FHGraham | Stage 4 Portfolio | MArch Architecture, University of Greenwich | Part II

TAPROBANA: RESEARCH CENTRE FLORENCE GRAHAM YEAR 04 PORTFOLIO UNIT 17 MArch, UNIVERSITY OF GREENWICH

SITE LOCATION

The site is located in the Central Province of Sri Lanka.

Sigiriya is an ancient citadel, where future plans for a Space Elevator have been allocated to this archaeologically important site, designated as a UNESCO world heritage centre. A masterplan is underway as a response to the installation of new infrastructure.

NTS

3000 BC

300 BC

BC DATES:

3000 BC: FIRST INHABITANTS FOUND ON THE SITE: MONOLITHIC MEN BUILT ROCK SHELTERS

300 BC: BUDDHIST MONASTIC SETTLEMENT ON THE SITE: SHELTERS & CAVE DWELLINGS

477 AD: KASAYAPA (ILLEGITIMATE HEIR) BECOMES KING (BY EXECUTING HIS FATHER) KASAYAPA FLEES & BUILDS HIS PALACE ON SIGIRIYA’S SUMMIT

495 AD: KASAYAPA’S BROTHER (LIGITIMATE HEIR) RETURNS FROM INDIA & EXECUTES KASAYAPA THE PALACE IS GIVEN TO THE MONKS

600 AD: GRAFFITI AT SIGIRIYA IS DATED BACK TO 600 AD & SIGIRIYA IS VISITED FOR ITS SECULAR & AESTHETIC VALUE 1300 AD: MONKS LEAVE THE SITE; SIGIRIYA IS LEFT TO BE OVERTAKEN BY NATURE

1500 AD: KANDYAN KINGS USE SIGIRIYA AS A DISTANT MILITARY OUTPOST (SITE BACK IN USE)

1600 AD: SIGIRIYA IS ABANDONED & NATURE OVERRULES THE LANDSCAPE & STRUCTURES ARE BURIED & BEGIN TO ERODE

1830 AD: SIGIRIYA IS FOUNDED AS A SITE OF ANTIQUARIAN VALUE

1894 AD: ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS BEGIN TO UNCOVER THE HIDDEN ELEMENTS OF SIGIRIYA (ROCK PALACE & GARDENS ARE FOUND)

1940 AD:

1982 AD:

2009 AD:

1982 AD

1830 AD

1600 AD

1500 AD

1300 AD

495 AD

477 AD

600 AD

1940 AD

1894 AD

SIGIRIYA IS DECLARED THE 202ND UNESCO SITE (DUE TO ITS OUTSTANDING ARCHITECTURAL, AND UNIVERSAL VALUES)

2009 AD

AD DATES:

ARCHAEOLOGISTS BEGIN TO INTERPRET & DATE THE LANDSCAPE AROUND THE PALACE

SIGIRIYA MUSEUM IS CONSTRUCTED & OPEN TO THE PUBLIC

SITE TIMELINE

The historic context, and the significant developments occurring on the site through time, warranting its UNESCO World Heritage site title.

NTS

NTS

SITE PHOTOGRAPHY PATH

HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY, SERVICES INDUSTRY, & RESIDENTIAL

HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY, SERVICES INDUSTRY,

SIGIRIYA MUSEUM

HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY, SERVICES INDUSTRY, & RESIDENTIAL

HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY, SERVICES INDUSTRY, & RESIDENTIAL

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CONTEXTUAL LAND USE

INFRASTRUCTURE LINKS

TRAIN LINES & TRAIN STATION DEPARTURES

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MAJOR & MINOR ROADS & AIRPORT TRANSFERS

WATERWAYS (MAJOR & MINOR) & PORTS

SIGIRIYA / SITE LOCATION

SITE GEOLOGY

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LIMESTONE

KADUGANNAWA COMPLEX Composed of ‘high-grade’ metamorphic rock

WANNI COMPLEX Composed of ‘low-grade’ metamorphic rock - inc. granite

HIGHLAND COMPLEX Composed of metamorphic rock - inc. marble & quartzite

3

1

2

4

VERIFIED VIEWS KEY ASPECT VIEWS

1 NTS

VIEW FROM THE PARADISE GARDENS TO THE LION ROCK UP THE CENTRAL AXIS

2

VIEW FROM LION ROCK TO THE PARADISE GARDENS DOWN THE CENTRAL AXIS

3

VIEW FROM LION ROCK TO PEDURANGALA ROCK

4

VIEW FROM LION ROCK TO SIGIRIYA WEWA / SIGIRIYA TANK

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EXISTING SITE PLAN

OUTER CITY

INNER CITY

IRRIGATION WATERWAYS

RAMPARTS

LION ROCK SUMMER PALACE

TERRACE GARDENS

BOULDER GARDENS

WATER GARDENS

PLEASURE GARDENS

SITE TOPOGRAPHY

SPACE ELEVATOR INTERVENTION

FRAGMENT DRAWING

THE FOUNTAINS OF PARADISE - ARTHUR C. CLARKE A comparison between the historic and the ‘modern’, represented through spatial drawing and opposing drawing techniques. Hand vs. machine, and charcoal vs. digital.

CONCEPT ITERATION

Hovering over the rock, and temples to minimise the impact on the existing, and creating a series of programmatic ‘legs’, allowing stations to be set-out to their function; including tourism and industry.

SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT

Emerging from the bedrock, trusses rise and meet above the palace, forming the connection to the space elevator.

The programmatic legs, allow for development zoning, and strict control over the elevators designated use.

SPACE ELEVATOR URBANISATION INFLUENCE The intervention of the space elevator on the site of Sigiriya, will have a huge impact on the site; economically, socially, and culturally. Its implementation will create a surge in world interest on Sri Lanka, and the island will become a scientific and security hub.

The elevator will allow for an ease of space exploration, and meteorite mining. However with ease, and the investigation of the unknown, fear and paranoia will follow, meaning military security will be installed for maximum protection.

BOULDER GARDEN URBANISATION

URBANISATION ITERATION The space elevator is represented as a sleek series of tracks, that rotate out to service a series of zones in the city, split between tourism and industry. Leisure and labour, with interconnecting infrastructures. Framing the existing paradise gardens, a popular tourist destination; an existing economy to tap into and expand.

Due to the increased interest of the site, security and observation will be required, therefore the Panopticon concept was investigated.Therefore influencing the radial, programmatic legs of the space elevator, with the main central elevator tower, acting as the observation control centre.

LEISURE

LABOUR

TOURISM

COMMERCIAL

URBANISATION TYPOLOGIES ITERATION RESIDENTIAL

INDUSTRY

TOURISM HOTEL BLOCK The hotel blocks are designed to look out towards the rock, and the gardens, with a series of linking courtyards.

RESIDENTIAL BLOCK The residential blocks are drawn to face the rock, with a series of vistas through the pathways to expand these views.

RESEARCH

URBAN REPRESENTATION VISUALISATION

URBAN REPRESENTATION

URBAN REPRESENTATION

MASSING OPPORTUNITIES ITERATION

Investigations into massing opportunities, in the outer city of Sigiriya.

Creating monolithic massing structure, with cut outs exposing the boulders and existing features of the sites terrain.

BOULDER GARDEN INHABITATION In 3000 BC, the first inhabitants were dated back to being found on the site, where monolithic men constructed rock shelters and shrines. Later in 300 BC Buddhist monastic settlements were found to have inhabited the site, creating cave dwellings, and further utilising the rocks found on the terrain.

The historic urbanisation of the boulders, and the creation of the boulder gardens, offers an opportunity to build upon the history of the development of these elements of the site.

BOULDER GARDEN URBANISATION ITERATION

Development of the boulder gardens, and utilising contextual lines found on the site, by building into the terrain.

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PROGRAMMATIC LEGS INSTALLATION ZONING

MILITARY

SCALE 1:2500

RESIDENTIAL

RESEARCH

STATION TO TRINCOMOLEE PORT

SECURITY DISTRICT

MILITARY COMMUNICATION CENTRE

TRANSFER TERMINAL

TRANSFER TERMINAL

INVESTIGATION CENTRE

SPACE ELEVATOR

LIVING DISTRICT

MATERIAL RESEARCH INSTITURE

TRANSFER TERMINAL

TRANSFER TERMINAL

STATION TO COLOMBO PORT

MATERIAL TRANSITIONS UNDERGROUND TUNNEL Exposed concrete tunnels mark out the tunnels used for infrastructure, services and material transit throughout the campus.

PASSENGER WALKWAYS Passenger, and inhabitant paths between the underground system and building centres are expressed by warm timber panelling.

URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE UNDERGROUND PLAN SCALE 1:5000

URBAN INSTALLATION MASSING PLAN SCALE 1:5000

PROGRAMME SECTIONS MILITARY DISTRICT Intertwined around the boulders, with the majority of its programme located underground in bunker fortresseS for maximum protection and security.

SCALE 1:1250

RESEARCH DISTRICT To allow a flat floor plate, on the sites steep terrain the research centres hover over the boulder gardens, with lightwells creating features out of the existing terrain and bringing light into the deep monoliths.

RESIDENTIAL DISTRICT The living quarters are built into the rocky terrain, following the site contours, allowing for maximum panoramic views out of the jungle, in reference to Geoffrey Bawa’s Kandalama Hotel.

SCALE 1:2500

NORTH TO SOUTH SITE SECTION

SCALE 1:2500

WEST TO EAST SITE SECTION

SCALE 1:2500

LION ROCK ELEVATION & URBANISATION SECTION

MILITARY QUARTER

RESIDENTIAL DISTRICT

RESEARCH CENTRE

CENTRAL AXIS | AERIAL VIEW

SOUTH WEST | AERIAL VIEW

MATERIAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE

BUNKER ARCHAEOLOGY

BUNKER ARCHAEOLOGY - PAUL VIRILIO Investigations into monolithic structures created for protection, analysing the beauty of mass. Additionally, exploring the textural aesthetic of these concrete bunkers.

ACADEMIC

LABORATORIES

CONCEPT STRATEGY

Split programme scheme, reflected in the organisational structural of the design.

The laboratories consist of heavy structure, and a protective nature. While the academic operation, is light and open in its manifestation.

SCHEME ITERATIONS

MASSING FORMATION

Carving out structures, and forms from a generic laboratory slab, into a dynamic, programmatic mass. The form is self referential in nature, and tailored to suit its programmatic need.

Creating a variety of light conditions, and monolithic massing.

MONOLITHIC MASSING

PLASTER CAST

CONCRETE CAST

JESMONITE CAST

3D PRINT CAST

MONOLITHIC MASSING

MONOLITHIC MASSING

SHADOW CASTING SUMMER: Morning

Afternoon

Evening

WINTER: Morning

Afternoon

Evening

SITE PLAN | AERIAL & UNDERGROUND

Located in the heart of the boulder gardens, within the urbanisation of these historic masses.

SCALE 1:5000

LABORATORY DESIGN CONTAMINATION RISK

BIOHAZARD

RADIOACTIVE

The building is designed at all levels to eliminate risks of cross contamination between the internal functions and external factors, Investigating the structural need for vibration control, and ensuring all laboratory zones are hermetically sealed for maximum protection.

The macro tectonics of the surrounding concrete, provide a stark contrast with the internal hyper detailed machinery working within,

MATERIAL PROTECTION For maximum protection, thick concrete elements are used, and then wrapped in a metal sheeting to ensure no leakage can occur. This theory is used as the structural strategy, and material concept for the building.

These elements will be used for the material transportation boxes to move the mined materials from the space elevator to the secure laboratories, and quarantine zones.

Its application can be used at macro and micro scales.

SCALE 1:500

FOLDING METAL ELEVATION WRAP

1

2

3

4

3

5

6

STRUCTURAL STRATEGY 1

CONCRETE SLAB FLAT ROOF

2

IRON & CONCRETE CLADDING

3

CONCRETE FLAT SLAB

4

CONCRETE SHEER WALLS

5

CONCRETE SHEER WALLS & CONCRETE COLUMNS

6

CONCRETE BASEMENT

ELEMENT DESIGN CONTRASTING MOMENTS OF DESIGN & PROGRAMME UNDULATING UNDERCROFT DESIGN

FENESTRATION DESIGN LABORATORY BUNKER DESIGN

LIGHTWELL DESIGN

CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE PHASE 01

PHASE 02

PHASE 03

PHASE 04

EXCAVATION FOUNDATIONS & FOOTINGS BASEMENT WALL CONSTRUCTION

SHEAR WALLS & COLUMNS FLAT SLAB SHEAR WALLS & LAB BUNKERS

FLAT SLAB & SHEAR WALLS ROOF FLAT SLAB CLADDING & GLAZING INSTALLATION

UNDERCROFT CLADDING INTERNAL FIT-OUT LANDSCAPE IMPLEMENTATION

ELEVATOR TO RESEARCH CENTRE LINK The mined meteorite materials, sourced from the space elevator, are brought down to the transfer terminals.This is where they are sorted, and then allocated to their designated destinations. From here they are transported by the campus’ infrastructure system to the research centre.

Within the research centre, they are placed from their protective boxes into quarantine for maximum security, before exploration and research can be undertaken in hermetically sealed zones.

PROGRAMME LAYOUT CIRCULATION

RECEPTION & ADMIN FACILITIES

ACADEMIC FACILITIES

ANCILLARY ZONES

LABORATORY RESEARCH FACILITIES

BASEMENT _ GENERAL ARRANGEMENT PLAN

GROUND FLOOR _ GENERAL ARRANGEMENT PLAN

KEY:

KEY:

1 2 3

CORE & PLANT / SERVICING LINK TO UNDERGROUND SYSTEM: PASSENGERS LINK TO UNDERGROUND SYSTEM: MATERIALS

6

PREPARATORY ZONE

1

CORE & PLANT / SERVICING

7

CLEAN ROOM

2

TECTONIC LANDSCAPING

8

PLANT ROOM

3

BUILDING OUTLINE ABOVE (UNDULATING UNDERCROFT ABOVE)

4

SORTING ZONE

4

STRUCTURAL COLUMNS

5

QUARANTINE / STORE

5

RECEPTION & INFORMATION CENTRE

4

2

7

6 4

2

1

1

5

5 3

1

1

3

8 4

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SCHEDULE OF ACCOMMODATION

GROUND FLOOR _ REFLECTED CEILING PLAN

FIRST FLOOR _ GENERAL ARRANGEMENT PLAN

KEY:

KEY:

1

2

REFLECTED CEILING PLAN: UNDULATING IRON UNDERCROFT PANELS & CONCRETE BEAM OUTLINE AESTHETIC

1

CORE & PLANT / SERVICING

7

EM SHIELDED ROOM

12

ADMIN OFFICE

17

STORE

2

INTERLINKING BRIDGES BETWEEN LABORATORIES

8

STUDY SPACE

13

LOBBY

18

SOUND & LIGHT ROOM

CONCRETE COLUMN HEADER LOCATION

3

9

LABORATORY: STORE

14

LECTURE ROOM

19

LIBRARY

10

BREAK-OUT / OPEN WORK SPACE

15

PROJECTION ROOM

20

COMPUTER BANK

11

WC & ANCILLARY FACILITIES

16

COMMS

*

LIGHT WELLS

4

LABORATORY: GOWNING ZONE LABORATORY: PREPARATORY ZONE

5

CLEAN ROOM

6

RESEARCH LABORATORY

11 20

*

19

11 6 7 8

1

*

1

*

10

3

5

17

4 3

6

16

2

9 4 9

3

8 5

7

5 6

SCHEDULE OF ACCOMMODATION

13

15

7

NTS

1

14

1

8

18

*

4

5

2

12

6

SECOND FLOOR _ GENERAL ARRANGEMENT PLAN KEY:

1 2 3

CORE & PLANT / SERVICING LABORATORY: WRITE-UP SPACE LABORATORY: SERVICING & EQUIPMENT

4

LOBBY

5

SEMINAR ROOM & BOARD ROOM

6

WC & ANCILLARY FACILITIES

7

LIBRARY

8

READING ROOMS

9

ARCHIVE

10

STORE

*

LIGHT WELLS 6 6

* 10

8

7

*

7

9 3

1

* 4

2

*

4 1 3 2

2

3

NTS

SCHEDULE OF ACCOMMODATION

* 5

1

SCALE 1:200

BASEMENT LEVEL PLAN

SCALE 1:200

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

SCALE 1:200

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

SCALE 1:200

MEZZANINE & SECOND FLOOR PLAN

SCALE 1:500

REFLECTED UNDULATING UNDERCROFT PLAN

SCALE 1:500

ROOF PLAN

AERIAL CONTEXT

MASSING CONTEXT SECTIONS The laboratories manifest in thick, protective walls, with angled fenestration to ensure controlled indirect light to enter the write up spaces.

While the library and academic programme zones have large glass panels, and open light wells to allow light in, and views out over the site. Set within a more open, larger spanning construction.

SCALE 1:1250

SCALE 1:200

LABORATORY SECTION

SCALE 1:200

LIBRARY SECTION

SCALE 1:200

LIBRARY & LABORATORY SECTION

LIBRARY & ACADEMIC PROGRAMME

LECTURE ROOM & LOBBY

LABORATORY & RESEARCH PROGRAMME

LABORATORY BUNKER

LABORATORY CIRCULATION

LIGHTWELL & STAIR WELLS

TECTONIC LANDSCAPING

LABORATORY INTERCONNECTION

LABORATORY FENESTRATION

LABORATORY PROGRAMME FACADE

ACADEMIC PROGRAMME FACADE

BOULDER GARDEN APPROACH