EHLK - Vibe September issue

Pschyc ward – Know your Rapist, and get that time window…

Centerfold – The Rebel train Surfers

Feature – DJ Mosby

A DEADLY DUO

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Using methods like the FBI profilers to predict behavior patterns in serial killers , police forensic psychologists have identified four profiles of rapists defined by Motive style of attack and psychosexual characteristics. Identify who you are dealing with if you seem to find yourself in a tangled up situation‌ The four profiles are

The power Assertive This man has a macho image of himself, he is usually very athletic and this type you would find more in a date rape situation than any other, He typically meets his victim in a bar or night club. He never targets a specific woman, he rather uses his technique to scope the scene and find a suitable opportunity that might arise. He is also the type that does not go out to date rape, but is always prepared to make the move when he sees an opportunity arise. He will offer you a lift home, or to his place and even seem sincere and in such a way that he will most probably win your trust.

He is physically aggressive and will use the amount of force needed to control you in any way possible degrading or obscene language , a weapon, or even slapping and punching , but this type does not kill.

Begging and Crying will only arouse him more, so if you intend on resist, you would have to fight and scream as hard as you can to get away. He tends to bruise and are very reckless most of the time, therefore they get caught much easier. These men are only 44 % of rape cases in South Africa.

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Anger-retaliatory rapist This man feels a lot of animosity towards woman and wants to punish and degrade them any chance he gets, often he is a substance abuser as well , he is impulsive and has an explosive temper. He looks for an opportunity to commit the rape rather than a specific victim . He Attacks spontaneously and brutalizes the woman into submission 30% of rapists fall into this profile, he will most likely grab you from behind and drag you into the bushes, his car or any nearby hiding place , he will then beat you near unconsciousness before even touching you to commit the rape. Any level of resistance my well enrage him even more and cause him to beat the hell out of you until he gets what he wants, though keep in mind he is not looking to kill you specifically, but his beatings can be fatal . You do not want to challenge this type, you could try to escape . if you cannot get aware or incapacitate the assailant it is best to submit and try to limit the level of violence and assault to the extend that you can, and rather stay focused on key information that you can give the police, like scratching as hard as you can to induce skin under your nails, maybe pulling hair, and ensure that you get to your local police station within 3 hours of the event to ensure that all mucus and sperm are still fresh enough to test.

Anger –excitation rapist A sadist- who derives sexual gratification form inflicting pain . He is typically charming and intelligent . the crime is premeditated and rehearsed methodically in his mind before it is attempted . His victims may or may not be strangers, and he will keep them hostage for a while for his own arousal before raping them, this type usually videotapes or records his victims while inflicting pain, and this also sets as an arousal for him. This type of rapist takes out only 5 % of rapes in SA, but he is usually the most sophisticated and not easily ever caught.

He usually kills his victim after rape and disposes of the body, then moves on to the next victim.

He will tie you up and keep you locked up, talking your way out of this one is not a method to attempt , tricking him rather would give you a window of time to escape.

Power reassurance rapist He lacks the self confidence and interpersonal skills to develop relationships with woman. He is passive an nonathletic , lives or works near his victim and preselects . He uses minimal force and will rather threaten with a weapon , but usually does not have one. He fantasizes about his victim, and would demand you to disrobe, or wear negligee clothes. He will enforce in foreplay and kissing, to induce more of a realistic environment for himself. He will never kill or easily hurt you on purpose, and he is most likely to be immediately discouraged by enraged screaming. Try nonviolent tactics like crying and begging , pleading and praying aloud while you are sizing your assailant if it worked you may be able to escape the situation , but if he responds by becoming verbally abusive and degrading you could be fooled by the fact that he is actually a power assertive type and you would have to evaluate whether you are capable enough to fight him off. This rapist shows only in 21 % of all rapes in SA.

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It is total nonsense to tell woman too not fight of the assailant in any rape situation, as most rapist never intent to kill, but a woman needs to either avoid being in a situation like this, or make use of their instincts, before attempting to lose you mind to get away, assess him and the situation to see which of the four types you are dealing with, read is body language and intentions and then asses how you will get yourself out of this situation. Rather rely more on your own instinct than submit. Submission to all four types attracts arousal to a great extent , the less you arouse , the less interesting the situation will be for your assailant.

And always remember, if in some way you do get away, do not head home or to a friends house, go to your local police office immediately, and report what has happened, keep your eyes and ears open at all times, for distinct and crucial information you can gather from your assailant, and report such immediately! You may be the one saving a lot of other woman !

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide is one of the major drugs making up the hallucinogen class. LSD was discovered in 1938 and is one of the most potent mood-changing chemicals on earth. It is manufactured from lysergic acid which is found in ergot, a fungus that grows on rye and other grains LSD commonly referred to as acid and is sold on the street in tablet form, occasionally , but mostly as a liquid . it is odorless and has a slight bitter taste and is usually taken by mouth. It is often added to absorbent paper and divided into small decorated squares with each square representing one dose.

Street name : Acid, blotter, dots, microdot, pane, paper acid, sugar, sugar cube, window glass, and zen The effects of LSD are unpredictable and may vary from person to person. They depend on the amount you take ; the users personality and mood, and expectation, surroundings in which the drug is taken. Usually the user feels the first effect of the drug 30 to 90 minutes after taking it. The physical effects include dilated pupils, I body temperature, increased heart rate and blood pressure , sweating , loss of appetite, sleeplessness, dry mouth and tremors. Sensations and feelings change much more dramatically than the physical, the user may feel several different emotions at once or swing rapidly from one emotion to another.

If taken in a large enough dose, the drug produces delusion and visual hallucination. The user’s sense of time and self changes. Sensation may seem to “cross over” giving the user the feeling of hearing colors and seeing sounds. These changes can be frightening can cause panic.

Many LSD users experience flashbacks, recurrence of certain aspect of a person’s experience, without the user having taken the drug again. A flashback occurs suddenly , often without warning, and may occur within a few days or more than a year after LSD use. Flashbacks usually occur in people who use hallucinogens chronically or have an underlying personality problem. Flash backs are on of the most dangerous side effects of LSD use. Emotional stress , fatigue or movement from a light or dark environment can cause this, most abusers see this as a free trip, though not keeping in mind that the flashback is a sign of slight damage to the brain and its electrical messages it sends throughout your body. Reoccurring flashbacks may last more than 12 months , as the damage is not repairable, nor manageable, therefore most addicts tend to find themselves slowly loosing their minds and end up in mental facilities.

LSD use can produce a number of physical changes : mydriasis( prolonged dilation of the pupil ) , raised body temperature , rapid heartbeat, elevated blood pressure, increased blood sugar, salivation , tingling In fingers and toes, weakness , tremors, palpitations , facial flushing, chills , gooseflesh, profuse perspiration, nausea , dizziness, inappropriate speech, blurred vision, however, death related LSD abuse has occur as a result of the panic reactions, hallucinations, delusions and paranoia experienced by users.

LSD distorts electrical messages sent to and from various part of the brain, primarily those pertaining the visual information. Messages from any of the senses can be perceived as merged together, creating a sensation known as “ synesthesia”. This most commonly is represented as hearing and feeling colour or sounds.

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By Mark Gribben

Maybe people shouldn’t be surprised that a boy who had to endure the nickname “Pissy” because of a tendency to wet his pants would grow up to be one of America’s most savage spree killers. And it certainly didn’t help that Pissy would go to prison on a robbery charge and emerge two years later with a tendency to dress in women’s clothing and a desire for rough sex. Whatever the reasons, Alton Coleman and his girlfriend Debra Denise Brown will go down in history as a short-lived U.S. version of Great Britain’s multiple sex-slayers Myra Hindley and Ian Brady.

The story of Coleman and Brown begins in the mid-1970s, takes place in five states and involves one of the largest manhunts in recent history. It is a tale of American criminal justice that stands among the most depraved and cruel incidents of the modern age -- Coleman and Brown demonstrated a lack of respect for human life that shocked even hardened FBI agents and police officers. In less than two months, they assaulted, raped and murdered their way from Illinois to Michigan and down to Kentucky before authorities were finally able to capture them.

Coleman and Brown are behind bars, each awaiting a date with the executioner, but the evil they wrought upon their innocent victims lives on to this day. The duo have used every avenue of judicial appeal possible and seek mercy from the courts – mercy they rarely showed when they prowled the Midwest.

With every new court ruling or delay, dozens of survivors relive the horror of their encounters with the murderous pair of lovers. A child victim who managed to avoid death at their hands vows that she will never marry because of her inability to trust and questions whether she is still “pure”. Another survivor battles drug addiction, suicide attempts, and post-traumatic stress disorder. A mother and father must adjust to the fact that Coleman will never stand trial for their daughter’s murder and they may never find out the circumstances surrounding her slaughter.

Coleman’s family, on the other hand, consider themselves victims – not of their deadly relative, but of a system that they believe persecutes and plans to kill an innocent man. Debra Brown's mother continues to rue the day her daughter met Alton Coleman. Brown was “a good girl,” unknown to police before she fell under Coleman’s spell, but by the time the pair were caught, it was clear that Brown was just as vicious and murderous as her excon boyfriend.

Probably what is most disturbing about Alton Coleman is that he shouldn’t have been on the streets to begin his rape- robbery -murder spree. Over and over Coleman managed to manipulate the judicial system in his favor, beating sexual assault charges on several occasions. Frustrated prosecutors and lawmen knew they had a monster on their hands, but could only stand by helplessly as jury after jury let the him walk, confident the system had “worked” to free an innocent man.

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Born in Waukegan, an Illinois town about a half-hour’s drive north of Chicago, Alton Coleman endured the taunts of schoolchildren who teased him because he so often wet his pants. They christened the mildly retarded boy “Pissy.”

Family members and law enforcement officials who had dealings with Coleman since his teen years said Alton was slow to show emotion and generally kept to himself. Clearly alienated from his peers, Coleman had a reputation for his strong sex drive – reportedly he was bisexual and willing to engage in sex any time, any place with anyone.

Said one friend of Coleman’s late mother: “He knew he was different...even as a young child.

“As he grew up, (Coleman) was deeply into insidious kinds of sexual gratification.”

“He was good at conning jurors,” Waukegan Police Lt.

Coleman first came to the notice of police as a teenager when he was picked up for breaking

a convincing story in court. People are impressed with his testimony. He comes off as a decent person.”

windows in his Waukegan housing project. He was quickly labeled as a troublemaker, but for

A prosecutor who watched Coleman beat a rape charge

the most part, his crimes were of the petty

agreed.

sort. There was little indication to authorities of the mayhem to come.

“He knows what kind of case holds up in court and

Interestingly, property damage, often in the form of arson, can be an indicator of serial

Marc Hansen told the Detroit Free Press in 1984 when Coleman and Harris were hiding out in Detroit. “He tells

which ones don’t,” said former U.S. attorney Fred Foreman. “He’s been to the penitentiary. He’s a career criminal.”

murder tendencies. That is not to say that every youngster who breaks windows or lights

But when the façade wouldn’t work and voodoo god

fires is bound to be a serial killer, but only that

Baron Samedi wasn’t listening, Coleman resorted to

many multiple murderers committed similar acts as children.

more common forms of beating the rap, most notably witness intimidation.

On the way to becoming a serial killer, Coleman gave the law many chances to put

“It’s difficult to get people in court to prove these charges because they are sexual assault charges, they involve

him away, but Alton was “smooth as silk,” according to those who fought him in court.

kids, they involve family that don’t want to see him go to jail,” said Hansen.

Lawmen said Coleman put on a good appearance in court which often convinced jurors that authorities had the wrong man.

Alton, according to friends, also relied upon the supernatural to help him escape justice.

He claimed that voodoo made invulnerable to attack by the law.

In 1983, Coleman’s sister went to authorities and told them her brother tried to rape her eight-year-old daughter. Three weeks later, she went to court to have the charges dropped.

him “It’s a misunderstanding,” she said. “A lot of families go through that. It doesn’t make any difference now.”

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“He was good at conning jurors,” Waukegan Police Lt. Marc Hansen told the Detroit Free Press in 1984 when Coleman and Harris were hiding out in Detroit.

“He tells a convincing story in court. People are impressed with his testimony.

He comes off as a decent person.”

A prosecutor who watched Coleman beat a rape charge agreed.

“He knows what kind of case holds up in court and which ones don’t,” said former U.S. attorney Fred Foreman. “He’s been to the penitentiary. He’s a career criminal.”

But when the façade wouldn’t work and voodoo god Baron Samedi wasn’t listening, Coleman resorted to more common forms of beating the rap, most notably witness intimidation.

“It’s difficult to get people in court to prove these charges because they are sexual assault charges, they involve kids, they involve family that don’t want to see him go to jail,” said Hansen.

In 1983, Coleman’s sister went to authorities and told them her brother tried to rape her eight-year-old daughter. Three weeks later, she went to court to have the charges dropped.

“It’s a misunderstanding,” she said. “A lot of families go through that. It doesn’t make any difference now.”

The judge hearing the motion for dismissal was astounded by the 25-year-old woman’s testimony “I think the woman as she stands here today, is terrified of this man,” the judge said. He called her account of the incident “completely implausible.”

But in the end, with no victim and no witnesses, the judge had no choice but to free Alton Coleman and dismiss the charges.

Coleman’s rap sheet before his Midwestern spree reads like a one-man sex crime wave.

In 1973 he and an accomplice kidnapped, robbed and raped an elderly woman.

She refused to testify about the rape and Coleman served two years on the robbery charge. Three months after his release from Joliet, Coleman was arrested for another rape. He was acquitted but served time for a lesser charge.

Four years after that spell in the pen, Coleman was acquitted of rape. A year later he was arrested for an attempted rape – the charge was dismissed. In July, 1983 he was charged with the rape of his niece. That charge was dismissed. In early 1984 he was indicted for the knifepoint rape and murder of a suburban Chicago girl whose mother was a friend of his.

Coleman learned he was wanted for that crime but disappeared, kicking off his multi-state crime spree with his girlfriend, Debra Brown.

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Why Alton and Debra went underground is still a mystery 15 years after they were arrested.

Police blamed Coleman’s “intense hatred of blacks,” but longtime friends dismissed that reason as absurd. The pair’s victims were mostly black because they were in the wrong place at the wrong time. Coleman stayed in traditionally black neighborhoods because they provided a place for him to hide.

“That sounds so crazy to me,” said one

Debra Brown

Waukegan public official who knew Coleman since “he was in diapers.”

“Why

does

he

victimize

blacks?

Black

neighborhoods are the logical place for him to go. If he went into a white community, they would have found him long ago.”

A friend of the family said Coleman could not deal with his homosexual tendencies.

“He used to dress up like a woman a lot. It was well known that he had different habits than a normal male,” the friend said.

Coleman is a classic “disorganized serial killer.”

He rarely stalked a particular victim, but instead lashed out at whomever was nearby. He used whatever tools he had handy to kill or incapacitate his victims and there did not

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The Spree Begins The pair laid low for two weeks until June 18

appear to be any ritual to his violence.

when two young girls, Tamika Turks and her 9year-old aunt disappeared on their way to a

What probably set him off was the realization that he no longer had anything to lose. Perhaps

candy store. Later that day, the 9-year-old was found beaten and raped. Tamika was missing.

the indictment on the aggravated rape and murder charges – which could have brought the

A day later, Tamika's badly ravaged body was

death penalty – were enough to finally push him over the brink to whatever madness

found in a wooded area in Gary. She had been raped and killed by someone stomping on her

prompts such violence.

chest.

While the pair was on the run, Coleman was indicted on murder charges in Wisconsin and a

The older girl was forced to watch as the pair

federal warrant was issued for his capture.

ground and covering her nose and mouth and Coleman jumping on her chest and face until

Regardless of the motivation, Coleman and Brown began their spree on June 5, 1984 when

her ribs fractured and punctured her vital organs. The older girl then was forced to have

the pair rented an apartment in Gary, Ind. Coleman had been wanted by police since May

sex with both Brown and Coleman before being beaten about her head. To this day the young

31 and Debra Brown had been interrogated about his disappearance on June 1.

woman suffers severe headaches and

killed Tamika – Brown holding Tamika to the

screaming fits.

“She will get to screaming and crying like someone is hitting her on the back of the head,” said Mary Hilliard, the child’s mother. Her injuries left the family with $15,000 in medical bills, which were substantially, but not completely, covered by insurance.

LaVerne Turks, Tamika’s mother, was forced to move to Minneapolis because the memories of Tamika in Gary, Indiana, were too painful.

“LaVerne’s gone. Tamika’s missing. My daughter is having these problems. Our family will never be the same,” said Hilliard, who attempted suicide shortly after her granddaughter’s death.

The same day Tamika's body was discovered, Donna Williams, 25, was reported missing by her parents. Her car was stolen, as well.

A week later, Williams’s car was found abandoned in Detroit with a forged identification card featuring Brown’s picture. Residents from the area said the car had been parked in the alley since June 19. Police in four states were now looking for the pair, working on the assumption that Donna Williams had been murdered, even though her body had not been found. In the meantime, two days after Williams was reported missing, a Detroit woman was kidnapped by a man and woman whom she later identified as Coleman and Brown. She escaped while driving the pair to Toledo by purposefully ramming her car into oncoming traffic.

Coleman and Brown were able to survive by befriending good Samaritans and later turning on their friends, authorities said.

“We’ve come to the conclusion that Coleman and Brown are staying with people they meet,” said FBI Special Agent John Anthony in Detroit. “They spend a day or two with the people, get a little money gambling with them and then assault and rob them and steal their car.”

Detroit Crime Wave While in Detroit, Coleman and Brown eluded police while instigating a small, but violent, crime wave. Warrants for their arrest were issued for the kidnapping and robbery of the 28-year-old Detroit woman who managed to escape the killers, a June 28, 1984 robbery and beating of an elderly Dearborn Heights couple and the June 30 robbery of two Detroit men.

By the time the deadly duo left Detroit, police in Illinois, Wisconsin, Indiana, Ohio and Michigan, as well as federal authorities, were on the lookout. Despite Coleman’s disorganized pattern of murder, there were some similarities among the crimes – in every case the cars stolen by Coleman and Brown were recovered within 12 hours. When authorities were not able to locate a 1975 Buick stolen by the pair after they beat and robbed a 55-year-old woman and her companion, they had good reason to suspect that Coleman and Brown had left the Motor City.

Sadly, even though the pair had fled to Toledo, the evidence of their crimes continued to surface. In an abandoned house near Wayne State University in Detroit, the badly decomposed body of Donna Williams was found on July 11. It was clear that she hadn’t lived long after she arrived, as a hostage, in Detroit.

There will likely never be any closure - legal or psychological - for the family of Donna Williams. When authorities gathered to determine the best course of action against Coleman and Brown, the Williams case was not tried.

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“We chose to go with the strongest cases against the two that would result in the death penalty,” said Lake County, Indiana prosecutor Jack Crawford. “It appeared that Williams was killed in Michigan, which does not have the death penalty.”

For Robert and Zenota Williams, Donna’s parents, punishment is not foremost on their minds.

“I will always wonder what, exactly, happened,” Zenota Williams told the Detroit Free Press in a retrospective on the spree three years later.Three other homicides tied to the pair will also probably not ever be tried: the slaying of 77-yearold Eugene Scott of Indianapolis and the killings of Virginia Temple and her 10-year-old daughter in Toledo. Scott was suspected of being their last murder victim because his car was found in Evanston, Ill. where they were arrested.From Toledo, the pair continued south, stopping long enough in Cincinnati to murder Marlene Waters, who was found bludgeoned to death in the basement of her home. Waters’ husband was badly beaten in the attack and left for dead.

Coleman and Brown stole the Waters’ car and headed to Lexington, Ky., where they abandoned the car in a cornfield.In nearby Williamsburg, the duo kidnapped Oline Carmical and drove to Dayton, Ohio leaving Carmical locked in the trunk of his car. An elderly Dayton couple was found beaten and gagged in their home after the fugitives stole their car. Another Dayton couple reported to police that Coleman and Brown robbed them.The trip from Tamika Turks’ murder to the crimes in Indianapolis took less than a month, with the pair committing felonies on the average of crime every other day.In all, the murderous 53-day rampage – from the time Coleman raped and murdered the 9-year-old in Kenosha, Wis., to the time they were arrested in Illinois -- resulted in a slew of felonies: eight homicides, as many as seven rapes, three kidnappings and 14 armed robberies.

Capture Some time after the murders of the Temples and Scott, Coleman and Brown returned to the Waukegan area. Their case had inspired a great deal of notoriety across the country and Coleman had recently been named as a “special addition” the FBI’s 10 Most Wanted list. In becoming a special addition, Coleman joined such notable felons as H. Rap Brown and Martin Luther King’s murderer, James Earl Ray. Coleman’s family aside, they had few friends left after their spree and it wasn’t surprising that when an acquaintance of Coleman’s saw the pair walking near Evanston, Ill., he would turn them in. Authorities had been watching Evanston closely because of Coleman’s known associates there and the fact that the duo had rented an apartment in Evanston prior to fleeing to Gary. Knowing that there were few criminals as desperate as Coleman and Brown, authorities were cautious in making the arrest.

Once police pinpointed their location – the pair was spotted by undercover officers in a local park – state, local and federal authorities began to converge on the couple. Shortly before noon on July 20, 1984 Coleman and Brown were watching a pick-up basketball game from the bleachers at Mason Park on the west side of Evanston as officers began to approach.

Coolly, as if he hadn’t a care in the world, Coleman began walking away as plainclothes and uniformed cops neared.

Wearing a torn yellow shirt and sporting a short haircut unlike the jheri-curl ‘do he wore in published photos, Coleman surrendered peacefully when confronted.

“You got the wrong man,” he told arresting officers. He provided two aliases and Brown identified herself as “Denise Johnson.” She was carrying a loaded revolver and Coleman had a long knife hidden in his boot, but neither went for their weapon.

“They looked like they did on TV,” said an 11-year-old who witnessed the arrest. “The capture was quick and easy.”

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Unfinished Business Alton Coleman reportedly spent a fitful night in the death house at the Southern Ohio Correctional Facility in Lucasville prior to his execution. Although death row is located in Mansfield, condemned prisoners are taken to Lucasville for execution of their sentence. He ate a hearty "special meal" (Ohio convicts don't have a "last meal" because they are served breakfast the morning of the execution), but slept poorly, officials who were present said. The morning of his execution, he had a few bites of toast. He had been baptized two days earlier by a Dallas-based televangelist, and had said goodbye to his family a week prior to his execution. It was their first visit to him in years and they could not attend the execution because "they could not get a ride," the spokeswoman for the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction told the media.

The observation room overlooking the execution chamber in Lucasville holds 12 people, and an accordion door separates the convict's witnesses from those representing the victims. Alton invited a spiritual advisor and his legal team. The number of witnesses representing victims presented a logistical challenge to prison officials who finally had to obtain special permission from the Ohio Supreme Court to set up closed-circuit television for the overflow crowd of 18 people (not including media witnesses) who came to watch Coleman die.In typical fashion, Alton claimed the closed-circuit TV violated his civil rights and sought to block the move. The Ohio Supreme Court rejected that argument. At shortly before 10 a.m., wearing a "non-denominational" prayer shawl with crosses and Stars of David over his prison blues, Alton Coleman walked into the death chamber and quietly laid himself on the gurney. He remained still as the guards fastened restraints on him and attached the lines that would contain the three chemicals to a shunt already in place in his arm.

He looked over at the witness room and appeared to say something, but it was impossible to hear him through the glass.

A prison official asked if he had any final words, he shook his head and then the executioner pushed the button that would begin the execution process.Although just three chemicals are used to execute a prisoner, one to induce unconsciousness, another to stop breathing and a third to stop the heart, eight syringes, operated automatically once the button is pushed are required. It often takes two or three very long minutes for all the syringes to empty.As the drugs began flowing, Alton Coleman began reciting the 23rd Psalm. By the time he reached "he leadeth me beside the still waters," the sodium pentothal began to take effect and Coleman lost consciousness.

He was pronounced dead at 10:13 a.m. EST. Some of the survivors of Coleman's victims considered their work just half finished. The grandmother of 7-year-old murder victim Tamika Turks of Gary, Ind., said survivors won't know peace until Coleman's accomplice, Debra Brown, is put to death by the state of Indiana."One chapter has been closed, but there's another chapter: Debra Brown," she said. "Until that's done, there can be no peace.

(But) we'll never be the same because what they took from us, they cannot give back to us."

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Debra Brown

In 1872, the American physician George Huntington wrote about an illness that he called "an heirloom from generations away back in the dim past." He was not the first to describe the disorder, which has been traced back to the Middle Ages at least. One of its earliest names was chorea,* which, as in "choreography," is the Greek word for dance. The term chorea describes how people affected with the disorder writhe, twist, and turn in a constant, uncontrollable dance--like motion. Later, other descriptive names evolved. "Hereditary chorea" emphasizes how the disease is passed from parent to child. "Chronic progressive chorea" stresses how symptoms of the disease worsen over time. Today, physicians commonly use the simple term Huntington's disease (HD) to describe this highly complex disorder that causes untold suffering for thousands of families.

More than 15,000 Americans have HD. At least 150,000 others have a 50 percent risk of developing the disease and thousands more of their relatives live with the possibility that they, too, might develop HD. Until recently, scientists understood very little about HD and could only watch as the disease continued to pass from generation to generation. Families saw the disease destroy their loved ones' ability to feel, think, and move.

In the last several years, scientists working with support from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) have made several breakthroughs in the area of HD research.

With these advances, our understanding of the disease continues to improve.

This brochure presents information about HD, and about current research progress, to health professionals, scientists, caregivers, and, most important, to those already too familiar with the disorder: the many families who are affected by HD.

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What causes Huntington's disease?

HD results from genetically programmed degeneration of nerve cells, called neurons,* in certain areas of the brain. This degeneration causes uncontrolled movements, loss of intellectual faculties, and emotional disturbance.

Specifically affected are cells of the basal ganglia, structures deep within the brain that have many important functions, including coordinating movement. Within the basal ganglia, HD especially targets neurons of the striatum, particularly those in the caudate nuclei and the pallidum. Also affected is the brain's outer surface, or cortex, which controls thought, perception, and memory.

How is Huntington's disease inherited?

HD is found in every country of the world. It is a familial disease, passed from parent to child through a mutation or misspelling in the normal gene.

The impact of a gene depends partly on whether it is dominant or recessive. If a gene is dominant, then only one of the paired chromosomes is required to produce its called-for effect. If the gene is recessive, both parents must provide chromosomal copies for the trait to be present.

HD is called an autosomal dominant disorder because only one copy of the defective gene, inherited from one parent, is necessary to produce the disease.

The genetic defect responsible for HD is a small sequence of DNA on chromosome 4 in which several base pairs are repeated many, many times. The normal gene has three DNA bases, composed of the sequence CAG. In people with HD, the sequence abnormally repeats itself dozens of times. Over time--and with each successive generation--the number of CAG repeats may expand further.

Each parent has two copies of every chromosome but gives only one copy to each child. Each child of an HD parent has a 50-50 chance of inheriting the HD gene. If a child does not inherit the HD gene, he or she will not develop the disease and cannot pass it to subsequent generations. A person who inherits the HD gene, and survives long enough, will sooner or later develop the disease. In some families, all the children may inherit the HD gene; in others, none do. Whether one child inherits the gene has no bea on whether others will or will not share the same fate.

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A single abnormal gene, the basic biological unit of heredity, produces HD. Genes are composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), a molecule shaped like a spiral ladder. Each rung of this ladder is composed of two paired chemicals called bases. There are four types of bases-adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine--each abbreviated by the first letter of its name: A, T, C, and G. Certain bases always "pair" together, and different combinations of base pairs join to form coded messages. A gene is a long string of this DNA in various combinations of A, T, C, and G. These unique combinations determine the gene's function, much like letters join together to form words. Each person has about 30,000 genes--a billion base pairs of DNA or bits of information repeated in the nuclei of human cells--which determine individual characteristics or traits.

Genes are arranged in precise locations along 23 rod-like pairs of chromosomes. One chromosome from each pair comes from an individual's mother, the other from the father.

Each half of a chromosome pair is similar to the other, except for one pair, which determines the sex of the individual. This pair has two X chromosomes in females and one X and one Y chromosome in males. The gene that produces HD lies on chromosome 4, one of the 22 nonsex-linked, or "autosomal," pairs of chromosomes, placing men and women at equal risk of acquiring the disease.

A small number of cases of HD are sporadic, that is, they occur even though there is no family history of the disorder. These cases are thought to be caused by a new genetic mutation-an alteration in the gene that occurs during sperm development and that brings the number of CAG repeats into the range that causes disease.

What are the symptoms and major effects of Huntington's disease?

Early signs of the disease vary greatly from person to person. A common observation is that the earlier the symptoms appear, the faster the disease progresses.

Family members may first notice that the individual experiences mood swings or becomes uncharacteristically irritable, apathetic, passive, depressed, or angry. These symptoms may lessen as the disease progresses or, in some individuals, may continue and include hostile outbursts or deep bouts of depression.

HD may affect the individual's judgment, memory, and other cognitive functions. Early signs might include having trouble driving, learning new things, remembering a fact, answering a question, or making a decision. Some may even display changes in handwriting. As the disease progresses, concentration on intellectual tasks becomes increasingly difficult.

In some individuals, the disease may begin with uncontrolled movements in the fingers, feet, face, or trunk.

These movements--which are signs of chorea--often intensify when the person is anxious. HD can also begin with mild clumsiness or problems with balance. Some people develop choreic movements later, after the disease has progressed. They may stumble or appear uncoordinated. Chorea often creates serious problems with walking, increasing the likelihood of falls.

The disease can reach the point where speech is slurred and vital functions, such as swallowing, eating, speaking, and especially walking, continue to decline. Some individuals cannot recognize other family members. Many, however, remain aware of their environment and are able to express emotions.

Some physicians have employed a recently developed Unified HD Rating Scale, or UHDRS, to assess the clinical features, stages, and course of HD. In general, the duration of the illness ranges from 10 to 30 years. The most common causes of death are infection (most often pneumonia), injuries related to a fall, or other complications.

At what age does Huntington's disease appear?

The rate of disease progression and the age at onset vary from person to person. Adult-onset HD, with its disabling, uncontrolled movements, most often begins in middle age. There are, however, other variations of HD distinguished not just by age at onset but by a distinct array of symptoms. For example, some persons develop the disease as adults, but without chorea. They may appear rigid and move very little, or not at all, a condition called akinesia.

Some individuals develop symptoms of HD when they are very young--before age 20. The terms "earlyonset" or "juvenile" HD are often used to describe HD that appears in a young person. A common sign of HD in a younger individual is a rapid decline in school performance. Symptoms can also include subtle changes in handwriting and slight problems with movement, such as slowness, rigidity, tremor, and rapid muscular twitching, called myoclonus. Several of these symptoms are similar to those seen in Parkinson's disease, and they differ from the chorea seen in individuals who develop the disease as adults. These young individuals are said to have "akinetic-rigid" HD or the Westphal variant of HD. People with juvenile HD may also have seizures and mental disabilities. The earlier the onset, the faster the disease seems to progress. The disease progresses most rapidly in individuals with juvenile or earlyonset HD, and death often follows within 10 years.

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Individuals with juvenile HD usually inherit the disease from their fathers. These individuals also tend to have the largest number of CAG repeats. The reason for this may be found in the process of sperm production. Unlike eggs, sperm are produced in the millions. Because DNA is copied millions of times during this process, there is an increased possibility for genetic mistakes to occur. To verify the link between the number of CAG repeats in the HD gene and the age at onset of symptoms, scientists studied a boy who developed HD symptoms at the age of two, one of the youngest and most severe cases ever recorded. They found that he had the largest number of CAG repeats of anyone studied so far--nearly 100.

The boy's case was central to the identification of the HD gene and at the same time helped confirm that juveniles with HD have the longest segments of CAG repeats, the only proven correlation between repeat length and age at onset.

A few individuals develop HD after age 55. Diagnosis in these people can be very difficult. The symptoms of HD may be masked by other health problems, or the person may not display the severity of symptoms seen in individuals with HD of earlier onset. These individuals may also show symptoms of depression rather than anger or irritability, or they may retain sharp control over their intellectual functions, such as memory, reasoning, and problem-solving.

There is also a related disorder called senile chorea. Some elderly individuals display the symptoms of HD, especially choreic movements, but do not become demented, have a normal gene, and lack a family history of the disorder. Some scientists believe that a different gene mutation may account for this small number of cases, bu this has not been proven.

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5. Where did you grow up?

Was born in Heemstede, The Netherlands, grew up there until my 17th, then moved to South-Africa, to Vanderbijlpark, and later Potchefstroom and Parys 6. What school did you attend?

I attended HVC (Herbert Visser’s College) in the Netherlands, and then Transvalia Highschool in SA.

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7. Are you studying or is music you full time profession?

Studying BA Psychology and Labour Relations at the moment, finishing next year, but I would like to DJ and produce music full time!

1. What subjects did you have and hate in school?

Had maths, geography, economics, business economics, Afrikaans, and English. Pretty much maths was the worst.

And Latin back overseas!

2. What describes you best?

Friendly outgoing liberal character, total party animal, mad about good Music, and very much a people’s person.

3. What inspires you and your music?

I grew up (as most people) with loads of music, and my dad taught and showed me everything what there is to know to have a good base in music knowledge, never really played any instrument, until I fell in love with dancemusic, when I first heard songs from ATB, Delerium and the likes thereof, and my passion for mixing just grew from there onwards.

4. Who is your lifetime role model??

Of course my father, who sadly passed the beginning of this year, but music-wise, one of my major inspirations was and still is DJ

8. What is your personal style and why?

I love deep house music, because it’s slow mellow and smooth, but more jumpy funky stuff is the best to dance to, as long as a song can get the hairs on my arms stand up, it’s all good.

9. Is there any upcoming events that we should whatch out for?

Will hopefully be playing at local clubs around Parys and Potchefstroom during Aardklop, October and New Years’ Eve, check www.facebook.com/DJMosbySA for updates.

10. Where do you play locally?

As of current I play freelance, no residency at any clubs at the moment, but there are some good things in the pipeline, and I will hopefully move my gigs up to Johannesburg and bigger clubs soon!

11. Where was your first performance Ehm.. I started playing in Bourbon street Potchefstroom in March of 2009, felt really good playing for a bigger crowd than myself or a local 21st party!

12. What was one of the most humiliating things that ever happened to you on stage?

It used to happen a lot that some of the systems would crash, skip or that the power would cut, fortunately that doesn’t happen anymore.

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“…It’s been my passion since I was a kid”

13. Are you currently in a relationship?

Nope. Single and ready to mingle☺ 14. Where do you see yourself in 10 years?

I see myself producing music, mixes,r emixes, playing at huge parties, H2o perhaps even.

15. Why did you chose music?

It’s been my passion since I was a kid, it keeps me busy at all times and never gets boring.

16. What artist can best be put next to you?

Any other DJ with the same taste in music, who is not scared to show off their skills and respects mine.

17. What is your biggest fear in life?

Being alone.

18. What is your tactic to get the crowds attention It’s always awesome when you built up a set, and play an epic song to climax the evening with, and the crowd goes absolutely bezerk.

19. Any inspiring words for our readers?

Haha! Stay in school, follow your heart, and do all you can to make your dreams come true.

Don’t let anybody tell you you’re not good enough, ever!

20. What is your moto in life?

Party hard, and then party even harder, respect your elders and friends, enjoy life to the fullest, and be safe.

21. Are you religious?

I do believe in a higher power, but not really anything specific, stuff that happens, happens for a reason, whatever the reason might be. To each their own.

22. When did you fist connect with your DJ set?

My first real mix I made was somewhere in standard 9 I think. Then first played live in Bourbons back in the day☺ 23. Do you use decks or other equipment?

Prefer CDJays, but midi controllers are veryhandy and versatile as well.

24. Are you looking to get married and have kids one day?

Someday yes, in the very far future!

25. Who is your favourite person you can relate to?

Most of my close friends I can relate to very well, but it would be unfair to only name one.

26. Do you do any other sports or hobbies?

I used to play field hockey, but after a knee injury no more of that, otherwise try to keep healthy, love to sleep late as well and watch some series☺ 27. What do you do for fun ,when you are not making music?

I study, do stuff around the house, and party like a man man.

28. What irritates you as an individual about others?

People who go behind each others backs, and pretend to be your friend. And those who are always late☺ 29. What drives you to succeed in life?

The idea to be successful one day, entertain loads of people with the stuff I like as well, and just be happy.

30. Who motivates you?

A close friend named Zenta does, and also my mum tends to push me a lot☺

“…follow your heart, and do all you can to make your dreams come true. Don’t let anybody tell you you’re not good enough, ever!”

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Do you take part?

Or are you the one standing on sideline watching it happen?

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Cuddly ottoman for a nursery We wrapped our storage ottoman in faux cowhide suede and added extra padding and a thick foam top to make it extra cuddly and perfect for a nursery or children's bedroom.

You will need: 4 of 400 x 400mm 16mm BisonBord 2 of 416 x 416mm 16mm BisonBord 30 x 30mm wood screws High density foam 416 x 416mm x 50mm thick 2 metres of fairly thick batting 2 metres of fabric 400mm long piano hinge and small screws TOOLS:

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Drill/Driver and asstd drill and screw bits Countersink bit Staple gun and staples Scissors Here's how:

1. Prepare the sides Have four pieces of BisonBord cut to 400 x 400mm.

Down one side of each board drill 3 pilot holes and countersink the holes.

Partially insert the screws to make it easier for joining the sections together.

2. Join the sides See the diagram below for joining the sides to create a perfect square shape.

Drive in three wood screws on each side, and ensure that the screw heads do not protrude above the surface of the board.

3. Add the base The base is simple screwed onto the bottom of the frame.

Once again, drill pilot holes and countersink before driving screws through the base into the bottom of the frame.

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4. Attach the foam Use spray adhesive to attach the foam to one side of the lid.

This is optional and prevents the foam from sliding around.

5. Wrap the top Place the top - foam side down - onto a piece of batting and begin to wrap the batting over the sides.

Use a staple gun to staple the edge of the batting to the edges of the lid.

Use scissors to cut away any excess batting.

5. Wrap the box Wrap the sides of the box with batting, starting and finishing in exactly the same spot.

Use the staple gun to staple the start and end edges to the box.

9. Wrap top with fabric Place the top - foam side down onto your fabric.

Starting at one side, pull the fabric up and over the back, tucking under a small hem and then stapling to the top. Leave a 10cm gap at both corners. Move

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to the opposite side and repeat the process, but pulling the fabric gently before stapling to the top.

Finishing off in the same way for the remaining two sides.

10. Cut off bunny ears At the corners you will have what I like to call "Bunny Ears" because that's what they look like! Cut off the tips of the bunny ears, so that they is less fabric to work with as you tuck and arrange the corners before stapling to the top.

11. Wrap box with fabric When cutting the fabric, allow a 4cm allowance at the top and bottom for tucking under and folding over.

As you did with the batting, start and finish at the same point.

Tuck a hem under the starting and finishing sections and staple to the side of the box.

12. Finish the edges At the top and bottom edges, fold under a hem and fold onto the top edge and bottom of the box, leaving the corners until last. Create the corners by arranging neatly - this may take a bit of tucking and folding until you get is right - and then staple down.

13. Attach the hinge.

Attach the piano hinge to one side of the top and then have someone hold the top while you position and attach the other side of the piano hinge to one side of the box.

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1. Who Are you ? ( your profile) The Rebel Train Surfers is an old school style rock band from Potchefstroom. With our roots firmly established in the timeless art of 60’s and 70’s Rock & Roll our music contains the basic elements of solid rock songs with enough catchy lyrics to make Mick Jagger take notice, some drum rolls that will make Keith Moon turn over in his grave and a few guitar solos to match Jimmy Page. By combining elements of the genre and adding our own unique twist we’re re-inventing the wheel and we invite all to join us on our journey to create something pure and beautiful by using the most important source all good music should come from: Rock & Roll!

2. Your History ?

Hamilton had the idea for an old school rock band and he got the first members together. We started jamming and wrote a few songs, later on we recruited Louwtjie as vocalist and Driaan as Rhythm Guitarist. We played our first show on 30 October 2010. It is almost one year later and we are still going strong!

3. How did you ( members) meet ?

Emile, Hamilton & Dirk know each other from school & university. Driaan & Louwtjie is friends we met at an ice rink, they joined the group later on.

4. How was each members talent discovered ?

All members started playing their instruments when they were still in school and all of us were previously involved in different bands and musical projects. Those experiences and techniques are now applied in the Rebel Train Surfers.

5. In what schools were you?

Driaan – Florida Highschool, JHB Louwtjie – Fichardt Park Highschool, Bloemfontein Dirk & Hamilton – Fochville Highschool, Fochville Emile – Potchefstroom Gimnasium 6. Where did you grow up ?

Emile – Fochville & Potchefstroom Driaan – JHB Louwtjie – Bloemfontein Hamilton – Welkom & Fochville Dirk – PTA & Fochville 28

7. Who writes your lyrics?

Louwtjie, the vocalist of the band.

8. What inspires you to write a song?

The music we listen to is our biggest inspiration. We love the old rock&roll bands like Led Zeppelin, Rolling Stones and Black Sabbath but our musical influences are anything from The Red Hot Chili Peppers to Tool. Sometimes the theme of a song will include current issues or a take on religion but mostly it’s just feel good party music and we love playing it!

9. How dod you decide on the melody that goes with the lyrics?

A song usually starts with a guitar riff then we will start jamming it so we can figure out a catchy melody.

10. Did you / are you studying something other than music?

All members have other qualifications or are busy completing them: Louwtjie – Communication Studies Dirk – Business Management & Law Driaan – Law Hamilton – Tourism Emile – Business Management & Music Production 11. Is your music your full time profession ?

Everyone is involved with their own studies or careers but the band and our music will always be a top priority!

12. Who is your manager and how could we get hold of him/her?

We don’t have a full time manager, at the moment we manage ourselves but we are in the process of acquiring someone to help us out. To get hold of us send an email to rebeltrainsurfers@gmail.com and feel free to check out our facebook page.

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13. What inspires you about your music?

It is all about keeping it simple and keeping it real!

14. What motivation can you give our readers?

The intensity of a Rebel Train Surfers live show will blow your mind!

15. Are you following a lifelong dream?

Yes, we all love music and live to create.

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