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Window – Double Glazing
Double glazing o If vacuum sealed = acoustically best o Thicker the glass -> better the performance o Low e = low emissivity
Steel Angle fixed to Base Angle
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Structural Silicone
No lintel -> no load bearing Lintel-> structural member Inertia -> measure of efficiency of shape of an object in terms of structure Concrete Slab
Steel Angle along Slab Edge
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Web-> thick enough to carry load Width of flange-> wide enough to resist rotational movement
Allocated Section (from drawings):
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Concrete Slab: Regular concrete which is in situ Double Glazed Window: Ability to insulate and keep heat due to space in between two pieces of glass, Structural Silicone: A soft material is required between the glass and steel so that the glass is not damaged Steel Angle along Slab Edge: 90째 steel angle attached to concrete slab, 5mm thick. Steel Angle fixed to Base Angle: Allows the glass to be removed later on if needed and also allows for the glass to be put in place. Steel on other side of double glazing is fixed permanently.
Location:
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The section I was allocated is located in the south end of the function room on the west Relatively easily to locate as section included double glazed windows therefore I simply had to locate this element in the area However, was a tad unsure of whether or not I had found the correct spot as some minor differences when inspecting at site
Concrete slab
Steel angle and structural silicone
Double glazed windows
Function room
Concrete slab
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Doors can be part of the theatre of entering and leaving building
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Aluminium: common in commercial buildings or office buildings, tend not to design own framing material, work from manufacturers list or range Steel frames: often used in combination with other doors, great for impact protection o
Aluminium windows: commonly used in commercial buildings Steel: Finer and flatter than aluminium, more expensive than timber and aluminium, frames welded together Curtain Walls: hybrid system, windows but also walling system Have to ensure loads are carried around the window opening not through the windows Components: o Formers: basic ingredient to produce glass -> any chemical compound that can be melted and cooled into a glass (silica) o Fluxes: help formers melt at lower and more practical temperatures (soda ash/ potash/ lithium carbonate) o Stabilisers: combine with formers and fluxes to keep finished glass from dissolving or crumbling (limestone/alumina/ magnesia) Types: o Flat Glass: typically sheets of clear or tinted float, tempered, wired etc.) o Shaped glass: (curved, blocks, channels, tubes, fibres)
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Production Float Glass: most common o Materials weighed and mixed -> mix melted in furnace, molten glass floated on top of bath of molten tin and starts to cool slowly -> glass slowly cooled in lehr to prevent build up stress -> glass automatically inspected to detect flaws -> glass automatically cut to size Float Glass Types: o Clear float glass (annealed glass): simplest and cheapest o No further treatment beyond fabrication o Low risk/low cost/ small size glazing scenarios o Breaks into very sharp and dangerous shards o Laminated glass: touch plastic interlayer (PVB)bonded between two glass panes o Improves security and safety of product o Sharp fragments adhere to plastic o Tempered glass (toughened glass) -> heating annealed glass to approx. 650 => begins to soften o Surface then cooled rapidly=> high compression in outer surfaces of glass o Bending strength increased by factor of 4-5 o Shatters into small pellet shaped pieces o Highly exposed situations or when sizes required are particularly large Other types and products: Tinted glass Wired glass Patterned glass Curved glass Photovoltaic glass Glass channels Slumped and formed glass Glass fibres
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Double and Triple Glazing
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Double glazing -> way of keeping room warmer in winter, insulate Better at reducing ambient heat loss Reduce amount of radiated heat in summer -> low-emissivity glazing, absorbs radiant energy
Stress: Intensity of internal force (force per unit area) exerted Window Sash: Fixed or movable framework of a window in which panes are set.
Shear Force: The algebraic sum of the loads to the left or right of a point
Deflection: Perpendicular distance a member deviates from a true course under transverse load -> Increasing with load and span, decreasing with increase in moment of inertia of the section or the modulus of elasticity of material.
Ching, F. D. K. (2008). Building Construction Illustrated. (4th ed.). Hoboken: Wiley. Moment of Inertia: Sum of the products of each element of an area & the square of its distance from a coplanar axis of rotation. Geometric property that indicates how cross-sectional area of a structural member is distributed. Door Furniture: The handles, lock and other fixtures on a door.
Dictionary of Construction. (2014). Definitions. Retrieved from http://www.dictionaryofconstruction.com/ Home Energy. (1997). Energy-efficient window retrofits. Retrieved from http://www.homeenergy.org/show/article/id/1275 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2003).Understanding Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams. Retrieved from http://web.mit.edu/course/3/3.11/www/pset03/Rec5.pdf Wallender, L. (2014). What is a window sash?. Retrieved from http://homerenovations.about.com/od/glossary/g/gloswindowsash.htm