Building Technology 1

ALTERNATIVE CONSTRUCTION SOLUTIONS

0315561 0312004 0311763 0312501 0312703 1007P79681

CHUA SOR HONG FEIVEN CHEE MUHAMMAD HAZIQ OH KENG YEE, ALEXIS VOON JIA WEN THAM MIN YANG

ARC 3514 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1

TUTOR MS. CHERYL NGIAM

1.0 1.1 2.0 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2

INTRODUCTION MODIFICATIONS PRECEDENT STUDIES ROOF SYSTEM | EAMES HOUSE CONSTRUCTION METHODS MATERIAL PROPERTIES

2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2

WALL SYSTEM | CAPITAL CITY ACADEMY CONSTRUCTION METHODS MATERIAL PROPERTIES

2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2

FLOOR SYSTEM | ANGASTON PAVILION CONSTRUCTION METHODS MATERIAL PROPERTIES

2.4 2.4.1 2.4.2

BASEMENT SYSTEM | S11 HOUSE CONSTRUCTION METHODS MATERIAL PROPERTIES

3.0

WORKING DRAWINGS

4.0

REFERENCES

CONTENT BREAKDOWN

1.0

INTRODUCTION

GENERAL OVERVIEW

The project is a Nature Appreciation Centre design for the Malaysian Nature Society. Located in Pekan Sepang, the 800m2 building is near Sungai Pelek, a natural mangrove habitat.

BUILDING FUNCTIONS

The Nature Appreciation Centre caters to two main programmes - Administration and Education

1.1

CURRENT CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS AND MATERIALS USED

FLOOR

: TIMBER FLOORING

MODIFICATIONS

dent studies using similiar systems.

MODIFIED CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS AND MATERIALS USED WALL FLOOR BASEMENT

: GLASS CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM WITH ALUMINIUM EXTRUSIONS : CONCRETE COMPOSITE “BONDEK” FLOORING : HOLLOW CONCRETE BASEMENT WITH MICROPILE FOOTING

2.0

PRECEDENT STUDIES

STEEL FRAME ROOF SYSTEM

GLASS CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM

EAMES HOUSE

CAPITAL CITY ACADEMY

CHARLES AND RAY EAMES

FOSTER’S AND PARTNERS

STEEL TRUSS SYSTEM + LYSAGHT METAL SHEETING

GLASS CURTAIN WALL + ALUMINIUM EXTRUSIONS

BONDEK FLOOR SYSTEM

HOLLOW CONCRETE BASEMENT SYSTEM

ANGASTON PAVILION

S11 HOUSE

JON LOWE

ARCHICENTRE

CONCRETE COMPOSITE + BONDEK SYSTEM

HOLLOW CONCRETE BASEMENT

+ MICROPILE FOOTING

2.1

STEEL FRAME ROOF SYSTEM SUITABILITY The beauty of the steel frame roof system is the versatility to lend itself to almost any frame application regardless of the complexity. Consisting of steel joists and steel decking sheets, the system is lightweight and quick to construct, making it the ideal roof system for the Nature Appreciation Centre in Sepang

STEEL FRAME ROOF SYSTEM

EAMES’ HOUSE CHARLES & RAY EAMES The Eames House is a landmark of mid-20th century modern architecture located at 203 North Chautauqua Angeles. It was constructed in 1949 by husband-andwife design pioneers Charles and Ray Eames, to serve as their home and studio.

The architects prides itself on the basis that it was completely constructed from so called “off the shelf” parts that any individual could order from a catalog. These included steel windows, bar joists and rolled steel sections that allowed for a large open plan space.

ADVANTAGE Able to span over large areas

Poor insulation from heat

Lightweight materials

Aesthetics might be too ‘industrial’

Economical & Quick installation

Limited colour pallette

On-site roll forming allows for long, uninterrupted roof pitch

Poor noise reduction properties

Fix-on clip allows for thermal expansion Section showing Steel Framing of the roof structure

DISADVANTAGES

``

2.1.1

steel roof deck

STUDY OF CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS steel roof joists

The roof of the Eames’ House consists mainly of steel compoments featuring a single pitched top chord truss system.

COMPONEN TS FOCUSED ON : 1) STEEL ROOF DECK 2) STEEL ROOF JOIST

STEEL ROOF DECK

STEEL ROOF JOIST

A steel roof deck is a cold-formed cor-

Steel roof joists are light-weight trusses used to support the roof of a building.

supported by steel joists that is used to

They consist, in the standard form, of

support the concrete or insulating mem-

parallel chords and a triangulated web

brane of a roof. However, steel roof decks

system while existing in a variety of cus-

of the roof. Steel roof decks are strong,

steel joists for roof construction can result

lightweight, economical and easy to install

in substantial economic savings, which in the case of the Eames, was an important

of the Eames House.

aspect considering the emergence of the American middle class at the time.

2.1.2 MATERIALS

MATERIAL USED PROPERTIES

LYSAGHT ROOFING SHEET

STEEL JOISTS

1) Weather tightness - No exposed fastener and concealed cladding sistem 2) Fixed on clip holds uplift pressure and allows for thermal expansion 3) Economical, quick to install 4) On-site mobile roll forming - Uninterrupted pitch

1) Flexibility in design 2) Fire resistant properties 3) Durable structures 4) Assured structural performance 6) Easy installation

PRODUCTION STANDARDS SLOPING TOP CHORD (HOWE PATTERN)

SUPPLIERS

BLUESCOPE LYSAGHT SDN BHD

KEMUNING STRUCTURES SDN BHD

NO 6, PERSIARAN KEMAJUAN, SEKSYEN 16,

Lot 3801, 6 Âź Miles, Jalan Klinik, Section 32, Bukit Kemuning, 40460 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

40800 SHAH ALAM SELANGOR DARUL EHSAN, MALAYSIA TEL: 603-5519 2000 FAX: 603-5510 5428 www.bluescopelysaght.com.my

2.2

GLASS CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM SUITABILITY The stick curtain wall system is suitable due to its versatility in design. This system allows natural lighting into the

GLASS CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM

CAPITAL CITY ACADEMY FOSTER’S AND PARTNERS Capital City Academy was built to replace Willesden High School, whose buildings were in poor condition and did not support the radical new approach to raising educational standards that the Government’s Academy programme was intended to drive.

Clerestory windows along the central corridor aid natural ventilation and, combined with panels of glass in the classrooms’ interior walls, help to draw natural light into the heart of the building.

ADVANTAGE Allows maximum light penetration Modular unit allows for ease of installation Uniformity in facade Use of laminated glass cuts heat penetrating the building

FLOOR PLAN INDICATING CURVED FACADE OF CURTAIN WALL

Sealant provides weather-tight protection

DISADVANTAGE Stick curtain wall system requires high skill level - especially with curved forms Requires regular maintanence (approximately every 10 years to replace sealant) lLimitations of noise reduction

2.2.1

TRANSOM (HORIZONTAL MULLION) & VERTICAL MULLION Stick Unit Curtain walls are constructed in one of the following methods.

CONSTRUCTION METHODS CURTAINWALLS

are nonload bearing exterior wall that hang less of construction or cladding material. In common usage, the term usually denotes use of aluminium framed systems carrying glass panels. The Capital City Academy uses the stick curtain wall system due to its curved facade. The components of the system are pre-fabricated in the factory before they are sent to the job site for assembly. The two-side structural silicone glazing is done on site.

The mullions are extruded, powder coated aluminium. Normally spaced between 1 to 1.8m, these mullions are then DOUBLE GLAZED UNITS Double glazed units are preferred due to their energy saving properties as well as durability in comparison to conventional glazing units. A rubber spacer with drying agents is placed cantly cuts heat and glare.

SPANDREL slab and adjacent ceiling. These areas are most suitable for placing insulation and can range from solid materials such as cement panels or brick cladding to various tinted glass.

Mullion with 0째 to 5째 tilt angle to form curved facade

SILICONE SEALANTS Silicone sealants provide weather-tightness to the curtain wall system and ensure all joints are properly sealed. The sealant connects all the glazing units while being almost invisible.

Silicone sealants are available in black, white or transparent hues.

2.2.2 MATERIALS

MATERIAL USED PROPERTIES

PRODUCTION STANDARDS

SUPPLIERS

POWDER COATED ALUMINIUM EXTRUSION

REFLECTIVE DOUBLE GLAZING GLASS

1) Durable Design 2) Custamizable to meet unique conditions 3) Good quality due to factory fabrication 4) Clean appearance 5) Concealed joinery creates monolithic appearance

1) Freedom in Design 2) Energy saving capabilities 5) Clean Aesthetics

Standard Size 184.2mm x 76.2mm

FUJISASH (M) SDN BHD 11-2, Jalan SS23/11, Taman SEA, 47400 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Malaysia Phone: 603 - 78062919 Fax : 603 - 7806 3919/4919

KIEN SAFETY GLASS SDN BHD Lot 1558, Kampung Jaya Industrial Area, Off Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia Tel : 603 - 6157 7427 Fax : 603 - 6157 7424

2.3

BONDEK FLOOR SYSTEM SUITABILITY -

BONDEK FLOOR SYSTEM

ANGASTON PAVILION JON LOWE Designed to the strict principals of Murcutt-modernism – careful siting, truth to materials, and expressed sustainability – the three-bedroom house sits lightly behind a spectacular gum tree, with the structure’s body facing north, using the large foliage as protection from the western sun. With a minimalist palette tied closely to the former stone quarry at the top of the hill, the building echoes its surroundings while remaining open to the views on all sides.

ADVANTAGE Excellent spanning capacities for

The material list has been restricted to reverse veneer concrete block walls with colorbond custom orb lining, polished concrete bondek slab, and native timber winto deliver maximum impact on a tight budget.

Underside of slab exposed Initial cost is high

BONDEK FLOORING ON GROUND FLOOR SLAB OF ANGASTON PAVILION

Acts as permanent framework with minimal or no propping Quick and easy installation Works as reinforcement with composite slab Cost effective

PLAN OF ANGASTON PAVILION

DISADVANTAGES

BONDEK FLOORING ON FIRST FLOOR SLAB OF ANGASTON PAVILION

Fire resistant properties

Accessories are limited to the company

2.3.1

BONDEK ACCESSORIES BONFILL

Stock Length : 1200 mm Required : 300mm per sheet of BONDEK

Polystyrene foam stops concrete and air entering ends of ribs

CONSTRUCTION METHODS

BONWEDGE Max Load : 100 kg

Lightweight bracket for rods to suspend ceilings or services RIB END PLUG Polyethylene end plug minimises concrete slurry seeping through

Place bondek sheets and trim if necessary

BRACKETS FROM BUILDERS STRAPPING

Fix bondek sheets in place

Required : one every 600mm or less EDGEWORK

BRACKETS

Straps formed on-site using builders strapping to secure top EDGEFORM

1.0mm BMT - up to 145mm slab depth 1.2mm BMT - 150 - 175mm slab depth Fix steel Edgeform

Place reinforcements or post-tensioning if required

A glavanised section that creates a permanent formwork at the slab edges - cut, mitred and screwed on site PT HOLD DOWN CLIP Allows hold down of post-tensioning ducts

Place PT hold down clip in place

Place concrete and hardener if required

BONSTRIP

Stock Length : 3000mm

Plastic trim to cover gaps formed by ribs. Used when underside of BONDEK forms an exposed ceiling BON-NUT

Treads : M8, M10, M12 (M6 available for lighter loads only - 2.7kN or less) Allow slab to cure

Heavy duty square nut to suspend ceilings or services

2.3.2 MATERIALS MATERIAL USED

PROPERTIES

SMARTDEK ‘W’ PROFILE

1) Engineered Strength 2) Reduced wastage of material 3) Quality Assurance 4) Easily Installed 5) Fire Resistant Properties

CONCRETE SLAB

1) Intrinsic Colouring 2) High Resistance to Abrasion 3) Improves Resistance to Impact 4) Reduces Dust 5) Easy to Apply COVERAGE

PRODUCTION STANDARDS

sq. m (60 – 75 lb./100 sq. ft.)

TECHNICAL DATA Hardness 6.5 (Mohs Scale) Particle Shape Rough, Angular

m (75 – 100 lb./100 sq. ft.)

NOTE: Coloured hardeners require 34-46 kg/10 sq. m (75-125 lb./100 sq. ft.) to achieve a uniform colour.

SUPPLIERS

BLUESCOPE LYSAGHT SDN BHD

DURACEM COATING INDUSTRIES SDN BHD

NO 6, PERSIARAN KEMAJUAN, SEKSYEN 16,

Lot 2772H, AL 220, Kg Baru Sg Buloh,

40800 SHAH ALAM

47000 Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

SELANGOR DARUL EHSAN, MALAYSIA TEL: 603-5519 2000 FAX: 603-5510 5428 www.bluescopelysaght.com.my

Email : enquiry@DuracemGroup.com

2.4

BOTTOM UP CONSTRUCTION METHOD SUITABILITY The micropile deep foundation supporting concrete masonry unit (concrete blocks) foundation wall is a proven ing the need for frequent maintanence.

BOTTOM - UP BASEMENT SYSTEM S11 HOUSE ARCHICENTRE The S11 house is located in an established older suburb of Petaling Jaya. The existing old house on the site was built in the early 1960’s and had become dilapidated and run-down over the years. A new green tropical house was planned for the site and conceptualized along the lines of a tree. The large tree canopy would cover and shelter the living spaces underneath it. The S11 House was designed to achieve the highest level Platinum rating of Malaysia’s Green Building Index (GBI).

As such, majority of the materials and construction sustainable.

ADVANTAGE Temporary support of excavation are used as permanent structural walls

Potential water leakage at joints between slabs and walls

Structural slabs act as internal bracing thus reducing amount of tie backs required

Access to excavation limited through shafts

Lower cost as materials and components needed are reduced Shorter construction duration due to overlapping construction activities BASEMENT FLOOR PLAN (NTS)

DISADVANTAGES

Limited spaces for excavation and construction of bottom slab

2.4.1

BOTTOM-UP CONSTRUCTION METHODS 1) Installation of temporary excavation support walls ( soldier pile, lagging, sheet piling, slurry walls)

MICROPILES, also called Mini Piles, are used for underpinning.

Micropiles are normally made of steel with diameters of 60 to 200 mm. Installation of micropiles can be achieved using drilling, impact driving, jacking, vibrating or screwing machinery.

Where the demands of the job requires piles in low headroom or otherwise restrictred areas and for specialty or smaller scale projects, micropiles can be ideal. Micropiles are often grouted as shaft bearing piles but non-grouted micropiles are also common as end bearing piles.

2) Dewatering trench 3) Excavation and installation of temporary wall support elements such as struts or tiebacks 4) Construction of the tunnel struc5) Complete Construction of the walls then the roof.

Some of the advantages include light weight and good strength. It is cost effective, easy to install and can be applied to internal or external walls of buildings.

Earth Pressure

Reactive Force Reactive Force

HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCKS can be used for any application that were typically made of bricks. It can be used for retaining walls, perimeter fencing, landscaping as well as for buildings and structural elements.

Piling Wall

2.4.2 MATERIALS

MATERIAL USED PROPERTIES

HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCKS 1) Light Weight Design 2) Good Strength 3) Cost Effective 4) Easy to Install 5) Load-Bearing as well as Non-load Bearing 6) colours can be integrated with pigments

SIKA BLACKSEAL 1) Cold Applied 2) Self-adhesive 3) Excellent adhesion to vertical and horizontal surfaces 4) Good chemical resistance 5) Excellent stability when exposed to extreme temperatures

BC BITUMEN COATING creep 2) Great stability over wide range of temperatures 4) Easily applied

PRODUCTION STANDARDS

SUPPLIERS

SUNWAY PAVING SOLUTIONS SDN BHD LOT 10071, MUKIM BATANG KALI 44300 DAERAH ULU SELANGOR SELANGOR DARUL EHSAN, MALAYSIA TEL : (603)60572407 FAX:(603)60572423

SIKA KIMIA SDN BHD Lot 689 Nilai Industrial Estate 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan DK Malaysia

3.0 WORKING DRAWINGS

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4.0

Steele, J., Eames, C. and Eames, R. (1994). Eames House. 1st ed. London: Phaidon.

“Capital City Academy” Foster’s and Partners . <http://www.fosterandpartners.com/projects/capital-city-academy/> “Angaston Pavilion / Jon Lowe” 09 Mar 2011. ArchDaily. Accessed 02 Oct 2014. <http://www.archdaily.com/?p=117413> “S11 House / ArchiCentre” 02 Jan 2013. ArchDaily. Accessed 01 Oct 2014. <http://www.archdaily.com/?p=313041>

REFERENCES “SUNWAY Manufactured Products” SUNWAY MALAYSIA. <http://www.sunway.com.my/sunwaymarketing/products/build/manufac.asp> “Lysaght Products” Lysaght. <http://www.lysaght.com/product/lysaght-klip-lok-700-hi-strength>

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