機前的水準。螺絲需求量佔了五成的日本汽車業成長強穩， 其他產業也有了成長。但日本螺絲業的人才問題仍嚴峻，事業繼承與 接班的問題仍會持續。日本螺絲協會將會討論一項制度，讓海外人才 在2019年度加入日本螺絲的製造廠。
美國工業扣件協會(IFI)日 前在德州聖安東尼市舉辦的年 度大會中舉行2019年翔鷹獎得 主表揚典禮。翔鷹服務獎頒發 給已經從美國SWD, Inc.退休的 Richard P. Delawder，翔鷹技術 獎則頒發給Acument Global Technologies的 David C. Goss, P.E.
他提到，隨著人工智慧和物聯網的演進，市場所期望的螺絲功能 可能會完全不同以往。螺絲在各種地方都會用到，假設若是在螺絲上 加裝IC金片來採集大數據，在能力上這種事並非難以做到。這種螺絲 的設計就會不同以往。業者必須要思考此後的出路。面對電動車的崛 起，會長表示高強度化與高品質化的追求是日本螺絲業眼下在世界繼 續存活下去的活路。
2 0 1 9 翔 鷹 服 務 獎 主 要 是 表 揚 R i c h a r d P. Delawder在領導美國工業扣件協會時所付出的時間 和努力以及其對整體扣件產業發展所做出的貢獻。 2019翔鷹技術獎主要是表揚David C. Goss, P.E.對扣件產業的充足知識和經驗以及對產業內技 術提升所做出的貢獻。
China Fastener World no.56/2019
惠達特搜全球新聞
China Fastener World no.56/2019
24 惠達特搜全球新聞
美國工業扣件協會選出新任正副理事長 美國工業扣件協會2019年3月9-12日在德州聖安東尼市舉辦年度會員大會。任期為2019-2020的新任正副理事長分別為 Valley Fastener Group, LLC 的Manny DeSantis以及Birmingham Fastener, Inc的Kevin Johnson。 除了DeSantis和Johnson之外，董事會成員有: • Preston Boyd, TRAMEC Hill Fastener
• Wayne Drysol, 3V Fastening Systems (CAM)
• Don Kubkowski, Sems and Specials, Inc.
• Chris Rink, Prestige Stamping, LLC
• Jeff Liter, Wrought Washer Mfg., Inc.
• Paula Tognetti, MNP Corporation
• Michele Clarke, Valley Forge & Bolt Mfg. Co.
• David Hebert, Freeway Corporation
• Pat Wells, The Young Engineers, Inc.
• Brian Bonebrake, Johnstown Wire Technologies Inc.
• Owe Carlsson, Arconic Fastening Systems 旗下部門主管如下: 工業產品部門: Brian Stark, Rockford Fastener, Inc. 航太扣件產品部門: Pat Wells, The Young Engineers, Inc. 汽車產業扣件小組: Dan Curtis, MacLean-Fogg Company 協力供應商部門: Brian Bonebrake, Johnstown Wire Technologies, Inc
併購資訊 美國Nautic Partners宣布併購LindFast Solutions Group Nautic Partners, LLC宣布已經完成併購 LindFast Solutions Group程序。 總部位於明尼蘇達州的LindFast是北美地區專門供應廣大美國 國內、區域、當地經銷商客戶公制(Lindstrom)和英制(Stelfast)品牌 產品的特殊扣件大型經銷商。除了獨特的產品供應和實質的倉儲服 務，LindFast提供經銷商客戶一系列加值服務，像是包裝、電鍍、烤 漆等。 LindFast執行長Neil Yeargin表示: 「我們非常興奮在我們持續 保持業務成長和強化客戶體驗時可以與Nautic團隊合作。我們的品 牌和客戶關係都相當堅強，且在新的夥伴策略下將會變得更強。」
瑞士SFS集團併購美國TFC 跨足美國建築業領域 瑞士SFS集團正式併購Triangle Fastener Corporation (TFC)。總部設於美國匹茲堡的TFC 是商用建築產業類扣件和其他產品的領導供應 商。TFC在2018年的銷售超過7,000萬美元，員工 總數約200名。多虧此次併購，SFS將可以擴展市 場和在美國建築產業領域的客戶群。 TFC成立於1977年，專門供應商用建築產業 末端使用者全方位客戶導向的扣件以及其他應用 解決方案。TFC透過位於美國15州23處據點銷售 產品給約6,000名活躍客戶，它也是美東領導型供 應商之一。 TFC將以SFS緊固系統事業體旗下建築部門 的形式運作。該公司將由現有管理團隊繼續領導 來確保永續性。
扣件的綜效
25 China Fastener World no.56/2019
技術論壇
文/ Jozef Dominik
談到品質，我們常會忽略製程的組織之重要性。尤其「建構、物流、組裝」這三者之間的關係非 常重要。這三個要素必須互相協調。我們談論的是以專業的角度看扣件的綜效。
什麼是「扣件的綜效」 綜效的英文（Synergism）源自希臘文 （synergos），被理解為不連續之要素或條 件之間的合作或交互作用，致使整體效果大 於各別效果的總合（亞里斯多德）。以螺絲接 合的例子來看，綜效是有益處的。
（圖1）
唯有「設計、物流、組裝」這三個要素的交互作 用才能確保帶來高品質的產品，以及經濟實惠與環 保的效果。在這種層級結構中，「建構」扮演著重 要的角色。不僅是產品的技術參數，連產品的生產 效率、安全性和環境衝擊都取決於設計師自身。如 （圖1）所示，工程師需要物流人員甚至尤其是組裝 人員的意見回報，才能優化設計。這一點非常重要。 工程師工作時不能將自己孤立不與他人接觸。會影 響到螺絲接合的傳統因素包括：
這些因素都很重要，但不是拿來衡量成功設計 的唯一基準。如（圖1）所示（來源：SKF），「建構」 是造成螺絲接合缺陷的第三大常見原因。以下我將 列出幾個訣竅，可望改善工程師不被討喜的處境，並 減少以下比例排行圖中失衡的「組裝」所佔的比例。
機械特性（Rel, Rm） 表面擠壓 摩擦係數 緊固方式 操作條件
（圖2）
訣竅：
（圖3）
1.「凸緣螺帽（而非墊片）+ 彈簧式墊片」的組合(圖3) 優點： 接觸的介面較少
物流和組裝較簡單
接合更省空間 表面壓力值較低（參照表Nr.1的各種材料表面壓力極限） （A）
材料 鋼材
標準規範 C15 C35 C45 Rm ˃ 900 N/mm2 Rm ˃ 1200 N/mm2 16MnCr5
表面擠壓 [N/mm2] 300 500 600 900 1200 1800
（B）
2.不使用螺帽的栓合作業 舉例來說，這種變異的做法主要用於汽車生產的自動組裝作業。 雖然其使用之螺絲的形狀比一般螺絲更複雜（見圖4），但優勢在於 簡化的組裝，因為只需要用到一個安裝方向，且其物流較簡單。
（Nr.1表格）
（圖4）
China Fastener World no.56/2019
26 技術論壇 無螺紋式栓合作業的一個特別的例子就是三角牙螺絲（圖5）。這 種螺絲的最大的優勢就是創造出抗震的組裝件，完全避免內螺紋刮傷 易延展的鋼材和鋁材等等材料，且擁有高接合強度，因此降低組裝的 （圖5）
3.緊固用溝槽外型的精準組裝與優化 緊固作業的精準度是靠αA 這個要素而定（見 表Nr.2）。αA 的值越低，緊固作業的精準度就越 高，預加應力的分散效應就越少（見圖6），如此就 有可能縮小螺絲的尺寸。 緊固用溝槽的外型會影響扭力的傳遞量，以及 緊固用工具的壽命。從這層面來看，（圖7）中左方 有六個圓弧的溝槽會比傳統的六角溝槽更好。 αA= FM max./FM min （FM – 組裝力道）（Nr.2表格）
（圖6. µ - 摩擦係數）
（圖7）
4.多功能扣件的應用 多功能代表的是一支扣件能同時發揮多種功能 的能力。圖8是兩支多功能螺絲的圖例。圖5的三角 牙螺絲也是屬於多功能螺絲。差異就在於螺紋的產 製技術。
5.標準扣件以及技術導向的設計
（圖8）
標準的結構零件比起特製的零件便宜了許多。目 前扣件市場為設計師提供種類很廣泛的選擇，所以 在多數的情況下不需仰賴特製。若有必要特製，那麼 很重要的一點就是標準元件可透過傳統技術產製出 來。設計師、物流人員與組裝人員的互動式合作在此 案例中尤其重要。
總結 螺絲接合件的品質取決於「建構、物流、組裝」這三個重要要素所共譜的綜效。雖然設計師在此階 層關係中扮演主控的角色，但唯有他們三者的綜效才是能促成成功且有競爭力之「建構」的先決條件。
歐洲新聞 Fastener+Fixing雜誌提供, 惠達編輯部整理 www.fastenerandfixing.com
扣件部門主導SFS公司 近期的成長表現 SFS集團在報告中表示2018年的銷售成長穩健， 成長了6.5%，合併銷售總額達到17.39億瑞郎（15.4億 歐元）。營業利潤成長到2.43億瑞郎，相當於淨銷售額 的14%。集團表示，這樣的銷售成長趨勢主要是基於 終端市場和地理條件，集團核心事業活動的內部增長 幅度達5%，穩健而均衡。這反映出集團為選定的利基 市場提供客戶專屬解決方案的優勢。 雖然還有其他多種因素，但集團的成長主要是由 扣件產品部門來主導，該部門全年的銷售額達4.371億 瑞郎，比2017年增加了13.8%。集團表示該部門因為擁 有創新的產品而強化了競爭優勢並增加了市佔。新產 品的推出是一個強大的銷售助力，而該部門享有良好 的市場環境。該集團整併了HECO，內部增長的幅度 達5.6%，使銷售成長了5.8%。零組件部門的銷售額為 9.76億瑞郎，成長4.4%；經銷和物流部門的銷售額為 3.345億瑞郎，成長3.6%。 2018下半年集團的成長減速，集團表示原因可能 是前一年的銷售成長動能相對較強且第四季的需求出 現急遽且暫時的下跌，特別是汽車和電子業顧客的需 求。匯率因素對銷售額產生正面的影響，成長了1.4%。 瑞士佔了總銷售額的20.4%，其他歐洲國家則佔 了41.1%。集團在美國的銷售額佔了17.7%，亞洲佔了 20.6%，非洲和澳洲共佔了0.2%。初步的報告結果顯 示營業利潤增加23%，達2.43億瑞郎。整體的結果已於 2019年3月8日公告。
瑞典Bufab銷售財報連續 第3季創高 瑞典Bu fa b連續第三季銷售財報再創新高，年比上升 18%。營運利潤和淨利也創新高。Bufab在2018年的淨銷售 增加18%至37.86億瑞朗（約3.607億歐元），其中8%來自企 業內部成長。營運獲利（稅息攤銷前獲利）增加至3.67億瑞朗 （2017年：3.11億瑞朗），相當於9.7%的營運獲利率，與2017 年一樣。第四季淨銷售增加17%（4%來自企業內部成長）。該 季營運獲利率降至8.5%（2017年第4季：8.7%）。 董事長兼最高執行長JörgenRosengren表示，第四季的成 長主因除了是事業併購的強力挹注之外，還包括匯率和市占 率的影響。「我們並未看到經濟會明顯放緩的跡象，但確實有 注意到顧客心態變得更審慎，導致某些產量被推遲至2018年 尾以後，但另一方面反讓2019年1月的銷售有好的起步。」 董事長說第四季的毛利率表現比2017年第四季和2018年 第三季弱了許多，這完全歸因於去年一整年我們在瑞典的事 業表現遭受到高採購價和瑞典貨幣轉弱的壓力。2018年度的 合併毛利率則維持不變。董事長強調：「我們對顧客大幅調 高了兩個部門的產品售價，因此完全抵消了高額的採購價。 2018年尾，原物料價的調漲轉趨平穩。這些先決條件有利於 今年節省採購開銷。」 「我們在2018年間獲取了市佔，這意味的不是零星隨機 的事業成就而已，這意味著我們在所有市場中開發到幾百位 新的顧客。若我們沒在幾年前把心力投注在銷售組織內部的 招募、個人發展、程序和工具上，這種大範圍的顧客量增長是 不會實現的。透過指派管理階層的一位人士掌管採購，我們 也大幅增加採購的速度，並透過她的統領來對組織、工具和 程序進行投資。」 董事長強調集團在2018年中之後併購了RudhällIndustri 公司，並重述：「我們已把目光放到其他的併購上」。他總結 說：「展望2019年，整個大經濟環境有很大的不確定性，但不 論市場的表現如何，我們都會持續朝目標推進，在2020年成 為業界最強的企業。」
列支敦斯登Hilti集團 2018年銷量成長10.7% 併購VanAerden集團 K YO C E R A S E N C O 公司將 全資併 購 Van Aerden集團，該集團是一家歐洲的氣動 工具與扣件經銷商兼製造商。透過此併購， KYOCERASENCO公司（Kyocera公司的子公 司）將會拓展氣動工具和扣件事業。自2019年3 月1日起，VanAerden集團已改名為KYOCERA AERFAST EuropeBV。透過此併購帶來的氣 動工具與扣件產銷資產，KYOCERASENCO 公司的目標是強化在歐洲的事業。
集團報告2018全年的銷售額增加了10.7%，達56億瑞 朗。若排除掉併購帶來的影響，同年比的銷售額增加了 9.7%。最高執行長ChristophLoos評論說：「2018對Hilti集 團來說是重要的一年，我們針對創新、市場分布和基礎設 施做大量投資，為長遠的利潤成長打下基礎。我們藉由兩 位數的事業成長達成事業目標，由於全球貿易持續緊張， 因此預測未來的成長動力減緩。」 集團在歐洲的銷售成長強勁，達10.6%（以當地貨幣 計）。唯一的例外是英國，該國的脫歐對建築產業投下了不 確定因素。集團在北美也創下兩位數的成長（10.4%），在 拉美仍持續上揚的趨勢，成長8.6%，在亞太地區的銷售成 長了7%。即使集團的銷售在土耳其、俄國和阿拉伯面臨挑 戰，集團在東歐、中東、非洲地區的銷售額仍成長了9.3%。
China Fastener World no.56/2019
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China Fastener World no.56/2019
28 歐洲新聞
英國愛爾蘭扣件經銷商協會 參訪BartonColdForm公司 瑞典Bulten集團2018年銷售上升 9.7%，但第四季轉趨疲軟 集團公告的臨時報告顯示2018年的淨銷售額成 長9.7%，達31.32億克朗，但汽車市場的不確定性使 第四季的銷售成長動能轉弱，只比2017年同期增加 1%。2018全年的營業收益（EBIT）表現穩定，達2.1 克朗，但營業毛利率從7.4%落至6.7%。稅後收益下跌 到1.43克朗（2017年為1.59億克朗）。集團的訂單額增 加了2.8%，達30.98億克朗。從營業活動獲得的現金 流增加到1.25億克朗（2017年為5800萬克朗）。 集團在第四季簽署了兩份全面服務提供商合 約以供應電動車的動力傳動系統，每年可帶來的 總金額價值為700萬歐元，將從2020年起生效。先 前一份供應產品給新車款的合約在2019年起生 效，每年可望帶來約1,300萬歐元。 將退休的董事長兼最高執行長TommyAndersson評論說：「第四季因為市場不確定性更大，汽車 產量下跌。汽車需求的波動增加是歐洲數國的新環 境稅法規以及脫歐的不安情緒所造成的其中一個 結果。」 「即使市場景氣轉弱，我們仍持續贏得新的事 業和市佔。淨銷售額成長1%。第四季的訂單量與銷 售量同水準，但比起去年下跌了12%。」「第四季營 業收益與前一個年度相比降低了，主因是第四季的 後半季產量減少。收益也受到匯率以及中國據點開 始組織改造的負面影響。原物料價格在第四季趨 穩，但仍持續位於高點。我們的財務狀況強健。油電 混合車與電動車的需求正在增加，這對集團來說是 有利的發展。」 如同集團在2018年6月所宣布的，AndersNyström現在已接替TommyAndersson成為集團的董 事長兼最高執行長。Anders是機械工程師，輔修 領導學與經濟學。他在汽車業有豐富的國際經驗， 曾擔任KongsbergAutomotive、富豪汽車和福特汽 車等公司的領導職。他離開IAC集團並加入Bulten 集團，自2018年起擔任Commercial的商業副總。
Bulten公司獲得第二份電動車合約 Bulten從某一家歐洲汽車大廠的手中獲得了第 二份合約，增強了它身為電動車全方位服務提供商 的地位。董事長兼最高執行長Tommy Andersson先 生表示：「我們在短時間內獲得了第二份電動車的 FSP合約，這證明我們的做法和我們為這領域貢獻 的專業獲得主要汽車代工廠的認同和欣賞。」 此合約的價值約為每年500萬歐元，之後會隨 著汽車的產量走勢增減。預計會在2020年9月開始 出貨，在2021年達到全面生產並持續5年。
在Optimas旗下的BartonColdForm公司 的支持下，英國愛爾蘭扣件經銷商協會（BIAFD）順利推廣了扣件製造日的活動。 來自英國愛爾蘭扣件經銷商協會的30位成員企業代表在二 月參訪了Barton公司位於英國德羅伊特威奇鎮的製造廠。當天的 活動包括了協會長PhilMatten主講一小時探討扣件成型製程的座 談、銷售經理ZakTolley介紹Barton公司和其製程、製程的導覽。 對超過四分之三的參訪代表來說，這是他們第一次有機會看 到扣件的製程。協會長說：「之前參與過的團體評價說這個活動最 大的一個價值是能實際看到製程且有經驗老道的生產部經理提 供解說。英國愛爾蘭扣件經銷商協會大概在五年前就規劃了這些 參訪活動，我們也與英國鋼鐵公司在斯肯索普市的線材廠合作。 目標是幫助在原本的職位上無法親眼看到產品製程的經銷人士能 認知到，微不足道的小螺絲背後工程技能和科技的複雜性。」 協會主席GuyStanhope經營的PhilHoldenFasteners公司也 派了團隊當中的幾位代表參加活動。「對我們和其他類似的中型 自營扣件經銷商來說，協會的活動很可貴，這也是無需遲疑即可 加入協會會員的諸多原因之一。已沒有其他更有效的方式來讓我 們公司的人員了解生產每天要銷售的產品所需的要件，我也確信 這為PhilHoldenFasteners公司帶來正面的改變。」 協會的下一個會員活動是技術研討會，預計吸引超過五十名 參加者。該活動會聚焦的議題包括氫脆化、最近公布的改訂版 ENISO4042所涉及的影響、配合扣件標準的電鍍塗佈機制。
義大利VIPA公司啟用第三座全自動倉儲 VIPASpA完成了第三座高貨架 倉庫，新增3萬個棧板空間，將存儲 量推升到巨大的15萬個棧板空間， 讓VI PA庫存提供超過6.5萬種不同 產品，包括不同尺寸、塗佈和材質。 該公司在20 01年搬遷到現在位 於義大利羅洛市的總公司，起初先蓋 一座高貨架倉庫，長135公尺，高35公 尺，包括5條自動化走道。2007年，它 新建第二座高貨架倉庫，新增7條自動化走道。所有12條走道同步運作。 第三座與其他兩座的建造規格相同，將VIPA的存儲量擴增25%， 且也將同步運作。不同的是，第三座是全面自動化設施。「第三座的加 入意味著我們能採用24小時全面自動化的系統。機械將會全天候運 作，在夜間會優化。」 除了三座倉庫之外，VIPA還有一間設備齊全的實驗室，能進行種 類廣泛的品質測試，以確保產品依循知名且受認證的標準。「我們也是 EN15048：2007標準之建築螺栓的合格製造商。我們提供的SB螺栓含 CE標誌，符合89-106、109EN-1、109EN-2標準，類別屬於高強度螺栓。」 VIPA可提供的產品還包括建築用料六角頭螺栓，符合EN14399標 準，提供普通版和熱浸鍍鋅版，尺寸M12到M36。VIPA供應給各行各 業，除了在義大利的公司之外，它還有五家分支，位於西班牙、法國、德 國、中國和捷克。
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瑞士Bossard取得航太認證 Bossard集團在義大利取得了AS9120航太認證。成為航太產業供應商 的要件就是要有官方的許可。該集團已獲得認證，且活躍於美國、法國和 瑞士的航太產業。 近年來集團不斷持續其併購策略，並已建立起在航太產業的專業。如 今在義大利取得的認證，對集團來說是在此高技術要求產業中擴大活動的 一個重要階段。義大利的航太產業在歐洲排名第四，因此扮演重要的角色。 集團表示打算採取適當的步驟來穩定強化它對航太產業的投入。憑 藉著在扣件科技領域的競爭力和創新力，集團有信心能滿足航太產業中 所有層級之顧客的特殊要求。
Bossard集團投資3D列印 Bossard收購了3d-prototyp公司49%的股份，並有意在三年內將持股 擴大到100%。做為長期策略的一環，集團有意透過此併購在未來的3D列 印市場中建立自身的地位。集團在2018年的春季宣布與三間3D列印機製 造商結盟，接手了這三間公司在瑞士市場的代理和經銷權。 3 d - p r o t o t y p 公司以複雜塑膠零件與模 型的積 層製造(a d d i t i ve manufacturing，是以材料逐漸累加的方法製造實體零件的技術)成名。 在自由形體的表面和複雜的幾何形狀的3D掃描方面，它的經驗豐富。 Bossard集團期望透過研發夥伴和製造承包者的身分，獲取塑膠積層製 造在實務上的專業知識。集團希望從設計階段、零件產製到設備選擇與 相關製造技術的諮詢都能給予顧客技術支援。集團有意在未來的幾年內 加碼投資擴大設 計和工程研發。 集團表示3D 列印在原型設 計、幾何形狀複 雜的零件、多零 件的組裝作業， 以及以輕量化為 關鍵訴求的零件 等各種方面有發展的潛能。有越來越多新材料使用到3D列印，因此集團 對這方面為扣件產品帶來的挑戰備感興趣。
漢高公司的全球黏著劑科技 研發中心動土 漢高公司已為杜賽道夫總部的全球黏著 劑科技研發中心動土。它將為這座尖端科技 的設施投資超過1.3億歐元，該設施完工後將會為多種產業強化新 科技和新應用的研發。該設施也將做為全球客戶中心，為客戶提供 黏著劑、密封膠和機能性塗料，也會為需要客製化方案的英國顧客 提供支援，也會做為總部的顧客的輔助設施。 這棟7層樓的中心會囊括幾間實驗室、研究室、測試設施、辦公 空間和會議室，占地5萬平方公尺，容納350名員工。這員工來自研 發、產品開發、應用科技和服務部門，目前仍在總部的各棟建築內 工作。漢高計畫在2020年底啟用該中心。
Trifast集團保持穩健的成長 與投資力道 Trifast集團在2018年3月至9月的營業額 達到1.05億英鎊(1.167億歐元)，以實際匯率 換算則成長了7.3%。以恆定匯率換算的有機 營收成長率為4.2%，毛利率高於預期。稅前 利潤為8百萬歐元，同年比下跌了12%。以恆 定匯率換算的基本營利上升了6.8%。 集團在歐洲的營業額為3840萬英鎊， 成長6.6%，其中它在荷蘭的汽車業、匈牙利 的電子業和德國的通用工業中獲得兩位數 的成長率。在義大利，它最大的家電客戶仍 持續下縮減下單量，這反倒抵銷了某些營 利的動能。集團在英國的營業額為3920萬 英鎊，成長10.8%，成長的動能多半是來自 併購Precision Technology Supplies公司。 英鎊的貶值讓併購價膨脹，使其他英國據 點的毛利偏低，削弱了併購後獲得的毛利增 長。集團強調，大約七成的營業額和利潤是 來自於外國。雖然脫歐會有長遠的影響，但 集團有跨部門的團隊準備了兩年的時間來 緩解無協議脫歐的風險，因此集團認為短 期內可應付營運和財務方面的衝擊。 集團在亞洲的營業額為3,008萬英鎊， 成長3.9%，成長的動能主要是來自它在新 加坡的家電事業以及台灣工廠的經銷量增 加。在中國，汽車市場的持續增長抵銷了它 在電器事業的銷量衰退。它的電器事業有一 部份移轉到了印度，集團表示在印度當地了 銷售正開始復甦。 集團在美國的表現優異，營業額達到 430萬英鎊，成長31.1%，主要是因為集團持 續打入現有的跨國汽車代工客戶。為推動強 穩成長的地區性銷售，集團已遷移到佔地更 大的經銷據點。集團投資了130萬英鎊擴增 產能，特別是新加坡與義大利當地的產能， 且表示未來會增加更多地區的產能。 在關鍵市場方面，集團表示九成的汽車 事業與內燃機並不相關，意指電動車的增產 對集團來說會是很大的成長機會。集團事實 上有預測，由於產品生命週期和車款的改變 代表了柴油動力裝置的需求降低，所以集團 在英國的汽車產量會出現短期的下降。在 義大利和中國，客戶的因素使集團在當地家 電和電子業的表現僅能持平，但集團在其 他地區強大成長力，因此有信心認為這些 市場會有長遠的潛力。
China Fastener World no.56/2019
歐洲新聞
China Fastener World no.56/2019
30 歐洲新聞
NORMA集團的有機成長動能 強勁 NORMA在2018年前三季的銷售額為 8.171億歐元，成長7%。有機成長率的表現 強勁，達到9.7%，但原物料的通膨和美國的 關稅戰使得稅息折舊及攤銷前利潤(EBITA)下跌16%。銷售成長量當中的1.4%是來 自於集團收購 Fengfan、Kimplas和Statek 這三家公司。貨幣的負面影響削減了4%的 銷售成長。第三季的銷售為2.681億歐元，同 年成長了9.7%，有機成長幅度為7.1%。
Rainer Lederer公司的創立者退休 Rainer Lederer在49年前以自己的名字和Hans Lipinski先生合夥 成立了公司。他的事業已變成歐洲最受扣件企業之一，而他在2019年 初正式退休。他在七八零年代創立公司，當時的公司名稱還是「Lederer + Lipinski」，此後公司成為歐洲不鏽鋼螺絲貿易的市場龍頭之 一。公司在1975年搬遷到埃內佩塔爾，接著在1988年在卡茲巴赫街設 立新據點，這在當時是冒了很大的風險，但他的付出有了回報，獲利一 直相當可觀。 1990年初他發現也可以透過特殊螺絲和C級零件的管理獲得成 功，因此當時他為今日的Rainer Lederer公司打下了基礎，也讓今日的 公司事業非常成功。2012年交接事業時，他的兒子Volker Lederer博士 順利承接了這家非常賺錢又受崇敬的公司。Rainer Lederer先生不僅 在財務方面表現傑出，做人處事也是如此。 那麼這間公司的創立者和接班者之間的私下的關係如何？父子共 識難免總會有摩擦，這兩位當然也不例外，但面臨重大的抉擇時，做 為父親的Rainer Lederer總能以他的遠見從容地解決。早在2006年， 他告訴自己的兒子說，在意見分歧的時刻，由兒子做最終的裁斷。他的 理由很簡單也很確切：「因為公司的未來是兒子的，不在於我！」
前三季在歐洲、中東和非洲為3.757億 歐元，成長1.8%，成長的動能包括了8月收購 的Statek公司。第三季的成長轉弱是因為歐 洲汽車業景氣困頓以及車產量下滑。集團 在美國的銷售為3.334億歐元，成長7.9%， 這是因為當地商用車和農機業的訂單景氣 好。在亞太地區的銷售為1.072億歐元，成 長26.5%，這反映出集團的接合技術部門表 現非常好，此外也有部分成長來自於併購 Kimplas公司。 前三季調整後的稅息折舊及攤銷前利 潤為1.305億歐元，下降了2.9%，而其獲利率 從前一年度的17.6%下降到16%。集團表示 收益和獲利率的下跌是因為國際原物料市 場的情勢緊繃。不鏽鋼的價格調漲和合金 的附加費用、重要塑膠零件領域的不可抗力 因素和美國的懲罰性關稅都造成了負面影 響。原物料的 短缺在採購、 生產和物流 方 面 產 生了 暫時的變動 成本。
Apolo MEA公司更名為CELO A p olo M E A公司將更名為「C E L O B efe s t ig u n g s sys t e m e GmbH」，這考量到公司名、法定形式、經理階層，且住址將維持不 變。Apolo MEA自2009年備CELO併購，這是CELO集團成長後自然 會有的結果。該集團是一家在國際上很成功的家族企業，它的核心競爭力在於研發、製造、高品質螺絲扣件的 製造與經銷。 近年來該集團主要是透過併購來擴大事業，就這這個層面來說，如今已是時候來統合集團旗下多樣的品 牌。集團已在準備為未來推出一個統一的、新鮮的形象。 集團在全球17國雇用了360名員工，在德國、西班牙、中國與美國有設廠，並出口超過80國。更名後的公司 仍會留在德國的艾夏城。近年來已有創新的扣件產品在這裡上市，考量到事業正面發展的前景，集團計畫在 當地進一步投資。
扣件新品大道
31
惠達編輯部 整理
法國Bülte發表SF系列調整腳墊 法國Bülte最近推出全新SF系列水平調整腳墊。該產品由一 圓形底座(線徑可依需求供應)和腳墊本體上六角型的底座構成。 全新的可調式腳墊已經在2019年二月上市。相較於目前市面上 以金屬和塑膠材質混和製成的水平腳墊，此款全新腳墊不管是 螺牙或其他部分皆以尼龍製成。
China Fastener World no.56/2019
特別報導
與金屬-塑膠複合式產品相較，尼龍產品提供許多優勢。它 更輕量、更便宜和更容易回收。不導電也不會產生腐蝕。聚胺材 質讓SF系列可調式腳墊可以使用在易於腐蝕的環境，以因應衛 生或特定法規需求。 底座的六角設計使其可以使用扳手進行緊固。有4種不同線 徑可供應的尼龍底座提供可以保護地板的平順表面。此款可調 式腳墊在負重狀態下也可以進行調整。產品在應用狀態下可以 用扳手來進行高度調整。擁有六角頭設計的可調式腳墊是用以 調整家具、機械和一般電器水平高度的最佳解決方案。螺牙上的 六角設計可以在不將其移除的情況下進行高度調整。不需要特
殊工具即可安裝，且能確保作業表面的平整安 全。 在設計方面，SF可調式腳墊的標準色為黑 色尼龍。但聚胺材質仍可以依需求進行調色， 適合各種產業應用。
美國DEWALT® 發表支援TOOL CONNECT™工具無線連結系統的中 階 20V MAX* XR® 1/2"衝擊扳手 美國DEWALT的20V MAX* XR® 1/2" 中階衝擊扳手系列 近日再添生力軍，可支援 TOOL CONNECT™系統(DCF896)進 行無線工具連結。 TOOL CONNECT™系統軟件提供精準扳手 PRECISION WRENCH™、精準牙攻PRECISION TAP™以及其 他客製化模式進行工具控制。 TOOL CONNECT™ 20V MAX* XR® 1/2"中階衝擊扳手轉 速為0-2000轉，每分鐘可達3100衝擊，最大正向扭力達330吋磅，最大反向扭力達600吋-磅。長度只有6.95英吋，工具重3.48 磅。此款扳手具備高效率無刷式馬達，可變速扳柄、便利的帶 扣以及LED輔助燈方便在低亮度作業環境使用。
美國GRK Fasteners™發表新一 代多用途結構及甲板扣件 以「產業最堅固耐用」螺絲聞名的GRK Fasteners公司日 前發表更新一代GRK R4™多用途結構及甲板扣件。 GRK重新設計了R4產品系列讓業界人士得以更快提高 生產力。藉由解決專業人士所遇到的主要挑戰來進行。這一 項挑戰就是嚙合太慢的問題，這類問題先前通常都是透過使 用衝擊扳手和螺絲來鑽入木板來避免等候扣件嚙合時產生 旋轉。 GRK產品經理Nick Prazuch 表示: 「我們曾聽使用者說
過在木頭上鎖螺絲是很吃力的工作之一。全新的R4具備快 速咬合鑽頭端，可以在表面立即作用，以更短時間鑽入更多 螺絲。」 除了可提高生產力的特色外，全新的GRK R4扣件系列 擁有改良設計可以確保更好的施作結果，包括: 快速咬合鑽頭端:可以快速在木頭上做動，不需預先鑽孔。 精密貼合星型鑽頭頭部，在鑽入時不須手持扣件，創造更快更 穩地鑽入過程，並讓在窄小空間作業更容易。 W-Cut™: 減少安裝扭力達到快速鑽入，安裝簡便。 最佳化螺紋長度: 改善抓緊力等優勢讓板材和板材之間不產生 間隙，也不需要二次作業。
China Fastener World no.56/2019
32 特別報導
美國Stanley新款60伏特無線鎖螺 帽槍進一步優化高扭力鎖固應用 美國STANLE Y Engineered Fastening 旗下品牌 STANLEY Assembly Technologies最近擴大其B系列無線 工具產品線，推出新款B44L無線鎖螺帽槍。使用60伏特 DEWALT® FLEXVOLT™電池，B44L是目前組裝市場上最 具動能的無線鎖螺帽槍。 為了讓使用更加方便，B44L機型可以儲存最高500組 緊固循環數據。具備內建無線控制器。可與該工廠現有的 通信系統進行無縫式整合。 B44L目前提供每分鐘轉速從243至573轉且扭力最大 到55至120牛頓米的4種機型。尺寸½"的鑽頭目前有方形、 雙頭和平頭內六角。
該款SDWS木用不銹鋼螺絲原型被成功實地使用於價 值870萬美元的Pismo海濱碼頭現代化計畫。總長1,200英 呎，Pismo碼頭自1928年建造以來有很多處就都沒有被整修 過。 為了確保Pismo碼頭計畫可以符合預算和期程要求， 同時提供結構耐用度使其可以再撐數十年，位於加州Morro Bay的Shoreline Engineering找上 Simpson Strong-Tie提 供其耐腐蝕和易於安裝的扣件。
美國Simpson Strong-Tie®發表全 新耐用高效 SDWS 木用不銹鋼螺絲 美國工程建築接合解決方案Simpson Strong-Tie宣布 正式發表SDWS木用不銹鋼結構螺絲，非常適合應用於濱岸 碼頭、木棧道、甲板和其他在高鹽水環境有結構緊固需求的 地方。
長度有3"、 4"、 5"、6"、 8"、10"和12"，SDWS木用不銹 鋼螺絲具備專利鋸齒螺牙可以免除使用大頭釘時的預鑽孔 和平底擴孔程序，同時提供比大頭釘還要高的荷重評比。 SDWS木用316不銹鋼結構螺絲可以讓Strong-Drive® 的扣件產品系列更加齊全，為濱岸碼頭、木棧道和需要扁平 墊片頭部需求的應用提供解決方案。
美國Chicago Pneumatic 發表新款CP7748衝擊扳手 美國Chicago Pneumatic最近發表一款針對 車輛服務專家使用的全新電動½”衝擊扳手。以前 一代機型的優點為設計原型，全新的CP7748特別 設計來提供操作者無法比擬的動力、舒適感和耐用 度，非常適合車修廠或路邊輪胎更換需求使用。 總重僅有4.4磅(2公斤)，可反向輸出960吋-磅 (1,300牛頓-米)的動力，CP7748衝擊扳手提供高動 力-重量比表現。 此款設計的重點是其創新設置於環狀系統上的前後轉
和動力控制，比從工具背後控制更加人性化。透過 單手簡單按下按鈕或從工具任何一個方向轉動環 件，使用者即可改變轉動方向。CP7748機型在前 轉模式也提供兩種不同設定(只輸出40%動力或全 速輸出)以及後轉模式的全速輸出。這種環件系統 讓CP7748不必退出工具改變方向即可在狹窄空 間進行操作。 CP7748因為體 積小可以在侷限的空間中提 供舒適的使用感。此款工具只有6.59吋(175毫米) 長。 馬達環繞著鉻鋁筒件和雙鎚機制，CP7748扳 手可在難以操作的環境中提供最棒的效能。
英國TR
Fastenings發表
一系列特殊設計防盜扣件 高 質 工 業 用 和 C 扣 件 設 計、製 造 和 批 發 專 家 T R Fastenings (TR)近期發表一系列防盜扣件產品，主要用以防 盜、嚇阻破壞和強化安全性。 此系列防盜安全產品可與TR現有產品形成互補且可以沿 著邊緣使用。此系列扣件添加一些設計來確保產品和所包覆 的零組件不會被破壞或是鬆脫，造成傷害或損壞。他們也確 保在受包覆結構內的零組件不會被移除，除非是經由專業受 訓過技師以特殊工具來拆卸。 該系列防盜安全扣件的設計特色有:特殊外型以防止破 壞，且要求使用非標準的鑽頭(像是2孔似豬鼻的工具)。削細 的線徑來抵抗抓取裝置。螺栓內摩擦抗力提高、限制旋轉並 讓部件很難被鬆脫。美觀面的特色像是剪切扭力和平滑表面 意味這些扣件不僅使用上安全，也非常美觀:這是在高端產品 應用中非常注重的部分。
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日本Lobtex發表90週年限量版 角度可調整複合扳手X系列 特色Ⅰ：90週年雷射打標 特色Ⅱ：G-LESS (預防抓緊力喪失機制)-此機制 可以讓鬆脫的可能性最小化，使用上更加容易。 特色Ⅲ：「X-DRIVE」-因為有應力釋放結構，全 新的“X-DRIVE”比起傳統工具可以分散更多施加 於邊緣的應力。因此，X-DRIVE可以很輕易地施加扭 力，創造穩定的緊固和卸除作業而不損壞邊緣。 特色Ⅳ：B-Less (無後座力)機制下方的夾鉗口架被A螺紋和B螺紋夾至 沒有縫隙。 特色Ⅴ：圓弧形把手-全新設計圓 弧把手可與手充分貼合。
日本LOBTEX推出在傾斜 作業環境中也不會滑脫的 套裝六角板手 L O B T E X 開 賣 了傾 斜 作 業 環 境 中 不 易滑 脫 的 「BWM9S」球端六角扳手。雖然球端六角扳手方便讓 用戶以一個角度斜著插入六角螺栓的孔洞，但若是在 高扭力的作業中就會很容易滑脫。因此LOBTEX加大 了與螺栓孔洞接觸的面積，設計出不易滑脫的扳手形 狀。 產品特色： (1) 特殊形狀：不論是直角、20度角的插入都不易滑脫。 (2) 適合緊固藏在狹窄處或深處的螺栓。 (3) 扳手的紅色固定架可折疊：取出與收納方便。
日本KTC公司與日立合作開發 AR技術的螺栓緊固系統 日立製作所與YAMAGATA公司、京都機械工具(KTC)公司合 作，為鐵道車輛開發出一套螺栓鎖固作業的管理系統，採用AR 擴充實境技術，讓操作員頭戴的智慧顯示器顯示出螺栓的鎖固 位置。這套系統讓操作員能透過儀表，確認是否有以規定的力道 鎖固住螺栓，還能做數位化管理。未來將會做測試，可望讓鐵道 車輛的生產更效率化。
China Fastener World no.56/2019
特別報導
China Fastener World no.56/2019
34 特別報導
日本日東精工開發出無凸頸式自鑽螺絲 近年來日本汽車業吹起輕量化風潮，對自鑽車用螺絲的需求 增加。其中有一種用來鑽入樹脂材料的自鑽螺絲即使在高溫環 境下發生蠕變現象(也就是在應力作用下固體材料緩慢且永久 的變形)時也不會鬆動。一般為了預防蠕變現象，會在樹脂材料 上，事先埋入遇熱不易變形的鐵製凸頸，以及埋入式螺帽，再將 該部位鎖緊。但這種方式會增加零件用量，違反輕量化的原則， 增加工數並增加成本。 日東精工成功開發出不需用到凸頸和埋入式螺帽的樹脂用 自鑽螺絲，它在同一個軸部上有兩種不同的螺紋(但牙距相同)， 透過螺紋部位自鑽到將被緊固的材料和對偶材料上。這種機制 可在軸力降低與蠕變現象發生時避免產生晃動或鬆動。該產品 已在今年2月1日販售，目標是在2020年售出100萬支，主要銷往 汽車與家電等等產業。
日本TOP工業公司推出 「頭擺鎖固式棘輪扳手」 TOP工 業開發了用來鎖固螺帽的「頭 擺鎖固式 棘 輪 扳 手」。它的棘輪部位可以180度擺動，每隔22.5度可以固定住 不動。該部位在彎折的狀態下可以鎖固螺帽，因此適合鎖固 位處深處的螺帽。 棘輪部位的外圍有塗上代表正面與背面的兩種顏色，並 標示出箭頭。將黃色面朝上，沿著箭頭的方向轉動，就能鎖固 住螺帽並防止作業出錯。 這支扳手分成十個種類，包括直徑8mm到24mm的款 式，將供應到機械、建築和汽車產業。
日本小林鍍金工業開發出電鍍專用 連續畫面檢查裝置 小林鍍金工業獨自開發的連續畫面檢查裝置內建人工 智能軟體，可自動識別出電鍍不良以及無電鍍的產品。針對 不同尺寸與形狀的檢查對象，不需要再重新設定該裝置的每 個細項，實現了檢測程序的自動化。該公司會先達成尺寸M2 以下產品的全面檢測，未來將擴充檢查的尺寸範圍與檢測項 目。
美洲新聞
John Wolz, FIN編輯 (globalfastenernews.com) Mike McNulty, FTI副總兼編輯 (www.fastenertech.com) 惠達編輯部 整理/惠達雜誌社
2018美國工業扣件股價指數仍現產業實力 在連續兩年兩位數成長後，美國扣件股價指數在2018年受到主導市場波動因素影響出現萎縮，使2018年成為該指數過去10 年來最糟糕的一年。 美國工業扣件股價指數在該年度下滑7.1%，其他相關產業股價指數則下滑7%。 根據雅虎財經表示，美股遭遇大蕭條以來最差的12月。道瓊工業平均下跌9.7%。那斯達克下滑10.4%，標普500則下滑10%。 在2018期間，工業扣件股價取代航太股成為主要主導要素。 美國工業扣件股價指數在2018年出現成長的有Dorman Products (上升47.2%); Bisco Industries (上升87.2%); Grainger (上ht 19.5%); Lawson Products (上升27.7%); TriMas (上升2%); 以及Wesco Aircraft (上升6.8%). 在2018年，多數美國工業扣件股價皆出現20%以上的跌幅，包括Arconic (下滑38.1%); Carpenter Technology (下滑30%); ITW (下滑24%) MSC Industrial (下滑20.4%); Park Ohio (下滑33.2%); Stanley Black & Decker (下滑29.4%); 以及Tree Island Steel (下滑20.5%). 在該年度第一季，該指數反映出市場趨勢，出現很大的跌幅。在第四季，該指數下滑15.6%(其他相關產業股價指數只有下跌 13.4%)。 在第四季股價下滑超過20%以上的有Carpenter Technology (下滑39.6%); Grainger (下滑21%); Park Ohio (下滑20%); Simpson Mfg. (下滑25.3%); 以及Wesco Aircraft (下滑29.5%)。 在前一季下滑0.4%後，該指數在第三季成長9.2%。其他相關產業股價指數在第三季增加9.8%。 在2018前6個月，該指數和其他相關產業股價指數都沒有甚麼變動。扣件股價指數在2018第一季成長0.3%，其他相關產業指 數則是下滑11.7%。 在2017年，扣件股價指數受到航太扣件企業獲利激勵增加20.2%。航太扣件供應商KLX(前身是B/E航太扣件部門) 受到對 商業航太製造客戶的銷售大好影響股價飆升51%。 2017年另一家扣件股價指數贏家為Arconic (前身是Alcoa Fastening Systems and Rings business)，其股價大漲47%。 相較於其他相關產業股價11.1%的成長，2016年扣件股價指數增加20%。
加拿大對進口自中國和台灣碳鋼扣件實施反傾銷及反補貼稅日落複審 加拿大邊境服務署(CBSA)4月3日宣布根據加拿大特別進口措施法(SIMA)將針對進口自中國和台灣的碳鋼扣件進行 反傾銷複審以及針對中國的補貼稅部分也進行反補貼稅複審，以獲得最新的產品正常價格和出口價格。 受影響的產品項目和適用的加拿大海關編碼都公布於附件一。附件一連結: https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/sima-lmsi/rire/fas2019/fas2019-ni-eng.html 此次複審是2015年1月5日所公布反傾銷和反補貼稅措施的日落複審。 複審結果預計會於2019年11月14日公布。 有意參加複審的出口廠商必須在今年5月13日之前提供完整詳盡的RFI表單回覆給加拿 大邊境服務署。若相關資訊在期限前回填且出口廠商同意數據驗證就會被視為配合廠商。 若受影響的出口廠商未提供足夠的資訊讓加拿大方面認定確切的正常價格或不同意 進行資訊驗證，根據SIMA第29條就會被課徵170%的反傾銷稅率。 同樣地，若中國政府或中國出口廠商無法提供完整詳盡的資訊讓加拿大方面判定其特 定的補助金額，根據SIMA，每公斤進口產品將被課以1.25人民幣的反補貼稅稅率。 本身不是受影響產品製造商的出口商只有在其配合的供應商/製造商有向加拿大邊境 服務署提供充足的資訊以便判定正常價格、出口價格和補貼金額時才可以享有正常價格 和特定補貼金額的判定。 請注意目前的日落複審加拿大邊境服務署皆有通知已知和潛在的進出口廠商。不過， 若任何進出口商沒有收到來自加拿大邊境服務署的RFI表單和通知或是也想要回填RFI 表單者請直接與下方聯絡人聯繫。另外，加方也建議進口商主動聯繫配合的出口商來判別 是否出口廠商已經收到RFI表單以及其是否有意配合此次日落複審。
任何關於複審的問題請直接聯繫: SIMA Registry and Disclosure Unit Trade and Anti-dumping Programs Directorate Canada Border Services Agency 100 Metcalfe Street, 11th floor Ottawa, ON K1A 0L8 負責官員姓名和聯繫資訊: Robert Wright: 613-954-1643 Jin Hyuck Lee: 613-954-7180 simaregistry-depotlmsi@cbsa-asfc. gc.ca
China Fastener World no.56/2019
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China Fastener World no.56/2019
36 美洲新聞
美國Vulcan Steel針對亞洲進口牙條向美國官方提出訴願 美國Vulcan Steel Products Inc.於今年2月21日正式向美國商務部和國際貿易委員會提出訴願， 訴願要求對中國、印度、台灣和泰國的碳鋼和合金鋼牙條進口實施反傾銷和反補貼措施。根據Vulcan說法，自這些國家進口的牙條正在以低於市場行情價傾銷美國，造成實質損害。 從2017年12月至2018年11月牙條有42.5%進口來自中國、25.2%來自印度、15.1%來自台灣以及4.1%來自泰國。該公 司宣稱來自於這些國家的牙條進口在2016至2017年間增加18.6%，2018也比2017年增加18.8%。因此 Vulcan宣稱傾銷 和受補貼的牙條進口正在產生顯著的負面價格影響，也造成本國產業銷售和營收的損失。 訴願羅列出以低價或受補助價傾銷牙條產品至美國的國外製造商和出口商名單以及美國當地進口這些產品的廠商。 與此次調查有關的鋼製牙條等產品指的是沒有經過鍛頭且螺牙部分大於本體實際長度25%的產品。鋼製牙條一 般來說符合ASTM規格，包括ASTM A36、ASTM A193 B7/B7m、ASTM A193 B16、ASTM A307、ASTM A320 L7/ L7M、ASTM A320 L43、ASTM A354 BC及BD、ASTM A449、ASTM F1554-36、ASTM F1554-55、ASTM F1554 105級和ASME規格ASME B18.31.3和API規格API 20E。 受影響產品包括符合上列描述且在第三國進行表面處理、組裝和包裝的部分。 有些產品則被排除在外，包括(1)螺牙部分長度小於或等於實際總長25%的產品 (2)不銹鋼牙條(碳含量小於等於總 重1.2%、鉻大於等於總重10.5%，不論有無其他元素存在)。 鋼製牙條被歸類在美國海關編碼7318.15.5051、7318.15.5056和7318.15.5090之下。其他受影響產品編碼也包括 7318.15.2095和7318.19.0000。
2019第一季美國扣件股價 指數表現填補了先前損失 南非對扣件進口攀升展開調查 南非正在對進口螺紋扣件的大幅增加展開調 查，因為相關製造商抱怨本國扣件產業因此受到 損害。 根據世貿組織3月4日所做的公告稱，南非鋼 鐵協會已經替南非扣件製造商協會提出訴願。 佔本地特定產品生產70%的T&I Chalmers Engineering (Pty) Ltd公司針對螺栓尾部、螺柱 等部分提出損害分析資訊報告。 佔南非 特定 產品 生 產 9 0 %的 Tr a n s v a a l Pressed Nuts, Bolts & Rivets (Pty) Ltd., CBC Fasteners (Pty) Ltd和SA Bolt Manufacturers (Pty) Ltd.三家公司則針對其它六角螺帽提出損 害分析報告。 申請者宣稱並提出初步資訊報告表示從2014 年7月1日至2019年6月30日其經歷銷量、市佔率、利 潤、淨利下滑和低產能利用率的實質損害。 南非扣件製造商所提出的資料顯示，產業經 歷了嚴重損害，且可能可以歸咎於特定產品進口 量的大幅度上升。 聲明中指出申請者表示中國是全球主要扣 件製造國，因此會專注在中國的動向。 根據申請者說法，中國在扣件領域的顯著影 響力和發展將對全球發展產生影響。
在烏拉圭回合談判 期間，南非並沒有預見 全球扣件產能、生產和 出口會驟升(而這主要是 受到中國和亞洲扣件市 場成長的影響 )。 資料也指出中國經 濟放緩以及全球需求萎 縮。2008至2010年間的 金融危機對扣件需求造 成影響，加上產能增加 讓供需失衡，隨後造成 出口量增加。
在2019年第一季，美國扣件股價指 數把先前2018年的損失一次補回來，相 較於其他相關股價指數的8.6%成長，扣 件股價指數成長了7.2%。 多 數 列於股價指數 調 查的美國航 太、汽車和工業扣件廠商在第一季都出 現成長表現。 Carpenter Technology公司在這段期 間創造出最大的獲利比率，其在2019年 前3季增加了28.8%。 其他在第一季獲利超過10%的廠商 有Arconic (上升13.3%); Bisco Industries (上升23.8%); Fastenal (上升23%); ITW (上升14.6%); Nucor (上升12.6%); Stanley Black & Decker (上升13.7%); 和 TriMas (上升10.8%)。
中國的碳鋼扣件產 能出現顯著閒置，讓美 加等國所實施的扣件貿 易補正措施日益增加。
在第一季出現獲利下滑的有Chicago Rivet (下滑10.5%); Dorman Products (下滑2.1%); Lawson P roducts (下滑 0.6%); 和Tree Island Steel (下滑4.5%)。
這些扣件產品包括 鋼鐵製螺紋扣件、螺栓 和螺柱、六角螺帽(包括 不鏽鋼或航太用產品)。 自2014年7月起4年期間 進口大幅度增加。
美國扣件股價指數在2018年受市場 變化劇烈影響出現萎縮，讓2018成為十 年來股價指數表現最差的一年。 該年度扣件股價指數相較於其他相 關產業股價指數的7%下滑降低了7.1%。 在此之前曾經有連續兩年的兩位數成長。
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美國STANLEY Engineered Fastening在俄亥俄州Elyria設立新工廠 美國STANLEY® Engineered Fastening日前在美國俄亥俄州Elyria市設立全新的生產據點。STANLEY Engineered Fastening相關主管和當地政府官員於3月20日一同出席了工廠的開幕剪綵儀式。 整個裝修完成後，這座面積達101,000平方英尺的廠房將 會導入工業4.0的概念，使用可以為員工創造更安全和更加舒 適作業環境的機械。先進機械的安裝作業預計會在2019年第 三季完成。這項投資讓Stanley Engineered Fastening創造更 加流暢的製程，並提升運送高品質產品給客戶的生產效率。 STANLEY Engineered Fastening的員工將於這座新廠房 製造創新的螺柱焊接設備、焊接螺柱和建築/基礎建設/工業/ 國防市場客戶所需的關鍵性扣件。
Chicago Rivet入選賓州Blair郡商務 部商業名人堂殊榮 賓州Blair郡商務部將Chicago Rivet & Machine Co.位於賓州Tyrone的工廠選入2018年商業 名人堂。入選的標準包括在該區持續營運25年、積 極投入社區貢獻、員工聘用數成長和廠房擴張。入 選典禮於2018年10月15日在Blair郡會議中心舉辦。 Chicago Rivet & Machine Co.表示: 「我們非常榮 幸在Tyrone的團隊成員多年來傑出的表現和努力獲 得Blair郡的認可。每一位Tyrone廠的團隊過去和現 在的成員都值得獲得這項殊榮表揚。因為沒有他們 多年來的貢獻，我們根本無法獲得這項肯定。」總部 位於伊利諾州的Chicago Rivet & Machine Co.是一 家有IATF 16949認證的企業。
Solon Manufacturing 歡慶70週年 成立於1949年， Solon Manufacturi ng Compa ny是供 應貝式彈簧、墊片、工業壓力轉換產品和SF6氣 體密度監測設備給超過40國產業的全球領導設 計製造商。現今，Solon Manufacturing持續以 其創辦者的典範(為公司和股東持續創新以及 熱情)為基礎蓬勃發展，至今已成功發展超過70 年，擁有55名員工和3條產品線。
Boker's歡慶100週年及擴廠 位於美國明尼蘇達州的Boke’s, Inc.是精密金屬沖壓件、墊片、 間隔件的製造商，2019年正好成立100週年。Boke’s將在今年度慶 祝和表揚其最重視的客戶和員工，也會設立全新的製造廠。 Boke’s非常感謝也很 榮幸可以在過去100年服務 客戶並協助他們業務達到 成功。該公司對可以提供高 品質的工作機會給其努力的員工也感到相當感激。Boke’s1919年由 Vitus Boker和其子John Boker共同成立。不過，因為其具備治具知 識，於是公司開始藉著生產自動化機械用原型件和客製件來創造 更多營收。隨著Boke’s用以生產高品質沖壓金屬件的獨特加工法 逐漸打響名聲，需求也開始出現成長。Vitus後來也在沖壓產業深 耕並成為這種沖壓件的先驅之一。業務量爆炸性成長並年復一年 發展漸入佳境，廠房空間和業務量都持續成長。今日的Boke’s仍是 一家遵循Vitus Boke’s努力工作且專注細節精神的家族型企業，並 由 Bill Tedlund擔任董事長。Bill的兒女也都是公司股東。Chuck 和Tony Kersey則是銷售行銷方面的第五代成員。Boke’s提供幾乎 所有產業和產品所需的部件-從付費電話、咖啡機、醫療設備、飛 彈、到信件篩選機、到牙科設備、雪鞋和航空器都有。Boke’s目前 正在擴張其製造廠，讓產品品像更加多樣化時，效率化加工流程和 提高產能。新廠房空間增加66,500平方英呎，幾乎是目前製造廠空 間的兩倍。
Hillman集團投資 新廠 位於美國俄 亥俄州的 The Hillman Group, Inc.是專門提供零售五金市場解決方案的領導 廠商。該公司宣布將遷移目前加拿大的經銷中心和總部辦公室到位 於安大略多倫多市全新現代化設計，面積廣達400,000平方英呎的 廠房。配置350名員工和幾近完工的新廠幫助下，Hillman將邁入其 加拿大廠房現代化計畫的最後階段，藉此鞏固整個大多倫多地區7 個營運據點。Hillman Canada總經理Scott Ride 表示:「這將會是有 效率、先進的和最重要的廠房，也將提供客戶、供應商和員工創造 更好的優勢。Hillman Group, Inc.是北美地區完整五金解決方案的 領導型供應商，提供業界最佳的客戶服務給超過 26,000名客戶。
China Fastener World no.56/2019
美洲新聞
China Fastener World no.56/2019
38 美洲新聞
JW Winco, Inc.在墨西哥開設新分處 位於美國威斯康辛的JW Winco, Inc.公司最近在墨西哥設立新分處。新分處有超過1200平方英呎充 滿現代設計的辦公空間以及超過10,000平方英呎的倉儲空間。墨西哥分處總經理Carlos Cantu 表示:「一 開始我們會庫存超過4,000種以上部件來改善我們對墨西哥客戶的服務。新大樓有很棒的物流後勤可以 讓我們提供墨西哥客戶快速出貨。該分處也會提供客戶在地支援和技術訓練。當然我們也會持續增添新 產品來滿足客戶需求，尤其是在各類金屬和塑膠標準機械零部件方面。」JW Winco針對其西語網站也已 經做了改善，網站也提供線上採購部分。
ASG of Jergens開設 愛爾蘭倉儲據點 為了提供國際客戶更好服 務，Jergens, Inc.旗下ASG公司 在愛爾蘭Limerick開設全新倉 儲據點。ASG目前將直接從現 有據點出貨到週邊歐洲國家。藉由在地化庫存， 客戶將可以享受到很多優勢，包括更低的貨運成 本、免稅運送和更短交期。ASG會持續以競爭力 的價格準時提供產品、服務和解決方案。
Arconic取消100億美元併購協定 在先前華爾街日報報導Arconic將以超過100億 美元的金額接受Apollo Global Management併購後 一週，該航太扣件和零組件製造商宣布與買家的協 商已經破局。 公司主席John C. Plant表示: 「我們並沒有收到我們認為對整個 Acronic股東和其他股東最有利的全公司交易提案。」 Arconic從去年夏天Apollo和其他兩家公司表明有意願併購時就一 直在仔細考慮可能的接手方案。, Plant表示: 「Arconic將繼續按照先前宣布的出售旗下建築系統 部門。」
LISI AUTOMOTIVE 併購Hi-VOL Products LISI集團子公司LISI AUTOMOTIVE已經併 購Hi-Vol Products LLC 100%股權。Hi-Vol Products是美國汽車產業用機械安全零部件的領導製 造商。此項併購案顯示LISI AUTOMOTIVE強化 其全球機械安全零部件生產領導地位的策略。
2018年第三季，Arconic 公布了工程產品和解決方案(主要是航太 扣件)的營收增加6%至16億美元。內部營收受航太引擎和國防業務銷 量成長驅使上升6%。 Arconic是Alcoa董事會無異議通過分割Alcoa為兩家獨立上市企 業後於2016年成立。位於加州Torrance的Arconic Fastening Systems & Rings專門設計製造緊固系統和環件，包括航太和工業用之特殊扣 件、流體緊固元件、組裝零組件、安裝系統和無縫式環件。Arconic在 德州有5座廠房聘用1,550名員工，全球聘用超過7,000名員工。
Endries併購 Industrial Products Company 美國威斯康辛Endries International宣布已經併購位於維吉尼亞的Industrial Products Company (IPC)。IPC提供扣件和相關產品零組件給OEM市場。除了維吉尼亞總部外，IPC在 密西西比、內布拉斯加和中國都有倉儲據點。IPC客戶透過各式管道(包括廠內VMI系統)取得相關服務。在ISO9001 和A2LA認證下，IPC提供高品質產品服務給其OEM客戶。IPC負責人Scott Wolf,將繼續在該公司擔任領導職務。 Endries是扣件和C-部件的領導經銷商，服務全球產業代工廠。從位於Brillion的總部到美國和其他國家共八處經銷 中心，Endries提供超過500,000個庫存單位給客戶。
Lawson Products設立加拿大新分處 位於美國芝加哥的Lawson Products, Inc.專門經銷產品服務給MRO市場，且已經在加拿大溫哥華開 設全新的螺栓供應據點。目前該公司在加拿大西部4省都有據點。位於Surrey的Port Kells工業區的廠房廣 達12,000平方英呎，庫存有關鍵產業用扣件產品。
China Fastener World no.56/2019
40 產業報導
貿易概況 2019年1月波蘭的工業生產同年成長了 6.1%，比去年12月的成長紀錄多了2.8%。波 蘭在1992至2019年1月的平均工業生產成 長率約為6.3%，這段期間成長率最高的時 間點是在2004年3月，達到23.5%，最低點 是2019年1月的負15.30%。 波蘭受益於良好的勞動力品質，它的 勞動力相當高效率，薪資水準相對較低。 此外，波蘭總體經濟的一致性和強度、國 內基礎建設的發展和貿易邊界的開放，讓 波蘭的經濟處於健康成長的階段。波蘭去 年的GDP成長5%，未來兩年的GDP預測將 繼續成長。 在貿易統計方面，波蘭的主要出口對 象為歐洲國家。與全球出口額相比，波蘭近 年來對歐洲國家的出口額達到80%以上。 以2017年為例，只有少部分出口到亞洲(約 6%)、北美(約4%)、非洲、拉美(約2%)，其 餘則輸往歐洲國家。 至於在進口方面，除了來自歐洲之外， 波蘭有許多來自亞洲國家的主要供應商。 中國、南韓、印度、日本、台灣這些主要的 亞洲出口國在過去兩年內使波蘭產生明顯 的貿易赤字。這些國家在2018年對波蘭出 口了價值幾十億美金的產品，但他們從波 蘭製造商進口的產品金額明顯很低。 2018年12月，波蘭的貿易赤字達13.4億 歐元。波蘭在2000至2018年間的平均貿易 差額為負5.9502億歐元，但它去年初的貿 易額增加了將近十倍。波蘭大部分進口的 是工業機械整備或機械設備與輸送設備等 等製造用物料所需的資本財貨。 在波蘭產生最高貿易盈餘的貿易夥伴 中，波蘭對烏克蘭、羅馬尼亞和英國的貿易 盈餘在過去幾年內增加的速度最快。這種 盈餘顯示波蘭對這些貿易夥伴展現競爭優 勢，但也顯示波蘭對個別國家採取特定策 略的重要性，以優化波蘭在國際貿易中的 地位。
波蘭的扣件市場
文/ Shervin Shahidi Hamedani
在扣件市場中，特別是螺絲、螺栓、螺帽(海關編碼7318)，波蘭扣件製 造商的最大出口對象是德國。2018年，波蘭出口了價值約1.927億美金的扣件 到德國。2018年的出口額大幅高過2017年，達1.761億美金。身為第二大扣件 進口國的英國排在德國之後，在2018年從波蘭製造商進口了價值3,600萬美 金的扣件。波蘭扣件製造商的第三大市場在法國。2018年，波蘭出口了價值 2,140萬美金扣件到法國。 除了前述波蘭的三大出口市場之外，進口波蘭扣件的前十大國家是瑞 典、捷克、斯洛伐克、俄國、羅馬尼亞、比利時、白俄羅斯、荷蘭和挪威。值得 注意的是，除了歐洲國家之外，名單中並沒有來自其他地區的國家。前述十 國的扣件總進口額是低於德國進口扣件的金額。這顯示德國市場對波蘭扣 件製造商來說有多麼關鍵。 與進口商相反的是，出口產品到波蘭的國際供應商是來自歐洲、亞洲與 美洲的多元製造商與貿易商。進口到波蘭的扣件金額顯示德國仍是榜首，被 歸為對波蘭出口扣件的大宗國，其次是中國、台灣、義大利、美洲、法國、捷 克、日本、越南、南韓、西班牙、英國。 2018年，波蘭從德國進口了總價值3.931億美金的扣件，比波蘭在2018年 的扣件總進口額的一半再少一點點，其中對波蘭出口扣件的國家排名是以它 們對波蘭出口的金額為計算基準。在出口的量方面，中國對波蘭的出口量最 高，因為他們的商品與德國的扣件相對，主要是品質較低且較便宜的標準扣 件。中國出口商賣了價值約1.136億美金的扣件到波蘭市場，德國出口商賣出 的量還要低得多。然而，與德國製造商出貨61,350噸到波蘭相比，中國對波 蘭的出口量是77,747噸。 波蘭的工業扣件進口高度仰賴國內和地區性需求。當地的工業成長和對 歐洲(尤其是德國)出口量的增加都為創造扣件的需求扮演了重要的角色。此 外，波蘭強力的個人消費和回溫的投資都大幅助推扣件進口的需求創造。 波蘭扣件製造商需要善用變化萬千的全球市場趨勢所創造的機會。透 過專攻自身擅長的領域，出口商可在全球規模下真正變得有競爭力。然而 波蘭製造業仍有很大的成長空間，包括國際合作，研發、海外企業併購與科 技。當地製造商和出口商需要有效且積極的國際合作。最後，波蘭仍需要更 多投資在基礎建設、制定更簡易的條規以吸引外資，並投資更多在新科技和 創新。 來源
波蘭扣件市場是歐洲最令人印象深刻 的快速成長市場之一，支撐它的動力包括工 業製造、汽車、航太、建築業在國內外的需 求成長。總體來說，當地的扣件有一大部分 是由國內產業來使用。舉例來說，波蘭是全 球最大的家具出口國之一，家具產業為波蘭 當地製造商的工業扣件創造出高需求。
2018波蘭扣件貿易分析
World's Top Exports, Poland's Top Trading Partners ITC, Trade statistics for international business development Poland 2025: Europe’s new growth engine by McKinsey & Company
中國緊固工具 市場概況分析
在本文中，我們將會以下列兩個產品海關編碼的數據 來分析中國緊固工具的貿易概況。 海關編碼8205
海關編碼8207 文/Behrooz Lotfian
出口
在這兩個類別中，中國的出口值超過62億美元。中國是全球緊固工具主要供應國之一。 中國製的工具主要市場是美國，德國則是中國手工具的第二大市場。 單位:千美元
出口夥伴
8205
2015
2016
2017
2018
全球
2,196,546
2,296,598
2,169,470
2,304,194
2,616,442
美國
521,345
607,857
545,409
627,987
717,820
德國
114,228
115,777
111,340
114,754
130,864
1,560,973
1,572,964
1,512,721
1,561,453
1,767,758
2014
2015
2016
2017
其他國家 單位: 千美元 出口夥伴
8207
2014
2018
全球
2,814,767
2,811,322
2,661,485
3,211,071
3,636,030
美國
589,731
577,347
561,514
655,367
807,203
德國
209,777
228,252
249,133
300,266
313,518
2,015,259
2,005,723
1,850,838
2,255,438
2,515,309
其他國家
右圖顯示中國是全球主要的手工具供應商，且其工具產品沒有特 定出口哪個特定市場(除了美國之外)。
出口佔比
美國是中國工具產品最大的買家。它購買了22.2%至24.4%中國出 口的工具產品。該圖顯示中國出口至美國的工具產品呈現正向成長趨 勢，但在目前中國輸出至美國的關稅提高下，預計中國工具產品在美國 的市佔率在2019年會出現下滑。 位居中國手工具產品第二大買家的德國的表現與美國之間仍有明 顯差距。它所購買的工具產品比美國向中國購買的產品少了5.5倍。 其他超過190個國家合計購買約70%中國製工具產品。
進口 中國在這兩類產品項目的進口值為18億美元。這意謂中國市場對手工具來說也是龐大的市場。不 過下表顯示: 中國在8205這類產品是可自給國家，因其出口比進口高出20倍以上。 在8207這類產品項目，中國的出口是其進口的2倍。以典型分析觀點看，這意謂中國在這類產品項 目中也是可自給國家，不過高達18億美元的進口值對工治具出口商來說也是很龐大的市場。 德國在中國8205和8207的產品進口項目中也是其主要夥伴，另外美國和日本也在8205和8207產 品類別中分別列名第2位。不過，日本的工具出口值比美國的工具出口值高出20倍以上。 單位:千美元
8205
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
全球
133,591
114,943
108,222
103,897
123,109
德國
35,100
29,725
24,224
18,757
25,871
美國
16,943
13,809
14,585
18,686
20,287
其他國家
81,548
71,409
69,413
66,454
76,951
進口來源
41 China Fastener World no.56/2019
產業報導
China Fastener World no.56/2019
42 產業報導 單位:千美元
8207
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
全球
1,734,053
1,735,922
1,495,507
1,695,466
1,791,160
德國
299,842
403,729
323,828
373,240
465,852
日本
454,656
392,629
392,029
437,698
428,038
其他國家
979,555
939,564
779,650
884,528
897,270
進口來源
左圖顯示8207產品項目的進口。由於8205產品項目的進口數據相 較於8207產品項目的數據小許多，所以未在進口圖表中顯示出來。
進口佔比
左圖顯示德國在中國手工具進口的佔比增加。雖然它在2014年的 佔比只有17.3%，但在2018年已成長至26.0%。 日本在2016年的市佔為26.2%，但其出口在2017年出現下滑且在 2018年被德國拋之在後。 這兩個國家(日本和德國)滿足了中國所需工具50%以上的需求，剩 下的50%則由其他200個國家來滿足。 在這個案例中，我們可以假設這兩國是中國的主要夥伴且意謂中 國供應商專注在這兩國的產品。
2019年展望? 美國透過增加關稅向中國展開貿易大戰，而做為最大 的工具製造國之一的中國也深受影響。因此中國開始強化 與德國和日本等其他經濟體的夥伴關係也就顯得正常。另 一方面，西方國家與美國關係較好，所以也會擔心與中國合 作可能會招致美國制裁，因此，德美關係和日美關係也讓中 日關係和中德關係的平衡點變得相對複雜。 下表比較了中國和其主要夥伴間的工具貿易往來。 中國貿易統計 單位:千美元
8205
8207
在美德間的夥伴關係下，德國從中國的工具進口也減少了 19.2%，但中國從德國的進口則增加了6.1%。 貿易戰減少了中國8205產品項目在全球的市場達18.0%， 而其在這類產品項目的進口也減少約5%。
2018第四季 2019第一季 前季比
全球 進口來源 德國
29,243
27,839
-4.8%
5,489
5,823
6.1%
美國
5,585
4,510
-19.2%
全球
648,904
531,933
-18.0%
出口夥伴 美國
194,328
140,498
-27.7%
德國
32,674
26,390
-19.2%
中國貿易統計 單位:千美元
美國和中國之間的貿易減少非常明顯。在8205產品項目 中，中國從美國的進口減少了19.2%，美國從中國的工具進口 則減少了27.7%。
2018第四季 2019第一季
在8207的產品項目中，中美之間的貿易戰讓美國從中國之 間的進口減少了27%，而德國也減少了從中國同類產品的進 口0.4%。貿易戰縮減了中國在全球的市場約15%。 與8205產品項目一樣，中國大幅增加了從德國和日本 的工具進口。
前季比
全球
371,657
445,379
19.8%
進口來源 日本
110,118
147,930
34.3%
德國
81,003
106,798
31.8%
全球
930,507
791,877
-14.9%
出口夥伴 美國
202,618
147,977
-27.0%
德國
72,168
71,886
-0.4%
2019和2020年對中國來說將會是非常具挑戰的一年，而 中國的反應也會是貿易戰的關鍵重點。
43 China Fastener World no.56/2019
產業報導
2018 俄羅斯扣件 進出口趨勢分析 文 / Sharareh Shahidi Hamedani
前言 俄羅斯扣件出口到全球約9,440.7萬美元，其扣件進口值超過8.55206億美元。俄羅斯扣件出口值對其扣 件進口值比率為0.11。因此，很明顯俄羅斯在扣件領域需仰賴進口。 本文將分析俄羅斯進出口的主要夥伴。
出口 下表顯示俄羅斯出口至全球扣件的趨勢。
2017年七月
2017年六月
全球
進口國 2017年八月
2017年九月
7,504 2017年十月
2017年十一月
2017年十二月
6,629
7,368
9,452
6,687
6,500
8,234
2018年一月
2018年二月
2018年三月
2018年四月
2018年五月
2018年六月
4,787
7,287
7,763
8,091
7,758
9,058
2018年七月
2018年八月
2018年九月
2018年十月
2018年十一月
2018年十二月
7,634
8,115
7,547
9,041
8,228
9,098
2019年一月
數值單位為千美元
5,017 千美元 10,000
全球
左列圖表可歸納出幾項重點: 1- 俄羅斯出口至全球扣件呈現緩緩向 上發展的趨勢。 2- 除了2018九月出現負成長外，其他月 份相較於去年同期都是正成長。 3- 相較於2018年一月，2019年一月一開 始就有4.8%的成長。
9,000 8,000 7,000
簡單來說，機械和治具供應商和投資者 適合漸進式地在俄羅斯市場進行投資。
6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000
20 1
7 20 年六 17 月 年 20 七 17 月 年 20 八 17 月 20 年九 1 月 20 7年 17 十 年 月 20 十 17 一 年 月 十 20 二 18 月 年 20 一 18 月 年 20 二 18 月 年 20 三 18 月 年 20 四 18 月 年 20 五 18 月 20 年六 18 月 年 20 七 18 月 年 20 八 18 月 20 年九 1 月 20 8年 18 十 年 月 20 十 18 一 年 月 十 20 二 19 月 年 一 月
0
全球
俄羅斯扣件的主要銷售市場: 一般預測若某國的出口比其進口的力道弱，其所出口的產品基本上都是出口至鄰近國家。在俄羅斯也是如此。哈薩克、 白羅斯和伊朗是俄羅斯出口扣件的第一、第二和第四大市場。這三國購買了超過53%以上俄羅斯出口扣件。俄羅斯出口扣件 的第三大市場是德國。這4個國家佔了俄羅斯總扣件出口值的66%。 這幾國詳細的貿易數據如下:
1- 哈薩克
2- 白羅斯
下表顯示從俄羅斯進口的扣件總值以及哈薩克在俄羅斯 出口扣件的市場規模。 2,011
2017年七月
2017年八月
2017年九月
2017年十月
2,098
2,158
1,984
1,684
1,738
1,578
2018年一月
2018年二月
2018年三月
2018年四月
2018年五月
2018年六月
1,203
1,373
1,747
1,983
2,148
2,315
2018年七月
2018年八月
2018年九月
2018年十月
1,904
2,189
1,652
2,250
2019年一月
下表顯示從俄羅斯進口的扣件總值以及白羅斯在俄羅斯 扣件出口中的市場規模。
2017年六月
哈薩克
進口國
2017年七月
2018年十一月 2018年十二月
2,081
1,789
2017年六月
白羅斯
進口國
2017年十一月 2017年十二月
數值單位為千美元
1,118
2017年八月
2017年九月
2017年十月
1,635 2017年十一月 2017年十二月
1,941
1,697
2,182
1,863
1,378
1,093
2018年一月
2018年二月
2018年三月
2018年四月
2018年五月
2018年六月
2,480
3,236
997
1,838
1,677
2,004
2018年七月
2018年八月
2018年九月
2018年十月
2,319
2,131
1,401
2,517
2019年一月
1,107
2018年十一月 2018年十二月
1,612
1,281
數值單位為千美元
哈薩克
白羅斯
35.0%
0.4%
30.0%
0.35%
25.0% 20.0%
在俄扣件出口佔比
15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0%
0.3% 0.25% 0.2% 0.15% 0.1%
六 7年 月 七 7年 月 20 八 17 月 年 20 九 1 月 20 7年 17 十 年 月 20 十 17 一 年 月 十 20 二 18 月 年 20 一 18 月 年 20 二 18 月 年 20 三 18 月 年 20 四 18 月 年 20 五 18 月 年 20 六 18 月 年 20 七 18 月 年 20 八 18 月 年 20 九 1 月 20 8年 18 十 年 月 20 十 18 一 年 月 十 20 二 19 月 年 一 月
0.05%
六 7年 月 七 7年 月 20 八 17 月 年 20 九 1 月 20 7年 17 十 年 月 20 十 17 一 年 月 十 20 二 18 月 年 20 一 18 月 年 20 二 18 月 年 20 三 18 月 年 20 四 18 月 年 20 五 18 月 年 20 六 18 月 年 20 七 18 月 年 20 八 18 月 年 20 九 1 月 20 8年 18 十 年 月 20 十 18 一 年 月 十 20 二 19 月 年 一 月
20 1
哈薩克
20 1
7年
20 1
20 1
20 1
7年
0%
20 1
在俄扣件出口佔比
白羅斯
2017年第二季至2018年底俄羅斯扣件在哈薩克的市場越 來越萎縮，但同一時間扣件出口總值卻增加了，顯示俄羅斯扣 件供應商有找到新市場。
這樣的趨勢與哈薩克相同。從2017年第二季至2018年 底，白羅斯市場在俄羅斯扣件出口的佔比變得越來越小。 白羅斯市場在2018年九月的表現來到最高，它採購了35.7% 俄羅斯出口扣件。2018年十二月表現最差，只採購俄羅斯出 口扣件的13.3%。
哈薩克市場在2017年十月的狀況最佳，其採購了31.6%俄 羅斯出口的扣件。2018年二月狀況最差，只購買俄羅斯扣件的 18.8%。
3- 德國
德國 14.0%
德國
進口國 2017年七月
2017年六月
2017年八月
2017年九月
392
2017年十月
2017年十一月 2017年十二月
12.0% 在俄扣件出口佔比
下表顯示德國從俄羅斯進口的扣件總值以及德國在俄羅 斯扣件出口中的市場規模。
10.0% 8.0% 6.0% 4.0%
324
446
524
490
566
2018年二月
2018年三月
2018年四月
2018年五月
2018年六月
2.0%
387
521
576
536
678
461
0.0%
2018年七月
2018年八月
2018年九月
2018年十月
607
555
487
570
2019年一月
634
2018年十一月 2018年十二月
583
數值單位為千美元
550
7年 20 六 17 月 年 20 七 17 月 年 20 八 17 月 年 20 九 1 月 20 7年 17 十 年 月 20 十 17 一 年 月 十 20 二 18 月 年 20 一 18 月 年 20 二 18 月 年 20 三 18 月 年 20 四 18 月 年 20 五 18 月 年 20 六 18 月 年 20 七 18 月 年 20 八 18 月 年 20 九 1 月 20 8年 18 十 年 月 20 十 18 一 年 月 十 20 二 19 月 年 一 月
495 2018年一月
20 1
China Fastener World no.56/2019
44 產業報導
德國
從2017年第二季到2018年底俄羅斯扣件在德國的市場越來越小。德國的市場在2018年八月的表現達到最 佳，共採購俄羅斯出口扣件的8.7%。2017年八月的表現最差，只採購了俄羅斯出口扣件的4.4%。2019年一月，數據 急遽飆升，在2018年十二月至2019年一月期間成長了200%。
進口
4- 伊朗
下列圖表顯示俄羅斯從全球進口扣件的趨勢。
下表顯示伊朗從俄羅斯進口的扣件總值以及伊朗在俄羅 斯扣件出口市場中的規模。 3
2017年七月
2017年八月
2017年九月
2017年十月
4
17
0
1
2
268
2018年一月
2018年二月
2018年三月
2018年四月
2018年五月
2018年六月
99
486
1,021
334
60
1
2018年七月
2018年八月
2018年九月
2018年十月
17
182
1
0
2019年一月
2017年七月
2017年十一月 2017年十二月
2
71,841
2017年十月
2017年十一月 2017年十二月
62,836
69,076
60,479
60,710
58,130
61,271
2018年二月
2018年三月
2018年四月
2018年五月
2018年六月
73,518
77,476
55,170
62,055
65,536
69,872
2018年七月
2018年八月
2018年九月
2018年十月
77,741
76,978
70,666
81,844
2018年十一月 2018年十二月
72,332
72,018
數值單位為千美元 全球
千美元 90,000 80,000
伊朗
70,000
0.14%
60,000
0.12%
50,000
0.1%
40,000
0.08%
30,000 20,000
0.06%
10,000
0.04%
六 7年 月 七 7年 月 20 八 17 月 年 20 九 1 月 20 7年 17 十 年 月 20 十 17 一 年 月 十 20 二 18 月 年 20 一 18 月 年 20 二 18 月 年 20 三 18 月 年 20 四 18 月 年 20 五 18 月 年 20 六 18 月 年 20 七 18 月 年 20 八 18 月 年 20 九 1 月 20 8年 18 十 年 月 20 十 18 一 年 月 十 20 二 19 月 年 一 月
20 1
0%
20 1
7年
六 7年 月 七 7年 月 20 八 17 月 年 20 九 1 月 20 7年 17 十 年 月 20 十 17 一 年 月 十 20 二 18 月 年 20 一 18 月 年 20 二 18 月 年 20 三 18 月 年 20 四 18 月 年 20 五 18 月 年 20 六 18 月 年 20 七 18 月 年 20 八 18 月 年 20 九 1 月 20 8年 18 十 年 月 20 十 18 一 年 月 十 20 二 19 月 年 一 月
0
0.02%
20 1
在俄扣件出口佔比
2017年九月
2018年一月
64,592
605
數值單位為千美元
461
2017年八月
2019年一月
2018年十一月 2018年十二月
2017年六月
全球
出口國
2017年六月
伊朗
進口國
全球
20 1
20 1
7年
上列圖表可歸納出幾項重點:
伊朗
1- 跟出口數據一樣，俄羅斯從全球進口扣件的趨勢呈現緩慢 向上的成長。
伊朗受到國際制裁的影響相關數據波動劇烈。不過圖表 也顯示在2018年三月和2018年十二月伊朗是俄羅斯出口扣件 的一大市場。
2- 相較於前一年同期，所有月份的數據皆呈現成長。 3- 相較於2018年一月，2019年一月一開始就有7.8%的成長。 簡單來說，俄羅斯對扣件製造商來說是可漸進式投資的市場。
俄羅斯市場的主要扣件供應來源 中國是俄羅斯市場上主要的扣件供應商來源，其中約有46.5%的扣件由俄羅斯消費者買去。 德國、台灣和日本分別佔俄羅斯扣件進口來源的7.3%、5.4%和5.1%。 各國的詳細數據顯示如下:
1- 中國
中國 0.5%
下表顯示從中國出口的扣件總值以及俄羅斯在中國出口 扣件的市場規模。
2017年十一月 2017年十二月
26,401
27,014
18,872
18,157
18,303
22,728
2018年一月
2018年二月
2018年三月
2018年四月
2018年五月
2018年六月
28,269
32,516
18,821
23,267
22,201
27,076
2018年七月
2018年八月
2018年九月
2018年十月
34,150
31,906
28,315
33,125
2019年一月
30,066
0.2% 0.15% 0.1% 0.05% 0%
2018年十一月 2018年十二月
30,493
29,010
數值單位為千美元
從2017年第二季至2018年底中國在俄羅斯市場的影響力 變得越來越大。中國的市佔規模在2018年七月表現最佳，佔 了整個俄羅斯扣件進口的43.9%。2017年十月表現最差，只佔 俄羅斯扣件進口的29.9%。
六 7年 月 20 七 17 月 年 20 八 17 月 年 20 九 1 月 20 7年 17 十 年 月 20 十 17 一 年 月 十 20 二 18 月 年 20 一 18 月 年 20 二 18 月 年 20 三 18 月 年 20 四 18 月 年 20 五 18 月 年 20 六 18 月 年 20 七 18 月 年 20 八 18 月 年 20 九 1 月 20 8年 18 十 年 月 20 十 18 一 年 月 十 20 二 19 月 年 一 月
2017年十月
在俄扣件進口佔比
2017年九月
0.3% 0.25%
7年
2017年八月
31,086
0.4% 0.35%
20 1
2017年七月
2017年六月
中國
出口國
0.45%
20 1
20 1
45 China Fastener World no.56/2019
產業報導
中國
其他國家供應商 把中國的市佔及其在俄羅斯市場的成長和俄羅斯本身扣 件市場的成長相比，可以預測其他國家的供應商的成長勢必 相對薄弱甚或出現負成長趨勢。
China Fastener World no.56/2019
46 產業報導
2018中美扣件與 文/ Shervin Shahidi Hamedani
汽車貿易分析
中美的貿易緊張，或稱「潛在的貿易戰」，自去年以來已引起許多商界人士的 注意。2018年末，中國宣布對美製以及進口自美國的汽車，將關稅降低15%。這對 維穩兩國的貿易來說是一個良好的跡象，但好景不常，因為中國在生效的一個月 前又撤回了承諾，再次將對美國汽車關稅提高至40%。之前中國已經對所有進口 汽車施以25%的關稅，而美國對進口車輛只課徵2.5%關稅。 另一方面，去年美國宣布對中國製造汽車(包括 那些由美國車廠在中國生產的部分)課徵新稅率。 因此，有些美國車廠決定暫緩在中國設新製造工廠 的計畫，而這也讓中美兩國間的貿易不平衡問題變 得更加複雜。在2018上半年，中國的總汽車進口數 量減少13%，而中國市場的銷售則增加10.2%。 根據前面所說的部份，我們可以很容易得到一 個結論:相較於前幾年，2018年中美之間的貿易充滿 變化和失衡。美國汽車品牌出口至中國的數量並不 顯著，只佔中國總汽車銷售的1%，不過美國前三大 車廠仍然有很大的生產和銷售比重倚賴中國市場。 目前中國有四大汽車生產國集團。美國僅次於 德國和日本。排名美國之後位居第四的是韓國。去 年美國車廠在中國的市佔約11.6%(統計至2018年六 月)，比2016和2017年所締造的12.6%中國市佔還要 低。這發生在中國受惠技術和法規的快速發展汽車 出口在同期增加24.1%之後。 根據中國和美國之間的貿易統計，中國向美國 製造商進口的汽車位居第三大進口項目，位居航 太、油菜籽和穀物之後。這可以證明中國市場對美 國車廠的重要性。 在2018年前兩季，中國汽車生產數量增加了 3.9%，不過若中美貿易衝突持續，在中國製造商的 製造成本勢必提高。這也是越來越全球化且價值鏈 複雜產業的特性。因此，在美國的製造商同樣地也 會預期到更高的製造成本。雖然自去年以來很多加 稅措施都已經開始實施，分析師預測若這些新的 限制持續，汽車銷售將會減少將近200萬輛。 2 018 年中國自美國共進口約10 2億美元，比 2017年的汽車總進口值還要少20%以上。美國製 造商出口至中國市場的汽車總數約為19.4萬輛。另 一方面，中國出口至美國的部分增加20%以上達到 20.6億美元(2017年為17億美元)。從中國出口至美國 市場的汽車總數超過30萬輛。 中美兩國之間降溫的貿易關係對中美汽車產業 的未來生意往來和供應鏈結構產生很嚴重的影響。 上下游產業陷入高度挑戰和衝突的環境，其中包括 扣件產業。
中國因為其市場存在許多中小企業而成為該區域最大的工業扣件 製造國和出口國。大型製造商為了維持在這高度競爭和挑戰市場的相 關性持續投資研發，擴大標準扣件乃至特殊扣件的生產來支持成長的 個別應用需求。此外，中國汽車製造和保養持續增加的投資也支持該 國扣件生產的成長。 中國主導著亞太地區扣件產業，佔了該區域營收40%以上。這主要 是因為該國和該區汽車和工業用機械的大量生產。 中國扣件的主要出口目的地是美國市場。2018年中國製造商出口 超過13.6億美元扣件至美國。對中國製造商來說，這個數目遠比其出口 至其第二大市場俄羅斯的部分(約3.48億美元)還要高出很多。中國扣件 製造商的第三大出口市場是日本，日本在2018年進口3.04億美元中國扣 件。這顯示出美國市場對中國製造商的重要性，以及中美兩國之間的緊 張關係如何劇烈地影響雙方的生意往來。 2016年從美國進口至中國市場的扣件總值約為3.46億美元。2017年該 數值增加超過17%，總進口值達4.08億美元。2018年貿易統計數據並沒有出 現成長，反倒是進口值稍稍下滑至4.07億美元。下列圖表顯示過去三年中 美兩國扣件貿易統計數據。其顯示兩國之間的貿易衝突對美國扣件出口至 中國的影響比對美國從中國進口的扣件影響還多。 中美雙邊貿易統計 扣件 (海關編碼 7318) 1,600,000,000 1,400,000,000 1,200,000,000 1,000,000,000 800,000,000 600,000,000 400,000,000 200,000,000 -
2016
2017
2018
中國從美國進口
346,091,000
407,551,000
406,933,000
中國出口至美國
901,224,000
1,042,092,000
1,364,326,000
單位：美金
雖然中國不是美國製造商的主要出口對象，但中國在策略面來看， 對美國製造商來說也是很重要的。中國是美國大多數扣件出口商的重 要出口目的國，僅次於加拿大、墨西哥和巴西。不過在新的北美自由貿 易協定架構下，若中國和美國之間的爭端有所緩和，扣件出口至中國市 場在不久的將來將會提高。 參考資料: PWC US-China Trade Dispute and its Impact on the Chinese Auto Market, Aug2018 Asia Pacific Industrial Fasteners Market 2018-2025 Report by PR Newswire ITC, Trade Map, Trade statistics for international business development
產業報導
China Fastener World no.56/2019
47
中國扣件機械市場 概況分析 文 / Sharareh Shahidi Hamedani
備註: 本文著重在海關編碼8462的機械工具產品，包括透過鍛造、捶打或模具沖壓來加工金 屬，以及透過彎曲、摺疊、拉直、弄平、剪切、沖製或鑿孔來做金屬加工的機械工具產品。 2014為此次分析的基數年。
*數值單位為千美元
中國機械進口
累積成長比
中國機械市場對機械出口商來說是很重要的市場。每年平均 進口值約13.3億美元。雖然該市場成長在2014至2016年期間減少 36.3%，其在2016至2018年有稍稍回彈約9%。 中國機械進口 從全球 (單位:千美元) 年度成長比 累積成長比
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
1,701,992
1,433,406
1,218,896
1,286,676
1,334,881
-18.7% -18.7%
-17.6% -36.3%
5.3% -31.1%
3.6% -27.5%
-----------
0.0% -5.0%
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2017
2018
-10.0% -15.0% -20.0% -25.0% -30.0% -35.0% -40.0% 累積成長比
中國主要的3大進口來源國如下: • 日本有3年為中國第一大進口來源 (2015年: 3.099億美元; 2017年: 3.112億美元; 2018年: 3.037億美元)。 • 德國在2014年位居第一位，中國從其進口了3.545億美元。 • 南韓在2016年位居第一，中國從其進口了2.557億美元。 台灣和義大利在這些年分分別位居第4和第5位。 關於這些主要機械進口來源國的狀況說明如下:
日本 • 日本在2017年對中國機械出口的數據達到最高，達3.112億美元。 • 2017年日本滿足了24.2%的中國機械需求。
累積成長比
• 不過相較於2017年，日本在2018年的市佔率減少了約1.4%，但仍 是2018年出口最多的領導者。 • 日本在中國最低的市佔率發生在2014年，來到18.3%。 中國機械進口來 源國 從日本 (單位:千美元) 市佔 年度成長比 累積成長比
0%
2014
2015
2016
-5% -10%
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
311,068
309,950
245,386
311,203
303,686
18.3% -----------
21.6% -0.4% -0.4%
20.1% -26.3% -26.7%
24.2% 21.1% -5.5%
22.8% -2.5% -8.0%
-15% -20% -25% -30% 累積成長比
China Fastener World no.56/2019
48 產業報導 德國 • 以數值來看，德國在2014年對中國機械出口達到最高的3.545億美元，而這樣的數值 也是德國有史以來出口至中國最高的機械出口值。 • 在市佔率部分，德國在中國的市佔率最高發生在2018年，其在中國市佔率為20.9%。 • 相較於2017年，德國在2018年對中國的機械出口出現26.7%的大 幅成長。 • 最差的表現在2016年，相較於2015年出口值出現46.5%的下滑。 • 德國在中國的最低市佔率發生在2017年的15.9%。 中國機械進口來源國 從德國 (單位:千美元) 市佔 年度成長比 累積成長比
累積成長比 0%
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2017
2018
2017
2018
-10% -20% -30%
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
-40%
354,513
295,469
201,733
204,628
279,189
-50%
20.8% -----------
20.6% -20.0% -20.0%
16.6% -46.5% -66.4%
15.9% 1.4% -65.0%
20.9% 26.7% -38.3%
-60% -70% 累積成長比
南韓 • 從數值來看，南韓在2016年對中國的機械出口達到最高的2.557億美元。 • 從市佔率來看，南韓最高的市佔率發生在2016年，在中國達到21.0%市佔。 • 南韓在2018年出現大幅下滑，相較於2017年其出口值減少 22.5%。
10%
• 南韓在中國最低的市佔率發生在2014年的13.0%。 中國機械進口來源國 從南韓 (單位:千美元) 市佔 年度成長比 累積成長比
累積成長比 15% 5% 0%
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
221,247
204,392
255,681
223,452
182,470
-10%
13.0% -----------
14.3% -8.2% -8.2%
21.0% 20.1% 11.8%
17.4% -14.4% -2.6%
13.7% -22.5% -25.1%
-15%
-5%
2014
2015
2016
-20% -25% -30% 累積成長比
中國機械出口
累積成長比
中國同時也是全球最大機械出口國之一，且其每年出口值超過 10.6億美元。雖然其出口值在2015至2016年間出現下滑，但在2017至 2018年間又出現反彈回升。2018年中國機械出口出現19.1%成長，是 2014年以來出口值最高的一年。 中國機械出口 至全球 (單位:千美元) 年度成長比 累積成長比
15% 10% 5% 0%
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
-5%
913,910
904,444
828,322
859,716
1,062,220
-10%
-1.0% -1.0%
-9.2% -10.2%
3.7% -6.6%
19.1% 12.5%
-15%
-----------
2014
2015
中國機械三大出口目的國如下: • 印度有兩年是進口中國機械最高的國家 (2018年: 1.187億美元; 2014年: 7,370萬美元) 。 • 美國有兩年是進口中國機械最高的國家 (2017年: 8,750萬美元; 2015年: 8,150萬美元)。 • 越南在2016年是進口中國機械最高的國家，達到8,320萬美元。 俄羅斯則在上述年度名列第四位。 關於這些主要機械出口目的國的狀況說明如下:
2016
累積成長比
產業報導 印度 • 2018年中國共出口1.187億美元機械至印度。這也是2014年以來中國機械出口至印度的最高紀錄。 • 2018年中國出口11.2%的機械至印度，是2014年以來在印度創下的最高市佔。 累積成長比
• 中國在印度最差的市佔是2016年的6.5%。
40%
• 中國機械出口至印度最差的紀錄發生在2016年(約5,360萬美元)。 中國機械出口 至印度 (單位:千美元) 市佔 年度成長比 累積成長比
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
73,673
59,259
53,580
80,306
118,690
8.1% -----------
6.6% -24.3% -24.3%
6.5% -10.6% -34.9%
9.3% 33.3% -1.6%
11.2% 32.3% 30.7%
30% 20% 10% 0%
2014
-10%
2015
2016
2017
2018
2017
2018
-20% -30% -40% 累積成長比
越南 • 2018年中國出口9,560萬美元機械至越南，佔當時機械出口總值的9%。 • 2016年中國出口10.0%的機械至越南，是自2014以來中國在越 南最高的市佔率。 • 中國在越南最差的市佔是2014年的5.5%。
60%
• 中國機械出口至越南最差的出口值發生在2014年，約4,990萬 美元。 中國機械出口 至越南 (單位:千美元) 市佔 年度成長比 累積成長比
累積成長比 70%
50% 40% 30%
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
20%
49,853
68,266
83,176
80,173
95,560
10%
5.5% -----------
7.5% 27.0% 27.0%
10.0% 17.9% 44.9%
9.3% -3.7% 41.2%
9.0% 16.1% 57.3%
0%
2014
2015
2016 累積成長比
美國 • 2018年中國出口8,850萬美元機械至美國，佔其機械出口總值的8.3%。 • 2017年中國出口10.2%的機械至美國，也是自2014年以來中國出口至美國的最高市佔。 • 中國在美國最差的市佔發生在2014年的7.4%。
累積成長比
• 中國機械出口至美國最低的數值發生在2014年(超過6,740萬美元)。 中國機械出口 至美國 (單位:千美元) 市佔 年度成長比 累積成長比
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
67,433
81,466
81,665
87,503
88,521
7.4% -----------
9.0% 17.2% 17.2%
9.9% 0.2% 17.5%
10.2% 6.7% 24.1%
8.3% 1.2% 25.3%
30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0%
2014
2015
2016
2017
累積成長比
結語 在中國機械出口部分，中國專注在印度、越南和美國市場。其數據顯示自2014年以來中國在這些市場的 成長超過其在全球市場的成長。 從中國機械進口來看，相較於中國從全球的機械進口，中國增加了從日本、德國和南韓的機械進口。
2018
China Fastener World no.56/2019
49
China Fastener World no.56/2019
50 技術論壇
汽車緊固件品種優化及 材料和熱表處理
文/張先鳴
據統計，當前已發佈實施的汽車標準件產品常用的標準約240項，種類涵蓋管腔封堵元件、管線路連接固定件、墊 圈、螺釘、螺母、螺栓等，其中115項標準與金屬緊固件相關，佔比48%。隨著汽車行業的不斷發展，各汽車廠家為遏制 金屬緊固件（以下稱汽車緊固件）不斷增多所帶來生產、管理等成本的增高，從結構要素、材料和表面處理及熱處理4個 方面對緊固件優選進行探討。
1. 汽車緊固件品種優化
1.2 螺釘
1.1 螺栓
螺釘的扳擰形式為內扳擰，驅動形式來有內六角、十字槽、內六花，頭 型有圓頭、圓柱頭凸緣、平圓頭、平圓頭凸緣、盤頭、盤頭凸緣、沉頭、半沉 頭等常用的共8種。
對於六角頭螺栓+彈墊組合件，在螺栓預緊 力較低時，防松效果較好，但由於彈簧墊圈不用 於重要部位，因此對帶有彈簧墊圈的螺栓生產上 主要使用精度在±40%左右的氣動扳手擰緊，裝 配扭矩和軸向力散差大，彈簧墊圈常處於壓平狀 態，甚至有漲圈風險，螺栓+彈簧墊圈組合件實 際防松性能不可控，達不到產品設計要求。而對 於六角法蘭面螺栓，則有以下優點：
由於對裝配效率的要求也在不斷提高，優先選用內六角花形螺釘，優 化標準結構，逐漸限制內六角螺釘和十字槽螺釘的使用。
1.3 螺母 六角法蘭面螺母的使用效果與六角法蘭面 螺栓相同，若結構允許，優先使用六角法蘭面 螺母。對於有特殊防松要求的部位，考慮使用 有效力矩型鎖緊螺母，如全金屬鎖緊螺母和非 金屬嵌件鎖緊螺母。由於全金屬鎖緊螺母是通 過螺紋產生形變來鎖緊的，因此不宜用於經常 拆卸的部位；非金屬嵌件鎖緊螺母重複使用性 好，但根據緊固件的標準要求，除發動機外，其應用溫度≤120℃。特別需要 注意的是，有效力矩型鎖緊螺母由於在安裝時需要克服螺母變形或非金屬 嵌件帶來的附加力矩，因此需要對扭矩進行確認，按普通螺母的扭矩值裝 配夾緊力有可能不夠，存在使用風險。
①在螺紋規格相同的條件下，六角法蘭面螺 栓支撐面積大於六角頭螺栓，能更好地 分散支撐面壓力，避免被連接件變形； ②在摩擦係數相同的條件下，法蘭面螺栓的 防松效果明顯優於六角頭螺栓； ③為避免套筒端部與被連接件發生摩擦破 壞被連接件表面，相比于使用帶平墊圈的 六角頭螺栓組合件，法蘭面螺栓的經濟 性更好。
1.4 螺紋 因為細牙螺紋的承載能力和防松能力要比粗牙螺紋高，所以在選用較 大規格螺紋緊固件的時候，應儘量選擇細牙螺紋，同時也可以減少螺紋緊 固件的品種。從表1可以看出，通常M12以下時只有粗牙產品，M12以上只有 細牙產品，商用車的螺紋緊固件中M12以上是粗細牙共存的，還存在優化 空間，見表1。
優先推薦六角法蘭面螺栓，對六角頭螺栓、 六角頭螺栓+彈簧墊圈、六角頭螺栓+彈簧墊圈+ 平墊圈、六角頭螺栓+平墊圈限制使用。
表1 粗牙與細牙螺紋螺距對比 粗牙
M5X0.8
M6X1
細牙
/
/
M8X1.25 M10X1.5 M12X1.75 /
/
M12X1.25
（mm）
M14X2
M16X2
M18X2.5
M20X2.5
M24X3
M14X1.5
M16X1.5
M18X1.5
M20X1.5
M24X1.5
1.5 墊圈 為提升裝配效率，降低漏裝、錯裝風險，原則上不允許墊圈類產品單獨存在。各類墊 圈的使用建議如下。 ①平墊圈主要用於改善接觸狀態，增大承載面積並維持支撐面的摩擦係數穩定； ②彈簧墊圈利用彈性產生軸向預緊力，可緩解軸力衰減，但由於防松性能難以有效控 制，螺栓易承受偏載，有損壞風險； ③齒形彈性墊圈具有扭曲的齒，經熱處理後硬度較高，裝配時齒產生彈性變形，同時 局部嵌入支撐面，形成防松作用，齒形墊圈在連接部位應當慎用。
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2. 表面處理 汽車緊固件包括螺栓、螺母、墊圈，大部分必須經過表面處理，保護免於腐蝕，改善外觀或達到一定特殊功能，如控制鎖緊 力矩的螺蚊緊固件等。如國產某汽車緊固件的使用環境及耐腐蝕要求，見表2。 表2 汽車緊固件的使用環境及耐腐蝕要求 使用環境
使用環境示例
高腐蝕環境，直接受 泥水、砂石衝擊區域
底盤、發動機底部、裙 邊等
中等腐蝕要求環境， 發動機艙，車門鎖、 不直接受泥水、砂石衝擊的 氣彈簧螺栓、雨刮電機 車身外部區域 及連幹總成安裝螺栓
低腐蝕要求環境， 駕駛艙內部螺栓
座椅安裝螺栓
耐油腐蝕
發動機、變速箱內
防護裝飾性
外飾、內飾零件連接用 螺栓
連接異金屬，容易產生 接觸腐蝕環境
接觸腐蝕條件、如連接 鋁合金螺栓
鍍層種類
防腐要求
應用示例
鋅鎳合金
720h無紅鏽
鋅鋁塗層
720h無紅鏽
車架與車身連接螺栓，轉向節與控制臂， 制動鉗與轉向節連接螺栓。 發動機固定螺栓、油箱連接螺栓
鍍鋅塗層
96h無白鏽 240h無紅鏽
鋅鋁塗層
480h無紅鏽
電鍍鋅
72h無白鏽 168h無紅鏽
鋅鋁塗層
240h無紅鏽
氧化
8h無紅鏽
防蝕磷化
6/48/72h無紅鏽
裝飾鍍鉻
48hCASS試驗無變化
鋅鎳合金
720h無紅鏽
鋅鋁合金
720h無紅鏽
車門餃鏈及鎖環處連接螺栓，發動機罩、 散熱器、冷凝器、中冷器的懸掛連接螺栓
儀錶、座椅及導軌、安裝帶，包裹架 連接螺栓
發動機、變速箱與油品接觸密閉空間內 螺栓等
高端車車輪螺母等
連接鋁合金零件的鋼制緊固件等
還有高濕腐蝕環境、火花塞處連接螺栓（鍍銅），總成件塗裝（塗防銹油）等
2.1 電鍍鋅 防腐性能最好的是鍍鋅黃色鈍化，其次為鍍鋅綠色鈍化，鍍鋅 黑色鈍化和鍍鋅藍白色鈍化耐腐蝕能力一般鍍層為8μm，黃色鈍化 白鏽時間72h，紅鏽時間144h；黑色和白色鈍化白鏽時間6h，紅鏽時 間72h。 實際應用中需要關注以下三方面。隨著環保逐漸加嚴，汽車緊 固件使用三價鉻鈍化、鋅鋁塗層等更環保的方式是今後趨勢；最大 抗拉強度大於1000MPa(相當於硬度值33.5HRC、332HV)的汽車緊 固件電鍍後在鈍化前需做驅氫處理，以降低延遲斷裂風險；鉻酸鹽 鈍化膜長時間暴露在70℃以上的環境中，防腐性能會受到破壞，因 此對於環境溫度較高的區域，鍍鋅鈍化慎用。
2.2 鋅鋁塗層 鋅鋁塗層無氫脆現象，且滿足環保要求，中性鹽霧試驗紅鏽時 間可以達到720h。鍍層顏色有黑色及灰色，在塗覆液中加入潤滑劑 可改變摩擦係數，10.9級及以上的螺栓優先推薦使用。此外，使用時 還應考慮以下方面。鋅鋁塗層與基體附著強度不如鍍鋅，使用中有 掉粉現象，因此不能用於傳動部件的內部，對於需要反復拆卸的螺 栓也不建議使用。此外，對於大規格螺栓及螺母，滾鍍易產生劃痕 和磕碰傷，降低耐腐蝕性能，選用時應考慮；對於有導電性能要求的 緊固件、外螺紋公稱直徑小於M6和內螺紋小於M10的緊固件，為保 證旋合性和正常裝配不宜採用鋅鋁塗層。
2.3鋅鎳合金 鋅鎳合金與鍍鋅相比防腐能力有大幅提升， 同等鍍層8μm條件下，經過鈍化和封閉處理後，可 達到240h表面無白鏽，1,000h無紅鏽；除此之外， 還滿足耐高溫的使用要求。由於鋅鎳合金尚存在 微量的氫脆傾向，對於抗拉強度大於1,000MPa的 汽車緊固件為降低品質風險，使用前須進行必要 的驗證。
2.4鍍銅 銅的熔點在1,083 ℃左右，在高溫環境下，為 避免螺紋件燒結，表面處理選擇鍍銅，特別是發 動機排氣歧管周邊的汽車緊固件。
China Fastener World no.56/2019
技術論壇
China Fastener World no.56/2019
52 技術論壇 為了汽車高強度螺栓熱處理品質，鋼材從以下三方面進 行控制：
3.材料與熱處理 汽車高強度螺栓一般指8.8級或以上級產品，不僅要求 具有很高的抗拉強度和屈服比，而且還要具有很高的低溫 衝擊性能，製造的難點之一也在於高強螺栓調質處理，而 在其材料選用的是SWRCH35K、10B21、10B33、35CrMo、 42CrMo或20MnTiB鋼等，具體見表3。眾所周知，高強度緊 固件的機械性能試驗結果是重點考核的產品品質指標，也 是涉及安全的重要指標。SWRCH35K、10B21鋼的主要問題 是淬透性差，對高強度螺栓調質處理的工藝及過程的有效 控制，對於機械性能起到至關重要的作用。 表3 汽車緊固件用材料與熱處理 汽車緊固件 名稱
螺栓、螺釘 、螺柱
螺母
規格與 直徑
材料牌號
使用等級
≤M12
SWRCH38K、10B21
8.8級
≤M20
10B33、40Cr
8.8級
≤M24
SCM435、35CrMo、 20MnTiB
8.8～10.9級
≤M36
ML40CrMo、 40CrNiMo、ML45CrMo
10.9級
≤M36
35CrMoV、30Cr2Ni2Mo
12.9級
≤M16
SWRCH35K、45、
8級
≤M36
10B33、40Cr、35CrMo
8-10級
≤M36
42CrMo
10～12級
① 碳含量控制在中上限，即可提高鋼材的強韌 性，又可減少偏析傾向。 ②合金元素控制在上限，可增加鋼材的淬透性 和提高強韌性。 ③儘量減少有害殘留元素P、S的含量，保證鋼材 的純淨度。 調質處理過程中螺栓內部組織和性能的變化無法即時 監測，這是品質控制難點之一。裝爐前應認真核對螺栓頭部 標記，保證被處理螺栓的資訊準確無誤和熱處理後不丟失以 及可辯認。淬火加熱過程嚴格控制，碳勢要準確無誤，記錄每 一批螺栓淬火出爐的時間，在出淬火介質後應檢測工件表面 硬度，10B21、20MnTiB鋼應大於43HRC；SWRCH35K、45、 10B33鋼應大於48HRC。淬火後的顯微組織為細針狀馬氏體， 按JB/T9211-2008《中碳鋼與中碳合金結構鋼馬氏體等級》標 準評定，淬火馬氏體為3～5級符合技術要求；表面與芯部淬火 硬度均勻度不大於3HRC。
4. 結論 本文結合了汽車緊固件實際生產中的一些經驗，並對汽 車的實際應用情況和部分標準要求進行了簡介，為企業汽車 緊固件的品種優化提供參考。汽車緊固件的優化是一個系統 化的工程，涉及到標準結構優化、P功能優化、設計選用和生 產管理體現等具體工作，需要綜合考慮設計、逐步完善。
展前 報導 惠達編輯部 整理
墨西哥墨西哥市螺絲展 06/19-20 墨西哥市世貿中心
中國上海緊固件 國際工業博覽會
06/11-13
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延續2018年首次舉辦所累積出的業界好評，2019年的中國 上海緊固件國際工業博覽會將迎來更大的展出面積(42,000平方 米)、更多參展商(超過800家)、更多攤位(超過2,000個)、更多國家 (60個)以及預計更多來訪買家(30,000名以上)。
今年將同步使用1號和2號展館，前者為設備模具專區，展出 緊固件製造設備、檢測設備、裝配測量和維修、模具耗品、技術 台灣代理: 聯德國際有限公司 服務。後者為產品專區，展出緊固件、汽車緊固件、航天/軍用緊固 承辦人:黃瑜欣小姐 件、建築緊固件/連接件和其他行業用緊固件。 sales@united-expos.com 做為在亞洲和全球都頗具影響力的產業盛會，此展將有助
上海世博展覽館
China Fastener World no.56/2019
展前報導
於全球緊固界產業的交流和發展。中國機械通用零部件工業協會緊固件分會會長薛康生表示: 「我們致力將中國上海國際緊固件工業博覽會打造成全球緊固件行業不可或缺的年度盛會。每 年一屆的中國上海國際緊固件工業博覽會將為中國緊固件行業與全球螺絲人搭建溝通合作的橋 樑，增進交流理解，提高擴展整個緊固件行業的美譽度。同時為企業創造商機。」 根據上一屆的調查，有超過80%的來訪買家都是高階管理人員和具影響力的採購、研發部 門。買家有超過70%是緊固件行業製造商和貿易商。
台灣代理: 滙達展覽有限公司 承辦人: 陳怡婷小姐 foreign@fastener-world.com.tw
韓國工業大展 (韓國首爾金屬週) 06/19-21 KINTEX 展出面積21,546平方公尺，2019 年韓國首爾金屬週將於6月19至21日 在KINTE X二館和三館舉辦。今年的 展品將更豐富並匯集更多買家賣家。 展品包括各式扣件和線材: 螺栓 /螺 帽產品和設備、汽車部件/緊固產品 和各類原料、線材生產和製造。 此展還包括其他子展區: 壓鑄鍛 造、工具、汽車及車修件、大小管件、 3D技術、模具射出、基礎製造產業、
墨西哥墨西哥市螺絲展專為各類扣件和緊固 元件產業所規劃，並提供即時產業趨勢和產業最 新資訊。此展是讓扣件和緊固技術製造商、經銷 商和供應商交流的國際性平台。上一屆2018年的 展會也吸引來自比利時、中國、德國、墨西哥、台 灣、土耳其和美國等國超過150家展商共同參加。 鋁、金屬表面處理和烤漆、雷射和焊接、幫浦技術、複合件、管控、量測和自動化。 今年的展會也將展出豐富的產品項目如下: 展會也將邀請全球汽車企業的專家蒞臨演講。另外透過採購部門的集團 參訪，也能為展商提供商業媒合服務。 •工業扣件和緊固元件 雖然韓國在亞洲來說不算大市場，金屬週展會仍是觀摩相關產業最新技 •建築緊固元件 術的最佳行銷地點之一。 •組裝和安裝系統 •扣件製造技術 •倉儲配銷及工廠設備
上海緊固件專業展暨 第十屆上海汽車緊固件展 06/26-28 國家會展中心(上海) 台灣代理: 滙達展覽有限公司 承辦人: 陳怡婷小姐 foreign@fastener-world.com.tw
2019上海緊固件專業展暨第十屆上海 汽車緊固件展（FES2019）將於2019年6月 26-28日在國家會展中心盛大舉行！FES深 耕行業近十載，始終秉著專業、高效、開放、 創新的宗旨不斷發展壯大，堪稱全球緊固 件行業的標杆盛會。展會匯聚國內外知名 緊固件生產商，同時展出緊固件配套設備、 模具、線材等產品，為緊固件行業人士提供 一站式採購平臺。2019年正值FES展會的十 週年，主辦方將繼續以“匠心＂精神打造一 個升級版的緊固件專業展，開闢“建築緊固 件＂品牌，並進一步擴大“汽車及高強度緊 固件展區＂ ，是“工業＂和“建築＂兩大緊固 件領域的不二之選，引領未來發展趨勢。展 會同期還將舉辦一系列精彩紛呈的會議活 動，是一個集商貿、交流和學習為一體的年 度行業高端盛會！
China Fastener World no.56/2019
54 展前報導 NEPCON ASIA 亞洲電子生產設備 暨微電子工業展 08/28-30 深圳會展中心
NEPCON ASIA亞洲電子生產設備暨微 電子工業展將於8月28-30日在深圳會展中 心盛大展出，展示面積預計為 60,000平方 米，為歷屆規模最大的NEPCON展會。六展 合一，著力打造電子製造產業連通平臺。作 為電子製造業國際級品質強展，預計將有 來自38個國家和地區的800個參展企業及 品牌、60,000名電子製造行業專業觀眾參與 NEPCON ASIA展會。 展會將以5G為主題，全面展示從印製
電路板，電路板組裝，自動化組裝、到測試的電子製 造環節新技術、新產品。2019年，展會將重點圍繞電 子製造行業的核心需求，重點呈現數位化製造、精益 生產、產品可靠性等主題，及通信通訊、汽車、新能 源、智慧城市的行業應用方案。 展會將為您進行個性化推薦，您可以通過參與 三天的展會，與電子行業供應商面對面交談、洽談訂 單業務、參加現場活動、出席會議論壇、學習行業知 識、實現自我提升，助力企業達成採購及業務合作目 的。
英國伯明罕螺絲展預計於今年9月11~12日在 伯明罕NEC展覽館舉辦。該展預計吸引3,000名扣 英國伯明罕螺絲展 件產業相關買家、決策者和製造商、國際經銷商、 代工商和當地物流廠到場。此展也是英國產品設 09/11-12 NEC 計工程師、製造專業人士、經銷商、資深製造產業 台灣代理: 主管和扣件買家引頸期盼的盛會。訪客主要是與 聯德國際有限公司 設計工程、航太/汽車/海事產業相關的資深決策 承辦人:黃瑜欣小姐 者、執行長、股東、經銷經理、組裝服務/家具製 sales@united-expos.com 造和通信技術領域的組裝、經銷和後勤主管。 此
美國拉斯維加斯螺絲 暨機械設備展 09/18-19 曼德拉灣會議中心
展提供展商專業平台展出其創新產品、交流 專業技術和發展業務夥伴關係。也提供貿 易研討和交流的渠道，提供未來技術和市 場趨勢的觀點。此展主要專注在扣件產業 趨勢、製造業的創新如何直接影響扣件產 業以及那些有能力快速回應需求的廠商如 何快速拓展業務。展覽期間也會邀請許多 英國當地扣件相關知名人士和廠商到場發 表演講。
北美最大歷史最悠久的B2B扣件、機械、治具和相關產業貿易展會2019美國拉斯 維加斯螺絲暨機械設備展已經開放線上登記。此展將於拉斯維加斯曼德拉灣會議中心 D/E兩館舉辦。 每年此展皆吸引來自整個供應鏈(包括製造商、大盤商、經銷商和代工廠)約5,000 名參與者和約850家展商齊聚一堂。展商主要是頂尖國內外製造商、原料供應商、治 具、機械供應商和周邊服務。 今年印度為該展的重點宣傳國家。從2018起，每屆被選為重點宣傳國家 的展商都有機會可以在展場的全球聚焦主題展區展出自家產品。 今年的展會也規劃一系列關於技術、領導、商管和稅則的研習會。 展覽前一天09/17日(三)上午8時至10時更安排全新的「主題預覽區」，參 與者和美國供應商有機會可以在E館與機械和治具製造商及國際展商進行會 面。D館會於上午10時至下午4時開展，週四則是在上午9時至下午4時開展。
印度孟買國際工具 五金暨螺絲螺帽展 09/20-22 孟買展覽中心
第18屆印度孟買國際工具五金暨螺絲螺帽展預計在 2019年9月20-22日在孟買展覽中心舉辦。此展將展出常用 於汽車 /車 輛保養修護、重工、建築和基礎建設、木工家 具、園藝、航太產業的高品質、特殊和高端手工具、電動工 具、扣件和特殊工具等。該展將匯聚海內外手工具、電動 工具和扣件製造商以及來自經銷、出口和產業供應等領域 的專業人士到場進行資訊交流、討論、買賣和討論未來投 資的可能性。2019的展會也會特別規劃中國和台灣製造商 專區。
日本大阪機械 要素及技術展 10/02-04 INTEX國際展覽中心
預計將有1,350家參展商,42,000 名專業觀與會。誠邀蒞臨展會，近距 離接觸日本尖端產品技術！ 展會特點
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除了眾多日本企業，展會還雲集了來自世 界各地的製造業企業。2018年參展商達1233 家，其中國際參展商有230家，地區展團包括中 國、臺灣、韓國、泰國和越南。今年預計將迎來 1,350家來自全球的參展商，再創新高！
1．覆蓋幾乎整個製造業界，在這裡 能了解製造業最新發展趨勢，收 集最前沿工業信息 2．來自世界各地的1,350家參展商 將匯聚一堂 3．舉辦與擁有豐富旅遊資源的國際 化城市-大阪
第三屆波蘭螺絲展讓展商和訪客可以 波蘭克拉科夫螺絲展 再次展出或觀摩最新產品、尋找潛在業務 夥伴、建立新聯繫管道和長期合作以及交 10/08-09 流經驗。上一屆有190家展商參展，高達64% 克拉科夫國際展覽會議中心 來自中國、捷 克、丹 麥、法國、西 班 牙、韓 國、印度、德國、台灣、土耳其、英國、美國 台灣代理: 滙達展覽有限公司 和義大利等國企業。訪客數達4,000名，其 承辦人: 陳怡婷小姐 中有26%來自捷克、斯洛伐克、德國、法國、 foreign@fastener-world.com.tw 以色列、俄羅斯、烏克蘭等國金屬加工、汽 車、接合、建築、家具等產業人士。 很多展商也非常肯定大會的展出成效。某家企業執行長就表示: 「第2屆展會顯示扣件產業將持續成長。對我司來說，這 是在波蘭建構新聯繫管道和與現有合作夥伴會見的機會。我們很肯定主辦單位在提供訪客舒適展覽環境的努力。也希望今 年的展會可以更加成長。」現在立刻報名參加2019波蘭克拉科夫螺絲展。更多資訊請上www.fastenerpoland.pl查詢。
NEPCON中國西部電子設計製造周 10/15-17 眉山會展中心 2018年，四川省政府明確規劃21個市州重點佈局產業及重點發展領域，重點支撐“5+1＂產業發展，發展壯大電子資 訊、裝備製造、食品飲料、先進材料、能源化工等5個萬億級支柱產業。眉山市首當其衝，依託“一核一帶兩走廊＂的電子 資訊空間發展格局，開拓了新型顯示、光通信設備、高端電路板等傳統製造領域，助力人工智慧、資訊安全、物聯網、大 資料、雲計算、移動互聯、數位娛樂、智慧工控設備等新興產業，千億電子資訊藍海亟待挖掘。 “NEPCON中國西部電子設計製造周＂作為NEPCON中國系列展會中專注中國西部地區電子製造行業的展覽會。 自2010年開始展會已在成都成功舉辦五屆。本屆展會將於10月15日至17日在眉山會展中心舉辦，較前五屆將再次進行升 級，預計有200多個國內外知名品牌參展，吸引超過6,000名專業觀眾參與。企業將通過展會深度開發眉山當地電子新興 市場的商貿機會，同時拓展雅安、樂山、宜賓、自貢、瀘州、內江、資陽、遂甯、成都、重慶等市場行銷新機遇。
台灣五金展 10/17-19 台中國際 會展中心
台灣五金展 提 供 外國廠 商絕佳 機會與台灣 擁有 特殊精密五金生產能力的製造商面對面進行洽談。國 際買家將可以在此展實際體驗到多元的採購來源，並 能在展後就近參觀潛在合作夥伴的工廠。台灣頂尖五 金、代工製造 /代工設計/自有品牌以及國際品牌和供 應商持續向來此展的全球買家展現全新具高競爭力的 產品。該展徹底展現台灣在高等級、高價值、競爭力價 格、客製化和符合全世界買家需求的能力。在具備許 多品質優異保證的紀錄下，國際買家可以與在地廠商 建立互利互惠商業關係，在台灣生產自家五金產品。
China Fastener World no.56/2019
展前報導
China Fastener World no.56/2019
56 展前報導 作為全球專業扣件展會之一，第19屆蘇州緊固件展致力於把扣件產業上下游串連 起來。專注在服務末端用戶和打造全球扣件貿易平台是 此展的重點。
中國蘇州緊固件展 10/23-25 蘇州國際展覽中心
蘇州是長江三角洲中心城市之一，也是江蘇最發達 現代化的城市。此外，蘇州也有便利的交通，距離上海80 公里，200公里內可到嘉興、無錫、寧波、杭州等扣件製造 重鎮。因此，蘇州展不只可以幫助訪客與中國多數扣件製 造商搭上線，也是就近參訪扣件廠的好機會。 近幾年蘇州展已經拓展成2個展館，分別是扣件館和 設備館，總展覽面積為12,000平方公尺。此展將吸引全球超過400家扣件和協力製造廠 前來。該展也提供專業買家絕佳的一站式扣件、生產設備、配套產品和原料採購機會。 根據上屆統計，共有來自40個國家區域的買家前來。預計今年會超過12,000家海內外 買家前來。更多展會資訊請上 www.fastenertradeshow.net 查詢。
莫斯科國際五金工具展 11/05-08 Expocentre Fairgrounds
莫斯科國際五金工具展提供全球領導五金和工具產業廠 商絕佳的平台來向全俄羅斯和前蘇聯國協國家展示自家的創 新產品。 多年來莫斯科國際五金工具展有許多不同子展區，包括3D 智能展、清潔展、扣件展、園藝展、量測展、烤漆展、倉儲服務 展和焊接展。 在展會中，您可以進一步了解國內外製造商的全新專業工 具和設備，並相互比較。 您也可以這麼說，MITEX助您在新市場中繼續成長。
埃及開羅國際工具 機械設備暨手工具展 11/14-17 埃及國際展覽中心
埃及無庸置疑是中東北非地區最重要 的金屬加工機械和工業用工具產業發展重 心之一，市場規模約20億美元。由於相關產 業發展日益茁壯，埃及的金屬加工和工業 用工具進口預計會大幅提升，年複合成長 率接近15%。此展將於2019年11月14-17日在 埃及國際展覽中心舉辦，展出各式金屬加 工、CNC機械工業工具和焊接切削設備等， 並可提高產業對目前埃及市場產業趨勢的 關注。同時匯聚許多在金屬加工、CNC機械 工業工具、焊接切割設備有專攻的專業人 士到場，為市場注入更新更具影響力的觀 點。此展是目前埃及最專業的貿易展會，服
務數千位活躍積極想要採購最先進機械設 備的業界人士。舉辦18屆以來，此展展現吸 引數千名專業買家的實力，2019年預計將吸 引18,000名訪客前來。
印度國際機械工程技術及機床展覽會(扣件專區) 12/04-08 古吉拉特邦Gandhinagar 展覽中心 印度工業扣件市場可以分為高強度扣件和軟鋼扣件。成長中的汽車和汽車配 件產業、基礎建設和建築活動和發展中重型精密產業是促進印度工業扣件市場的 關鍵要素。隨著國防和汽車領域製造活動的增長市場充滿龐大商機。伴隨印度穩 定的經濟成長，印度工業扣件市場在接下來幾年將會持續成長。 過去幾年，此展一直是機工具產業發展的主要貢獻者之一，讓參與者和訪客 獲取最新的先進技術知識。此展不只是貿易展會，更是看見、了解和知悉產業未來 走向的平台。同時也是激發新想法/產品/服務的媒介，促進合資機會、合作並提供 理想產品解決方案的開放市場。
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展後報導
土耳其伊斯坦堡國際五金暨手工具展 文／惠達 張乃文
土耳其伊斯坦堡國際五金暨手工具展於2019 年3月14 ～ 17日在伊斯坦堡舉辦，該展也是土耳其和周邊歐洲國家買家 視為年度必訪的產業盛會之一。伊斯坦堡位於中東、歐洲、非 洲交界帶來龐大的商機，許多製造商及買主都會因為伊斯坦堡 的所在位置相當便利而到本展尋覓機會。土耳其本土人口超過 8,000萬人，其內需市場相當可觀，且汽車零配件、建築業等需 求旺盛，可望能夠帶來相當可觀的商機。 本次展覽在伊斯坦堡展覽中心開設9 館10 館。共153家展 商共襄盛舉，以土耳其本地展商142家為最大宗。國際展商有 德國、印度、義大利、荷蘭、台灣、中國共同參與，其中國際展商 以中國比例較高，德國廠商wiha也有參加本次展會。主要展出 以手工電動工具、園藝工具、DIY工具和工具週邊配備項目。螺 絲類展商雖然不是最大宗，但土耳其螺絲大廠sormat也有參加 本次展會。 據匯達參展人員表示，會展中許多中小型貿易商，進出口 各式五金產品手工具。有受訪者表示，之前曾經去過台中五金 展參觀，對台灣的品質和CP值印象非常深刻。本次參訪者多為 土耳其在地廠商、買主。許多土耳其當地廠商皆在本次展會交 流專業技術及最新產品。此展交通非常方便，旁邊緊鄰主要交 通幹道，從機場搭捷運一站就能抵達。
展後報導
China Fastener World no.56/2019
58 展後報導
德國司徒加特螺絲展 文/惠達 張乃文
兩年一度的司徒加特螺絲展今年已經是第八 屆，是世界規模最大螺絲展，不只歐洲展商參加，許 多亞洲、東南亞、印度、美洲廠商幾乎都年年參加。 由匯達展覽所率領的台灣廠商約有170家報名參與， 是本屆第三大展出國。主辦單位數據顯示，今年共有 來自45國987家廠商報名參展，使用了22,200平方公 尺展出面積。整體展商數目較上一屆成長10%，展場 使用面積也成長了5%。 為期三天的展會，買家來自世界各地，不僅來自 歐洲當地，更有遠從南非、阿根廷、俄羅斯、美國等 其他國家買家遠道而來，都渴望能在這個盛大的展 會找到更多螺絲採購平台。根據主辦單位展後公布 數據，三天的展期共吸引90國12,070名訪客，與上屆 相比成長3%，到場蒐集最新扣件和緊固元件趨勢和 產品，並且與產業專家進行意見交換與交流。 本次會展規模相當大，為了能服務到所有在展會 中的買主以及台灣廠商，匯達公司也分別在一、五館 設置攤位，讓無論是在哪個展區的買家都可以快速 地找到匯達的蹤跡，也替來自世界各地的買家提供 完整的扣件供應鏈訊息。 台灣廠商參展反應熱烈，不少參展商都表示相 當期待2021年的司徒加特展，續展意願相當踴躍。 台灣總代理匯達公司利用開展前便開始協助台灣的 螺絲扣件業者宣傳，針對以歐盟為主的全球採購買 主發送5萬本多期雜誌，利用電子報強力對全球潛力 買主宣傳放送，許多會場參觀買主表示，匯達旗下多 款刊物和網站b2b 搜尋平台對他們搜尋全球供應商 來說不僅完整，更重要的是也非常快速。 展期中特拜訪Bulte、Ambrovit、Saima等年年 參與司徒加特的知名廠商表示，此行最大目標著重 在新品發表及與新、舊客戶會面。本次會展展商產業 多元豐富，其中不乏原料、成品、機械和週邊相關廠 商，大家都希望藉由兩年一次的產業盛會讓今年業 績和發展更上層樓。 匯達公司在台灣團區展覽期間安排參觀賓士汽 車組裝廠和Bosch工廠，位於司徒加特的賓士汽車組 裝廠年產汽車60萬輛，Bosch工廠則是能夠親身體 驗工業4.0，展示如何利用AI技術對供應鏈中的流程 進行數位化分析及優化。對德國精緻工藝表現又有進 一步認識。另外還安排參觀賓士博物館，館內展出超 過160 輛名車。許多台灣扣件業者參觀完後，對於如 何將大數據應用在扣件製程中有更大的反思，期盼 能夠透過這次的行程開啟台灣扣件業者對於工業轉 型實踐有更多幫助。 下一屆2021年將在5月18-20日在德國司徒加特 舉辦。
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中國國際電子生產設備暨微電子工業展（NEPCON China 2019） 4月26日，備受行業矚目的第二十九屆中國國際電子生產 設備暨微電子工業展（NEPCON China 2019）在上海世博 展覽館圓滿謝幕。作為電子製造展會巨擘，NEPCON China 2019全面升級辦展理念，積極拓展展會板塊，覆蓋表面貼裝、 測試測量、焊接與點膠噴塗、智慧工廠及自動化技術、電子微 組裝及SiP工藝等內容。 除此以外，NEPCON China 2019還精心構築了智慧製造 夢工廠生產線、中國智造SMT生產線展示區，並舉辦了多場行 業高端峰會，緊密貼合處於變革時代的智造行業，在業內獲得 廣泛好評。 三天展期內，共有國內外逾 500 家參展企業及品牌驚豔 亮相。基於在電子製造領域廣泛的影響力，NEPCON China 2019的舉辦得到了合作方、協會以及眾多媒體的鼎力支援，組 團參觀規模更是蔚為壯觀。
作 為 引 領 行 業 研 發 創 新 和 更 新 換 代 的 品 質 強 展， NEPCON China緊扣電子製造產業鏈，致力為展商樹立品牌 形象、推廣產品、獲取前沿資訊提供有效說明，同時為觀眾提 供客制化產品以及無微不至的服務。 今年的NEPCON 已然受到了來自國內外相關人士的青 睞，伴隨著電子製造的腳步，他們無比期望明年NEPCON的 新景象。 儘管NEPCON China 2019已正式閉幕，但電子製造產業 的腳步卻從未停止，另一場更大規模的NEPCON ASIA亞洲 電子生產設備暨微電子工業展正在靜候“電子人”現場開啟， 讓我們8月28-30日深圳不見不散。
China Fastener World no.56/2019
60 展後報導
印度孟買螺絲展 文／惠達 張乃文
2019印度孟買螺絲展4月25、26日於孟買展覽中心舉辦。匯達深入展會調查，主要參觀買主以印度當地製造商及經銷商，因 同時期其他展館也有舉辦建材、金屬板材等相關展會，人潮明顯比去年多。開展第一天蒞臨匯達攤位索取雜誌及目錄的廠商相當 踴躍，能夠明顯感受到當地廠商找尋合作機會的需求。 匯達今年帶領安拓、尚余、長鴻、浚展、錡瑞、鍵財、宏舜、宏穎、鴻毅、金元達、勝鎧、友信等台灣優質廠商前去參展，並配 合螺絲世界旗下雜誌、目錄等現場發送，讓參觀買家能夠對各家廠商的產品細節更加了解，加強專業印象。 印度孟買螺絲展每年在孟買及新德里輪流舉辦，此展為許多對印度市場有興趣的廠商帶來商機，此展參觀者行業相當多元， 包含電子產品、能源發電、航太、汽車、電信及家具製造…等，帶來豐富且多面向的商機。印度是全球成長最快速的經濟體之一，更 是世界第六大經濟體。 今年展會所在地－孟買，是印度的金融之都，其位在馬哈拉施特拉邦是印度工業化程度最高的州，佔印度工業產值的13%。 且許多國際車廠像是Piaggio、通用汽車、Fiat India、賓士、奔馳、捷豹、大眾汽車、Bajaj Auto、Force Motors、Mahindra Navistar所投資的工廠都離本次展會相當近，有助於相關產業的扣件商把握機會。 明年的印度扣件展將會在新德里舉辦，官方尚未公布明年期程，匯達展覽將會為您持續關注。
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ANCHOR 安拓
CHITE 尚余
CHIREK 錡瑞
HUNG LI (HURMG YIEH) 鴻毅
CHIEN TSAI鍵財
KING YUAN DAR 金元達
CHANG HORNG 長鴻
HOME SOON 宏舜
SHENG KAI 勝鎧
CHUN CHAN 浚展
HOMN REEN 宏穎
YESWIN 友信
China Fastener World no.56/2019
62 展後報導
台北國際汽配展 文／惠達 張乃文
台北國際汽配六合一展 4月24~27日在南港展覽館1館及2 館盛大展開，本屆規模超越上一屆合計有1,340家廠商參展， 官方預估有超過7,000名國外買主參觀。作為扣件採購聖經－ 「螺絲世界雜誌」發行商的匯達公司也同步在會展中向對台灣 製造扣件有興趣的外國買主發送當期世界最權威的扣件和汽 車零組件雜誌。 開展首日，匯達團隊接觸了不少對台灣汽車扣件有興趣的 買家，以日本、東南亞居多，其中拉帽、鈦螺絲等詢問度最高。 許多買家都對明年2020高雄扣件展相當有興趣，不排除明年 還會再來造訪。 台灣多家扣件五金業者，宗基、寶資、朝友、螺峯、永德 興、凱士士、車王電子、久邑、尚福、慶益、大壯、擇興源、建 龍…等，也都參加這次的會展。依據大會統計，國外參展商方 面共有來自14個國家或地區171家展商，包括美國、日本、英 國、德國、法國、印度、中國大陸、香港、南韓、泰國、馬來西 亞、印尼、菲律賓與斯洛維尼亞，不過汽車扣件相關廠商則是 只有一家南韓廠商。 台灣外貿協會表示，2018 年台灣汽車配件出口金額創下 70億美元，本次的展會主軸著重於物聯網、人工智慧、5G網技 術發展等與台灣汽車扣件製造未來息息相關的議題。經濟部 也表示，台灣製造形成的強大產業鏈是汽配產業最大的特色， 經濟部的科專計畫也將協助業界技術提升，幫助台灣汽配業者 在國際市場的競爭力。
JAU YEOU 朝友
KARAT 寶資
TOP SCREW 螺峯
TZONG JI 宗基
63 China Fastener World no.56/2019
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寧波緊固件、彈簧及製造裝備展覽會 文/ 曾柏勳 惠達
寧波做為文化古城，發展成中國一大工業基地，成為汽車零部件、模具、電動工具、五金製品、不鏽鋼產品、軌道交通設備、緊 固件的重要生產地區，市場潛藏大量的緊固件與零配件需求。 舉辦了15次的寧波展在2019年4月25至27日，於寧波國際貿易展覽中心舉辦了第16屆。期間展出了標準緊固件、汽車緊固件、 沖壓件、鋼材與線材、緊固件設備、檢測技術。匯達參展人員表示，這次會場設有三個場館，現場有浙江友信(Zhejiang Yeswin Machinery)、浙江鍵財、昆山全盈等等知名廠商參展，總參展商有達到數百家，其中有40家是緊固件相關企業，包括了10家篩選 機展商。展商與參觀者幾乎百分之百都是中國當地人士。 這次匯達在現場強力發送螺絲世界雜誌中國國際版以及旗下多系列的重點刊物，在攤位上獲得許多中國參觀者的熱烈索取。 對於想尋求合作商機的參觀主，匯達參展人員透過自家開發的B2B平台為他們牽線，建立起緊固件貿易的橋樑。 繼中國推出中國製造2025計畫之後，寧波已在兩年前，達成營業額2千萬人民幣以上之工業企業增速7.5%以上，並訂立目標 在2019年使全市關鍵基礎件行業達到1300億人民幣的產值規模，力圖打造成為世界級關鍵基礎件的製造基地。 CHING CHAN 精湛
CHIEN TSAI 鍵財
YESWIN 友信
China Fastener World no.56/2019
64 展後報導
名古屋機械要素展 文/惠達 張乃文
主辦單位統計這次名古屋製造展集結1,150間展商，超過40,000人 參觀，是日本中部最大的機械相關展會，參觀訪客中九成是來自日本的 專業採購者，參展商多以高效率的新產品及技術、設計圖及製造技術的 資訊等服務與採購者討論最佳解決方案，惠達雜誌的專業採購聖經在 展會中也受到大家熱烈的詢問。 本次展會相當具有規模。今年也設有台灣、泰國、越南和中國等國 際展區。宸欣、大楊和上海銳拓等知名扣件廠商也都到場參與。其中機 械要素展扣件展商大多集聚在第三館，使得人潮都匯集在扣件區，另外 有部分機械要素展商散佈在第一及第二館。與會扣件區攤位的訪客大部 分以貿易經銷商和製造商最多。日本採購商比起其他國家相對較喜愛台 灣、歐美廠的工業與建築用扣件、牙板與其他工模具、檢測機以及給料機 等機械。 日本名古屋地區是全球汽車、航太、機床等尖端行業主要的聚集 地，這次展會每天都邀請頂尖業者舉辦研討會，其中包括豐田汽車、馬 自達汽車、三菱電機、歐姆龍等，針對智慧製造、大數據分析的時限及應 用相關議題進行研討會。
65 China Fastener World no.56/2019
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泰國國際工業零組件展 文/惠達 張乃文
泰國國際工業零組件展5月8日於泰國BITEC曼谷國際貿易展覽中 心正式展開，匯達展覽人員表示，來攤位的買家以找螺絲產品居多，其 次為汽車零配件，現場大多來自泰國當地，也有美國、德國、日本、中 國、印度等國家的參觀者來索取惠達所出版的螺絲系列雜誌。 本次的展覽由Intermach、mta Asia與Subcon三個展區組成，台灣 廠商在三個展區中都設立台灣廠商專區，參展商包括宗基、仕梧、恆昭 等，展現台灣的專業工藝。本次大會統計，有來自17個國家400名優質製 造商參展，並預估會有25,000位來自汽車、航太、醫療設備、機器人等各 產業的買家參觀。 泰國國際工業零組件展統計自2013年以來，每年參觀者有超過五 成是採購或是事業主，產業別有26%是汽車產業，第二大宗為機材加工 (佔19%)、第三大則是建築產業(佔17%)。 泰國為東南亞國協第二大經濟體，汽車產業發達，目前也強力推動 工業4.0等製造業升級，且泰國政府積極推動相關的內需經濟政策，有望 能夠帶動周邊產業需求。
China Fastener World no.56/2019
66 展後報導
美國亞特蘭大緊固件機械暨相關設備展 文／惠達 張乃文
2019美國亞特蘭大緊固件機械暨相關設備展(International Fastener Manufacturing Exposition) 05/14-05/16日在喬治 亞世界會議中心舉辦，並結合電線電纜展 (Interwire Trade Exposition)同期展出。此展更是專為「製造商」展商所規劃的展 會。據大會統計本次兩個展區共有400多家廠商參加、舉辦了16個 技術相關研討會，有來自50個國家的參觀者一同共襄盛舉。匯達 展覽本次駐點人員認為，今年較多線材、設備的零件供應商。 匯達今年同步在現場派發最新的螺絲世界系列雜誌，即時提 供完整的海內外供應商資訊及國際產業新聞給來訪買家，協助他 們時刻掌握扣件產業的國際情勢。對台灣扣件製造商有興趣的各 國買主來說是相當實用且絕對不可或缺的採購指南。3天的展期 更成為展場買家的熱門焦點之一。 匯達駐點人員表示，今年或許是因為中美貿易戰關係導致 市場前景不明，人潮的部分多少受到影響。不過亞特蘭大緊固 件機械暨相關設備展還是集結來自各國的緊固件相關產品及設 備製造商(例如Carlo Salvi, Sakamura, Wafios, IFMSA and Wrentham Tools等)，在展中發表最新的緊固技術及材料、生產 機械、工具及檢驗設備等等。 主辦單位預告，下一屆展會預定於2021年再次與大家相見!
固定式與非固定式扣件 在考量扣件的種類分布範圍，也 就是扣件的「光譜」時，比較合 理的方式是把「永久固定」的扣件置於光 譜的一端，把「非永久固定」的扣件置於 另一端。「永久固定」的意思可指船身的 鉚釘或行李箱手把上的扣件。「非永久固 定」的扣件可指汽車安全帶的扣環或彈簧 夾。位處中間地帶的扣件則包括筆者在 前一篇惠達雜誌投稿中提到的「彈性」扣 件。 當然，「永久固定」的扣件這個詞包含 了所有種類的「安全性」接合件，這種接 合件有個特殊的定義就是要能「防盜」。 它們區分為必須被破壞才能移除的扣件， 以及用對的工具才能移除的扣件。有趣的 是，「安全性」扣件意涵著對於防盜保護 的欲求，可能會有更多安全性扣件的設計 來預防未經授權盜用智慧手機、大型家電 和機械控制系統的內部機件。 再順著光譜走，就會看到「半永久固 定」的扣件，這個詞用來描述種類廣泛的 螺絲、螺帽和螺栓，一般沒有人會預期要 在安裝它們之後還要移除它們，但真有必 要的話還是可以移除。
永久固定
安全性
防盜
防破壞
半永久固定
建築
工程
67
文/ Peter Standring
彈性
非永久固定
六個自由度
掛勾、夾子
通用
圖1. 扣件的光譜
安全性扣件 要設計一個螺紋扣件(螺帽或螺絲)，使其緊固扭力等同於零件材料的剪 切降伏應力，是很容易的。在沒有證據證實該說法的情況下，人們一定早在有 能力計算和預測荷載之前就普遍有那種觀念。此外，更多人會發現，當螺絲攻 或螺絲折斷時，修復的時間會很長且要花更多力氣移除掉。歷史上有很多例子 說明腦筋動得快人會發現可以把失敗轉變成契機。我在之前的投稿文(惠達雜 誌2018年1月號第168期，「螺紋演變的歷史」)提過阿基米德式螺旋抽水機。某 個人看著在水柱中平移的水果或鞋子，就會發現螺絲在一個螺紋體(例如螺帽) 內旋轉時，其中一個元件就會與另一個相對平移。 抗破壞的緊固裝置設計主要是以產生動作的驅動體設計為基礎。該扣件 通常含螺紋的扣件，但它也可以是彈簧夾。圖2說明了擰緊螺紋的扭力何以是 單向的，這代表在使用這些頭部設計時，無法產生任何力道來將它移除。
這些扣件包括用於鋼造建築的扣件、 水泥中的錨栓、長短木螺絲，還有任何場 合都能使用的釘子和配件。 接著是前述的「彈性」扣件。一般這 些扣件會被永久植入，但也可在六個自由 度(six degrees of freedom)的範圍內沿 著直角坐標軸平移或旋轉。其中一個例子 是小客車常見的含橡膠懸式接頭和萬向接 頭。 扣件光譜的最終端就是「非永久固 定」的扣件，日常的用具反映了這些扣件 的種類之多，例如冰箱上的磁鐵、透過磁 力黏在牆上的年度規劃表、雙面膠、無痕 膠貼等等。要認真分類在光譜這一端的扣 件的話，就得要創出很多子類別，所以為 求簡化，本文限制「非永久固定」的扣件為 金屬產品，其功能要求包含安全元件。 圖1描繪的是扣件的光譜。光譜的刻 度劃分無關乎每個區段的大小或重要性， 而純粹只代表扣件依其用途所屬的類別和 多樣性。本文要談的是此扣件光譜的左右 兩個端點。
圖2. 右旋(順時針)的頭部設計
業界的企業發展出一套設計，可以透過特殊用途的工具來移除此類別的 扣件。對於一般的惡意破壞，這種緊固裝置可百分百抑止損壞。然而對於自立 門戶的電氣或電器修理工人來說，往往要花費數百美元的成本，因此若無法取 得正確的工具來卸除一個遮蓋的話，就代表沒有了商機。當然在此情況下，如 果請求維修的顧客若必須透過代工廠授權的經銷據點，那麼價格就會與服務等 比例，通常都會非常貴。 通常我們會把含螺紋的安全性扣件稱為圖2所示的單向(固定式)扣件，或 者是雙向(可移除式)扣件。以圖2的單向式扣件來說，當驅動的元件(通常是指 扣件的頭部)在達到想要的夾持荷載時斷開，就會達成其用途。當然，同樣的原 則若套用到用來夾住軸向傳動軸的安全銷的話，就會完全失敗收場。 雖沒有任何證據佐證，但單向扣件很可能是為了解決無法鬆開早期的扣件 頭部，才誕生的產物。起子頭的滑脫，以及構造簡單的螺絲頭溝槽後緣的磨損
China Fastener World no.56/2019
技術論壇
China Fastener World no.56/2019
68 技術論壇 (也就是移除螺絲的同時也磨損到頭 部)，肯定是個讓用戶頭疼的問題，至 今仍是如此。某些人脈廣的人──或 許那些人的人生哲學很樂觀─ ─會 認為這種失敗可以轉變成商業上的成 功，只要能把產品製造出來就好。 與圖2的扣件設計不同的是，防 破壞的安全性扣件大多採用常見的頭 部驅動設計，例如十字、梅花、六角、 方頭等等，但這種扣件的正中央會有 一小支筆直的銷。如圖3所示，這種簡 單的裝置無法使用標準工具來影響 扣件，但若使用改造的工具就能移除 扣件，因此就有了雙向安全性扣件的 誕生。這種方式非常普遍，所以某些 扣件製造商會提供顧客自家保證且獨 特的起子與工具設計，當然價格也合 理。這種專家級產品如今相當常見， 可以在多數有品牌的高爾夫器材上看 到，例如高爾夫球桿和木桿上的螺紋 扣件。這種扣件需要使用特殊的扭力 扳手才能更換或調整。高爾夫釘鞋上 的防滑釘緊固則會使用兩支銷扳手。
定式扣件。它的角色自然一般是在運送的過程中固定住使用者與物件，然後在需要的時 候解開來。這種解開的機制一般標榜「快速」，而動作的速度通常是與其伴隨的急迫性 相應。在停車場要把孩子從車上的座位解綁，對家長來說可能是一件很棘手的事，但這 還不至於很急迫──當然這也要看狀況！反過來說，要啟動噴射機的彈射座椅就必須夠 快速才能把在一秒內遭遇不幸的機員彈射出去。 快速解開的機制也可見於所有人工操作的機台(不包括CNC)，機台上透過導螺桿進 行平移的螺帽必須在必要的時候精準落下。這同樣可套用到機械式、氣動式、油壓式的 工件夾具、門閂、鎖和所有固定住柵欄門、家門和出入口的裝置。 顯然地，這種非永久固定式裝置在許多狀況下可能會被認定為「彈性扣件」，因為 它要運作的話就需要像簡易的螺栓那樣移動。然而它與螺栓之間還是有些微的差異，例 如步槍的螺栓會需要先轉動然後再平移來產生作用。擊射一發子彈後就會再重複循環。 把它拿來和固定家門的類似螺栓一起做比較的話，它就不會被認定為具有彈性，因為我 們可以合理預期該螺栓在鎖固時會長時間維持鎖固的狀態，但並非永久鎖固。
結論 永久固定式扣件被設計出來的功能絕不能被更改。硬是把鉚釘挖出來就自然會把 該緊固元件移除掉，因此破壞了其功能。同樣地，如果在不損傷螺紋的條件下對單向式 螺紋扣件鑽出一個中孔，該扣件就可以被卸除。旋向相反的錐形螺紋工具可用來取出無 頭的元件，使其變成非永久固定式扣件，但這也代表該扣件不適合再進一步使用。 在扣件光譜下的所有其他案例中，時間軸決定了扣件的功能，所以緊固作業透過僅 有的六個自由度所採用的做法和機制必須要相同。因此，作業速度、使用的環境和特定 的設計功能這三者的平衡會決定一支扣件在光譜上的位置。 圖4就是最好的例子。如圖所示，這兩個零件都是相當老舊的登山用彈簧式扣環， 搭配繩索使用以輔助登山和固定。左圖是簡易的快扣式裝置。右圖基本上也是相同的， 但還包括了一個滾花螺紋的蓋形螺帽，該螺帽能沿著可移動的元件被擰轉並將之永久 固定。登山客使用右圖的扣環來固定身體上的繫帶，讓繫帶在攀爬時保持固定。左圖的 快扣式和快解式配件則會成堆地被扣在繫帶上，並發出彼此金屬碰擊的聲響，它們是用 來輔助攀登。
圖3. 直立銷造成無法使用 標準工具來移除扣件
插銷、釘子、馬釘等等應該是最 常見的無螺紋「永久固定式」扣件。 在我們環保意識抬頭的社會中，這種 扣件包括了以動力工具鑽入薄板木建 築的木釘，這種木釘是用來取代標準 金屬扣件。或許中世紀木造建築的接 合設計會復甦並成為未來永續生活 的核心？ 開口銷是用來鎖固螺帽與鍵以防 止桿部或物件旋轉，彈性墊圈是用來 確保不發生平移，這兩種都是半永久 固定式的無螺紋扣件。
非永久固定式扣件 所有的固定繫帶，包括嬰兒車與 降落傘的繫袋等等，都使用非永久固
圖4. 彈簧式登山用扣環(左圖)與螺帽固定式扣環(右圖)，圖片取自KMS
值得注意的是，雖然科學的新發現是創造這個世界的先鋒，但要注意到太空的探 索所衍生出的眾多事物。從實務的層面來說，「需求」仍是發明之母。在社會角落的一端 有所謂被褫奪公權的人，他們只需最基本的水、食物和藥來獲得生存。通常這問題會由 與非政府組織合作的學生來承擔，提供低成本的解決方式，且會在執行的過程中思索出 扣件相關的有趣點子。 在另一個極端的是位於富人社會邊緣的人，他們畢生專注追求對極限運動的狂熱， 例如定點跳傘。這些人執行的資源通常非常有限且牽涉到法律問題，有時還偷偷私下行 動，拿自己的性命作挑戰。他們挑戰並跨越了多數人能想像的極限，做出巨大的貢獻。 這讓筆者想到鈦製的冰釘、輕型滑翔機、滑翔翼還有許多看似瘋狂的極限運動已成 為或正在成為主流。這對企圖商業研發未來扣件的人來說想必是很有潛力的市場吧？
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鋼鐵扣件電鍍層之處理與試驗 文/王維銘
扣件扮演著許多硬體連接部分的用途，將兩個或兩個以上的硬體物件連接在 一起，這種接合對於眾多產品的製造及其整個行業的至關重要。與焊接不同，扣件 通常不是永久性的物件接合。硬體接點及物體的存在應該是和諧的，需要考慮接 合點相關之間的物理及化學性質有害不利的變化，如焊接及扣件、扣件及物體，這 並不奇怪。其性能的影響回應遠遠超出硬體接頭和物件的形狀和大小。 在使用扣件時，扣件暴露在空氣或其工作環境中。空氣或工作環境的氣氛應存 在一定的腐蝕條件，引起材料的化學反應。有害腐蝕的現象會導致負效應對扣件物 理性能的影響。表面處理後，應改善扣件的外觀、光學性能或電氣性能。重要的是 要提高加強防銹及耐腐蝕能力。表面處理也同時提高了產品的使用壽命。 扣件大多由鐵的合金相形態的鋼材料製成，如果沒有適當的金屬、材料或其他 化學品的保護，鐵合金容易受到攻擊、反應、變質而腐蝕。扣件表面處理的主要技 術包括磷酸鹽塗層或鉻酸鹽塗層、化學鍍層、電鍍、熱浸鍍鋅、陽極氧化、塗裝等化 成皮膜層處理。電鍍是藉由水解反應將一種金屬電鍍到另一種金屬的過程。對扣 件而言通常是必要的，因為扣件的形式，無論是螺栓、螺絲、螺母還是螺旋樁，都 是由鋼製成的。電鍍鍍層與其他鍍層的相互作用及應用即成為電鍍鍍層系統。
電鍍鍍層系統特性 扣件上的金屬鍍層或合金鍍層 鋼鐵扣件的電鍍鍍層系統主要用於防腐及功能特性，如扭矩夾緊力關係。此 表1
外，還可其他功能特性或裝飾性能等 特定性質，如耐化學性、導電性、鍍鋅 腐蝕、清潔性。表1顯示了常用的電鍍 鍍層及其主要用途及相關ISO標準的 參考。 基本電鍍鍍層系統的建立及原理 如圖1所示。化成皮膜層可增強對鋅、 鋅合金和鎘塗層的防腐蝕保護。化成 皮膜層可以是鈍化層(不含六鉻)或鉻 化層(含六鉻)。化成皮膜層還可以為 額外的皮膜層及/或額外的顏色/漆料 提供更好的附著力。 可選擇額外的密封皮膜層/外端 面層(帶或不帶整體潤滑劑)，以提高 耐腐蝕性並實現其他特定性能(例如 扭矩夾緊力特性、耐化學品性、機械 電阻、方面、顏色、熱穩定性、更高的 電阻、抗UV紫外線輻射)。密封皮膜層 或外端面層的性質的選擇，應基於所 需的額外性能。可使用附加潤滑層來 調整或修正扭矩夾緊力關係。
常用的電鍍鍍層組合及其主要用途及相關 ISO 標準的參考。
電鍍膜層+無機膜層 金屬膜層
無機膜層
ISO standard
鎳(Ni), 鎳(Ni)+鉻(Cr), 銅(Cu)+鎳(Ni)及銅(Cu)+鎳(Ni)+鉻(Cr) 電鍍膜層
無機膜層
ISO 1456
鋼鐵上之鋅(Zn) 膜層
未有無機膜層或添加無機膜層
ISO 2081
具無六價鉻(Cr(VI)-free)處理之鋼鐵上鋅(Zn)或鋅合金(Zn alloys)膜層
未有無機膜層或添加無機膜層
ISO 19598
鋼鐵上鎘(Cd)膜層
未有無機膜層或添加無機膜層
ISO 2082
未有無機膜層
ISO 2093
錫(Tin)(Sn)電鍍膜層 銀(Ag)或銀合金(Ag alloys)電鍍膜層
未有無機膜層或添加無機膜層
ISO 4521
金(Au)或金合金(Au alloys)電鍍膜層
未有無機膜層
ISO 4524-3, ISO 4524-6
在塑膠上之鎳(Ni)+鉻(Cr)電鍍膜層
未有無機膜層
ISO 4525
工程用途之鎳(Ni)電鍍膜層
未有無機膜層
ISO 4526
工程用途之鉻(Cr)電鍍膜層
未有無機膜層或添加無機膜層
ISO 6158
未有無機膜層
ISO 7587
具鎳(Ni),鈷(Co)之鋅(Zn)電鍍膜層
未有無機膜層或添加無機膜層
ISO 15726
鎳-陶瓷(Ni nickel-ceramics)複合電鍍膜層
未有無機膜層或添加無機膜層
ISO 19487
未有無機膜層
ISO 27874
無機膜層
ISO標準
錫鉛(tin-lead)電鍍膜層
電氣電子工程用途之金(Au)或金合金(Au alloys)電鍍膜層 其他膜層+無機膜層 其他膜層 無電鍍鎳磷合金膜層
未有無機膜層或添加無機膜層
ISO 4527
機械性沉積之鋅(Zn)膜層
未有無機膜層或添加無機膜層
ISO 12683
以電磁屏蔽用途於無電鍍銅上之無電鍍鎳膜層
未有無機膜層或添加無機膜層
ISO 17334
China Fastener World no.56/2019
技術論壇
China Fastener World no.56/2019
70 技術論壇 1
2
3
4
5 額外潤滑層
額外潤滑層
密封層/外端面層
密封層/外端面層
化成皮膜層
化成皮膜層
化成皮膜層
化成皮膜層
僅具金屬層
金屬層
金屬層
金屬層
金屬層
Basic metal
Basic metal
Basic metal
Basic metal
Basic metal
圖1 基本電鍍鍍層系統的建立圖示
電鍍鍍製過程 在選擇電鍍鍍層系統及相關的鍍鍍製過程以 及氫脆的考慮因素時, 應考慮扣件的類型和幾何 形狀。 扣件的類型和幾何形狀議題如下： • 扣件的螺紋形狀； • 具固定華司的扣件； • 華司及類似的扣件； • 具黏合物或補修物的扣件； • 預置扭力螺帽； • 具凹槽、內部驅動、洞或孔槽的扣件； • 使用自成型形成對應螺紋形狀之螺絲； • 夾件及維持環圈。 在選擇電鍍鍍層系統之前，應考慮元件的所 有功能和條件，而不僅僅是扣件。應考慮扣件裝 配的功能特性，如可組裝性、可安裝性、耐化學 性、導電性、鍍鋅腐蝕、清潔度等。 電鍍鍍層系統可應用於散裝使用滾桶或機架 吊掛製程進行鍍製。密封層/外端面層通常使用自 旋浸漬製程進行鍍製。扣件電鍍通常是一個大量 產製過程。當許多的小批量要進行鍍製時，可能需 要一個合適的鍍製線和/或鍍製製程，以達到所需 的鍍層性能及扣件性能。對於大尺寸或大質量的 扣件，或在減少或避免螺紋損壞的風險時，可以考 慮吊掛製程鍍製而不是滾桶加工鍍製。 當外端面層應用時，其固化過程(特別是在溫 度較高、持續時間較高或持續時間較長的情況下) 會對扣件的性能產生不利影響，例如：冷加工扣 件的扣件，用於在加熱後軋製的螺紋扣件，對於具 有非金屬介在物的預置扭矩螺帽，將使有意引入 的殘餘應力的降低(不足)。 潤滑層及/或外端面層通常用於提高鋅為基 底之電鍍鍍層系統的耐腐蝕性。如果需要耐化學 性，在電鍍鍍層系統中應用的有機外端面層通常 比無機外端面層或密封層更具有耐酸和鹼性化學 性能。具有密封層的電鍍塗層系統的電導率通常 足以用於電泳塗層和抗靜電目的。電鍍鍍層系統 與密封層及外端面層相結合，通常不適合電氣接 地。為了降低電位腐蝕的風險，應考慮扣合元件的
每個部分(扣件鍍層及夾緊部件)。具鍍層之扣件直接接觸金屬未有鍍層 保護之夾緊部件應予以避免，特別是對於不銹鋼、鋁、鎂、銅或銅合金、 碳纖維材料及填充碳的橡膠。有機外端面層漆料由於其較高的絕緣效 果，可以提高對電腐蝕的抵抗力。為降低電位腐蝕風險，最適合的措施是 為與夾緊部件具有相同或類似電勢的扣件選擇鍍層或電鍍鍍層系統。
內部氫脆化(IHE) 氫脆是電鍍鍍層系統的鍍製過程，由於氫引入和隨後擴散到金屬 中，氫化物形成金屬變得脆弱及斷裂。對氫引起的裂開「脆化」的敏感 性通常是在成型、鍍製、電鍍、清潔及精加工過程中引入氫的結果，通常 被稱為「內部脆化」。氫也可以隨著時間的推移、腐蝕過程 (特別是電腐 蝕)、陰極保護及/或來自產生的氫通過塗層的腐蝕。即所謂的「外部脆 化」，通過環境接觸 (土壤和化學品，包括水)。 如果扣件同時存在以下三個條件，則存在內部氫脆(IHE)的風險： • 具有較高的抗拉強度或硬度、或已硬化和回火或冷加工到高硬度， • 在拉伸應力狀態下，以及 • 已經有吸收氫的。 隨著扣件材料硬度的增加，對IHE的敏感性也隨之增加。 表2為ISO標準中建議鐵或鋼應採用各種清潔、鍍製前處理或鍍製後 處理，以降低氫脆的風險。 表2 ISO 標準中建議鐵或鋼應採用各種清潔、鍍製前處理或鍍製後處理， 以降低氫脆的風險
各式處理準備
ISO標準
鍍製前處理
ISO 9587
鍍製後處理
ISO 9588
鐵基金屬及合金之金屬表面清潔及準備
ISO 27831-1
非鐵基金屬及合金之金屬表面清潔及準備
ISO 27831-2
ISO4042:2018中規定了根據硬度對淬火及回火扣件進行IHE的適當 預防措施。如表3所示。適用于符合ISO898-1、ISO898-1、ISO898-1和ISO 4042:2018的扣件。 表4列出了符合ISO898-1、ISO898-2、ISO898-3扣件預防IHE相關措 施，這些措施用於硬度360HV及390HV之間的扣件。 當電鍍扣件最大硬度超過390HV時，規定需要烘烤。
71
表3 用于淬火及回火扣件，以硬度考量之預防IHE的適當措施
360HV
390HV
A
B
C
以考慮內部氫脆化(IHE)而言，無補充追 加過程查證或產品測試。 無烘烤之必要性。
以考慮內部氫脆化(IHE)而言，補充追加 過程查證及/或產品測試，或烘烤(由製造 廠商選項決定)。
以考慮內部氫脆化(IHE)而言，補充追加 過程查證及/或產品測試，及烘烤(烘烤溫 度時間應予以指定)。
表4 用于ISO 898-1, ISO 898-2, ISO 898-3扣件，以強度等級或硬度考量之預防IHE措施
性質等級
依據ISO 898-1之螺栓螺絲螺樁 有關內部氫脆化(IHE)之衡量區分
≦ 9.8
10.9
12.9 and 12.9.
A
B
C
性質等級 依據ISO 898-2之螺帽
≦ 12 具最大硬度小於等於360 HV之螺帽
具最大硬度大於360 HV之螺帽
A
B
有關內部氫脆化(IHE)之衡量區分 依據ISO 898-3之扁平華司
性質等級 ≦ 200HV
300 HV
380HV
A
B
C
有關內部氫脆化(IHE)之衡量區分
追加補充的處理 在進行烘烤時，包括溫度及烘烤持續時間在內 的烘烤條件，應基於扣件材料的特性、電鍍鍍製過 程及鍍層材料。烘烤通常在應用化成皮膜層之前及 /或在應用額外的密封層/外端面層之前進行。在鈍 化的情況下(有或沒有密封層)，並根據烘焙溫度， 在鈍化及/或密封條件下烘烤可能是合適的，前提 是不損害耐腐蝕性。
度，也不應影響塗層的性能。溫度及/或持續時間的過高會影響熱處理 後螺紋軋製的有益效果。
最低烘烤溫度及持續時間的因素是溫度、持 續時間、鍍層的滲透率和鍍層厚度。對於電鍍鋅氫 脆敏感性高的扣件(例如：心部硬度高於390HV)，在 190°C至220°C下8小時至10小時是建議的最低烘烤 時間。在大約190°C下烘烤4小時電鍍鋅扣件的常見 做法不足以提取氫，因為鋅是氫擴散的有效屏障。 事實上，4小時的烘烤時間甚至可能是有害的，偶爾 會導致失敗。
表面硬化及回火的扣件包括自攻螺絲(請參閱ISO 2702)、金屬材料 螺紋成型螺絲、自鑽螺絲(見ISO10666)和軟材料螺絲(如塑膠、木材)。 這些螺絲的表面通常是刻意硬化，以履行其特定的功能。表5規定了表 面硬化及回火的扣件考量之預防IHE措施要求 (軟材料的自攻螺絲及 螺絲除外)。軟材料自攻螺絲及螺絲的要求見表6。
依照ISO898-1中的規定，以預期材料和冶金特 性正確製造的強度等級屬10.9級的扣件不容易因 lHE 而失效，也不需要烘烤。強度等級屬10.9級的 扣件有時是為了防止製造錯誤或失控的過程，這可 能會使材料易受影響。 烘烤過程中使用的最高溫度和持續時間受到以 下考慮因素的限制。它不應超過扣件最初回火的溫
鍍鋅扣件通常在不高於220°C的溫度下烘烤。鍍鎘扣件通常在不高 於200°C的溫度下烘焙。 ISO2081、ISO9588和ISO19598中規定的扣件標準是降低IHE風險的 參考及建議。
表5 表面硬化及回火扣件考量之預防IHE措施
心部硬度 表面硬化回火之扣件
有關內部氫脆化(IHE) 之衡量區分
≦370 HV
＞370 HV
B
C
以考慮內部氫脆化 (IHE)而言，補充追加 過程查證，及產品測 試及/或烘烤。
以考慮內部氫脆化 (IHE)而言，補充追加 過程查證，及產品測 試及/或烘烤，及每一 製造批之產品測試。
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技術論壇
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技術論壇
防腐蝕及試驗 耐腐蝕性被認為是一種產品特性，可由於 以下因素而改變，如處理及運輸對電鍍鍍層系 統造成的物理損害，環境的反應。在潮濕環境 曝露的頻率及持續時間、接觸腐蝕性化學品 以及接觸其他金屬和材料(電腐蝕/接觸腐蝕) 都會影響鍍層的防護性能。鋅、鋅合金及鎘的 鍍層為鋼基金屬提供陰極保護。相反，如果鍍 層損壞或凹坑，金屬及鍍層不能提供陰極保護 (例如鎳、銅、銀)，則會加劇扣件的腐蝕。加速 試驗通常用於評估金屬及鍍層系統的耐腐蝕 性。一般採用ASTM B117、ISO9227、DIN 50021 或IS Z2371規定的中性鹽水噴霧試驗(NSS) 來 評估金屬鍍層系統的耐腐蝕性。二氧化硫測 試(Kesternich試驗)適用于具有鋅塗層系統 的戶外建築扣件。如果有指定二氧化硫測試， DIN50018、ISO6988、ISO3231、ASTM G87或ASTM G85附件4則應適用。另外的試驗方法AASS(醋 酸鹽水噴霧試驗)、CASS(銅加速醋酸鹽水噴霧 試驗)等方法亦可以應用於評價金屬及鍍層系 統的耐腐蝕性。 電鍍鍍層系統的防腐蝕保護在很大程度 上取決於金屬層的厚度。化成皮膜層及鋅、鋅 鐵、鎳及鎘鍍層上的密封層提供了防止鍍層金 屬腐蝕(形成白色腐蝕)的保護。從而提供額外 的保護，防止基礎金屬腐蝕。鍍層厚度對測量 性和可裝配性有顯著影響，因此應考慮螺紋的 公差和間隙。在外螺紋的情況下，塗層不應導 致超過零線，在內螺紋的情況下也不得低於零 線。表7中其中任一種試驗方法均可應用於確 定金屬層的局部厚度。 經電鍍鍍製之扣件應無起泡狀況。層狀剝 離及未鍍製區域會對腐蝕防護產生不利影響。 局部鍍製層過剩(例如在外端面層的情況下) ，不得損害功能特性(可測量性、扭矩/夾緊力 關係等)。可以在鈍化或色譜液中添加染料顏 料,以便給化成皮膜層提供彩色的方面。通常 用於區分目的。染料/顏料也可以添加到密封層 /外端面層，以獲得彩色表面。 如果考慮到扣件使用的環境溫度，高溫會影 響鍍層扣件的防腐蝕性能。應進行與溫度相關 的耐腐蝕性。耐腐蝕性可在指定的加熱週期後 進行測試。溫度和持續時間應商定。例如：在 120°C時1個週期1小時、在1個週期時每2小時1 個週期至24小時、在150°C時每1小時1個週期。 在規定的週期內,將扣件在零件溫度下加熱 後，耐腐蝕性仍應達到規定的要求。表7應用於 決定金屬鍍層局部厚度的試驗方法
表6 軟材料自攻螺絲及螺絲考量之預防IHE措施
心部硬度
以軟材料使用為目的 之自攻螺絲及螺絲
有關內部氫脆化(IHE) 之衡量區分
≦390 HV
＞390 HV
B
C
以考慮內部氫脆化 (IHE)而言，補充追 加過程查證，及產品 測試及/或烘烤。
以考慮內部氫脆化 (IHE)而言，補充追 加過程查證，及產品 測試及/或烘烤，及 每一製造批之產品測 試。
表7 應用於決定金屬鍍層局部厚度的試驗方法
試驗方法
標準
注意事項
X光技術
ISO 3497
庫侖法
ISO 2177
當存在額外的非電導膜層時, 不宜 使用此方法。
顯微鏡法
ISO 1463
可用於扣件任何表面區域
磁感應技術
ISO 2178
在添加任何密封層及額外潤滑層之 前，這種方法也可以用來確定局部 的總厚度
渦電流 (相位靈敏性) 試驗
ISO 21968
扣件扭矩夾緊力關係，亦可以通過電鍍鍍層系統來確定，包括密 封層及/或帶有整體潤滑層及/或隨後添加的潤滑層的外端面層。試驗 方法應與其他有關技術規範商定。例如，具有ISO公制螺紋的扣件應符 合ISO16047。如有需要，應按照ISO3613:2010的規定確定六價鉻Cr(VI) 的存在或不存在。 每批經電鍍鍍製之扣件都應進行下列強制性測試： • 鍍層厚度； • 扣件尺規量測及組裝配合性； • 外觀；
Reference: ISO 4042:2018 Fasteners -- Electroplated coating systems ISO 9587:2007 Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Pretreatment of iron or steel to reduce the risk of hydrogen embrittlement ISO 9588:2007 Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Post-coating treatments of iron or steel to reduce the risk of hydrogen embrittlement ISO 27831-1:2008 Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Cleaning and preparation of metal surfaces -- Part 1: Ferrous metals and alloys ISO 27831-2:2008 Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Cleaning and preparation of metal surfaces -- Part 2: Non-ferrous metals and alloys.
American News
John Wolz, Editor of FIN (globalfastenernews.com) Mike McNulty, FTI VP & Editor (www.fastenertech.com) Editors of Fastener World Magazine Compiled by Fastener World Inc.
Industrial Fastener Stocks Show Strength in 2018 After two consecutive years of double-digit growth, the FIN Fastener Stock Index contracted in 2018, hampered by volatility that dominated the markets, making 2018 the worst year for stocks in a decade. The FINdex declined 7.1% during the year, compared to a 7% drop by an index of related industrial stocks. U.S. stocks had their worst December since the Great Depression, according to Yahoo Finance. The Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 9.7%, the Nasdaq Composite dropped 10.4%, and the S&P 500 declined 10%. During 2018, industrial fastener stocks replaced aerospace stocks as the dominant performer. FINdex stocks achieving growth during the year included Dorman Products (up 47.2%); Bisco Industries (up 87.2%); Grainger (up 19.5%); Lawson Products (up 27.7%); TriMas (up 2%); and Wesco Aircraft (up 6.8%). During 2018, multiple FINdex stocks saw declines of 20% or more, including Arconic (down 38.1%); Carpenter Technology (down 30%); ITW (down 24%) MSC Industrial (down 20.4%); Park Ohio (down 33.2%); Stanley Black & Decker (down 29.4%); and Tree Island Steel (down 20.5%). During the final quarter of the year, the FINdex mirrored the markets, showing its biggest dive during the year. During Q4, the FINdex dropped 15.6%, compared to a 13.4% decline by an index of related industrial stocks. FINdex stocks losing 20% or more in value during Q4 included Carpenter Technology (down 39.6%); Grainger (down 21%); Park Ohio (down 20%); Simpson Mfg. (down 25.3%); and Wesco Aircraft (down 29.5%). The FINdex rose 9.2% in the third quarter after declining 0.4% in the previous quarter. An index of related industrial stocks increased 9.8% in Q3. Quarterly gains were achieved by a broad cross-section of fastener companies. During the first six months of 2018, both the FINdex and an index of related industrial stocks were essentially unchanged. The FINdex achieved marginal growth of 0.3% in the opening quarter of 2018, compared to an 11.7% loss by an index of related industrial stocks. During 2017, the FINdex rose 20.2%, boosted by aerospace fastener company gains. Aerospace fastener Receives Indiana Delegation supplier KLX - the former B/E Aerospace fastener division - achieving a 51% increase in share price, On September 19, 2018, during a program of meetings with leading Italian driven by sales to commercial aerospace manufacturing companies present in Indiana, USA, the Honorable Governor Eric Holcomb and customers. his delegation visited Fontana Gruppo headquarters in Veduggio, Italy. After a company presentation focusing in particular on the two Indiana plants, the Another FINdex winner during 2017 was Arconic two delegations had a productive discussion on medium-term, macro-economic the former Alcoa Fastening Systems and Rings business, scenarios. Fontana has been present in the state of Indiana since 2007, the which achieved a 47% increase in its share value. year of acquisition of its first plant in Frankfurt and its Logistics Center In 2016, the FINdex rose 20%, compared to an 11.1% consolidating its position in 2014 with a further acquisition of Acument Global increase by an index of related industrial stocks. Technologiesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; nine plants including one in Rochester, IN, USA.
Canada Launches Re-investigation on Fasteners from China and Taiwan The Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) initiated a re-investigation to update the normal values and export prices, in accordance with the Special Import Measures Act (SIMA), respecting certain carbon steel fasteners originating in or exported from China and Taiwan, and the amounts of subsidy respecting certain carbon steel fasteners originating in or exported from China. This re-investigation will be concluded by November 14, 2019. The re-investigation is part of the enforcement of the CITTâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s order made on January 5, 2015, in Expiry Review No. RR-2014-001, continuing its order made on January 6, 2010 in Expiry Review No. RR-2009-001, continuing its findings made on January 7, 2005 in Inquiry No. NQ-2004-005. Exporters that wish to participate in this re-investigation are required to provide a complete and accurate response to the CBSA's Request for Information (RFI) by May 13, 2019. Where an exporter of subject goods does not provide sufficient information to determine specific normal values or does not permit verification of information submitted, anti-dumping duties will be Any questions concerning the above should assessed at the rate of 170% of the export price of the subject goods imported into Canada. be directed to: Similarly, in cases where the Chinese government or exporters in China fail to provide complete SIMA Registry and Disclosure Unit and accurate submissions enabling the determination of specific amounts of subsidy, countervailing Trade and Anti-dumping Programs Directorate duties will be assessed at the rate of 1.25 Chinese Renminbi per kilogram. Canada Border Services Agency For the current re-investigation, the CBSA is contacting known and potential importers and 100 Metcalfe Street, 11th floor exporters. However, any importers or exporters who have not received a letter from the CBSA with Ottawa, ON K1A 0L8 the accompanying RFI, and who wish to provide a response to the RFI are advised to contact one Officers' names and contact information: of the officers identified below. Similarly, it is suggested that importers contact their exporter(s) to Robert Wright: 613-954-1643 determine if the exporter(s) has received the Dumping RFI and whether they intend to cooperate with Jin Hyuck Lee: 613-954-7180 simaregistry-depotlmsi@cbsa-asfc.gc.ca the CBSA in this re-investigation.
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American News Vulcan Steel Seeks Duties on Asian Threaded Rod Vulcan Steel Products Inc. filed a petition on February 21 with the U.S. Department of Commerce and the U.S. International Trade Commission seeking antidumping duties (ADD) and countervailing duties (CVD) on imports of carbon and alloy steel threaded rod from China, India, Taiwan and Thailand, TH International Trade reports. Threaded rod imports from these countries are being sold at less than fair value in the U.S. and causing material injury, according to Vulcan.
From December 2017 to November 2018, U.S. threaded rod imports totaled 42.5% from China, 25.2% from India, 15.1% from Taiwan and 4.1% from Thailand, according to Vulcan. The company claims that imports of threaded rod from these countries increased 18.6% from 2016 to 2017 and that imports for 2018 represented a 18.8% increase over 2017, according to TH International Trade. As a result, Vulcan claims that dumped and subsidized threaded rod imports are having significant, negative price effects that are causing lost sales and revenue to the domestic industry.
whether or not imported attached to, or in conjunction with, other parts and accessories such as nuts and washers. If carbon and alloy steel threaded rods are imported attached to, or in conjunction with, such non-subject merchandise, only the threaded rod is included in the scope.
The petition lists foreign producers and exporters that shipped threaded rod products to the U.S. at allegedly dumped and/or subsidized prices from these countries as well as the U.S. importers of those products.
Excluded f rom t he scope of t hese investigations are: (1) threaded rod, bar, or studs which are threaded only on one or both ends and the threading covers 25% or less of the total actual length; and (2) stainless steel threaded rod, defined as steel threaded rod containing, by weight, 1.2% or less of carbon and 10.5% or more of chromium, with or without other elements.
The steel threaded rod, bar, or studs subject to these investigations are non-headed and threaded along greater than 25% of their total actual length. Steel threaded rod is normally produced to American Society for Testing and Materials (“ASTM”) specifications ASTM A36, ASTM A193 B7/B7m, ASTM A193 B16, ASTM A307, ASTM A320 L7/L7M, ASTM A320 L43, ASTM A354 BC and BD, ASTM A449, ASTM F1554-36, ASTM F1554-55, ASTM F1554 Grade 105, American Society of Mechanical Engineers (“ASME”) specification ASME B18.31.3, and American Petroleum Institute (“API”) specification API 20E. Subject merchandise includes material matching the above description that has been finished, assembled, or packaged in a third country, including by cutting, chamfering, coating, or painting the threaded rod, by attaching the threaded rod to, or packaging it with, another product, or any other finishing, assembly, or packaging operation that would not otherwise remove the merchandise from the scope of the investigation if performed in the country of manufacture of the threaded rod.
Steel threaded rod is classifiable under subheadings 7318.15.5051, 7318.15.5056, and 7318.15.5090 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (“HTSUS”). Subject merchandise may also enter under subheading 7318.15.2095 and 7318.19.0000 of the HTSUS.
Carbon and alloy steel threaded rod are also included in the scope of this investigation
South Africa Investigating Surge in Fastener Imports South Africa is investigating a surge in imports of threaded fasteners, which manufacturers complain is injuring the country’s fastener industry. The South African Iron & Steel Institute filed a complaint for the South African Fasteners Manufacturers Association, according to a March 4 announcement by the World Trade Organization. T&I Chalmers Engineering (Pty) Ltd – which constitutes about 70% of production – submitted the original “injury analysis information” for bolt ends, screw studs and screw studding. Injury analysis for other hexagon nuts was submitted by Transvaal Pressed Nuts, Bolts & Rivets (Pty) Ltd., CBC Fasteners (Pty) Ltd and SA Bolt Manufacturers (Pty) Ltd., which together manufacture 90% of South African production. “The applicant alleged and submitted prima facie information to indicate that it is experiencing serious injury in the form of a decline in sales volumes, market share, gross profits, net profit and low capacity utilization” for the period from July 1, 2014, to June 30, 2019. The information filed by South Africa fastener manufacturers shows the “industry was suffering serious injury, which could be causally linked to the surge in the values of imports of the subject products.” The announcement stated that the “applicant indicated China is the world major producer of fasteners. Therefore information on unforeseen developments focuses on the developments in China. According to the applicant, “the Chinese significant influence and developments with regard to fasteners will have an impact on the world developments.” During the Uruguay Round of negotiations, “South Africa did not foresee an “unprecedented steep rate of increase in the global fastener production capacity, which was mainly fueled by the growth of the Chinese and Asian fastener market” and steep increases in fastener production and exporting. The information also pointed to the “economic slowdown of the Chinese economy and the global contraction in demand.” Combined with the “financial crisis of 2008 to 2010 had an impact on the demand for fasteners and with increased production created an imbalance between supply and demand, which added to increased export volumes.” The information noted a “significant unused production capacity of carbon steel fasteners in China,” which “led to an increase in trade remedy actions against fastener products (including the subject product) by countries such as Canada and the United States.”
Fasteners include iron and steel threaded fasteners, bolt ends and screw studs, screw studding and other hexagon nuts of iron or steel (thus excluding stainless steel and those identifiable for aircraft). Importing “increased sharply both in absolute terms and relative to domestic production” for four years beginning July 2014. Interested parties may submit information or request a hearing before the commission in writing within 20 days to: Trade Remedies II, DTI Campus, 77 Meintjies St., Sunnyside, Pretoria, Block Uuzaji, Ground Floor, South Africa. Tel: (27) 12 394 3600 If information submitted is confidential, the party should give grounds justifying confidentiality.
First-Quarter FINdex Recoups Losses In the opening quarter of 2019, the FIN Fastener Stock Index recouped the losses it suffered in 2018, gaining 7.2%, compared to an 8.6% increase by an index of related industrial stocks. Most aerospace, automotive and industrial fastener companies tracked by the FINdex posted stock gains during Q1. Carpenter Technology achieved the largest percentage gain of the period, rising 28.8% in the first three months of 2019. Other fastener companies with gains of 10% or more during Q1 included Arconic (up 13.3%); Bisco Industries (up 23.8%); Fastenal (up 23%); ITW (up 14.6%); Nucor (up 12.6%); Stanley Black & Decker (up 13.7%); and TriMas (up 10.8%). FINdex companies posting share losses during Q1 included Chicago Rivet (down 10.5%); Dorman Products (down 2.1%); Lawson Products (down 0.6%); and Tree Island Steel (down 4.5%). The FINdex contracted in 2018, hampered by volatility that dominated the markets, making 2018 the worst year for stocks in a decade. The FINdex declined 7.1% during the year, compared to a 7% drop by an index of related industrial stocks. The loss followed two consecutive years of double-digit growth.
Stanley® Engineered Fastening Opens Production Facility in Ohio Stanley ® Engineered Fastening has opened a new production facility in Elyria, OH, USA. Stanley executives and local government officials celebrated the opening with a March 20, 2019, ribbon-cutting ceremony. When the renovations are complete, the 101,000 ft2 facility will be an Industry 4.0 site utilizing IIoT technology. The implementation of real-time machine connectivity and monitoring capabilities is scheduled to be completed by Q3 2019. This investment will allow Stanley Engineered Fastening to streamline manufacturing processes and increase its production efficiencies. Stanley Engineered Fastening anticipates about 70 employees will be based out of t he new factory with ample space to accommodate future growth. Employees at the new production facility will manufacture Nelson branded stud welding equipment, weld studs and critical fasteners for application in the construction, infrastructure, industrial and defense markets.
Chicago Rivet Inducted Into Business Hall of Fame The Blair County (Pennsylvania) Chamber of Commerce has inducted Chicago Rivet & Machine Co.’s Tyrone, PA, USA, facility into its Business Hall of Fame’s Class of 2018. Criteria for consideration include successfully operating within the region for 25 continuous years, a business’ involvement within the community and a review of a company’s employment growth and expansion within that time frame. The induction ceremony was held on October 15, 2018 at the Blair County Convention Center in Altoona PA, USA. Chicago Rivet & Machine Co. issued the corporate statement: “We are honored that our Tyrone team members have been recognized by the Blair County business community for their many years of outstanding and dedicated efforts on behalf of our organization. Every Tyrone team member past and present is responsible for Chicago Rivet & Machine Co.’s receipt of this hall of fame honor, for without their many years of contributions, this recognition could not be possible.” Chicago Rivet & Machine Co., headquartered in Naperville, IL, USA, is an IATF 16949-certified company.
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American News Hillman Group Invests in New Facility
The Hillman Group, Inc., headquartered in Cincinnati, OH, USA, is a leading solutions provider to the retail hardware market. The company has announced that it will relocate its Canadian National Distribution Centre and Head Office to a newly designed, modern 400,000 ft2 facility located in the Metro East Business Park in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. With the construction of the 350-employee, new facility approaching its completion, Hillman is entering the last phase of its Canadian facility modernization plan, consolidating seven operations around the greater Toronto area. Starting in early 2019, a phased move of the firm’s US$200+ million Canadian business will begin in the new location. “This facility will be efficient, advanced, and most important, will provide improved benefits for our customers, suppliers and staff,” commented Scott Ride, President of Hillman Canada. Hillman Group, Inc. is a leading North American provider of complete hardware solutions, delivered with industry-best customer service to more than some 26,000 customers.
Solon Manufacturing Celebrates 70 Years Founded in 1949, Solon Manufacturing Company is a global leader in the design and manufacture of Belleville springs, washers, industrial pressure switch products and SF6 gas density monitoring equipment to industries in over 40 countries. Today, Solon Manufacturing continues to thrive on the ideals of is founders—innovation and passion for the company and its stakeholders, which has led to 70 years of successful business, with 55 employees and three product lines.
Boker’s Celebrates 100 Years & Expansion Boker’s, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA, a metal stamping manufacturer of precision metal stampings, washers, spacers and shims, is 100 years old in 2019. Boker’s will celebrate and honor its valued customers and employees throughout the year and also the opening of its new manufacturing facility. Boker’s is thankful and honored that it has been able to serve its customers and help them be successful over the past 100 years. The company is also grateful to be able to provide good quality jobs to its dedicated employees. Boker’s, founded in 1919 by Vitus Boker and his son, John, started their family business around their first products, an envelope folding machine and a small hand check protector. However, with his tooling knowledge, the enterprise began generating more revenue from manufacturing prototypes and custom parts for automated machinery. As word spread of Boker’s unique process for producing high-quality, short-run, stamped metal parts, the demand grew. Vitus found himself entrenched within the stamping industry as one of the pioneers of short-run stampings. The business boomed and has continued to flourish throughout the years, growing in space and customer base. Today, Boker’s is still a privately held family-owned business, guided by Vitus Boker’s principals of hard work and attention to detail, with Bill Tedlund as Chairman. From starting to help out the family business as children, the legacy continues with Bill’s children Wendy, Amy and Barry as shareholders. Chuck and Tony Kersey are the fifth generation in Sales and Marketing. Boker’s offers parts for almost every industry and product—from pay phones, coffee makers, medical devices, missiles and mail sorting machines to dental instruments, snowshoes and aircrafts. Boker’s is currently expanding its manufacturing facility to streamline processes and add capacity as product diversification continues to grow. New space adds 66,500 ft2, almost doubling the current manufacturing space.
Lawson Products Opens New Branch in Canada Lawson Products, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA, a distributor of products and services to the MRO marketplace, has opened a new The Bolt Supply House branch in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, resulting in presence in all four western Canada provinces. The 12,000 ft2 facility, in the Port Kells industrial area of Surrey, British Columbia, is stocked with key industrial fastener products.
JW Winco, Inc. Opens a New Branch in Mexico JW Winco, Inc., New Berlin, WI, USA, A Ganter Company, has recently opened a new branch in Mexico located at Parque industrial Makro, Bodega 10, Santa Catarina, N.L. 66359. The new Mexico office telephone number is +52 (81) 27214021. The new branch has over 1200 ft 2 of office space as well as more than 10,000 ft2 of warehouse space, and features a modern design. “We will be stocking more than 4000 parts initially to improve our service to our customers in Mexico,” commented Carlos Cantu, Mexico branch General Manager. “The building features great logistics that will enable us to provide quick delivery to our customers throughout Mexico. The branch will provide our clients with local support and technical training, and of course we will continuously add new products to fulfill our clients’ needs when it comes to a wide selection of metal and plastic standard machine components.” JW Winco has also made various improvements to its Spanish website (listed below). Improvements include updating the navigation to show subgroups. The Spanish website also provides 3D CAD and on-line buying.
ASG of Jergens Opens Warehouse in Ireland In order to better service its international customers, ASG, Division of Jergens, Inc., has opened a warehouse in Limerick, Ireland. ASG will now ship directly from this location to the surrounding European countries. With inventory housed locally, customers will see many benefits including reduced freight costs, duty-free shipments and improved lead time. ASG continues its mission to deliver products, services and solutions on time and at a competitive value.
Arconic Cancels $10b Acquisition Deal A week after the Wall Street Journal reported that Arconic was nearing a US$10 billion deal to be acquired by Apollo Global Management for more than US$10 billion, the aerospace fastener and components manufacturer announced it had broken off talks with the buyer. “We did not receive a proposal for a full-company transaction that we believe would be in the best interests of Arconic’s shareholders and other stakeholders,” stated company chairman John C. Plant. Arconic, which includes Alcoa’s former US$1.8 billion Fastening Systems and Rings business, has been mulling possible takeovers since last summer when Apollo and two other companies expressed interest in the company. Arconic will continue with the previously announced sale process for its building and construction systems business, Plant said. For the third quarter of 2018, Arconic reported Engineered Products and Solutions (EP&S) revenue, primarily aerospace fasteners, increased 6% to $1.6 billion. Organic revenue was up 6%, driven by volume growth in aerospace engines and defense. Segment operating profit was US$238 million, down $1 million year over year, as volume growth across all business units was offset by unfavorable aerospace product price/mix and manufacturing inefficiencies in the Engineered Structures business. Segment operating margin was 15.2%, down 100 basis points year over year. Arconic was formed in 2016 after Alcoa's board unanimously approved a plan to separate Alcoa into two independent, publicly-traded companies. Torrance, CAbased Arconic Fastening Systems & Rings designs and manufactures fastening systems and rings, including specialty fasteners, fluid fittings, assembly components, installation systems, and seamless rings, for aerospace and industrial applications. Arconic employs about 1,550 people at five facilities in Texas, and more than 7,000 worldwide.
Endries Acquires Industrial Products Company Endries International, Brillion, WI, USA, has announced that the company has acquired Industrial Products Company (IPC), Lynchburg, VA, USA. Industrial Products Company is a provider of fasteners and related production c o m p o n e n t s t o t h e o r ig i n a l e q u i p m e n t manufacturing (OEM) market. In addition to the headquarters in Virginia, IPC has warehouse locations in Mississippi, Nebraska and mainland China. IPC customers are served via a variety of service offerings including on-premises vendor managed inventory systems. Operating under ISO9001 and A2LA accreditation, IPC provides quality products and services to its OEM customers. Scott Wolf, the owner of IPC will remain with the company in a leadership position. Endries is a leading distributor of fasteners and Class-C parts serving industrial OEMs worldwide. From its headquarters in Brillion, and eight USA and international distribution centers, Endries provides over 500,000 SKUs to its customer base.
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Statistics and Trend Analysis of
Russia’s Fastener Import and Export in 2018 by Sharareh Shahidi Hamedani
Introduction Russia’s fastener export to the world is about 94.407 million USD and its imported fastener value is more than 855.206 million USD. The ratio of Russia’s exported fastener value to its imported fastener value is 0.11; Therefore, it is very clear that Russia is a dependent country in the fastener field. This article is a study about the main partners of Russia in both sectors, which are import and export.
Export The following graph shows the trend of exported fasteners from Russia to the world. World
IMPORTER
Jul-2017 6,629 Jan-2018 4,787 Jul-2018 7,634 Jan-2019 5,017
Aug-2017 7,368 Feb-2018 7,287 Aug-2018 8,115
Sep-2017 9,452 Mar-2018 7,763 Sep-2018 7,547
Oct-2017 6,687 Apr-2018 8,091 Oct-2018 9,041
Nov-2017 6,500 May-2018 7,758 Nov-2018 8,228
Jun-2017 7,504 Dec-2017 8,234 Jun-2018 9,058 Dec-2018 9,098
Numbers are in thousand USD
World 10,000 9,000
1- The trend of exported fasteners from Russia to the world is positive with a gentle slope. 2- All months show growth in comparison with the same corresponding months of the previous year, except for September 2018 showing negative growth. 3- January 2019 started with a 4.8% growth in comparison to that of January 2018.
8,000 7,000
In a simple word, the step-by-step investment in the Russian market makes sense for machine & tooling suppliers and investors.
6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000
n2 Ju 017 l2 Au 017 g2 Se 017 p2 Oc 017 t2 N 01 7 ov -2 De 017 c2 Ja 017 n2 Fe 018 b2 M 018 ar -2 Ap 018 r2 M 018 ay -2 Ju 018 n2 Ju 018 l2 Au 018 g2 Se 018 p2 Oc 018 t2 N 018 ov -2 De 018 c2 Ja 018 n20 19
0
Ju
Unit: 1,000USD
The specific notes of the left graph are:
World
The Main Markets for Russia’s Fasteners: It is predictable that in a country, if the power of export is weaker than the power of import, then the exported products of the country goes to its neighbouring countries. It happened to Russia, too; Kazakhstan, Belarus and Iran are the 1st, 2nd and 4th biggest destinations for Russia’s exported fasteners. These 3 countries have bought more than 53% of Russia’s exported fasteners. The 3rd biggest market for Russia’s exported fasteners is Germany. All these 4 countries have shared 66% of Russia’s total exported fastener value. The detailed figures of each country are shown as below:
1- Kazakhstan
2- Belarus
The following table shows the value of fasteners imported from Russia and the following graph shows the market size of Kazakhstan for Russian fasteners.
The following table shows the value of fasteners imported from Russia and the graph shows the market size of Belarus for Russian fasteners.
IMPORTER
Jul-2017 2,098 Jan-2018 1,203 Jul-2018 1,904 Jan-2019 1,118
Jun-2017 2,011 Aug-2017 Sep-2017 Oct-2017 Nov-2017 Dec-2017 2,158 1,984 1,684 1,738 1,578 Feb-2018 Mar-2018 Apr-2018 May-2018 Jun-2018 1,373 1,747 1,983 2,148 2,315 Aug-2018 Sep-2018 Oct-2018 Nov-2018 Dec-2018 2,189 1,652 2,250 2,081 1,789
Jun-2017 1,635 Jul-2017 Aug-2017 Sep-2017 Oct-2017 Nov-2017 Dec-2017 1,941 1,697 2,182 1,863 1,378 1,093 Jan-2018 Feb-2018 Mar-2018 Apr-2018 May-2018 Jun-2018 997 1,838 1,677 2,004 2,480 3,236 Jul-2018 Aug-2018 Sep-2018 Oct-2018 Nov-2018 Dec-2018 2,319 2,131 1,401 2,517 1,612 1,281 Jan-2019 Numbers are in thousand USD 1,107
Kazakhstan
IMPORTER
Numbers are in thousand USD
Belarus
Kazakhstan Share in Russia’s Fastener Export
35.0% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0%
0.4% 0.35% 0.3% 0.25% 0.2% 0.15% 0.1% 0.05% 0%
2 Ju 017 l20 Au 17 g2 Se 017 p20 Oc 17 t2 N 017 ov -2 De 017 c2 Ja 017 n2 Fe 018 b20 M 1 ar 8 -2 Ap 018 r2 M 018 ay -2 Ju 018 n2 Ju 018 l20 Au 18 g2 Se 018 p2 Oc 018 t2 N 018 ov -2 De 018 c2 Ja 018 n20 19
0.0%
Ju
Ju
n-
n2 Ju 017 l2 Au 017 g2 Se 017 p20 Oc 17 t2 N 017 ov -2 De 017 c2 Ja 017 n2 Fe 018 b20 M 1 ar 8 -2 Ap 018 r2 M 018 ay -2 Ju 018 n2 Ju 018 l2 Au 018 g2 Se 018 p20 Oc 18 t2 N 018 ov -2 De 018 c2 Ja 018 n20 19
Share in Russia’s Fastener Export
Belarus
Belarus
Kazakhstan
The trend is the same as Kazakhstan, Belarus’s market for Russian fasteners also got smaller from the 2nd quarter of 2017 till the end of 2018. The Belarus market was ranked the top situation in September 2018 as it purchased 35.7% of Russian fasteners. December 2018 was its lowest situation when it purchased 13.3% of Russia’s fasteners.
Kazakhstan’s market for Russian fasteners got smaller from the 2nd quarter of 2017 till the end of 2018. When the value of exported fasteners increased during the same period of time, it means that Russian fastener suppliers found new markets. The Kazakhstan market was ranked the top situation in October 2017 as it purchased 31.6% of Russia’s exported fasteners. Feb 2018 was its lowest situation when it purchased 18.8% of Russia’s fasteners.
3- Germany
Germany
Share in Russia’s Fastener Export
Jun-2017 392 Jul-2017 Aug-2017 Sep-2017 Oct-2017 Nov-2017 Dec-2017 495 324 446 524 490 566 Jan-2018 Feb-2018 Mar-2018 Apr-2018 May-2018 Jun-2018 387 521 576 536 678 461 Jul-2018 Aug-2018 Sep-2018 Oct-2018 Nov-2018 Dec-2018 607 555 487 570 583 550 Jan-2019 Numbers are in thousand USD 634
IMPORTER
Germany 14.0% 12.0% 10.0% 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.0%
Ju n2 Ju 017 l2 Au 017 g20 Se 17 p2 Oc 017 t20 N ov 17 -2 De 017 c2 Ja 017 n2 Fe 018 b2 M 018 ar -2 Ap 018 r2 M 018 ay -2 Ju 018 n2 Ju 018 l2 Au 018 g20 Se 18 p2 Oc 018 t2 N 018 ov -2 De 018 c2 Ja 018 n20 19
The following table shows the value of fasteners imported from Russia and the right graph shows the market size of Germany for Russian fasteners.
Germany
The German market for Russian fasteners got bigger from the 2nd quarter of 2017 till the end of 2018. Germany was ranked the top situation in August 2018 as it purchased 8.7% of Russian exported fasteners. August 2017 was its lowest situation when it purchased 4.4% of Russia’s fasteners. In January 2019, the number increased sharply. It increased 200% from December 2018 to January 2019.
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Industry Focus
4- Iran
Import
The following table shows the value of fasteners imported from Russia and the graph shows the market size of Iran for Russian fasteners.
The following graph shows the trend of imported fasteners to Russia from the world. Jun-2017 71,841 Jul-2017 Aug-2017 Sep-2017 Oct-2017 Nov-2017 Dec-2017 62,836 69,076 60,479 60,710 58,130 61,271 Jan-2018 Feb-2018 Mar-2018 Apr-2018 May-2018 Jun-2018 55,170 62,055 65,536 69,872 73,518 77,476 Jul-2018 Aug-2018 Sep-2018 Oct-2018 Nov-2018 Dec-2018 77,741 76,978 70,666 81,844 72,332 72,018 Jan-2019 Numbers are in thousand USD 64,592
Jun-2017 3 Jul-2017 Aug-2017 Sep-2017 Oct-2017 Nov-2017 Dec-2017 4 17 0 1 2 268 Jan-2018 Feb-2018 Mar-2018 Apr-2018 May-2018 Jun-2018 99 486 1,021 334 60 1 Jul-2018 Aug-2018 Sep-2018 Oct-2018 Nov-2018 Dec-2018 17 182 1 0 2 605 Jan-2019 Numbers are in thousand USD 461
IMPORTER
EXPORTER
Iran
World
Iran 0.14%
90,000
0.12%
80,000 70,000 Unit: 1,000USD
0.1% 0.08% 0.06% 0.04%
60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000
0.02%
10,000
0%
n-
n2 Ju 017 l20 Au 17 g2 Se 017 p2 Oc 017 t2 N 017 ov -2 De 017 c2 Ja 017 n2 Fe 018 b2 M 018 ar -2 Ap 018 r2 M 018 ay -2 Ju 018 n2 Ju 018 l2 Au 018 g2 Se 018 p2 Oc 018 t2 N 018 ov -2 De 018 c2 Ja 018 n20 19
2 Ju 017 l2 Au 017 g2 Se 017 p2 Oc 017 t2 N 017 ov -2 De 017 c2 Ja 017 n2 Fe 018 b20 M 1 ar 8 -2 Ap 018 r2 M 018 ay -2 Ju 018 n2 Ju 018 l2 Au 018 g2 Se 018 p20 Oc 18 t2 N 018 ov -2 De 018 c2 Ja 018 n20 19
0
Ju
Ju
Iran
World
Iran’s numbers fluctuated because of sanctions. Iran can be a big market for Russia fasteners as what has been shown in March 2018 and December 2018.
The specific notes of the above graph are: 1- The same as the exported figures, the trend of imported fasteners to Russia from the world is positive with a gentle slope. 2- All months show growth in comparison with the same corresponding months of the previous year.
The Main Suppliers in the Russian Market China is the main supplier of fasteners to the Russian market; Russian consumers bought about 46.5% of fasteners.
3- January 2019 started with a 7.8% growth in comparison to that in January 2018.
Germany has 7.3%, Taiwan has 5.4% and Japan has 5.1% of the market share in Russia.
In a simple word, the step-by-step investment in the Russian market makes sense for fastener producers.
The detailed numbers of each country are shown as below:
1- China
China’s power got strong from the 2nd quarter of 2017 till the end of 2018 in the Russian market. China’s market share was ranked the top situation in July 2018 with 43.9% of the whole Russian fasteners market. October 2017 was its lowest situation with 29.9% of the whole Russian fasteners market.
0.5% 0.45% 0.4% 0.35% 0.3% 0.25% 0.2% 0.15% 0.1% 0.05% 0%
n2 Ju 017 l2 Au 017 g2 Se 017 p2 Oc 017 t2 N 017 ov -2 De 017 c2 Ja 017 n2 Fe 018 b20 M 1 ar 8 -2 Ap 018 r2 M 018 ay -2 Ju 018 n2 Ju 018 l20 Au 18 g2 Se 018 p2 Oc 018 t2 N 018 ov -2 De 018 c2 Ja 018 n20 19
Jun-2017 EXPORTER China 31,086 Jul-2017 Aug-2017 Sep-2017 Oct-2017 Nov-2017 Dec-2017 26,401 27,014 18,872 18,157 18,303 22,728 Jan-2018 Feb-2018 Mar-2018 Apr-2018 May-2018 Jun-2018 18,821 23,267 22,201 27,076 28,269 32,516 Jul-2018 Aug-2018 Sep-2018 Oct-2018 Nov-2018 Dec-2018 34,150 31,906 28,315 33,125 30,493 29,010 Jan-2019 Numbers are in thousand USD 30,066
China Share in Russia’s Fastener Import
The following table shows the value of fastener exported from China and the right graph shows the market size of Russia for Chinese fasteners.
Ju
Share in Russia’s Fastener Export
World
China
Other Suppliers Comparing China’s market share & its growth in the Russian market with the growth of Russian fastener market, it is predictable that the growth of other suppliers is very small or even negative.
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Overview of
China’s Fastener Machinery Market by Sharareh Shahidi Hamedani
Notes: This article is focused on products within HS code 8462 machine tools, including, presses, for working metal by forging, hammering or die-stamping; machine tools, incl. presses, for working metal by bending, folding, straightening, flattening, shearing, punching or notching; presses for working metal or metal carbides. * All values are in thousand USD.
The base year for analyzing is 2014.
Machines Imported to China
Accumulated Growth
The machine market of China is a notable market for machine exporters. Its value is about 1.33 billion USD. Although this market became 36.3% smaller from 2014 to 2016, it recovered around 9% from 2016 to 2018. Export to China World (in 1,000 USD) Growth Percentage Accumulated Growth
0.0% -5.0%
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
-10.0% -15.0%
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
-20.0%
1,701,992
1,433,406
1,218,896
1,286,676
1,334,881
-25.0%
------
-18.7%
-17.6%
5.3%
3.6%
------
-18.7%
-36.3%
-31.1%
-27.5%
-30.0% -35.0% -40.0% Acc. Growth
The 3 main exporters to China are listed below: • Japan was a leading exporter for 3 years (2015: 309.9 million USD; 2017: 311.2 million USD; 2018: 303.7 million USD). • Germany was a leader in 2014 with 354.5 million USD. • South Korea was a leader in 2016 with 255.7 million USD. Taiwan and Italy are respectively ranked in the 4th and the 5th places during these years. The details of machine exporters are illustrated below:
Japan • Japan recorded the highest number in 2017 (with 311.2 million USD worth of machines export to China). • It could satisfy 24.2% of the total required machines of China in 2017. • However, it lost about 1.4% of its market share in 2018 in comparison with 2017, but still remained as the leader in export in 2018. • The lowest market share of Japan in China was recorded in 2014 at 18.3%. Export to China Japan (in 1,000 USD) Market Share Growth Percentage Accumulated Growth
Accumulated Growth 0%
2014
2015
2016
2017
-5%
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
-10%
311,068
309,950
245,386
311,203
303,686
-15%
18.3%
21.6%
20.1%
24.2%
22.8%
-20%
------
-0.4%
-26.3%
21.1%
-2.5%
-25%
------
-0.4%
-26.7%
-5.5%
-8.0%
-30% Accumulated growth
2018
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Industry Focus
Germany • Germany recorded the highest number (354.5 million USD) in 2014 in terms of value and this number is also the highest exported machine value that a country sent to the Chinese market. • In terms of market share, the highest number of Germany was recorded in 2018 with 20.9% of the market share in China. • Germany showed a sharp growth (26.7%) in 2018, in comparison with 2017. • And, the worst number was recorded in 2016, showing a decrease of 46.5% in its export value in comparison with 2015. • The lowest market share of Germany in China was 15.9% recorded in 2017. Export to China Germany Market Share Growth Percentage Accumulated Growth
2014 354,513 20.8%
2015 295,469 20.6%
2016 201,733 16.6%
2017 204,628 15.9%
2018 279,189 20.9%
------
-20.0%
-46.5%
1.4%
26.7%
------
-20.0%
-66.4%
-65.0%
-38.3%
Accumulated Growth 0%
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
-10% -20% -30% -40% -50% -60% -70% Accumulated growth
South Korea • South Korea recorded the highest number (255.7 million USD ) in 2016 in terms of value. • In terms of market share, the highest number of South Korea was recorded in 2016 with 21.0% of its market share in China. • South Korea showed a sharp drop in 2018 and lost 22.5% of its export value in comparison with 2017. • The lowest market share of South Korea in China was recorded in 2014 at 13.0%. Export to China South Korea Market Share Growth Percentage Accumulated Growth
2014 221,247 13.0%
2015 204,392 14.3%
2016 255,681 21.0%
2017 223,452 17.4%
2018 182,470 13.7%
------
-8.2%
20.1%
-14.4%
-22.5%
------
-8.2%
11.8%
-2.6%
-25.1%
Accumulated Growth 15% 10% 5% 0% -5%
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
-10% -15% -20% -25% -30% Accumulated growth
Machine Exported from China China is also one of the biggest machine exporters and its export value per year is more than 1.06 billion USD. Although its export value decreased between 2015 to 2016, it could recover from 2017 to 2018. It showed a sharp growth (19.1%) in 2018, which has been recorded as the most valuable year since 2014. Export from China World Growth Percentage Accumulated Growth
2014 913,910
2015
2016
2017
2018
904,444
828,322
859,716
1,062,220
------
-1.0%
-9.2%
3.7%
19.1%
------
-1.0%
-10.2%
-6.6%
12.5%
Accumulated Growth 15% 10% 5% 0%
2014
• USA was a leading importer for 2 years (2017: 87.5 million USD; 2015: 81.5 million USD).
The details of machine importers are illustrated below.
2017
-15%
• India was a leading importer for 2 years (2018: 118.7 million USD; 2014: 73.7 million USD).
Russia was ranked the 4th place during these years.
2016
-10%
The 3 main markets for Chinese machine export are listed below:
• Vietnam was a leading importer in 2016 with 83.2 million USD.
2015
-5%
Accumulated growth
2018
India • China exported 118.7 million USD worth of machines to India in 2018 and this number was also the highest value China exported to India since 2014. • China exported 11.2% of its machines to India in 2018, which was its highest market share in India since 2014.
Accumulated Growth
• The lowest market share it had in India was recorded in 2016 at 6.5%. • The lowest value of machines China exported to India was recorded in 2016 (about 53.6 million USD). Export from China India Market Share Growth Percentage Accumulated Growth
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
73,673 8.1%
59,259 6.6%
53,580 6.5%
80,306 9.3%
118,690 11.2%
------
-24.3%
-10.6%
33.3%
32.3%
------
-24.3%
-34.9%
-1.6%
30.7%
40% 30% 20% 10% 0% -10%
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
-20% -30% -40% Accumulated growth
Vietnam • China exported 95.6 million USD worth of machines to Vietnam in 2018, representing 9% of its total machine export value at that time. • China exported 10.0% of its machines to Vietnam in 2016 and it was the highest market share it had in Vietnam since 2014. • The lowest market share China had in Vietnam was recorded in 2014 at 5.5%. • The lowest value of machines China exported to Vietnam was recorded in 2014 (about 49.9 million USD). Export from China Vietnam Market Share Growth Percentage Accumulated Growth
Accumulated Growth 70% 60%
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
49,853 5.5%
68,266 7.5%
83,176 10.0%
80,173 9.3%
95,560 9.0%
------
27.0%
17.9%
-3.7%
16.1%
------
27.0%
44.9%
41.2%
57.3%
50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Accumulated growth
USA • China exported 88.5 million USD worth of machines to USA in 2018, representing 8.3% of its machine export value. • China exported 10.2% of its machines to USA in 2017 and it was the highest market share China exported to USA since 2014. • The lowest market share China had in USA was recorded in 2014 at 7.4%. • The lowest value of machines China exported to USA was recorded in 2014 (more than 67.4 million USD). Export from China USA Market Share Growth Percentage Accumulated Growth
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
67,433 7.4%
81,466 9.0%
81,665 9.9%
87,503 10.2%
88,521 8.3%
------
17.2%
0.2%
6.7%
1.2%
------
17.2%
17.5%
24.1%
25.3%
Accumulated Growth 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0%
2014
2015
2016
2017
Accumulated growth
Last Words In terms of import from China, China narrowed its focus to India, Vietnam and USA. The numbers reveal that the growth of these markets since 2014 was more than the growth of the world. In terms of export to China, China increased machine trade from Japan, Germany and South Korea in comparison with the trade it had with the other countries in the world.
2018
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Fastener World News
compiled by Fastener World
Regulations and Measures Trump: Additional Tariff Against Chinese Goods Worth of US$ 200 Billion Has Increased to 25% Since May 10th The tension in trade between China and USA seems to be mounting again. U.S. President Trump tweeted on May 5th that the punitive additional tariff against Chinese goods worth of US$ 200 billion has increased from the initial 10% to 25% since May 10th and he is also considering imposing the additional 25% tariff against other Chinese goods worth of US$ 325 billion currently not included on the list. According to Trump, although the negotiation with China is still in progress, but it goes too slow and he would like to say “no” to China’s intention to make the negotiation start over. Chief representative for the negotiation from China and Vice Premier of PRC’s State Council Liu He arrived in Washington D.C. on May 8th to negotiate with U.S. chief trade representative Robert Lighthizer. Some overseas media conjectured that Trump’s abrupt decision to increase the tariff may be a strategy to exert more pressure to China and force it to offer more favorable conditions.
China Imposes Additional Tariffs Against Goods Imported from USA The U.S. Government announced on May 9th that it has determined to impose a 25% additional tariff against US$ 200 billion worth of goods imported from China effective May 10th (the original tariff was 10%). China then responded that such an act from the U.S. resulted in the increasing tension between both countries and was against the original consensus reached between China and USA to solve trade disputes via negotiations. China also added that such an act will not do any good to both sides and is not what the international community generally expects. Accordingly, The Tariffs Regulations Committee of PRC’s State Council has determined to impose the additional tariffs against certain goods imported from the U.S. effective June 1st, 2019. Below are products relevant to fasteners and tools involved in the list: Items subject to the 25% additional tariff: 73181200 Other Wood Screws, 82042000 Interchangeable socket wrenches. Items subject to the 20% additional tariff: 73181400 Self-tapping Screws, 73181590 Other Screws and Bolts, 73182100 Spring Washers and Other Self-Locking Washers, 73182300 Rivets, 82041100 Hand Operated Spanners and Wrenches Items subject to the 10% additional tariff: 73181100 Coach Screws of Iron or Steel, 73181300 Screw Hooks and Screw Rings of Iron or Steel, 73181510 Screws and Bolts Having Tensile Strength Equal to or More Than 800 MPa With or Without Nuts or Washers, 73181600 Nuts, 73181900 Threaded Articles of Iron or Steel, n.e.s., 73182200 Other Washers, 73182400 Pins and Cotter Pins, 73182900 Other NonThreaded Articles, 82041200 Adjustable Hand-Operated Spanners and Wrenches, 82051000 Hand-Operated Drilling, Threading or Tapping Hand Tools, 82055100 Household Hand Tools, Non-Mechanical, With Working Parts of Base Metal, n.e.s., 82055900 Other Hand Tools, 82059000 Hand Tool Sets.
Industry Updates Fastener Export of China in March Reaches 240,000 Tons, up 43.4% from the Same Period Last Year Fastener export of China in March is shown as below: Data source: China Customs Unit for value: 10,000 RMB
Item
Unit for weight
Iron/steel Or Copper Standard Fasteners
10,000 tons
March
January-March (Cumulative)
Figure in March Compared to the Same Period Last Year (±%)
Figure in JanuaryMarch Compared to the Same Period Last Year (±%)
Weight
Value
Weight
Value
Weight
Value
Weight
Value
24
330,545
72
995,359
43.4%
48.5%
4.5%
12.8%
Taiwan’s Fastener Export Reached New High in 2018 According to the statistics of Taiwan Industrial Fasteners Institute (TIFI), Taiwan’s fastener export volume in 2018 was up to 1.68 million tons (up 5.25% from the same period of 2017) and the export value was US$ 4.846 billion in 2018 (up 12.75% from the same period in 2017). The average price per KG increased by 7.13% to US$ 2.884/KG. TIFI noted that the economic recovery in USA and Germany, the increase in the average price and stable material supply are all main reasons for Taiwan’s record-high fastener export in 2018. The top one fastener export destination of Taiwan in 2018 was USA, followed by Germany (showing around 2% growth from 2017). Up to 41.5% of Taiwan’s fasteners were exported to USA in 2018 (up 7.12% from 2017)
Company Focus Chinese Car Manufacturers Offer Discount to Boost Sales. Shanghai Prime Machinery is Expected to Gain Benefits from This Shanghai Prime Machinery Co., Ltd. (SPM) reported the profit gain of RMB 0.28 bn with a YoY ratio of 10.66% and the revenue of RMB 9.028 bn with a YoY ratio of 6.47%. Its main business – fastener, showed an increasing revenue, which benefited from its acquisition of CP Tech in Aug. 2017. In particular, the automotive fasteners representing 83% of its total fastener sales showed the sales of RMB 5.597 bn last year, a growth of 9.7%. The car sales and production in China appeared to be weak in 2018, which to some extent caused an impact on the demand for automotive components. According to SPM’s President Chou, not only in China, the demand growth in the world also shows a slowdown. It is expected that the increasing demand for related components in Q1 this year will continue to slow down. However, the tax reduction policies of the Chinese Government, the price reduction announced by certain car manufacturers and the incoming car sales boosting measures proposed by the Chinese Government will be definitely helpful to boost car sales and will be beneficial to the company indirectly.
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Robust Sales Drive Shanghai Prime Machinery’s Deployment in Pan Asia FINET (Hong Kong pres) reports the machinery parts maker and service provider, Shanghai Prime Machinery, released its full year sales record for 2018. The group’s revenue last year grew 6.5% to RMB 9.03 billion, with a comprehensive gross profit of 19.7%, down 0.2% from 2017’s 19.9%. The gross profit of the fastener business, the biggest contributor to the group’s revenue, saw a minor decline mostly because the automotive market weakened in China and Europe and the gross profit slipped down due to the price factor. The vice president said the overall gross profit may have slipped a little last year, but the fastener business with an increasing proportion will improve in the future. He said the group is deploying for “Shanghai Prime Machinery- Pan Asia” to target Southeast Asia and India. The general manager said the trade conflict between the U.S. and China has brought bigger uncertainty to the international trade environment. The conflict has a certain level of effect on the group’s export to the U.S. For one, some of the acquisitions may have been suspended. For the other, the group imports a great deal of raw materials from the U.S. and it increased the cost last year. The vice president said the income from exporting to the U.S. used to grow 10% annually. Since the trade conflict, the growth slowed. He said if the U.S. and China could find common ground, the income growth from exporting to the U.S. could return to over 10%.
Japanese OHTAKE Expands Screw Feeder Sales with Its First Overseas Base OHTAKE-ROOT KOGYO is going to expand sales of automated screw feeders used for production lines. The company is to set up a sales base in New Jersy State of the U.S. targeting sales to the U.S., Canada and Latin America. This is the first overses base for the company which is expected to push sales by 260% to JPN 2 billion. The new base will be wholly owned by OHTAKE with a capital investment between JAN 1-2 million. The current goal is to raise sales to JPN 200 million 3 years from now. A s t h e m a i n p r o d u c t o f O H TA K E , the automated screw feeders take up 75% of the total revenues. They are mainly exported to China, South Korea, Taiwan among other Asia Pacific countries, while 3% to 4 % of the export goes to the Americas. These screw feeders are mostly used by the automotive industry. OHTAKE has more customers in the west side of Tokyo, so the the company is considering setting up a base in Tokyo or Sendai.
Japanese Nissei in a Collaborative Rolling Machine Sales Partnership with Italian EVIRT Italia to Co-develop Japan and EU Markets Nissei and EVIRT Italia, both rolling machine makers, coestablished a brand named “Nissei • EVIRT"to co-develop Japan and EU markets. They will first purchase main products from each other to get to know their respective technologies. The main product of Nissei is a series of CNC 2-die rolling machines with up to 30 tons of rolling force, while EVIRT's main product is a lineup of large 2-die rolling machines with up to 120 tons of rolling force. As for 3-die rolling machines, Nissei provides vertical type machines, while EVIRT provides horizontal CNC machines. From now on, they will look for an appropriate way to sell products together.
Würth Revcar Fasteners Celebrates 50th Anniversary
Nedschroef Celebrates 125 Years of Ideas Coming Together This year, it’s exactly 125 years ago that Nedschroef was established by Dutch entrepreneur and founder Hendrik van Thiel. Back in 1894, it was still a family business producing rivets for the shipbuilding industry. Over the course of time, it gradually started shifting the supply of its fasteners to car manufacturers. Today, Nedschroef is seen as a leading engineering and manufacturing partner in forming technologies, offering services that vary from design and production to trading and logistics. With this renewed portfolio, the company aims to fulfil the needs of customers at any point along their supply chain to help advance their business. Throughout history, the people at Nedschroef have always been pioneers, as well as engineers. That is why in 125 years, the company has transformed many great ideas into proven solutions that hold together or help make the products of customers in a wide variety of industries. Besides automotive, these nowadays also include many other business areas such as machinery, racing and aviation. After having turned 100 in 1994, Nedschroef’s heritage was recognized by the House of Orange, by being granted the predicate ‘Royal’. Its 125th anniversary is an even more remarkable milestone, made possible by thousands of dedicated employees and esteemed customers with whom it jointly forms ideas that are put into action. Therefore, 2019 is the year in which Nedschroef is celebrating 125 years of ideas coming together.
Wü r t h Revca r Fast eners, I nc. is celebr at i ng it s 50 t h a n n iversa r y as a lea di ng distributor of fasteners, industrial c o m p o n e n t s a n d ve n d o rmanaged inventory. Original equipment manufacturers (O E M s) b e n e f i t f r o m t h e completely transparent, datad r ive n ve n d or-m a n a ge d inventory program of their fasteners and industrial components with Revcar. On March 10 1969, Revcar, a regional fastener supply store, was founded by Jim Revercomb, Sr. and Jack Carter in Roanoke, Va. A couple of years into the venture, Carter left and Revercomb took over the entirety of the growing business. Looking to expand throughout Virginia, Revcar cultivated a customer base north and east of Roanoke. They opened another branch in Richmond, VA in 1983 to better serve these customers. During this time, Revcar began its foray into vendor-managed inventory, contracting with OEMs to provide their fasteners. In 1996, Würth, another family-owned company from Germany that was looking to establish a presence in the United States, purchased Revcar. With Würth’s name associated with Revcar, the company began to acquire global customers. Würth Revcar’s growth and expansion continued. Today, it has six full-service branch locations in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast and 180 employees. During the past five decades, Würth Revcar has built a tradition of excellence in providing superior customer service to its customers in almost every industry, including heavy equipment, transportation, agriculture, fitness, recreation, lawn/garden, and the military. Looking ahead, to meet the needs of ever-evolving manufacturing industry, Würth Revcar is upgrading various warehousing systems and launching a new state-of-the-art quality program.
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Fastener World News The LISI Group Generated Sales of 445.0 Million Euros in the First Quarter of 2019, up +6.1% Compared to 2018
LISI AEROSPACE: +7.2% (Q1 2018: -15.1%) -Strengthening of the “Fasteners” market in Europe -Consolidation confirmed in non-commercial aviation segments in the United States: a more moderate increase in activity with Boeing (before adjustments to the 737 production rates) -Sustained ramp-up of new engine programs in the “Structural Components” segment -Significant exchange rate effect related to the strengthening of the dollar, which represents +4.0% of Q1 sales
LISI AUTOMOTIVE: +1.4% (Q1 2018: +19.4%) -European and global markets decline in line with Q4 2018 -Integration of the US company Hi-Vol in accordance with the plan -Disposal of Beteo (Germany) since December 31, 2018
LISI MEDICAL: +21.2% (Q1 2018: -20.3%) -Sales increase driven by the minimally invasive surgery sector -Significant exchange rate effect related to the strengthening of the dollar, which represents +3.8% of Q1 sales Assuming stability in most of its end markets the Group aims in 2019 to return to positive organic growth and to exceed its financial performance of 2018 thanks to the management measures already taken and to generate a largely positive Free Cash Flow.
NLMK Metalware Masters the Production of Furniture Fasteners NLMK Metalware, part of NLMK Group’s Long Products Division, is pleased to announce that now it is supplying a new type of steel products - 7x50 mm galvanized furniture fasteners used in the production of cabinet furniture. The first batch of this popular fastener has already been shipped to consumers. Furniture fasteners (confirmat screws) are used for furniture assembly, joinery and in wood construction. They ensure stable joining of parts and are easy to use. The machines of NLMK Metalware’s fasteners shop were equipped with the necessary tools - dies, bushings, punches, etc. to enable the production of furniture fasteners. The plant will produce close to 650 tonnes of confirmat screws annually. Dmitr y Stopkevich, Head of N LMK Russia Long Products Division, said: “Under Strategy 2022, NLMK Metalware focuses on manufacturing high value-added products. The production of furniture fasteners is the first step in this direction. This new product will help the Company enter the segment, in which the share of imports was close to 80% in 2018.” NLMK Metalware is one of the largest producers of metalware in Russia. The company’s product mix includes close to 900 types of wire, screws and nails.
ABC Supply Co. Inc. Promotes Bryan Olson to Managing Director of Mule-Hide Products Co. Inc. Bryan Olson has been promoted to managing director of Mule-Hide Products Co. Inc., a subsidiary corporation of ABC Supply Co. Inc. In this position, Olson will build on the momentum that former President Jonathan Shepard and his team created before Shepard’s promotion to vice president of ABC Supply’s Southwest Region. Prior to his promotion, Olson was the director of merchandising and exterior systems for L&W Supply. Olson joined L&W Supply when the company acquired NexGen Building Supply in May 2018. During his time as general manager of NexGen Building Supply, sales tripled, and the company gained significant market share throughout the Midwest. Olson has also held executive leadership positions in the stone and tile industry after graduating from the University of Kansas. As managing director of Mule-Hide Products, Olson will be responsible for the complete business performance of the company, which offers low-slope roofing products, including membranes, adhesives, sealants and coatings.
PSM Awarded “2018 Quality Improvement Award” by Minth Group PSM has gone through major improvements on Quality aspects during 2018, and has met Minth Group “A” category supplier rating with Quality requirements of not exceeding 20 PPM of defective parts delivered accumulative throughout the whole year of 2018. Hence on 10 Jan 2019, during Minth Group South China Strategic Suppliers Day 2018, PSM was nominated and also awarded the award for “2018 Quality Improvement Award”.
TR Fastenings Picks up Innovation Prize at Fastener Fair Stuttgart TR Fastenings (TR), the global specialist in the design, engineering, manufacture and distribution of industrial fasteners, has been named the winner of Fastener and Fixing (F+F) magazine’s ‘Route to Fastener Innovation 2019’ award for its selfextruding EPW screw. A record 27 products were entered into the competition and the TR screw was announced as the overall winner ahead of two runners up at Fastener Fair Stuttgart on Wednesday 20th March. Designed, manufactured and patented at TR VIC in Italy, the EPW screw is a self-extruding, high strength thread-form fastener which creates its own female thread in punched sheet metal, thereby dramatically reducing assembly times and costs. The screw works by being aligned to the pilot hole in the sheet metal, where it then forms the extruded collar, combining the forming of the thread and the creation of a strong extruded profile, before finally tightening and clamping into the metal. The key benefits of the EPW screw include: • Removable and strong screw joint • High stripping torque • High break loose and prevailing torque • Excellent vibration resistance, meaning it can withstand pressured environments • Combined thread forming and creation of strong extruded profile • Very high radial compression on screw shank • Standard machine screws can be used in the thread created by the EPW screw
PennEngineering® Wins Continental (HBS CHINA) 2018 Supplier of the Year Award PennEngineering, a global leader in the fastening industry, announced that the company’s PennAuto division in China has been recognized as a 2018 Supplier of the Year Award by Continental Brake Systems China. The company was recognized at Continental’s Annual Supplier Conference held in Xiaoshan, ZheJiang Province, on March 15th 2019. Continental is one of the world’s leading automotive tier one suppliers. “PennEngineering is proud to be a global premium supplier for Continental-Schaeffler, and it’s an honor for our PennAuto division to be recognized by Continental as a top-class supplier. We value their partnership and look forward to continuing our high level of quality and service for this global industry leader,” said Qiang Sun, President, PennEngineering Asia. PennAuto has been a key strategic partner with the Chassis and Safety Systems division of Continental China since 2009, supplying a wide range of fasteners and precision components globally. They have won various awards each year since 2013 for quality and technical performance.
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Association News
TIFI Chairman Tsai: Japan Confirmed Withdrawal from The Five Regions Fastener Association Conference The Five Regions Fastener Association Conference previously with 5 members (Taiwan, Japan, S. Korea, China and Hong Kong) has been held for the 20th consecutive year and Taiwan has been appointed to host the next conference scheduled to take place at the Grand Hi-Lai Hotel Kaohsiung on November 14-15, 2019. However, a f ter t he recent wit hd rawal a n nou ncement of Japa n f rom the conference, the conference is very likely to be suspended forever or take place in a different name. TIFI (Taiwan Industrial Fasteners Institute) Chairman said in a recent interview, “The helms of many Japanese enterprises have been gradually taken by the second generation and they prefer technique exchange to general social activities, which they consider to be not quite beneficial in the perspective of technical development. Consequently, in February 2019 the representatives of Japan expressed their decision to withdraw from the conference.” In addition to mailing a formal letter to inform the host country – Taiwan of its decision to withdraw from the conference, the Chairman of the Fastener Institute of Japan (FIJ) and his team also came to visit TIFI Chairman Mr. Tu-Chin Tsai and the management. According to FIJ, they do cherish the solid friendship established with all the Taiwanese friends over the past 3 decades. However, the cost of participating in the conference every year is really high, so they would like to maintain such friendship with Taiwan perhaps in other more feasible exchange activities. S. Korea is also considering withdrawing from the conference and recommends that the conference be held every two years. The 2-day Five Regions Fastener Association Conference welcomes more than 200 participants every year and TIFI Chairman Tu-Chin Tsai is continuing his coordination with existing members from S. Korea, China and Hong Kong to discuss the possibility of reducing the scale of the event for the continuation of such a meaningful event across the regions.
Chairman of The Fasteners Institute of Japan on the Japanese Fastener Industry Performance in 2018 NIKKAN KOGYO SHIMBUN (news media) interviewed Mr. Tubaki Syouitirou, Chairman of The Fasteners Institute of Japan, a while ago on the performance of Japanese fastener industry in 2018. The Chairman said that the production volume and value of fasteners are expected to outpace 2017. The volume will range between 3.2 to 3.3 million tons, and the value will be around JPN 900 billion. Three consecutive years of growth will bring the industry’s performance back to the level prior to the economic crisis in 2008. However, the Japanese fastener industry is in severe condition with shortage of talents and issues with business succession will continue. The Fasteners Institute of Japan will discuss a system to incorporate foreign talents into Japanese fastener manufacturing plants within 2019. The Chairman said the evolution of AI and IoT will push the market to demand entirely different functions for fasteners. Fasteners are literally used everywhere, and say if we were to embed an IC chip into a screw to harvest big data, technically this is not something out of the question. Such screws will take an entirely different design. The Japanese fastener industry must think ahead of the current situation and find a way out. Speaking on the emergence of electric cars, he said developing fasteners of higher strength and higher quality is the way left for the Japanese fastener industry to survive the world market.
2019 IFI Soaring Eagle Awards Recipients Announced in San Antonio, TX At an awards ceremony held during the 2019 Annual Meeting of the Industrial Fasteners Institute (IFI) in San Antonio, Texas, the IFI Soaring Eagle Service Award was presented to Richard P. Delawder, retired from SWD, Inc.; and the IFI Soaring Eagle Technology Award was presented to David C. Goss, P.E., of Acument Global Technologies. The 2019 IFI Soaring Eagle Service Award Recipient is Richard P. Delawder. The IFI Soaring Eagle Service Award recognizes individuals who have contributed outstanding time and effort in the leadership of the Industrial Fasteners Institute and/or contributed to the health and well-being of the entire industrial fastener industry. The 2019 Soaring Eagle Technology Award Recipient is David C. Goss, P.E. The IFI Soaring Eagle Technology Award recognizes individuals who have extensive experience in the industrial fastener industry and who have made significant contributions to the technological advancement of the industry. Contributions may be through extensive work on fastener standards committees; the publication of widely acclaimed principles or documents; and/or through the development of fastener-related equipment, products or processes which have been widely acknowledged as advancements in fastener technology.
Industrial Fasteners Institute (IFI) Elects New Chairman and Vice Chairman The Industrial Fasteners Institute (IFI), held its Annual Meeting in San Antonio, TX on March 9-12, 2019. The newly elected Chairman for the period 2019-2020 is Mr. Manny DeSantis of Valley Fastener Group, LLC; and the newly elected Vice Chairman is Mr. Kevin Johnson of Birmingham Fastener, Inc. In addition to Mr. DeSantis and Mr. Johnson, the Board of Directors also includes: • Preston Boyd, TRAMEC Hill Fastener • Wayne Drysol, 3V Fastening Systems (CAM) • Don Kubkowski, Sems and Specials, Inc. • Chris Rink, Prestige Stamping, LLC • Jeff Liter, Wrought Washer Mfg., Inc. • Paula Tognetti, MNP Corporation • Michele Clarke, Valley Forge & Bolt Mfg. Co. • David Hebert, Freeway Corporation • Pat Wells, The Young Engineers, Inc. • Brian Bonebrake, Johnstown Wire Technologies Inc. • Owe Carlsson, Arconic Fastening Systems Division Chairs for IFI are: Div. I – Industrial Products: Brian Stark, Rockford Fastener, Inc. Div. II – Aerospace Fastener Products: Pat Wells, The Young Engineers, Inc. Div. III – Automotive Industry Fastener Group: Dan Curtis, MacLean-Fogg Company Associate Suppliers’ Division: Brian Bonebrake, Johnstown Wire Technologies, Inc.
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138 China Fastener World no.56/2019
FASTENERS SYNERGISM
China Fastener World no.56/2019
Technology 139 by Jozef Dominik
If we talk about quality, we often forget the importance of the organization of production. In particular, the relationship of “ construction - logistics - assembly ” is very important. There must be coordination between these three factors. We are expertly talking about fasteners synergism.
What is the “Fasteners Synergism” Synergism, from Greek synergos, is understood as the cooperation or interaction of discrete factors or conditions such that the total effect is greater than the sum of the individual effects (Aristoteles). This can be seen in the example of screw connections (Fig. 1.) Only the interplay of the displayed three factors “ design – logistic - assembly ” will ensure a quality product and economic and environment production. In this hierarchy, construction plays a dominant role. Not only the product's technical parameters, but also its production efficiency, safety and environmental impact depend on the designer. As shown in Fig. 1, the engineer needs feedback from logistics and especially from assembly to optimize its design. This is very important. He can't work in isolation. Traditional factors affecting screw joints are: Mechanical properties (Rel, Rm)
Surface pressing
Friction coefficient
Tigthening method
(Fig. 1) These factors are an important but not the only one criterion for a successful design. As shown in Fig. 1 (source: SKF) construction is the third most common cause of screw connection defects. In the next texts are some tips and tricks that could improve the unf lattering position of the designer and reduce the negative assembly balance in this ranking.
Operating conditions
(Fig. 2)
Tips and Tricks: 1. Flange nut instead of washer + spring washer combination (Fig. 3)
(Fig. 3)
Advantages: fewer interfaces
simpler logistics and assembly
compact connection lower surface pressure (surface pressure limit of various materials. Table Nr. 1)
Material
Norm
steel
C15 C35 C45 Rm 900 N/mm 2 Rm 1200 N/mm 16MnCr5
Surface pressing [N/mm 2 ] 300 500 600 900 1200 1800
（A）
（B）
2. Nuts-free bolting Such a variant is used mainly for automatic assembly in car manufacturing for example. Although they have a more complicated shape than normal screws (Fig. 4), their advantage lies in their simple assembly because they require only one mounting direction and in simple logistics.
（Table Nr. 1）
(Fig. 4)
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Technology A special case of nuts-free bolting are trilobular rolling screws (Fig. 5). Creating vibration resistant assemblies, eliminating the cutting of internal threads in ductile materials such as steel and aluminum, high strength of connection, thus lowering the cost of assembly are their biggest advantages.
(Fig. 5)
3. Exact assembly and optimization of tightening groove geometry Tightening accuracy is defined by a factor αA (Table Nr. 2). The lower it is, the more precise the tightening and the less the scattering of the prestressing force (Fig. 6) which makes it possible to reduce dimensions of screws. Tightening groove geometry affects the amount of torque transmitted and the life of the tightening tool. In this respect, the six rounds in Fig. 7 is much better than a classic hexagon.
P
α
A = FM max./FM min (FM – assembly force) （Table Nr. 2）
（Fig. 6. µ - friction coefficient）
(Fig. 7)
4. Application of polyfunctional fasteners elements Polyfunctionality means the ability of a fastener to perform multiple functions at once. In Fig. 8 are two typical polyfunctional screws exemplified. The trilobular screws of Fig. 5 belong to polyfunctional screws, too. The difference lies in the thread production technology.
5. Unified fasteners and on technology oriented design
(Fig. 8)
Unified structural parts are considerably cheaper than specially manufactured components. The current fasteners market provides designers with a wide range of choices, so in most cases it is not dependent on special production. If necessary, it is important that the ununified element can be produced by conventional techniques. Interactive collaboration of designers with logistics and assembly is particularly important in this case.
Summary The quality of screw joints is determined by the synergistic effect of three important categories: construction - logistics - assembly. Although
designers play a dominant role in this hierarchy only their interactive synergy gives a prerequisite for successful and competitive construction.
A Spectrum of Fasteners I
n considering a ‘spectrum’ of fasteners, i t m i g h t b e r e a s o n a bl e t o p l a c e ‘permanent’ fasteners at one end and ‘non permanent’ at the other. A definition of ‘permanent’ could mean a rivet on a ship’s hull or fastener for a luggage case handle. ‘Non permanent’ fasteners could be a vehicle seat belt fixing or a simple spring clip. The middle ground of the spectrum would include the range of ‘flexible’ fasteners as described in a previous Fastener World article. Of course, the term ‘permanent’ fasteners would include all the growing range of ‘security’ fixings which are specially defined to be ‘tamper-proof.’ These would be graded into the types of fasteners which were impossible to remove without being destroyed and those which could be removed if the correct tooling were available. Interestingly, whilst the connotation of ‘security’ fasteners c on ju r es t he d esi r e for ‘a n t i-va n d a l’ protection, it is probable that far more security fasteners are designed to prevent unauthorised access to the inner workings of items such as: smart phones, white goods and machine control systems. Moving further along the spectrum, the term ‘semi permanent’ fasteners are used to describe the vast multitude of screws, nuts and bolts which once employed would never be expected to be removed but if necessary could be. These include fasteners used in steel work construction, anchors in concrete, long and short wood screws along with nails and fitments for any and every situation. Next would be the ‘f lexible’ fasteners described previously. In many cases, these would be ‘permanent’ in the sense that they would remain embedded in the role for the life of the requirement but could also translate and/or rotate within the six degrees of freedom along or around the three cartesian axes. A good example would be the rubber mounted suspension/steering joints found on most passenger vehicles. At t he ext reme end of t he fastener spectrum would lie the ‘non permanent’ fixtures. Simple consideration of every day life indicates how numerous and varied these are. For example, fridge magnets, symbolic wall mounted magnetic year planners, double sided tape, adhesive non setting tack etc., etc.,
by Peter Standring
etc.. Any serious attempt to ‘classify’ this end of the spectrum would require many sub–sub sections. To simplify matters, in this article, ‘non permanent’ fasteners will be confined to metal based products in which their functional requirements have a ‘safety’ element. Figure One provides an illustration of the fastener ‘spectrum.’ The scale of the ‘spectrum’ is not in anyway indicative of the size or relative importance of one section to another. It simply serves to represent the types and variety of the family of fasteners in the context of their use. It is the two ends of the fastener spectrum which will be discussed here.
Permanent Security
Semi permanent Construction
Flexible
Non permanent
Six degrees of freedom
Catches Clips
Tamper- Anti- Engineering General purpose proof vandal Figure 1
A proposed ‘spectrum’ of fasteners
Security Fasteners It is a simple matter to design a threaded fastener (nut or screw) where the torque it is tightened to is the same as the shear–yield stress of the material the part is made from. Without any evidence to support the claim, this practical knowledge must have been obtained long before people were able to calculate and predict the loadings at which this occurred! Moreover, as most folks will have discovered, when a tap or a screw shears, the repair job will take significantly longer and more effort to remove it than the initial task. There are many examples throughout history when one or a number of quick thinking individuals recognised that a failure could be turned into an asset. As mentioned previously in an article discussing the Archimedean Screw (“Following the Thread”, Fastener World Issue 168, Jan/Feb 2018, pp 326 - 330) someone watching a fruit or a shoe being translated in the water column could have realised that if the screw rotated in a threaded body (a nut) then one of the elements would translate relative to the other. The design of anti-vandal fastening devices is primarily based on the design of the driver used to apply the action. The fastener is often a threaded screw although it could be a spring clip. Figure Two shows how the torque required to tighten a thread is unidirectional meaning that using these head designs, it would be impossible to generate any force when trying to remove it.
Figure 2 Right hand (clockwise) head design
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Companies working in the field have developed designs where using special purpose tooling this type of fastener can be removed. For the casual vandal, such fastening devices are a hundred percent successful in deterring damage. However, for the independent repairer of electrical or electronic devices often costing many hundreds of US dollars, the failure to obtain the correct tools to remove a cover means zero opportunity for business. Of course in such situations if the customer requiring a repair must use an OEM authorised outlet, then the price will be commensurate with the service – generally very expensive. A common way to describe security fasteners of the threaded type is to call them, One Way (fixed) as in Figure Two, or Two Way (removeable). On the One Way type, in Figure Two or when the driving element (normally the head) shears off at the desired clamping load, a successful application will have been achieved. Of course exactly the same principle when applied to a ‘shear pin’ coupling two axial driving shafts together would indicate complete failure. Without any supporting evidence it is highly likely that One Way fasteners resulted from the product of failure to unscrew early type fastener heads. ‘Caming out’ or shearing the back edge of a simple slotted head screw (when trying to remove it along with shearing of the head) must have been the pain of most users – as indeed they still are today. Again, some resourceful souls, probably those having a philosophy of a glass being half full rather than half empty, will have recognised how this type of failure could be turned into a commercial success by simply manufacturing them. Unlike the fastener designs shown in Figure Two, most vandal proof security fasteners utilise common head drive design like Phillips, Torx, Hex, Square etc. but with a small pin upstanding in the centre. Shown in Figure Three, this simple device makes it impossible to use a standard tool to influence the fastener but using a modified tool, it can be removed hence the Two Way security fastener. So common is this method, some fastener manufacturers will provide their customers with a gua ranteed, completely unique driver/tool design, for the right price of course. Such specialist items a re now quite com monplace
and can be found on most ‘branded’ golf equipment like the threaded fasteners on drivers and woods. These require special torque wrenches to achieve change or adjustment. The use of two pin wrenches are also used to fasten cleats to spiked golf shoes.
Figure 3 Upstanding pin makes the use of standard tools impossible.
The use of pins, nails, staples etc., are probably the most common types of nonthreaded ‘permanent’ fasteners. In our ecoconscious world this now includes wooden nails, power tool driven into laminated wooden buildings, as replacements for standard metal based fasteners. Perhaps the joint designs of medieval wooden constructions will remerge as a centrepiece of future sustainable living? The use of split pins to lock nuts and keys to prevent shaft/item rotation, along with circlips (constraints rings) to ensure no translation takes place, are all types of semi permanent non threaded fasteners.
Non Permanent Fasteners All restrain harnesses from baby buggies to parachutes use non permanent fasteners. Naturally their role is to secure people and things, most often during transit and then to effect a release when needed to do so. Such release mechanisms are normally termed ‘quick’ although the speed of action is generally commensurate with the urgency behind it. Unhooking a child from a car seat in a parking lot may be awkward for the parent but it wouldn’t be considered as being too urgent – depending of course on the circumstances! On the other hand the activation of an ejector seat in a jet airplane must be rapid enough to the fire the unfortunate aircrew well clear within perhaps fractions of a second.
Quick release mechanisms a re also fou nd on all ma nually operated (non CNC) machines where a nut translated by a leadscrew must drop out precisely when required to do so. The same is true for mecha nical, pneu matic/ hyd raulic workholding devices and for latches, locks and all devices which secure gates, doors and entrance/exits. Clearly, in many situations such non permanent fixing devices would/could be considered as ‘flexible’ fasteners since to operate, they need to move as in the case of a simple bolt. However, a subtle distinction may be made between say a rifle bolt which would require first a rotation followed by a translation to achieve its function. Once a round had been fired the cycle would be repeated. The comparison with a similar bolt which secured the door of a premises would not be considered as being ‘flexible’, since when locked, the bolt could reasonably be expected to remain in that condition for some time but not permanently.
Conclusions A ‘permanent’ fastener must be one in which the design function required is never changed. Drilling out a rivet will naturally remove the fastening element and therefore destroy the function. Similarly a One Way threaded fastener could be removed if it had a centre hole drilled through it without damaging the thread. Then an opposite handed tapered threaded tool could be used to extract the headless element thus rendering it non-permanent but of course that would mean it would be inappropriate for further use. In all other cases considered in the fastener spectrum, it is the timeline which determines the fastener f unction. The various methods and systems employed in the fastening process by dint of there only being six degrees of freedom must therefore be the same. For that reason, it is the balance between speed of operation, environment of use and specific design function which determines where a fastener will be placed on the spectrum. An excellent example is that shown in Figure Four. As can be seen, both parts are quite old spring loaded carabiner used with ropes for climbing and securing loads. On the left is a simple clip on device which is quick acting. The one on the right is fundamentally the same except this also includes a knurled threaded cap nut which can be screwed across the moveable element
to secure it ‘permanently’. In use, the right hand carabiner is employed by the climber to secure the body harness which remains fixed during the climb whilst the quick attachment and release type on the left, forms a collection of jangling devices clipped to the harness and used as climbing aids during the activity. It is interesting to note that whilst scientific discovery is at the forefront of creating the world in which we live – Figure 4 Spring loaded carabiner (left), nut secured (right) (courtesy KMS) just note the many spin-offs which have resulted from the exploration of Space – on a practical level, ‘Necessity’ is still the Mother of many inventions. At one level are disenfranchised people who require the basics of water, food and medicine to survive. Often it falls to students working with Non Government Organisations (NGO’s) who try to provide low cost solutions to these problems and in doing so come up with interesting ideas for fasteners. Poles apart are those who often dwell on the fringes of rich societies and who dedicate their lives (quite literally) to advancing the obsession they have to ‘extreme sports’ e.g. base jumping etc.. Working with often very limited resources and where legal issues are involved, sometimes in secrecy, these people who act as their own life/death test houses, make remarkable contributions in pushing the boundaries of possibility way beyond any which the vast majority of people would ever dream of. Titanium ice screws, microlight aircraft, hang gliding and the so many more recent developments of seemingly crazy sports which have now become, or are in the process of becoming mainstream, enter the mind. This must be fertile ground for those seeking to commercially develop what tomorrows fasteners may look like and be required to provide?
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Treatments & Tests of
Electroplated Coatings on Steel Fasteners by Wei-Ming Wang
Introduction Fasteners play the role of hardware joint part(s). The hardware joins two or more objects together, and this affixing is crucial to the fabrication of numerous products across the expanse of industries. Unlike welds, fasteners are not permanent generally. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s no surprise that hardware joints and objects shall exist in harmony that the detrimental changes of physical and chemical properties between joints, such as welds and fasteners, and objects need to be considered. The effect of its performance should extend far beyond shapes and sizes of hardware joints and objects. In the use of fasteners, the fasteners should be exposed to air or their working environments. In the atmosphere of air or working environments there shall be certain corrosion conditions to cause the chemical reaction of materials. In the phenomena of detrimental corrosion there shall be negative status to physical performance. After the surface treatment, the appearance, optical, or electrical performance of fasteners should be improved. It is important that the capability of anti-rust and corrosion resistance should be increased and strengthened. The service life of product is also improved by the surface treatment. Most fasteners are made of steel material in the form of iron alloy phase. If there is no protection of appropriate metals, materials or bonding other chemicals, the iron alloy shall be attacked easily, reacted, deteriorated to be corroded. The main techniques of surface treatments for fasteners include Conversion coating such as phosphate coating or chromate coating, electroless plating, electoplating, galvanizing, anodizing, painting, etc. Electroplating is the process of plating one metal onto another through hydrolysis, and itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s often necessary for fasteners because they, whether in the form of bolts, screws, nuts, or studs, are composed of steel. The interaction and application between electoplating coatings and other coatings become the electroplated coating systems. the quality of electoplating coatings and electroplated coating systems result in the performance of surface treatments. Therefore,
electoplating coating and electroplated coating system may be the key to dominating the value of fasteners.
Characteristics of Electroplated Coating Systems Coating of Metals or Alloys on Fasteners Electroplated coating systems for steel fasteners are primarily applied for corrosion protection and functional properties, such as torque/clamp force relationship. In addition, other functional properties or decorative properties can be specified such as chemical resistance, electrical conductivity, galvanic corrosion, and cleanliness. Table 1 shows commonly used electroplated coatings in relation with their main purposes and references to related ISO standards. The schematic representation for build-up of basic electroplated coating systems is shown in Figure 1. A conversion coating increases corrosion protection on zinc, zinc alloys and cadmium coatings. It may be a passivation (chromium VI free) or a chromatation (chromium VI containing). The conversion coating can also provide better adhesion for additional layer(s) and/or additional color/paint. An additional sealant/top coat (with or without integral lubricant) may be chosen to increase corrosion resistance and to achieve other specific properties (e.g., torque/clamp force properties, resistance to chemicals, mechanical resistance, aspect, color, thermal stability, increased electrical resistance, UV radiation resistance). The selection of the nature of a sealant or top coat should be based on desired additional properties. An additional lubricant may be applied to adjust or amend the torque/clamp force relationship.
1
2
3
4
5 Additional Lubricant
Additional Lubricant
Sealant/Top Coat
Sealant/Top Coat
Conversion Coating
Conversion Coating
Conversion Coating
Conversion Coating
Metal Layer(S)
Metal Layer(S)
Metal Layer(S)
Metal Layer(S)
Metal Layer(S)
Basic Metal
Basic Metal
Basic Metal
Basic Metal
Basic Metal
Figure 1. Schematic representation for build-up of basic electroplated coating systems
Table 1. Coatings combination in accordance with their main purposes and related ISO standards Electroplated Coating + Inorganic Coatings Metallic Coating Electroplated coatings of nickel, nickel + chromium, copper + nickel and of copper + nickel + chromium Zinc on iron or steel
None or plus inorganic
ISO 2081
Zinc and zinc alloys on iron or steel with Cr(VI)-free treatment
None or plus inorganic
ISO 19598
None or inorganic
ISO 2082
Cadmium on iron or steel Electroplated coatings of tin Electrodeposited silver and silver alloy Electrodeposited gold and gold alloy coatings Electroplated coatings of nickel plus chromium on plastics materials Electroplated coatings of nickel for engineering purposes Electrodeposited coatings of chromium for engineering purposes Electroplated coatings of tin-lead Electrodeposited zinc alloys with nickel, cobalt or iron
Inorganic Coating
ISO Standard
Inorganic
ISO 1456
None
ISO 2093
None or plus inorganic
ISO 4521
None
ISO 4524-3, ISO 4524-6
None
ISO 4525
None
ISO 4526
None or plus inorganic
ISO 6158
None
ISO 7587
None or plus inorganic
ISO 15726
Electrodeposited nickel-ceramics composite coatings None or plus inorganic Electrodeposited gold and gold alloy coatings for electrical, None electronic and engineering purposes Other Coating + Inorganic Coatings
ISO 19487
Metallic Coating
ISO 27874
Inorganic Coating
ISO Standard
Autocatalytic (electroless) nickel-phosphorus alloy coatings
None or plus inorganic
ISO 4527
Mechanically deposited coatings of zinc Autocatalytic nickel over autocatalytic copper for electromagnetic shielding
None or plus inorganic
ISO 12683
None or plus inorganic
ISO 17334
Electroplated Coating Processes The type and geometry of the fasteners should be considered when selecting a coating system and the related coating process as well as hydrogen embrittlement considerations. The issues for type and geometry of the fasteners should be the following. • Threads of fasteners; • Fasteners with captive washer; • Washers and similar fasteners; • Fasteners with adhesive or patch; • Prevailing torque nuts; • Fasteners with recess, internal drive, cavity or hole; • Screws which form their own mating threads; • Clips and retaining rings. Before selecting a coating system, all functions and conditions of the assembly should be considered and not just the fastener. The functional properties of assembly should be taken into consideration such as assemblability, mountability, chemical resistance, electrical conductivity, galvanic corrosion, cleanliness, etc. Electroplated coating systems can be applied in bulk
process using barrels or in rack process. Top coats are usually applied using a dip-spin process. Electroplating for fasteners is generally a mass process. When lots of small quantities are to be coated, a suitable coating line and/or process can be necessary in order to achieve the required properties and performances for the coated fasteners. For fasteners of large size or mass, or when the risk of thread damage is to be reduced or avoided, rack processing instead of bulk/barrel processing may be considered. When top coats are applied, the curing process (especially with higher temperature and/or longer duration) can have a detrimental effect on the properties/performances of fasteners, e.g. for cold worked fasteners, for fasteners with threads rolled after heat treatment where intentionally introduced residual stresses may be reduced, for prevailing torque nuts with non-metallic inserts. Sealants and/or top coats are generally intended to improve the corrosion resistance of zinc based coating systems. If chemical resistance is required, organic top coats applied on electroplated coating systems are typically more resistant against acids and alkaline chemical than inorganic top coats or sealants. The electrical conductivity of electroplated coating systems with a sealant is generally sufficient for application of electrophoretic coatings and antistatic purposes. Electroplated coating systems in combination with sealants and top coats are usually not suitable for electrical grounding. In order to reduce the risk of galvanic corrosion, each part of the assembly should be considered (coated fasteners and clamped parts). A direct metal contact of coated fasteners with non-coated clamped parts should be avoided, especially for stainless steel, aluminium, magnesium, copper or copper alloys, carbon fiber materials, and carbon filled rubber. Due to their higher insulating effect, organic top coats can
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improve the resistance against galvanic corrosion. The most suitable measure to reduce the risk of galvanic corrosion is to select a coating or coating system for the fastener with the same or a similar electrical potential compared to the clamped parts.
The susceptibility to IHE increases with increasing hardness of the fastener material. Kinds of Clean, Pretreatment or Post-coating treatments of iron or steel to reduce the risk of hydrogen embrittlement of ISO standard should be recommended in Table 2.
Internal Hydrogen Embrittlement (IHE)
Table 2. Recommended treatments to reduce the risk of hydrogen embrittlement of ISO standard
Hyd rogen embr it tlement is t he coati ng process of electroplated coating systems by which hydrideforming metals become brittle and fracture due to the introduction and subsequent diffusion of hydrogen into the metal. Susceptibility to hydrogen-induced cracking (‘embrittlement’) is often a result of the introduction of hydrogen during forming, coating, plating, cleaning, and finishing operations, often referred to as ‘internal embrittlement’. Hydrogen also may be introduced over time (so-called ‘external embrittlement’ through environmental exposure (soils and chemicals, including water), corrosion processes (especially galvanic cor rosion), cathodic protection, and/or from hydrogen generated by corrosion of a coating.
Treatment
ISO Standard
Pretreatment
ISO 9587
Post-coating treatments
ISO 9588
Cleaning and preparation of metal surfaces for ferrous metals and alloys Cleaning and preparation of metal surfaces for non-ferrous metals and alloys
ISO 27831-1 ISO 27831-2
Appropriate measures for prevention of IHE for quenched and tempered fasteners depending on hardness are specified in ISO 4042:2018. It is shown in Table 3. Measures related to IHE in accordance with ISO 898-1, ISO 898-2, ISO 898-3 are listed in Table 4 for the fastener hardness between 360 HV and 390 HV.
There is a risk of Internal Hydrogen Embrittlement (IHE) if the three following conditions are concurrently present for fasteners:
When electroplating fasteners with specified maximum hardness above 390 HV, baking is required.
• with high tensile strength or hardness or which have been case hardened and tempered or cold worked to high hardness,
ISO 898-1, ISO 898-2 and ISO 898-3 and ISO 4042:2018 apply.
• which are under tensile stress, and • which have absorbed hydrogen.
Table 3. Measures related to IHE for quenched and tempered fasteners with regard to hardness 360HV
390HV
A
B
C
No supplemental process verification or product testing with regard to IHE AND No baking necessary
Supplemental process verification and/ or product testing with regard to IHE OR Baking (at the choice of the fastener manufacturer)
Supplemental process verification and/ or product tests with regard to IHE AND Baking (baking temperature and duration shall be specified)
Table 4. Measures related to IHE in accordance with ISO 898-1, ISO 898-2, ISO 898-3 Bolts. screws, studs in accordance with ISO 898-1 Measures related to IHE
Property class ≦ 9.8
10.9
12.9 and 12.9.
A
B
C
Property class Nuts in accordance with ISO 898-2
≦ 12 Nuts with specified maximum hardness ≦ 360 HV
Nuts with specified maximum hardness ≧ 360 HV
A
B
Measures related to IHE Flat washers in accordance with ISO 898-3 Measures related to IHE
Property class ≦ 200HV
300 HV
380HV
A
B
C
Supplementary Treatments When baking is performed, baking conditions including temperature and duration shall be based on fastener material properties, electroplating process, and coating material. Baking is usually performed before application of a conversion coating and/or before application of an additional sealant/top coat. In case of passivations (with or without sealant) and depending on baking temperature, baking in the passivated and/or sealed condition may be suitable, provided that corrosion resistance is not impaired. The minimum baking temperature and duration factors are temperature, duration, permeability of the coating and coating thickness. For susceptible fasteners (e.g. with hardness/ core hardness above 390 HV) that are zinc electroplated, 8h to 10h at 190 °C to 220 °C is a minimum recommended baking duration. The common practice of baking zinc electroplated fasteners for 4h at approximately 190 °C is inadequate for extracting hydrogen because zinc is an effective barrier to hydrogen diffusion. It has been shown that a baking duration of 4h can even be detrimental and can lead to occasional failures. P r op e r t y cla ss 10.9 fa st e n e r s t h a t a r e c or r e c t ly manufactured to the intended material and metallurgical properties, as specified in ISO 898-1, are not susceptible to fail
due to lHE, and do not need to be baked. Property class 10.9 fasteners are sometimes baked as a precaution against manufacturing errors or out-ofcontrol process that could render the material susceptible. The maximum temperature and duration used in a baking process are limited by the following considerations. It should not exceed the temperature at which the fasteners were originally tempered, and should not impair the performance of the coating. Excess of temperature and/ or duration can impair the beneficial effect of thread rolling after heat treatment. Zinc electroplated parts are usually baked at a temperature not higher than 220 °C. Cadmium electroplated parts are usually baked to a temperature not higher than 200 °C. Baking criteria as specified in ISO 2081, ISO 9588 and ISO 19598 may be the references and recommendation to reduce the risk of IHE. Case-hardened and tempered fasteners include self-tapping screws (see ISO 2702), thread-forming screws for metallic materials, self-drilling screws (see ISO 10666) and screws for soft materials (e.g. plastic, wood). The surface of these screws is usually intentionally hardened to fulfil their specific functions. Requirements for case-hardened and tempered fasteners (except for self-tapping screws and screws for soft materials) are specified in Table 5 (except self-tapping screws and screws for soft materials). Requirements for self-tapping screws and screws for soft materials are specified in Table 6.
Table 5. Measures related to IHE for case-hardened and tempered fasteners Case-hardened and tempered fasteners
Measures related to IHE
Core Hardness ≦370 HV
＞370 HV
B
C
Supplemental process verification with regard to IHE AND Product testing and/or baking
Supplemental process verification with regard to IHE AND Product testing and/or baking AND Product testing for each manufacturing Iot
Table 6. Measures related to self-tapping screws and screws for soft materials Self-tapping screws and screws for soft materials
Measures related to IHE
Core Hardness ≦390 HV
＞390 HV
B
C
Supplemental process verification with regard to IHE AND Product testing and/or baking
Supplemental process verification with regard to IHE AND Product testing and/or baking AND Product testing for each manufacturing Iot
Corrosion Protection and Tests Corrosion resistance is considered to be a product characteristic that can be altered as a consequence of the following factors such as physical damage to the coating from handling and transportation, and oxidation of the coating or reaction with the environment during transportation and storage. The frequency and duration of wetting and service temperatures, contact with corrosive chemicals and contact with other metals and materials (galvanic corrosion/contact corrosion) can influence the protective performance of coatings. Coatings of zinc, zinc alloys and cadmium provide cathodic protection to the steel basis metal. In contrast, It can intensify corrosion of the fastener if the coating is damaged or
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pitted and metals & coatings cannot provide cathodic protection (e.g. nickel, copper, silver). Accelerated tests are commonly used to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the coating system. The neutral salt spray test (NSS) in accordance with ASTM B117, ISO 9227, DIN 50021, or JIS Z2371 is used to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the coating system. Sulfur dioxide test (Kesternich test) is intended for outdoor building fasteners with zinc based coating systems. DIN 50018, ISO 6988 ,ISO 3231, ASTM G87 or ASTM G85 Annex 4 should be applied if specified. The other test methods may be applied such as AASS (Acetic Acid Salt Spray), CASS(Copper Accelerated Acetic Acid Salt Spray) to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the coating system. The corrosion protection of an electroplated coating system depends to a considerable extent on the thickness of the metal layer(s). Conversion coatings and/or sealants/top coats on zinc, zinc-iron, zinc-nickel and cadmium coatings provide protection against coating metal corrosion (formation of white corrosion).,thus providing additional protection against basis metal corrosion. Coating thickness has a significant influence on gaugeability and assemblability; therefore thread tolerance and clearance in the thread shall be taken into account. The coating shall not
cause the zero line to be exceeded in the case of external threads, nor shall it fall below in the case of internal threads. One of the test methods shall be used to determine the local thickness of the metal layer(s) in Table 7. The coated fastener shall be free from blisters. Delamination and uncoated areas which can adversely affect the corrosion protection. Local excess of coating (e.g. in the case of top coats) shall not impair functional properties (gaugeability, torque/clamp force relationship, etc.). It is possible to add dyes/pigments to the passivation or chromatation solution in order to give a colored aspect to the conversion layer often used for distinction purposes. Dyes/pigments may also be added to sealants/top coats to obtain colored surfaces. If the environment temperature of fastener use is taken into consideration, elevated temperature can affect the corrosion protection of coated fasteners. Corrosion resistance related to temperature should be carried out. The corrosion resistance may be tested after a specified heating cycle. Temperature and duration shall be agreed upon, e.g.1 cycle & 1h at 120 °C, 1 cycle per 2h to 24h at 120 °C, 1 cycle 1h at 150°C. After heating the fasteners at part temperature for a specified cycle, the corrosion resistance shall still be the specified requirements.
Table 7. Test methods for determining the local thickness of the metal layer(s) Test methods
Standard
Remark
X-ray techniques
ISO 3497
Coulometric method
ISO 2177
This method should not be used when additional non-conductive layers are present
Microscopic method
ISO 1463
On any area(s) of the fastener
Magnetic inductive techniques
ISO 2178
Before addition of any sealant and/or lubricant this method can also be used to determine the total local thickness
Eddy current (phase sensitive) testing
ISO 21968
Torque/clamp force relationship may be determined with electroplated coating systems including sealants and/or top coats with integral lubricant and/or subsequently added lubricant. The test method shall be agreed in accordance with other relevant technical specifications, e. g. fasteners with ISO metric thread is in accordance with ISO 16047. When required, the presence or absence of Cr(VI) shall be determined in accordance with ISO 3613:2010. The following mandatory tests shall be carried out for each lot of fasteners: • coating thickness; • gaugeability/assemblability of fasteners; • appearance. The following tests are not intended to be applied for each fastener lot but shall be used for in-process control: • corrosion resistance: NSS test, sulfur dioxide test or alternatively; • supplemental/additional process verification with regard to IHE. In-process control may be used to be final test results the same as the final process control. Corrosion resistance related to temperature, Torque/clamp force relationship, determination of presence or absence of hexavalent chromium are all the integral performance of fasteners with Electroplated Coating System. Reference: ISO 4042:2018 Fasteners -- Electroplated coating systems ISO 9587:2007 Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Pretreatment of iron or steel to reduce the risk of hydrogen embrittlement ISO 9588:2007 Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Post-coating treatments of iron or steel to reduce the risk of hydrogen embrittlement ISO 27831-1:2008 Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Cleaning and preparation of metal surfaces -- Part 1: Ferrous metals and alloys ISO 27831-2:2008 Metallic and other inorganic coatings -- Cleaning and preparation of metal surfaces -- Part 2: Non-ferrous metals and alloys.
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