o
Window Frame o Aluminium over steel -> lighter, won’t rust as quickly o Extruded aluminium o Designed water proof system o
o o o o
Flat in-situ concrete beam with lots of reinforcement Goes against principles Not cheap E.g. multi-residential buildings -> more floors within the same height
o
o o o o
Primary members= carry secondary and tertiary members -> tend to be hot rolled and approximately 6-10mm thick Primary members tend to span shorter distances Secondary members= over the top => quicker and easier to have spanning perpendicular to primary Secondary-> cold formed, approximately 1-3mm thick Secondary= lighter, not doing as much work I beam – structural member Parallel Flange Channel
o o
Rectangular Hollow Section
o o
Circular Hollow Section
o o
o
o
Hot rolled = in semi molten state put through rollers
o
Cold formed= have lip due to having to have something to clip onto when shaping
o o
o
o o
o o o o
Information found in the title block on the floor plan include: consultants, key plan, client, project, description and date, drawing title, drawing number Required to provide vital information to whomever reads the floor plan, keeps accountable
Floor levels: plan states what level the plan is
– o
Information included: height, materials, some surroundings, shows sizes of windows and doors
o
Types of levels: FCL= Spot level – Finished ceiling level (m) above datum, RL= Spot level – reduced level (m) above datum, FFL = finished floor level (m) above datum
Information included: scale, rooms, materials, dimensions, materials, legend, legend abbreviations Dimensions used: (scale = 1:100)
Grid used: numbers= north-south whereas letters= east-west Purpose of the legend: to be able to convey written information in a simpler form such as symbols Changes on the drawing -> areas of drawing which are clouded Annotations= provide extra information
o
References to other drawings
o
Windows and doors in a floor plan
o
–
Windows and doors in elevations o o o
o o
Information included: shows inside of building, shows below ground, position of beams and columns, floor to ceiling heights, room names Difference between section and elevation – able to see inside elements
o
Different materials shown through different types of shading
Things detailed: joints, connections, how things are to be constructed e.g. structural framework, concrete, brickwork Different materials shown through different types of shading again Details are at much larger scale
Slabs of various thickness, approx. thickness= span of slab/30
Various types, can be one-way or twoway spans
Concrete
Various forms, come utilising heavy gauge structural steel members, others using light gauge
Floor Systems
Many instances -> combination of member types and materials combined
Steel Sometimse combine with concrete slab systems
Common in Australia, system uses combination of bearers (primary beams) and joists (secondary)
Timber
Span of bearers => spacing of piers or stumps and spacing of bearers = span of joists
Typically floorboards span 450mm or 600mm
Span: Distance measured between two structural supports. Can be measured between vertical supports or between horizontal members. Spacing: Repeating distance between a series of like or similar elements. Often associated with supporting elements. Generally measured centre line to centre line. Spacing of supporting elements depends on spanning capabilities of the supported elements.
Concrete
Precast Concrete
Fabricated in controlled environment then transported to site for installation Standardised outcome -> higher quality, whatever climate, quality control Site progress= much faster Uses: structure of a building, part of primary structure or self-supporting panel type elements Construction joints: where one precast element meets another Structural joints: type and performance connections joining precast elements to each other and other parts of structure Must consider transportation
In Situ Concrete
Process: frabrication and assembly of formwork, placing required reinforcement, pouring, vibration and curing of concrete Once poured-> limited time until concrete hardens and unworkable Labour intensive process
Uses: Structural purposes, used for footings, retaining walls
Shotcrete used for landscapes, swimming pools, basement walls between piers or overhead surfaces
Construction joints: divide into smaller and more manageable sections of work Control joints: Absorb expansions and contractions Mix: 1 part cement: 2 parts fine aggregates: 4 parts coarse aggregate: 0.4-0.5 part water
General
Cement: portland, lime Fine aggregates=sand, corse aggregates= crushed rock Cement powder + water -> chemical reaction => heat released = hydration Process: concrete = fluid and shapeless before hardens, formwork = temporary moulds of support, curing process-> formwork needs to be supported Very strong in compression but weak in tension Issues: Is permeable, if steel bars too close to surface = not protected from moisture and oxidisation, poor vibration-> can compromise structural performance
Generally reaches 75% of compressive strength in approx. 7 days Once hardened and strong enough-> formwork removed or stay in place foreever (sacrificial form work) Improve structural permformance -> steel reinforcement
Joist: Length of timber or steel used horizontally as a support for a ceiling or floor, arranged in a parallel series
Girder: large principal beam of steel, iron, reinforced concrete, wood, or combination of these used to support other structural members at isolated points along its length
Steel decking: Corrugated steel to increase stiffness and spanning capability
Concrete plank: Hollow-core or solid, flat beam used for roof or floor decking, precast and prestressed
Bearer: Horizontal member which supports load
Spacing: repeating distance between a series of like or similar elements
Bethlehem Construction. (2014). Hollowcore planks. Retrieved from http://www.bethlehemconstruction.com/nw/concrete/hollowcore/ Ching, F. D. K. (2008). Building Construction Illustrated. (4th ed.). Hoboken: Wiley. Dictionary of Construction. (2014). Definitions. Retrieved from http://www.dictionaryofconstruction.com/ Law Resource. (2014). Residential timber-framed construction. Retrieved from https://law.resource.org/pub/au/ibr/as.1684.3.2010.html Porter, K. (2014). Precast concrete. Retrieved from http://www.nexus.globalquakemodel.org/gem-buildingtaxonomy/overview/glossary/precast-concrete--pc The Free Dictionary. (2014). Girdle cornice. Retrieved from http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/girdle cornice TunnelTalk. (2011). Fast-curing compound for casting efficiencies. Retrieved from http://www.tunneltalk.com/New-Products-Feb11-BASF-Crystal-SpeedHardening.php