st
1 MINING Central Africa’s Premier Business To Business Mining magazine May-June 2017 > Issue 23 > Vol.8 #
DRC-ZAMBIA $548 million cement plant to be built in Zambia -05
ALSO... Yes, it’s daylight robbery in the extractive industry -16
F MD R C - Z A MB I A
23
www.fmdrc-zambia.com
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Contents MINES & MINERALS
13
Vedanta seeks to quadruple Zambia copper output
HI TECH
20
FEATURED DEVELOPMENTS
NEW CURVEâ„¢ slurry pump surpasses all expectations
INNOVATION
06 The DRC is revisiting its mining code 12 Banro Corporation resumes operations at Namoya Mine
14 Copper producer plants Midnight Sun commences drilling Mitu Copper-Cobalt discovery 18 Cape Lambert to acquire 70% interest in Zambia cobalt project
26 FMDZ |
Analysis in simple terms
May - Jun 2017
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FROM THE EDITOR Ist Mining DRC-Zambia is Southern Africa's leading mining publication, that packs news, exclusive interviews, surveys, opinions from various experts, market trend data, nancial information, technology, equipment ,machinery and news of business development opportunities into the industry's best website and easy-to-read journal. One of the sectors starting to take advantage of emerging innovations is mining; hence we look at Seismic technology as way of enhancing ground support in mining. If one thing has remained constant throughout the history of mining, it is ground support. While techniques and technology have changed beyond recognition, the theory remains the same: no ground support, no mining – or at least no mining without serious risk to your health. Water scarcity is an unparalleled challenge especially to the mining industry of southern Africa. Most of the region is semi-arid to arid with low rainfall. Mining oen has a negative impact on water resources and the sustainability of these natural resources. Recently various mining companies have joined drives and organisation to report and decrease their footprint and impact on
Cover
the environment.
Redpath Mining Zambia possesses the world's highest-grade deposits of copper and is ranked
Editor
7th largest copper producer in the world for producing copper. In our
Bertha M. editor@fmdrc-zambia.com
sector.
country focus we look at the fall and rise of the Zambian copper mining Reform in the DRC mining sector is long overdue and hence, the government
Contributing Writers
of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) recently announced plans to
Anne Thomas, Mfuneko Jack, Lindani Mkhize and Caroline Thomas
reintroduce the shelved changes to the country's mining code. Giving back to the communities is one of the corporates main mandates in
Sales & Marketing
this age where we have dialogues around pro t with purpose and shared
Russou Billiard sales@fmdrc-zambia.com +27 11 044 8986
value. As part of the giving back, Konkola Copper Mines (KCM) will bring clean water to more than 6,000 inhabitants in some peri-urban areas of Chingola to support national efforts of maintaining high health standards in
Deward Sitali dewards@fmdrc-zambia.com +260 96 187 4888
communities. Welcome to another edition of your favourite publication, which we hope
Victor Ndlovu victorn@fmdrc-zambia.com
will enlighten and give more insights on the current affairs of the mining industry.
Cleopas M. cleopasm@fmdrc-zambia.com
Read more interesting stories packed in this issue, and until next time we hope you love this issue!
Mandla M. mandlam@fmdrc-zambia
Bertha M.
Professor M. professorm@fmdrc-zambia.com
Editor
Graphic Design and Layout Que Gibson quegibson@outlook.com
Published By Mailing Times Media sales@fmdrc-zambia.com www.fmdrc-zambia.com
Mailing Times Media (Pty) Ltd makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of the contents of its publications, but no warranty is made as to such accuracy and no responsibility will be borne by the publisher for the consequences of actions based on information so published. Further, opinions expressed are not necessarily shared by Mailing Times Media (Pty) Ltd
Circulation/Sales info@fmdrc-zambia.com +27 11 044 8985
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Mining NEWS
$548 million cement plant to be built in Zambia Zambia will build a $548 million cement plant in a joint venture between the nation's mining investment arm and China's Sinoconst, in an aim to diversify the economy to reduce reliance on copper mining. e building of the cement plan was commissioned by President Edgar Lungu recently. Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines Investment Holdings (ZCCM-IH) and Sinoconst will raise nancing for the project from local and international nancial institutions. Zambia's is Africa's second copper producer and the industrial metal is the main foreign exchange earner and a key employer. But the southern African nation has been trying to diversify away from mining to insulate itself from commodity price shocks by investing in other areas including agriculture. Lungu said the plant - to be built in Ndola in Zambia's copperbelt, about 400 km north of Lusaka - would be completed in three years and create roughly 1,000 jobs at construction stage.
www.axis.com/critical_infrastructure
"e copperbelt being a largely mining province and with the cyclical nature of this industry that has affected job security, I believe this project could not have come at a better time," he said. e plant will have a daily output of 5,000 tonnes of cement and will also have two 20 megawatt (MW) coal red power plants to provide electricity to the facility, Lungu said.
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Mining NEWS
e DRC is revisiting its mining code. Why reform is long overdue? e government of the Democratic Republic of
amendment process was suspended due to
the Congo (DRC) recently announced plans to
collapsed commodity prices and
reintroduce the shelved changes to the
industry opposition.
erce
country's mining code. e current mining code, introduced in 2002,
most debate were those that tried to reduce the tax advantages enjoyed by mining companies. e most important proposed tax changes to the DRC's mining code are:
It's now back on the agenda. As in the past a
was based on a dra prepared under the
major debate will ensue between the
auspices of the World Bank. Its primary
Congolese Government, civil society and the
§
increasing taxes on pro ts from 30%
§
increasing the government's stake in
to 35%;
objective was to relaunch the industrial mining
DRC mining indust r y. e st rongest
new mining projects from 5% to 10%
sector following the Congo Wars of 1996 to
opposition to the proposed changes comes
and;
2003 by opening it up to foreign investors.
f rom the large multinational mining
While it has been successful in achieving this
corporations, who argue that increasing taxes
goal, the bene ts to Congolese people are more
will hold back the sector's potential.
§
increasing royalties from 2% to 3.5% for copper and cobalt.
When compared to mining tax regimes in other
difficult to discern. However, a review of the major tax changes
African countries, the proposed changes do not
Today the DRC is Africa's largest copper
reveals them to align with regional standards.
place the DRC outside of the norm. Most
producer and the world's largest cobalt
e DRC's high operating costs are offset by
African countries demand a 10% government
producer. Its mining sector contributes 22% of
the equally high quality of its mineral deposits,
stake in mining projects. e proposed copper
GDP and 28% of government revenue. Yet the
and the current tax rate exerted over the sector
royalty tax is also within the range imposed by
most recent Human Development Report ranks
is low. In addition, reviving the reform process
many governments in the region, such as
the DRC 176 out of 188 countries, with a life
presents an opportunity to address a number
Zambia (6%), Ghana (5%) and Tanzania (4%).
expectancy of 59 and 77% of the population
of concerns related to transparency and local
Likewise, the DRC's proposed pro t tax is
living below the income poverty line.
development.
within the range of other countries, though it sits at the top end. Both Cameroon and Ghana
e latest round of changes were originally
Debunking industry myths
impose the same 35% pro t tax as the DRC is
submitted to parliament in March 2015, but the
In the past, propositions that provoked the
considering.
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Mining NEWS
But the mining industry's response to these
Tshimanga – prominent political economists
comparisons is twofold. ey say the DRC
working on the DRC – revealed a tax rate of 21%
current dra to address this loophole.
provides an extremely challenging operational
for one of the country's largest copper mines,
Lastly, for a number of years Congolese civil
environment, with exceptionally high transport
well below the World Bank's recommended
society has been pushing hard for
and power costs. And they say what matters is not
46% tax rate for the country.
improvements to the code on environmental
individual tax rates, but the overall tax burden
and local development issues. For example,
(including both formal and informal taxes).
Similarly, a recent scal study conducted by the
existing policy provides little guidance on
Both points are questionable.
German Society for International Cooperation
critical issues such as forced displacement. Only
found that between 2011 and 2014, total state
three of the mining code's 344 articles refer to
Costs, and the opaque world of taxes
revenue collected by the mining sector
the relationship between title holders and
A report published last year by the Natural
amounted to a mere 6 percent of total mining
people living in title holders' concessions.
Resource Governance Institute – which works
sector revenue for the same period.
w it h g ov e r n m e nt s on n atu r a l re s ou rc e
Time to seize the opportunity
management – shows the DRC's production costs
What's been le out
e DRC's mining code is 15 years old.
to be extremely favourable compared to regional
Yet there's a danger that the heated debates
Extremely advantageous scal incentives were
competitors. In 2013 the average production cost
about tax rates and royalties will drown out the
included back in 2002 to attract foreign
of copper in the DRC was $3,672 per tonne. is
urgency of addressing other big issues, many of
investors to the country. Yet they have
same cost was $4,582 in Zambia and $4,931 in
which have been le out of the dra revision.
minimised the bene ts of increased mining
South Africa.
Global Witness – a non pro t focused on the
production to the Congolese government and
links between natural resource exploitation,
people. e proposed tax changes bring the
High quality Congolese mineral deposits appear
con ict and poverty – has been calling attention
DRC up to date with today's regional standards
to offset high operational expenses to generate low
to these omissions. ese include the removal
and should be supported.
production costs (and therefore high pro ts).
of “crucial regulations banning politicians and
Indeed, last year the research rm BMI reported
senior army
gures from owning mining
But when the DRC's parliament reopens in
that the DRC will remain a “destination of choice”
rights”, an opaque tender process and
September, its members would do well to
for mining investors in the coming years due to its
insufficient bene cial ownership disclosure
incorporate civil society concerns on key
low production costs and high quality minerals.
requirements.
transparency, environmental and local development issues. Fail to do so, and
e concern about the overall tax rate as opposed
In addition, many mining companies have
Congolese people – particularly those directly
to individual tax changes is entirely legitimate. Yet
s i g n e d “c o n v e n t i o n s” w i t h t h e D R C
affected by mining projects – will be locked into
the few non-industry studies that exist suggest this
government that exist outside of the tax and
another decade or more of inadequate mining
overall rate to be extremely low. Research by
legal structure established by the country's
legislation. Change is long overdue, and the
Professors Stefaan Marysse and Claudine
mining code. ere's no provision within the
opportunity must not be missed.
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Mining NEWS
President Lungu commissions reconstruction of Mufulira-Ndola road As part of his tour of duty to the Copperbelt
For many years, residents of Mufulira in
minerals from the place of production to the
Province, President Lungu commissioned the
particular have been lamenting the bad state of
market place.
reconstruction works of the Mufulira- Ndola
the road.
road.
For instance, many sections of the road have
Apart from mining, farming is also another
President Edgar Lungu recently made history as
either been washed away or developed huge
major economic activity in Mufulira. It is
the rst Republican President to travel by road
potholes, some the size of craters, due to lack of
indisputable that farmers need good roads to
between Mufulira and Ndola and see for himself
routine maintenance and soil erosion during
deliver inputs to their farms and produce to the
the extent to which this important artery has
successive rainy seasons.
been destroyed due to many years of neglect.
market place. However, in the current state, it is difficult for
Due to the deplorable state of the road, travel
farmers in Mufulira to transport their produce
President Lungu deliberately decided to drive
between Ndola and Mufulira is a nightmare for
to Ndola and beyond.
to Mufulira in a convoy for what turned out to
travellers as it takes unnecessarily long to cover
be an on-the-spot-inspection of this vital link
the estimated 70km distance.
is in turn has potential to discourage many
that passes near Sakania, the Zambia-
When the road was in tip-top condition, travel
Mufulira residents from taking up farming as a
Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)
between Ndola and Mufulira would take less
business and a major source of income due to
border post, which lies some 30km north of
than 40 minutes but now it takes three to four
difficulties in accessing the market.
Ndola.
hours because the road is virtually impassable.
At a time when the country is positioning itself as a food basket for the region, there is need to
e reconstruction of the Mufulira-Ndola road
Mufulira is one of Zambia's mining towns
encourage more people to engage in farming,
is not only welcome but long overdue
endowed with mineral resources such as
and access to markets through good roads is not
considering the extent to which this important
copper-ore. It is indisputable good road
only a necessity but an incentive.
artery has deteriorated due to many years of
infrastructure is key to boosting mining
neglect. is has been compounded by the
activities as well attracting investors to the area.
natural effects of rainy seasons.
It is of no doubt the reconstruction of the
is is because good road infrastructure is
Mufulira Ndola road will go a long way in
needed to transport the copper-ores and other
boosting economic activities in Mufulira and Ndola.
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management@concargo.com
Mining NEWS
South African mining in crisis At the start of a 4am shi, gold miners scan their
being abetted by legitimate miners. Nash
month by South Africa's mining minister,
ngerprints and squeeze into tiny “mantrap”
Lutchman of Sibanye estimates that roughly
Mosebenzi Zwane, would force companies to
turnstiles, designed to prevent thieves from
3.5-4% of gold production across all of the
ensure that at least 30% of their shares are in
slipping through. en they pile into cages and
company's operations is lost to illegal miners.
black hands, up from the current minimum of
descend nearly three kilometres (2 miles)
Industry wide, they pilfer some 20 billion rand
26%. Under the new charter, companies would
underground at Sibanye Gold's Driefontein
(about $1.5bn) a year. Sibanye's tactical
be required to maintain this level of black
mine. A warren of increasingly narrow tunnels
response team has faced gun re and even
ownership regardless of whether black
leads to the reef, where miners blast a rock face
grenades while chasing aer zama-zamas.
rich with gold. It is gruelling work. Deep in the
investors sell out. ey would also have to pay out at least 1% of their turnover each year to
bedrock, the air feels as hot and humid as a
South Africa's mining industry is shrinking. At
their black shareholders. Had this rule been in
tropical jungle.
its peak in 1980, mining accounted for a h of
effect in 2016, black shareholders would have
the country's GDP; the number now stands at
got 5.8bn rand of the total of 5.9bn rand paid as
Most of the world's deepest (and historically
7.3%. High costs, low commodity prices, labour
dividends, leaving almost nothing for anyone
richest) gold mines are clustered some 70km
strife and falling productivity have all taken
else, notes the Chamber of Mines of South
(40 miles) south-west of Johannesburg. e
their toll. Mines have shed 70,000 jobs over the
Africa.
deeper they go, the more expensive and difficult
past
ve years. More cuts are coming.
the work of extracting the ore. Most mines are
AngloGold Ashanti, a gold-mining giant, last
e industry's top brass remain mostly white;
mature (Driefontein is 65 years old), and the
week announced plans to lay off 8,500 workers,
workers toiling in the mines are nearly all black.
cost of extracting the gold may soon exceed its
a third of its South African workforce. At
e government claims to be outraged about
value. Illegal miners known as “zama-zamas”
Sibanye, many of the zama-zamas are former
this; perhaps this explains why it draed the
(“taking chances”) are another problem,
miners who return to work underground for
new rules in such a hurry, without bothering to
undeterred by the extreme depths and high-
powerful syndicates.
consult mining rms. Whereas South Africa's
tech security. At Sibanye's nearby Cooke mine, a
rst-ever mining charter, introduced in 2004
recent wildcat strike had the unexpected side-
Mining rms are also being hurt by government
and revised six years later, was the product of
effect of ushing out 461 zama-zamas who were
policies. A new mining charter introduced last
extensive talks with the industry, the new rules
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Mining NEWS
were simply handed down.
South Africa is already a tough sell. In a 2016
(ANC), which is deeply divided as it prepares to
survey of attractiveness to mining investors, the
elect new leaders in December. e charter is
ey are also hard to understand. e Chamber
Fraser Institute, a free-market think-tank,
championed by President Jacob Zuma and his
of Mines has gone to court seeking to block the
ranked South Africa 74th of 104 mining
supporters, who have backed populist policies
charter, calling it “so confusing and confused,
jurisdictions, well behind neighbouring
under the guise of “radical economic
and so contradictory in its core provisions”, that
Botswana (19th), Namibia (53rd) and many
transformation”, perhaps to distract public
it has le mining companies and legal experts
other African countries. Meanwhile South
attention from a growing mountain of
perplexed. e chamber's CEO, Roger Baxter,
Africa dipped into a recession last quarter, and
corruption scandals. e deputy president,
argues that the new rules would deter
official unemployment has reached a 14-year
Cyril Ramaphosa, a former union leader turned
investment and put up to 100,000 mining jobs at
high at 27.7%.
businessman who is seeking to succeed Mr
risk. e charter's release triggered a sell-off of
Zuma, leads a separate faction that has called
South African mining stocks. A drawn-out legal
Adding to the confusion are differing messages
for the new charter to be reconsidered. e
battle is lo oming, which means more
from Mr Zwane and other senior members of
policy uncertainty will probably only end with
uncertainty.
his party, the African National Congress
change at the top.
info@nyumba.co.za www.nyumba.co.za
Tel: +27 (0)83 2700 555 FMDZ |
Fax: 086 612 2887
May - Jun 2017
|
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Company NEWS
Banro Corporation Vedanta seeks to resumes operations quadruple Zambia at Namoya Mine copper output Vedanta Resources Plc plans to quadruple its Zambian copper output over the next three years, the local unit's chief executive officer said, Banro Corporation is pleased to report that following the precautionary
signalling a more ambitious expansion in Africa's second-biggest
measures taken to evacuate staff from the Namoya mine on a temporary
producer of the metal.
basis, have now returned to Namoya and mining operations have resumed.
Most of the increase will come from Konkola Copper Mines Plc 's agship operation in Chililabombwe, near the Democratic Republic of Congo
Dr. John Clarke, president and CEO of Banro, says: "We would like to
border, where the unit is seeking to triple output in three years, said
thank the hard work and diligence of all of our staff in supporting this
Steven Din. e company is investing $1 billion in projects to achieve the
turnaround at the Namoya mine.
increase.
“We would also like to thank the support we received from both the
KCM has struggled to turn a pro t amid low metal prices and copper
national and regional governments of the Democratic Republic of Congo
output that fell to 94 000 metric tons in the 12 months through 31 March
“is support has been instrumental in the safe return of our employees
from 159 000 tons four years earlier. At the Konkola mine, the company
and contractors to site, and the safety of the supply truck convoy that was
produced 49 000 tons in the year that ended March 2016.
originally stranded in Lulimba and has now been released." “We are working on the design to be able to take the Konkola Banro is a Canadian gold mining company focused on production from
underground mine up from where it is today to about three times that,”
the Twangiza mine, which began commercial production 1 September,
said Din. “Vedanta has already invested just over $3 billion. Our intention
2012, and on production at its second gold mine at Namoya, where
is, with some more investment, to get those production levels up.”
commercial production was declared effective 1 January , 2016.
Vendata is now targeting raising overall production to 400,000 tons
Banro's longer term objectives include the development of two additional
within three years, an amount it said in April could take as many as seven.
major, wholly-owned gold projects, Lugushwa and Kamituga. e company has restarted operations at its Nchanga mine that halted in e four projects, each of which has a mining license, are located along
November 2015 aer copper prices plunged. KCM also plans to at least
the 210 km long Twangiza-Namoya gold belt in the South Kivu and
double output over 12 to 18 months at its tailings leach plant that extracts
Maniema provinces of the DRC.
copper from old waste dumps, Din said.
All Banro business activities are followed in a socially and
Zambia is Africa's biggest copper producer aer the Democratic
environmentally responsible manner.
Republic of Congo.
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FMDZ |
Email: info@copperalliance.org.za www.copperalliance.org.za
May - Jun 2017
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Page13
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overall project plan from the very beginning.
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e idea was to discharge the material at all
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times as close as possible to the location where it was to be used. e discharge point has been
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Doppelmayr Transport Technology GmbH
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original system, which now discharges the
Page14
| May - Jun 2017
| FMDZ
www.doppelmayr-mts.com
dtt@doppelmayr.com
Opinion
Yes, it’s daylight robbery in the extractive industry Historically Africa has always been a silent
I do not believe in economic diplomacy if it
government is a big mistake. Your Excellency
victim. First it was the slave trade followed by
shields and defends economic thievery.
Mr President, the majority of the re-appointees
plundering of natural resources, leaving our
Whoever said that investors will shy away is
are a liability to your administration. e earlier
populations in abject poverty.
misleading since the world will judge us on our
they are dropped the better. Back to the
merits and being victims of multinational
extractive sector, the question I ask is: how
Our own previous, greedy and unpatriotic
corporations. We should rather deal with a few
much is Africa bene tting from the extraction
leaders signed the mining contracts that hugely
but fair and honest investors rather than a
of its abundant resources?
favour foreign investors and this is why our
multitude of dishonest investors.
minerals are stolen right under our very own eyes without any shame. Enough is enough.
Natural resource extraction contributes more e report of the probe team led by Prof
than 30 per cent of Africa's GDP. According to a
Abdulkarim Mruma presented on May 24 is
McKinsey report, resource extractive industries
Notwithstanding the contracts, international
very clear and self-explanatory. In simple
"will continue to pro t from rising global
courts or an independent analysis of the sand,
language, these multinational extractive
demand for oil, natural gas, minerals, food,
this is daylight robbery that has to end. It is
corporations operating in Tanzania have been
arable land, and the like". So, how much is
better that these mines are closed and there is no
stealing our wealth and the painful aspect of
Africa gaining?
more exploitation than to lose our minerals. e
this the is that our own people are involved.
According to Carlos Lopes, the executive
simple question is: why are these mines still
ere is nothing sophisticated in this the -
secretary of the UNECA, "Average net pro ts
operational despite being reported that they are
they are just understating (under-invoicing) the
for the top 40 mining companies grew by 156
losing $1 million per day since sand exports
true value of what they are exporting.
were halted? Logically the mine owners should
per cent in 2010 whereas the take for governments grew by only 60 per cent, most of
have by now sought redress at international
e reappointing of ministers and other high
which was accounted for by Australia and
courts.
offi c i a ls f rom pre v i ous phas e s of t he
Canada."
Page16
| May - Jun 2017
| FMDZ
Opinion valuable investments in infrastructure, human capital, social services, and other public goods. is is the time when we need help from countries that are our bilateral partners but also host these multinational corporations to investigate these multinational corporations. Business transactions of these companies are illegal, morally questionable and exploitative. We do not ask for aid or charity. What we are asking is for these countries to investigate the dealings of these multinational corporations and provide us the ndings. is is an economic war and for one to fully participate and support our President, we should know the key elements of oil and mining He points out that the pro t made by the same
about equity or boost development."
contracts thus these contracts should be made
set of mining companies in 2010 was $110
public. Legislatures can play a crucial role in this
bi l l i on , w h i c h w a s e qu i v a l e nt t o t h e
I strongly believe that the extractive sector
merchandise exports of all African LDCs in the
provides huge opportunities for sustainable
same year.
development and poverty reduction if properly
e Public Accounts Committee in Parliament
"It is fair to say therefore that the resource-to-
managed with the right mix of policies and
and the Opposition can be a particularly force
development model puts raw materials
enforcement systems in place. e issue at hand
for safeguarding the management of public
process.
suppliers at a signi cant disadvantage. e
is, without exception, the high levels of public
assets and auditing state-owned enterprises.
conclusion that can then be drawn from this
sector corruption.
ere is only one solution to this saga - pay us
situation is that the current resource-for-
If accountably governed, natural resource
what was looted all this years or else leave us in
development model is not working to bring
wealth could be a boon to a society, enabling
peace.
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May - Jun 2017
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Page17
Projects Cape Lambert has signed a binding terms sheet
acquire a 70% shareholding in AMCZ."
t o e a r n a 7 0 % i nt e r e s t i n t h e K i t w e
Cape Lambert to acquire 70% interest in Zambia cobalt project
cobalt/copper tailings project in Zambia.
“ere will be obvious synergies available to us
Signed with Zambian entity Australian Mining
with our recently acquired Kipushi Tailings
Company Zambia (AMCZ), the agreement
Project located just over 170km away across
covers an area spanning 500m².
border in the Democratic Republic of Congo.”
Under the agreement, Cape Lambert will pay
Should the company choose to exercise its
$25,000 upon execution of the terms sheet.
option, it will have to make milestone payments
Following the execution, the company will
to AMCZ. ese payments comprise $50,000
incur an expenditure of $500,000 within a six-
upon receipt of an environmental approval, a
month option period to acquire a 70%
further $50,000 on the grant of a mining
shareholding in AMCZ.
licence, and a further $50,000 upon receiving an export licence for the Kitwe project.
Cape Lambert Resources executive chairman Tony Sage said: “e acquisition of this
Aer completion of the acquisition, Cape
signi cant high-grade cobalt-copper tailings
Lambert will be responsible for managing and
dam emphasises the company's commitment to
funding development of the project.
becoming a signi cant player in the cobalt sector.
e project is around 3km from the outskirts of Kitwe, in the Copperbelt region of Zambia.
"e company will incur an expenditure of
e transaction is subject to completion of a
$500,000 within a six-month option period to
due diligence, and the execution of a share sale agreement by 31 May.
Page18
| May - Jun 2017
| FMDZ
www.pilotair.com.au
Products & SERVICES
New tech-NEW CURVE™ SLURRY PUMP surpasses all expectations Pump and Abrasion Technologies® (PAT) unveiled
over 10 CURVE™ pumps installed and operating at
CURVE™ is cost saving. rough the use of the
its new CURVE™ range of pumps in September
the plant.”
latest design and technology, these pumps are highly durable and thereby reduce the Total Cost
2016. A prominent South African ferrochrome processing plant was among the rst companies to
Innovative Features
of Ownership,” Pienaar explains. “Along with this,
adopt this new technology by implementing a
e CURVE™ S150 model offers several innovative
the CURVE™ pumps boast a longer wear life cycle,
project to change all their pumps to the CURVE
features that makes it an ideal candidate to meet
are safer to work on and require maintenance less
range of pumps.
the client's operational needs. ese features
oen.”
e conversion project commenced with the
impeller vanes, adjustable throatbush, enhanced
include a one piece volute liner, fully pro led PAT has been monitoring the performance of the
rst CURVE™ pump on 1
cutwater pro le, and a clip-in suction joint.
rst pumps installed at the client's plant on an on-
November 2016. Since then, this pump's
Sealing performance and life have been addressed
going basis and the results underline the
installation of the
performance has surpassed all expectations while
by a larger diameter expeller and high chrome
CURVE's™ incredible operational capabilities.
being closely monitored to validate the actual
sha sleeve and lantern ring. e CURVE™ S150
“One of the most astounding results we have seen
performance of CURVE™ pumps in real-world
also features a discharge piece designed to
so far is a 73% reduction in downtime. e pump is
applications and conditions.
eliminate the need to remove the discharge pipe
only opened every third maintenance cycle due to
during routine maintenance.
its longer wear life. is was measured in
Operational bene ts
maintenance of the previously installed pumps,” says Pienaar.
comparison to the wear life and required
“is was in effect the rst true test of the CURVE™ S150 pump,” says James Pienaar, PAT sales director. “e changeover of all existing pumps at
According to Pienaar, the client has bene tted
the client's plant to the CURVE™ range is a process
handsomely from the installation of CURVE™
that takes time, but we are currently standing at
pumps. “e major bene t in investing in the
Page20
| May - Jun 2017
| FMDZ
Along with this, maintenance on the pump was
Products & SERVICES
reported as being easier and faster compared to
Total ownership cost reduced signi cantly
engineering is absolutely cutting edge and that the
experiences with previous pumps. is is due to
An astounding 52% reduction in total ownership
company can deliver on the claimed bene ts of the
the inherent features of pumps in the CURVE™
cost was reported with a number of factors
CURVE™ range.”
range. For instance - the pump's encapsulated one-
contributing to the reduction. Firstly, the pump's
piece volute liner reduces opening and closing
adjustable suction liner maintains optimal
Best solution
time by 80%; eye bolts allow for safe removal of the
clearances thereby reducing wear and improving
“e application at the client's plant is a perfect
casing; the casing assembly is a balanced load for
efficiency. en there is the one piece volute liner
example of what the CURVE™ range of pumps is
safe handling, and the discharge pipe no longer
that improves the liner wear life from 10 weeks to
able to do for a mine. Now there is concrete
needs to be removed when disassembling the
30 weeks. An assessment of the pump also
evidence that this pump is the best solution for any
pump thanks to the newly designed discharge
revealed that the CURVE™ pump impeller at 15
mine or minerals processing operation. e facts
piece.
weeks had visibly reduced wear compared to the
are there to prove that the CURVE™ slurry pumps
Pienaar elaborates on the report saying that the
previously installed pump at just 5 weeks.
save real money,” Pienaar concludes.
pump also reduced electricity consumption due to
Pienaar explains how these results prove the
its efficient design. “An 8% power reduction was
CURVE™ range's ability to outperform older
Maiden CURVE™ project
reported. is power saving is achieved
technology pumps on the market. “When we
During the rst quarter of 2017, PAT was awarded
throughout the life cycle of the pump. Slurry ows
examine the basic operating conditions of the
their rst all CURVE™ pump project. e project
through the pump in a more natural ow pattern.
previous pump and the CURVE™ pump in the trial
in a new technology
A uniform wear design means that the hydraulic
application, they are virtually the same. Both
included the supply of 13x S150 CURVE™ pumps
otation application,
pro le is maintained and efficiency remains
pumps have rubber liners and a 35% chrome
inclusive of motors and drives. e project was
'higher for longer'. ”
impeller. In terms of expected performance, both
initially proposed late 2016 and the order was
pumps offer 38 l/s and speci c gravity (SG) was
placed in February 2017 with delivery in March
Additional bene ts that the client reported with
unchanged at 1.5. e duty covered by both pumps
2017. What makes this project signi cant is that
this pump includes quick and easy dismantling,
is the transfer-to-plant with a particle size of 80%
the wear life of the pumps had to be guaranteed for
inspection and reassembly; improved safety when
less than 1.5mm. In spite of many similarities on
a xed period as part of the client's operation
working on the pump; excellent sealing over the
paper, the CURVE™ S150's performance is
methodology. is obviously made the CURVE™
trial period; and essentially choke-free operation.
outstanding. It proves that PAT's design and
an ideal candidate due to its high emphasis on total ownership cost reduction and service cycles.
FMDZ |
May - Jun 2017
|
Page21
www.cdeglobal.com
Products & SERVICES
Babcock’s new Volvo ADT and excavator launched Babcock launched the Volvo Construction Equipment's 60-ton A60H articulated dump truck (ADT) and 90-tonne EC950E crawler excavator. Babcock, the sole regional distributor of Volvo Construction Equipment, took the rst order for the A60H at bauma last year – for not one, but three of the massive machines, from South African company Burgh Plant Hire. e machines will work in the company's coal mining operations. Improved production e largest 6x6-con guration articulated hauler on the market, the 60-ton Volvo A60H has a payload capacity of 55 metric tonnes, delivering up to 40% more productivity than Volvo's previous largest hauler (the A40).
Several of the A60H features will be familiar to current series A40 operators, allowing operators to undergo a short orientation course rather than major retraining, and ensuring technicians familiar with other Volvo dump trucks will have knowledge of many of its elements. Superior digging force With over 424kN of breakout force and 408kN of tearout force, the 90-tonne EC950E is Volvo's largest ever crawler excavator, and combines power and stability to handle highcapacity duties in the toughest applications.
It works in all seasons, terrains and appl i c at i ons u s i ng t ai l ore d m a ch i n e con gurations and specialised tyres optimised speci cally for the machine, manufactured by Goodyear, Bridgestone and Michelin.
Page24
| May - Jun 2017
| FMDZ
e heavy-duty, fuel-efficient EC950 has been designed speci cally to load the massive A60H, with a powerful 16-litre engine, new electro-hydraulic control system, Volvo's unique ECO mode and an ergonomic, lownoise operator environment. e excavator comes with a standard bucket of 4m3 and Volvo's general purpose, heavy-duty or extreme-duty buckets, built with wearresistant steel plates, are perfect for digging in all working conditions, particularly in quarrying and mining applications.
Products & SERVICES e Challenge
e Anglo American success story
productivity due to the range of functionalities
e Anglo American Group of Mines' Survey
and impressive speci cations of the kit (faster
and Draing offices faced challenges with le
processing and printing, web connectivity,
limitations and support; severely affected
Embedded Web Server, HP-GL.2 driver, whole
productivity; major frustrations internally with
digitizing process phased out and replaced with
networking traffic volumes and congestion and
scanning); bigger
not having a consistent, standardized printing
limitations with Adobe PostScript drivers;
les support and less
and scanning kit across all platforms and sites
signi cant reduction in network traffic with
and outdated kit. is was esp ecially
much smaller les moving across the network
problematic with staff within the group being
with HP's patented HP-GL/2 driver (also the
moved to different sites within the company's
industry standard for accurate Vector data
portfolio, some having worked with the oldest
translation, transfer and scalable printing); staff
and most outdated kit and other with the latest,
moving between sites familiar with the kit,
top-of-the-range equipment.
drivers and functionalities of the models.
e Solution
Azero Avenue spearheaded this transformation
Standardising on HP's large format technical
of the large format printing environment at
production printer and High De nition
Anglo American. Users are used to 24-hour
scanner and eMultifuntion all-in-one machine
supp or t f rom qu a l i e d H P D e s i g nj e t
for a complete Multifunction solution across all
Production Specialist technicians; smooth
sites/shas with the necessary on-site technical
ordering and supplying of consumables;
support team on call 24-hours a day.
reduced down-time; preventative maintenance;
Bene ts and results
or downgrading sites, redeploying functioning
With the introduction and standardization of
kit to smaller and less busy sites, all done with a
experts advise and consultation for upgrading
the then production printer, the HP Designjet
full understanding of years of experience
4500 and 4500 scanner all sites saw increased
servicing the mining industry in South Africa.
marketing@azero.co.za
www.azero.co.za
Products & SERVICES
Analysis in simple terms My name is Jenny, and I want to nd out more about liquid analysis. For those like me, who do not have a background in technical studies, I use this section in each issue to explain in more
values. I'll explain why this is the case in
would be higher than the measured value. is
layman's terms. As a start, sensors with four
is called the polarization effect. At this point in
electrodes have two electrodes opposite one
time, the four-electrode measurement gets
another. An alternating voltage is applied to
interesting. In such measurements, the two
these electrodes. is ensures that positively
additional electrodes act as observers. ese
detail a different "piece of the puzzle" of our
and negatively charged ions are attracted to ions
two conductivity measurement watchmen keep
huge area of expertise. In this issue: the four-
of the opposite charge, causing them to move
a close eye on the polarization and report the
electrode conductivity measurement. If you need to measure conductivity across a wide measuring range using a single sensor, it's safe to say that "four wins". Only sensors with four electrodes deliver reliable measurement results spanning from low to high conductivity
Page26
| May - Jun 2017
toward each other. If the charge of the
deviation between the measured and actual
electrodes switches, the ions move back to
values to the transmitter. en, the corrected
where they started. A higher number of ions
(and correct) measured value is output from the
m ov i ng i n a l i qu i d re su lt s i n h i g h e r
transmitter, and this compensates for the
conductivity. But if there are too many ions,
polarization effect.
they repel each other, thereby inhibiting
For more information, please visit:
movement to some extent. is distorts the
http://bit.ly/Endress_Analytics
conductivity measurement: the actual value
| FMDZ
www.za.endress.com/primaries
www.za.endress.com info@za.endress.com susan.buitendag@za.endress.com
Products & SERVICES
LOESCHE can build on its good standing …and deliver more ver cal roller mills (VRM) for clinker to Vietnamese cement manufacturer Bim Son Cement JSC New order con rms LOESCHE's market leadership in Vietnam – there are a total of 35 LOESCHE mills in operation within the Southeast Asian country.
Contract signing with a delega on of Bim Son Cement and representa ves of LOESCHE GmbH
Bim Son - LOESCHE will soon be delivering a vertical roller mill for the grinding of clinker and granulated blast furnace slag for the Vietnamese company Bim Son Cement JSC. is supplements the existing Bim Son cement plant in the province of anh Hóa, the total capacity of which has recently been increased to 4 million tons per year in several stages. e new LOESCHE mill with a throughput of 250 t/h shall grind cement primary products into Portland cement clinker PCB 40. e ordered scope of supply includes a silo, blower, lter and a packing plant. With the delivery of the new clinker mill, which is expected to be commissioned in August 2017, and the LOESCHE cement raw meal and coal mills already in operation,
The LOESCHE cement mill in opera on in the cement plant Banyuwangi, Indonesia
the Bim Son factory is fully equipped with the reliable and pioneering LOESCHE mill technology. In addition to the advanced technology and the competitive price, the positive experiences with LOESCHE mills in the Bim Son factory thus far were decisive for awarding the contract to LOESCHE again: In the year 2000 the rst LOESCHE mill at Bim Son was comissioned, 2006 a further raw mill and a coal mill followed. Overall, LOESCHE is the market leader in Vietnam, having sold 35 mills. LOESCHE has been represented here since 1994, and since. 2010 it even has its own representation on site. Both the sales activities and the processing of projects are supported from there. Bim Son Cement – a subsidiary of the Vietnam National Cement Corporation (VICEM) – is one of the biggest cement manufacturers in Vietnam. e company is predominantly active in the building materials industry and produces, imports, exports and processes cement, clinker and other building materials such as ready-mix concrete and prefabricated part modules.
Thanks to the interference-free opera on of the LOESCHE mill, the team in the cement plant Banyuwangi, Indonesia, can work in peace.
Page28
| May - Jun 2017
| FMDZ
Company NEWS
Midnight Sun commences drilling the Mitu Copper-Cobalt discovery Midnight Sun Mining Corp. (the "Company" or
ore-shale potentially continuing along the full
and ZCCM Investment Holdings Plc, which has
"Midnight Sun") (TSX-V: MMA) is pleased to
17 km contact zone. e goal of the diamond
been in
announce the commencement of drilling on the
drilling is to test the dip extent of the ore-shale,
production since 1932 and still contains a
Mitu c opp e r- c ob a lt d i s c ove r y on t he
which is estimated by the NSAMT survey to be
m e a s u r e d a n d i n d i c at e d r e s o u r c e o f
Company's optioned Solwezi properties. e
3 to 4 kilometers at a 20 degree angle from
211,300,000 tonnes ofcopper and cobalt.2“We
Company has contracted Blu Rock Mining
surface.
are at a transformative time for the Company“
Services Ltd. to conduct a diamond drilling
said Robert Sibthorpe, President “is drill
program intended to further expand and de ne
NSAMT surveys are used extensively in the
programat the Mitu area should give us the big
the extent of the previously announced ore-
Zambia/Congo Copperbelt with known
picture - whether Mitu has the strike and dip
shale type copper-cobalt discovery (see news
efficacy in identifying the blanket style
extent topotentially develop into a world-class
release dated January 12, 2017).
deposition of ore-shale mineralization. Ore-
deposit.“While Mitu is the most advanced of
shale mineralization is the dominant form of
the Company's Solwezi property targets, the
A geophysical survey on Mitu, including 37
copper-cobalt deposition in the Zambia/Congo
earlier stage Dumbwa and 22 Zone areas remain highly prospective.
line-kilometers of natural source audio
Copperbelt, the largest single copper-cobalt
magneto tellurics
production area in the world. Mineralization is
(“NSAMT”) conducted by the Company,
associated with shale units which form
Quali ed Person: Richard Mazur, P.Geo., a
indicates a very large 'banana' shaped anomaly
chemical and physical 'traps' for base metals at
Quali ed Person under NI 43-101, has
running south of the initial discovery area on
or near the contact between the Upper and
reviewed and approved the technical data and
the western ank of the Solwezi Dome. is
Lower Roan units.
contents of this release. Mr. Mazur is a Director of t he C omp any and, as su ch , is not
favourable contact zone along the western ank of the Solwezi Dome extends for over 17
e sedimentary nature of these ore-shale
kilometers on the Company's optioned
deposits lends themselves to the potential for
properties.
both high grade as well as very large tonnage.
independent. Stock Option Expiration: 525,000 previously
Examples of this type of deposition in Zambia
issued stock options at a strike price of $0.25 are set to expire on May 31, 2017. e Company
Midnight Sun is currently conducting air core
include the Sentinel mine, owned by First
drilling to con rm the presence of the ore-shale
Quantum Minerals Ltd. (“First Quantum”),
expects these options will be exercised prior to
unit closest to surface as indicated by the
which has a measured and indicated resource of
expiration.
NSAMT survey. To date, this shallow drilling
over one billion tonnes of copper1, and the
(approximately 60 meters in depth) supports
Nkana copper-cobalt mine, jointly owned by
Robert Sibthorpe B.Sc.(Geology), M.B.A.
the NSAMT interpretation which indicates the
Glencore International AG, First Quantum,
President & CEO
FMDZ |
May - Jun 2017
|
Page29
Supplement
Zambia Mining Zambia possesses the world's highest-grade
Investment In Mining In Zambia.
program includes promotion of using other
deposits of copper and is ranked 7th largest
e privatization of the Zambia Consolidated
components of Zambia's resource base such as
copper producer in the world for producing
C opp er Mines in late 90s along wit h
agriculture, gemstone mining, tourism and
implementation of
hydropower.
copper.
scal policies in 2004
transformed the economic performance of In 2013, Zambia was the sixth largest producer
Zambia. Under the Mines and Minerals
Challenges To Zambia Mining Sector
of copper with 800,000 tons increasing from
Development Act 2008, the government
Zambia Mining Power Demand And Supply
572,793 tons production in 2008. It has been
simpli ed licensing procedures, created
With rapid economic growth and new mines
projected that copper production in Zambia
favorable investment environment and placed
development in Zambia, there has been a 36%
will reach 1,500,000 tons by the year 2018 due to
minimum constraints on mining activities.
new projects.
demand increase for power in the past decade. is increase in electricity demand means that
As a result the mining sector of Zambia in the
26% of Zambia is affected by load shedding
e mining contribution of Zambia to the Gross
last two decades has experienced tremendous
usually at peak times.
Domestic Product is forecasted to grow to USD
growth and investment. e mining industry of
1.35 billion by the year 2015. Lead and zinc are
Zambia attracted investment of approximately
Hydropower is the primary electricity supply
next important commodities produced by
USD 8 billion since the 2000 employing 80,000
mode for Zambia accounting for 95% power
Zambia. With a total of 11 metric tons of ore
in 2013 compared to 27,000 in 2000.
production. e height of electricity generation
containing zinc and lead combined in 40%
It has been forecasted that the investment in
occurs usually in the rst half of the year during
proportion, Kabwe is one of the highest-grade
mining sector of Zambia will reach USD 15
rainy season Zambia whereas the mining sector
lead and zinc deposits in the world.
billion by 2017 due to new projects under
of Zambia is highly productive during the
Although Zambia is currently the smallest coal
implementation.
second half of the year when the generation of
e Zambian government is focused on
e load shedding is responsible for decreasing
producer in the region, their coal output is estimated to grow from 281,000 tons in 2014 to more than 2 million tons by 2017.
Page30
| May - Jun 2017
hydropower is lower. economic diversi cation to reduce its reliance
the overall efficiency of mining sectors that
on the copper industry. e diversi cation
roughly consumed as much as 60% of total
| FMDZ
Supplement
generated power of Zambia. Zambia Electricity
However the low traffic densities of Zambia's
Supply Corporation (ZESCO) is the sole
railway are below the viability threshold of at
·
Uranium: In Zambia, there are various uranium deposits available
electricity producer. From 2005 to 2014, the
least 2 million tons per kilometer. is is
in different areas. Many companies
demand increase has been in alignment with
making it difficult to capture the revenues
have carried out uranium
ZESCO's 2006-2016 projects of further 100MW
required to maintain assets. In order to develop
explorations in Zambia with a
per annum. ZESCO current power production
a better rail network, an agreement of rail co-
special focus on potential
capacity is however creating a persistent
operation between Zambia, South Africa,
mineralization in the Copperbelt,
problem for the mining sector. Zambia ful ls
Democratic Republic of Congo and Zimbabwe
Karoo Age sediments and the
the gap between electricity demand and
is under progress which will allow increased
Domes region of the Northwest
production by importing electricity from the
export of copper by copper rich countries
South African grid. Coal increasing production
through the Port of Durban in South Africa.
Province. Coal: coal is mined at the Maamba mine that
levels are expected to alleviate a larger part of
e Zambian government is also planning to
has 20 million metric tons of reserve. e coal
current electricity de cit of Zambia as power
invest USD120 to revamp rail line linking South
found in this region is sub-bituminous
plants can utilize coal production. In order to
Africa with copper producers to move use rail
durain-fusain with relatively high ash content.
support the mining sector of Zambia, ZESCO
as the primary mode of transportation.
Carbonaceous shales and thin coal seams have
Investment Opportunities In Zambia Mining
Bartose Basin and lower Karoo of the
Investment prospects in the mining sector of
Luangaw and Luano-Lukusashi.
has established partnerships with local and international rms to invest USD 4.7 billon. is investment is expected to double power
also been identi ed in the eastern part of the
Zambia include:
capacity to 4,203MW within six years. Kafue, MCM Mufilira Leach ponds
Gorge Lower Hydro Project, the largest of power projects is a joint venture between SINOHYDRO of China and ZESCO to generate 750MW of power at a cost of USD 2 billion.is project will complete in 2018. Zambia Mining Railways Network Rail network is very crucial for mineralexploiting economies like Zambia, being the most competitive mode of transport for time insensitive and bulk commodities such as copper.
FMDZ |
May - Jun 2017
|
Page31
Supplement
New technology changes the face of mining New technology in mining is set to affect the
companies are now focusing intently on the use
mine's survey plan is oen not completely
entire mining process and all activities
of drones to improve blasting quality. For
accurate or up to date, potentially reducing blast
associated with it, including maintenance.
example, Johannesburg based explosives and
quality.
technology company BME has established a
“By using drones, we can generate high-quality
Met ic u lous planning and its effe c t ive
high-technology service unit to advance the
aerial imagery of the blast site aer holes have
implementation are essential in preventing
application of drones in mine blasting activities.
technology can play an important role in
According to BME technical director Tony
improving the maintenance regime. Haul road
Rorke, drones
conditions in an open pit, for example, can be
cameras and guided by computer systems using
tted with high-resolution
improved with new products available to mine
global positioning system (GPS) survey data
managers, which would reduce the cost of
have proved invaluable in improving blast
maintaining the
quality.
eet of trucks and other
been drilled, capturing the exact GPS coordinates of each hole,” he adds. “e position
downtime of all mining equipment. New
of each hole is surveyed and then marked so that it is easily identi ed in the footage from the drone as it passes overhead.” e actual blast-hole positions can then be referenced exactly to the survey co-ordinates of the mine, to allow accurate measurement of the
equipment operating in the pit. However, new technologies like drones are set to take the
“We apply a range of modern technologies like
variables necessary to plan an optimal blast.
mining industry by storm. Drones have been
drones to help us plan, monitor, and execute
e co-ordinates are exported into a blast
used in a number of applications in quarrying
blasts in ways that optimise our clients' results,”
timing design program and into the electronic
and mining, but its application to plan and
says Rorke. “e downstream impact can be felt
detonator system so that the appropriate ring
manage effective blasts in an open pit has
in a range of bene ts to mining productivity,
sequences, timing, and charge distributions can
probably had the most signi cant impact. e
such as
way a blast is planned and executed is absolutely
rates, and reduced power consumption in mine
ner fragmentation, higher digging
pivotal in extending the life of equipment
crusher circuits.” Rorke emphasises the bene ts in being able to
operating in the trenches. erefore, it is noteworthy that blasting
Page32
| May - Jun 2017
be applied to the blast, based on the exact positioning of each hole.
While great strides have been made in
adjust the timing of a detonation in a blasthole
surveying and drilling blastholes, Rorke says a
— as well as
| FMDZ
ring sequences and charge
Supplement distribution — to take account of any slight
Aer a blast,
divergence of a hole's actual position compared
drone images
with its place on the survey plan.
from above
“Unless we measure, we are only guessing; so
clearer picture
give a much better measurement — both before, during, and
of where
aer a blast — is the key to optimising blast
c o ars e r an d
results,” says Rorke. “Drones advance our measuring ability greatly when combined with
n
e
r
fragments are
other in-house tools like our blast planning
lying — and in
soware together with our electronic detonator
what relative
system.”
quantities.
e versatility of a drone as a vehicle for the
It may even be
camera also extends to valuable monitoring
possible to use
functions during and aer the blast. What
the images as a
experts can take from the images and graphics is
basis for
a clearer understanding of what block faces look
actually
like, and whether there is any damage or
measuring
potential problems resulting from the drilling.
fragment size BME drone image
in a more “Sampling, measuring, and quantifying the
scienti c way.
fragmentation achieved by a blast is much easier
“We currently
when done from an aerial scale image that a
take post-blast
drone can deliver, making the analysis much
photographs,
more useful in improving future blasts,” says
but it is
Rorke. “e distribution and volumes of
difficult to
fragment sizes are important to monitor, as
interpret these in a way that is statistically
dimensional surface of the blast block, by
these are vital to continuous improvement
valid,” says Rorke.
combining the aerial drone imagery and the
strategies,” he adds.
Soware now also allows the creation of a three-
face pro le footage from land-based cameras.
sales@truflopumps.com.au www.truflopumps.com.au
FMDZ |
May - Jun 2017
|
Page33
Supplement
3D Modelling and Mine planning solutions 3D modelling technology is rapidly becoming a
efficiency and safety. Today, it is easier, quicker
the 70's as the gold mining industry became
vital component of mining projects. and has
and cheaper than ever, and with all the new
increasingly important to national economies
been used widely in various trades. Geological
types of soware available, there is an
and wasteful mining was not acceptable so
body enrich mineral resources, and the spatial
appl i c at i on for a l m o s t e ve r y t y p e of
mining houses began to develop computer
shape and petrophysical distributions of
exploration.
programmes that could help them with
conditions.
Being one of Africa's largest industries, mining
development was outsourced to third parties
is understandably up-to-date when it comes to
including universities and commercial
e ever-growing capabilities of 3D modelling
technology. We have featured a number of
computing specialists and 3D soware became
and design soware are possibly the most
innovations in the past that have changed the
important as the environmental impact of new
potent reminder of the distance the mining
way the mining business works, making things
mines is now more closely scrutinised than ever
industry has come in the last 20 years. With
safer and more efficient and, of course, 3D
before.
soware packages able to perform geospatial
technology is being used here too.
analysis and lay out production facilities before
Modern soware applications, developed by
geological body are controlled by geological
efficiency. Eventually, most of the soware
e graphical element offered by this type of
rst ground is broken, the industry should (and
companies such as Maptek Vulcan, GOCAD,
soware holds the key to its success and
oen does) exploit this technology to reduce
Leapfrog, Micromine and MineSight, use 3D
obviously the 3D components offer a more in-
risk while increasing safety and efficiency. Developing a 3D model of an underground
modelling to provide highly accurate planning
depth idea about the geology and make-up of
tools that are helping all aspects of raw mineral
certain areas. Most of today's modern graphical
research.
cavern, tunnel, mine or drill hole is now a vital part of the mining industry as it improves
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| May - Jun 2017
technology used in 3D mining soware is based on well-established programmes such as
Mine planning soware rst came to the fore in
| FMDZ
OpenGL (SGI), DirectX (Microso) or Java
Supplement
(Sun). is means a more standard, stable and
is sort of technology is also extremely handy
Geotechnical interface for open-pit mining
user-friendly soware, across the whole
in industries such as forensic examinations and
design
industry. 3D computer graphics, or 3D models, are
crime scene investigation, automotive
During the last ten years, Tect has formed the
manufacturing, archaeology, and agricultural
interface between complex structural geology
research to name a few.
and geotechnical analysis, predominantly in
essentially mathematical representations of any three-dimensional object and the process of
open-pit mining and pit design. Detailed 3D With the mainstream applications of 3D
modelling and mapping form an essential
forming a computer model of an object's shape
technology now consistently growing in
component of this work.
is called 3D modelling, a technique that can be
ingenuity and popularity, it seems certain that
u s e d to c re ate v i r tu a l d i ag r am of an
we have only scratched the surface of what is
Predictive modelling for mining exploration
underground mine or drill hole.
possible within both the entertainment and
Tect's other focus area is forward or predictive
So how is a 3D graphic of a certain area actually
research sectors.
modelling, for the purposes of target generation
built? e technology used is similar to the
during exploration. is work has contributed
sonar radar used in a boat or submarine where a
Tect Geological Consulting-
signi cantly to the understanding of structural
pulse of sound is emitted and the echoes are
Specialists in Structural Geology and Ore-
controls on a wide variety of deposit types,
measured to determine distance between the
Structure Relationships
including those containing gold, base metals,
boat and the seabed. In a mine, sound or light
Since Tect Geological Consulting was founded
platinum and diamond.
(sometimes lasers) is used in the same way.
by Dr Ian J Basson in 2000, the company has
With a Lidar (remote sensing technology),
serviced in excess of 50 clients throughout
Geotechnical mining data compilations and
lasers illuminate targets and when the light is
Africa. Tect's main focus is the application of
deposit reviews
re ected it is analysed so that distances and the
structural geology and mineralogy to the
Oen forming part of Tect's geotechnical or
way the surface lies can be pictured. is has
understanding of mineral deposits, either in
exploration work, data compilation involves the collation, digitising and plotting of data.
proved hugely advantageous to miners looking
mining or exploration projects. e company
for progress reports as weekly or monthly scans
emphasises problem solving, lateral thinking,
can be taken and turned into easy to understand
and the application of recent models and
Data compilation and translation, from a
3D models so that it is clear exactly how much
techniques in the
variety of projections and formats into a single
volume has been moved.
economic geology.
elds of structural and
data set, oen forms the
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May - Jun 2017
rst stage of 3D
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modelling or analysis for a client. Such work is
Our approach is not one of 'rubber-stamping' or
numerous clients and is currently the preferred
particularly applicable to archived data from
simply reworking existing data; rather, we seek
provider of geophysical interpretation services
previous exploration projects or government
to add real, quanti able value to our clients'
and structural interpretation services to New
data in developing countries.
mining or exploration ventures. î ˘is approach
Resolution Geophysics and its clients. Major
includes a no-charge, follow-up policy – clients
clients include Anglo Platinum, AngloGold
Deposit reviews, which may include a
are entitled to contact the company for
Ash ant i, L on m i n Pl at i nu m , Nor t h am
component of data compilation, are undertaken
additional information or to discuss new ideas
Platinum, De Beers Consolidated Mines,
for nancial institutions or individuals. î ˘ese
that have resulted from the consulting and
Debswana, Rio Tinto and Kumba.
reviews may culminate in a report that typically
reporting phases. Partly as a
details the quality and extent of data, potential
consequence of this approach
green eld or brown eld exploration projects,
and Tect's 100% safety record,
or a professional opinion on a given mining
many of Tect's clients have
operation or deposit.
awarded us 'preferred supplier' status for structural-economic
Individual and specialised geotechnical
geology work.
services While conforming to industry standards in
Geophysical interpretation
t e r ms of appl i c abl e t e r m i n ol o g y an d
and structural interpretation
techniques, Tect provides individual and
projects
specialised services for both large and small
Tect has undertaken eldwork
companies.
in 14 African countries for
info@tect.co.za www.tect.co.za
Company NEWS
KCM to bring clean water to over 6,000 villagers Konkola Copper Mines (KCM) will bring clean
boreholes KCM will sink aer the rst one in
corporate social responsibility (CSR), which are
water to more than 6,000 inhabitants in some
Shimulala, which is providing water to a
education, health, sustainable livelihoods and
peri-urban areas of Chingola to support
separate 2,000 people. Mr Tembo said the
sport.
national efforts of maintaining high health
installation of boreholes would alleviate
standards in communities. A company official said four solar-powered boreholes will be sunk in different locations to provide clean water to the residents. “e company has commenced the installation of the four water facilities which comprise of boreholes and water ltration units at Kalilo, Hellen, Kakosa West and Hipp o Po ol communities,” said KCM Manager Community Relations, Brian Siatubi. Executive Mayor of Chingola Titus Tembo was represented by his deputy George Kampamba to lead a team of experts at a ground-breaking ceremony to commence the sinking of the boreholes. is brings to ve the number of solar-powered
problems of water in the areas and improve
“Konkola Copper Mines fully agrees with the
sanitation and hygiene.
a d a g e t h at ' w at e r i s l i f e ' a n d w e a re
He described the initiative as 'a strong
at a cost of seven hundred and sixty six hundred
commitment to improving the lives of people in
kwacha (K766,000),” Mr Siatubi said.
demonstrating this belief by sinking boreholes
KCM's areas of operation.' e model of KCM's water projects is tailored “ e installation of boreholes is a
onshared use of water facilities in communities
demonstration of KCM's strong commitment
and partnering with the government on
to its Water Sanitation and Health (WASHE)
projects promoting community development.
pledge and a major contribution to sustainable development goals promoting universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water,” Mr Tembo said. Mr Siatubi said the water project was part of KCM's focus to upli people's standards of living anchored on four pillars of the company's
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Mining ground support-seismic monitoring Mining has always been an industry where risk
Seismic activity can impact underground
purpose of creating good ground support to
is balanced against reward, and safety is played
mining operations and the associated surface
maintain safe excavation. Seismic monitoring
against cost. But with pressure mounting on
infrastructure in several ways, from the damage
equipment is used in order to identify both
global corporations to demonstrate due
caused by naturally occurring earthquakes to
potential hazards caused by changing ground
diligence, seismic monitoring is coming to the
rockbursts, the explosive fracturing of rock in a
conditions, and to maximise mine production
fore.
mine sha that may be caused by natural or
through preventing seismicity related delays.
If one thing has remained a constant
Despite the serious dangers, the majority of
induced seismicity. Seismic monitoring helps locate areas where
throughout the history of mining, it is ground
mining operations, even in seismically active
rock mass failure is causing seismic events. A
support. While techniques and technology have
regions, take few precautions to mitigate the
seismic event can generally be described as the
changed beyond recognition, the theory
risk or monitor seismic activity. Although mine
vibration of rock, slipping or breaking,
remains the same: no ground support, no
operators could be forgiven for assuming that
something common in an underground mine
mining – or at least no mining without serious
earthquakes and similar natural events
setting, with constant drilling and blasting.
risk to your health.
represent a risk that is impossible to predict or
While most seismic events are minor, stress
Subsidence and sinkholes are the surface effects
guard against, options exist and are being
change events for example rarely register more
of solution mining. Apart from damage to
implemented in other industries.
than 0 – 0.5 in Richter magnitude, larger events, such as fault slips, can register as much as up to
economic production, such events are now of environmental concern. e control of cavity
Understanding mine seismicity
+5 and cause considerable damage to
evolution and its effect is thus a problem which
e key to a mining operation is to understand
operations.
requires serious examination.
the seismicity of rock mass, with the primary
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| May - Jun 2017
| FMDZ
Supplement By understanding rock mass behaviour, mining companies can begin to assess the size of any potential hazards. How it works Advanced microseismic sensors and tiltmeters are installed at strategic places around a mine to measure ground vibrations. î ˘ese are then picked up by a digital seismic data recorder that acquires and processes the data to build an accurate picture of seismicity through 3-D modelling techniques. Data is continuously transmitted to the surface and can be accessed through the internet in real-time from anywhere on the planet. It is not all about safety either, for if mine operators increase their knowledge of the rock mass, they can enhance productivity through reducing downtime and deploying their workforce away from areas that are experiencing heightened seismic activity. Mine
changing, mine design and sequencing can be
loom large. In a growth industry driven by
design is another area that bene ts from
optimised at an earlier stage in the life of a mine.
corporate giants where safety, problem solving
microseismic monitoring; through
If you were to cast an eye to the future however
and productivity are paramount, it ticks all the
understanding how ground conditions are
microseismic monitoring would be sure to
right boxes.
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Underground mining transport We consider innovations in underground
mines to adopt automated haulage and
e US' National Institute for Occupational
mining transport globally and how these
transport systems. BHP Billiton has also started
Safety and Health (NIOSH) has developed an
innovations can help keep mineworkers safe.
experimenting with driverless trucks and an
active proximity warning system, called the
automated remote operating centre for its iron
Hazardous Area Signalling and Ranging Device
e transportation of bulk and non-bulk
ore operations in the Pilbara region of
(HASARD). It warns workers by means of
materials in the mining industry is a complex
Australia. Vale has elected to make its Carajas
visual, audible and vibratory indicators that
task. Increasing customer demand for efficiency
Serra Sul S11D iron ore mine automated and
they are approaching dangerous areas around
requires that transportation becomes more
completely truckless. Rio Tinto has announced
heavy mining equipment. Equipment giant
accurate, exible, and faster than ever before.
that it will deploy the world's biggest
Caterpillar has also developed detection
And, not only are mining companies having to
underground automation system for block
technology called Cat Detect Personnel, which
overcome the challenges these demands bring,
caving operations at the Argyle underground
features as one of the ve sub-modules of its
but they are being forced to do so while keeping
diamond mine.
costs to a minimum.
integrated mining management suite, Cat MineStar. e technology involves radio
e bene ts of automation
Close encounters
frequency identi cation (RFID) tags to be worn
Collisions between pieces of machinery or
by workers, with the detectors mounted across
Mining companies around the world are either
between machinery and people are a common
the machines to warn operators via audio and
using or considering using automated mining
cause of accidents in both underground and
visual indications of possible collisions,
technologies. De Beers Finsch's diamond mine
op e n - pit m i n e s . Prox i m it y d e t e c t i on
speeding or rollovers.
in the Northern Cape, South Africa; Codelco's
technology can be installed on mobile
All these innovations are helping to make the
El Teniente copper mine in Chile; and Rio
machinery to detect the presence of workers or
mining industry and mineworkers safer.
Tinto's West Angelas mine in the Pilbara region,
machinery within a certain distance of the
Australia, are among the
machine, thus helping to prevent accidents.
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rst underground
| May - Jun 2017
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Supplement
Innovations down under
Automation for
Australia is one of the
underground and above
world's biggest
ground haul trucks
mining countries,
provides opportunities
and t he i r r ate of
for increased safety, as
innovation in mining
well as higher material
transport and
haulage rates per vehicle.
logistics has steadily
For logistics and
grown over the past
production in minerals
decade as companies
supply chains, the
address productivity,
development of ICT,
c o m p l e x i t y, a n d
automation and
c ap i t a l - e ffi c i e n c y
decision-support
challenges. is is
te ch n ol o g y i s b e i ng
according to a white
actively and rigorously progressed by various
paper written by Dr Simon Dunstall, a
Australian ports, for example, have at least one
research and commercial
senior research scientist at the Commonwealth
simulation model for generating insights into
organisations around the world. e continued
Scienti c and Industrial Research Organisation
future port expansions and operating
engagement of this R&D (especially in
(CSIRO).
procedure changes.
Australia where it is a particular focus area) by a
Similarly, the transport systems leading to these
drive ongoing and lasting productivity gains to
good cross-section of the mining industry, can
According to the white paper, in Australia and other countries, the research and development (R&D) response to these innovations has
ports have been intensively studied using
help keep mining industries around the world
ramped-up to suit – especially in sensing,
simulation to explore capacity questions in
competitive. It will also bolster the state of
automation, analytics, simulation, and
recent years. Simulation has an enormous
underground transport in other countries,
optimisation. Simulation models would be
bene t of enabling planners to observe a system
which in turn lowers the risk of injury and
familiar to many people involved in planning
before it is (expensively) built or modi ed –
fatalities underground.
mining developments and supply chains. Most
hence it is a widely used technique.
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Gas detection in mines Health and safety in mines have recently been in the spotlight for a number of reasons such as mine deaths (oen resulting in a mine shut down for a few days), sickness f rom mineworkers as a result of exposure to fumes and/or dust and fall of ground (FOG) among others.
Over recent years special focus has been placed on mine health and safety by the government and unions. It is this attention with regulations and laws that has caused the mining industry to pay as much attention to saving lives as it does on production. e heightened focus has led to the birth of revolutionary and innovative products that guarantee safety of those working underground as well as the free owing production of minerals. Today, there are sensor technologies designed to detect almost any gas to which we might be exposed. Some of these technologies include, but are not limited to, infrared and photoionization detection. Some companies now are even using the Internet to test your detector and ensure everything is working correctly. To understand just how far we've come in gas detection, you should know its history and
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| May - Jun 2017
evolution over time. e very rst methods of detecting gases might astound you as they did me. When gas detection was rst needed, there was no Internet or microprocessors — even the light bulb hadn't yet been invented.
With the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, fuel became very important. e fossil fuel used during the Industrial Revolution that still is vital to us even in the present day is coal. Coal had to be mined from the ground, and since mining was primitive, it required lots of manual labor. People working in these areas ranged from very young boys to much older men. e miners wore ame lights on their helmets so they could see in the tunnels, and used hand tools to drill the coal out of the linings of the tunnel. Several things make mining dangerous, chief among them the possible exposure to methane. is gas especially is dangerous because it cannot be seen or smelled, and appears naturally from the ground. When miners began to realize how dangerous methane was, they started exploring ways to detect it. Canaries in a coal mine
| FMDZ
e rst method involved using humans, as that seemed to be the only solution. Before the shi started, everyone was removed from the mine. A person would wear a wet blanket over his shoulders and head and carried a long wick with its end lit on re. is brave person entered the mine and began to move the ame of the wick along the walls of the mine. When the man would hit a small pocket of methane gas, it would ignite, but the miner remained fairly safe under the dampened blanket. Every once in a while, the intrepid miner would hit a huge pocket of this highly explosive gas, which would ignite the entire area around him. Before gas detection became such an integral part of worksite safety, the general feeling was that it was better to lose one man than to lose an entire group of workers. Furthermore, losing only one person meant that the work could continue. Once people realized the dangers of detecting methane in mines using this method, they began to look for other means. e next method of detection was to take a canary into the mine. Canaries were used because they have an extremely loud chirp. Additionally, the canary has the closest resemblance to the part of our nervous system that controls breathing.
Supplement
e miners would go to the area where their canaries were housed and look for the canary that appeared to be not doing well. e miner would then carry the bird in its cage into the mine. It was said that when a canary was about to die, it would start to shake the cage. If the canary did this, the miners knew to exit the mine. If the canary wasn't making any noise, they knew to make an even more urgent exit as something had caused the canary to die. e next type of gas detection used was the ame light. One bene t of using a ame light, of course, was that it provided light, which enabled the miners to see in the mine. e ame was encapsulated in a ame-arrestor shell so that there was no way the ame could ignite the outside atmosphere. On the outside of the ame light was a glass piece that had three incisions running horizontally along the glass. Whenever a miner was using the ame light, he always started the ame in the middle line while in a fresh air environment. If the miners noticed that the ame was lowering down to the bottom line, they knew they were in an oxygen-de cient environment. e ame would drop to the bottom line because re loves oxygen and if oxygen was scarce, the ame would start to extinguish itself. If miners noticed the ame rising to the top line, they knew the atmosphere either was
beginning to have methane current or an oxygen-enriched environment. To this day, the ame light still is used to ensure an environment is a safe place to work. Some people have even learned what types of gas are present when the ame ickers different colors. However, the ame light still poses a threat to miners. If the light accidentally is dropped, and the glass breaks while the ame is lit, the ame can ignite the atmosphere if methane is present. Modern gas detection Soon aer gas detection became a part of the mining industry, other industries followed suit. Some applications included wastewater treatment plants, oil re neries, chemical processes, bleaching of metals and refrigeration. Since not all of these industries could use a detection method such as the ame light to measure the gases that were present in their speci c atmospheres, the gas monitor was introduced. e rst gas monitor was a device with a valve that analytically showed how much methane was present in the atmosphere. e methane was detected through a sensor called the catalytic diffusion sensor. is sensor would burn the gas inside it, but never allowed the burning process to occur outside of the sensor.
FMDZ |
In this way, the instrument was able to accurately give a reading of how much gas was present. e problem with this type of meter was that each time you wanted to see how much methane was present, you had to manually press a button on the monitor. Today, gas detectors have batteries, which enable the instrument to run for long periods of time without having to be turned off. Also, modern-day monitors not only measure oxygen and methane, but can measure several gases simultaneously. As you can see, at one time, the death of a man was seen as a necessity to prevent the death of an entire team working in an area. We can be pleased that any death in the workplace today is considered unacceptable. Among the many technologies that now exist to prevent workplace injuries and deaths are sophisticated gas detectors. As these technologies continue to evolve over time, we can be hopeful that death in workplace will not exist by the end of this century. It is important for people to know how to use gas detectors, and it is critical that each person working in potentially hazardous e nv i ron m e nt s u n d e r s t an d s ju s t h ow important gas detection is. By spreading this knowledge, I hope to contribute to ending death in the workplace.
May - Jun 2017
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Water Sustainability: How secure is mining? With increased concern surrounding the
across southern Africa have stepped up and
A binding position statement was undertaken
planet's environmental state and especially
increased efforts for water conservation to
by 23 of the world's largest mining companies
global warming, an emphasis is being placed
insure sustainable use. In depth studies of water
and members of the International Council on
on sustainability. No more so than the topic of
re-use, passive treatments, sustainable well eld
Mining and Metals (ICMM). e statement
Water Sustainability. Recent droughts in South
development and mitigation of pollution
binds the members to apply strong and
Africa has led to a major depletion of surface
sources have increased.
water resources with rainfall being at one of its
transparent water governance including robust public reporting; manage water at operations
lowest volumes since the start of rainfall
Water scarcity is an unparalleled challenge
effectively ; and collaborate to achieve
records in 1904.
especially to the mining industry of southern
responsible and sustainable water use. Water
Africa. Most of the region is semi-arid to arid
sustainability in the mining sector directly
Nationwide dam levels have dropped well below
with low rainfall. Mining oen has a negative
speaks to the effective management of the water
the 50% mark with the major water supply
impact on water resources and the
footprint. e water footprint or the total
resources such as the Gariep Dam and Vaal
sustainability of these natural resources.
volume of freshwater that is used to produce the
Dam going well below this mark. e Vaal dam
Recently various mining companies have
goods and services consumed by the individual,
only increased to levels above 50% in January
joined drives and organisation to report and
community or produced by the business
2017 with the Gariep dam reported (DWA,
decrease their footprint and impact on the
(“Sustainable Water: e concept of Water
2017) to be still below the half way mark in mid-
environment. An example of this is the Carbon
Footprint,” 2016) is a concept that needs to be
January. e mining sector in South Africa uses
Disclosure Project (CDP) that is a global
understood and used more widely if the
approximately 2.5% of the national water supply
disclosure project that encourages companies,
sustainable water use in mining is to be
and uses this water to directly contribute 8.8%
cities, states and regions to measure and
achieved.
of the country's GDP (Scott, 2014). e mining
manage their environmental impacts through
industry relies on water for all processes and
this reporting system. Recently an
According to UN reports industrial water use,
water security has become an even greater
announcement was made in which leaders in
including mining is the second largest water
challenge in the last year. However, with the
the mining industry committed to a new water
consumer globally. Although mines should step
increased water shortage mining industries
stewardship.
up their role on the sustainability and security
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| May - Jun 2017
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Supplement
The Gariep Dam
·
Site wide water and salt balances;
·
Improvements in liners system applied to waste facilities;
·
Passive and active treatments like arti cial wetlands and dedicated treatment plants;
·
Better and more efficient dust suppression systems using less water;
·
Processing methodologies using little to no water; and
·
Re-use and treatment of water.
of water resources and the supply thereof it
mine in Africa where Digby Wells was involved
should be understood that the use of water by
in achieving improved water sustainability
With scientists not predicting a pleasant future
mines is essential in the process to provide
through the use of a water balance that
with regards to rainfall and temperatures it is
materials to the consumer. Water is used
incorporated site-wide climatic conditions,
clear that all sectors of society needs to work
throughout the bene ciation process and in
process plant water circuits and other sinks
toward more sustainable and environmentally
recent years the sustainable use of water by
within the mine.
friendly use of our water resources. e mining
mines has evolved. New processing methods
However, even more emphasis should be
industry, especially in southern Africa, can lead
and water management tools have decreased
applied on improvement and sustainable water
the way with new methodologies and processes
the amount of fresh water (such as rainwater,
use in the mining industry. is can be and has
applied to the management of both clean and
groundwater rivers and dams) used by mines
been achieved in the past through:
and the mitigation of any potential impacts have improved. A good case study would be a gold
·
dirty water. is will show the way towards a
Good storm water and dirty water
sustainable water management for all industries
management;
across the globe.
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