04 insight april 11

April 2011 Edition

VOLUME 1 ISSUE 4

INSIGHT NEWSLETTER

INSIGHT YOUR WINDOW TO KNOWING A LITTLE ABOUT EVERYTHING IN THIS ISSUE:

How to be a better defen5 sive driver The seven wonders of water

12

Distorted Incentive: Barrier to National Development

18

Many more

Editorial Board Many More

Publisher: Osita Chidoka Corps Marshal/Chief Executive Editor窶的n-

Chief:

OC Oladele (DCC)

Editor: KD Alegieuno (ARC)

THE WORLD'S LONGEST ARTICULATED BUS LAUNCHED IN

Members:

BRAZIL ON 5 APRIL 2011

VO Ogunnupebi

(ACC)

AR Obagbemiro

(SRC)

ODO O EMMANUEL IS

CB Nwokolo

(ARC)

THE WINNER OF IN-

DO Enakireru

(ARC)

SIGHT 1ST QUIZ COM-

0I IKOKU

(ARC)

PETITION. CONGRATULATIONS!

Brazil in 2009 loaned & 19 billion USD to the IMF to bail out some countries that

EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW WITH

were experiencing economic recession.

JENNIFER DUNG (PRM); STAFF OF-

Brazil eleven years earlier had borrowed

FICER, DASHBOARD, OPERATIONS

$42billion USD from IMF

DEPARTMENT, RSHQ ABUJA

Page 2

INSIGHT NEWSLETTER

FROM THE EDITOR-INCHIEF

ter now. Moreover I still have another opportunity to study law. My faith is emboldened with the courage demonstrated by my bosom friend, the PIO, who after a masterâ€&#x;s degree

FRSC merger with the Po-

dove never relapses into

lice, I was opportune to at-

seeking for another op-

tend the Junior Command

portunity?

Course ( JCC 38/2002) at

never regrets its actions. The human mind, as rationale as it is, often take regrettable decisions, but sometimes are, after choosing a wrong action, fortunate to have a second chance in making amends. Personally, I have three regrets in life.

First,

my

to

read law. Not that I am indolent,

I

Police Staff College in Jos. At the end of the programme

I

became

con-

vinced that I may have been a successful police officer had I, abinitio, joined the Police. Upon graduation at the Police Staff College, I was humbled to emerge as winner of the Inspector General of Police prize as the best graduating participant in a class comprising 55 police and 5 road

inability was

only

stereotyped to believe then that all lawyers are liars. I think I know bet-

tion of Nigerians in eradicating

sation. Our nation too, has a rare

the

man beings, the dove

chance of meeting the expecta-

barrister.

why,

truth is that, unlike hu-

use it? The Corps has a second

forms it into a world class organi-

man. However, during the

simple

second chance, how well do you

still study and today is a

Have you ever wondered

The

The lesson here is, when given a

road carnages as well as trans-

ability to become a police conduct,

Newsletter, Insight.

and busy schedule, could

My second regret is my in-

in

opportunity to edit your darling

safety officers.

My third regret is my inability to read mass communication. Today, despite not being a journalist I however have a second op-

opportunity of a second chance, as we are on the dawn of a great march to economic transformation. What Brazil is today was done only within the last 25 years. The expose by the Corps Marshal in his brilliant lecture to students of University of Ibadan is a compulsory read.

The largest bus in the world is found in Brazil, who 30 years ago was worse off economically than Nigeria. We share the story for you to know that if we wish it, we can achieve it.

One of the tools the FRSC rely on is the Dashboard. Are you surprised that as strategic as the dashboard

is,

it

is

prepared

weekly by a female road marshal.

You will need to know why we featured her as we continue the series on staff that have shown rare exemplary conduct worthy of emulation. If you know anyone in the Corps, including Special

Page 3

INSIGHT NEWSLETTER

Marshals or member of the with

Road

DID YOU KNOW THAT?

Safety Club

such

exemplary

deeds, let us know to celebrate the individual.

If you want to know the seven wonders of water, the April edition is a must read for you.

Also in this edition, we are starting a series on the plight of the physically challenged, aged, children and other pedestrians in Nigerian cities The other regular fea-

Ghana is the largest supplier of cocoa beans worldwide but Ghanaians are not fond of drinking coffee

About 90% of malaria worldwide occur in Africa and 3,000 African children die daily from effect of malaria

tures can be found in this edition as you once again join us to read along.

Namibia‟s Namib desert is the believed to be the world‟s biggest desert

CONGRATULATIONS! ODOH O EMMANUAL FOR BEING THE FIRST WINNER OF INSIGHT

Dragons breath lake in Namibia is the world‟s largest underground lake

QUIZ COMPETITION. PLEASE EMAIL THE EDITOR YOUR DETAILS INCLUDING YOUR MOBILE PHONE NUMBER

December 25, 2010 marked the twentieth anniversary of the World Wide Web (WWW)

SO THAT YOU CAN CLAIM YOUR PRIZE. CONGRATULATIONS ONCE MORE!

Botswana is the largest producer of diamond in the world (by value)

INSIGHT NEWSLETTER

Page 4

THE WORLD'S LONGEST ARTICULATED BUS LAUNCHED IN BRAZIL

DO E NAKIRERU AR C

Brazil has added another feather to its cap. Apart from being the most powerful football nation, it is now being seen as a country that has the longest articulated bus in the world. It was presented to the press before going into service on the city's public transporta-

The bus, made in Brazil

by Volvo has a capacity of 250 passengers

tion grid, in Curitiba April 5, 2011.

The bus, made in Brazil by Volvo has a capacity of 250 passengers, which is less than the 300 passenger capacity bus made by china in 2007. However, the bus is longer than that of china which is 25metres long. The Brazilian bus is 28 meters (92 ft) long, 2.6 meters (8.5 ft) wide, and is powered with biodiesel made from soybeans.

THE EXTERIOR VIEW OF THE BRAZILIAN BUS

AN INTERIOR VIEW OF THE BRAZILIAN BUS

Page 5 HOW TO BE A BETTER DEFENSIVE DRIVER There are a lot of irresponsible drivers on the road. In other words, being a good driver and cautious driver, does not assure you that you won't be involved in road traffic crashes. You need to do more than just follow the rules of the road and travel at safe speeds. You need to remain alert and drive defensively.

Here rules on how to drive defensively:

1.Focus only on driving. When you're at the wheel, driving defensively is your only job. Don't try to use a cell phone or put on makeup while you're driving.

If these things are really important, pull over and get them done before getting back on the road.

2.Assume other drivers will make

I O IKOKU (ARC)

mistakes. A good defensive driver is prepared for other cars to run stop signs, run red lights and fail to yield.

3 .Follow all rules and don't speed. By keeping your speed down and playing by the rules of the road will make you a better defensive driver. It will also keep you and those around you a lot safer.

4.Keep sunglasses in your car at all times.

Unexpected glare from the windshield can make driving difficult. Use the sunglasses whenever this happens.

5.Follow other cars at a safe distance.

If they suddenly crash, you need to be able to stop your vehicle before running into them. Good

follow cars at a pace of 3 seconds or more.

6.Be prepared for the car that comes out of nowhere.

Maybe it's in your blind spot, or maybe it's just around a sharp curve. A defensive driver who prepares for this unexpected car is less likely to get into a crash.

7.Keep your vehicle well maintained. Defensive driving

doesn't stop when you park. Make sure that your turn signals, brake lights and horn are working, as this is how you communicate with other cars when you're on the road.

Check your tires and perform all other maintenance.

Goodluck

Page 6 AFRICAN TIME IS KILLING US II

INSIGHT NEWSLETTER Joy Iregbeyen (NYSC Member) CPEO

time runs out and

the „dreams and wishes‟

deadlines approach.The

of perfection or

result is that people

achievement in contrast

find that they now have

to a realistic

too much to do in too

appreciation of

little time.

obligation and

Procrastination from People who keep to African the Latin word procrastinatus, a past Time usually feel participle of overwhelmed with pressure, are uncertain about goals and are unrealistic about time.

Sometimes there is a feeling of lack of ability or focus to successfully complete a task, they tell themselves that they need to unwind and relax, it is better to take it easy for

„‟we shall cross the bridge when we get there‟‟.They have grandiose plans that are unrealistic.The temporal and often ineffective „relaxing‟ leads to even more stress as

on often leads to; a.Stress b.Reduction in

procrastinare,is derived Attentional Capacity from Pro-(forward) and especially of road

Crastinus-(of tomorrow) users. c.A sense of guilt and [Oxford English Dictionary,first entry 1548].It is the counterproductive deferment of actions or tasks to a later time.It is usually both delaying

the afternoon, for example and needless.It may be the result of anxiety, and start afresh in the morning.Hence the cliche,

potentials.Procrastinati

low sense of self-worth and a self-defeating mentality.It has also been associated with a lower than normal level of conscientousness, an over-estimation of abilities, more based on

crisis.

d.Severe loss of personal productivity and social disapproval for not meeting responsibilities/ committments. e. Hasty hurtlings indicted in most cases of Road Traffic Crashes (RTC). f.Psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

VOLUME 1 ISSUE 4

Page 7

AFRICAN TIME IS KILLING US II As Nigeria is in the process of rebranding, it is imperative that we revisit those aspects of our culture that have often constituted a clog in the wheels of our progress.African Time is killing Africa.As succintly put by one Ghanian writer, „‟one of the main reasons for the continued underdevelopment of our country [continent] is our nonchalant attitude to time and the need for punctuality in all aspects of life...‟‟ The relationship between progress and punctuality can never be overemphasised.The concept of African

time has to be done away with if we must move forward as a people.This entails a re-eveluation of our time management skills and a recognition of the implications of missed appointments, meetings, and late buses.We need to acknowledge that productivity is reduced where languid tardiness is the norm.Below are a few useful tips which can help us overcome this;

for all of these consciously making a commitment to stick to it.

4.„‟Leave nothing for tomorrow which can be done today‟‟ -Abraham Lincoln 5.Keep a watch on yourself and do self accountability on a daily basis.Fix a time for that and analyse whether you are improving or not by calculating the time you wasted in procrastinating during

1.Be determined to be an

the last 24 hours.

agent of change

Summarily, you can

2.Try to spend less time thinking and more time in working and doing the things you have planned for today.Watch your speed not your watch.

3.Make a list of the things you want to do tomorrow in the night and allocate ample time

manage your time properly thus: 1.Get Organised: have a to-do-list and stick to it(its an inventory tool which serves as a supplement to memory).

2.Protect your time:

VOLUME 1 ISSUE 4 AFRICAN TIME IS KILLING US II

Isolate tasks and

not unconnected

delegate where

with the ten-

possible.

dency to evaluate

3.Set Gravitational

4.Recover from bad time habits such as procrastination.

5.Work in priority order: set goals and prioritize using the ABC technique/ analysis A-Tasks that are perceived as being urgent and important B-Tasks that are important but not urgent C-Tasks that are neither urgent nor important.

The concept of African time is

TIME IS A MOSTER KD ALEGIEUNO (ARC)

outcomes and over-estimate/

goals that attract under-estimate actions one‟s own perimmediately.

Page 8

I do not believe less with the man who says, “Time is a monster which cannot be reasoned

formances. People with. It moves like a snail to test our patience then pick up speed like a gazelle and underestimate the time required to complete a task. African time is about sac-

you can catch your breath.”

Can you imagine, it was just yesterday that we stepped into January 2011? We drew out our action plans. Somehow we said we wanted to start pursuing our dreams by the begin-

rificing the Real-

ning of February.

ity principle at

We felt January was creeping too slowly to

the altar of Pleasure/ Procrastination.

Punctuality is the sole of any business and gives productivity a boost. Let us therefore change our attitude .Let

our liking that we started counting days until we lost count. We did not even know when February arrived until Valentine‟s Day. By the time we got over with the euphoria, it was already April 1. Time had played a fool on us again! First quarter of the year had gone with the wind. The plan that was once on our table has somehow migrated and disappeared into the stag of books on the shelf. We have lost hope again!

Wait a minute, we can still beat time. We can start moving like a gazelle when time is moving like a snail. When it begins to pick

us imbibe punctu-

speed like a gazelle we should have been run-

ality, so that we

ning like a cheetah with our eyes focused on

can have safer lives, and indeed fuller lives.

the prey (goal). Eventually we shall bring down the gazelle for dinner.

Page 9

VOLUME 1 ISSUE 4 EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW WITH JENNIFER DUNG (PRM); STAFF OFFICER, DASHBOARD, OPERATIONS DEPARTMENT, RSHQ ABUJA There is no hiding place for hard working

J.D: My major function is to prepare

staff, they are like gold fish in a plate.

dashboard and make it readily available for

Insight crew beamed its searchlight on a

Management meeting.

Marshal whom over the years in her own

I.N: What is dashboard?

little way contributed to the growth of

J.D: It is the weekly collation of all FRSC

the Corps. Jennifer Dung (PRM) is not

data at a glance from the Unit level to the

only beautiful but intelligent, amiable and

HQ level

hardworking. She has the vision of the

I.N: Who are the recipients of the

Corps engraved in her heart. Always willing to contribute her quota to the achievement of the Corpsâ€&#x; vision. Here is an excerpt from the interview I.N: May we meet you?

J.J: My name Jennifer Dung, Principal Road Marshal. I come from Jos north local government of Plateau state. To be

dashboard?

J.D: The main recipient of the dashboard is the Corps Marshal and the Management team I.N: How do you feel that most major decisions in FRSC is based on the dashboard you prepare weekly J.D: I feel elated and fulfilled. There is this inner joy you feel when your work is contrib-

precise, I am Birom by tribe. I work in

uting meaningfully to the achievement of the

the operations department as Staff Offi-

organizational goal. I am happy that I have

cer Dashboard.

the rare privilege to keep the Management

I.N: Tell us about your educational back-

abreast on what is happening on weekly basis.

ground J.D: I had my primary education in Jos. After my primary education, I proceeded to government Secondary school, Mayongo in Bassa, Plateau state. After my secondary school, I secured employment with the Federal Road Safety Corps in 1997. While on the job, I enrolled for my HND in Business Administration where I graduated in 2010.

I.N: What is your role in the department?

Page 10

INSIGHT NEWSLETTER

EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW WITH JENNIFER DUNG (PRM); STAFF OFFICER,DASHBOARD, OPERATIONS DEPARTMENT, RSHQ ABUJA I.N: Do you think FRSC has fared better with the introduction of the dashboard?

J.D: Very well. The introduc-

I thank God Almighty who

have our broadband increased. It will go a long way in improving the dashboard.

tion of the dashboard has

has seen the

brought about a dramatic

fruit of my

J.D: My role model is Barrister

labour in

courage in her campaign to pro-

change in performance measurement. One can easily assess the performance of a particular department by looking at the dashboard. As such, no department, Corps office or Command would want to be adjudged as performing poorly.

I.N: How do you feel being the first Marshal to be interviewed by the Insight Crew?

J.D: I am proud and happy. I thank God Almighty who has seen the fruit of my labour in darkness and in His infinite goodness and wisdom brought it to light. I also thank the Corps Marshal, Osita Chidoka and my DCM, Boboye Oyeyemi for giving me the rare privilege to serve. I am hoping to improve

darkness and in His infinite goodness and wisdom brought it to light. I also thank the Corps Marshal, Osita Chidoka and my DCM, Boboye Oyeyemi for

on my duty.

giving me the

I.N: What are the challenges

rare privilege

you face when preparing the dashboard?

J.D: The little challenge we are facing is that some of the desk officers do not have SUGs. I also think that there is need to

to serve. I am hoping to improve on my duty.

I.N: Who is your role model?

Chidinma Chidoka, I admire her mote child restrain while driving. I think she understand the need tosafeguard the lives of children which we all know are the future of tomorrow. As a woman she is always there for her family, which is one great quality of an ideal woman. I also see my DCM, Boboye Oyeyemi as my role model for his hard work and dedication. When sometimes I am faced with difficult challenge, the first question I will ask myself is, “How will my DCM handle this problem?� And the best solution will surface.

I.N: How will you want to see the Corps in the next 100 years from now?

J.D: In the next 100 years I want FRSC to be able to live its vision, having zero tolerance for road traffic crashes. I want FRSC staff to be World Class Officers and Marshals.

I.N: Where again have you worked before coming to operations department?

Page 11

INSIGHT NEWSLETTER

EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW WITH JENNIFER DUNG (PRM); STAFF OFFICER,DASHBOARD, OPERATIONS DEPARTMENT, RSHQ ABUJA J.D: I joined the corps in 12 December, 1997. I started at the FCT Sector Command under Commander Osifo, there I proceeded to Nyanya Unit Command. In fact we opened the Command under Commander Jegede. That was when the road was still a single lane. I was later posted to the Zone during the late Commander

I.N: What advice do you have for officers and most especially marshals who do not believe in hard work?

J.D: There three keys to success. First is hard work, the second is hard work and the third is hard work. When you give your best to your job especially the kind of job we do which

Baffa. From the Zone, I was transferred

is to save lives, God will definitely give His

to Logistics department under Com-

best to you.

mander Uba Hassan. I was later posted to Lafia as an operator in the IPC office.

I.N: Are you married?

From there I was transferred to Gwagwalada data centre under Dr. Nwaka.

J.D: I am single

From Gwagwalada I was transferred to the Operations Department under commander AK Browne as Admin staff. I was later made SO dashboard under Commander Oyeyemi on 3 April, 2009. The first dashboard was prepared that day.

I.N: How do you feel when you have to come to work especially during public holidays and weekends to work on the dashboard?

J.D: Ours is a humanitarian job, as such I see it as my duty to work at anytime irrespective of whether it is a public holiday or not. Those little sacrifices will go a long way to saving a life. In fact I have no course to complain because it is my job that put food on my table.

I.N: What are your hobbies?

J.D: Reading, dancing and cooking

Page 12

INSIGHT NEWSLETTER THE 7 WONDERS OF WATER

Dr Aiyudu,DI (CRC) HOU,NHIS RSHQ MEDICAL CENTRE Water helps the blood trans-

.deeper when you're dehy-

port oxygen and other essen-

drated. Water is nature's

tial nutrients to your cells.

own beauty cream.

If you're getting enough wa-

Drinking water hydrates skin

ter, your heart also doesn't

cells and plumps them up,

have to work as hard to pump

making your face look

blood throughout your body.

younger.

3.LOWER STRESS WITH WATER 1.STAY SLIMMER WITH WATER Trying to lose weight? Water revs up metabolism and helps you feel full.

85% of your brain tissue is water. If you're dehydrated, both your body and your mind

It also flushes out impurities and improves circulation and blood flow, leaving your face clean, clear, and glowing.

will be stressed.

6.STAY REGULAR WITH

If you're feeling thirsty,

WATER

Replace calorie-laden bever- you're already a little dehyages with water, and drink a drated.

Along with fiber, water is essential to good digestion.

To keep stress levels down,

Water helps dissolve waste

you feel fuller.

keep a glass of water at your

particles and passes them

Drinking more water also

desk or tote a sports bottle

smoothly through your di-

helps amp up metabolism -

and sip regularly.

gestive tract.

glass before meals to help

especially if your glass is icy cold. Your body must work to warm the water up, burning a few extra calories in the process.

4.BUILD MUSCLE TONE WITH WATER Drinking water helps prevent muscle cramping and lubricates joints in the body.

If you're dehydrated, your body absorbs all the water, leaving your colon dry and making it more difficult to pass waste.

When you're well hydrated,

7.WATER REDUCES KID-

ENERGY

you can exercise longer and

NEY STONES

If you're feeling drained

stronger without "hitting the

The rate of painful kidney

WALL."

stones is rising because peo-

2.WATER BOOSTS YOUR

and depleted, get a pick-meup with water. Dehydration makes you feel fatigued.

5.NOURISH YOUR SKIN Fine lines and wrinkles are

ple – CONT ON PG 29

Page 13

VOLUME 1 ISSUE 4

ALL INCLUSSIVE MOBILITY: THE PLIGHT OF THE PHYSICALLY CHALLENGED, AGED, CHILDREN AND OTHER PEDESTRIANS IN NIGERIAN CITIES (I) Mode Split in Urban Areas (Pucher and Lefevre 2002) Country

“E.S John (ARC) STOF

Budget Admin/Procurement, FRSC HQ Abuja

Introduction A city they say, is not better than its transportation

system.

These

places demands on all and sundry to play roles that conform to all inclusive global best practices in road construction, usage and road traffic administration. As the nation journeys towards a globalised economy and Nigerians

vision

20:2020,

which has as one of its cardinal objectives, safe and efficient mass transportation, FRSC is poised to reposition the nation as one of the 20

th

world‟s

safest roads by 2020 from its present 91

st

po-

sition globally.

With various strategies outlined to enable the nation achieve the set tar-

Car

Transit

Cycling

Walking

Other

Sweden

36%

11%

10%

39%

4%

France

54%

12%

4%

30%

0%

Austria

39%

13%

9%

31%

8%

Switzerland

38%

20%

10%

29%

3%

Germany

52%

11%

10%

27%

0%

Denmark

42%

14%

20%

21%

3%

Netherlands

44%

8%

27%

19%

1%

UK

62%

14%

8%

12%

4%

Canada

74%

14%

1%

10%

1%

USA

84%

3%

1%

9%

2%

he amount of walking and cycling varies significantly from one city to another and forms part of the reason for their rating.

get. Although the Federal Capital City has been chosen as the focal point, the paper attempts to address a national issue. The implementation of the recommendations will lead to enhanced safety on our roads.

To realize this target, we looked at some of the first 20 nations with the safest roads on the World Road Traffic Crash Rating and we discovered that virtually all of them have high percentage of their total trips, walking and cycling.

The Right of all to Use the Road Every citizen has the right to freedom of movement as

enshrined in section 41 of the 1999 constitution. This is also contained in article 12 of the African charter on human and people

rights

(Ratification

and Enforcement) Act (cap A9) Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 2004. This includes the right to move on the roads. Also, every citizen has the right to life as enshrined in section 33 of the 1999 constitutions. Article 5 of the African charter on human and people‟s rights contain same.

Furthermore, section 42 of the 1999 constitution guarantees to citizens rights of freedom from discrimination.

This connote that every citizen including the disabled, age

Page 14

INSIGHT NEWSLETTER ALL INCLUSSIVE MOBILITY: THE PLIGHT OF THE PHYSICALLY

CHALLENGED, AGED, CHILDREN AND OTHER PEDESTRIANS IN NIGERIAN CITIES (I) and children have equal rights to use public infrastructure including roads and vehicles without restrictions except as it concerns the classification and usage of roads. Doing otherwise amounts to their disenfranchisement against the UN convention on the rights of people with disability which purpose is “to promote, protect and ensure the full and equal enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms by all persons with disabilities, and to promote respect for their inherent dignity”.

Types of Road and their Uses A careful understanding of roads, their classification and uses is sure to reduce the traffic challenges and its attendant death and injuries today, both for the pedestrians and the entire road users.

Roads are classified into expressways, arterial roads, collector roads, streets etc.

Such classification reduces its miss-use and abuse by users and enables traffic & transport engineers to design them with specific users in mind. Please obtain a copy of the Nigerian Highway Code to get yourself abreast of the details. However, because of the importance of the expressway to our discursion, it‟s important to look at some basic facts of an expressway.

Express Ways: This is a high speed, restricted access control road with multiple lanes. Access to and from this type of road is through an interchange. An interchange is a special intersection designed to enable road Users cross,

enter or leave the express way without interfering with the flow of traffic.

Movement of vehicles along the expressway is restricted to categories of vehicles. Specifically among others, some sections of the National Road Traffic Regulation (NRTR) 2004 states;

92. “Try-cycles, motor cycles under 50cc, invalid carriages, hand pushed trucks, pedal cyclist and pedestrians with or without perambulators shall not be permitted on an express way, except on trucks and paths which have been provided for such use, and may not cross any expressway except at designated location.

94. “No person shall on any expressway permit the loading or off loading of any passenger or goods from any motor vehicle except at designated locations”.

95. “No person shall on any express way, board or alight from any motor vehicle except at designated locations”. References shall be made to these as we go along.

The Headache of Pedestrians in the Capital City Traffic challenges are peculiar to developing nations of the world, Nigeria is not an exception. However, the rate of pedestrian‟s death is rather worrisome and therefore calls for concern, a major reason for this paper.

TO BE CONTINUED IN THE NEXT EDITION

Page 15

INSIGHT NEWSLETTER QUOTABLE QUOTES

We keep moving forward, opening new doors, and doing new things, because we're curious and curiosity keeps leading us down new paths. We're always exploring and experimenting.

Walt Disney A corporation is a living organism; it has to continue to shed its skin. Methods have to change. Focus has to change. Values have to change. The sum total of those changes is transformation.

Andrew Grove Performance leads to recognition. Recognition brings respect. Respect enhances power.

Humility and grace in one's moments of power enhances dignity of an organisation.

Narayana Murthy The surest way for an executive to kill himself is to refuse to learn how, and when, and to whom to delegate work.

James Cash Penney “Knowledge has to be improved, challenged, and increased constantly, or it vanishes.” Peter Drucker “Plans are only good intentions unless they immediately degenerate into hard work.” Peter Drucker "Emptiness is a symptom that you are not living creatively. You either have no goal that is important enough to you, or you are not using your talents and efforts in a striving toward an important goal."

Maxwell Maltz "Close scrutiny will show that most "crisis situations" are opportunities to either advance, or stay where you are."

Maxwell Maltz "Long range planning works best in the short term." Doug Evelyn "There's always a way if you're committed." Anthony Robbins

INSIGHT NEWSLETTER

Page 16

Stress and stress management II

Dr Aiyudu,DI (CRC) HOU,NHIS RSHQ MEDICAL CENTRE

Acute Stress Acute stress is the type of stress that comes immediately with a change of routine. It is an intense type of stress, but it passes quickly. Acute stress is the body's way of getting a person to stand up and take inventory of what is going on, to make sure that everything is OK Chronic Stress Chronic stress will occur if there is a constant change of routine for week after week. Chronic stress affects the body for a long period of time. This is the type of stress experienced by someone who constantly faces moves or job changes.

HYPERSTRESS Hyper stress is the type of negative stress that comes when a person is forced to undertake or undergo more than he or she can take. A stressful job that overworks an individual will cause that individual to face hyper stress.

A person who is experiencing hyper stress will often respond to even little stressors with huge emotional outbreaks. It is important for a person who thinks they might be experiencing hyperstress to take measures to reduce the stress in their lives, because hyper stress can lead to serious emotional and physical repercussions.

HYPOSTRESS The final of the four types of stress is hypo stress. Hypo stress stands in direct opposite to hyper stress. Hypo stress is basically insufficient amount of stress. That is because hypo stress is the type of stress experienced by a person who is constantly bored. Someone in an unchallenging job, such as a factory worker performing the same task over and over, will often experience hypo stress. The effect of hypo stress is feelings of restlessness and a lack of inspiration.

W HAT

ARE THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF JOB

STRESS? There is a clear connection between workplace stress and physical and emotional problems. According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, early warning signs of job stress include:

  

Headache Sleep disturbance Upset stomach

   

Difficulty concentrating Irritability Low morale Poor relations with family and friends

While these early signs are relatively easy to recognize, it may be harder to see how job stress affects chronic health problems, since chronic conditions develop over time and may be influenced by factors other than stress. Still, evidence suggests that workplace stress plays an important role in several types of ongoing health problems, especially:

 

Cardiovascular disease Musculoskeletal conditions

A person who is experiencing hyper stress will often respond to even little stressors with huge emotional outbreaks. It is important for a person who thinks they might be experiencing hyper stress to take measures to reduce the stress in their lives, because hyper stress can lead to serious emotional and physical repercussions.

VOLUME 1 ISSUE 4

Page 17

Stress and stress management II Cognitive Symptoms

Emotional Symptoms

Memory problems

Moodiness

Indecisiveness

Agitation

Inability to concentrate

Restlessness

Trouble thinking clearly

Short temper

Poor judgment

Irritability, impatience

Seeing only the negative

Inability to relax

Anxious or racing thoughts

Feeling tense and “on edge�

Constant worrying

Feeling overwhelmed

Loss of objectivity

Sense of loneliness and isolation

Fearful anticipation

Depression or general unhappiness

Physical Symptoms

Behavioral Symptoms

Headaches or backaches

Eating more or less

Muscle tension and stiffness

Sleeping too much or too little

Diarrhea or constipation

Isolating yourself from others

Nausea, dizziness

Procrastination, neglecting responsibilities

Insomnia

Using alcohol, cigarettes, or drugs to relax

Chest pain, rapid heartbeat

Nervous habits (e.g. nail biting, pacing)

Weight gain or loss

Teeth grinding or jaw clenching

Skin breakouts (hives, eczema)

Overdoing activities (e.g. exercising, shopping)

Loss of sex drive

Overreacting to unexpected problems

Frequent colds

Picking fights with others

TO BE CONTINUED IN THE NEXT EDITION

VOLUME 1 ISSUE 4

Page 18

STILL ON SPEECH WRITING: ―DISTORTED INCENTIVES: BARRIER TO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT‖ A good speech takes you into an exploratory and unforgettable journey. Such a speech is full of thoughts and wisdom with well embellished evidence of research. It is like a hook that holds your attention right from the very first sentence until the very last word. When the speech is done it will seem as if you have lost a friend. Permit me to make you an offer you can‟t refuse. Here is a master piece presented by the Corps Marshal at an award ceremony held at the Kuti Hall, University of Ibadan on Saturday 17 July 2010.

INTRODUCTION As I was preparing this paper I read a full text of a convocation lecture delivered by the Governor of Central Bank of Nigeria Sanusi Lamido Sanusi titled “The Nigerian Banking Industry: what went wrong and the way forward” in the paper the Governor attempted a diagnostic review of the past and presented his plan going forward. A brilliant paper as showcased in the depth of analysis, breadth of vision and beauty of its prose. His paper will present a trigger point for my lecture today, but before I turn to it I wish to make some preliminary statements about the event today.

I am here today because of the opportunity it presents for us to promote national dialogue and ask the relevant questions about our national aspirations and possibilities. Therefore I am not

here to receive an award as I do not believe nor will I accept our new national past time of doling out awards based on access to public office.

A nation that we all lament that is underperforming; a nation we all talk about its latent potentials; a nation we all agree has performed below its peers as at 1960 has its managers as award winners in all spheres. If our leaders are all award winners then why are we not giving garlands to Nigeria at 50? Why are newspaper editorials criticizing the Nigeria at 50 celebrations? Yet the same Newspapers were and are still creating awards for all segment of our national leadership.

Let‟s read from Leadership Newspaper in its editorial of Monday 21st June titled 50th Anniversary Profligacy “Fifty years in the existence of an individual or nation indeed calls for clinking of glasses. In the case of Nigeria, however, it has been 50 years of agony, frustration and retrogression. Virtually nothing

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INSIGHT NEWSLETTER

―DISTORTED INCENTIVES: BARRIER TO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT‖ works in the country. The economy is comatose.

Nigeria depends on imported goods for which it has raw materials to produce locally. In 50 years, Nigeria cannot guarantee uninterrupted power supply to drive its economy. Basic infrastructure such as the roads and rail systems are in a shambles. Same goes for the education and health sectors.

Mass unemployment and government corruption are the major causes of all manner of crimes in the country - and they are the direct consequences of bad governance that has characterised Nigeria's leadership since 1 independence” If this is the editorial view of the Newspaper, which I do not agree with, how did it happen that on April 30th 18 Nigerians and companies were presented awards for “Excellence”? What excellence were the editors of the Newspaper celebrating in a Nigeria that they described a month later as characterised by bad governance? This is just an example of the strange phe-

nomenon called awards in Nigeria.

Awards have been afflicted by the Nigerian factor and identified as an unclogged route to titillate the oversized egos of public office holders and guarantee transactional exchange that satisfies both parties. In most cases when you are written that you have been nominated the letter usually comes with a request for advert placement or “support” for the event,

Awards have been afflicted by the Nigerian factor and identified as an unclogged route to titillate the oversized egos of public office holders and guarantee transactional exchange that satisfies both parties.

should the recipient fail to honour the unspoken obligation your name is expunged from the final list or if they are gracious you remain a nominee.

Yet I believe that awards are necessary to create incentives for good behaviour and application of oneself to deliver outcomes that will promote our collective humanity, uplift social consciousness or indeed make sacrifices for the good of country. We will discuss incentives presently as we progress.

At the last count, I have been offered about 103 awards since the last three years of my leadership of the Corps, out of which, I honoured only 3 and was physically present to receive one, because of its direct bearing on road safety management in the country.

That was the Prince Michael International Road Safety Awards won by the Corps in 2008.

The ceremony today, though an award, presented me with an opportunity to start a dialogue

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―DISTORTED INCENTIVES: BARRIER TO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT‖

with members of my generation and to point you, from my limited perspective, to a new vista of challenges and opportunities that may aid or hinder our future. That was why when I got your invitation and nomination for this Award, I decided albeit against my principled stand on awards to public officers at this period of our chequered historical development to show solidarity with you as the leaders of tomorrow by honouring the invitation and delivering this paper.

On this note, let me express my sincere appreciation to the Executive and members of the great Kuti Hall of this prestigious University for considering me worthy of the Award. I also wish to sincerely thank the Vice Chancellor, Senate and Students of Nigeria‟s premier University for the warm reception you have accorded me and my entourage. I am convinced that Nigerian youths, given the right atmosphere, are capable of effecting leadership change in this country.

THE CHOICE OF THE TOPIC After a careful reflection of Nigeria‟s economic situation and the future of the youths, the conclusion I reached was that there is no incentive for the outcomes that will lead to national rebirth, affirmation and development. I came to the considered conclusion that the quest for development would con-

tinue to elude Nigeria until we create an atmosphere that is hostile to underperformance and fertile for the germination of seeds of hard work and sacrifice. A cursory look at our country today and my experience so far in public service led me to conclude that a major barrier to our national development is a distorted incentive structure. I could not resist the temptation of utilising this forum to discuss this challenge in order to engender more discourse in an academic environment with students as the target audience.

DEFINITION According to Wikipedia, The free Encyclopaedia, Incentive is “any factor (financial or non-financial) that enables or motivates a particular course of action, or counts as a reason for preferring one choice to the alternatives.2 It is an expectation that encourages people to behave in a certain way. On the other hand, Dictionary.com defines it as “something that invites or tends to invite to action or greater effort as a reward for increased productivity”3.

It is clear from the definitions above, that in dealing with this topic, issues of development; motivation and increased productivity are central factors. This is so because, human beings as social animals respond to stimuli which push them to engage their extra efforts in achieving set objectives. The incentives must not necessarily be economic, but the underlying factor remains that something must drive

Page 21

VOLUME 1 ISSUE 4

―DISTORTED

INCENTIVES:

BARRIER

TO

NATIONAL

DEVELOPMENT‖ one into engaging his or full energies toward the realisation of a goal.

Incentive could be a spiritual fulfilment, a nationalist obligation or an escape from certain reality, as the example of the Japanese whose fear of recolonisation is the reason for their militant and committed attitudes to work. Just like in capitalist production system, the incentive for investing in productive ventures is profit making.

Citizens that are under the threat of war develop the incentive to be united because of fear of collective destruction or defeat. The intangible concept of national pride plays a dominant role in the evocation of national consciousness during football competitions, especially when the National Team is involved.

In all these, it is obvious that value system is central to creating and sustaining the consciousness required in producing an attitude that guarantee extra ordinary action in certain circumstances. Constructed differently, people must know why they have to engage their maximum efforts for a cause and the reward system in place to sustain these efforts. This is because productivity and development are linked to people‟s value system.

We therefore insist that there is need for value reorientation among all Nigerians; and this must be built on what people really believe in and sincerely

appreciate, if the much desired national development is to take place. A society not built on strong value system of its people would suffer the consequences of borrowed affirmations and identities. A value system that does not incentivise the ethic of hard work, delayed gratification, social justice and disdain for vices will not develop the moral and ethical infrastructure that underpins modern society and economic development.

Following from the above and considering the historical perspective of the emergence of the Nigerian state as well as present socio – political and economic realities, you would agree with me that the present distorted incentive structure in Nigeria is a barrier to national development. And this can be explained as follows: (a) Lack of quest for excellence: Following from the different colonial development patterns, policies of divide and rule and the failure of the British colonial rule to create the unifying forces among the various sections of the country, a huge imbalance in the educational and economic development exist between the two former protectorates of North and South. The consequence of this distortion is the fear of domination, suspicions among the major players and antagonism between the people of the two sections of the North and South.

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―DISTORTED INCENTIVES: BARRIER TO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT‖

To redress this and ensure unity among the people, a thoughtful policy of inclusion variously described as „‟Federal Character‟‟ and „‟Quota system‟‟ became entrenched in our constitution. Rather than resolving the crisis it created an unintended consequence of distorting the incentives for excellence. It created the mongrel situation where youthful idealism was turned to cynicism due to frustrations of denial of access due to ethnicity or worse still state of origin.

In the political arena, where it ought to aid national inclusiveness and cohesion the result has been abysmal as we have democratised incompetence and truncated policy dialogue since the only criteria for assumption of office is by „‟zoning‟‟, „‟turn by turn‟‟, „‟rotation‟‟ etc.

The very pragmatic decision that would have led to national unity has become an opportunity for the elite to avoid the competition that is the hallmark of meritocracy. It should be a source of worry to all of us in the younger generation that while other nations are engaging in serious dialogue on strategies and agenda for development the conversation in Nigeria is about geographical identity. So far we have not heard of any aspirant with an agenda for lifting Nigeria from the throes of poverty or clear timeline on deliverables for achieving our national vision of 20:20:20. (b) Distorted Economic and Institutional Paradigm

Let us return to the aforementioned lecture4 of the Central Bank Governor, in the lecture he brilliantly diagnosed the problems afflicting the Nigerian economy and the recent banking crisis but for today‟s discussion what attracted my interest was his frank assessment of the role of the CBN in the crisis. I will attempt a summary.  Lack of co-ordination among regulators prevented the CBN from having a comprehensive consolidated bank view of its activities.

There is little co-ordination among the FS regulators. In spite of the widespread knowledge of bank malpractice and propensity for regulatory  arbitrage, the FSRCC, the coordinating body for financial regulators did not meet for two years during this time.  A comparison of Nigerian regulations with those of international regulators indicated the Nigerian set of regulations was not as comprehensive.

An example was the lack of a legal and regulatory framework governing the margin lending activity  Uneven supervision and inadequate enforcement also played a significant role in exacerbating the problems associated with the crisis.  The Supervision Department within the CBN was not structured to supervise effectively and to enforce regulation. No one was held accountable for addressing the key industry issues Enforcement was the biggest failure

VOLUME 1 ISSUE 4

Page 23

―DISTORTED INCENTIVES: BARRIER TO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT‖

 among surveillance processes, despite the CBN having all the powers it needed to enforce examination recommendations.

The governance and management processes at the CBN also had a significant impact on its ability to deliver its mandate adequately. Governance and internal processes were unstructured and this compromised the CBN‟s ability to supervise the industry. Corporate governance at the CBN was laissez-faire.  The CBN was not organised to monitor adequately and analyse the macroeconomic issues and systems risks inherent in the financial sector. There is no overarching architecture to manage the risks in the banking system, linking economic indicators to macroprudential guidelines and to individual bank prudential guidelines Leadership and culture issues included an apparent lack of political will to enforce the sanctions for infractions In my view this assessment of the failure of the Central bank can be applied to any agency or government institution in Nigeria. It is reflective of the weakness of the Nigerian state and its institutions. While I agree with the basic analysis of the Governor, I believe that at the root of the problem are distorted incentives.

The Central Bank is one of our flagship institutions with some of the best and brightest individuals that the public

sector can afford and yet its internal mechanism lent itself to the directions of one man without resistance, as narrated by Governor Sanusi. That to my mind is a major failure that cannot be cured only by Sanusi‟s evangelising mission of reforms but a culture change that will incentivise good behaviour across all spectrum of the economy.

He spoke about financialisation of the economy not benefiting the real economy and indeed that was the heart of the problem: a real sector which has lost the incentive to produce.

Development as we all know is a function of consumption, production and investment. And because of the inequalities that exist among the people, responsible governments put in place a progressive tax structure that creates balance between consumption and investment in order to sustain development. Such tax regimes are structured in such a way as to favour those who engage in productive activities through which they create opportunity of gainful employment for other citizens.

They therefore enjoy such concessions as generous tax relief, low tariffs, etc.

But those who invest speculatively in the economy to make quick money are made to pay higher taxes to discourage such practices.

TO BE CONTINUED IN THE NEXT EDITION

INSIGHT NEWSLETTER

Page 24

―DISTORTED INCENTIVES: BARRIER TO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT‖

REFERENCES http://www.leadershipnigeria.com/editorial/16563-50th-anniversary-profligacy http://www.wikipedia. the free encyclopaedia.com/incentive http://www.wictionary.com/incentive http://www.cenbank.org/out/speeches/2010 http://www.guardian.com/ukcapitalgaintax http://www.firs.gov.ng/capitalgaintax http://www.nihgeriainvestment.com/atedopeterside/ibtc The implementation Document for Nigeria‟s Vision 20:2020

THE 7 WONDERS OF WATER

CONT FROM PG 12

- including children aren't drinking enough water.

Water dilutes the salts and minerals in your urine that form the solid crystals known as kidney stones.

Kidney stones can't

The rate of painful kidney stones is rising because people

cise or sweat

- including children - aren't

heavily.

drinking enough water.

water if you

minerals in your urine that

drink other bev-

form the solid crystals known as kidney stones.

so reduce your risk

ARE YOU DRINKING ENOUGH WATER? Generally, nutritionists recommend we f

You may need less

Water dilutes the salts and

form in diluted urine, with plenty of water!

water if you exer-

follow the "8x8 rule."

Drink eight 8-ounce glasses of water a day.

You may need more water if you exercise

erages often.

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INSIGHT NEWSLETTER

THE SECRET OF PASSING INTERNET EXAMINATIONS 4 FEDERAL ROAD SAFETY CORPS RS 10.3 GUSUA UNIT COMMAND PART ONE ORDERS No 029

Apr, 2011

Week 030600 ______________ 091800A In previous editions we commenced a peep into like-

Field Officer of the Week ---- --BC Momoh (SRC) Duty Officer of the week ------- DM Oghaghaoghene (ARC)

able internet questions dur- Reville ------------------------------0600 Hrs ing the forth coming promotion examinations. In

Breakfast ------------------------- 0630 Hrs

similar vein, we continue

Muster Parade -------------------- 0700 Hrs

the series as follows :

Guard Mounting ------------------ 1800 Hrs

A.

What is the FRSC emergency call number ?

0700 – CALL - FRSC

GUARD DUTY (Command Premises)

(0700 – 2255 - 3772

B Omusan (ARM1) ------ 030600 -------- 031800A

B. What time is the Na-

H Mohammed (ARM11)------040600- --- 041800A

tional Flag lowered ?

T Okechukwu (RM111) ------- 050600 --- 051800A

1800 hrs

BU Akpata (ARM11) -------- 060600 ---- 0618000A KD Bobbo (ARM1) ----------- 070600 ---- 0718000A

C. As the Head of Operation of Gusua Unit Command, prepare the Command’s part one order ?

G Aiyenigba (ARM11) - ----- 080600----- 0818000A FU Koli (RM1)---- ----- --- 090600 ---------0918000A

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INSIGHT NEWSLETTER

THE SECRET OF PASSING INTERNET EXAMINATIONS 4

D. RS 8.32 Kabba Unit Command last quarter traffic count:

VEHICLE

0600-

0700 – 0800

TYPE

0700 hrs

0800

VEHICLE

0600hrs M/CYCLE TYPE 950700 hrs 120 CARS 150 200 BUSES 4 18 M/CYCLE 95 TRUCKS 9 18 CARS 150 TRAIL10 16 BUSES 4 ERS/ TRUCKS 9 10 TANKERS TRAIL-

0900

– 0900 – 1000 1000

1100 hrs

– 1100

-1200

hrs

0700 – 0800 – 0900 – 1000 – 1100 hrs hrs 135 0800 112 0900 90 1000 501100 hrs hrs 305 105 100 250 hrs hrs hrs 65 120 80 125 120 112 90 50 55 48 75 100 200 305 105 100 12 8 25 8 18 65 120 80 18 55 48 75 16 12 8 25

ERS/ TANKERS From the table, determine the following: 1.

The total traffic

2.

The period with the highest traffic

3.

The percentage of the traffic comprising only buses

4.

The total number of non – commercial cars, given that half of the cars are commercial

5.

The total number of motorcycles that are commercial given that all motorcycles are private except ¼ of those counted between 1100 -1200 hrs

6.

The total vehicular population that are commercial

-1200

135 250

125 100 8

VOLUME 1 ISSUE 4

Page 27

THE SECRET OF PASSING INTERNET EXAMINATIONS 4

VEHICLE

0600-

0700

– 0800

– 0900

– 1000

– 1100

- TO-

TYPE

0700

0800

0900

1000

1100

1200

TAL

hrs

hrs

hrs

hrs

hrs

hrs

M/CYCLE CARS BUSES TRUCKS TRAIL-

95 150 4 9 10

120 200 18 18 16

112 305 65 55 12

90 105 120 48 8

50 100 80 75 25

135 250 125 100 8

602 1,110 412 305 79

268

372

549

371

330

618

2,508

ERS/ TANKERS TOTAL

Total traffic = 2,508 vehicles, The period with the highest traffic = 11.00 – 12.00 hrs

The percentage of the traffic comprising only buses = 412 x 100 = 16.4% 2,508 iv

The total number of non – commercial cars, given that half of the cars are commercial = ½ x 1,100

v

= 555

The total number of motorcycles that are commercial , given that all motorcycles are private except ¼ of those counted between 1100 -1200 hrs = ¼ x 135

= 33.75

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INSIGHT NEWSLETTER

THE SECRET OF PASSING INTERNET EXAMINATIONS 4

Vi

The total vehicular population that are commercial =

1,585 comprising, 34 + 555 + 412 + 305 + 79

F. During a regimental dinner, which Officer is the most appropriate to give the vote of thanks ?

The most junior officer present who is generally referred to as Mr. Vice G. During burial party of a road safety officer, what colour is the hearse draped in ?

FRSC‟s colour H. As a civilian guest to an FRSC Officer, name 4 Don’ts to be observed while in the Officer’s mess? i. Never seat on the patron or PMC seat ii Never drink directly from the bottle iii Never exhibit any unruly behaviour unexpected from a gentle man Officer iv Never engage in any argument considered treasonable

VOLUME 1 ISSUE 4 OF NO FIXED ADDRESS!

Page 29 AA OLUKOJU DCC

Nigeria is also marching towards the creation of a National Addressing Standard which will make it less cumbersome to trace ALL locations. Addressing is not just a matter of postal service, a lot more revolves around it. With proper delineation of streets and exclusion of descriptions

such as

“near XYZ Filing Station” or Opposite Orange Mast”, delivering services becomes more efficient.

Furthermore, security will be enhanced and the nation will stand tall in the Committee of nations.

Sustaining world class identification and addressing system in Nigeria will certainly drive our socioeconomic activities to the next level.

HOW ON EARTH?

Imagine the benefits to electricity and water distribution if every house is identifiable; to the banking industry if every customer is identified and to a location; to the road safety if every

HOW ON EARTH?

driver and vehicle is traceable.

Our emergency

response system will surely perform better bringing us nearer the desired reduction level in RTC related deaths if crash location is identified easily.

The importance of identifying citizens and locations in a

Victims‟ care will also be optimal if there is access

community cannot be overemphasized. Identification

to bio-data through proper identification.

reflects greatly on security, safety and the economy.

While citizens should have unique identity not shared with anybody, they should also be linked with particularly traceable addresses. However, in Nigeria absence of these two portend grave challenges. We are a country

Visit

the

NDLS

www.nigeriadriverslicence.org

website:

for your drivers

licence update and www.nigeriapostcode.com to know your post code

with no traceable addresses and non-verifiable identities.

The failure of the National Identity Card Scheme would have worsen things but thanks to alternative acceptable modes which includes the Drivers Licence, International Passport and lately Voter Registration Card. GSM SIM card registration is also expected to join the league of identity data sources. All these are to high degree very viable identification today marked with the use of biometrics in distinguishing personalities. As it is today, duplication of these documents of national importance is very difficult. They all operated on highly effective web based system which makes sharing, storage and retrieval of information robust.

COMING UP

VOLUME 1 ISSUE 4

Page 30

WORKERS DAY—WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO YOU?

D O E NAKIRERU A R C of trade and labour unions in the United States and Canada called for an eight -hour workday beginning on May 1, 1886. For the most part, employers refused to grant this, so on the first of May, thousands of workers went on strike.

What comes to your mind when you hear of May Day, Labour Day or Workers Day? Parades and demonstrations? Maypole dancing? A day off work? In many countries May Day, or the first Monday following May 1, is now simply a workers‟ holiday.

Why Labour Day The parades and demonstrations of the modern May Day began in North America. Why there? The industrial revolution brought new machines that ran continuously, with the result that factory owners often expected their employees to work up to 16 hours every day except Sundays. In an effort to improve the lives of workers, a federation

The Haymarket Riot in Chicago, Illinois, gave the labour movement in the United States its first martyrs, and workers in England, France, Holland, Italy, Russia, and Spain rallied in support. In 1889 a congress of world Socialist parties meeting in Paris declared that May 1, 1890, would be a day of international demonstrations in favour of an eight -hour workday. The date thereafter became an annual occasion on which to raise workers‟ demands for better working conditions.

In republics of the Soviet Union, May Day was traditionally celebrated with military parades and displays of technological

achievements. Today many countries including Nigeria, observe a holiday called Labour Day or International Workers‟ Day on the first of May or the first Monday following May 1. The United States and Canada, however, celebrate Labour Day on the first Monday in September.

May Day readily became identified with labour movements, and by the 20th century, it had become part of the Socialist calendar. The International Workers‟ Day has become a day for parades through the streets.

PLANNING ADVISORY UNIT

-Converting data into intelligence for making evidence

Federal Road Safety Corps RSHQ, Wuse Zone 7, Abuja, Nigeria

-Conducting global monitoring and benchmarking

Phone: +234 8077201236, +234 7036136152 E-mail: insight@frsc.gov.ng pau@frsc.gov.ng

based decision

-Conducting surveys and internal consulting for departments and Corps offices -Offering technical assistance and coaching to departments and Corps offices

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