Dd2 by Fisher

Design Development 2 Location: Wyre MA Landscape Architecture Chris Cox

Design Development 2 Location: Wyre Planting: Edible Lentic Island

Vegetation structure

Context

Potential Planting Conditions

Riparian Peaks

What planting conditions exist across the lentic island?

Typical Lentic Island

Shallow Swamp

Deep Swamp

Shaded Banks

Shallow waterlogged soils

Freely draining Soils

Pockets of sheltered microclimates

Consistently waterlogged grounds

Transition to drier windswept peaks

North facing sloping banks

Rich mineral soils

Exposed Raised topography

Consistently low light levels

Water levels vary slightly but likely to

Full to partial exposure to sunlight

Variability with seasonal change

remain a minimum of 1m deep

Shallow inclines / gradual slopes

Moist shaded banks near flooding

Freshwaters with potential saltwater in

Natural voids, open light pockets

fringes to dry shade higher up

long term

Seasonal / daily water level variation Variable moisture content Sporadic catchments of shallow pools and bog-like soils Exposed low lying grounds

Layers / Conditions Riparian Peaks Shaded Banks

30m

Shallow swamp

1.5m

Stable Wooded Refuge

Deep swamp

125m

Seeding to respond to the conditions and my objectives

Dynamic Flooding Fringes

Large scale island with steep banks and varying water levels

Hydroseedng is: blending selected elements to form a mixture of seed, nutrients, mulch, fertilizer this is sprayed directly onto the ground to begin germination

Edible Lentic Island

Benefits

Issues to address

Solutions to consider

Seeds washed / blown away on slopes.

Biodegradable erosion control blankets

Provide growth stability and aid erosion control on slopes Versatility of possible areas and edges

Include a trackifier in mix

Wild, diverse growing structure

High level of early weed competition

Green Manure prior to hydroseeding

Fast, large scale application

Seeds exposed outside of mulch layer

2-stage mulch application A hydromulch after hydroseeding

Early dry periods may affect seed survival

Irrigation systems and weekly inspections during germination. Respaying weak spots

Suitabily of

approach

High rate of germination

Flexible mixes to suit condition and maximise diversity

Lentic Islands

Planting Philosophy

Context - Develop the ambition discovered in the performance of a “lentic” island. Expanding its potential from not only rehydrating tourists but refuelling by the use of vegetation Purpose - Strengthen the islands as biocentrically created “treasures” across the parkland that are essential stop off spaces for visitors to refuel and forage for foods that emerge in season.

Typical Island Range of island conditions Seeding edible potentials

Exacution - Used hydroseeding as a large scale, fluid and dynamic approach to create and seed diverse seed mixes of edible species that are suited to the island conditions. Maximising edible potentials and dealing with possible steep sided banks.

Flooding Fringes

Wooded Refuge

Shallow Swamp

Shaded banks

Deep Swamp

Riparian Peaks

Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan

Oct

Jan

Oct Oct

Apr

Jan Oct

Apr Oct

July

Butomus umbellatus

July

Jan

Foraging season Oct

Apr

Oct Apr

Oct

Apr

Apr July

Jan

July

July Oct

July

Jan

Apr

Oct

Apr

July July

July

Sambucus Nigra

vaccinium uliginosum

Pontederia cordata

July

Nuphar lutea

Ribes lacustre

July

Mentha Aquatica

Apr

Hosta longissima

Nasturtium Officinale

Asparagus officinalis

Cyperus Esculentus

July

Oct

Apr

Viola odorata

Oct

Apr

Oct

Apr

Urtica dioica

Oct

July

Apr

Oct Jan

Jan

July

Jan

July

Allium urisinum

July

Oct

Rubus Idaeus

July

Jan

Sinapis hirta

July Jan

July

Fagus Sylvatica

Apr

July

Apr

Actinidia arguta issai

Oct

Gunnera tinctoria

Oct

Apr

Prunus Avium

Oct

Jan

Apr

Precedent

What are the key areas of exploration from my planting philosophy?

The use of vegetation conditions and structures as edible systems

SCALE

WATER / TOPOGRAPHY

Use of slopes and water management to create productive micro ecologies

Water is held as a resource to create distinct pond conditions, each with a purpose. Flat zones and deep zones. Built around this is a system of edges, banks which are used to grow fruits, nuts archards, vegetables and grain crops. Terraced slopes provide stability with margins that can be grazed and cleared for fruit to be harvested. Planting and the use of grasses holds the soil together on these banks.

Beacon food forest - Seattle

7,000 - 10,00 acres of Marshland utilised as system for food production. A concept of edible horticulture. Production is set around core produce of native edibles yet in the process of diversifying to a wider range of non native species. A drainage scheme manages water levels and exposes the rich fertile swamp soils. depressions are created to form another growing condition . Cover crops prevents from wind erosion and canals prevent certain areas flooding beyond a productive level Incorporates a home for orchards, brewery, wineries and a collection of markets. All elements from conditions and their management are utilised to create a self sufficient food system

Concepts of permaculture provide wild edibles for people to harvest at will. Visitors can visit the parkland not just for leisure and relaxation but also to eat the fruits that grow on the trees around them. To reduce maintanence and maintain a â&#x20AC;&#x153;wildâ&#x20AC;? vegetation system a permaculture design is used where plants provide natural pest management and help to alter the soil adding nitrogen and mulch as well as, keeping invasive weeds out. The edible park incorporates areas for planting workshops and other spaces with bbq pits for cooking the freshly foraged produce. A concept of allowing a wild vegetation structure to become integral to the urban fabric....foraging opportunities across the street

Creation of conditions

land / water dyanamic

Rotational grazing

Pigs are used as tractors to clear land as part of a rotational grazing system to encourage further growth. Particular cattle species are used (dwarf) which are more sensitive to the landscape and have less impact.

Holland Marsh

Large scale harvesting

Planting not as a monoculture of inflexible plantations but as a range of crops / edibles through the creation of micro climates / conditions as an example of permaculture.

Key Points to apply & Inspire scheme

The islands can use water as a key resource to creating a range of pools both shallow and deep for varying diversity of species.

Lentic islands on a larger scale may function as a food supply system for local shops & markets.

The potential to incorporate productive edges across the islands is possible to further diversify the edible potentials.

A series of lentic islands may exist that cover an extensive area and provide food for the parkland and beyond.

Use sloping banks as an advantages topographical feature creation of various microclimates

Free for all edible & educational woodland

Large scale vegetation structure as an edible resource

Sepp Holzens permaculture farm - Krameterhof

Key Points to apply & Inspire scheme

EDUCATIONAL FORAGING

Wild food haven

Vegetation structure

Key Points to apply & Inspire scheme The foraging haven can serve as grounds for educational classes so incorporate facilities that bring a wider range of people into the site. The lentic island as a managed yet wild and free for all to forage without fixed boundaries or entry prices.

Vegetation structure

Approach

Large scale application that minimises the growth of competitive weeds and maximises the range of edible species. Over time the nature of the seeding method provides a wild dynamic where edible species inhabit the array of conditional zones of the island. Consistent maintanence to remove invasive species and aggressive weeds is needed to maintain a diverse palette of species and maximise the potential edibility of the island.

The resulting soils have a greater structure in terms of nutrient, organic content, water infiltration and weed control to lessen the competition for edible species growth. The soil is then tilled and any weeds cut away in the process. The stage is set for seeding in conditions for maximum diversity for edibles.

The cover crop is cut above the topsoil and left to cover the surface as a organic mulch for around 2 weeks as it decomposes, surpressing weed growth further and improving the soil structure. Shading and cooling the soil surface and providing a habitat for weed eating insects such as the ground beetle.

The mix contains fine textured wood fibre and recycled paper and applied in a split application to ensure all seeds are covered and held in the intended 3d matrix which creates the ideal growing conditions. Without the second bonded fibre mulch application exposed seeds may not germinate without the water, nutrient supply in the soils.

The seeding conditions created by the use of green manure mean the germination stages occur with little competition from weeds. Still to remove weeds at this stage of the structures development is essential for the long term stability of a diverse structure.

First application Second application

Pearl millet - large biomass covers the soils in 15 days to overcrowd weeds and develop a fiberous root system to prevent soil erosion upon the lentic island banks during strong winds and rain. The root system also breaks up the soils to increase its water holding capacity and improve aeration. Improve growing condition

The hydroseeding mix is hosed directly across the soil surface with each mix applied to its specified spatial boundary. The mulch made from biodegradable wood fibers absorbs moisture and holds it in place to support seed germination. Any rainfall after this does not wash the seedlings away but is held in the mulch for seed growth.

Hydroseeding mixing Tank

Seed - mixture appropriate to conditions Water - carrier of seeds, initial growth starter Fertilizer - aid fast germination Mulch - Split application - protects and seals seed in

62-125 kg per hectare of green manure seed is broadcasted across the topsoil. Species chose specifically to meet the conditions and provide a high groundcover to outcompete weeds which would otherwise establish. Seeded in winter whilst weed growing conditions are least productive

Mix

moisture and aids bank stabilisation.

Organic Trackifiers - plant starches, stabilisation and slow release fertilizer

Each potential area is identified by its current and potential conditions and a hydroseeding mix of species is applied to each of these areas. Seeds specificed in pounds are calculated for each conditional zone according to its spatial capacity / acres.

The potential grounds of the lentic island cleared for planting still maintain the threat of weed growth during germination. To eliminate weed competition which would reduce the diversity of the structure, a process of green manure is applied as an organic method of improving the soil structure and increase the chances of edible species establishing.

Biodegradable erosion control mats are deployed upon the steeper banks of the islands to ensure a stable growing condition in the most likely areas to be potentially washed away from strong winds and rain.

Application Hydroseeding

Preparation Green Manure Island Sample

Vegetation structure

Outdoor Classroom

Contextual swatches and plant edibility of what may exisit in the outdoor classroom.

Shaded Banks

Riparian Peaks

Flowers Apr to May Edibility * Fruit *Seed

Flowers Jun to Aug Edibility * Leaves *Oil *Seed

Flowers May to June Edibility * Fruit *Seed

Flowers Jul to July Edibility * Flowers *Fruit

Prunus avium

Sinapis alba

Sambucus Nigra

Actinidia arguta issai

Rubus idaeus

Prunus insititia

Oxalis acetosella

Flowers April to May Edibility * Flowers *Leaves

Seed

Flowers April Edibility * Fruit *Seeds

Flowers May To June Edibility * Flowers *Leaves *Root

Root

Flowers Jul to Sep Edibility * Leaves

Flowers July to Aug Edibility * Leaves

Flowers Jun to Aug Edibility * Fruit

Vaccinium corymbosum

Gunnera tinctoria

Butomus umbellatus

Bacopa caroliniana

Viola odorata

Trapa natans

Pontederia cordata

Flowers Feb to April Edibility * Flowers *Leaves

Flower

Flowers Jun to July Edibility * Seeds

Bulb

Plant

Edibility

Flowers June to Aug Edibility * Leaves *Root *Seeds

Leaf

Flowers July to Sept Edibility * Leaves *Seeds

Mentha aquatica

Vaccinium oxycoccos Ribes lacustre

Oenanthe javanica

Allium ursinum

Flowers Jun to Aug Edibility * Root * Fruit *Stem *Leaves

Shallow Swamp

Flowers May To June Edibility * Fruit *Leaves

Flowers Jul to Sep Edibility * Root *Seed *Tuber

Flowers Jul to Aug Edibility *Stem

Flowers April to May Edibility * Fruit

Ribes nigrum

Elaeagnus umbellata

Flowers Jun to July Edibility * Fruit *Sap

Deep Swamp

Persicaria hydropiper Nasturtium Officinale

Aponogeton distachyos

Flowers Jul to Sept Edibility * Leaves *Seeds

Stem

Flowers Apr to May Edibility * Fruit

Fruit

Flowers Apr to Oct Edibility * Flowers *Root *Stem

Flowers May to Oct Edibility * Leaves *Seeds

Vegetation structure

Dormant Opportunities

Creating a lentic island that is edible all year round

Constraint - Opportunity

Possible Action

How can I add interest to the foraging classroom during the dormant winter season when seeded fruiting opportunities will quickly decline?

Target the moist shaded banks as an ideal staging condition for growing mushrooms which will present a consistent opportunity

Process Drill holes into the log and inoculate with dowels which are inpregnated with mushroom spawn and sealed with a wax coating

Harvest suitable woods during the dormant season Oak - Beech - Birch

After 6 - 18 months the log will be colonised by the Mushroom mycelium and be in the state to begin fruiting.

The shaded banks and Riparian peaks will provide an ideal microclimate for the mushrooms to fruit over time.

Harvesting / preparing growing log Storing prior to fruiting

Sourcing dowel species

inserting growing medium

Establishing in fruiting condition

The example species below can all be sourced in dowel form and are a viable option to fulfilling the dormant season with a unique edible opportunity Oyster mushrooms

In Habit

Dormant Edible Opportunity Precedent: The Perennial Plate Sweden creek farm

Wild garlic and sesame noodles with fired oyster mushrooms

Lionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Mane

Local saltmarsh lamb with poached lions mane mushrooms

Shiitake mushrooms

Locally caught trout with pan fried shiitake mushrooms

A family farm that uses its rural and unique condition to grown and harvest shiitake mushrooms on a large scale. It utilises the processes and unique microlimate that exists on the farm and incorporates into produce into a local food system. I can take from this how they have created a unique opportunity from the location and conditions they have access to that makes the space distinctive and performative year round.

Picking the fruits of a dormant season

Vegetation structure

Approach

The creation of two unique dynamics has to be considered in how each is to be approached in the variability of management.

Outer Dynamic

Vision of management

Flooding Fringes

Maintain and promote species richness with the maximum diversity of edibles possible in the seeded conditions

Consistently wet soils with variable water depth. Freshwaters used for rehydration with such pureness and potential limited access on foot to be considered in its management.

Potential Actions to achieve vision

Physical

Mechanical Harvesting

Harvesting would be possible when larger, deeper pools develop and potentially a larger scale of species removal may be required. Cut and removed, large volumes of heavy cuttings can be gathered and either used for edible possibilities or disposed of as invasive.

Hand Pulling

Dredging

Still lentic waters may accumulate with silt, creating shallower pools and increasing light penetration for weed growth. Small scale draglines would remove the bottom sediment deepening the pools and reducing the light avaliability for weeds to establish. This method could be applied once a year to maintain optimum lentic conditions.

Barriers

Lifting, pulling or netting the plant and its root from the waters surface. It provides a high degree of control for targeting specific areas. Is is a precise yet time consuming option however is can ensure the root of the weed is removed so less resources will have to be invested in dealing with a quick recurrence

Case study application Lake Olmstead

Floating booms can be deployed where communities of species need division and boundaries to maintain a balanced system. The spread of dominant species can be retained in zones to prevent growth across other spaces which would decrease the diversity of species.

Maintenence Dredging Upon a large scale 130,000 cubic yards of accumulated sediment are to be removed by the method of dredging. This issues being addressed include stormwaters infiltrating the pond with litter, silt and aquatic weeds. One dredging exercise aims to eliminate the accumulated silt and with this the problems of aquatic weeds which are affecting the purity of the water for drinking.

Water level manipulation

Lowering the water level where submerged weeds are dominant to stem their growth adding control to the condition. A seasonal inspection and level manipulation via pumping the water out every winter in weed consumed ponds will expose the invasive species to harsh growing conditions.

Animal Introduction

Cover sheeting

Introducing grass carp into the lentic ponds which may emerge is a non biological method of controlling possible weed growth. This process is not an immediate control but over a year / two year period such fish are likely to reduce the number of weed grasses within a pond. After the weeds have been removed grass carp steaks can be utilised as an edible o the island.

Case study application North York Moors

In the still lentic waters where heavy infestations of weeds may accumulate black polythene sheeting can be deployed across the waters surface (50% max to conserve fauna growth and water oxygen levels).I nstantly covering large areas, blocking out sunlight and cooling the waters surface, over a 6 month time period gradually eliminating the weeds

Control of floating pennyworth Condition: Shallow margins Species which can grow at 20cm per day to form dense mats of vegetation restrictive to diversity and access to the water. Regular cutting is performed from may to october to maintain control and hand pulling target areas can in small areas completely eradicate the species.Its ability to regrow from a single node means hand pulling is essential to remove 100% of the plant in small infestations. Its resistance to chemicals means regular cutting followed by hand pulling is a necessary method currently exhibited. Local users of the water are educated in the dominance of this species and they also contribute to its removal via their participation on the water.

Vegetation structure

Approach

The creation of two unique dynamics has to be considered in how each is to be approached in the variability of management.

Central Dynamic Vision of management

Wooded Refuge

Maintain and promote species richness with the maximum diversity of edibles possible in the seeded conditions

Sloping, well drained soils with the vision of a dense yet diverse and variable wooded canopy of shelter, refuge and edibility. Pockets of light encourage diversity from the canopy to the ground floor

Potential Actions to achieve vision

Coppice, Rides & Glades

Mulching

There is a potential to use composted green waste, (organic mulches) as a resource and material to control and enhance the growth of species in particular areas. The cover crop can be cut and harvested and used as a biomass mulch to enhance the soil structure and particularly effective during the early growth of seedlings and if areas are to be replanted.

Case study application North York Moors

Selective coppicing to mimic natural processes has the ability to add more physical layers to the riparian structure, and with this greater diversity, light levels and growing conditions. Creating a shallow coppiced ‘scallop’ is a potential approach suited to the scale of the island that will encourage diversity. Small openings linking rich grassy pathways (rides)

Control of japanease knotweed Condition: Shaded banks A form of biological control to prevent the growth and spread of knotweed is exhibited in the form of a insect, Aphalara itadori. Where knotweed is present and potentially establishing, the release of these insects as a natural predator to eat only the knotweed. Dispersed in isolated sites they have the potential to feed on this weed, stunting its growth and spread. This method preserves surrounding fauna with a direct application to the potentially destructive species without the use of chemicals.

Pollinators

Flaming

The use of pollinisers can aid in the longevity of the structure, its ability to maintain and increase an abundant growth of edibles species. For example placing beehives within the structure during bloom periods will encourage the growth of species including cherry. A management tool that looks into the long term spread and growth of the structure.

Conservation grazing

Used for immediate control and impact. Potential use during a wet season and where the riparian peaks provide pockets of moist soils unable to catch fire. Flaming and killing invasive weeds with without damage to the edible species. Early examinations would allow invasive species to be identified when young and easily flamed to reduce edible competition

Case study application Kings Gap Environmental Education

Conservation grazing is the use of domesticated grazing livestock to maintain and increase the biodiversity in a range of habitat types.. It is a tool that can be used to define my lentic conditions and approach this with a particular grazing species. Vision of decreasing the amount of dominant species and to increase the presence of rarer species. Species richness.

Targeted Goat Grazing A 70 acre unit aims to maintain a pine plantation to serve as a habitat for a large variety of woodland species, this serving as an educational centre. Without the diversity the educational programme is under threat. Invasive plants are a major issue in maintaining a healthy forest ecosystem. The use of 6 locally leased goats from farmers placed within a defined and fenced treatment area. Over a 30 day period the outbreak of the “mile a minute” weed had been eliminated by the goats grazing. Control of the space is then regained and the goats are moved to other weed infested zones.

Purpose Planting

Seeding a vigorous ground cover plant has the ability to act as a weed surpressing tool. Species with thrive in dry shade such as Dryopteris filix-mas which can still hold edible potentials. The young fronds cooked to create a flavour similar to asparagus

Vegetation structure

Edible species are more likely to establish with the reduction of competitive grasses. The geese can be reintroduced in certain areas to clear the understory where grasses may dominate and create a condition for planting ginger and sweet potatoes. They can also function across a variety of terrains and can be used to remove waterweeds where machienery may be destructive

Management

Management of the lentic island without the use of herbicides to maximise the diversity of edibles.

Weeder Geese

weeder geese reduce aggressive grass numbers which could grow and consume the seeded edibles during germination. They also provide eggs for consumption and act as natural â&#x20AC;&#x153;manure spreadersâ&#x20AC;? to fertilize the soils.

Key Asset With Management

Cutting back only the weed grasses during germination

Potential situation Nut grasses, sedge and chickweed estabilish and dominate the moist riparian banks of the lentic island, greatly reducing the edible diversity of the structure.

Action The identified target area is bounded off with portable fencing with 6 geese per acre as a rule being used in the space to gradually cut back these dominant weed grasses.

Without management Perennial grasses such as Johnson and nut grass could establish during germination and quickly consume areas stunting the growth of the seeded edibles and threatening the foraging opportunities.

Boer Goat

A small herd of goat can clear the bounded space of invasive poisonous species which would reduce the potential diversity of the structure spreading over time.

Key Asset Clearing large areas of thick brush upon steep Island slopes

With Management

Potential situation Bucktorn and Knapweed begin to overwhelm the riparian peaks and steep sloped banks reducing diversity and restricting the foraging access routes throughout the island.

Area cleared without herbicides and edibles replanted to strengthen diversity

Action Scotch broom - invasive & poisonous spreading across the sloping banks and consuming the diversity of the structure to a monoculture with few edible opportunities. impassable and inedible

A medium size herd are grazed over a temporary period to entirely clear the area of woody trees / weeds. Regeneration of a edible diversity can then be achieved by livestock that are adapt to the topography.

Portable fencing to bound the invasive zone. This can vary in size and form to suit the sprawl of invasive woody species and form a temporary boundary that can be used various times across the island.

Without management

Planting Plan - Typical Lentic Island

Figures based upon ration of standard hydroseeding application. Per Acre: 2000lbs Mulch : 400 lbs fertilizer : 345 lbs Seed

Approach - Large scale hydroseeding

250 m

Shallow Swamp 1

Contours taken at 5m intervals

Foraging Educational zone See planting plan 1.2 for detail

Shallow Swamp

Conditional Area

0.20 acres 400 lbs Mulch 80 lbs Fertiliser 69 lbs Seed

(SH) 30% (CE) 30% (AD) 30% (WA) 10%

Shallow Swamp 3

Schedule / hydroseed mix

0.04 acres 80 lbs Mulch 16 lbs Fertiliser 14 lbs Seed

Shallow Swamp 5

Schedule / hydroseed mix

0.35 acres 700 lbs Mulch 140 lbs Fertiliser 120 lbs Seed

(MA) 90% (SG) 10%

Schedule / hydroseed mix (SC) 20% (SH) 10% (MA) 30% (WA) 10% (SG) 30%

Shallow Swamp 2 0.25 acres 500 lbs Mulch 100 lbs Fertiliser 87 lbs Seed

Shallow Swamp 4 0.06 acres 120 lbs Mulch 24 lbs Fertiliser 21 lbs Seed

Deep Swamp 1 0.40 acres 800 lbs Mulch 160 lbs Fertiliser 138 lbs Seed

Deep Swamp 3 0.14 acres 280 lbs Mulch 56 lbs Fertiliser 48 lbs Seed

(SC) 50% (PH) 20% (NC)20% (SG) 10%

Schedule / hydroseed mix (AD) 50% (NC) 50%

Seeding Notes Hydroseeding in May after the process of green manure has been carried out across the site.

Deep Swamp

Conditional Area

Schedule / hydroseed mix

Schedule / hydroseed mix (PC) 40% (BU) 40% (BC) 20%

Deep Swamp 2 0.18 acres 360 lbs Mulch 72 lbs Fertiliser 62 lbs Seed

Schedule / hydroseed mix (BC) 30% (WC) 30% (OJ) 25% (PC) 15%

Schedule / hydroseed mix

Deep Swamp 4

Schedule / hydroseed mix

(OJ) 20% (VC) 30% (PC) 20% (WC) 30%

0.20 acres 400 lbs Mulch 80 lbs Fertiliser 69 lbs Seed

(OJ) 40% (VC) 20% (BU) 25% (PC) 15%

4 Deep Swamp 5

0.35 acres 700 lbs Mulch 140 lbs Fertiliser 120 lbs Seed

6 2

1 250 m

40m 35m

0.40 acres 800 lbs Mulch 160 lbs Fertiliser 138 lbs Seed

1 Shaded Bank 3

20m

0.30 acres 600 lbs Mulch 120 lbs Fertiliser 104 lbs Seed

3 4

Hydroseeding Species pallette Shallow Swamp Palette

(SC) (SH) (AD) (NC) (MA) (CE) (PH) (SG) (WA)

Seeding Notes Hydroseeding in May after the process of green manure has been carried out across the site. Where land is too wet to hydroseed, direct seeding can occur using a drum seeder with the same seed mix as indicated. Hydroseeding takes precedent where possible

Shaded Banks

Conditional Area Shaded Bank 1

(BC) 40% (BU)10% (PC) 20% (WC) 10% (CW) 20%

30m

25m

Schedule / hydroseed mix

Schedule / hydroseed mix (PI) 35% (VO) 30% (SN) 20% (BV) 10% (CR) 5%

Schedule / hydroseed mix (VO) 3o% (BV) 20% (AU) 10% (PI) 40%

Shaded Bank 2 0.50 acres 1000 lbs Mulch 200 lbs Fertiliser 173 lbs Seed

Shaded Bank 4 0.22 acres 440 lbs Mulch 88 lbs Fertiliser 76 lbs Seed

Shaded Bank 5 0.04 acres 80 lbs Mulch 16 lbs Fertiliser 14 lbs Seed

10m 5m

Schedule / hydroseed mix (BA) 35% (SN) 10% (RN) 30% (CR) 25%

Rubus idaeus - Raspberry Fagus Sylvatica - Beech Urtica dioica - Nettle Prunus avium - Wild Cherry Actinidia arguta issai - Hardy Kiwi Rosa canina - Dog rose Oxalis acetosella - Wood sorrel Sinapis alba - White mustard Elaeagnus umbellata - Autumn olive Plantago major - Broadleaf plantain

Shaded Bank Palette

(BA) (BV) (SN) (AU) (VO) (RN) (PI) (CR)

Barbarea verna - land cress Barbarea vulgaris - yellow rocket Sambucus Nigra - Elderberry Allium ursinum - Wood garlic Viola odorata - Sweet violet Ribes nigrum - Blackcurrent Prunus insititia - Damson Gunnera tinctoria - Chilean rhubarb

(RN) 35% (SN) 25% (BA) 15% (BV) 10% (VO) 15%

Seeding Notes

Split application used - Seeded first and second mulch layer applied after for bank stability. Biodegradable erosion blankets installed on loose soils or on slopes upto 1:1

3 Riparian Peaks

5 Riparian Peak 1 0.60 acres 1200 lbs Mulch 240 lbs Fertiliser 207 lbs Seed

Schedule / hydroseed mix (AAI) 35% (BP) 10% (WM) 30% (UD) 25%

Riparian Peak 2 0.85 acres 1700 lbs Mulch 340 lbs Fertiliser 295 lbs Seed

Riparian Peak Palette

(RI) (FS) (UD) (PA) (AAI) (RC) (OA) (WM) (AO) (BP)

Schedule / hydroseed mix

Hydroseeding in May after the process of green manure has been carried out across the site.

Conditional Area Oenanthe javanica - water celery Bacopa carolinianna - lemon bacopa Vaccinium corymbosum - blueberry Ipomoea aquatica - Chinese water spinach Butomus umbellatus - Flowering Rush Pontederia cordata - pickerel weed Water caltrop - water chesnut

(AU) 30% (SN) 30% (BV) 20% (CR) 20%

15m

Small cranberry - Vaccinium oxycoccos Swamp hosta - Hosta longissima Aponogeton distachyos - Water hawthorn Nasturtium Officinale - Watercress Mentha aquatica - Water mint Cyperus Esculentus - Nut grass Persicaria hydropiper - Water pepper Ribes lacustre - Swamp gooseberry Asparagus officinalis - Wild asparagus

Deep Swamp Palette

(OJ) (BC) (VC) (CW) (BU) (PC) (WC)

Schedule / hydroseed mix

Riparian Peak 3 0.60 acres 1200 lbs Mulch 240 lbs Fertiliser 207 lbs Seed

Riparian Peak 5 N

0.94 acres 1880 lbs Mulch 375 lbs Fertiliser 324 lbs Seed

Schedule / hydroseed mix (FS) 40% (PA) 25% (AO) 10% (OA) 25%

Schedule / hydroseed mix (FS) 30% (RC) 30% (AO) 10% (BP) 15% (OA) 15%

Riparian Peak 4 0.80 acres 1600 lbs Mulch 320 lbs Fertiliser 276 lbs Seed

Riparian Peak 6 0.60 acres 1200 lbs Mulch 240 lbs Fertiliser 207 lbs Seed

Schedule / hydroseed mix (RI) 20% (PA) 10% (OA) 30% (WM) 20% (FS) 20%

Schedule / hydroseed mix (RC) 25% (UD) 30% (PA) 30% (WM) 15%

Schedule / hydroseed mix (AAI) 40% (RI) 30% (OA) 10% (WM) 10% (UD) 10%

1:500 @A1

Vegetation structure

Change In Time

A look across the process of seeding the island and the timescales involved in its progress in providing edibility for park visitors over time

25%

55%

73%

89%

Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

100%

% of structure seeded - Timescale

Initial Condition - Typical

Day 4

Weed levels

% of 8 Acre structure

18%

55%

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

16%

11%

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Soil Structure

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Site Preparation and seeding phase

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Action 1 = Hydroseed Riparian Peaks

Action 3 = Hydroseed Shallow Swamps

Action 4 = Hydroseed Deep Swamps

Hydroseeded area:

4.4 acres

Hydroseeded area:

1,46 acres

Hydroseeded area:

0.9 acres

Hydroseeded area:

1.27acres

Total Mulch required:

8780lbs

Total Mulch required:

2920lbs

Total Mulch required:

1800 lbs

Total Mulch required:

2540 lbs

Total Fertiliser Required:

1755lbs

Total Fertiliser Required:

1755lbs

Total Fertiliser Required:

360 lbs

Total Fertiliser Required:

598 lbs

Total Seed Required:

1516lbs

Total Seed Required:

505lbs

Total Seed Required:

311 lbs

Total Seed Required:

437 lbs

2,500 Gallon Working Capacity Tank

Green Manure Process Site preparation

Action 2 = Hydroseed Shaded Banks

Hydroseeding process

Day 1 & 2

1,500 Gallon Working Capacity Tank

Day 3

335 Gallon Working Capacity Tank

Day 4

335 Gallon Working Capacity Tank

Day 4

Typical lentic island is 8 acres which is to be hydroseeded in conditional phases

Management Intensity & Tools

A Saltwater pallette emerges in the next 20-30 years if the flooding processes fulfill their expectations

Initial intensity to establish high rates of germination and a robust future structure

Structure diversity Variable with seasons yet gradually increasing with establishment of seeded species across varying growing rates

Sea samphire

Structure Edibility

Sea lavender

Sea Purslane

A boom in management of the structure will required as the flood waters provide another layer of opportunity to the structure. Its boundaries may blur with the encroaching tide and provide the staging for new edibles

Variable with seasons yet gradually increasing with establishment of seeded species across varying growing rates

High

Sea beet

Without management Dominance of aggressive species consuming the edibility of a diverse structure into a monoculture of limited opportunitys on a fixed timescale E.g Water Pepper consuming an entire planting pallette. Initial pallette seeded 7-8 species -one species remains (one opportunity)

Accurate method - Hand Pulling Within the germination stages competition from aggressive and invasive species will be at its most damaging to the structure. Regular handpulling to gain great accuracy and elemination although labour intensive will increase the chances of seed survival and the long term establishment of the island.

Guiding method - Booms The increase in water levels may provide the grounds for deploying floating barriers. This to subtly restrain the growth of particular dominance and create zones of activity that can be left for biocentic processes to fulfill

Productive method - Harvesting Large masses of vegetation can be cleared when they are in season. This will clear expansive trails of vegetation and create voids of light, microclimates for new growth

Within the next 7-10 years the structures edibility will gradually rise as the seedlings mature and establish within the seasonally fruiting cycle. A salt water intrusion may halt this edibilty in the short term yet with the potential creation of new growing conditions will increase the growth of edibles in the distant future.

Low

Germination Phase

Establishment Phase

Seed to 1 years

2-10 years

E.g harvesting expansive clusters of watermint between July & October will create new grounds for growth and supply the refuge with a mass of mint teas

Long term flooding Phase -New salt water stage 10+ years

The vision over the next 10 years shows the gradual decrease in intense management, letting a robust structure evolve with guidance when required. The diversity and edibility form a positive correlation, the management a neautral relationship

Vegetation structure

Management Vision

An abstract, artistic impression of how I feel the vegetation structure should develop with suitable management methods in place

Indicative key Riparian Peak Edibility

Shaded Bank Edibility

Shallow Swamp Edibility

Deep Swamp Edibility

Salt water intrusion Edibility

Aggressive / Destructive Species

Watercolour aerial swatches of island transtions

Negative vision - A singular, restricted monoculture

Aggressive species may begin to spread between conditional boundaries

They may exisit in isolation in large conditions or begin to consume boundaries

Establishing

Seeded

The edibility and diversity of the structure may begin to shrink, consumed by singular species

Flooding Future

Without appropriate management the structure may fall into a monoculture consumed by dominant species - uninspiring and void of the opportunities the conditions present.

Fruitful Vision - A diverse, fluid and flexible system

Seeded

The diversity in conditions is clear the boundaries flexing and shifting with each other with great subtly

Potentially damaging growth is managed to prevent unwanted spreading into balanced areas

Establishing

The core richness of each condition is still maintained even if is boundaries may have blurred into its surroundings

Flooding Future

The end state is a balance of maximising diversity with the hydroseeded species with blurring conditional boundaries and controlling aggressive species to allow a majority to fourish. Shown here in the diverse richness of conditional colours

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Ribes nigrum

Viola odorata Urtica dioica

Swamp hosta

Persicaria hydropiper

Pontederia cordata

Ipomoea aquatica

Water caltrop

Oenanthe javanica

Butomus umbellatus

Shallow / Deep Swamp

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Between seeded mixes - trampled pathways

Stinging nettle beer

Blackcurrent Jams

Stir-fried water spinach and garlic

Nettle soup

Roasted waterchestnuts

Hosta salad garnishes with water pepper and watercress

Nettle Pesto

Waterchestnut salad with pickerel weed leaves

Viola infused vinegar

Riparian Peaks

Oxalis acetosella

Fagus Sylvatica

Rubus idaeus

Toast / Beechnut Butter

Wild Rose Hip Soup

Wild Rubus Crumble

Autumn olive jelly

Baked Plantain

Rosehip jelly

Wood sorrell and onion tart

Weeds: Knotweed chilled soup & Knotweed muffins Autumn olive ketchup

Red cedar chewing gum

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Rosa canina

Thuja plicata

Elaeagnus umbellata

Rose Hip Jam

Spaces between the seeded species are left clear to be managed and trampled by visitors into access routes through the mix of diverse species, infitting with the character of the space.

These edges and spaces may need to be cut back at times, particularaly during establishment of species to aid the subtle definition of the routes through the island.

The rural wild character is retained by this method as visitors trample down soft routes and edges which will over time aid to surpress weeds and carve natural routes to explore.

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Sinapis alba

Plantago major

Rose petal Wine

Wild Cherry biscuits Elderflower champagne / cordial Damson Pie

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Wild garlic soup Spring Kiwi juice wild salad garnished with yellow rocket

Wild Rubus Crumble Minature sweet Kiwiâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Barbarea and ursinum soup

Wild Plum wine

Actinidia arguta issai

Prunus insititia

Barbarea vulgaris

Barbarea verna

Sambucus Nigra

Allium ursinum

Prunus avium

Riparian Peaks / Shaded Banks

Viola odorata

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Wild Fungi Mushroom fruiting logs are scattered throughout the structure in damp shaded spots. Prepared logs will produce fruit for upto 5 years before a new batch will need to be dispersed across the structure

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Semi-Traditional Marshmallow Wild Mint tea Mackerel and gooseberry salad

Candied tigernuts Gooseberry chutney Saltmarsh Lamb with wild mint sauce

Tigernut cake Gooseberry tart Cranberry barbecue sauce

Trout and wild asparagus

Shallow Swamp

Gunnera tinctoria

Asparagus officinalis

Vaccinium oxycoccos

Mentha aquatica

Nasturtium Officinale

Ribes lacustre

Cyperus Esculentus

Storing to harvesting a range of mushrooms including shiitake, lions maine and oyster.

Vegetation structure

Outdoor Classroom

Dyanmic - fluid approach where the seeds are directly broadcasted to form rich edges and unique confrontations over time

Foraging Classroom Indicative planting plan (Detail 1.2)

50m VC Conditional boundaries

BC GT

OJ TN

+5m

RI BU

+3m

+5m

Small rafts and waders to take people into the deeper waters.

EU AAI

Trampled grass Pathways - clear

35m

+10m

+15m PI

MA VO

AAI

Willow Wicker fruit pickers

+20m Foraging shelter

SA PI

Shaded Banks

Riparian Peaks Species Planting Theory

Elaeagnus umbellata

Deciduous Shrub - linear stretches creating a soft boundary between species

Actinidia arguta issai

Spreading Ground cover - isolated clusters to define space and spread out over time

Prunus insititia Gunnera tinctoria

Viola odorata

Allium ursinum Bulbous herbaceous perennial - Isolcated clusters spread out in defininf colonies over time

Oenanthe javanica

Bacopa caroliniana Butomus umbellatus

Pontederia cordata

Ribes lacustre

Persicaria hydropiper

Annual herb - Several small patches in the cold, shallow ditches in the swamp.

herbaceous perennial - Lining the pond margins to creep into the deeperwater over time

Vaccinium oxycoccos

Deciduous shrub - Large cluster on gradual wet sloping soils

Sprawling emersive herb - Small cluster in the deepest waters to spread out between species over time

Evergreen dwarf shrubs - indicates the transition to moist soils on the shallow fringes

Aquatic perennial - medium cluster in the marsh like soils, a controllable formation

Mat forming ground cover - Isolated clusters to define space and spread out over time

Trapa natans

Aponogeton distachyos

Aquatic perennial - Marginal growth best suited to the progressivly deeper central waters

Aquatic annual - Medium cluster in the deepest waters, a controllable formation

large-leaved perennial - Lining the shaded transitional edge with the moist swamp soils

Spreading Ground cover - isolated clusters to define space and spread out over time

Oxalis acetosella

Deciduous Tree - Small clusters of planting on the most exposed edges with its tolerance to maritime winds

Spreading Deciduous Tree - Singular patches

Sinapis alba

Sambucus Nigra

Vaccinium corymbosum

Shallow Swamp VC

Evergreen shrub - Lining the swamp edge to colonate along a linear mire

Deciduous Shrub - Belts upon the dappled most shaded edge

Deciduous Shrub - Woodland Fringes

Prunus avium

Deciduous Shrub - Clusters on the woodland - shaded bank transition edge

AAI

Deciduous climber trained on walkway boarder

Rubus idaeus

Ribes nigrum

Deep Swamp

herbaceous perennials - marginal clump forming spreading acorss the deep swamp edges

Nasturtium Officinale

Semi-aquatic perennial - Mat forming clusters in the transition to deeper waters

Mentha aquatica Aquatic perennial - Marginal growth in linear belts across the shallow pool edges

Vegetation structure

Soft Technology

Evidence of hydorseeding as a seeding technology that is suitable for developing a robust, diverse vegetation structure.

H Y D R O S E E D I N G

I S

The process of combining seed, mulch, fertilizer, and trackifiers with water to mix in a Hydroseeder tank forming a viscous slurry. This slurry is applied with pressure jets to the surface for seed germination to begin

Core Ingrediants Seed Mix

Purpose in process

Diverse seed mix tailored to suit and thrive in the seeded conditions identified

Water

Fertilizer

Added to aid the supply of essential nutrients for growth and germination survival

Example hydorseeding / hydromulching in action Company: Lanyonscapes - Dam Regeneration Works

Transportation

Application

Growth

Establishment

Mix and transport

First Pass

Second Pass

Complete

Trackifer Transported and mixed in a jet agitated hydroseeder tank / varying in gallon capacity dependant on size of area to be seeded

An essential element to kickstart seedling growth and acts as a carrier for spraying the mix greater distances

A biodegradable soil adhesive that holds the new soil matrix together during heavy rains and storms on steep sided banks

Wood fibre Mulch

Water retentive polymers

Provides high levels of moisture retention and insulation for faster germination. Also coloured to add a visual indication of the hydroseeded areas to avoid overspraying

Helps retain soil moisture and seed contact with water to prevent the conditions drying out during germination

Accurately Sprayed / hosed directly onto the ground surface to begin germination

Seedlings are left exposed to high winds and out of contact with essential water and nutrients for growth

Mulch is applied in a second pass to ensure exposed seeds are covered and insulated, increasing germination and survival rates

Efficient seeding process is complete in a short timescale and with a unique and diverse seed mix for each conditional area

A second pass of mulch covers these exposed seedlings vastly increasing the survivial rate and potential for a diverse structure

Vegetation structure

Soft Technology

Evidence of hydroseeding and associated technologies to back up my lentic island approach.

Technological Approach: Hydroseeding Example precedent : Bayside quarry - seeding large areas on unstable steep gradients. Hydroseeding is used as a seeding method that is suited to covering large scale areas that are difficult to access and establish vegetation given the banks erosional processes

Initial condition - open exposed soils void of any vegetation

Hydroseeded mix including native grasses, barley and clover are directly hosed onto the ground via a 3,000 gallon capacity slurry mixer. It propells the mix over 230 feet up the banks with a green dye indicating the seeded gound to ensure 100% coverage

6 acres of land is covered in just over 1 day of hydroseeding. 2 weeks pass untill rapid germination occurs with the mulch and trackifier applied in the mix retaining moisture and soil structure whilst the seedlings develop

6 weeks allows enough time for a vigorous root system to develop and the grass mix to almost entirely cover the open soil and aid in the stabilisation of the bankside

3 months after initial hydroseeding has taken place. The barley and clover within the grass mix have matured producing strong roots and a desired grass mix that has 100% covered the specified boundaries

3 month timescale to developing vegetative cover including Red fescue, alsike clover, Fall rye and spring barley through the hydroseeding process

Technological Approach: Hydroseeding Example precedent : Colorado River Delta Restoration Hydroseeding a test 5 acre plot to test out its application and potential for forest restoration in the delta. Aiming to achieve a genetically diverse more robust forest structure than seeding with planting cuttings.

A 5 acre demonstration layout is drafted out with indicative planting area to be hydroseeded with certain species on a testable timescale

The test area is prepared, all grass upturned and the bare soil tilled to create germination pockets ready to be hydroseeded

The seed collected from mature cottonwood and willow trees is dried, cleaned and the pre outlined areas have been hydroseeded using a 50gallon seeder tank. 5 months on shows the establishment of native willow species

16 month timescale over a 5 acres site developmeing a robust forest of cottonwood and willow species.

The end results prove the method of hydroseeding is viable to achieve a robust, diverse and wild structure when the species is seeded with the right growing conditions. From this test 5 acres the hydroseeding method is set to increase to 30 acres and help restore native forests across the delta

Part of the management is for the workers on the site to regulrarly hand pull and cut down any invasive species which threaten the survival and establishment of a native diverse structure.

Precedents

Soft Technology

Examples of the use of soft technologies that can inspire and inform the design and management of the lentic island

Erosion Control blankets - biodegradable

Organic trackifiers The organic material will biodegrade over time yet holds the seed in place long enough untill a strong root system has developed

Loose steep sided banks cause a issue in the establishment of vegetation with unstable soils and the likelyhood of seeds being washed away of disturbed in strong winds. Erosion control blankets in these situations offer a impermanent solution that uses natural materials to aid seed germination in such conditions.

Deployment of nets, stapled onto a steep riverbank prior to seeding

One year on the vegetation and root system has successfully established and stabalise the bank soils

The guar - glue loike substance added to a hydroseed mix provides viscosity and adhesive qualitys essential for binding the seed to steep sided soils.

Added to a hydroseed mix the trackifier aids the distance that can be covered from a powered hose. Greater range of application

Key points

Provide soil stability to aid the germination of seeds untill a strong fiberous root system has developed, the mats gradually biodegrade as the vegetation takes over its role and stabalise the soil

Usually guar based they are an essential component to binding and holding a hydroseed mix in place on steep sided slopes and banks, preventing the seed from being washed or blown away.

Constructed in 3 layers - top layer jute fiber, middle layer coconut fiber, bottom layer jute fibre. All elements are 100% biodegradable

They are a temporary adhesive that over time will decompose into the soil or be washed away once the seeds have established a viberous root system.

In addition to protecting the seed the mats create a unique microclimate that retains moisture and heat to establish the optimum growing conditions for germinating seeds. This improves the rate of seedling survival and reduces the investment in replanting in the long term.

This organic subtance whcih holds the seed in place whilst allowing air and water to pass through is essential in a hydroseed mix which includes, seed, water, mulch and fertiliser. It also acts as a carrying and stabilisation agent to impove seedling germination and survival.

Soft Technology

Soil Stability And Seed Germination

Soft Technology

Soil Stability And Seed Germination

Design Development 2 Location: Wyre Materiality: Refuge / Restaurant

Materiality

Context

Vision

Land / water boundaries

Design Requirements

The selection of materials based on their performance in the intended environment and potential longevity

Utilise the dynamic processes that exist along the coastal fringes to construct and fabricate a platform for a temporary restaurant / refuge. A key facility within the park it offers visitors layers of opportunities with degrees of permanence that are staged upon the flooding conditions of the site. The primary vision to be created is a space for foraged foods to be enjoyed (Lentic Island as natural refuelling point) it is flexible to perform on a range of different levels and conditions to provide opportunities that change with the processes than inhabit the space.

Where could a platform of opportunities exist that uses flood processes as its main resource to oparate?

vid Pro

Raised Platform

Condition Coastal Fringes

e sa n rou fe g ds fro ida mT

l flo odi

e vi d Pro

er el t Sh

Core Requirements

fro

nd wi ing l i va pre

ain &R

lightweight canopy

Provide Flexible seating

Fold out furniture

Temporary Restaurant / Refuge

Terraced Edge

ss to uctive acce xible, prod Provide fle

e waters edg

Acc om o

te 2 0-3

eop

Spatial consideration

Flexible Functions Other layers of opportunity that might exist

Outdoor BBQâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s & Foraging cooking classes

Outdoor Educational Classroom

Meeting point / Beacon

Hunting Platform

Aquatic trail stop off point

Safe tidal swimming pools

Temporary Restaurant

Refuge

Precedent Function Opportunity

Shielded Culinary Platform A sheltered refuge where a secure, sheilded microclimate is created for lighting bbq’s, grilling and smoking freshly caught fish

Raised vantage for social interaction, waterfowl sighting. hunting and as an educational classroom

Pirrama Park

Tidal Salt “pod”

Darwin Waterfront

Fold out social platform

Lighthouse of Finisterre

Distinguishing The Spatial Layers Upon the raised platform

Upon the southfacing fringes of the structure captuing tidal inundation for consistent swimming opportunities for all ages.

Pirrama Park

Dry off fringes A splash out zone and transitional space for entering and drying off from the tidal salt pod.

Performative access point upon the platform which terraces the tidal flood for a range of fishing methods, drop off points and expressive enterances to the water.

Victoria Park

Concertina Canopy

Jack Evans Boat Harbour

Flexible edge

Stable, strong structure with a flexible lightweight canopy which offers adjustable shade and shelter from the prevailing coastal winds and rain.

These core spatial layers make up the temporary refuge however they have a sense of mobility and fluidity and can be arranged in varying

Elastic Edge Fishing inspired nets suspended above the water to provide a new flexible immersion with the landscape. walking on, lying on the transparent edge also is also utilised for tieing crab & fish cages.

Metis Garden Festival

arrangements to suit the conditions of the site.

Small, compact structure to allow visitors privacy and changing facilities before experiencing the tidal pod. Watertight food stall offering a range of seasonal dishes.

Urban Coffee pop up

Changing rooms / food stall

Materiality

Spatial Arrangement

Design Requirements requirements and the potential

Design throughout the spatial layers

opportunities

Flexible Edge Offer access to all Tolerant to tidal salt washes Resistant to consistent temperature changes Offer grip underfoot when wet

Dry Off Fringes Tolerant to salt water Offer comfortable access underfoot for swimmers (bare feet) Provide permeability Provide stepped access to the tidal salt pod

Tidal Salt “Pod”

Potential Opportunities Access during variable water levels Range of fishing platforms Casting Spearing Scoop netting Spot cages Long lining

Offer varying water levels for attracting a range of people

Wading

Have an access point from the dry off fringes into the water

Trails stop off point

Allow the flow of water in and out to prevent stagnant waters

Potential Opportunities Shallow and deep Swimming for all ages

Canopy Strong and durable to withstand high coastal winds

Winter ice cold plunge pool - natural therapy

Harvest solar power and rainwater for “restaurant” potentials

Herb growing pod

Provide shade and shelter

Fish keep Saltwater energy pool Winter ice skating Alternative seating / fishing edge

Potential Opportunities Rainwater / solar harvesting - energy for: Lighting - midnight bbq’s Boiling fresh water - poaching fish / foraged mint teas replenishing tourists water supplies Storing freshly caught shellfish

Changing Rooms

Storing smoking woodchip

Stable during high coastal winds Provide private changing space be flexible to provide an out of season purpose - shelter Provide a sense of transparency and well lit internal space. Out of season shelter / refuge

Culinary Platform Heat and fire resistant Tolerant of extreme temperature variation / change Offer space for sitting and cooking freshly caught fish Remain safe and usable when cooking Tolerant of exposed coastal conditions

Potential Opportunities BBQ freshly caught fish

Social Fold Out Provide flexible seating areas for visitors to the restaurant

Smoking fish with a variety of woods Out of season hot / fresh drinking water - herbal teas Sheltered, shielded refuge year round

Provide unfoldable social space / classrooms Constructed from lightweight, durable liftable materials Tolerant to rainwater and coastal sprays Remain usable (temperature) during hot and cold conditions. A range of social environments within a small space

Elastic Edge

Fold out social classrooms and private seating areas

Provide flexibility and transparency above the water

Flexible to provide visitors seating with a number of different outlooking views

Provide detatchable nets to be used for casting Accessible to passing boats - stop off grounds Safe to walk upon - education, exploration & relaxation

Potential Opportunities Summer lounging nets Fishing dip nets Sporadic Casting nets Aquatic trail stop off point Educational platform

Materiality

Sustainability

Design Requirements The selection of materials based on their performance in the intended environment and potential longevity

Spatial Layer

Core Materiality Choices Pre weathered and less prone to warping and splitting than virgin woods Higher stability, durability and strength than virgin woods.

Platform Traction and durability

Reclaimed Oak Timber

Unique apperance, character - weathered and aged with imperfections to reflect the surroundings.

Sand Blasted Concrete Edge

Cast Iron provides higher corrosion resistance than mild steel and wrought Iron. Nickle added as an alloy to further increase strength and improve resistance to rusting in maritime conditions.

Instant BBQ Fire tolerance

High heat retetion and durability properties for cooking without loss of shape or form. Nickel austenitic cast iron

The amount of aggregate showing is less than an exposed finish yet still provides a hardwearing and durable surface under high footfall and changeable conditions

Hardwearing and low maintenance and will not wash away with tidal inflows.

The finish is a subtle contrast to the exposed aggregate yet provides higher durability and functionality than a smooth surface finish

Harmonious to coastal textures, local material

Limits the amount of concrete required without comprimising on performance with trapezoidal profile.

Stronger than Standard C30 mix to ensure longevity and strength in a coastal location.

Provides a permanent support which will not need to be replaced in the platforms lifespan.

Exposed finish provides frost resistance C40 concrete Exposed Aggregate Finish

Hard, strong unlikely to need replacing even after extensive use and weathering.

Unique apperance, character - weathered and aged with imperfections to reflect the surroundings. Stainless Steel - Grade 316

Galvanizing the steel with a coating of zinc preserves the steel without adding weight and increases its resistance to corrosion from saltwater in particular. Can be the product of a recycled source

Galvanised Steel mesh stepping grates

pneumatically applied concrete provides a faster installation time than conventional concrete walls with the same durability, resistance to mold, fires and insects.

Tidal Salt Pod

Reduces the amound of joins in the structure to increase the strength compared to precast concrete walls and ensure a watertight finish

Saltwater Tolerant

Includes recycled materials including fly ash and rebar. shotcrete

Harmonious to coastal textures, local material

Higher strength and hardness than mild steel. Develops an invisible corrosion resistant film over time to increase stability Highly workable and fabricated to meet design demands. Stainless Steel

Retains corrosion resistance in the chloride environment unlike standard steel.

Teak Timber

Higher stability, durability and strength than virgin woods.

Traction

The aggregates are recyclable .

C40 grade to meet requirments of a severe environment. high rainfall, wetting and drying, salt spray & occasional freezing.

Will not corrode or rust the steel fixtures as part of the seat mechanics.

Pre weathered and less prone to warping and splitting than virgin woods

Flexible Edge

Fine resin bound aggregate Silver / Grey Granite

Lightweight yet strong, durbale and corrosion resistant

Exposed finish provides frost resistance C40 concrete Exposed Aggregate Finish

Can be easily applied to concrete. timber and steel surfaces.

Naturally resistant to moisture due to its oil content - durable for external use.

Stronger than Standard C30 mix to ensure longevity and strength in a coastal location.

Durable - Touchable

Washed up natural loose stone texture which performs to provide a non-slip surface when when.

Trapezoidal decking Continuously hot-dip zinc coated structural steels

C40 grade to meet requirments of a severe environment. high rainfall, wetting and drying, salt spray & occasional freezing.

Social Fold Out

Provides a tactile surface finish to concrete that is still smooth enough to act as a sitting surface.

Shaped into a strong, durable mesh that will retain structure even when exposed to saltwaters unlike pure steel which would corrode lose strength and stability.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Materials are chosen on their ability to meet the demands of the environment and in the intended design requirments. Standardly I have used materials that will not deteriorate in time when exposed to the coastal condition. Materials that are strong, durable and fit for purpose will mean less resources will have to be invested in terms of replacing unfit materials over time. Over time materiality may merge with the surroundings but not deteriorate in performance or functionâ&#x20AC;?

Longevity & Performance

The pitted surface provides a subtle textured surface harmonious with the surroundings yet also uncreases grip underfoot for swimmers.

Sustainably sourced from 100% recycled material including rubber tyres

reinforced C30 grade provides adequate strength for a load bearing wall

Retains a non-slip, flexible, comfortable surface under bare foot during saltwater contact.

The sprayed shotcrete walls are durable and will not be weakened by moisture. Gain strength in time

Resistant to chlorine

Requires less energy in production that other buildings materials including portland cement Rock Salt Finish (shotcrete) C30

Justifiying the selection

Permeable resin bound rubber surfacing

Permeable surface that retains traction when wet

Materiality

Social Fold Out

Foldable seating modules that use the minimal decking space to form a variety of social possibilities

Exploded Components

Steel locking comb 3mm - 50mm holding space. 10mm radius circular cutout for threading inserted slats. Mill - unpolished

Curved “dull mill finish” stainless steel support hinge - 5mm thick. Anchored and bolted onto concrete fixture through the aligning panel.

10mm radius steel threads to pass through and sercure locking comb and wooden slats in place. 10mm overhang fixed to joint pivot sercured to concrete fixture. allows topseat to revolve from fixedm sercure axis.

Teak slats, chamfered, bevelled, sanded and oiled. Natural colour variation. Threaded with 3mm gap between each slat. 10no slats per module.

Splayed, sterdy concrete fixture “exposed finish” . 300 x 600 x 435mm 100mm top width (rounded edge)

Fold out potentials Utilises the minimal space on the platform to provide flexible seating arrangement for diners / tourists.

Group

Module

Matrix

Granular Exposed Aggregate finish

Sanded, oiled. Natural Variation

Private

Materiality

Surfacing swatch

Design Requirements Textural plan showing the layout and relationship of the core surfaces of the platform and how they work together

Core Surfaces

Personal Interpretation

A consistency in the surfaces finish to reflect the sense of place and over time develop a sense of character

Galvanised steel stepping grates

Freely draining meshwork of galvanised steel with rigidity and flexibility to the tidal processes which will allow the tidal flows to wash in and around at will.

Flexible Edge

Grit blasted concrete sitting edge

Temporary Restaurant

Changing Rooms

Social Fold out deck A fine textural surface which portrays the weathered windswept surroundings. Tactile yet smooth enough for sitting

Drying off fringes

Rock Salt finish concrete pool walls

A reflection of the coastal salts which will wash in and out of the pool the intricate intendations give a sense of the surrounding saltwaters and also provide added grip underfoot BBQ deck

Tidal Salt pod

Reclaimed oak decking

Weathered, stable and full of impurities that add character and a unique rugged, authentic feel to the decking

Elastic Edge

Exposed Aggregate

Unconcealed like the surroundings with a rough, ragged appeal of course regularity. A granular texture that blends in with the tide beaten shoreline.

Materiality

Opportunity swatches

Design Requirements

Snippets of the possible human interaction across the platform

Seasonal Stores

Fishing

The menu on the platform is not fixed by flexible with a range of seasons. Produce may be dictated from what produce the tide brings in.

The stepped free draining access to the water provides safe tactile grounds for a range of off the edge fishing - bringing in a range of fresh edible produce onto the platform for cooking. Casting, Wading, Netting, Long line, Spear, Trapping....

Safe Shelter

Canopy and clear facade sheltered microclimate a play and expression in a u environment

Sporadic Vantages

The range of edges situated across the structure provides grounds for sporadic seating and vantages across the flat wyre coastal plain

de creates a and space for a unique

Jumping Edges

Unbound edges encapsulated by the tide provide sporadic grounds for jumping into the sea - a wild opportunity staged only when the water levels reach the daily high.

Rainwater Collected, Foraged Teas The angled canopy collects, stores and heats the regular coastal rains as visitors bring forages mentha aquatica for a hot wild mint tea

Productive Edges

BBQ deck

A fireproof, shaded, sheltered microclimate for fish caught over the edge of the platform to be placed straight onto the bbq to be cooked or smoked with beech or alder wood chips

The open aired platform provides transience with the surroundings and spaces fish traps to be set and the produce brough directly onto deck to be smoked over the bbq with a freshly foraged lentic salad

Casual Seating

The flexible seating on deck provides space for a range of social situations and an unlimited 360 vantage of the unique surroundings

Educatinal spots Safer Shallows

Staggered access and varying water levels provide grounds for a younger visitor to enjoy and express with the coastal salt waters

Tidal Emersions

The variability of water levels controlled by the hand pedestal sluice gates provides the opportunity for deeper waters for emersions in a safer, controlled environment still fulfilled by the tidal processes

The flexible netting synonymous with the fleetwood fishing industry provides a permeable, transparent surface for visitors to walk on top of the water, staging education classes and relaxation outside of the fishing seasons

Precedents

Seating Modules

Design Requirements Materiality and flexibility of seating to respond to the space and surroundings and encourage social interactions

Redesign of Stationsstraat

Las Negras Waterfront

Continuity in form and material. The wooden slat benches extend across the sea front interacting with level changes and giving the space identify through its materiality

The use of worn, rugged, exposed stone / texture. Unpolished this is a simple seating concept that embraces the imperfections of the stone finish.

Tel Aviv Port Public Space

Reflecting the place in design. The organic pebble like form allows for interpretation and is not fixed on how people use it. This concept of using seating to create a variety of potential social scenarios can add opportunities to my platform

Keelung Port

The Flux Chair

An unfoldable chair that can be flatpacked away and transported. Pop up and pop down. This shows flexibility and a consideration for changeable structural form and lightweight, strong materials

Unfixed modules that allow for interaction and expression. The extension of the decking material into the organic forms provides a sense of harmony with limitless outcomes. They can fom instant playgrounds or sit dormant as sculptural features.

Precedents

Outdoor cooking / Shelter

Design Requirements Water interaction and poolside materiality for the outlook of a tidal salt pod for all ages.

Concept: Fire pits to cook freshly caught fish / shellfish

This shows the variation in form, fabrication and materiality in the same element. Fireproof materials include stone, slate and granite are used in firepits to create an instant outdoor cooking space.

Copper house summer kitchen

Incorporated canopy and grill area that uses curved metals and woods to withstand high winds and rain. The module providing seating, shade, shelter and food adds layers of performance and purpose. All this harmonious with the use of 2/3 materials and strong consistent forms.

Benches sunk into a hillside - windbreak A calm escape from the exposed strong winds and a new microclimate to sit and refuel for walkers. This potential eating / sitting space uses the gradient of the hill to aid in providing a windbreak / shelter and stacks locally gathered stone to form a â&#x20AC;&#x153;gemâ&#x20AC;? across an expansive desolate scene. The arching design is simple yet uses local materials which gradually weather with the conditions (lichens and mosses) to create an opportunity that blends in with the surroundings

Precedents

Flexible Edge

Design Requirements Sea washed steps that provide access closer to the dyanmic resource whilst retaining character and performance

Concept: Stepping out into the sea

These steps which are consistently washed over by the tide are distinctive, highly textual and harmonious with with coastal edge. An exposed aggregate finish is used which functions to provide greater grip when wet but also blends in with the rugged, weathered environment.

A salt rock finish is used here showing small granular pits in the concrete surface. It is a subtle technique of fabrication that can be used to to create a sense of richness and also functionality as a textural, anti-slip surface is achieved.

Natural Formation - Giantâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Causeway Balistic prisms formed over 50-60 million years ago. The extensive network of columns sitting together over a variety of levels provides the opportunity for tourists to venture out upto the edge of the sea. The weathered rock has also formed an extensive flexible edge exposed to the coastal processes that attract an extensive number of tourists every year. This sporadic opportunity may be an outlook at bring people to the waters edge for a range of activities

James corner - Seattle waterfront park Flexible edge to accomodate a range of activities and forge a new relationship to the waters edge. The gradient and terraced edge allows people to access the water at varying stages of the tidal cycle. A point of entry and platform for a range of waterfront opportunities. I can take from this a vision of a programmable edge that can break down a fixed land water boundary and instead create a new dynamic people can interpret and enjoy

Precedents

Salt pod

Design Requirements Water interaction and poolside materiality for the outlook of a tidal salt pod for all ages.

The Barcelona (German) Pavilion - versatile concrete

Simplicity in design and materiality. The pool exhibits the use of concrete as the boudary to a central formal pool with a waterproof render sealing and a cobbled lined bottom. I can extract from this the use of simple forms and high quality concrete surface finishes to help define water as the central feature and most exciting and fluid medium to bring interaction and opportunity into the design.

Macduff, Tarlair Swimming Pool - Scotland Rural, rugged lido pool exhibiting a range of key services and features. Changing rooms, concrete terracing, boat ramp access...The weathered stoe surfacing is reflective of the exposed location and creates a harmonious and subtle creation of a lido pool carved out of the rocky shoreline. Even the windswept, cold coastal scottish waters bringing in opportunities year round. The appeal of the elements and tidal processes naturally degrading the materials is something I can embrace in my scheme.

Bishan Water park - human water manipulation

Water is embraced as a dynamic medium with interaction and opportunity for all ages. Interventions of small hand operated sluice gates manipulated levels of water for safe play and emersion with the resource. I can take the concept of hand operated mechanisms that can manipulate the water levels for varying levels of play and oppotunity.

Precedents

Flexible Canopy

Design Requirements A canopy that is strong enough to perform under strong prevailing winds and rains

Recover emergency shelter

The intricate origami style structure provides a lightweight, strong and flexible structure to respond to the issue of the harsh conditions on the gulf coast. It can be transported and offers a temporary soluition to the evironmental changes. 100% recyclable it shows how a lightweight material with a simple yet strong formation can offer flexibility and durability.

Folded Bamboo paper houses

Temporary shelters for earthquakes homeless. A kinetic structure that exhibits features of an umbrella and folded fans. They can be folded up and arranged into a number of different formations to fit the context requirements. Created using bamboo they can be packed into small boxes and transported onto site for easy installation. Flexible yet strong, lightweight and durable using local materials

Butterfly bamboo homes A collection of small homes / refuges that use locally harvested bamboo that is unique to the area and exhibit a winged canopy that harvest rainwater during the rainy season and stores during the dry season. Repurposed tyres form the foundations and and structure is a working example of sustainable materials and design. I can take from this the idea of reusing and sourcing local materials and adding a performative (rainwater) element to the canopy

Precedents

Hard Technology

Design Requirements Examples of the use of hard technologies that can inspire and inform the design and fabrication of the refuge.

Exposed Aggregate Concrete Finish

Permeable Resin Bound Rubber Surfacing

Finished and smoothed by hand trowel

Flexible finishing

Variabilty to suit design and sense of place Abrasive, hardwearing, robust attractive surface. Ideal for providing grip on coastal steps and pathways which may remain wet for long periods -

Aquaflex - Porous surfacing - Phoenix Childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Zoo Durable, free draining and safe underfoot

Rubber granular formation

Key points

Adds texture, grip and durability to increase the performance and functionality of plain concrete

Formed from virgin and recycled rubber granulates with a polyurethane binder that is applied directly to the surfacing.

Provides a rugged, appealing finish that can used coloured aggregate to match and reflect the place Enhances the lifespan in situations where durability to severe weather conditions is needed Provides character and helps define spaces with texture and colour.

Hard Technology

Surface finish

Provides a sustainable slip resistant surface that is free draining, low maintenance and chloride resistant. The rubber granulate forms a flexible surface that is comfortable under bare foot and the granular colour can be picked to be harmonious with the sense of place.

Hard Technology

Surface materiality

Precedents

Hard Technology

Design Requirements Examples of the use of hard technologies that can inspire and inform the design and fabrication of the refuge.

Trapezoidal Decking

Non Slip Decking

Flexibilty to match environment

Steel decking provides an stable elevated floor that will resist extreme weather conditions

Aquaflex - Porous surfacing - Phoenix Childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Zoo Durable, free draining and safe underfoot

Cut through of construction of trapezoidal decking

Fine aggregate inserts are durable during extreme conditions and are an essential gripping point on wet potentially dangerous decking

Key points

Provides a decking structure and concrete sufacing that has a high tensile strength, durability and resistance to fire.

Fine hardwearing resin bonded aggregates are injected into the decking grooves for a course granular gripping point that is durable and not washed away or displaced by foot fall.

Steel decking will not twist and warp over time and is resilient to weather, moisture, time and pest deterioration.

1-2mm lip where the aggregate sits on top of the decking provides a new surface and safe contact point in most weather conditions.

The concrete surfacing slab is flexible in term of its finish. This can be determined by the place and the floors function.

The aggregates which range in 0.3 to 0.9mm in size can varying in colour to allow the designer to subtly blend in the inserts to the character of the space.

Unlike wooden decking steel decking provides a stronger elevated platform that is entirely fireproof

Hard Technology

Surface construction

Hard Technology

Surface materiality

Hydro-Logic Experience

Nestled lotic spa â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s provide a summer refreshment

Fragments of urban nodes surrounded by water

Vantages across the lentic islands

Campfires upon the wooded retreats

Winter iceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s freeze the shallow lotic pools

Foragers venture the flood soaked fringes of the islands

A hive of activity from the coastal refuge

Hydro-logical visualisations A range of visuals from the eye of the tourist that captivate a range of conditions and opportunities that may exist across the floodable parkland.