Ecological Disaster

Francis Xavier

Head, CBF & Research Station

Kerala Agricultural University fx@jananeethi.org 9447131598

from the small hamlet in Thrissur district

•The marshes and paddy lands are filled for new constructions. •The abode of visiting/migratory birds perished

* Water conservation areas are being converted.

Micro-ecosystems play an important role in sustainable biological existence.

Story of a stylish Invasion!

the y b t id o u a l s n orm o n i t d a n em” c t i a s f i s y t e S er C elin lity d a 1 i u 0 u g Q 0 a ll y’ s n o t a ISO 14 p s e Com her d a l a o d C an cao y l C d e n ell as Th e i r f o ies as w c e s i orit lant h p t r u a u “O local

Yehi he right choice baby!!!!!!!

•The only major industrial unit in Chittur Taluk Palakkad • Plant was commissioned in March 2000 - Investment Rs 560 million (project) Rs 800 million (till 2003) • Came in at the specific request from the then LDF Government • Company was promised all infrastructure facilities • Land ,Power, Water

• Again re-invited at Global Investors Meet and again assured of all infrastructure support • Company also promised additional investment of Rs 200 million •More than 5000 families in Kerala are dependent on plant operations *Information courtsey:Coca cola PRO

Our plant is eco-friendly and adheres to all guidelines and norms laid out by the local authorities as well as The Coca-Cola Company’s Quality System ISO 14001 Certification

Information courtsey:Coca cola PRO

• Area of Land –

34.64 acres

• Built-up area – 37103 sq. metres • Brands produced - Coca-Cola, Fanta, Sprite, Limca, Thums Up, Kinley Soda, Maaza

*Information courtsey:Coca cola PRO

Caring for the Environment Environment Due Diligence done by a professional Environment Audit Organization (pre-start up) Satellite Imagery Map survey conducted by M/s. DG Integrated Services Ltd before setting up the plant to identify water management structures. (prestart up) Environment Management System Implementation report conducted by M/s. Vimta Labs in 1999-2000 (post-commencement of Production)

06 06 2002

10 08 2002

Before commencing operations………

Conducted a satellite Imagery Study to confirm existence of aquifer at 4080 m and water table between 2.8 – 6.0 m

After commencing operations…….

Harvested Rainwater

Meeting 50% of our requirement

The result Water level behaviour within normal range

June 2002

Nov 2003

Dr. P.R.G.Mathur, Former Director, Kerala Institute for Research, Training and Development Studies of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, conducted a detailed study on “Ecology & Environment ” in Perumatty & Pattencherry Panchayats.

Findings: 200 open wells and 137 bore wells owned by farmers in the area Total connected horsepower of the pumps in these wells – 1189 HP

Caring for the Environment BBC had taken samples of bio-solids & samples of well water - 2 samples of bio-solids did not contain higher concentration of heavy metals - 1 sample had higher concentration of heavy metals Neither sample of well water showed high levels of toxic metals Extract :PCB under govt Press Release dated 29.09.2003

of Kerala

“The concentration of cadmium and other heavy metals in the sludge were found to be below the limit prescribed under the Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 1989 as amended in 2003 and hence the solid waste generated from the Company will not come under the purview of hazardous waste�

Caring for the Environment We are storing hazardous waste in a secured place within the factory premises.

We have also applied for authorization under Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules. Measures to remove slurry alleged with cadmium and other heavy metals will be taken up�

MD, Coca Cola

Kerala state health director says!!!!!!!!!

Dr Raja Ganapathy and Dr Francis Xavier ,Kerala Agricultural University 2007 Table 1. Mean heavy metal content in water Plachimada ( in ppm) Heavy metals Mean ± SE Permitted -WHO Health hazard polluted area ppm 1) Copper 2.0 0.24 ± 0.065NS 2)

Cadmium

0.063 ± 0.002**

0.003

3)

Lead

0.17 ± 0.005*

0.01

4)

Arsenic

0.020 ± 0.004NS

0.01

* Significant (P<0.05) at 5% level ** Significant (P<0.01) at 1% level NS–Not

significant

cancer as well as noncancer effects-genotoxic non-cancer effects, the kidney is the critical organ Affects nervous system, slowing down nerval response

Dr Raja Ganapathy and Dr Francis Xavier ,Kerala Agricultural University2008

Table 2. Mean heavy metal content in soil Plachimada (in ppm)

Heavy metals

WHO permitted level

1)

Copper

0.86 ± 0.061**

2.0

2)

Cadmium

1.39 ± 0.052**

0.05

3)

Lead

1.87 ± 0.23**

0.01

4)

Arsenic

0.021 ± 0.003NS

0.01

* Significant (P<0.05) at 5% level ** Significant (P<0.01) at 1% level NS–Not

Mean ± SE polluted area ppm

significant

Dr Raja Ganapathy and Dr Francis Xavier ,Kerala Agricultural University2008 Table 3. Mean heavy metal content in Heavy metals

milk from Plachimada(in ppm)

1)

Copper

Mean ± SE polluted area ppm 0.58 ± 0.06**

2)

Cadmium

1.33 ± 0.07**

0.01

3)

Lead

1.32 ± 0.13**

0.02

4)

Arsenic

0.02 ± 0.003*

0.05

* Significant (P<0.05) at 5% level ** Significant (P<0.01) at 1% level

WHO PERMITTED 0.05

Dr Raja Ganapathy and Dr Francis Xavier ,Kerala Agricultural University2008

Table 4. Mean heavy metal content in Meat from Palchimada (in ppm) Heavy metals

Mean ± SE polluted area ppm WHO PERMITTED

1)

Copper

0.07 ± 0.005**

0.05

2)

Cadmium

0.09 ± 0.007**

0.05

3)

Lead

0.05 ± 0.006**

0.01

4)

Arsenic

0.03 ± 0.01

0.05

** Significant (P<0.01) at 1% level

Dr Raja Ganapathy and Dr Francis Xavier ,Kerala Agricultural University2008

Table 5. Mean heavy metal content in egg -Plachimada Heavy metals

Mean ± SE polluted area ppm

WHO PERMITTED

1)

Copper

0.070 ± 0.011**

0.05,

2)

Cadmium

0.12 ± 0.005**

0.05,

3)

Lead

0.037 ± 0.005**

0.01

4)

Arsenic

0.01 ± 0.004

0.01

** Significant (P<0.01) at 1% level

VAGAMON

e h T

h t a p

e d to

! t n e m p o l ve

Path to development starts here

New constructions ..The index of so called development

Outcome Though delayed!

Biodiversity Biodiversity Hot Hot spots spots India, one of the12 Mega diversity countries in the world 8 % of the Worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Biodiversity 172 species of animals (IUCN,2006), 2.9% of the world's total number of threatened species.

Indian faunal biodiversity always revered as a base source for the agro-biodiversity