Week 3
Studio Activity Campus Lab 1 – guided tour o One of the first buildings we came across our guided tour was situated near the Sidney Myer Asia Centre and Doug McDonell Building o The structure is a steel frame structure o Materials used on structure are mainly steel, zinc (pre-weathered), hardwood, timber and concrete o Zinc for cladding, protective coating for base metal -> self annealing o The flooring of structure is timber o Bolted connections, as to not to have to weld in situ o Welded steel beams o Discolouration of concrete o Timber beams also used support
Footings and Foundations From Tutorial Masonry
Cantilever o o
Anchored only at one point Eg. Trees, canopies, diving boards and plane wings
Foundations o
o
Agricultural drain Drain excess water Takes away some of the hyrdrostatic pressure Efflorescence Salt in ground eg. white salt on wall
Architecture Building o
o o o
Materials included reinforced concrete, glass, white cement (some panels polished In situ concrete columns within building Structural steel Zinc screens and frames
Sports Centre o o o
Mass brick construction Bricks have different dimensions -> metric bricks compared to traditional brick buildings Unusual material in buildings, did not last long
Redmond Barry Building o o o
o
Mass construction building Made up of bricks Various colours of the bricks could suggest that the bricks are pressed No obvious signs of weep holes which could mean that it is not brick cavity construction
Sports Pavilion o Hybrid of structures and includes a cantilever o Timber, steel and concrete used in structure o Timber used for aesthetics and warmth o Steel used for spans and cantilevers o In-situ concrete present, blow holes presents suggesting not properly vibrated o Vinyl sheeting for non-slip on floor o Ponding -> where mud is collecting o Most roof slabs tend to be in-situ
o o o
Back walls are concrete blocks and acoustic treatment to reduce noise Another issue is the staining of the concrete from the timber Unable to be removed
Beaurepaire Centre o o o
Mass construction using bricks and steel Uses steel portal frames instead of braces, trusses etc. Efficiency of materials observed in structure
North Court
Uniting Church Centre for Theology and Ministry o o o o
Pre-cast concrete, trench mesh and glass blocks Glass blocks used for noise Air pockets are good for insulation, noise and heat Need to reduce noise from road for prayer rooms etc.
o The larger sheet like material is being pulled on leaving the cable members on the ground in tension o Creates an umbrella-like structure o Cables also appear to be anchoring the structure to one central area o As these elements are in tension they can be thought of as ties instead of struts
Cables being pulled = tension
Union house o o
Cast iron frame stair structure Beams and cables also present, but do not appear to be carrying much load
Joining of the two parts to form one column
White salt forming on columns
South Lawn Underground Carpark o
o o o
Concrete columns underground to support roof as well as providing guidelines for parking sports Unusual shape for columns, spanning outwards on top Two connected pieces for one column Efflorescence occurring on some columns
Foundations and Footings o o o o o
o
o
o
In order to support substructure Function = safely transfer all loads acting on building structure to the ground Load on super structure should not exceed bearing capacity of soil Settlement: over time sink into earth Footings and foundations => settlement occurs evenly and bearing capacity of soil not exceeded Differential settlement= settlement uneven which leads to cracks in buildings Shallow footings: soil conditions stable, required soil bearing close to surface of ground, load transferred vertically from foundation to ground Eg. Pad footings
o
o
Deep foundations: load transferred from foundations through unsuitable soil down to levels where bed rock, stiff clay, dense sand/gravel located (geotechnical engineers test soil conditions) Eg. End bearing piles or friction piles
Structural Concepts Centre of mass/gravity
o point about which an object is balanced o point where entire weight concentrated Equilibrium o state of balance or rest resulting from the equal action of opposing forces o
Strip footings
o
Raft foundations (raft slab) -> increased stability, joining the individual strips together as a single mat
o
Glossary Moment: The tendency of a force to produce a rotation of a body about a point or line. Acting in a clockwise or anti-clockwise direction. A moment can be described as the product of force multiplied by the moment arm.
Slab on Ground: Poured directly into excavated trenches in the ground (concrete). Rely on the existing ground for support. Form of foundation.
Retaining Wall: Structures that are constructed to support almost vertical or vertical slopes of earth masses. Substructure: Lower portion of the structure and is usually located below the ground level. Transmits the loads of the superstructure to the supporting soil. Pad Footing: Isolated footings. Help to spread a point load over a wider area of ground.
Strip Footing: When loads form a wall or a series of columns, is spread in a linear matter.
References Build Right. (2014). Ground slabs - Introduction. Retrieve from https://www.dlsweb.rmit.edu.au/toolbox/buildright/content/bcgbc4010a/ 04_struct_members/06_concrete_slabs/
Builder's Engineer. (204). Components of a building: Sub-structure and super-structure. Retrieved from http://www.abuildersengineer.com/2012/10/components-of-building-substructure.html
Hardscape Construction. (2007). Retaining Wall Contractors. Retrieved from http://hardscapeco.com/capabilities.html Idaho Transportation Department. (2011). Retaining Walls. Retrieved from http://itd.idaho.gov/enviro/stormwater/BMP/PDF%20Files%20for%20B MP/Chapter%205/PC-17%20%20Retaining%20Walls.pdf