TAPROBANA: RESEARCH CENTRE FLORENCE GRAHAM YEAR 04 PORTFOLIO UNIT 17 MArch, UNIVERSITY OF GREENWICH
SITE LOCATION
The site is located in the Central Province of Sri Lanka. Sigiriya is an ancient citadel, where future plans for a Space Elevator have been allocated to this archaeologically important site, designated as a UNESCO world heritage centre. A masterplan is underway as a response to the installation of new infrastructure. NTS
3000 BC
300 BC
BC DATES:
3000 BC: FIRST INHABITANTS FOUND ON THE SITE: MONOLITHIC MEN BUILT ROCK SHELTERS
300 BC: BUDDHIST MONASTIC SETTLEMENT ON THE SITE: SHELTERS & CAVE DWELLINGS
477 AD: KASAYAPA (ILLEGITIMATE HEIR) BECOMES KING (BY EXECUTING HIS FATHER) KASAYAPA FLEES & BUILDS HIS PALACE ON SIGIRIYA’S SUMMIT
495 AD: KASAYAPA’S BROTHER (LIGITIMATE HEIR) RETURNS FROM INDIA & EXECUTES KASAYAPA THE PALACE IS GIVEN TO THE MONKS
600 AD: GRAFFITI AT SIGIRIYA IS DATED BACK TO 600 AD & SIGIRIYA IS VISITED FOR ITS SECULAR & AESTHETIC VALUE 1300 AD: MONKS LEAVE THE SITE; SIGIRIYA IS LEFT TO BE OVERTAKEN BY NATURE
1500 AD: KANDYAN KINGS USE SIGIRIYA AS A DISTANT MILITARY OUTPOST (SITE BACK IN USE)
1600 AD: SIGIRIYA IS ABANDONED & NATURE OVERRULES THE LANDSCAPE & STRUCTURES ARE BURIED & BEGIN TO ERODE
1830 AD: SIGIRIYA IS FOUNDED AS A SITE OF ANTIQUARIAN VALUE
1894 AD: ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS BEGIN TO UNCOVER THE HIDDEN ELEMENTS OF SIGIRIYA (ROCK PALACE & GARDENS ARE FOUND)
1940 AD:
1982 AD:
2009 AD:
1982 AD
1830 AD
1600 AD
1500 AD
1300 AD
495 AD
477 AD
600 AD
1940 AD
1894 AD
SIGIRIYA IS DECLARED THE 202ND UNESCO SITE (DUE TO ITS OUTSTANDING ARCHITECTURAL, AND UNIVERSAL VALUES)
2009 AD
AD DATES:
ARCHAEOLOGISTS BEGIN TO INTERPRET & DATE THE LANDSCAPE AROUND THE PALACE
SIGIRIYA MUSEUM IS CONSTRUCTED & OPEN TO THE PUBLIC
SITE TIMELINE
The historic context, and the significant developments occurring on the site through time, warranting its UNESCO World Heritage site title.
NTS
NTS
SITE PHOTOGRAPHY PATH
HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY, SERVICES INDUSTRY, & RESIDENTIAL
HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY, SERVICES INDUSTRY,
SIGIRIYA MUSEUM
HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY
HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY, SERVICES INDUSTRY, & RESIDENTIAL
HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY, SERVICES INDUSTRY, & RESIDENTIAL
NTS
CONTEXTUAL LAND USE
INFRASTRUCTURE LINKS
TRAIN LINES & TRAIN STATION DEPARTURES
NTS
MAJOR & MINOR ROADS & AIRPORT TRANSFERS
WATERWAYS (MAJOR & MINOR) & PORTS
SIGIRIYA / SITE LOCATION
SITE GEOLOGY
NTS
LIMESTONE
KADUGANNAWA COMPLEX Composed of ‘high-grade’ metamorphic rock
WANNI COMPLEX Composed of ‘low-grade’ metamorphic rock - inc. granite
HIGHLAND COMPLEX Composed of metamorphic rock - inc. marble & quartzite
3
1
2
4
VERIFIED VIEWS KEY ASPECT VIEWS
1 NTS
VIEW FROM THE PARADISE GARDENS TO THE LION ROCK UP THE CENTRAL AXIS
2
VIEW FROM LION ROCK TO THE PARADISE GARDENS DOWN THE CENTRAL AXIS
3
VIEW FROM LION ROCK TO PEDURANGALA ROCK
4
VIEW FROM LION ROCK TO SIGIRIYA WEWA / SIGIRIYA TANK
NTS
EXISTING SITE PLAN
OUTER CITY
INNER CITY
IRRIGATION WATERWAYS
RAMPARTS
LION ROCK SUMMER PALACE
TERRACE GARDENS
BOULDER GARDENS
WATER GARDENS
PLEASURE GARDENS
SITE TOPOGRAPHY
SPACE ELEVATOR INTERVENTION
FRAGMENT DRAWING
THE FOUNTAINS OF PARADISE - ARTHUR C. CLARKE A comparison between the historic and the ‘modern’, represented through spatial drawing and opposing drawing techniques. Hand vs. machine, and charcoal vs. digital.
CONCEPT ITERATION
Hovering over the rock, and temples to minimise the impact on the existing, and creating a series of programmatic ‘legs’, allowing stations to be set-out to their function; including tourism and industry.
SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT
Emerging from the bedrock, trusses rise and meet above the palace, forming the connection to the space elevator. The programmatic legs, allow for development zoning, and strict control over the elevators designated use.
SPACE ELEVATOR URBANISATION INFLUENCE The intervention of the space elevator on the site of Sigiriya, will have a huge impact on the site; economically, socially, and culturally. Its implementation will create a surge in world interest on Sri Lanka, and the island will become a scientific and security hub. The elevator will allow for an ease of space exploration, and meteorite mining. However with ease, and the investigation of the unknown, fear and paranoia will follow, meaning military security will be installed for maximum protection.
BOULDER GARDEN URBANISATION
URBANISATION ITERATION The space elevator is represented as a sleek series of tracks, that rotate out to service a series of zones in the city, split between tourism and industry. Leisure and labour, with interconnecting infrastructures. Framing the existing paradise gardens, a popular tourist destination; an existing economy to tap into and expand. Due to the increased interest of the site, security and observation will be required, therefore the Panopticon concept was investigated.Therefore influencing the radial, programmatic legs of the space elevator, with the main central elevator tower, acting as the observation control centre.
LEISURE
LABOUR
TOURISM
COMMERCIAL
URBANISATION TYPOLOGIES ITERATION RESIDENTIAL
INDUSTRY
TOURISM HOTEL BLOCK The hotel blocks are designed to look out towards the rock, and the gardens, with a series of linking courtyards. RESIDENTIAL BLOCK The residential blocks are drawn to face the rock, with a series of vistas through the pathways to expand these views.
RESEARCH
URBAN REPRESENTATION VISUALISATION
URBAN REPRESENTATION
URBAN REPRESENTATION
MASSING OPPORTUNITIES ITERATION
Investigations into massing opportunities, in the outer city of Sigiriya. Creating monolithic massing structure, with cut outs exposing the boulders and existing features of the sites terrain.
BOULDER GARDEN INHABITATION In 3000 BC, the first inhabitants were dated back to being found on the site, where monolithic men constructed rock shelters and shrines. Later in 300 BC Buddhist monastic settlements were found to have inhabited the site, creating cave dwellings, and further utilising the rocks found on the terrain. The historic urbanisation of the boulders, and the creation of the boulder gardens, offers an opportunity to build upon the history of the development of these elements of the site.
BOULDER GARDEN URBANISATION ITERATION
Development of the boulder gardens, and utilising contextual lines found on the site, by building into the terrain.
NTS
PROGRAMMATIC LEGS INSTALLATION ZONING
MILITARY
SCALE 1:2500
RESIDENTIAL
RESEARCH
STATION TO TRINCOMOLEE PORT
SECURITY DISTRICT
MILITARY COMMUNICATION CENTRE
TRANSFER TERMINAL
TRANSFER TERMINAL
INVESTIGATION CENTRE
SPACE ELEVATOR
LIVING DISTRICT
MATERIAL RESEARCH INSTITURE
TRANSFER TERMINAL
TRANSFER TERMINAL
STATION TO COLOMBO PORT
MATERIAL TRANSITIONS UNDERGROUND TUNNEL Exposed concrete tunnels mark out the tunnels used for infrastructure, services and material transit throughout the campus. PASSENGER WALKWAYS Passenger, and inhabitant paths between the underground system and building centres are expressed by warm timber panelling.
URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE UNDERGROUND PLAN SCALE 1:5000
URBAN INSTALLATION MASSING PLAN SCALE 1:5000
PROGRAMME SECTIONS MILITARY DISTRICT Intertwined around the boulders, with the majority of its programme located underground in bunker fortresseS for maximum protection and security.
SCALE 1:1250
RESEARCH DISTRICT To allow a flat floor plate, on the sites steep terrain the research centres hover over the boulder gardens, with lightwells creating features out of the existing terrain and bringing light into the deep monoliths.
RESIDENTIAL DISTRICT The living quarters are built into the rocky terrain, following the site contours, allowing for maximum panoramic views out of the jungle, in reference to Geoffrey Bawa’s Kandalama Hotel.
SCALE 1:2500
NORTH TO SOUTH SITE SECTION
SCALE 1:2500
WEST TO EAST SITE SECTION
SCALE 1:2500
LION ROCK ELEVATION & URBANISATION SECTION
MILITARY QUARTER
RESIDENTIAL DISTRICT
RESEARCH CENTRE
CENTRAL AXIS | AERIAL VIEW
SOUTH WEST | AERIAL VIEW
MATERIAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE
BUNKER ARCHAEOLOGY
BUNKER ARCHAEOLOGY - PAUL VIRILIO Investigations into monolithic structures created for protection, analysing the beauty of mass. Additionally, exploring the textural aesthetic of these concrete bunkers.
ACADEMIC
LABORATORIES
CONCEPT STRATEGY
Split programme scheme, reflected in the organisational structural of the design. The laboratories consist of heavy structure, and a protective nature. While the academic operation, is light and open in its manifestation.
SCHEME ITERATIONS
MASSING FORMATION
Carving out structures, and forms from a generic laboratory slab, into a dynamic, programmatic mass. The form is self referential in nature, and tailored to suit its programmatic need. Creating a variety of light conditions, and monolithic massing.
MONOLITHIC MASSING
PLASTER CAST
CONCRETE CAST
JESMONITE CAST
3D PRINT CAST
MONOLITHIC MASSING
MONOLITHIC MASSING
SHADOW CASTING SUMMER: Morning
Afternoon
Evening
WINTER: Morning
Afternoon
Evening
SITE PLAN | AERIAL & UNDERGROUND
Located in the heart of the boulder gardens, within the urbanisation of these historic masses.
SCALE 1:5000
LABORATORY DESIGN CONTAMINATION RISK
BIOHAZARD
RADIOACTIVE
The building is designed at all levels to eliminate risks of cross contamination between the internal functions and external factors, Investigating the structural need for vibration control, and ensuring all laboratory zones are hermetically sealed for maximum protection. The macro tectonics of the surrounding concrete, provide a stark contrast with the internal hyper detailed machinery working within,
MATERIAL PROTECTION For maximum protection, thick concrete elements are used, and then wrapped in a metal sheeting to ensure no leakage can occur. This theory is used as the structural strategy, and material concept for the building. These elements will be used for the material transportation boxes to move the mined materials from the space elevator to the secure laboratories, and quarantine zones. Its application can be used at macro and micro scales.
SCALE 1:500
FOLDING METAL ELEVATION WRAP
1
2
3
4
3
5
6
STRUCTURAL STRATEGY 1
CONCRETE SLAB FLAT ROOF
2
IRON & CONCRETE CLADDING
3
CONCRETE FLAT SLAB
4
CONCRETE SHEER WALLS
5
CONCRETE SHEER WALLS & CONCRETE COLUMNS
6
CONCRETE BASEMENT
ELEMENT DESIGN CONTRASTING MOMENTS OF DESIGN & PROGRAMME UNDULATING UNDERCROFT DESIGN
FENESTRATION DESIGN LABORATORY BUNKER DESIGN
LIGHTWELL DESIGN
CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE PHASE 01
PHASE 02
PHASE 03
PHASE 04
EXCAVATION FOUNDATIONS & FOOTINGS BASEMENT WALL CONSTRUCTION
SHEAR WALLS & COLUMNS FLAT SLAB SHEAR WALLS & LAB BUNKERS
FLAT SLAB & SHEAR WALLS ROOF FLAT SLAB CLADDING & GLAZING INSTALLATION
UNDERCROFT CLADDING INTERNAL FIT-OUT LANDSCAPE IMPLEMENTATION
ELEVATOR TO RESEARCH CENTRE LINK The mined meteorite materials, sourced from the space elevator, are brought down to the transfer terminals.This is where they are sorted, and then allocated to their designated destinations. From here they are transported by the campus’ infrastructure system to the research centre. Within the research centre, they are placed from their protective boxes into quarantine for maximum security, before exploration and research can be undertaken in hermetically sealed zones.
PROGRAMME LAYOUT CIRCULATION
RECEPTION & ADMIN FACILITIES
ACADEMIC FACILITIES
ANCILLARY ZONES
LABORATORY RESEARCH FACILITIES
BASEMENT _ GENERAL ARRANGEMENT PLAN
GROUND FLOOR _ GENERAL ARRANGEMENT PLAN
KEY:
KEY:
1 2 3
CORE & PLANT / SERVICING LINK TO UNDERGROUND SYSTEM: PASSENGERS LINK TO UNDERGROUND SYSTEM: MATERIALS
6
PREPARATORY ZONE
1
CORE & PLANT / SERVICING
7
CLEAN ROOM
2
TECTONIC LANDSCAPING
8
PLANT ROOM
3
BUILDING OUTLINE ABOVE (UNDULATING UNDERCROFT ABOVE)
4
SORTING ZONE
4
STRUCTURAL COLUMNS
5
QUARANTINE / STORE
5
RECEPTION & INFORMATION CENTRE
4
2
7
6 4
2
1
1
5
5 3
1
1
3
8 4
NTS
SCHEDULE OF ACCOMMODATION
GROUND FLOOR _ REFLECTED CEILING PLAN
FIRST FLOOR _ GENERAL ARRANGEMENT PLAN
KEY:
KEY:
1
2
REFLECTED CEILING PLAN: UNDULATING IRON UNDERCROFT PANELS & CONCRETE BEAM OUTLINE AESTHETIC
1
CORE & PLANT / SERVICING
7
EM SHIELDED ROOM
12
ADMIN OFFICE
17
STORE
2
INTERLINKING BRIDGES BETWEEN LABORATORIES
8
STUDY SPACE
13
LOBBY
18
SOUND & LIGHT ROOM
CONCRETE COLUMN HEADER LOCATION
3
9
LABORATORY: STORE
14
LECTURE ROOM
19
LIBRARY
10
BREAK-OUT / OPEN WORK SPACE
15
PROJECTION ROOM
20
COMPUTER BANK
11
WC & ANCILLARY FACILITIES
16
COMMS
*
LIGHT WELLS
4
LABORATORY: GOWNING ZONE LABORATORY: PREPARATORY ZONE
5
CLEAN ROOM
6
RESEARCH LABORATORY
11 20
*
19
11 6 7 8
1
*
1
*
10
3
5
17
4 3
6
16
2
9 4 9
3
8 5
7
5 6
SCHEDULE OF ACCOMMODATION
13
15
7
NTS
1
14
1
8
18
*
4
5
2
12
6
SECOND FLOOR _ GENERAL ARRANGEMENT PLAN KEY:
1 2 3
CORE & PLANT / SERVICING LABORATORY: WRITE-UP SPACE LABORATORY: SERVICING & EQUIPMENT
4
LOBBY
5
SEMINAR ROOM & BOARD ROOM
6
WC & ANCILLARY FACILITIES
7
LIBRARY
8
READING ROOMS
9
ARCHIVE
10
STORE
*
LIGHT WELLS 6 6
* 10
8
7
*
7
9 3
1
* 4
2
*
4 1 3 2
2
3
NTS
SCHEDULE OF ACCOMMODATION
* 5
1
SCALE 1:200
BASEMENT LEVEL PLAN
SCALE 1:200
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
SCALE 1:200
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
SCALE 1:200
MEZZANINE & SECOND FLOOR PLAN
SCALE 1:500
REFLECTED UNDULATING UNDERCROFT PLAN
SCALE 1:500
ROOF PLAN
AERIAL CONTEXT
MASSING CONTEXT SECTIONS The laboratories manifest in thick, protective walls, with angled fenestration to ensure controlled indirect light to enter the write up spaces. While the library and academic programme zones have large glass panels, and open light wells to allow light in, and views out over the site. Set within a more open, larger spanning construction. SCALE 1:1250
SCALE 1:200
LABORATORY SECTION
SCALE 1:200
LIBRARY SECTION
SCALE 1:200
LIBRARY & LABORATORY SECTION
LIBRARY & ACADEMIC PROGRAMME
LECTURE ROOM & LOBBY
LABORATORY & RESEARCH PROGRAMME
LABORATORY BUNKER
LABORATORY CIRCULATION
LIGHTWELL & STAIR WELLS
TECTONIC LANDSCAPING
LABORATORY INTERCONNECTION
LABORATORY FENESTRATION
LABORATORY PROGRAMME FACADE
ACADEMIC PROGRAMME FACADE
BOULDER GARDEN APPROACH