Archis Interventions
Prishtina Workshop November 27 – December 2, 2006
With financial support of:
Content
Preface - Prishtina at present
03
1. Mission Statement Archis Interventions Archis Interventions Prishtina
06 07 08
2. Analysis Urban Pathology Map Prototyp 01 Urban Extension Prototyp 02 Urban Densification Prototyp 03 Urban Densification Prototyp 04 Urban Densification
09 10 14 19 24 29
3. Strategies Communication Strategy Architectural Strategy Participatory Strategy Networking Strategy Educational Strategy Support Strategy
35 37 38 39 40 41
4. Strategies for Key Typologies
42
5. Organisation
47
6. Timeline
48
7. Workshop Facts
50
Preface
Prishtina at present Prishtina is in Europe known to many people worldwide as the capital of Kosova, which since 1999 is run by an UN Mission. After long years of repression by Milosevic’s regime (former Yugoslav president), and consequently, the war of 1999, many international NGOs and Agencies engaged in supporting the citizens of Kosova to rebuild their homes and recover their lives. NATO intervention, its deployment and establishment of the transitional administration (UNMIK) and of the provisional government (PISG – Provisional Institutions of Self-Government), are crucial turning points that Prishtina, thus Kosova underwent. Yet, the larger one is to come soon after Kosova’s final status is settled, opening a broad perspective for its citizens to become the citizens of Europe. Last few years, Prishtina was to accommodate the demands
suffered severe war damages and started with building solid
of newly created institutions by assigning appropriate building
shelters. But in both cases, end results are so alike; Kosova’s
stock for offices and planning for new ones. On the other hand,
urban areas got disturbed by the erection of casual structures.
Prishtina was seen as a center of hope by many Kosovars whose houses were damaged during the war, seeking for shelter or
Just after the war, construction activities in Prishtina took place
better place to live, jobs, and schools for their children. As an
simultaneously with a quickly increasing urban population
expression of this mood, building activity increased markedly.
fueled partly by migrants from the countryside, looking for new
This is a typical characteristic of post-war urban development,
opportunities in the city and partly by returning refugees. As a
as one can also observe under different conditions and with
result, a large portion of Kosova’s urban population consisted
other consequences elsewhere in the world. Typical may be
of people who had still to find or rediscover their place in life.
also the pattern of the UN intervention in the crisis regions:
The consequential housing shortage gave local investors the
while it engaged in establishing the institutional structures,
opportunity for quick returns and substantial profits. Yet, part
construction activities went on unhindered, demonstrating how
of the building boom was based on family investments. Almost
law enforcement may completely lack or pushed for review from
every family had a member working abroad, mainly in Western
one desk to another. As a result, a large part of the city has
European countries, who amassed substantial savings that were
been reconfigured by new buildings. Remarkably, this affected
now invested in family homes. These families have constructed
Prishtina’s destruction after the war. Yet, this is not the case of
and continue to construct mostly large two or three-story houses
Prishtina only. Other towns in Kosova are not many different in
on agricultural plots at the city’s edges, mostly without supervision
terms of informal building activities, especially those that have
or control.
Preface
Prishtina at present Such trends may also be noted in the inner part of Prishtina. The
Nowadays, almost half of the town is covered by regulation
historic city with its typical one-story, square houses is being
plans and new developments are being conducted in a proper
transformed by multi-story buildings, mostly offices, hotels and
way. However, there are still consequences of the past informal
commercial buildings clad in typical blue-glass facades. Public
building activities and indications for new ones which are yet
squares and parks are being neglected, streets are in poor
quite upsetting. In many of the cases, fundamental safety
condition, the electricity supply is notoriously unreliable and
standards regarding fire and earthquakes have been ignored;
drainage systems are overtaxed.
infrastructures including the water supply and drainage have failed or are currently overburdened, and the social problems caused
There were many attempts to bring into order the informal
by unregulated building activity remain unaddressed! The lack
construction activities in Prishtina, some being international
of public debates about the urban living conditions is one of the
conferences, action plans for identification of illegal buildings,
major concerns of Prishtina’s architects. Such debates are to
new laws and regulations. Amongst the important ones is the
raise the general public’s awareness about architectural values, be
“Urban Development of Prishtina – Strategic Plan 2004-2020”,
it traditional which are at risk or contemporary ones which ought
usually referred to as the achievement of the year (2003) by the
to, sooner or latter, have a huge impact on their everyday life.
Municipal Assembly. Although not fully complying with the Law on Spatial Planning, this document has remained ever since, the
For these reason, urgent intervention in this
basis for regulatory plans of the town, based on which, future construction ought to emerge. The success of the Strategic
development process is needed to restore a sense of public responsibility for all that live and work at
Plan and the planned city expansion continues to be questioned
Prishtina.
because the plan simply lacks substantial data, such are those on population. On the other hand, population data (last census was carried out in 1981) for example, is still a project in its initial phase planned to be conducted jointly with international organizations based in Kosova. The delay in this issue - seven years under the UN Mission - has caused not only fragile strategies in urban development be it in town or Kosova level, but also in other sectors such are micro/macro economy, education, health and other.
Preface
Prishtina at present
1. Mission
1. Mission Statement
Archis Interventions Archis Interventions, a not for profit branch of Archis Foundation (also known for its magazine Volume) has set itself on a course to provide cities with clues and concepts to revive the public domain, to re-energize its urban spirit and to revitalize their trust in dialogue as the essence of civic life. Prishtina is an example for a city in transition facing an enormous
The local NGO will be supported by Archis Interventions bringing
challenge: from socialist era to the market driven economy, and
international expertise and organizing the information exchange
to reinvent itself again after a long period of oppression and
to develop a sustainable solution strategy. The problems related
conflict. It shows the difficulties of the transformation process,
to the regulation of informal building activities in post conflict
which can be identified in cities all over the Balkan, but also in
situations as the future aspects of architecture and town plan-
other parts of the world. Most of the time there is a complete lack
ning in this context regarding the specific social as political
of public bodies with the capacity and jurisdiction to enforce law.
circumstances will be theoretically discussed and brought into the
And always there is a profound crisis of confidence in the public
international urbanistic debate.
dimension of urban life. At this point Archis Interventions is intervening working out concepts in cooperation between international and local experts, bringing important themes of the future urban development into public awareness, and mediate between local authorities and the private interests.
1. Mission Statement
Archis Interventions / Prishtina Archis Interventions / Prishtina is a non for profit organization and part of the Archis network. It focusses on improving, channeling and integrating informal building in a city in transition through creating better living conditions and a sense for the cultural values of architecture and urban design. In August 2005 Archis (Kai Voeckler) founded together with three architects from Kosova, Visar Geci, Florina Jerliu and Vlora Navakazi a local NGO with the aim to develop solution strategies
The mission Prishtina Unbuilt
for the structuring of the city housing development. Archis Inter-
After the war, the Informal building activities seriously affected the
ventions / Prishtina is a local agency, which documents informal
city structure of Prishtina and raised social, infrastructural, and
buildings and looks for opportunities to upgrade these. It will
safety problems. More than 70% of the urban fabric has been
intervene into the ongoing building activities by providing profes-
transformed, demonstrating how law enforcement may com-
sional advice in the building and planning process – to provide a
pletely lack or pushed for review from one desk to another. Con-
support of architectural knowledge to the community in need for
sequently, necessary standards in the building process are not yet
housing, so that the most crucial problems can be avoided. This
put in place and there is little public awareness about fundamental
activity shall be supported by a media campaign so to raise a
problems emerging out of Informal settlement. The project will
public discussion about many problems related to informal build-
develop solution strategies to facilitate the private developers in
ing activities. The aim is to develop solution strategies which can
meeting the provisions of laws and Regulations in regard to the
mediate between the local administrations, professional devel-
needs of the community development.
opers, and single house builders in order to enable better living conditions and the sense for the cultural values of architecture
To do so, Archis Interventions / Prishtina, as a local, non-profit
and urban design.
and independent NGO, will bring professional expertise into this process.
2. Analysis
2. Analysis
Urban Pathology Map Urban Pathology Map is a kind of a map that shows the whereabouts of the problems and issues in regards to the uncontrolled urban development trends of the capital city of Prishtina. The map is intended to identify, localize and cross relate informal building areas, referred to as ‘areas of pathologies’, both in urban and architectural scale. Such pathologies are usually being (un)judged as a (bad) habit of the countries in transition. Prishtina is one of these cases. The aim of the Urban Pathology Map is to show the informal
Recent building history has shown that the scattered housing in
buildings areas, grouped into prototypical key typologies, which
the outskirts of the town tends to develop into dense neighbor-
are to be referred to as the symptoms of today. Last several
hoods without rather any compliance with the regulatory plans.
years, the uncontrolled urban development in Prishtina has
This case is already a fact in the inner part of the city, indicat-
caused damage to the existing urban fabric as well as to the open
ing how synchronized the uncontrolled building activity may be.
fields in the outskirts of the town. In order to trace the trend of
Urban Pathology Map is also intended to serve as a tool to devise
current building developments, the map will be cross-examined
a road-map for future steps of intervention. By making a case
with the newly developed urban regulatory plans, as well as those
in the city scale the Map will enable identification of potential
lacking such plans, but yet enclosed within the new border of
areas where future model projects may take place. And finally by
Prishtina Strategic Plan.
making this map accessible, the general public will become more aware of the urban and architectural scale pathologies, which in majority of cases is a pathology of their own home.
10
2. Analysis
Urban Pathology Map 01 Inventory of the informal connections to the water supply connections in Prishtina (Detail) BLACK: Buildings and appartments with formal connections to the water supply RED: Buildings and appartments with informal connections to the water supply
11
2. Analysis
Urban Pathology Map 02
12
2. Analysis
Urban Pathology Map 03 Problem scale Problem scale
Architectural design visual appearance
Architectural and urban scale
physical infrastructure
regulatory plans
social infrastructure
Physical aspects
Physical aspects
Architectural and urban
physical infrastructure
Architectural design
Security Building regulation
Architectural and urban scale
Social and economic aspects
economic activities
Social and economic aspects
regulatory plans Project documentation for procedure
visual appearance
Permits
Architectural
Mediation with the neighbours
Prototype 01
Architectural and urban
Legal Legal
Architectural
regulatory plans
economic activities
Prototype 02
regulatory plans
regulatory plans
social infrastructure
Project documentation for procedures
Permits
regulatory plans
Mediation with the neighbours
insolation sewage
regulatory plans
urban
green space
insolation
Environmental aspects
urban
Environmental aspects
parking
regulatory plans
sewage green space
PATHOLOGICAL MAP Problem scale Problem scale
visual appearance
Architectural design
physical infrastructure
Architectural
Security
Physical aspects Physical aspects
Building regulation
Architectural and urban scale
regulatory plans visual appearance physical infrastructure
Architectural design
Building regulation Security
Architectural design
social infrastructure
Architectural
economic activities
Architectural design
Social and economic aspects
Architectural and urban scale
Social and economic aspects
Project documentation for procedure
Architectural
Mediation with the neighbours
Permits
Legal
Prototype 04
regulatory plans
economic activities
Prototype 03 Legal
social infrastructure
Architectural and urban
Permits
Mediation in the community
regulatory plans
insolation
regulatory plans
parking sewage
insolation Urban
Environmental aspects
Environmental aspects
Urban
regulatory plans
sewage green space
green space
13
2. Evolution of informal buildings
Prototype 01 Urban Extension
14
2. Evolution of informal buildings
Prototype 01 Urban Extension
Case Study Self used single houses, outskirts. Individually family based development, the owners are part of the community.
15
2. Evolution of informal buildings
Prototype 01 Urban Extension
Based on “Urban Development of Prishtina - Strategic Plan 2003 - 2020� (UDP-Sp) - the latest existing document in town sclae: Case Study- Type 1: - no reg. plan has been issued yet - no infrastructure at all
16
2. Evolution of informal buildings
Prototype 01 Urban Extension
⇧ situation before 1999 ⇨ situation after
— formal building — informal building 17
2. Evolution of informal buildings
Prototype 01 Urban Extension Self used single houses, outskirts. Individually family based development, the owners are part of the community. Legal Situation / Status of Ownership
Infrastructure
No dispute about land ownership, the clients own land.
Sewage is taken care of individually. Some household have
The land is generally owned or bought by builders (land register
illegally connected to the public sewage network. Some neighbor-
entry).
hoods applied together for the connection to the public sewage
Permission is generally not asked for or granted.
network.
Probably neighbours know each other and ask each other before
Accesses to the properties are through non-paved roads.
the land is sold, a tradition which is vanishing.
A public transportation system does not exist.
Security Construction is based on estimations and experience but not
Public amenities are generally missing and private amenities start to be organized by the individuals themselves.
calculated.
Actors
The structural members are allegedly overestimated and the con-
Private
struction is generally executed by construction companies. Fire escape routes are still possible.
Growth UDP – SP foresees only apartment houses with a minimum of 410 stores; the growth of single houses is not supported.
18
2. Evolution of informal buildings
Prototype 02 Urban Densification
19
2. Evolution of informal buildings
Prototype 02 Urban Densification
Case Study Self used maximized houses, inside the city Individual development, the owner is part of the neighborhood community.
20
ROOFLINE
Prototype 02 Urban Densification
0571
2. Evolution of informal buildings
URBAN REGULATORY PLAN “Dodona”, 2004
7G15070 0562
• Number of full storeys lll-V, in fact 7 full stories
• Site occupancy 0,6, in fact full site occupancy
• Coverage type d1 (50m long or 3m free space between buildings), in fact full site coverage
Në ndërtim
⇨ situation after 1999
— formal building
— informal building
21
2. Evolution of informal buildings
Prototype 02 Urban Densification
⇧ situation before 1999 ⇨ situation after 1999
— formal building — informal building 22
2. Evolution of informal buildings
Prototype 02 Urban Densification Self used maximized houses, inside the city Individual development, the owner is part of the neighborhood community. Legal Situation / Status of Ownership
Infrastructure
No dispute about land ownership, the clients own land.
Overload of sewage and electricity systems due to over extensive
Many cases got a permit for a single family house with ground
buildings.
floor, first floor and roof but the final building exceeds the maxi-
Due to extensive densification the garbage collection is under
mum gross floor of the site and the numbers of floors allowed.
serviced.
Many land owners work together with an investor to realize a new
Energy efficiency is not considered at all, thermal insulation is
building, and the land owner gets a share of the final building
rarely used.
according to the land value he brought in.
Existing social infrastructure of the city is used.
Security The construction is less sustainable due to the use of cheaper or low quality materials. Fire protection is limited due to missing or blocked escape routes, insufficient fire walls and insufficient fire protection to the neighbors.
Mostly legal connection to the existing water, sanitation and electricity network, extensive usage pressures the existing capacities.
Actors Private families, investors and developers.
Growth The demand for this type of housing development is still rising.
23
2. Evolution of informal buildings
Prototype 03 Urban Densification
24
2. Evolution of informal buildings
Prototype 03 Urban Densification
Case Study Non self used maximized houses (rental apartments, commercial spaces).
25
2. Evolution of informal buildings
Prototype 03 Urban Densification
URBAN REGULATORY PLAN dating from 1978
• The area was foreseen for individual houses P+1, in fact multi story commercial building
• Site occupancy 0,6, in fact full site occupancy
• Coverage type distance between buildings 2,5-3m, in fact full site coverage
⇨ situation after 1999
— formal building
— informal building
26
2. Evolution of informal buildings
Prototype 03 Urban Densification
⇧ situation before 1999 ⇨ situation after 1999
— formal building — informal building 27
2. Evolution of informal buildings
Prototype 03 Urban Densification Non self used maximized houses (rental apartments, commercial spaces). Investors (non self-use) and the developers are usually not part of the neighborhood community. Legal Situation / Status of Ownership
Infrastructure
Recently developers start to buy and develop land for pure profit.
Overload of sewage and electricity systems due to over-extensive
The apartments are sold or rented. In some cases the apartments
buildings, responsibility rests with the town administration.
are sold before the building is finished to co-finance the construc-
Due to extensive densification the garbage collection is under
tion.
serviced.
Planning permission status Most projects of this type start to have a planning permission, and the buildings are according to the regulatory plans.
Security The construction is less sustainable due to the use of cheaper or low quality materials. Fire protection is limited due to missing or blocked escape routes, insufficient fire walls and insufficient fire protection to the neighbors.
Energy efficiency is not considered at all, thermal insulation is not used. The existing social infrastructure of the city is used. Legal connection to the existing water, sanitation and electricity network, extensive usage pressures the existing capacities.
Actors Investors and developers.
Growth Rising demand for this type of housing development.
28
2. Evolution of informal buildings
Prototype 04 Urban Densification
29
2. Evolution of informal buildings
Prototype 04 Urban Densification
Case Study Urban parasites (extensions, annexes, roof extensions, cut offs, houses on roofs) Individual development, the owner is part of the neighborhood community.
30
2. Evolution of informal buildings
Prototype 04 Urban Densification
URBAN REGULATORY PLAN dating from 1978 • Number of full storeys 8-12, in fact 15 stories • Uncontrolled stability of the construction • Commercial occupancy of common space for the dwellers
⇨ situation after 1999
— formal building — informal building 31
2. Evolution of informal buildings
Prototype 04 Urban Densification
⇧ situation before 1999 ⇨ situation after 1999
— formal building — informal building 32
2. Evolution of informal buildings
Prototype 04 Urban Densification Urban parasites (extensions, annexes, roof extensions, cut offs, houses on roofs) Individual development, the owner is part of the neighborhood community. Legal Situation / Status of Ownership The roof extension are often half legal, with basic permits which are exceeded. The Municipality supports the transformation of the flat roofs into pitched roofs, therefore it is allowed to extend the roof by one floor and transform it into a loft, but many cases extend the roof by 2-4 floors.
year are able to take the additional load of a two-story roof extension, but that is often exceeded. Fire escape is basically ensured by connecting to the existing escape routes only.
Infrastructure
Often entire houses are built on the roofs of privatized com-
Except of some unprofessional connection to the existing sewage
munal buildings. The owners bought individually the apartments
system, there are minimal hygienic problems.
and the roof is the common property of the apartment owners.
Often the owners applied for an official connection to the sewage
The needed renovation of the roof usually triggers the apartment
system and have an official connection. The permission for the
owner in the top floors to extend the roof on his own initiative,
connection to the sewage system are generally granted, even for
saving the owner community the renovation cost.
building extensions which haven’t any permit, due to the fact, that
Small, individual and hidden extensions to the apartment buildings
the different institutions do not exchange information.
are mostly illegal and have no permit and are often not coordi-
Access to the extension is provided by the existing access routes.
nated with other owners.
Energy efficiency is used for the roof extensions, but the horizon-
Transformations to the ground floors are mostly with a permit for
tal extensions have mostly no thermal insulation.
the change of use, but later on, often load baring structures are
The existing social infrastructure of the city is used.
taken out or get transformed. Basements start to become subject of activation and transforma-
Actors
tion and the ownership is often disputed about.
Mostly private family and apartment owners.
Security Serious security problems are created by the structural changes of the ground floor and the basements due to subtraction of main
For the ground floor extensions, the shops are bought and used by individuals. Basements are used by individuals.
walls. This security risk is increased by the combined additional
Growth
loads of roof extensions.
The development will most likely continue till the flat roofs are
The roof extensions do not have any vertical connection to the
entirely converted and extended and the ground floors and base-
main load baring walls, even when concrete perimeter beams
ments are transformed into nonresidential.
have been added. Most buildings which are not older than twenty
33
3. STRATEGIES
34
3. Strategies
Communication Strategy Public awareness regarding the problems of informal building will be stimulated through different media and a specified strategy. The users/builders will be enabled to understand the problematic development. Also it will stimulate the awareness by responsible persons like professionals and politicians. A public discussion will integrate authorities as users into the process of thinking about better living conditions in Prishtina. • TV-show
• Newspaper campaign
In summer 2007, Visar Geci, (one of the AI Prishtina founders),
In the newspaper will be enclosed the »Urban Pathology Map«
also known for his seasonal TV shows, will be engaged in orga-
which shows on an urban scale the city development and how
nizing weekly TV shows with a key topic on informal buildings in
it is driven by informal building activities. Examples of highly
Prishtina.
problematic situations will allow readers to identify the problems
With animations crucial problems of safety as infrastructural
neighborhoods are facing.
needs will be explained. Interviews with owners and neighbors demonstrate the social dimension. With local authorities questions
Newspaper competitions:
of legalization will be discussed and with construction companies
“Who finds the best example of worst architecture in Prishtina? “
the quality of building execution.
Through a weekly competition public awareness will be raised
The TV show is addressing the individual user of informal building.
about the problems produced by informal building. Winner is
It will show her/him also good examples and solutions for major
who finds the worst example. This has to be argued, so that
problems. It will inform private builders about the possibility to
everybody who is taking part has to be aware how much informal
consult the advisory board of Archis Interventions / Prishtina to
activities can lead to problematic situations.
get access to professional advice. Also it functions to promote the manual, which includes information about how to improve buildings. The major Kosova TV channels are highly interested in distributing this format.
35
3. Strategies
• Leaflet
• Architectural competition
Very common in Prishtina are leaflets which show with simple
Through an architectural competition, addressing the improve-
drawings for example the need of vaccination or how to avoid
ment of a highly problematic situation in the city, architects as
infections. This communication device is popular and can be
planners will be motivated to bring in their professional exper-
used to address simple problems not directly reflected in building
tise. The first prize will be given to the best solution in regard of
activities, especially the blocking of escape routes as fire work
improvement of building structures as public spaces due to a
connections.
efficient cost management.
• Architectural exhibition The results will be exhibited, accompanied by a media campaign publicizing the communal societies’ different solutions and strategies.
36
3. Strategies
Architectural Strategy Different architectural approaches will achieve a sensibility for environmental qualities, an improvement of the life quality and will educate common people to understand the cultural value of a proper urban fabric. • Manual »How to do it better«
• Prototypical small scale individual projects
Along the defined key typologies of informal building a manual will
Per individual projects, the possibilities of improvement will be
be worked out which shows the problems and will give the single
shown to the public in order to get more confidence and aware-
builder a help by improving her/his building.
ness of professional architectural expertise.
• Advisory Board
• Model Project
An advisory board of local experts will be available for consulta-
On the level of a neighborhood the problems which are going
tion by users of informal buildings for advice on legalizing and
beyond the individual needs such as lacking infrastructure
improving their buildings.
(technical as social), safety problems (fire work access, escape routes, unstable housing structures) as social problems (blocked neighbor houses) will be addressed. The model project will help the neighborhood to find collectively agreed solutions and will also give advice in formalizing their buildings.
37
3. Strategies
Participatory Strategy Different participation strategies will refer to the users’ real needs and also guarantee a sustainable development. • Stimulation of interest groups
• Activation of local knowledge
By the combination of public campaigns with the offer of profes-
Addressing, directly via public campaigns, the intellectual elite of
sional expertise different groups with their specific interests will be
the city to take responsibility by bringing in their local knowledge
identified and stimulated to articulate their needs. They will get a
to help make the process of improvement sustainable.
public presence and will be helped by solving their problems. Also this will enable local authorities to get a better understanding of the needs of different neighborhoods..
38
3. Strategies
Networking Strategy The international urban discourse as represented by the Archis network can be utilized to investigate how the workshop results can be generalized and be also helpful in other circumstances. • Archis issue: Integration in the international Archis network
• Stimulation of Balkan experts network
By presenting the results in an issue of VOLUME in spring 2007
interventions, a practical network can be established to support
the Archis network will be activated to respond to the raised issue
the longer term goals of Archis Interventions Prishtina. It will lead
of informal building and will provide Archis Interventions / Prishtina
to regional network of experts from the Balkan.
with professional expertise.
By inviting the experts needed to backup the local initiatives and
• Workshop and conference As a follow up on the December 2006 workshop a second workshop in the form of a work conference will be organized in April 2007. Ideas and results from the first workshop will be tested in discussion with stakeholders and specialists and confronted with experiences elsewhere. The conference will focus in particular on neighborhood strategies and identifying what is needed for their implementation: - Presenting and testing the beta-version of the Awareness Campaign - Presenting the leaflet on ‘How to’ (Does and Don‘ts in private house building)‘ - Presenting a model for local advice, connected to the international expert network
39
3. Strategies
Educational Strategy The strategy is adressing a younger generation and will araise the awareness for architectural values. • Student Projects
• School Architecture Kit
An important part is the education of future architects and plan-
Where traditions dissolve spatial and architectural quality need
ners and to train them by intervening in the process of informal
public awareness and understanding. Educating children in
building by implementing their own projects and helping citizens
understanding their surroundings and raising there awareness
to contribute to a better development of the city of Prishtina. In
of program, organization and form will help to create a spatially
cooperation with the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture
more integrated urban society. Archis Interventions can mediate
of the University of Prishtina students can be integrated into small
in producing educational material for elementary and secondary
scale projects.
schools.
• Lectures / Workshops Experts from the international Archis network can give lessons and workshops to show their way of practicing architecture and urban planning. The specific aspect of a ‘communicative planning’ with its specific participatory strategy as communication strategy will give students of Architecture a new perspective of integrating social aspects into to planning. This would show a young generation possible ways to contribute, with architectural skills, to the society.
40
3. Strategies
Support Strategy The strategy is supporting the different local actors as the local administration and communicates the different interests and needs to find a way of general acceptance. • Mediation between actors The interests of most private investors are, in the current situation, in conflict with the proposed planning perspective of the local administration. In this situation Archis Interventions as a NonGovernment Organization can mediate between both sides and create a dialogue, which leads to solutions acceptable for both sides.
• Communicative planning The above mentioned process should be supported by a more flexible planning process; from ‘comprehensive planning’ to a more ‘communicative planning’ which addresses and integrates different social actors. To support the local administration Archis Interventions could work as an ‘advocacy planner’ and would contribute to the city development with its professional knowledge.
41
4. STRATEGIES FOR KEY TYPOLOGIES
42
4. Strategies for Key Typologies
Prototype 01 Urban Expansion: Single building, outskirts. Individually family bases development, the owners are part of the community. Architectural scale
Urban scale
Improvement:
Improvement:
Legalizing the informal building and acquiring the permits.
Development of collective Infrastructure such as water supply and
Improvement of building infrastructure, and / or adjustment of the
sewage, road network and social amenities.
informal buildings to the recent regulations (Regulatory plans).
Channelling:
Channelling: Assist to develop new plans for neighborhoods.
Raise awareness for the needs of architectural design, aestheti-
Encourage participation of the citizens into the planning process.
cally and functionally.
Improvements in the neighborhoods scale. Initiate sustainable processes. Raise awareness for the needs of urban design problems, aesthetically and functionally.
43
4. Strategies for Key Typologies
Prototype 02 Urban Densification Self used maximized houses, inner city. Individual development, the owner is part of the neighbourhood community. Architectural scale
Urban scale
Improvement:
Improvement:
Improve structural safety in regard to the ground condition Legalizing and/or redeveloping of the informal building and acquiring the permits especially for fires escape, accessibility, parking infrastructure, safety, hygienic, and energy efficiency.
Channelling: Encourage the process to adjust the building to the regulatory plan.
Adjust extreme densification. Transform the negative effects for neighbors like blocking views and light of the neighbors. Negotiate social dimension to avoid conflicts between neighbors. Improve impacts on the urban surrounding.
Channelling: Address community and raise awareness for the standards of security, safety, hygienic and energy efficiency. Generate consensus about the adjustment of scales and correct distances of buildings. Collect and compile interests of owners. Inform about the consequences of maximizing houses. Provide advisory board to prevent foreseeable future mistakes in the urban development to protect urban tissue and historical buildings.
44
4. Strategies for Key Typologies
Prototype 03 Urban Densification Non self used maximized houses (rental apartments, commercial spaces). Investors (non self-use) and the developers are usually not part of the neighbourhood community. Architectural scale
Urban scale
Improvement:
Channelling:
Reduction of building size.
Develop minimum standards of apartment sizes and design
Re-install sidewalks and needed distances between the buildings.
related organizational principles.
Channelling: Raise public awareness of the negative architectural consequences. Inform users and enable them t be more critical about the apartment to stimulate change of developer building standards.
45
4. Strategies for Key Typologies
Prototype 04 Urban Densification Urban Parasites (extensions, annexes, roof extensions, cut offs, houses on roofs) Individual development, the owner is part of the neighbourhood community. Architectural scale
Urban scale
Improvement:
Improvement:
Improve structural security of building in regard to the building
Eliminate access on public land like the staircases on the side-
transformation.
walks.
Legalizing and/or redeveloping of the informal structures and acquiring the permits especially for fires escape, accessibility and safety.
Channelling:
Channelling: Awareness of how to make improvements to the roof-scape within the neighboring context.
Providing knowledge about adequate building materials, technical standard and functional needs.
46
5. Organisation
47
6. Timeline
International LOCAL
48
Spring 2007
Summer 2007
Volume Isssue
TV-show Newspaper campaign Newspaper Leaflets
Urban Pathology map
Manual Advisory Board
Prototypical small scale projects Student Projects
Stimulation of Interest groups
Activation of local knowledge
Stimulation of Balkan experts network
Workshops Conference
Support Strategy
Networking Strategy:
Participatory Strategy:
Architectural Strategy:
Communication Strategy:
6. Timeline
Integration in the international Archis experts network
Fall 2007
2008
Architectural competitions Architectural exhibitions
Model Project
Support of local actors
49
7. Workshop Facts
PRISHTINA WORKSHOP Nov. 27 – Dec. 2, 2006 Supported by ECF / European Cultural Foundation and Erste Bank Foundation Vienna
Organization structure Body responsible for the project is the Archis Foundation in Amsterdam. The project manag ement is headed by Archis Interventions / Berlin (Kai Voeckler). Archis Interventions / Prishtina is registered as a NGO by the United Nations in Kosova and will
Regional experts Dritan Shutina, Representative of the POLIS University, Tirana, Albania; Director Co-PLAN, Institute for Habitat Development Rodina Toto, Representative of the POLIS University, Tirana, Albania; Co-PLAN, Institute for Habitat Development
together with Archis Interventions / Berlin and Archis Interventions / Amsterdam develop and realize the project. Members of the
International experts
international board of AI Prishtina are Kai Voeckler (Berlin) and Ole
Archis Interventions / Berlin:
Bouman (Amsterdam). Archis Interventions / Amsterdam is part of
Kai Voeckler
the Dutch Archis Foundation.
Thilo Fuchs
Workshop participants
Wilfried Hackenbroich
Local experts
Archis Interventions / Amsterdam:
Archis Interventions / Prishtina:
Arjen Oosterman
Florina Jerliu Visar Geci
Workshop assistance
Vlora Navakazi
Arta Basha, lecturer, Faculty of Civil engineering and Architecture, University of Prishtina
Ilir Gjinolli, Representative of the Faculty of Architecture,
Sibel Bucinca, Bardha Meka, Flutura Dedinja, students of the
University of Prishtina
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture,University of Prishtina
Elvida Pallaska, Representative of the Institute for
Gezim Kastrati, student of Architecture, TU-Graz, Austria
Spatial Planning Kosova Agron Sallova, Representative of UN-HABITAT Mentor Haziri, freelance architect Lazim Salihu, lawyer, legal adviser UN-HABITAT Mirushe Kastrati, Reprezentative of the Department of Urban Planing, Municipality of Prishtina
Post production Thilo Fuchs Wilfried Hackenbroich Kai Voeckler
Besa Shahini, IKS/ESI
50